Positional Chess Sacrifices 190655286X, 9781906552862

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QUALITY CHESS

��

Positional Chess Sacrifices By

Mihai Suba

Quality Chess q uali tychess. co. uk

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First edition 20 1 2 by Quality Chess UK Ltd Copyright© 20 1 2 Mihai Suba

Positional Chess Sacrifices All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. Paperback ISBN 978- 1 -906552-86-2 Hardcover ISBN 978- 1 -906552-87-9 All sales or enquiries should be directed to Quality Chess UK Ltd, 20 Balvie Road, Milngavie, Glasgow G62 7TA, United Kingdom Phone +44 1 4 1 333 9588 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.qualitychess.co.uk Distributed in North America by Globe Pequot Press, P.O. Box 480, 246 Goose Lane, Guilford, CT 06437-0480, US www.globepequot.com Distributed in Rest of the World by Quality Chess 'UK Ltd through Sunrise Handicrafts, Smyczkowa 4/98, 20-844 Lublin, Poland Typeset by Jacob Aagaard Proofreading by John Shaw & Allan Beardsworth Edited by Colin McNab & Andrew Greet Cover design by www.adamsondesign.com Cover Photo by Jacob Aagaard Printed in Estonia by Tallinna Raamatutriikikoja LLC

Contents Key to Symbols used Introduction

1

The Open Games

3

The Semi-Open Games

2

The Ruy Lopez

4

Alekhine's Defence

6

The Caro-Kann Defence

5

The French Defence

7

The Sicilian Defence

8

The Closed Games

10

The Modern Benoni

12

The Queen's Indian Defence

13

Flank Openings

14

Pawn Sacrifices

9

11

15

The Semi-Closed Games The Nimzo-Indian Defence

Exchange Sacrifices

16

Minor Piece Sacrifices

18

Other Sacrifices

17

19

Queen Sacrifices Endgame Sacrifices End Notes Game Index Name Index

4

5

14

36

46

56

74 91

118 165

181

214

231

243

257 279

286

312

324

333

345 360

363

368

Key to symbols used

± + +-+

iii

+!

...

?

?? !!

!?

?! #

White is slightly better Black is slightly better White is better Black is better White has a decisive advantage Black has a decisive advantage equality with compensation with counrerplay unclear a weak move a blunder a good move an excellent move a move worth considering a move of doubtful value mate

Introduction

Positional Chess Sacrifices The Power of Intuition Combinations have always been the most intriguing aspect of Chess. The masters look for them, the public applauds them and the critics praise them. It is because combinations are possible that Chess is more than a lifeless mathematical exercise. They are the poetry ofthe game; they are to Chess what melody is to music. They represent the triumph of mind over matter. - Reuben Fine Part 1

-

His tor ical Background and D efinitions Combinations

Some series of moves stand our from the expected trend of a chess game. They are surprising to our common sense. They often go beyond our erudition or chess culture, however extensive it might be. We call them combinations. Usually, the distinctive feature of a combination is a sacrifice. In a simple and quite restricted meaning, a sacrifice is an exchange of one or a set of pieces for another set of pieces which add up to an inferior points value. But in a chess game we can recognize more values, other than raw material, which is counted in pawns or points: the bishop pair, advanced passed pawns, the superior pawn structure, general coordination of pieces and pawns, an advantage in development, space, mobiliry, etc. On the negative side we may count lack of coordination, disharmony, damaged pawn structures, pieces our of play, weaknesses around one's king, the king being trapped in the wrong area of the board (be it centre or corner). In a more extended meaning, a sacrifice is an exchange of values - normally of more tangible (the most obvious being material) for less tangible ones. The decision-making process has to do with evaluation, and this normally depends on the strength and sryle of the chess player. Giving up a rook for a c3-knight in many Sicilians, which may be simply routine for a grandmaster, may look profound or even inconceivable to the eyes of an amateur. To begin with, let us suppose we all have the level of "just better than beginner", so we can savour most combinations presented in this book, and we can take some mental notes for our future games. The more difficult they are, the more help the reader may expect from the author.

6

Positional Chess Sacrifices

Even if we know some of the games or the diagrammed patterns beforehand, we can still derive a profit by revisiting them. During the flight to the Havana Chess Olympiad, a master saw Mikhail Tal immersed in Kurt Richter's combinations book. "Excuse me, grandmaster, I thought you knew all that by heart, and much more!" "Of course I do," answered the Wizard of Riga, "but let them be fresh in my mind!" Some of the most intriguing games in chess history, which will be well known to most readers, have been included here, but I can promise that they will "wear new clothes" in my comments, as compared with other sources. In developing the theory of combinations, two authors from the first half of the twentieth century deserve a attention: Eugene Znosko-Borovsky and Rudolf Spielmann. More recently, Shamkovich immersed himself in the ocean of combination and "specialized" in it. About chess intuition and its connection with combinatorial play, the book of Beliavsky and Mikhalchishin, Secrets of Chess Intuition, makes a good reference, while the positional sacrifice is the subject of a most inspired booklet by Kondratiev. Of course, many distinguished authors have touched on the theme in non-monographic works.

Are s acrific es cl assifiable? Those who say they understand Chess, understand nothing - Robert Hubner Most theoreticians, overwhelmed by the diversity ofchess combinations, have avoided a thorough classification and given priority to an empirical study. At best, they have classified combinations by the quantity of material given up. That is not a bad approach; however, the character of the chess fight can be exceedingly volatile. For example, one may first give up a pawn or so for an easier game, or some initiative; then an exchange sacrifice will ruin the opponent's defences; and finally, the coup de grace could take the form of a queen sacrifice. Moreover, such a classification will not consider "sacrificing" static values like structure or space, to increase the dynamic factors. The adjectives "intuitive", "positional" or "speculative", associated with those actions could also be appropriate or relative. The semantic paradox, that one cannot judge a "language" using that language, applies to chess as well. Rudolf Spielmann was aware of it, as he tried to impose a more scientific classification. To start with, Spielmann distinguishes two large categories of sacrifices, true and sham. A sham sacrifice (or pseudo-sacrifice) is a part of a combination with a foreseeable result (by calculation) which is either a definite result: mate or draw (when the initial position was critical), or regaining the invested material with a benefit. A true sacrifice (also called "real") is the beginning of a sequence without a clear outcome, based partly on concrete calculation and partly on positional evaluation. A true sacrifice is made in the belief of getting an advantage or improving one's chances, when compared with a "normal" game flow, that is, without the sacrifice. Most chess players and theoreticians call the latter type a positional sacrifice, although the terms intuitive sacrifice and speculative sacrifice are also used. More types can be added to this concept, for example those sacrifices which are forced - when anything else is unplayable;

Introduction

7

or best-chance - when the sacrifice is the least of the evils in an unfavourable position. The latter also comes with its extreme form, the desperation sacrifice or last-chance sacrifice. Quite modern are sacrifices with a draw-in-the-pocket - when one can force a draw but may also keep playing, without losing the option to draw (usually by perpetual). Within the sham sacrifices, we find three types: the positional sacrifice (in Spielmann's definition), the utility sacrifice and the mating sacrifice. According to Spielmann, a positional sacrifice is a particular sham sacrifice where the initiator just recuperates the material with a strategic bonus. I disagree with both the name and the inclusion into this category, for reasons explained later. A utility sacrifice is the one that, by force, recuperates the material investment with a plus. I do not think you need an explanation of what a mating sacrifice is, and Spielmann adds "The mate itself can be frequently avoided, but at a price of heavy counter-sacrifices, for example, with the loss of the queen, which is practically equivalent to mate." The true sacrifices have more subdivisions, according to their purpose, which are similar to the themes of general combinations: development, obstruction, deflection, line-opening, space­ freeing, decoying, blowing up the casded position, king-hunt.

A sham sacrifice is one made with a specific purpose, and a foreseeable outcome, while a true sacrifice is one with an outcome impossible to calculate and with a provisional purpose, which may vary according to the evolution of the play. Of course, the terms are quite subjective, as foreseeable (by calculation) depends on the player involved. Foreseeable to Fischer or Kasparov may not be so for most of us; what for them are sham sacrifices, for lesser mortals might appear as true sacrifices. Spielmann gives us the ultimate criterion - a true sacrifice implies a risk. Spielmann was, for a long time, one of the greatest practitioners of the real sacrifice, and I very much like his flair for it and his approach to it. Bur in contrast I do not like his definition of a positional sacrifice. What all good players mean by positional sacrifice is one which changes material assets for positional improvement for the originator, and/or positional damage to his opponent, replacing some or most of the exhausting calculation by strategic evaluation. When the exchange or more is sacrificed, some material (for example, a pawn for the exchange, two pawns for a piece, etc.) may contribute to the positional assets. These assets may be static (such as pawn structure), dynamic (such as development) or an amalgamation of both. In Secrets of Modern Chess Strategy, John Watson considers the "positional pawn sacrifice" and the "exchange sacrifice" as very distinctive features of modern games, and he reserves for each one a separate section of his book. I certainly subscribe to his opinion, and recommend the readers to revisit those sections. I don't know why he avoids the same adjective "positional", or an equivalent, before "exchange sacrifice", when the section is obviously referring to that type only and he is inspired by an article written by Petrosian tided precisely "Positional Exchange Sacrifice". I think that this "secret" might be worth the trouble to elucidate. Resuming, the general classification of sacrifices, as seen by other authors, has two aspects:

Positional Chess Sacrifices

8

A) The clarity of outcome - unclear for true sacrifices and clear for sham sacrifices. B) The material invested - pawn(s), exchange, minor piece, rook, queen; a mixture of the above, for example, two pieces for rook and pawn.

Further d efinitions Apart from "pawn gifts", sacrifices can be pure or impure. The latter means that some material is in the balance, for example, a pawn for the exchange, two pawns for a knight, a couple of pieces for a queen, which in normal conditions would not constitute suitable compensation. The sacrifice can be concrete (measurable in points) or abstract, when one side gives up positional assets. It can be positive, when the active side improves its fighting capacity (for example, ensures better mobility) or negative, when it diminishes the opponent's capacity to react or defend (for example, by obstruction, annihilation). In any case, the border between the extremes is not so easy to draw and most sacrifices will reflect, to a certain extent, both aspects. We can also make a classification by aims or by motifs. In the first category we may include material gain (including pawn promotion), better development, demolition, king-hunt, obstruction, pawn storm, simplification, getting a draw (by perpetual, stalemate, reaching a fortress or a theoretical position) etc. With regard to motifs, we may distinguish between lack of development, an unsafe king, a pawn majority, passed pawn(s), etc. This method of looking at a sacrifice applies to combinations in general, be they the fruit of calculation or intuition. In the case of an "intuitive" or "positional" sacrifice, we mentioned two types of compensation, static and dynamic, depending on the other assets summed up to the upset material balance.

Static compensating factors (also called stable or long-term) include: direct material compensation (which many authors suggest should be limited, otherwise we cannot call our action a sacrifice but a beneficial exchange). • structure modification - when we harm the opponent's pawn skeleton, or improve our own. The same applies when the sacrifice increases the value of a passed pawn, of a pawn majority, etc. • the demolition sacrifice - a particular case of the structure modification sacrifice, but on a bigger scale; its name says it all. • annihilation eliminating one or more key pieces of the opponent • obstruction - hampering the activity of one or more pieces of the opponent, e.g., by a change in pawn structure. • immobilization of one or more of the opponent's pieces • the blockade is a particular case which combines the previous two. • getting the bishop pair. The coordinated action of two bishops represents an advantage in most cases; the more open the position, the better. • obtaining a superiority in the centre. A strong domination of the central area of the board can amount to a general obstruction for the opposing side.

•

-

Introduction

9

The dynamic compensating factors are those which depend on time as an important factor, therefore many authors call them temporary. The term is not entirely correct, because a dynamic feature acquired at some moment may persist throughout the rest of the game. Generally, they may be represented by: • • •

development, when one directly wins time deflection, moving away an important defensive force the decoy, forcing one of the opponent's pieces into a bad situation (often in the corners)

where it may be trapped or have problems escaping, or you may gain time by attacking it, etc. Those three assets above do indeed have a temporary influence only; in a word, they are volatile. The following may be more persistent: •

•

•

insecurity, which is inflicted on the enemy king, for example, when it loses the right to castle

or when its surroundings are weakened. energizing, which is increasing the activity and effectiveness of some pieces, for example, in case of domination of the squares of a certain colour. In a sense, it is the opposite of obstruction or blockade. a radical change in the dynamics of the position, regarding the initiative, attack, etc.

Often several types of counter-balance for the material come together, augmenting the general value of the compensation. From all the above, we might conclude that a sacrifice is associated with playing for win, with attacking. That would be wrong, because giving up something for a defensive purpose can work just as well. Moreover, in the heat of the battle, the assailant often overlooks the opponent's resources, and is therefore more vulnerable to the "defensive sacrifice". Part 2

-

My Appr oach toWriting this Book

The probl em of class ification My belief about improving one's game is that the student should not be preoccupied by any classification. He will be better off by looking at full games, especially when they have a logical unity. This way, the reader can more easily understand the accumulation of "ifs" in the big river-bed of a game, allowing it to flow into a sacrifice. Many games in this book have detailed comments with respect to the opening and other instructive aspects about important moments in the middlegame. The game fragments from the middlegame chapters were selected because the positions presented could come from different openings, and any relation with a specific opening is very loose. To illustrate how difficult it is to formulate a workable classification (and here I share the opinion of several theoreticians of the combination like Znosko-Borovsky, Shamkovich and Kondratiev), I'll tell you that we cannot always clearly distinguish between an authentic intuitive sacrifice, a

Positional Chess Sacrifices

10

forced sacrifice, a bluff sacrifice, a psychological sacrifice or a romantic sacrifice. Let's be honest, many sacrifices are also the fruit of ignorance or miscalculation, of mistakes that turn out to be playable or even winning. My classification is much simpler and I hope it has practical value. Those sacrifices performed during the opening or at the beginning of a middlegame but related to an opening, are associated with that specific opening. Later on, when a position may be reached by several openings, or the opening is not easily recognizable, I went back to the traditional classification by the value of the material investment. In the endgame chapter there are just a few examples of intuitive sacrifices, and there seemed no compelling reason to impose a classification.

How did I ch oos e th e tide of th is book? A day without books is a lost day

-

Kasparov

As you can see in the text above, I had a choice of the adjectives "intuitive", "positional" and "speculative". As applied to the sacrifice, all three mean approximately the same thing: that is, the idea of the sacrifice (which may or may not be backed by some calculation) comes from the subconscious mind, is the fruit of experience and comprehension, and is always combined with a strong desire to get the best out of a given position. In my book Dynamic Chess Strategy, I explained why most of our decisions are intuitive, although our time at the chessboard is almost exclusively dedicated to the concrete calculation of variations. I will not dwell on that, but just bring in a weighty testimony, from the present World Champion, Anand: "It is absolutely certain that if I think, I make mistakes. It happened to me many times. Once I see the right move at a bird's eye view, I don't look for a better one because I'm not going to find it. Generally I see at a glance what is best for my position." I also understood long ago (when I played him in 1 989) and "at a glance" that Vishy is a Capablanca-type player, a "natural player" as used to be said. What a pity that in his match against Kasparov, he let himself be driven by the "Ogre of Baku" to irrational, wild positions, where Garry's super-quick and precise calculation beat down his intuition. A s cientific approach

to intuition

The general definition adopted by neuropsychology for intuition is, "the curious feeling of knowing at a glance if something is good or bad for us". It is difficult to explain those feelings very well, because they are based on emotions we cannot be conscious of. Intuition helps us even in the most complicated situations, whether we realize it or not. Science has for centuries refused to accept information as fact without reasoning or proof. However, intuition does not come from any paranormal phenomena. We get it through experience. It eases our life and saves us precious time. Mutatis mutandis, such things hold true for non-biological functions such as playing chess. My favourite expression is "Intuition = 'Digested' Erudition". Of course, those who advocate calculation as being responsible for ninety-something percent of chess performance are naive. Chess is mostly erudition plus concentration. Chess players think "positionally" rather than relying on exhaustive calculation.

Introduction

11

How to get the most from this book

To obtain the maximum benefit from this book, you should not just "read" it but replay the games on a real board, if possible on two boards (a recommendation of Nimzowitsch), reserving one for the main line and first level analysis only. When it comes to a branching point of sub­ variations, try to memorize the position so you can easily go back to it. Gaze at the positions before sacrifices. Please also consider the opponent's possible counterplay (mentioned above) associated with the sacrifice. If you can follow my advice, your tactical intuition should improve with every step. Choice of games

When I had to choose an example of a theme from several alternatives, I preferred the older (which might have been forgotten by the reader!) rather than the newer. For obvious reasons, I also gave priority to some of my own games, but I tried to avoid self-quoting as much as possible. Content

With a few exceptions, positional pawn sacrifices in the established gambits are not considered in this book. Openings like the King's Gambit, the Benko Gambit and others, where the material is given up very early, have monographs of their own, and became theory long ago. The same policy is applied to other gambits like the NajdorfPoisoned Pawn. The two or three exceptions deal with relatively rare gambits, and lines where sacrifices occur at a later stage of the game. Even if they were popular at some point, and therefore also theory, I tackled some variations which are little covered by specific quality literature. Attitude

In my view, a reader may benefit in equal measure from seeing sacrifices that were actually played, or those that only occurred backstage. I gave the latter almost the same treatment as the former, because I was not aiming to extol the players; the only hero of this book is the "positional sacrifice"! I reckon that this attitude is quite novel and it explains why some of the games or positions presented here do not have a brilliant conclusion and do not immediately seem related to our title. I feel that it is my duty as the author to offer readers a piece of advice regarding their attitude when they play chess. One must continuously evaluate the opponent's counterplay, try to guess his ideas or plans and act accordingly. That makes for keeping good control of the game and is even more important when you are about to initiate a sacrifice. Following your intuitive sacrifice, the opponent should have only mild counterplay or, ideally, none at all. If the strength of the counterplay is a bit higher, we have to make sure that we can control it without deviating too much from our own plans. If the counterplay is alarming, the probability of an intuitive sacrifice succeeding is low, and if we feel that we should have something, it is better to look for a sham sacrifice. Otherwise, forget it altogether and go back to defence!

12

Positional Chess Sacrifices Pre-game bullet points

I chose not to write an introduction to every game, as the reader will already know its approximate theme based on the classification of the chapter title. Some chapters have also been divided into sub-sections. Instead of a traditional introduction I decided to whet the reader's appetite by listing two or three bullet points indicating the most noteworthy moments of the game, some of which occur in the annotations. In-game analysis

When annotating a chess game, one must strive for a balance between concrete analysis and explanatory prose. The appropriate balance will depend partially on the intended audience, as well as on what the author is trying to achieve. For this book I have leaned towards the side of concrete analysis, in order to reflect the kind of thinking that occurs during a competitive game. Mter reading this book some readers might get the idea that I am obsessed with long variations, which is definitely not the case. It is true that, in several instances, I have analysed well beyond a normal level, and certainly beyond anything that one could expect to foresee at the board. I would rather err on the side of giving too many details than offer just a couple of moves and leave the readers with an evaluation that few, if any of them, are likely to understand. Where applicable, I have continued along a more or less forced sequence, until a final evaluation was easier to accept. I have then continued further only if something interesting or instructive happens. Post-game reflections

During a game, our focus will mainly be on explanations and analysis as described above. Once the game is over, it is time to reflect on the pivotal moments with a view to learning lessons. To this end, I have offered some thoughts regarding the reasons for success or failure, and any other aspect of the game that particularly caught my attention. It is my hope that these musings will contain some practical insights that will enable the reader to improve his own results.

Games annotated in depth There are two categories of games (not mutually exclusive) which have been "obsessively" commented upon: 1) Top-level games, including historic games, which contributed to a significant shift in understanding at the time. Most of them were annotated either quite long ago, or (may I say) more superficially in books, magazines, tournament bulletins, etc. Using the latest technology and directing my comments to the theme of sacrifices, I have tried to bring something new to satisfy even the best-informed readers. 2) Games featuring hot lines of fashionable openings whose intricacies are well known to the author. Here you will find a concentration on the first part of the game, more than might have been expected from the title of the book, but I hope that those interested in such specific openings will be grateful. Discovering the inner logic of a system or variation is useful, even if you don't play that particular system yourself. When there was a choice to be made, I have always chosen the variations charged with potential true sacrifices, whether they were played or not, trying to

Introduction

13

benefit the more enterprising chess players. Computer analysis

It is not a secret that I checked all the variations with computer engines. Most times I "pushed" or "water-tortured" the engine until I got what I wanted, but there were certainly cases when the machine proved "creative" and forced me to follow it. I used the latest versions of the strongest chess engines, generally one at a time; but when analysing very unclear positions, I compared the results of two or three programs until some consensus was reached. My computer is quite strong, but even so some errors in evaluation might have sneaked in. It is not my business to make publicity or counter-publicity for any commercial program (don't worry, I bought the licences!). As a way of showing gratitude for the service that their creators bring to the chess community, I would mention the best "freeware" programs, which helped my analyses significantly, but not before complaining that they froze the system more often than the commercial programs, generating (at best) loss of time. Those engines are "Houdini" and "Fire". During some journeys, continuing to work was only possible on a much weaker machine (a netbook) using "Robbolito", which is the best option for a mono-processor system. In this book, I refer to them all (including the commercial programs) under a generic name such as program, machine, etc. Translation and punctuation

The translation from various languages (especially Russian) represents the author's interpretation, and may not correspond exactly to an accepted English precedent. The parentheses within quoted text, whether in mottos or elsewhere, belong to the author, unless otherwise specified. Quotations

Some chess quotations, used as mottos or morals for the games, were remembered courtesy of J.L. Badillo of chess-poster.com, other were gathered by my friend Joseph Siroker; a book about Murphy's Laws hopefully spiced up comments that might otherwise have been bland; and finally my declining memory contributed a few. It seems that the book's motto belongs to Reuben Fine, although some years ago Spassky told me that one ofTartakower's bons mots made a similar reference to combinations being the "victory of spirit over matter". Notes

In a few cases - four, to be precise - you may see numbers in superscript. These refer to notes of a personal character, or to explanations at a tangent to the subject. The curious may find that content in the appendix at the end of the book. Now, let's go straight to the games, and avoid falling for the folk wisdom:

After all is said and done, a lot more will have been said than done.

Chapter 1

The Open Games In many of the openings and variations featured in this chapter, the shooting starts early and most of the games are decided by tactics, be they intuitive or not. Those who say that chess is 90% (or 95% or 99%!) tactics certainly have in mind the Open Games. Due to their inherent sharpness as well as their primacy in chess history, they are quite theoretically demanding. The possibility of a quick opening of the centre along with the vulnerability of the f7- and f2-sq uares gives rise to a great many gambit and attacking possibilities, and innumerable sacrifices - some of them sham, some genuine - have become "book". The sacrifices in this chapter occur at various stages and involve different amounts of material. Without any better way to classify the material, I have divided the games according to the opening. We will begin with one of the oldest gambits of all, which remains a serious option today.

Evans Gambit The b-pawn is a handy offering if one likes development, airy positions and good control of the centre. Although not entirely correct, it is an enterprising alternative to the boring

Giuoco Piano. The imbalance in material and dynamics is defined very early and the game is prone to combinative play.

No experience is totally wasted. It may always be used as a negative example - Carson's Consolation

Garry Kasparov-Viswanathan Anand Tal Memorial, Riga 1995

The choice of this game was not based on the intuitive pawn sacrifice of Captain Evans, because, as I said in the introduction, my book does not cover those gambits which are long established as opening theory. It was rather to draw the reader's attention to a very "natural" exchange sacrifice, arrogantly rejected by all annotators. That sacrifice, in my view, promises Black satisfactory play. Later in the game, and in real danger, Vishy had another opportunity - giving up two pieces for rook and pawn would have calmed down Garry's attack. Many players lose their way when trying to get off the hook in tough situations, but I am surprised that Anand did, as he is one of the greatest experts, both in tactical and positional sacrifices.

15

Chapter 1 - The Open Games Points to look for in this game:

Pawn sacrifices for initiative - 7.ie2 and 1 5.ih6! • A missed opportunity for the defender to return material - 1 1 ... 0-0!? • Attacking the uncastled king - 1 5.ih6! and 1 8.c5!

•

l .e4 e5 2.tLlf3 tlJc6 3.ic4 ic5 4.b4 i.xb4 5.c3 ie7

A solid approach, second in popularity to the classical 5 ...ia5. Regarding this alternative, I would just mention the game Fischer - Fine, New York (blitz) 1 963, which continued: 6.d4 exd4 7.0-0 dxc3 8.Wb3 We7 9.tt:lxc3 tt:l f6? 1 0.tt:ld5! tt:lxd5 1 l .exd5 tt:le5 1 2.tt:lxe5 Wxe5 1 3.ib2 Wg5 1 4.h4! Wxh4 1 5.ixg7 �g8 1 6.�fe 1 t 'tt> d8 8

7 6

5 4

a

7...exd4

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

Accepting the challenge; 7 ... d6 is just equal. 8.Wfxd4!?

This is White's best try. 8.cxd4 d5 9.exd5 c6 1 O.dxc6 tt:lxc6 1 1 .0-0 tt:lf6 1 2.tt:lc3 0-0 was good for Black in Miettinen - Bekemann, e-mail 20 1 0. 8... tlJf6

Of course, this is the only serious option. Moves like 8 .. .'kt>f8, 8 .. .f6 and 8 ... tt:lc6 are not to be recommended - especially against Kasparov.

'""'Jm·'"·.. '""/'"m•,

3

2

9.e5 tLlc6 I O.Wfh4 a

1 7.Wg3! 1-0

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

6.d4 ttJ a5 7.ie2

An important moment - Kasparov chooses to remain a pawn down in order to maximize his initiative.

Taking back the pawn by 7.tt:lxe5?! does not offer anything: 7 ... tt:lxc4 8.tt:lxc4 d5 9.exd5 Wxd5 1 0.tt:le3 Wa5= The position is equal, but it is the sort of equality where I prefer Black.

10.Wf4 tt:ld5 1 l .'.Wg3 would just be a transposition. lO ... tlJd5 I l .Wfg3

16

Positional Chess Sacrifices

l l g6 ...

Objectively this is good, but for practical purposes it is a bit risky. Curiously, nobody has tried: 1 1 ... 0-0!? Offering an exchange sacrifice to dampen White's initiative. 1 2.�c4 If White takes the exchange immediately with 1 2.�h6 g6 1 3.�xf8 �xf8 1 4.0-0, then Black also obtains sufficient compensation. The following line is not forced, but it shows how play could develop: 1 4 ...�h6 1 5.Ei:d 1 lt:\f4 1 6.Ei:e 1 lt:le6 1 7.�b5 a6 1 8.�xc6 dxc6 1 9.1Mfh4 1Mfxh4 20.lt:lxh4 lt:lc5 2 1.lt:lf3 lt:la4 22.c4 �e6 23.lt:lbd2 'i!fg7 24.h4 b6 25.lt:lg5 �xg5 26.hxg5 lt:lb2 27.lt:le4 lt:lxc4 28.lt:lf6 h6 29.gxh6t 'i!fxh6 30.f4 g5 3 l .g3 'i!fg6 32.'i!ff2 gxf4 33.gxf4 ±>f5 34.±>f3 Ei:d8 35.Ei:ad 1lt:ld2t 36.'i!fe3 lt:lc4t 37.±>f3= 12 ...lt:lb6 1 3.�h6 g6 1 4.�xf8 �xf8 1 4 ... 1Mfxf8 is also possible, for instance 1 5.�b3 a5 1 6.a4 d6 1 7.0-0 �f5 1 8.lt:lbd2 dxe5 19.lt:lxe5 lt:lxe5 20.1Mfxe5 �d6 2 1 .1Mfd4 �c5 22.1Mff4 �d6 23.1Mfd4 Ei:d8 24.1Mfh4 �e7 25.1Mff4 with equality. 1 5.lt:lbd2

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

1 5 ... d5 Not the only playable move. 1 5...lt:lxc4 1 6.lt:lxc4 d6 1 7.exd6 �e6 1 8.dxc7 Wd3 1 9.lt:lfe5 We4t 20.1.Mfe3 Wxg2

2 1.0-0-0 also offers Black roughly equal chances. An example of how play could continue is: 2 l ...Ei:c8 22.Ei:hg1 1Mfxh2 23.Ei:h1 Wg2 24.lt:\xf7 �xf7 25.Ei:dg1 Wd5 (even 25 ...Wxh 1 must lead to a draw, e.g. 26.Ei:xh 1 �xc4 27.Ei:d 1 �e7 28.Ei:d7 'i!ff8 29.1Mfh6t gs 30.1Mfe3=) 26.1Mfh3 �h6t 27.1Mfxh6 Wxc4 28.Ei:h3 lt:le7 29.1Mfxh7t ±>f8 30.Ei:d 1 Wxc7 3 1 .1Mfh6t ±>e8 32.Ei:e3 �e6 33.1Mfg7 Wf4 34.Ei:d2 Wg4 35.\Mff6 Ei:c6 36.Ei:d4 Wg1 t 37.'i!fd2 Wb 1 38.\Mfhst 'i!ff7 39.1Mfh7t ct?f6 4o.Whst 'i!ff7= 1 6.�b5 lt:le7 1 7.h4 lt:lf5 1 8.1Mfg5 f6 19.exf6 1 9.1Mfxf6 �e7 traps the queen. 1 9 ... \Mfd6 20.f7t 'i!fxf7 2 1 .h5 �e7 22.1Mfg4 �f6 23.hxg6t hxg6 24.Ei:h7t lt:lg7 25.�e8t ±>xeS 26.Wxg6t= In all variations after the exchange sacrifice, it seems that White can get a draw practically by force, but no more than that. IfWhite eschews the forcing lines then Black obtains excellent compensation for the exchange, with an extra pawn and a more compact structure, not to mention his two dangerous bishops.

a

b

12.0-0 tLib6

c

d

e

f

g

h

Played in anticipation of being attacked, very much in the style of a strong program. Black had a good alternative in:

17

Chapter 1 - The Open Garnes

b) 1 3 ... d5?! led to success, but only after White later went wrong: 14.lt:lbd2 ( 14.i.b5!) 14 ...i.e6 1 5.!!fd l \Wd7 1 6.lt:le4 0-0-0 17.i.g7 !!hg8 1 8.lt:lf6 i.xf6 1 9.i.xf6 !!de8 20.c4 g5 2 l .!!acl d4 22.lt:ld2 i.f5 23.lt:lb3 lt:la4 24.c5 a6 25.!!c4? (25.lt:lxd4 lt:lxd4 26.i.fl i.e6 27.c6 bxc6 28.!!b l lt:l b6 29.i.xa6t lifb8 30.'1Wc3±) 25 ... d3 26.i.g4 i.xg4 27.!!xd3 \We6 28.!!xa4 '1Wxf6 29.'1Wxg4t \We6 30.h4 '1Wxg4 0-1 Degraeve- Petkov, Saint Aff rique 2009.

1 2 ... 0-0!

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

1 3.c4 Or 1 3.!!dl lt:lb6 14.lt:lbd2 ( 1 4.a4?! d6+) 14 ... d5 1 5.lt:lb3 lt:la4 16.i.d2 a6 1 7.lt:lbd4 lt:lxd4 1 8.cxd4 i.f5 1 9.!!acl lt:lb2 20.!!el b5+ and the knight comes to c4. 1 3 ... lt:lb6 14.lt:lc3 1 4.i.h6 !!e8 1 5.lt:lc3 d6 16.!!ad l i.f5 1 7.lt:lb5 lt:lxe5 1 8.lt:lxe5 i.h4 1 9.lt:lxf7 '1Wf6 20.'1Wf3 \Wxf7+ 1 4 ... d6 1 5.!!dl lt:ld7 1 6.exd6 i.xd6 1 7.i.f4 i.xf4 1 8.'1Wxf4 '1Wf6 19.'1Wd2 !!e8 20.lt:ld5 '1Wd8= White has enough compensation to maintain the balance, but nothing more.

All this is only half true, as Black has a third option: c) 1 3 ...i.f8! 1 4.i.g5 i.e? 1 5.lt:lbd2 i.xg5 1 6.lt:lxg5 d6 and the game is equal. 13 ...d6

Once againl 3 ... 0-0 is good, transposing to the note to Black's 1 2th move. I4J�dl

13.c4

There was much ado in the media about 1 3.i.h6!? which was considered a stronger move, for instance:

a

14 ... �d7

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

This avoids the threat of 1 5.c5 and aims to clarify the tension in the centre.

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

a) 1 3... d6 14.i.b5 and "Black's king cannot easily find shelter in the long term."

However, 14 ... lt:la4! is more precise, controlling three key squares in c5, c3 and b2. For example: 1 5 .i.h6 f6 1 6.i.d3 lt:lc5 ( 1 6 ... lt:lxe5 1 7.lt:lxe5 fxe5 1 8.i.xg6t hxg6 1 9.'1Wxg6t lifd7 20.\Wf5t lt>e8=) 1 7.lt:lc3 lt:lxe5 1 8.lt:lxe5 fxe5+

18

Positional Chess Sacrifices

15.i.h6!

On move 11 we saw Anand rejecting a promising exchange sacrifice which would have enabled him to maintain the balance. A few moves later, Kasparov seizes an opportunity to make a positional sacrifice of his own. Already one pawn down from the opening, he doubles his material investment in order to keep the enemy king pinned down in the centre. 1 5 ... �cxe5 16.�xe5 �xe5

19 ...lbd7! 20.:B:acl lbc5 21.'1Mfe3t We7 22.'1Mfh6 i.e6 23.lbd5 i.xd5 24.cxd5 0-0-0+ I doubt that Garry took more than a few moments to discard this line. He is not the kind of player to trade the initiative for material. The 13th World Champion values activity (or, to use one of my favourite terms, "dynamic potential") much more highly. 17...f6 1 8.c5!

Softening up the d6-pawn while opening the a2-g8 diagonal.

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 a

17.�c3!

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

1 7.i.g7? would be completely the wrong idea. 17 ...i.f6 18.i.xh8 i.xh8 19.l2'lc3 With two pawns for the exchange and excellent control over the dark squares, Black has the makings of an excellent game. The only negative features of his position are his king position and the threat of c4-c5, but he can solve these problems with the help of the following precise sequence:

a

1 8...�f7?

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

After a few imprecise moves Black's position has become difficult, and the text only worsens his situation. I do not want to get too bogged down with deep analysis, so I will just mention that the natural candidates of 18 ...i.f8, 18 ... i.e6 and 18 ...i.d7 all have their drawbacks.

Black's best chance was to return the material, even with a little interest, in order to complete development and activate his rooks. This could have been achieved by means of: 1 8 ...i.f5! 19.'1Mfe3 'i!?f7 20.cxd6 (20.l2Jd5 i.f8; 20.f4 lbg4) 20 ...i.xd6 2 l .f4

Chapter 1 - The Open Games

-� �� ·� �� % .Ji£�-�·

7 8

Post-game reflections

: � �� ���-/ - -��� ��% ���-:.%� �� � � � � ii !� � ,·-������� -if·-­ %,j'/;;

4

�-%

�-'0

"//

� � :� � b

a

c

d

e

f

g

h

2 1 ..:1We7! Black has just enough resources to defend, for instance: 22.1"1xd6! cxd6 23.fxe5 1"1ac8! 24.ltlb5 dxe5 25.ltlxa71"1c7 26.ltlb51"1c6 27.if31"1c5 28.ltlc31"1d8 29.ltle41"1c7 30.idl 1"1d4 3 l .ib3t i> e8 32.ltlg3 ie6= 19.cxd6 cxd6 20.¥Ne3 ltlxh6 21.¥Nxh6 i.£8 22.¥Ne3t i>fi 23.llJd5 i.e6

Black had no real improvement over the past few moves; it is impossible to defend when White is so far ahead in development. Kasparov finds a quick way to kill the game. 8 7 6 5 4

2

Italian Game The Italian Game has many variations which are quite different from one another both in plans and degree of aggressiveness, so I would not attempt to describe its characteristics in overly general terms. However, I would remark that the popularity of this opening is decreasing with time in general and with the strength of the players in particular.

Albert Becker- Imre Korody Keresztely a

b

c

d

24.llJf4! ¥Ne7 25.:Sel

e

f

g

h

After this quiet move, White has too many threats, and so Vishy decided to resign. It is easy to see why: 25 ... ih6 is refuted by 26.ic4, and 25 ...1"1e8 loses to 26.lLlxe6 lM'xe6 27.lM'xe6t 'it>xe6 (or 27 ...1"1xe6 28.ic4+-) 28.ib5t+-. 1-0

Few players in all of chess history are as dangerous as Kasparov when he has given up some material for a dynamic initiative. His 1 5.ih6! pawn sacrifice showed excellent judgement, and with the help of 1 8 .c5! followed by a few more powerful attacking moves, he was able to cause his opponent insurmountable problems. Anand's biggest mistake was failing to take the opportunity to return his extra material in order to dampen White's initiative. The most straightforward way of doing this would have been 1 1 ...0-0!?, but he also had a chance to equalize later with 1 8 ...if5!, although the latrer move necessitated the calculation ofsome difficult variations which would have made it a dangerous proposition over the board.

One doesn't have to play well; it's enough to play better than your opponent - Siegbert Tarrasch

3

1

19

Tatatovaros 1935

Although the open games have a deserved reputation for sacrifices and early bloodshed, they can also give rise to a slower manoeuvring battle. In this game Black declines a typical sacrifice designed to bring White a lead in development and direct attacking chances,

20

Positional Chess Sacrifices

only to be hit with a completely different kind of positional pawn sacrifice. Points to look for in this game:

Pawn sacrifice to block the opponent's position - 7.d6!? • Positional exchange sacrifice - 22.Eixf6! • Tactics in the endgame- 29.c4!?

•

l.e4 e5 2.lLlf3 �c6 3.i.c4 i.c5 4.c3 '\We7?! 5.d4!

Daring Black to take on d4, which would win a pawn but lead to a situation with an open centre, where White would have excellent chances to capitalize on his lead in development. 5 ...!h6

Sensibly refusing the bait, although if this was Black's intention, it begs the question of why the queen went to e7 in the first place.

This type of "obstruction sacrifice" (to use Spielmann's terminology) is more typical of certain variations of Alekhine's Defence, and indeed one incarnation of it can be found in the Bellon Lopez - Kovacevic game beginning on page 60 in Chapter 4. 7...'\Wxd6 8.'\Wxd6 cxd6

So Black has won a pawn, but for the time being his extra pawn on d7 is more of a liability than a strength, as it obstructs his queenside pieces, especially the bishop on c8. Black's position is not so bad, but he will have to play carefully to avoid being caught in a positional bind. In some scenarios he may re-sacrifice his front d-pawn in order to play ... d7 -d6 and renew the harmony in his position. For the time being both sides need to finish developing and find purposeful squares for their pieces.

6.d5

Modern players, such as Anand, have preferred 6.0-0, but best of all might be 6.�g5. 6...� b8

6 ... ltJd8 is probably better. 8 7 6 a

5

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

4

IO.!d5?!

3

The right path was IO.ltJb5! l2lxe4 ( l O .. .'itle7 l l .�g5 a6 1 2.�xf6t gxf6 1 3.l2la3 �c7 1 4.ltJh4 gives White the cruellest ofblockades, similar to that seen in the actual game) l l .l2lg5 l2lxg5 1 2.�xg5 f6 1 3.�e3 �xe3 1 4.fxe3 \t>d8 1 5.l2lxd6 \t>c7 1 6.Eidl ltJc6 1 7.0-0;!; when White has fine positional compensation.

2 1

7.d6!?

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

21

Chapter 1 - The Open Games 10 �c6?! ••.

22 gxf6 23.gf1 f5 24.�xf5 f6 25.E!:f3 �h8 26.e4 .ih7 27.�xd6!? •••

After l O ...lLlxd5 l l .exd5 lLla6 1 2 ..ie3 .ic7 Black can defend successfully, for instance: 13.lLlb5 .ib8 14.lLld2 f5 15.f4 0-0 16.lLlc4 lLlc7 17.lLlbxd6 lLlxd5+ l l .�b5 0-0 12 .ie3!? •

White decides to put development before pawn structure. Note that he is in no hurry to capture the d6-pawn as this would only help Black to unravel his queenside. 12 he3 13.fxe3 � e8 14.0-0 •••

14.0-0-0!? is also possible, with approximately equal position.

an

14 a6 1 5.�a3 gbs

One should always think carefully about taking such a pawn, as its disappearance may facilitate the unblocking of Black's queenside. It turns out that White has a particular idea in mind to justify the decision. 27 .ic8 28.a3 Ei:b6 .••

8 7 6 5 4

•.•

15 ...lLle7!+ would have been better.

3

16.gfl �d8 17.�c4 b5 18.�a5 � e6 19.b4 �6c7 20.�h4 �xd5 21 .exd5 �f6?

Black could still have obtained the better chances with 2 l ...g6 22.e4 f5! 23.exf5 g5! 24.lLlf3 E!:xf5, but he must have completely overlooked the strength of White's next move. 8 7

2 1

a

29.c4!?

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

The amusing resource of trapping the rook in the middle of the board reinforces the blockade. Things are just as they should be, with tactics supporting the strategy. That being said, the prosaic 29.lLlf5 was also strong, the point being that 29 ... d6 can be met by 30.lLle3 followed by c3-c4 when Black's queenside is on the verge of collapse.

6 5 4 3

29 bxc4? •••

2 1

a

22.E!:xf6!

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

This obvious obstruction sacrifice can be viewed as the ultimate triumph of the previous pawn offer, as without the 'dead' pawn on d7 Black's bishop would control the f5-square.

A final mistake in a difficult posmon. Instead the counter-sacrifice 29 ... E!:xd6 30.c5 E!:xd5! (30 ... E!:e6?! 3 l .dxe6 dxe6 32.'kt>f2 should win for White) 3 l .exd5 Wg7 would have given Black a better chance of survival. 30.�axc4 Ei:b8 31.�fl

This is the final move given in the database (instead of the obvious 3 l .lLlxe5), and the game

22

Positional Chess Sacrifices

result is marked as a draw! Sergiu Samarian, who was a well-informed correspondence player and an outstanding coach and writer, also gives 31. 'tt> f2 as the last move, but he says that Black resigned, which is a lot easier to believe. Black is helpless against quiet plans, such as a stroll of the white king to a5, and against many mating ideas as well, for example tt:le3, tt:lef5, :B:g3 and tt:lh6. In the meantime, the e5-pawn is still hanging, and all engines assess White's advantage as the equivalent of a piece up! We shall consider the result as: 1-0 Post-game reflections

This game featured rwo positional sacrifices from White (not including the pseudo­ sacrifice on move 29), both of which were part of an overall strategy based on blockading and dominating the enemy pieces. The restricting pawn sacrifice (7.d6!?) was intended to create a logjam in the enemy queenside. In such cases the side making the sacrifice should anticipate the defender's attempts to break free of his shackles, and prepare suitable countermeasures. See the notes berween moves 10-15 for some variations illustrating this theme. The exchange sacrifice on move 22 was strong for a number of reasons. White damaged his opponent's pawn structure and secured a fantastic outpost for his knight on f5, from which it exerted a powerful influence over both the centre and the kingside. When sacrificing the exchange a key consideration is whether or not the enemy rook(s) will have any useful open files available. In this case the answer was an emphatic "No". Factor in White's sounder pawn structure, better piece coordination and safer king, and it is hardly surprising that the exchange sacrifice was a resounding success.

King's Gambit It is time to move on to the most romantic of gambits, which was the cornerstone of many a player's repertoire in the 19th century. In most other open games Black can choose his reaction from quiet to sharp, but against the King's Gambit he has no choice but to roll up his sleeves and prepare for a fight. The opening has dwindled in populariry and yet it continues to attract a loyal band of followers, and has even been used at the highest levels by Carlsen (once!) and Nakamura. Some players thrive on intense battles and (to them) a victory with the King's Gambit is worth three with the Queen's Gambit. [Note to censor: No male chauvinism here, please learn the game!]

You cannot escape the thing you are afraid of­ Romanian proverb

Jacob Morey - Boris Nikitiny h USSR 1 97 1

Points to look for i n this game: • •

•

Pawn sacrifice for development - 8.f5! Using tactics to optimize development 12.tt:lf4! Smashing through the defences 14.tt:lxg6!

l .e4 e5 2.£4 d5 3.exd5 e4 4.d3 exd3?!

Black would have been better offmaintaining the tension and developing a piece with 4 ... tt:lf6. The resulting positions are interesting to study, but I won't say any more about the theory of the King's Gambit here, as it just so happens the chief editor at Qualiry Chess is writing a monograph on it.

23

Chapter 1 - The Open Games 8 7

1. •J.. �•m��.� ,�- , •• -

���"� ���� : �-������ " ll%l m '• & ��-� -----;� �� ��-� ������ ���If� �[j � �"if� -- �� "� "� � -

6

,

3 �

2

a

c

b

7... tlJh6?!

d

e

f

h

g

White has achieved a conspicuous advantage in development, yet his piece placement is a bit awkward. Black could have overcome his lag in development by precise play: 7 ... tt:Jf6 8.f5 '1Wb6 9.if4 id7 10.'1Wd2 lLlc6 1 1.0-0-0 0-0-0

'

i.�J.. em -,�-,�.� , .,,;_��� � " ��- "� " "� ���� : �����-� � %"/����� ��j,• ��-�-----; � �� ��-'l; ��-��[j �l[jlf� � �v��� �

8

6 7

3 �

2

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

Although this particular variation of the King's Gambit is rarely seen, the intuitive sacrifice of the f-pawn is fully in keeping with the tradition ofWhite's opening. The pawn on f4 was obstructing three of White's pieces, so the decision to sacrifice it speaks for itself. 9 ... tlJe3

Black buys himself a tempo to arrange castling, but in doing so he allows White to exchange the undeveloped bishop on c 1, further increasing his development advantage. I O.�xe3 �xe3t l l .�hl �d6 12.tlJf4! 0-0

Taking the knight would cost Black his queen. a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

The position is approximately equal. The reader may appreciate that in this variation the advanced f-pawn is something of an inconvenience for White. 8.£5!

Black's last move was intended to stop the f-pawn going further, but it has the opposite effect!

.

8 .. tlJxf5 9.0-0 a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

24

Positional Chess Sacrifices

In just six moves the situation has changed dramatically. White has kept a big lead in development, but more importantly he has achieved optimal piece coordination and set up a mating attack which will quickly decide the game. 13 g6 ..•

1 3... h6 14.lDcd5 'IM!d4 1 5.c3 is winning.

Latvian Gambit This is an ambitious attempt by Black to fight for the initiative from the second move, but it is too optimistic and has almost been refuted by today's programs.

By consulting enough experts, one mayjustifY any opening- paraphrasing Hiram's Law.

Pablo Atars - Hans Tomson

14.lLlxg6! fXg6 1 5.i.xg6 hxg6 16.W!'xg6t �h8 17.t!Jd5 gxflt I S.gxfl Wfe2 19.W!'h6t �g8 20.tLlf6t

Correspondence 1973

Points to look for in this game: •

•

•

Sacrificing a rook for an attack with 8.ixg6!? Excessive greed meets with swift punishment - 1 1 . . .'1Mfxa 1 ? Beauty behind the scenes - 1 2. . .id6 1 3.'1Mfc5!!

l .e4 e5 2.t!Jf3 f5 3 ..ic4

The strongest continuation is 3.lDxe5!. a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

Black resigned as he is about to be mated by force: 20 ... c;t>f7 2 1 .'1Mfh7t c;t>eG 22.'1Mfg8t c;t>e7 23.'1Mfe8#

3 ...fXe4 4.t!Jxe5 '1Mfg5

Black doesn't play the strongest opening moves either; better is 4 ... d5.

1-0 Post-game reflections

Murey's 8.f5! was a good example of the kind of positional sacrifice that would be made almost automatically by a grandmaster. There was no need to calculate more than a few moves ahead, as it was obvious that White's lead in development would be the deciding factor in such an open position with the black king so far from safety. 5.d4!?

Chapter 1

-

5.ltJf7 wins material and should be good for White, but in practice Black's results have been outstanding. 5 . Wfxg2 6.Wfh5t g6 7..if7t d8? 13.We5 is a similar story.

26

Positional Chess Sacrifices

The best chance was 12 ...i,d6, after which White would have had to find the attractive 13.�c5!! i,xf4 14.tt:lb5t xd7 15.�f5t and mate in two. 13.YMf5t i>ds I4.YNxf8t i>d7 I5.YNe8# 1-0 Post-game reflections

This short game was far from perfect, but still it highlighted the theme of material versus development in its purest form. In the final position Black was two rooks ahead, but he found himself mated with only his queen being developed, and even then she was nowhere near the defence of her king. Let us also not forget that Black could have improved on various turns, most notably on move 9 with 9 ...�xc l when White is more or less forced to accept a draw by perpetual check. In this case the queen would have made a 'greedy' move, but the difference is that the bishop is a vital attacker, unlike the rooks which were not in a position to threaten anything.

Vas sil y l vanchuk - Evg eny Bareev Linares 1 993

Points to look for in this game:

Black wastes time and weakens his light squares with 1 2 ... b6?! • A far-sighted exchange sacrifice - 15.hxg4! • Restricting the enemy pieces - 18.g3 and 20.g5! •

I .e4 e5 2.tLlf3 tiJf6 3.tLlxe5 d6 4.tlJf3 tLlxe4 5.d4 d5 6..id3 .id6

The main line nowadays is 6 ... tt:lc6 7.0-0 i,e? 8.c4 tt:l b4 9.i,e2 0-0 10.tt:lc3 i,f5 with a small plus for White. 7.0-0 0-0 8.c4 c6

Petroff D efence A modest option, but solid for an open game. Its fame as a drawing platform for Black is a bit overshadowed today by the Berlin Wall variation of the Ruy Lopez. Most lines of the Petroff Defence, known also as the Russian Defence, confront White with the difficult task of extracting an advantage out of a symmetrical structure. A player surprised is half beaten

-

Proverb

a

9.cxd5!

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

Earlier in the same tournament, against the same opponent, Gata Kamsky had tried 9.tt:lc3 and the game continued 9 ... tt:lxc3 10.bxc3 dxc4 l l .i,xc4 i,g4 12.�d3 tt:ld7 with dynamic equilibrium. Vassily avoids this variation by first exchanging the c-pawns. 9 ... cxd5 IO.�c3 tLlxc3 l l.bxc3 .ig4

This is perhaps too early. The bishop sortie leaves several squares and pawns on the

Chapter 1

-

27

The Open Games

queenside unprotected. Here I go along with the instructional books that recommend developing the knights first. 12J�bl 8 7 6

c

d

e

f

g

1 4.l'!xd5 ixh2t 1 5.ll'lxh2!+-

4

h

14.h3 a6

3

1 4 ...ih5 is no good due to 1 5 .c4±.

2 1

b

a

5

a

c

b

12...b6?!

d

e

f

g

h

1 2 ...�c7? is even worse: 1 3.ixh7t 'tt>xh7 1 4.ll'lg5t+The best option was: 1 2 ... ll'l d7 1 3.h3 ( 1 3.l'!xb7? lt'lb6 traps the rook) 1 3 ... ih5 1 4.l'!b5 lt'lb6 1 5.c4! ixf3 1 6.�xf3 dxc4 17.ic2 �d7 1 8 .a4

Black's hopes of escape were based on the intermediate pawn move with a view to driving the enemy rook away, but an unpleasant surprise awaits him. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 a

15.hxg4! a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

1 8 ... g6 (not 1 8 ...ic7 1 9.l'!c5 id6, when White has yet another true exchange sacrifice with 20.a5!;!;) 1 9.ie3 l'!ac8 20.l'!fb I� 13J�b5! .ic7

Against 1 3 ... a6 (and 1 3 ... ll'lc6) White gets a winning advantage with:

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

White will gain a pawn for the exchange, he has the positional plus of the two bishops, and the g4-pawn could play an important role in the ensuing kingside attack. Moreover, something is terribly wrong in the deployment of Black's forces; they are getting in each other's way and not a single piece is on an ideal post. This sacrifice had already been played a few times in the preceding two years, and Bareev's

28

Positional Chess Sacrifices

willingness to allow it may be an indication that he believed that Black's defence could be improved. 15 ... axb5 16.'?Nc2 g6

A bad omen and an acknowledgement that Black's position is hopeless. The defence is going to collapse soon and what follows resembles an execution. 22.tLlh2 '?Nf8 23.tLlg4 i.d6 24.g2 hs 25.l3hl '?Ng7 26.l2Jf6 h5 27.'?Ndl 1-0

8 7 6

Post-game reflections

5 4 3 2 1

2I. .. l2Jb8

a

b

17.!xb5!

c

d

e

f

g

h

1 7.�h6 had been played in nearly all of the previous games. Instead of waiting for his opponent's improvement, Chucky is first to alter the course of the game; a frequent policy between top players. It certainly seems that he took Bareev by surprise. There is a proverb, "It's never too late to mend" - but in this case, it is too late. 17 '?Nd6 18.g3 l3a7 19.l3el tLld7 20.g5! •..

It is remarkable that Black had to resign barely ten moves after the positional exchange sacrifice took place. There did not appear to be any direct threats, and yet lvanchuk was able to crush his opponent almost effortlessly. The key to his victory was the way he was able to restrict his opponent's pieces, especially the knight which had to make a most humiliating retreat to b8. Once lvanchuk had positioned his pieces on their best squares, he turned his attention to Black's kingside weaknesses and won effortlessly. Staying with the Petroff, in the following game we can see how a coffee-house sacrifice looks in the hands of two super-grandmasters. To err is human, but itfeels divine - Mae West

Gaining space and preventing ... tt'lf6.

Veselin Topalov-Vladimir Kramni.k

20 13d8 21.a4

Linares I 999

•..

8

Points to look for in this game:

7

A cheeky opening sacrifice - 4.tt'lxf7!? White misses a chance for a dangerous attack - see 1 1 .0-0! in the notes • Sometimes pawn-grabbing can be a good thing - see 1 9 tt'lxc2!? and 2 1 ..."Wxc2! in the notes •

6

•

5 4

. . .

3 2 1

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b

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e

f

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Chapter 1 - The Open Games l .e4 e5 2.ltl£3 �f6 3.ltlxe5 d6 8 7

i. •..t�-� �·----- -% -,�--�.i ,

� " lJ!J "lJ!Jj}!Jj}!J"•j}!J•f "�f lJ!J

6 5

4 j}!J�·�-� lJ!J·�,��'-��j}!J�lJ!J 3

2 1

� � -�

A � t,?l� A � '£fl� o �o% c..:u-o% -

�Wfl-��

A

�Wfl'

f

g

h

-�

z-o% o z-o

�lh·m�=�--� a

4.�xf7!?

b

c

d

e

Commenting on this game for ChessBase, GM Blatny says, "Certainly, this sacrifice is not entirely correct, so we again have to admire Topalov's bravado, this time facing one of the most solid players of our days." This gambit, blunder, true sacrifice or whatever, is over 1 50 years old and the quantity of analysis surrounding it is the envy of many serious variations. In contrast to some of the other games in this book, I will not insist on giving many opening variations, because I think and hope that none of them is really important to the reader. The game entered my collection as a curiosity rather than as study material. Besides achieving two central pawns and making the enemy king insecure for a while, the piece sacrifice does not ensure the lead in development that is so characteristic of most gambits. And yet it is playable, until there is irrefutable proof to the contrary!

29

6..ic4t .ie6 7.Le6t 'it>xe6 8.d4 'it>f7!? 9.dxc5 ltlc6 lO.Wfe2!?

Rather than takes pawns, each player tries to outsmart the other in development. 10...Wfd7

- )1 _I ' m1rm•- ' � 411 �� • �

s i, �

7

�

j}!J� "lJ!J , lJ!J lJ!J 4 lJ!Jft��'u��!ulJ!J �� '•8·'·'� --% - -% � �= -� 6 5

3

2 1

a

c

b

l l .J.e3?!

d

e

f

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h

Until now, the play had been following the machines' recommendations. It is curious that neither Topalov nor the annotators looked at the most natural move here: 1 1 .0-0! White may succeed in turning his dubious true sacrifice into a draw-in-the-pocket one. l l ... dxc5 l l ...Wfe6!? 1 2.f4 d5 1 3.t>h l dxe4 1 4.f5 is extremely sharp, but White isn't worse. 1 2.e5 tt::l g4 1 3.tt::l e4 tt::l d4 14.Wfc4t 'tt> e8 15J&el Wfb5 16.Wfd5 E&d8 1 7.tt::l d6t i.xd6 1 8.exd6t tt::l e2t 1 9.E&xe2t Wfxe2 20.i.e3 'tt>d7 2 l .E&dl tt::l e 5 22.Wfxb7t

4... 'it>xf7 5.ltlc3 c5

As in the Sicilian, the purpose of this move is to split the mass of white pawns which tend to occupy the centre. Perhaps it is not the best move, but it is the safest. a

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30

Positional Chess Sacrifices

Black must choose between allowing a perpetual or being mated. Please bear in mind that this line of analysis comprises the best moves in defence, which in this specific situation are far more difficult to find than the best attacking moves. 1 1 ...dxc5 12.£4 E:e8 13.e5 ttlg4 14.E:d1 VBf5 1 5.0-0 h5! 16..icl �d4 17.YBc4t g7 39.l'!f4+-. 31. ..\Wds

Black decides to prolong his agony. 32.g6

3 2 1

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37.tt:lxf6! \Wc6t 38.\Wg2

Black resigned here, without testing further the technique of a player who missed the title of World Champion by a whisker. For example, 38 ...Wxg2t 39. i>xg2 gxf6 40.l'!e7 \t>g8 4 l .g7 l'!f7 42.l'!e8t. 1-0 Post-game reflections

This game made a striking visual impression thanks to White's marauding pawn mass. Black spent most of the game with an extra piece, but he never found a way to put it to use. The key mistake was 1 0 . . . c5?, which set the tone for the rest of the game by making it hard for Black to mount any counterattack against the central pawn wedge.

Chapter 2

The Ruy Lopez The Ruy Lopez is one of the oldest openings, and it remains the most popular l .e4 e5 opening by far. This is explained by its complexity and inner logic for both sides (everything revolves around the central squares) and by the possibility of building up an idea step by step. The slow but sure improvement of the position with every move in many closed (and long) variations provoked Tartakower to call it the "Spanish Torture". It has numerous variations, and something to fit both sides' every taste: quick, slow, open, closed, gambit variations and everything in between.

Th e Marshall Attack When discussing sacrifices in the context of the Ruy Lopez, one cannot help but think of this most enduring of opening gambits. Even though it is backed by a truckload of theory nowadays, I would still regard it as an intuitive sacrifice, as Black commits himself to an ongoing material deficit with no clear resolution in sight. Investigating long theoretical lines is not the aim of this book. Fortunately a number of 'clones' or offshoots of the Marshall have become quite popular against anti-Marshall systems, so I'll tackle one of these.

There is no limit to how bad things may get Hane's Law

-

Ivan C h epari nov- D avi d Navara European Team Championships, Crete 2007

Points to look for in this game: •

• •

The 'delayed Marshall' - . . . d7-d6 followed by ... d6-d5 Sacrificing the e5-pawn with . . . li::l d4 Using tactics to dampen the opponent's initiative - see 1 9.'Wg4! in the notes

l .e4 e5 2.tLlf.3 tL!c6 3 ..ib5 a6 4..ia4 tL!f6 5.0-0 .ie7 6J�el b5 7..ib3 0-0

The Ruy Lopez is much too analysed nowadays, so I won't risk entangling myself (and the reader) by commenting on the opening moves, other than mentioning that the variation played by White is intended to avoid the dangerous Marshall Attack. 8.h3 .ib7 9.d3 d6 IO.a3 Wfd7 I l .tlJc3 gfeS 12.a4 b4 13.tLle2 d5 14.exd5 tL!xd5 15.tLlg3 iffi

Chapter 2

-

37

The Ruy Lopez

24.ixf6 Wfxf6 25.Wfe2 g6 26.Wlg4 id6 27.lt:le4 Wlf4! 28.Wfxf4 Y2-Y2 Grischuk Leko, Mexico City 2007. 22.ia4 Wld6 23.lt:le4 ixe4 24.dxe4 E:e6 25.id2 This led to a draw in Karjakin - Onischuk, Foros 2007. 16...a5 17.i.a2

White's play is designed to inhibit ... lt:ld4. a

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16..id2!?

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This was a novelty. Finishing development can't be that bad! The other two games played at a high level have featured: 1 6.a5 This is logical, but it loses time and allows a true pawn sacrifice. 1 6... lt:ld4

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17 ... c!Lld4?!

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In spite of the discouragement, Navara goes for it anyway. We have a true pawn sacrifice, similar to the two games quoted above. In this position it is less j ustified, but it has great psychological value. 1 8.�xe5 Wfd6

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1 7.lt:lxd4 This has been White's choice in practice. 17.lt:lxe5 Wfd6 1 8 .lt:lc4 E:xe l t 1 9.Wfxel Wlg6 20.Wle4 (20.ia4 b3! is given by Leko) 20 ... lt:lxb3 2 l .cxb3 Wfc6 22.Wff3 E:e8 23.ie3 Wlb5 gives Black compensation for the pawn. 1 7 ...exd4 1 8.E:xe8 E:xe8 1 9.id2 lt:l f6 20.ig5 Wlc6 2 l .Wlfl tt:ld7 Or 2 1 ...Wld6 22.E:el E:e5 23.E:xe5 Wlxe5 a

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38

Positional Chess Sacrifices

19.c!Llf3?!

This loses the advantage, which could have been maintained by: 19.'1Wg4! c5 ( 1 9 ... lt'lxc2 loses to 20.lt'lf5, while the exchanges after 1 9 ... E:xe5 20.'1Wxd4 would emphasize White's superiority) 20.lt'lf5±

The optimist thinks this is the best ofall possible worlds. The pessimistfears it is true. J. Robert Oppenheimer.

Constanti n Lupulescu Mi hai Suba -

Eforie Nord 2007

19 J:hel t 20.�xel c!Llf4 2l.c!Llxd4 V;Yxd4 22.V;Yg4 E:e8 ••

Points to look for in this game:

A curious regrouping - 3 ...'1We7!? and ... lt'ld8 • An 'ugly' move to stabilize the centre - 7 .. .f6! in the notes • A fine positional pawn sacrifice - 8.c5! •

8 7 6 5

l .e4 e5 2.c!Llf3 c!Llc6 3.�b5 V;Ye7!?

4 3

8

2

7 a

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The opening phase of the game is over; for further adventures in the middlegame go to page 327. The next game starts with what I have dubbed the Father Joseph Variation, named in honour of my friend Joseph, who showed this strange line to me over forty years ago. It is known as such by my students and many chess fans in Spain; of course, I tell them the name translated as "Papa Jose". I play this scheme frequently against computer programs, and always emerge from the opening slightly better. The system thwarts a simplistic human approach to development, and such an approach, translated into algorithms, is precisely the "logic" of a program. I would like to use this digression to hint at how development is often wrongly defined as the "number of moves", irrespective of their usefulness, purposefulness, aggressiveness, etc.

6 5 4 3 2 1

4.0-0

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Against Black's 'extravagant' play, the most annoying is: 4.lt'lc3 lt'ld4? As far as I could remember my analysis, after 4 ... lt'ld8 5.lt'ld5 '!Wd6 6.d4 c6 7.dxe5 '!Wb8 8.j,e2 (or 8.j,d3) 8 ... cxd5 9.exd5 j,c5 White has good compensation for the piece, but in my opinion nothing more. Unfortunately, when my opponent played his 4th move I saw a ghost after 4 ... lt'ld8 5.d4 c6 6.dxe5 cxb5 7.lt'ld5 '!Wc5 8.j,e3 '!Wc4 9.b3 j,b4t 1 0.c3 j,xc3t l l .lt'ld2 '!Wc6 1 2.E:c l .

Chapter 2 - The Ruy Lopez

39

8

7 6

5

4 3

2

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It seemed to me that Black's position was lost. And so it happened that during the panic about what 4th move to choose, I replaced a move that seems bad, by one that is losing by force! In reality, after 1 2 ... b4 1 3.lt:lxb4 .ixb4 1 4J�xc6 lt:lxc6 Black has a rook and two pieces for the queen, and his only problem is to consolidate the material advantage. 5.lt:\d5 1Mfd8 6.lt:\xd4 exd4 7.1Mfh5! Threatening a lethal check on e5. Black already has no good defence.

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•..

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A natural alternative is: 6 ..ic4 d6 7.b3!? Most programs play: 7.lt:\c3 g6 8.dxe5? dxe5 8 ..ig5? f6 Thank you! 9 ..ie3 .ih6 I O ..ixh6 lt:\xh6 1 1 .1Mfd2 lt:\hf7 1 2.E:ad l mf8 With respect to the pawn structure, Black's cavalry is more suitably placed then White's. 7 ... lt:\f6 8.E:el 1Mlc7 9 ..ib2 lt:\ d7 1 0.lt:\h4 g6 l l .g3 .ie7 1 2.lt:\g2 lt:\b6 1 3.lt:\d2 0-0 14 . .id3 ltJ e6 1 5 .lt:\ f3 .if6

h

7 ....id6 8.e5 g6 9.1Mff3 .ie7 1 O ..ic4 f5 l l .d3 c6 1 2.0-0 .if8 1 3.lt:\f6t lt:\xf6 14 ..ig5 d5 14 ....ie7 1 5.exf6 .ixf6 1 6.1Mfe2t mf8 1 7 . .ih6t .ig7 1 8.1Mle5!+1 5 ..ixf6 White converted his advantage into a win in Kurnosov - Suba, Bucharest 2008. 4 lt:\d8 5.d4 c6

6.i.d3

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1 6.dxe5? In such positions, releasing the tension in the centre is a mistake, as White cannot use the d-file. 1 6 ...dxe5 1 7.lt:\e3 .ig7 1 8 .a4 a5 19.lt:\g4 f6 20.lt:\d2 E:d8 2 1 .1Mlf3 1Mff7 22.lt:\c4 lt:\g5 23.1Mfe2 lt:\xc4 24 ..ixc4 .ie6 25 ..ixe6 1Mfxe6

40

Positional Chess Sacrifices

The threat of 26 ... E:d2 wins Black an important tempo. 26.i.cl lLlxe4 27.'1Wxe4 f5+ Black went on to win in Rodriguez Guerrero - Suba, Granada 2006. White has a third option in 6.i.a4!?, which has given him good results and might be strongest. 6...d6 7.c4 g6?!

Underestimating my opponent's idea. Holding the e5-square is a key objective for Black in many Ruy Lopez variations, the more so when White has a substantial lead in development. With this in mind, it would have been better to play 7 .. .f6! with the idea of ... g6 and ... i.h6.

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This intermediate move was of course anticipated, although it seems that Black will be swept off the board. The opening phase of the game is over; for further adventures in the middlegame go to page 328. In the next game we will see how even the supposedly dull Exchange Variation can give rise to an early conflict with difficult challenges for both sides.

Everything that begins well will end badly, and everything that begins badly will end even worse - Rowe's Rule

O skar Piotrowski Jerzy S okol ow -

Correspondence 1 97 1

8.c5!

Sacrificing a pawn to destabilize Black's centre and open lines of attack.

Points to look for in this game:

An unexpected refusal to recapture 1 6 ...'1Wf4!? • A crushing exchange sacrifice - 18 ... E:xd4! •

8...exd4 9.cxd6 YMxd6 10.e5 YMd5 l l.ltl bd2 .ig4!

Less appetizing is l l ...i.f5 1 2.i.c4! ( 1 2.i.xf5 gxf5 is good for Black) 1 2 ...'\Wd? 1 3.a4, which gives White a lot of play for his sacrificed pawn. 12..ic4 .ixf3! 13.YMb3

l .e4 e5 2.ltlf3 ltlc6 3 ..ib5 a6 4..ixc6 dxc6 5.0-0 .ig4 6.h3 h5 7.d3 VMf6 s.ltlbd2

Chapter 2 - The Ruy Lopez

41

A most unexpected move, which provokes an immediate crisis. Even though Black is sacrificing a mere pawn - and then only temporarily - the text move is actually rather striking, as Black is resisting the almost reflex action of recapturing the pawn on e5.

a

b

8...b5?!

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8 ... g5 9.b3 ixf3 l OJWxf3 Wxf3 l l .lt:lxf3 f6= 9J�el i.c5 IO.c3 E:dS I l .Wfc2 lLle7 12.b4 .ia7 13 .ib2 •

1 3.a4± was a bit better.

Although the game continuation contains some instructive value and led to a quick success for Black, it should be mentioned that the more 'normal' 1 6 ... lt:lxe5 1 7.c4 l'!xd2! 1 8 .Wxd2 lt:lxf3t 1 9.gxf3 Wxh4 ensures some advantage for Black. The text move keeps the tension and sets a nasty tactical trap, although I was under the impression that such ploys were not supposed to work in correspondence chess. 17.llJd4 �xh4 1 8.g3??

I was wrong, they do!

13 ...�g6 14.d4 �f4 1 5.h4?!

The last chance to keep a slight advantage was 1 5.l'!e3!±.

Mter 1 8 .l'!e3 Wg5 1 9.l'!g3 Wxe5 20.lt:lfl l'!d6 2 1 .lt:le3 l'!g6 White is a bit worse, but he is still in the game.

1 5 ... �g6 16.dxe5

A key moment in the game. How many of us would pick up our knight and take back on e5 without thinking here?

1 8... l'!xd4! 19.cxd4

Or 1 9.gxf4 l'!xd2 20.Wxd2 lt:lf3t-+. a

16...Wff4!?

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19...Wfxd2 20.Wfxc6t i.d7 2I.WiaSt f2 �e4! 1 7.fxe4 lt:'lxe5 1 8.dxe5 Wxe5. Black has two pawns for a piece, a sounder pawn structure and a safer king, which adds up to fair compensation. After the game continuation his position should be worse. 15.dxe5hc3t 16.bxc3�xc3t 17.g3 l'!xe2 2 1 .tt:lxe2 '!Wxf6 22. '1Wxf7 23.tt:ld4±

�

18 �xg4t 1 8 ...l'!d2 1 9.fxg6 transposes to the previous note and may have been objectively stronger, but the text move ended up working to Black's advantage in the game. •..

53

Post-game reflections This was rather a messy game, with numerous errors from both sides. Early in the game Black failed to play the troublesome ....ia3! move, and I would advise the reader to make a mental note of this trick as the same idea can crop up in several different openings. Shortly after, we reached a thematic situation for the Scandinavian where Black was forced to sacrifice his trapped bishop for a few pawns. There are no hard and fast rules about the best way to give up this piece, bur the game and notes pointed out the kinds of resources available to both sides in these positions. In the next game, another Scandinavian Defence, the story does not end as happily for Black.

Robert Fischer -William Addison a

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19.fxg4? A serious error of judgement. White should have preferred 1 9.'it>g3! l'!d2 20.'\Wel tt:lxe5 2 l ..id3 tt:lxd3 22.tt:lxd3 '!Wxc2 23.tt:lf4± when his extra piece gives him good winning chances. 19 l'!d2+ White will get a rook and two pieces for a queen, but his weak king and numerous loose pawns swing the balance in Black's favour. .•.

20.gxf7?! 20.l'!ael was a better chance. 20... gxe2t 2 1.he2 ¥Mxe5? 2 l ...l'!f8! would give a decisive advantage. 22.c;t>f3? The last mistake; the position can be held with 22.tt:ld3 '!Wf6t 23.'it>g2 '!Wxf7 24.l'!ael+. 22 gf8 23.i.c4 gxf7 0-1 .•.

Palma de Mallorca 1 970

Points to look for in this game: A risky pawn grab - 7 ....ixc2 A powerful light-square strategy beginning with 1 2.d5! • An exchange sacrifice to end all resistance - 2 l .l'!xd5!

• •

l.e4 d5 2.exd5 ¥Mxd5 3.�c3 YMdS A reliable but slightly passive alternative to the main line of 3 ... Wa5 and the currently fashionable 3 ...'\Wd6!?. 4.d4 lLlf6 5.i.c4 i.f5?! Safer is 5 ... c6. 6.¥Mf3 YMcs Black could have considered sacrificing a pawn with 6 ... e6!? 7.'1Wxb7 tt:lbd7 8 ..ib3 .id6 9.tt:lf3 0-0, when he has healthy development

54

Positional Chess Sacrifices

and a generally harmonious position, although it probably does not quire amount to full compensation.

1 4 ... 0-0! 1 5.tLlxc7 .ixd6 1 6.tt:lxa8 '1Wxa8 1 7.l'!fdl '1Wb8 1 8.h3 e4;!;

7.�g5! Fischer sacrifices a pawn in order to maximize his attacking chances. Every piece will be deployed on its most active position, and no time will be wasted. 7...Lc2 This move is playable bur it loses time and opens avenues for the white pieces. More circumspect is 7 ....ig6 8.tt:lge2 tt:lbd7 9.0-0 e6 l O.l'!fel .id6 l l .tLlf4;!;. a

SJ'�cl �g6 9.lt�ge2 White is not in a hurry to force anything. Instead he finishes mobilizing his pieces and challenges Black to do the same. 9 ... tLlbd7 10.0-0 e6 1 0 ... tt:lb6 l l ..ib3 c6 was a better defensive try although 1 2.'1We3;!; still gives White the upper hand. l l .�xf6! This poses an interesting dilemma to Black. l l...gxf6 An interesting exchange sacrifice could have kept White's advantage within reasonable limits: l l ...tt:lxf6 1 2.d5 e5 1 3.tLlb5 .ic5 1 4.d6

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1 2.d5! This forces Black to make important positional concessions on the light squares. 12 ...e5 13.�b5 �e7 1 3 .. .f5 1 4.h4 h5 1 5.tLlg3± 14..!ilg3 a6 15.�d3 Wfds 16.h4 h5 17.�f5 8 7 6 5

4 3

2 1 a

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17... tLlb6 Black cannot break the strong grip on the light squares, which is practically suffocating him. For example: 1 7 ... �f8 1 8.l'!fd l �g7 1 9.tt:lce4 tt:lb6 20.l'!xc7 '1Wxc7 2 l .d6 and White's advantage is nearly decisive.

55

Chapter 3 - The Semi-Open Games

18.�ce4 �xd5? Black could have survived for longer with 1 8 ... tt:lc8 1 9.!l:c3 tt:ld6, although his position is still unenviable. 19JUdl c6 20.�c3 Wfb6 8 7 6 5

4

Post-game reflections Black's problems in the above game were not the result of a single blunder, but rather an accumulation of small mistakes. The slightly unfortunate combination of 3 ... Wd8 and 5 ...i.f5?! gave White an early initiative, and the subsequent decision to grab a pawn with 7 ...i.xc2 left Black some way behind in development. Even then his position was far from hopeless, and just as we have seen in several other games, he could have kept a playable position by making a material sacrifice of his own with l l . tt:lxf6!. Once he missed that opportunity, Fischer developed a horrible clamp on the light squares and Black had practically no chance to save himself. .

3

2 a

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2l .:i!hd5! Leading to an instant kill. 21...cxd5 22.�xd5 Wfxb2 23J��bl Wfxa2 24.�xb7 1-0

.

Chapter4

Alekhine's Defence The idea of Alekhine's Defence is to tempt White into advancing several pawns in the centre. Then Black can attack them more easily with his pawns and pieces, because when the enemy is closer, the punch is stronger. I call this a "trench warfare" policy. In the sixties and seventies, the Four Pawns Attack was relatively popular, and this often allowed Black a strong counterattack. In more recent decades there has been a change of approach by White - instead of gambling for a big advantage and risking being crushed, he is happy with a small but steady edge. This approach has made the Alekhine less attractive for Black and its popularity in tournament practice has diminished; nowadays it is mainly used as a surprise weapon. 7he truth always wins... in three cases out of seven - Alley's Axiom

Thomas Casper - Heckert East German Championship 1 975

Points to look for in this game: Four queens on the board after just seven moves! • Excessive greed from Black - 7 ...'Wxa2?! • White's lead in development proves decisive •

l.e4 tbf6 2.tbc3 d5 3.e5 d4 4.exf6 dxc3 8 7 6 5

4 3 2 a

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5.d4? The normal continuation is 5.fxg7 cxd2t 6.'Wxd2 (Slightly worse is 6 ..ixd2 .ixg7 7.'Wf3 .ixb2 8.fi:d l 'Wd4 9.tt:le2 'Wf6+ although, oddly enough, White has a healthy plus score from this position. Perhaps the unbalanced pawn structure stimulates the attacker's imagination!) 6 ... 'Wxd2t 7 ..ixd2 .ixg7 8.0-0-0 with a minimal advantage for White. 5 ...cxb2 6.fxg7 bxal='l;V 6 ...ixg7! 7 ..ixb2 c5 is a safe way for Black to secure an edge. .

7.gxh8='l;V

57

Chapter 4 - Alekhine's Defence

s��.!.St!��ii

However, Black could have obtained better defensive chances with 9 ... e6 1 0.j,d3;!;.

6

1 o.i.d2 V;Vad5 l l .i.c4 V;Ve4t Amazingly, Black has made nine out of his first eleven moves with the same piece: a humble pawn which promoted to a queen in record-breaking time. That achievement aside, he has almost completely neglected the rest of his pieces, and he will soon pay the penalty.

'i lfi"-' .��� " ""%--� � "� ii%11 "� � � � � � � �� � : � � ��"'��� 0 � ���?!/%�?!/"' 32 � �� �w�f�%�J[j �. �� -����� 7

1

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12..ie3 e6 13.0-0

7...YNxa2?! Rather a risky pawn grab. Safer would have been 7 .. .'1Wc3t, forcing a queen exchange and putting a dampener on White's attacking ambitions. s.lLlf3 i.f5 Better was 8 .. .'1Mfdd5! 9.j,d3 j,g4 1 0.0-0 lUc6 when Black is still holding his own.

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13...VNdh4? Black seems to be completely fixated on his queens, to the detriment of all his other pieces. He should have tried developing his knight, although it must be said that his position is beyond saving ifWhite plays accurately.

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I4.i.d3 VNd5 I5.hf5 1 5.'\Mfg8! was even deadlier, but the text is more than good enough.

9...VNa5t? Black loses more and more time.

15 ...exf5 16.gel! White includes all his pieces in the attack.

Taking the c-pawn was a bad idea. 9 .. .'1Wxc2? 1 0.j,h6 wins, and 9 ...j,xc2?! 1 0.'\Wd2 is also extremely dangerous for Black.

I6 ... ttld7 17.lLlf3 VNh5 18.i.g5t YNe4 Rather a humiliating way to prolong the game.

58

Positional Chess Sacrifices

19.Wfd2 f6 20.Lf6 Wl'xel t 2l.WI'xel t @ f7 22.tLlg5t @ g6 23.WI'g8t 1-0

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i.-.!.�-� --� ,.... %--,�--�.� .

·· : � ��%'"//"��"� /'//,''%' � � s� �ff� ����----�� .. .,;� :w� !-� �(tij�� "

Post-game reflections The early pawn promotions on a 1 and h8 gave this game an almost surreal character, and it seems that Black never adjusted to the unusual situation on the board. The pawn grab 7 ... 1Wxa2?! was not such a bad move in itself, but it was symptomatic of Black's fixation with his queens, and it was the first step along the path of grave time-wasting. It was rather like watching a beginner flailing around with his queen, except that here there were two of them! Meanwhile White developed his pieces smoothly and broke through effortlessly. No move is as good as it seems at first sight paraphrasing Eliot's Observation

Albin Planinc -Vlatko Kovacevic Yugoslav Championship 1978

Points to look for in this game: • An intuitive piece sacrifice - 1 2.fxe6!? • Defending along the seventh rank - see 1 6 .. J!a7! in the notes • Finishing with tactics - 20.lt:Jd5!

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6. ..l�bc6 Planinc's spectacular success in this game attracted some converts, but just a year later your author found a more convincing retort: 6 ... lt:Jec6! 7 ..ib2 e5 8.g3 .id6 9 ..ig2 0-0 I O.lt:Je2 f5! 1 l .lt:Jc4 .ic7 1 2.d3 .ie6 1 3.1Wd2?! ( 1 3.lt:Jc3) 13 ....id5! 14..ixd5t 1Wxd5 1 5.0-0-0 lt:Jd4 1 6.lt:Je3 1Wd7 1 7.lt:Jc3 lt:Jbc6 1 8.Wb1 b5 1 9.l'!dfl ia5 20.f4 l'!ae8 2 1 .1Wf2 exf4 22.gxf4 l'!f7 23.l'!hg1 lt:Jb4 24.l'!g3 .idS! 25.1Wg2 .ih4 26.l'!h3 l'!fe7 27.lt:Jcd1 lt:Jbxc2! 27.lt:Jxc2 l'!e2-+ Groszperer - Suba, Kecskemet 1 979. 7..ib2 a6?! Rather slow. 7 ... e6 is more to the point. 8.f4! tLld7 9.tLla tLlf6 lO..ic4 e6 l l.f5!? I l .lt:Je5 lt:Jd4 1 2.a4! was enough for a positional edge, but this is hardly Planinc's style. l l...b5

l.e4 tlJf6 2.tLlc3 d5 3.e5 lLlfd7 4.tlJxd5?! tLlxe5 5.tLle3 c5 GM Kovacevic was a strong technical player and an endgame expert (he even beat Fischer once), but main line theory and sacrificial play were not his strengths. By contrast, wild complications made Planinc feel like a fish in water. 6.b3

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59

Chapter 4 - Alekhine's Defence

12.fxe6! A promising piece offer, although the exclamation mark is perhaps a bit generous as White had effectively committed himself to the sacrificial path on the previous move.

White has ongoing compensation but no clear way through. Black's desire to win a tempo is understandable, but his chosen continuation leaves two key squares, d5 and f7, inadequately defended.

12 ... bxc4 13.exf7t �xf7 14.�g5t �g6?! Technically this move is okay, but from a practical standpoint 1 4 ... Wg8 would have been safer. In that case White retains enough compensation and will probably end up with three pawns and reasonable play for the piece, but Black's position is also playable and the chances of him being caught in a mating attack would greatly diminish.

17.YMf.3 h5 17 ... .id6 1 8.0-0 is also dangerous.

15.YMf.3 �xg5!? Kovacevic must have been in a particularly uncompromising mood! 1 5 ....\kd7 also deserved consideration. In that case White keeps the dangerous knight on g5, while Black has the extra possibility of ... lt:Jd4, gaining time while blocking the dangerous bishop.

16.YMxc6

18.0-0 cxb3? This is hardly the time for pawn-counting! 1 8 ... Wg6 was essential. 19J�ae1! White correctly ignores the pawn and mobilizes his final attacking unit. 19 �g6 .•.

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20.�d5! gh6?! Losing quickly, but by now there is no salvation, for example: 20 ... lt::l xd5 2 l .'Wf7t 'it>h6 22.1':!:e5+2 1.ltlxf6 gxf6 22.ixf6 YMcs 23.ib2 if5 24.ge8! 1-0 Post-game reflections In this game the great technician Kovacevic allowed himself to be drawn into an early

Positional Chess Sacrifices

60

firelight, playing right into the hands of his opponent who thrived on wild complications. Allowing his king to be enticed halfway up the board left scant margin for error, and the terrible move 1 8 ... cxb3? was enough to seal his fate. Plan inc on the other hand played a perfect game for a player with his attacking style. I doubt that he calculated more than a few moves ahead when making the sacrifice, as his intuition would have told him he would obtain a dangerous and ongoing attack for the piece. The tactician knows all things about a few positions, while the strategist knows a few things about allpositions - paraphrasing Donsen's Law

Juan Bellon Lopez -Vlatko Kovacevic

Variation of Alekhine's Defence. By investing a pawn early White hopes to obstruct the development of his opponent's kingside pieces. A more refined way of entering the gambit seen in the game is first to play 4.d4, and if Black answers with the active 4 ... c5, only then to advance 5.e6!. Of course that approach allows Black the opportunity to transpose to a main line of the French Defence with 4 ... e6.

4...fxe6 S.d4 g6? I think one must be especially careful with the moves immediately following an opponent's intuitive sacrifice. Black's choice in the game is not the best answer; on the contrary, it creates a fresh and obvious target. a) 5 ... ltlf6 is safest, for example 6.ltlf3 g6 and now:

Karlovac 1 979

Points to look for in this game: • An "obstructing" pawn sacrifice - 4.e6!? • Excessive provocation - 5 ...g6? • A powerful exchange sacrifice - 8.E:xh5!

I .c!iJc3 c!iJf6 2.e4 dS 3.e5 c!iJfd7 8 7

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a l ) 7.ltle5 .ig7 8.h4?! c5 9.h5 cxd4 I O.h6 dxc3 1 1 .hxg7 E:g8 1 2.Wfd4 ltl bd7 1 3 ..ib5 Wfb6 1 4 ..ixd7t?! ( 14.Wfxb6) 1 4 ....ixd7 1 5.bxc3 Wfxd4 1 6.cxd4 E:xg7+ and White's compensation might be just enough for one pawn, but unfortunately he is two pawns down, Suttles - Mecking, Sousse 1 967.

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4.e6!? After starting as a Romanian Opening1, we have now transposed to the Spielmann

a2) 7.h4 is a bit better but still unsatisfactory: 7 ....ig7 8 ..id3 c5 9.dxc5 ltlc6 1 0.h5 gxh5 ( 1 O ... e5!? 1 I ..ib5 .ig4 is a decent alternative) I I ..if4 Wfa5 1 2.Wfd2 .id7 1 3.0-0-0?! ( 1 3.a3)

61

Chapter 4 - Alekhine's Defence 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

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1 3 ... 0-0 ( 1 3 ... d4 1 4.ltlb5 Wfxa2 1 5.c4 dxc3 1 6.ltlc7t �f8 1 7.bxc3+) 1 4. d7 1 3.lLlf3 White has a huge attack. Black does better to decline the offer with 1 0 ... .ig7, but then 1 1 .lLlf4 leaves White clearly better. lO...i.g7 1 0 ... l0c6 gives White a pleasant choice between 1 1 .lLlxd5 and 1 l ..ib5. l l .i.h6 i.f6? Too slow. Black should have played 1 1 ...1Wg8!, mobilizing his queen and creating an escape square for the king on d8. Then after 1 2 . .ixg7 1Wxg7 1 3.l0e5t 'kt>d8 1 4.ttJf7t \t>d7 1 5.lLlxh8 1Wxh8 1 6.0-0-0 White's position is preferable, but Black is still fighting.

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6.h4! Obvious and strong. White wastes no time hitting his opponent where it hurts. 6... c!i:)f6 7.h5 c!i:)xh5

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l2.�xd5! A smashing breakthrough. The knight had nothing better to do, so it gives its life in order to blast through the black king's defensive shield.

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12 exd5 ..•

Chapter 4 - Alekhine's Defence

63

1 2 ... Wfg8!? might have held out for longer, but Black's position is just horrible.

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17.lbe5t Now it's all over! a

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1 5.0-0-0?! This is an aesthetic way to continue the attack, but a far more effective method was 1 5.tt'le5t! ixe5 1 6.dxe5 when Black can almost resign. Despite being less accurate, the game continuation should still be good enough. White has a huge lead in development and of course the big threat is tt'le5t. Black is a rook up and has a respite of one move in which to provide shelter for his king. But when the defender's pieces are in such a huddle, one move is often not enough.

17...h7 1 9.�b5 �b7 20.:!::\d l Wl'c7 2 1 .:!::\e l e6 22.lt:le5 Elfd8= Another possibility for White is 1 6.c4 lt:lb4 1 7.d5 e6 1 8.dxe6 �xe6 1 9.'1Mfcl i>h7 20.�c3 Wl'e7 2 1 .'1Mff4 :!::ladS 22.:!::\fd l b6 23.'1Mfh4 lt:lg8=.

16 Wfc7 17.Wfd �h7 .•.

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19 ...e5! Before getting his pawn back, Black occupies the centre and prevents a knight trip via d4 to b5. 20J�dl �a6

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18.c4 This advance "kills" White's majority on the queenside. As Korchnoi might say, "It is well known that pawns cannot go back." An alternative is 1 8 .c3 Wxc5 ( 1 8 ...lt:Jd7?! 1 9.b4!t) 1 9.c4 lt:Jb4 20.�e3 '1Mfc7 2 l .lt:Jd4 �d7 22.lt:Jb5 �xb5 23.axb5 lt:ld7 24.:!::\d l lt:Jc5 with equality. 18... �b4 19.ie3?! Defending the pawn is not good, but how else should White justify the heresy of his previous move? It is fashionable for football commentators to use chess terms like "strategy" and "tactics". I shall pay them back by borrowing their terminology and saying that this was an unfo rced error, because 1 9.lt:Jd4! Wxc5 20.�e3 We5 2 1 .:!::\d l �d7 would still be a touch better for White.

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21.:Bd5? Although it may appear tempting, this exchange sacrifice is a mistake. It will quickly become clear that the text move helps Black to mobilize his strong centre against the tangled web of white pieces on the kingside. The correct path was: 2 1 .'1Mfc3 Ele8 2 l ...lt:Jd7 22.lt:Je4 lt:Jdxc5 23.lt:Jxc5 lt:Jxc5 24.Wa3 b6 25.lt:Jd2 �e6 26.lt:lb3=

Chapter 4

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Alekhi ne's Defence

22.'®a3

69

Highlighting the awkwardness of White's cluttered kingside pieces.

23.d6 1Mfd8 24.i.d2 e4 25.c!Llel 8 7 6 5 a

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22 ...�e6 22 ...�f8?! 23.l:l:d6! would be a much more desirable exchange sacrifice. 23.c6 bxc6 24.1M'd6 1Mfxd6 25.l:l:xd6 l:l:ec8 26.l:l:d2 lL'ld7 27.lL'le4 Threatening 28.lL'lfg5t. 27 .. .'it?g8 28.l:l:d6 l:l:ab8 29.l:l:adl l:l:c7 30.c5 lLlb4

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The strength of the mobile centre has pushed back White's forces. It is now time to deal with the passed pawns.

25 b6! The rest is simple. •..

26.ha6 lha6 27.c6 1Mfxd6 28.i.f4 1Mfe7 29.1Mfc4 g5 30.i.b8 1Mfc5 3 1.1Mfb5 l:l:a8 32.i.c7 i.d4 33.c!Lle2 Lilt 34.i>fl i.a6 35.1Mfxc5 Lc5 36-l:�dl f4 37.l:l:d7t i>g6 0-1 a

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3 1 .l:l:xe6! This exchange sacrifice does not fully solve White's problems, but it is much better than the option seen in the game. 3 1 ...fxe6 32.�xh6 �xh6 33.l:l:xd7 lL'ld5! 34.l:l:d6 l:l:xb2+ White's compensation is not quite enough for equality, but at the same time it will not be easy for Black to convert his extra material.

21. .. c!Llxd5 22.cxd5 f5!+

Post-game reflections In a book mostly filled with inspirational examples of glowing positional sacrifices, we should keep our feet on the ground and remember that a tempting sacrifice will not always have the desired effect. In the above example certain elements of the position favoured the exchange sacrifice, such as the correcting of White's pawn structure and the advanced c- and d-pawns. Unfortunately for Korneev, his minor pieces were poorly placed, and he had to waste valuable time moving

70

Positional Chess Sacrifices

them while my kingside pawns roamed forwards. Once that happened, White's prized pawns were devoid of support, and it was easy to undermine and capture them.

6.id3 This is not the best square for the bishop; instead both 6.�e2 and 6.�c4 are sound choices.

We will conclude the chapter with a game from super-GM praxis.

It should be noted that the aggressive 6.c4?! is hasty here due to 6 ... ltJb4! (threatening 7 ...'1Wxd4!) 7.�e3 �f5 8.lLla3 (8.lLld3 e5!) 8 ... lLld7 with a slight advantage for Black.

Some part of a mistake is always correct Savielly Tartakower

Veselin Topalov - Magnus Carlsen Morelia/Linares 2008

Points to look for in this game: •

• •

Small but significant inaccuracies from White - 6.�d3, 9.lLld2, l l .:ge l and 1 2.c3 Ambitious play from Black - 1 2 ... c5! A positional pawn sacrifice to fight for a draw - 1 5.h3! in the notes

Casual play in the opening by Topalov leads to some problems for White. Black takes over the initiative, and after again failing to choose the more promising options, Veselin finds himself in a difficult endgame.

l .e4 !ilf6 2.e5 t!iJd5 3.d4 d6 4.t!lJf.3 dxe5 5.t!lJxe5 c6 8

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6 5 4 3 2

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6... t!lJd7 7.t!lJxd7 This is not bad, but more in the spirit of the position is 7.lLlf3 lLl 7f6 8.h3 (or 8.c3±) 8 ... ltJb4 9.�c4 �f5 1 0.�b3 a500• A less ambitious approach for White is 7.0-0 lLlxe5 (7 ... g6 is also possible) 8.dxe5 �e6!? with a balanced position.

7 ixd7 8.0-0 g6 9.t!iJd2 This move is a bit 'flat' and cannot promise any real advantage. .•.

Another move deserving the same epithet, or worse, is 9.:ge l �g7 1 0.c3 0-0 l l .�g5 '1Wb6 and Black already has some initiative. The forthright 9.c4!± is best.

9...ig7 lO. .!tH3 0-0 8

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71

Chapter 4 - Alekhine's Defence Topalov now starts to play a bit carelessly.

I U�el In order to have h2-h3 available as an immediate answer to ...i.g4, a good preparation for the text move would be l l.c3!. I I...ig4 1 2.c3 Another negligent move. White might still hope for a tiny advantage after 1 2.i.e2 i.f5 1 3.c3 E!:e8 14.i.d3. 8

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1 5 ...i.xel The only good option, as 1 5 ... E!:e8? 1 6.E!:e3 and 1 5 ...i.xa l ? 1 6.'\Mfxal are both winning for White. 1 6.'\Mfxel '1Mfxd3 1 7.lt::l e 5 1 7.'1Mfe5? f6 1 8.'1Mfxe7 E!:£7-+ 1 7 ...'1Mfd4

4 3 2 l�!:i;_��=....�-�"'--__. a

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12...c5! The Norwegian prodigy does not miss the opportunity to free his game and seize some initiative, both real and psychological. Beyond the pawn sacrifice looms the spectre of a further offering on the c3-square. 13.ie4? Steinitz said that the best way to refute a sacrifice is by accepting it. In the present case White could hardly hope to refute the sacrifice, but he could have equalized by accepting it. 1 3.dxc5 lt::l xc3! It looks like Topalov overestimated this sham sacrifice. 1 4.bxc3 i.xc3 1 5.i.h6

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1 8.c6! Probably the move that Topalov missed. Worse is 1 8.i.xf8 'tt> xf8 1 9.lt::l xg4 '1Mfxg4+. 1 8 ... bxc6 1 9.lt::l xc6 '1Mff6 20.lt::l xe7t 'it>h8 2 1 .lt::l d 5 '1Mfd4 22.lt::l c7! More accurate than 22.i.xf8 E!:xf8 23.lt::l e3 i.e6 24.E!:dl '1Mfe5 25.'1Mfb4 'it>g7 26.h3 E!:c8 27.a3 a5+. 22 ...E!:ac8 23.i.xf8 E!:xf8 24.h3 i.e2 25.Ei:c l '!Mfb2 26.lt::l d 5 'kt>g7 27.E!:b l The position is equal. If White preferred to avoid the above complications, he could also have maintained

72

Positional Chess Sacrifices

the balance by simple means: 1 3 ..ie2!? cxd4 ( 1 3 ....ixf3 1 4 ..ixf3 cxd4 1 5.cxd4= gives White an improved version of the game) 1 4.lLlxd4 .ixe2 1 5.lLlxe2=

when White succeeds in regaining the pawn. His position remains somewhat worse, but his drawing chances are much higher than in the game.

13 ...cxd4 14.cxd4 e6 Black has a dream version of an IQP position, with a solid blockade on d5 and easy play against the weak d-pawn. Now it is White's turn to think in terms of making a positional sacrifice. His objective is to give up the d4-pawn in a way that will enable him either to regain the pawn in a few moves, or to obtain enough activity to hold a draw.

I5 ...Lf3 I6.Lf3 hd4 t7.Ld5 It is possible that Topalov had been intending 1 7.'\Wxb??!, but only now realized that 1 7 ...'1Wa5! 1 8.1'l:d1 :!'l:ab8 would allow Black to develop both rooks with tempo, followed by capturing on b2 with an extra pawn and a dominant position. 17...1Mfxd5 18.%Yxd5 exd5 19J�dl .ig7 8

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15.%Yb3? This is a waste of time, as it turns out that Black can ignore the threat to the b7-pawn. Attempting to keep the d-pawn with 1 5 ..ie3?! leads to trouble after 1 5 ... lLlxe3 ( 1 5 .. .f5!? is also strong) 1 6.fxe3 f5! 1 7 ..ixb7 ( 1 7 ..id3 f4!) 1 7 ... 1'l:b8 when Black has a clear advantage. In the absence of a useful developing move, White should have forced simplifications with 1 5.h3!. Compared with the game continuation this provides a crucial bolthole for the king. Play continues 1 5 ....ixf3 1 6 ..ixf3 'Wb6 1 7 ..ixd5 exd5 1 8 ..ie3 'Wxb2 1 9.'1Wd3 'Wb6 20.1'l:ab 1 'Wc7 2 l .:!'l:b5 E:fd8 22.'1Wb3

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20.�?fl 20 ..ig5!? may be a better defensive try. In the event of20.1'l:xd5? E:fd8! 2 1 .1'l:xd8t :!'l:xd8 22 ..ie3 (22.'it>fl :!'l:d 1 t 23.*e2 :!'l:h 1 ) 22 ... b6 23.1'l:b 1 .ixb2 Black's advantage is obvious. This is where the weak back rank comes into play, and explains why 1 5.h3! would have been an improvement earlier.

20 .. JUd8 Black is a healthy pawn up, and the presence of the bishops improves his winning chances. The technical part of the game is less relevant to our main subject, so I will refrain from commenting on it.

Chapter 4 - Alekhine's Defence

2l..ig5 gd7 22.gd2 h6 23.ie3 d4 24.gd3 gcs 25.id2 gc2 26.gbl ge7 27.a4 f5 28.b3 gee? 29.iel cj;1f7 30.gd2 gel 3l .gxcl gxcl 32.cj;1e2 gbl 33.gd3 cj;1e6 34.h4 cj;1d5 35.id2 cj;1e4 36.gg3 f4 37.gd3 .ie5 3S.f3t cj;1ds 39..iel id6 40.id2 g5 41.hxg5 hxg5 42.iel g4 43.fxg4 cj;1e4 44.g5 cj;1e5 0-1 Post-game reflections Topalov conducted the opening and early middlegame with an uncharacteristic lack of drive, and Carlsen quickly obtained the initiative. The outcome of the game rested on some form of sacrifice by either side. Carlsen's 1 2 ... c5! echoed the 1 5 ... c5! from the previous game, although this time the active pawn break was not a true sacrifice as Black had the means to maintain material equality through tactics. White's 13.ie4? was a weak reaction, but even after that mistake he could still have obtained good drawing chances with 1 5.h3!, a strong defensive sacrifice.

73

Chapter 5

The French Defence The French Defence can give rise to all kinds of positional sacrifices of both an attacking and defensive nature. The characteristic blocked centre often gives rise to a deep conflict between space advantage and undermining of the centre; attack versus counterattack; bishop pair versus pawn structure, and more. With so many dynamic factors in play, it is only natural that material should play a limited role in the complex equation that constitutes a position's evaluation.

A pawn sacrifice which, if accepted, gives White a lead in development and pressure along the h-file. It was recommended by Alekhine, and many authors endorse it with his name. However, it was in fact invented by the Romanian player Albin, the initiator of many interesting gambits.

You know, comrade Pachman, I don't enjoy being a Minister, I would rather play chess like you Che Guevara

7.hxg5 VN:xg5 s.c!Llh3 VNh6 9.i.d3 White develops quickly and aggressively.

Ludek Pachman - Eckert Cista 1 940

Points to look for in this game: •

•

•

A positional sacrifice in the opening 6.h4!? Poor defence from Black - 9 ... g6?! and ll ... cxd4? A double rook sac - 1 3.lbg5!

l.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.c!Llc3 t£!f6 4.i.g5 i.e7 5.e5 c!Llfd7 6.h4!?

6...Lg5 Black can decline the offer in a number of ways, bur that is another story.

75

Chapter 5 - The French Defence Better is 9 ... a6 1 0.Wg4 ltJc6, for instance 1 1 .ltJe2 ltJb6 1 2.ltJef4 �d7 1 3.ltJh5 0-0-0 1 4.ltJg5 g6 1 5.ltJg3 Wf8+ and White did not have enough for the pawn in Strikovic V. Kovacevic, Vinkovci 1 989.

10.Wg4 c5 It is safer to prepare this (or anything else) with 1 O ... a6!. If White tries 1 1 .f4, hoping to transpose to the following note, then 1 1 ...ltJc6 1 2.ltJe2 ltJb4 should avoid any problems for Black.

Threatening to invade on c7 or d6. Black's problems are already insurmountable.

12...�d8 Or 1 2 ...0-0 1 3 .ltJc7 ltJb6 1 4.0-0-0 'Wg7 1 5.Wh4 h6 1 6.ltJxa8 ltJxa8 1 7.ltJf2 and White's kingside attack will be triumphant.

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13.ltlg5! A beautiful sacrifice to continue the attack.

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l l . .. cxd4? A serious error, losing precious time for the temporary gain of a meaningless pawn. Even without this move Black has some problems, as we can see from the alternatives:

13 ...\Wxhl t 14.�f2 Wfxal? This allows White to win by force. The last chance to struggle on was 1 4 ... Wh5 1 5.Wxh5 gxh5 1 6.ltJxf7t xf7 17.tlJd6t i>g7 18.Wfe7t i>h6 19.tiJf7t i>g7 20.tlJg5t i>h6 2l.tlJxe6 Black is ahead by rwo rooks and a knight, but none of those pieces can help him. 21. . �£6 22.Wfg7t i>h5 23.Wfxf6 h6 24.i.e2# The queen and knight did most of the work, but the bishop was not to be denied a piece of the action. .

Post-game reflections This game vividly highlighted the dangers of neglecting development in the opening. From move 6 onwards, Black's only developed piece was the knight on d7. Amazingly, for the rest of the game he failed to activate any other pieces, apart from his queen. He wasted time capturing the irrelevant d4-pawn, while White mobilized his forces for an attack. By the end of the game White had utilized every one of his pieces, either for direct attacking purposes, or in the case of his rooks, as decoys to draw the black queen away from the defence. Adequate compensation for a sacrifice is having a sound combination leading to a winning position; adequate compensation for a blunder is havingyour opponent snatch defeatfrom thejaws ofvictory - Bruce A. Moon

In the same year that Petrosian successfully defended his World Champion title against Spassky, he had poor results against Larsen. Before this game he had already suffered rwo defeats at the hands of the Danish legend in the Piatigorsky Cup in Santa Monica. A curious thing about those encounters is that if you play them through without knowing who is which colour, you are liable to guess the wrong way round. Here roo, in a simple Exchange French, cliched play by Black quickly led him into big trouble. The panacea for bad positions, the exchange sacrifice, was possible, but it was not entirely adequate this time. The "Tiger" wallowed in real danger of losing, yet the goddess of the true exchange sacrifice was too much in love with Petrosian, and did not let him down.

l.e4 e6 In Santa Monica, Petrosian had defended the Accelerated Dragon, and was simply swept off the board by a sham queen sacrifice. He now relies on the more solid armour of the French Defence. 2.tlJf.3 d5 3.tlJc3 tlJf6 4.exd5 exd5 5.d4 c6 6.i.d3 i.d6 7.0-0 0-0 8.tlJe2 E!:e8 Or 8 ...�g4 9.ttJe5! �h5 1 0.\Mfel;!;.

Bent Larsen - Tigran Petrosian Havana Olympiad 1966

Points to look for in this game: Sloppy play from Black in the opening 9 ... lt:lbd7?! and 1 0 ... lt:lf8? • A questionable exchange sacrifice 1 4 ... E!:xe5?! • To exchange or not to exchange queens? 1 9. . . Wfxg3 in the notes

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Chapter 5

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9... tLlbd7?! Petrosian liked to play against an isolated pawn rather than with one, but here 9 ... c5! was a good alternative. lO.tLlf5 tLlffi? A bad decision. In his annotations Petrosian admits that Black should preserve the bishop: 1 0 ...�f8 l l .l':'i:e l (The Olympiad bulletin suggests l l .�g5, adorning it with an exclamation mark and the symbol for clear advantage, but that evaluation is clearly wrong. Black can reply l l ...h6 1 2.�h4 [ 1 2.�f4 lt:'le4] 12 ...'\Wb6 1 3 .'\Wc l lt:le4+.) l l ...lt:'le4 1 2.lt:'lg3 lt:ldf6= and Black has no problems.

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14.'?Nh5!

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14...gxe5?! Both Petrosian and the bulletin adorn this move with an exclamation mark, in the belief that it was Black's best chance. Or as Tartakower, with his inexhaustible humour, would put it: "Forced, therefore correct." Petrosian was already famous for using (and sometimes overusing) the exchange sacrifice as a defensive resource, but this time it is not sufficient. Black's position was certainly unappetizing, but he could have minimized his disadvantage with the second of the following alternatives.

l l.tLlxd6 '?Nxd6 12.tLle5! tLl6d7

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The French Defence

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1 4 ... g6?! meets with a powerful sacrifice: 1 5.�xg6! hxg6 1 6.lt:'lxg6

13.id2! Larsen develops another piece, using some simple tactics to ensure the future of his powerful knight. 13 .. f6 The alternatives promise trouble: .

1 3 ... lt:'lxe5 1 4.dxe52':'i:xe5? (14 ...'\Wxe5?? 1 5.2':'i:e 1 +-) 1 5.�f4 Even Petrosian would have been hard­ pressed to get away with this exchange sacrifice. 1 3 ... lt:lg6 1 4.f4 lt:lf6 1 5.'\Wf3±

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1 6 ... 2':'i:e7 (worse is 1 6 ... lt:'lxg6? 1 7.'1Wxg6t �f8 1 8.�h6t cJde7 1 9.2':'i:ae l t+-; while after

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

1 6 ... ll'lb6 1 7.f4! the threat of 1 8.:1'i:f3 is strong) 1 7.if4 'We6 1 8.ll'lxe7t 'Wxe7 1 9.:1'i:fe 1 'Wf7 20.'Wh6 and the position is uncomfortable for Black. 1 4 ... :1'i:e7 "After this move, things do not progress as quickly as after 1 4 ... g6" - Petrosian.

16 e4 17..ifl tl:lf6 1 8.'Wh4 .if5 19.'Wg3 Now Black must weigh up the pros and cons of exchanging queens. .••

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1 5.ll'lg4 Less convincing is 1 5.ll'lf3 ll'lb6 1 6.a3 a5 17.:1'\ael ie6 1 8.ll'lh4 ll'lc4 ( 1 8 ...g6 1 9.'Wf3!±) 1 9.ic3 b6 20.a4 'Wc7 2 1 .ll'lf5 ixf5 22.:1'\xe? 'Wxe7 23.ixf5 ll'ld6 24.id3 'Wfl and in spite of White's bishop pair, Black's position is tenable. 1 5 ... ll'lb6 1 6.a3 a5 1 7.b3 id7 1 8 .ll'le3;!; White's bishop pair gives him a long-term edge, but objectively his advantage is smaller than in the game.

15.dxe5 fxe5 Black has one pawn for the exchange, and his strong central pawns give him some degree of compensation. Nevertheless his pieces are not particularly active, and White's bishop pair is an important asset, so overall the sacrifice is less than adequate for Black. 16JUel� Throwing away a large part of the advantage. To prevent the further advance of the e-pawn, White had to play 1 6.f3!±.

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19...'We7?! Here Petrosian makes a bland comment: "Black must run away from exchanging queens, to avoid giving his opponent the possibility of using his small material advantage." As editor­ in-chief of the biggest chess magazine in the USSR, Petrosian had to keep happy millions of readers, and his comments were not always the most objective. In this position White's queen is very active, and Black should really have swapped it off: 1 9 ...'Wxg3 20.hxg3 ll'le6 2 1 .c3 h5 22.f3 �f7 and White's advantage in the endgame is minimal. But nobody likes to play an endgame with just one pawn for the exchange.

20.c3?! Weakening the d3-square, which may become an outpost for a black knight. Better is 20.ic3 ll'lg6 (or 20 ... ll'le6 2 1 .:1'i:ad 1 :B:d8 22.'We5 ig6 23.f3 ll'ld7 24.'Wg3 exf3 25.gxf3±) 2 1 .'Wg5 id7 22.h4 with a clear advantage for White.

20 tl:le6 2 I..ie3 tl:lg4 ••.

79

Chapter 5 - The French Defence

23... :gf8 24.�e5 .ig6 25-l:�dl By this stage the position has become almost equal. But now Petrosian seems to become a little too relaxed, and he plays several nondescript moves which allow White to improve his standing. 25 ...�f7 26,gd2 �f4 26 ... a5 would slow down White's progress on the queenside. b

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22.h3?! White has two better options:

27.b4t h6 28.a4 .ih7?!29.�d4 White returns the favour by missing a good opportunity: 29.b5! c5 30.g3 lt:ld3 3 l .�xd3 exd3 32.Wfd6±

22.�e2!;!; is a simple way to claim a plus.

29...b6 30.gel 30.g3!?;!; is a bit better for White.

22.�xa7!? This leads to some interesting tactics.

30...�c7 3l.�e3 c5 32.bxc5 bxc5

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22 ... h5! The alternatives are easily refuted: 22 ... c5? 23.h3 lt:lf6 24.Wfe5! �g6 25.�xc5!+22 ... :gxa7? 23.Wfb8t 'kt>f7 24.Wfxa7 Wfh4 25.h3 e3 26.g3 exf2t 27.Wfxf2+23.�b8 Wfd8 24.h3 h4 25.Wfd6 :gxb8 26.Wfxd8t :gxd8 27.hxg4 �xg4;!;

33.g3 "A time pressure mistake. White shouldn't force the knight to its cherished square. The correct play was to take the b-file by 33.:gb I ." ­ Petrosian. With a clear advantage, I would add.

22...tLlxe3 23Jhe3?! 23.fxe3! blunts the force of Black's majority and allows its quick undermining, for example: 23 ... ltk5 24.c4;!;

33 ... tLld3 34.i.xd3 exd3 35.�e6t? Larsen was surely playing for a win, otherwise he could have simply taken the dangerous pawn with 3 5.:gxd3 �xd3 36.Wfxd3=.

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80

Positional Chess Sacrifices

In the bulletin 35.c4?! was suggested, but it is not good due to the simple 35 ...dxc4 36.l':kl 'Wd6 37.E!:xc4 E!:c8+.

9.i.d3 �xd2 1 0.�xd2 c5 I l.c!Df3

35...'Wf7 36.'Wxf7t �xf7+ White has misplayed the position and it is now Black who is playing to win. For the continuation of this endgame, see page 349.

Yuri Shabanov - Eduard Mnatsakanian USSR Championship semi-final 197 1

Points to look for in this game:

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• A committal decision in the opening ­ s . . . wfs

• Black cuts off his own queen - l l ...'Wa5 and 1 3 . . . b6? • A devastating sacrificial attack - 1 4.lt::l g 5!!

l.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.c!Dc3 c!Df6 4.i.g5 i.b4 5.e5 h6 6.i.d2 i.xc3 7.bxc3 c!De4 8.'Wg4 8

�� 1. • .!.Be� �.� ' rli :.."�. .. � ·--" - - Y • ;: �----"

J��� �/.!-�5 � m •"� m "" � m%� ��i) lm 3 �m%8 !'""��. "3:'��o!� �

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� � a

J " " %/. ."/::/ " "

----->:� ·?'

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8 ... �f8 There is a big and still open question in the McCutcheon Variation: Is this better than the natural 8 ... g6? Of course there are pros and cons for each move, but the majoriry of players will answer "No."

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l l ...'Wa5 Here the most frequent choice is l l ...c4, followed in populariry by l l ... tt:lc6. 12.h4 c!Dc6 Or 1 2 ... cxd4 1 3.tt:lxd4 tt:lc6 1 4.tt:lxc6;!;. 13.'Wf4 b6? Black's idea is to exchange the light-squared bishop by ... ia6. But cutting off the queen from the kingside allows an amazing attack. It was essential for Black to choose either 1 3 ... cxd4 or 1 3 ... c4. 8 7 6

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Chapter 5 - The French Defence

14.c!tJg5!! Although this is demonstrably winning outright, it can still be justified on intuitive grounds, as it forces an opening of the kingside at a time when Black is unable to bring in defensive reinforcements. 14... hxg5 1 4 ... lLld8 loses to 1 5.tt:lxf7 tt:\xf7 16.�g6. 15.hxg5 :!3xhl

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16.g6! Black must have been thunderstruck by this sequence of moves. The game continuation is the most accurate, but it is worth mentioning that the prosaic 1 6Jhh 1 would have been perfectly sufficient to win the game, as Black's pieces are all hopelessly stranded on the queenside. 16 .. .'�e7 There is no salvation: 1 6 ... tt:l d8 1 7.:!3xh 1 rJde7 1 8.1"i:h7 transposes to the game, and 16 .. .f5 1 7.exf6 is also hopeless. 17.:!3xhl �d8 18.:!3h7 cxd4 19.gxf7 dxc3t 20.c.t>dt �xf7 21.:!3xg7 1-0

81

Post-game reflections Black paid the price for allowing a most toxic chain of events to occur. Firstly he allowed White to establish a space advantage on the kingside, which was punctuated by the menacing queen on g4. Then he chose to commit his king to the f8-square, which increased the level of risk. Finally, he made rhe fatal error of blocking the queen's path back towards rhe defence of the kingside. One can often get away with allowing one or two of rhese types of elements, but on this occasion the combination of all three led to insurmountable problems. White's knight sacrifice opened rhe floodgates and emphasized one of the key principles of most successful sacrifices: the important thing is not the overall material count, but rather the localized material count in the pivotal battleground of the game - which was, in this case, the area around rhe black king. You must take your opponent into a deep, dark forest where 2+2=5, and the path leading out is only wide enough for one - Mikhail Tal

Mikhail Tal -Wolfgang Uhlmann Alekhine Memorial, Moscow 197 1

Points to look for in this game: • Excessive greed from Black in the opening - 1 1 ...Wfxc3? • Why only sacrifice a pawn when you can throw a knight into the mix? - 1 2.tt:lf5! • A clever repositioning of the bishop 1 5.�d2!

l .e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.�d2 c5 4.�gf3 �c6 5 ..ib5 dxe4 6.�xe4 i.d7

82

Positional Chess Sacrifices

�� �--�)� • I A m.tm • -� .:.- %�• m%� 5 0 m�m

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!!:�&

'�' :�& :1&:1& 3 :1&:1&' :1&:1&' :�& :l&m '" :1&:1& :1&-m '":l&m"' 2 t)/�iJ � �wJ��[j mM 1 � �if�

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7..ig5!? Ofcourse Tal always played for the spectators, who had come to expect a complicated and brilliant game from him, but here Misha is slightly overambitious.

10.0-0! Such a pawn sacrifice is practically second nature for Tal. It is not clear if he calculated the potential consequences of Black taking on c3, or simply relied on his intuition. 10...bc3 l l.bxc3 Wfxc3? The German player accepts the gift, but it proves to be a serious error of judgement. The Wizard from Riga will make him regret his decision on the very next move. The right continuation was I I ...h6 12.i.e3 lLlge7, catching up on development. Black's position seems resilient enough, for instance: 1 3.�g4 0-0 1 4.i.xh6 lLlg6 1 5.i.xc6 ixc6 1 6.lLlxc6 bxc6 1 7.i.e3 �xc3 1 8.�e4 lLle7 1 9.l':'i:ab l lLlf5 20.l':'i:b3 �a5=

White can preserve a small advantage by 7.dxc5 �a5t 8.lLlc3 lLl f6 9.0-0 i.xc5 l O.i.f4 i.b4 l l .i.d3 0-0 12.i.d2 i.e7 1 3.a3 �c7 1 4.lLlb5.

7...Wfa5t 8.lLlc3 cxd4 9.lLlxd4 .ib4 Uhlmann tries to emulate Tal in quick development, but does not take advantage of the precarious position of the g5-bishop. Best is 9 ... a6! 1 0.i.xc6 (after l O.lLlb3?! Wlc7 I l .i.d3 lLlb4 Black takes over the initiative) I O ...i.xc6 l l .�d2 h6 1 2.i.f4 i.b4 1 3.lLlxc6 bxc6 1 4.0-0 lLlf6 with equality.

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12.lLlf5! Once you see this move, everything else falls into place. Black's problem areas are the dark squares and the e-file, and Tal's move provides the perfect method of exploiting both of these elements. 12 ... exf5?! This loses by force. 1 2 ...�c5 1 3.lLld6t g6! Larsen defends resourcefully, and now it is anyone's game. 23Jhe5 �xeS 24.�xd7 :Bad8 25.�xb7

8 7 6 5 4 3 2

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28.i.c5! The climax. It is from this point that I believe Larsen loses the game for the second time. 28...:Bflt 29.�gl :Bxg2t 30.�xg2 �d2t 31.�hl :Bxc6 32..ixc6 �xd 33.:Bglt �f6 34..ixa7

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25 ...�e3t At this point all the live commentators and the watching public believed that White was going to lose. a

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

34... g5 This endgame should result in a draw, but with every move we can feel that Larsen was already exhausted. 34 ... cj;>e6= would be an improvement. 35.ib6 �xc2 36.a5 �b2 37.id8t 'if?e6 38.a6 �a3?! Another inaccuracy. Black should play 38 ...Wf2 39.�xg5 c3 40.:!''1:a l c2 4 I .a7 c l ='Wt 42.1'l:xc1 Wxa?;!;. 39.ib7 8 7 6

and Larsen came back to life. It even seemed that Black might be winning, but the terrible 28.�c5! ended Black's dreams. Having lost the second charge, Larsen could nor summon the reserves of energy needed for the rest of the game. The ensuing endgame had a drawish character for many moves, bur it seems that with every move Black made concessions, until he finally succumbed. In essence, the match was decided in this single game. Nothing that Larsen had been counting on actually happened in the march. On the contrary, faced with strong punches he lost his composure. He was left groggy for the rest of the encounter, which yielded another perfect 6-0 score for Fischer.

Jose Hedman Senarega - Oleg Romanishin

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Cienfuegos 1977

4 3

Points to look for in this game:

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Taking over the centre - l l .. .f6! A crushing bishop sacrifice - 1 8 ...�xb4! • White misses a defensive counter-sacrifice - 20.tL'lxe4! in the notes •

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39 ...�c5? The final mistake, this time decisive. Black can still hang in there with 39 ... 'Wb3 40.�xg5 c3;!;. 40J3bl! c3 4Lib6 1-0 Post-game reflections Larsen played the opening provocatively, and Fischer was absolutely correct to give up a pawn for the initiative. Probably Larsen should not have accepted it, instead agreeing to a passive bur solid position. As it transpired, White's attack rook on decisive dimensions, but then Fischer unexpectedly committed an inaccuracy

l .e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.e5 b6 4.c3 �d7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a

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87

Chapter 5 - The French Defence An odd variation, pursuing the strategically welcome exchange ofthe light-squared bishops. However, chess strategy is not as complete and consistent a system as, say, arithmetic. Many concepts overlap and it is up to the players to decide priorities. In this case, providing play for the bad bishop conflicts with the basic concepts of space and time. A similar example is given by the fashionable Advance Variation of the Caro-Kann, in which 3.e5 gains space, but allows 3 ....if5.

5.lll f3 �e7 6.i.d3 Here White can play almost anything. The most popular is 6.a4, but the text move is not bad. 6...i.a6 7..L:a6 l!lxa6 8.�d3 lll b8 9.ltlbd2 White has tried another interesting plan here: 9.0-0 ltlbc6 1 0.ltlg5!?

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Thanks to his space advantage, White does not need to rush with the thematic g2-g4 break, but can take all precautions while preparing it. 1 9 ... ltlf8 20.1'l:ad l l'l:a7 2 1 .'1We2 WeB 22.1'l:gl c5 23.c4 Wc6 24.1'l:cl E!:d7 25.cxd5± White went on to win in Sandipan - Ravi, Visakhapatnam 2006.

9 ... l!l bc6 10.0-0 l!lg6 l l .E!el f6! Eroding the enemy centre and opening the g-file for attacking purposes. 12.exf6 gxf6

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I O ... h6 The other ways of meeting the knight thrust may be better: 1 0 ... ltlg6 l l .f4 .ie7= 1 o .. .f6!? l l .ltlxh7 fxe5 1 2.ltlxf8 'kt>xf8 1 3.dxe5 ltlxe5 1 4.\We2 ltlf7= l l .ltlh7 ltlg6 1 2.ltlxf8 E!:xf8 1 2 ... ltlxf8 looks more solid. 13.a4 f5 1 4 ..ie3 'it>f7 1 5.f4 'it>g8 1 6.ltld2 a5 1 7.b3 ltlce7 1 8.h3 E!:fc8 1 9.'tt> h2

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13.lll fl A better move here is 1 3.b4!, when the possibility of kicking the c6-knight with b4b5 makes it more difficult for Black to carry out his intended ... e5.

Positional Chess Sacrifices

88

Nils Nilsson - Henrik Sorensen

13 0-0-0 14.WI'a6t 'i!?b8 15.a4 e5 16.a5?! White allows himself to be driven back. Better is 1 6.dxe5 lt:lgxe5 1 7.lt:lxe5 fxe5, and only then 1 8.a5=. •..

Aalborg 1 979

Points to look for in this game: 16... e4:j: 17.tiJ3d2 gg8 18.b4?! Winning after just ten moves - 1 O.lt:ld4! in the notes • A murky 'Greek gift' sacrifice - 1 7.ixh7t! • Black misses a counter-sacrifice 1 8 ... 'it>g8 and later 2 1 ...Wxg5! in the notes

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l.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.tiJc3 i.h4 4.e5 c5 5.a3 cxd4?! This risky line has a dubious reputation. Black will have a chance to win a pawn, but it comes at a price as White's pieces will quickly emerge on excellent squares. a

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18 ...i.xb4! 19.axb6 cxb6 20.cxb4? This loses. The only chance was a counter­ sacrifice: 20.lt:lxe4! dxe4 2 l .cxb4 lt:lxb4 22.'�c4 lt:ld3 23.gxe4 f5 24.Wxd3 fxe4+ Although White is the exchange down, the strong black centre has disappeared, and so he has some drawing chances.

6.axb4 Compared with the main lines of the Winawer, the open a-file is a boon for White. 6... dxc3 8 7

20 ... tlJxb4 2l.WI'a4 Wl'xa4 22.gxa4 tiJd3 23.gdl lilgf4 0-1

6

Post-game reflections

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Romanishin's unorthodox opening play seemed to confuse his opponent, who failed to find the most principled moves, such as 1 3.b4! as given in the notes. Black gained space in the centre and later relied on tactics to reinforce his strategic superiority with 1 8 ...ixb4!. Just as in many other cases in the book, the best defensive chance was a counter-sacrifice, bur White missed 20.lt:lxe4! and lost without much resistance.

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?.tiJO! A well-known pawn sacrifice, seeking quick development and maximum mobility. To the same end, White can play 7.Wg4 or 7.Wd4.

89

Chapter 5 - The French Defence One of the most aggressive continuations. The machine prefers 8.'1Mfd4 cxb2 9.j,xb2 aS 1 0.b5;!;.

prise, ir is far from obvious how the story will end.

17 �xh7 18.'1Wg5? Beginning a comedy of errors. White must continue with rhe standard: 1 8.ttlg5t This branches our into fantastic variations, with White as first violin. 1 8 ... 'tt> gs 1 9.'1Mfd3 •••

8 cxb2 9.Lb2 �d7? Black had to play 9 ... ttle7 instead. .••

10J3c3?! White can already get a decisive advantage by temporarily doubling his material investment: l O.tt:Jd4! '1Mfxe5t l l .!!e3 '1Mff6 1 2.'\Mfa l ! e5 1 3.ttJf3 ttJe7 1 4.tt:lxe5+10 '\Mfbs l l..ie2?! It seems strange to put the bishop here when rhe more active l l .j,d3;!; is possible. White obviously did nor want to reduce rhe mobility of the rook along the third rank, bur this was a lesser priority. .••

l l...�e7 12.\Wd2 0-0 13.l3e3 �f5 Winning a tempo, bur missing a better opportunity: 1 3 ... tt:Jb6! 1 4.!!a3 tt:lc4 1 5.j,xc4 dxc4+ 14.!!a3 �b6 15.g4 �e7 16 .id3 �c4 •

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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17.hh7t! A typical sacrifice in the French. It is definitely the best choice in the position, although with so many white pieces en

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1 9 ... tt:Jf5! An excellent defensive sacrifice. Much worse is 1 9 ... ttlg6 20.'1Mfh3 !!e8 2 1 .'1Mfh7t Wf8 22.!!f3 tt:Jcxe5 23.!!xf7t tt:Jxf7 24.'1Mfxg7t ctle7 25.'1Mfxf7t ctld8 26.'1Mfxg6 and White has a winning attack. 20.gxf5 f6! It is essential to eliminate the powerful knight. The greedy 20 ... tt:Jxb2 is nor good: 2 1 .'1Mfd4 tt:lc4 (2 l ...!!e8 22.f6 tt:lc4 23.f4 gxf6 24.ttlh7! tt:lxa3 25.ttlxf6t with a quick mare to follow) 22.'1Mfh4 !!d8 (22 ...'\MfxeSt 23.!!e3 '1Mfxf5 24.!!h3+-) 23.ttle4! '1Mfc7 (23 .. .f6 24.!!g3 '1Mfxe5 25.!!xg7t! and mate in four) 24.!!h3 ctlf8 25.'1Mfg5 ctle8 26.!!h8t ctld7 27.fXe6t fXe6 28.ttlc5t ctlc6 29.!!xd8 tt:lxe5 30.!!f8 and White is probably winning. 2 1 .fXe6 fXg5 22.'1Mfxd5 tt:lxa3 23.e7t j,e6 24.exf8='1Mft ctlxf8 25.'1Mfxe6 ttJxc2t 26.We2 '1Mrc8 27.'1Mfd6t We8 28.'1Mfg6t ctlf8 29.'1Mfe4 'IMfc6 30. 'IMfxc6 bxc6

Positional Chess Sacrifices

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2 l ... '®xg5! 22.'®xg5 f6 23.'®h5 a5-+

19.'®h5t c;!?gs 20.tLlg5 E!:e8 2U�f3 tLlgxe5 Maximum resistance, but without any real hope, can be achieved by: 2 l ...Ei:e7 22.'®h7t c;f;>f8 23.'®xg6 tt:lxe5 24.i.xe5 '®xe5t 25.c;f;>fl '®c7 26.'kt>g2 a5 27.tt:lh7t c;f;>e8 28.'®xg7+-

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White has only a slight advantage in the endgame.

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22Jhf7! With mate now inevitable, Black resigned. 1-0 b

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ts . �g6n The decisive mistake, which turns the evaluation on its head. .

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Black could have refuted his opponent's attack by giving up his queen in a heroic counter­ sacrifice: 1 8 ... \t>g8 1 9.'®h5 tt:lxb2 20.tt:lg5 '®xe5t 2 l .Ei:e3

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Post-game reflections This dramatic game featured numerous errors on both sides. White could have obtained a winning position early in the opening with IO.tt:ld4!, but it looks like he became too fixated on using his rook on the third rank, which caused him to play a few inaccurate moves. Later he managed to launch a powerful attack with 1 7.i.xh7t!, bur then followed it up incorrectly and gave Black a chance to turn the tables by giving up his queen for several pieces. Bur Black failed to adjust to the changing requirements of the position, and his king soon perished in the flames of the attack.

Chapter 6

The Caro-Kann Defence The Caro-Kann provides an almost bullet­ proof method for Black to gain a foothold in the centre. It is a more modern opening than, say, the French Defence, but it has gained a lot of adherents with its positionally sound approach. One of the reasons may be that it poses more refined strategic problems to "draw-hunters" playing with the white pieces, as it almost never gives rise to a symmetrical pawn structure.

l.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.lLld2 dxe4 4.lbxe4 lbd7 5.ic4 lbgf6 6.lLlg5 e6 7.Wfe2 lLlb6 8.id3 h6 9.lLl5f3 c5 I O.dxc5 lbbd7!? This is all theory. Of course it is desirable to take on c5 with the knight, although 1 0 ...ixc5 is not so bad. For example: l l .CtJe5 0-0 1 2.tt:lgf3 tt:lbd7 1 3.0-0 b6 1 4J:l:dl tt:lxe5 1 5.tt:lxe5 Wfe7 =

l l .b4

Readers may have a hard life following some of the more heavily commented games in this chapter; so I will start with a miniature to get the ball rolling and inspire some confidence. Which death is preferable to every other? "7he unexpected" - Julius Caesar

Janis Klovans - Felix Levin Sverdlovsk 1987

Points to look for in this game: • A theoretical pawn sacrifice from Black 1 0 .. .lt:Jbd7!? • Tactics on the e6-square - 1 3.tt:lxe6!? in the notes, and a mating combination to force resignation in the game

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l l . .. a5!? A slightly unusual move, but not a bad one. The most popular continuation has been l l ... tt:ld5.

Positional Chess Sacrifices

92

Another possibility is: l l ...b6 12.lt:ld4 lt:ldS Also possible is 1 2 ... lt:lxcS 1 3.i.bSt lt:lcd7.

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1 3.lt:lxe6!? A speculative sacrifice which should not succeed against accurate defence. 1 3 ... fxe6 1 4.i.g6t xf7 8.lt:le5t rJle8 9.j,d3+7.j,c4 e6 8.h3 j,xf3 9.lt:lxf3;!; White has more space, the two bishops and a lasting edge.

6. . .e6 7.�e2!? With his move order, White shows clear intentions of castling queenside. 7.lt:l 1 f3 This is still playable, though it does not promise as much as before. 7 ... h6 7 ...j,d6 8.lt:le5! j,xe5 (8 ... tt'lh6±) 9.dxe5 Wlxd1 t 1 0.'it>xd1 tt'lg4 1 l .Ei:e 1 b5 1 2.f3 h6 1 3.fxg4 hxg5 1 4.j,e2 Ei:xh2 1 5.j,xg5 tt'le7 1 6.j,f3;!;

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7 .i.d6 8.i.d2 It seems that White does not want to play ltJ 1 f3. He is hoping to meet the weakening . . . h6 with tt'l5f3 rather than condemn the knight to h3. ..

8. . .�c7 9.0-0-0 b6

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Io.tin£3?! Alexei is not consistent with his previous policy. 1 0.rJ:ib 1 h6 1 I . tt'l 5f3 tt'le7 1 2.tt'le5 0-0 1 3.lt:lgf3 c5 gives White hardly anything. However, 1 0.f3!? tt'ld5 1 l .tt'le4 j,e7 1 2.rJ:ib 1 tt'lgf6 1 3.h4 0-0 14.tt'lh3 is very interesting.

Positional Chess Sacrifices

96

10... h6 l l .�h3!? Annotating the game for ChessBase, Stohl says, "True to his nature, Shirov avoids exchanges." Certainly, l l .lt:le4 lt:lxe4 1 2.1.Wxe4 lt:lf6 offers White nothing.

l l . .. �e7 12.�e5 1 2.:B:hg l !? with the idea of g2-g4, is more in Shirov's style. 12...c5!? Of course not 1 2 ... �b7? 1 3.lt:lxf7! @xf7 1 4.�xe6t+-. Instead of the double-edged text move, 1 2 ... 0-0 is quite safe:

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Let's take a look at this situation. The programs prefer White by a narrow margin, but I think that both contenders were happy with their position. So which player will be proved right then? As often happens, it will be the one who plays better!

14.�c4 Alexei pushes hard. It would appear he was not satisfied with the following line: 14.�f4 lt:led5 (14 ...lt:lfd5 1 5.dxc5 �xc5 1 6.:B:hel t) 1 5.�g3 a6 16.dxc5 �xc5 17.�d3 @g8 1 8.@bl b5

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a) 1 3.g4?! is roo optimistic, for example: 1 3 ... lt:l fd5 1 4.�d3 c5 1 5.�e4 lt:lf6 1 6.�xa8 �b7 1 7.�xa7 :B:a8 1 8.�xa8t �xa8 1 9.g5 hxg5 20.:B:hgl g4 2 1 .lt:lg5 �xe5 22.dxe5 �xe5+ b) 1 3.f4 �b7 1 4.g4 c5 1 5.dxc5 �xc5 1 6.:B:hel :B:ac8 1 7.�d3 �a6 1 8.�b4 �xb4 1 9.�xa6 :B:cd8 20.a3 �a5 2 l .�c4 �xe5 22.fxe5 lt:Jfd5 23.g5 lt:lc3 24.bxc3 �xc3 25.:B:d3 :B:xd3 26.�xd3 �xa3t should lead to a draw.

B.i.hst c;;t>rs

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1 9.c4 This is the only way for White to keep some initiative, but it provokes a lot of exchanges. 1 9 ...bxc4 20.lt:lxc4 �xg3 2 1 .hxg3 �b7 22.:B:cl lt:l b4 23.lt:lf4 �d5 24.f3 lt:lxd3 25.�xd3 �f2 26.lt:le3 �xg3 27.lt:lfxd5 lt:lxd5 28.lt:lxd5 exd5 Mter some complications, the game will end peacefully.

97

Chapter 6 - The Caro-Kann Defence In positions such as that after move 1 3, a strong tactician may be at a disadvantage compared with an intuitive player. The former will hardly admit that White is not much better or even winning; therefore, he may discard the best move "by elimination".

14... cxd4 15.ttlxd6 Y;ltxd6 16.i.f4 Weaker is 1 6 ..ic3 e5 1 7.f4 .ig4 1 8.'Wxe5 'Wxe5 1 9.fxe5 dxc3 20.exf6 gxf6 2 1 .l"i:d6 ltlf5 22.l"i:d5 cxb2t 23.c;!;>xb2 'tt> g7 24.4Jf2 ltle7+. 16 ...Y;ltd5 This allows a combination, but 1 6 ...'Wc5 is probably worse: 1 7 ..ie5 a6 1 8 ..ia4 ltlf5 1 9.l"i:he1 .id7 20.g4 .ixa4 2 1 .gxf5 l"i:c8 22.l"i:d2;!;

birds with one stone. The bad news is that three of them (weakening the king's position, exposing the c-pawn and leaving the light­ squared bishop offside) are White's own birds. White discarded two variations that would end up in perpetual check: 1 8.ltlf4 'Wxa2 1 9.'Wf3 'Wal t 20.'tt> d 2 'Wa5t 2 1 . 'tt> c l =

1 8.�b1 ib7 1 9.ltlf4 'Wc5 20.l"i:he1 ltle4 2 1 ..ia6 'Wb4 22.\t>al ltlc3 23.bxc3 'Wxc3t=

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The opening phase of the game is over; for further adventures in the middlegame go to page 30 1 .

17.i.e5?! Missing his last chance to keep a sustainable initiative. White could, and probably should, "sacrifice" two rooks for the black queen: 1 7.l"i:xd4!? 'Wxd4 1 8.l"i:d 1 'Wxd 1 t 1 9.'Wxd1 .ib7 20.ie5 .ixg2 2 1 .ltlf4;!; But Alexei quite possibly considered this "too little".

You shouldn't be the first one to do something; watch someone else and learn from their mistakes - Proverb

17 ... ttlf5 18.c4?! The game has reached the point of gr�atest tension, and this move could be expressed in words as "anything for the sake of the initiative!" The good news is that this kills four

Points to look for in this game:

Teimow Radjabov- Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu Kings Tournament, Medias 20 1 1

• A positional pawn sacrifice - 1 4 ... c5!? • Exchanging a badly-placed piece 1 5.'Wxc5! in the notes

98

Positional Chess Sacrifices

The 20 1 1 edition of the Kings Tournament was not a successful event for Teimour Radjabov. After starting with a loss (against lvanchuk), he then drew eight games in a row. This game was played in the final round.

l.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.�c3 dxe4 4.�xe4 .if5 s.tlJg3 .ig6 6.�h3 This move has scored highly in this position, but it is surprisingly rare in practice. 6 ... e6 7.�f4 .id6 8.h4 a

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14...c5!? This novelty was preceded by a long period of thought, so it is reasonable to believe that it was found at the board (as was confirmed by Nisipeanu's second, lordachescu). The alternative is 1 4 ... lLlbd7 1 5.j,e2 c5 1 6.j,c3 0-0 1 7.2"i:d l cxd4 1 8.j,xd4 e5 1 9.j,e3 b6 20.'Wd6t.

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8....ixf4 Black gives up the important dark-squared bishop to speed up his development. The alternative is 8 ... 'Wc7 9.lLlxg6 (9.'Wf3 j,xc2 1 0.lLlgh5 lLld7 1 1 .lLlxg7t h8 (23 ... gxf6 24.1Mfxh6 f5 25.l'!e3+-) 24.lLlxh7 l'!e8 25.g5 1Mfe7 26.lLlf6 and White wins.

101

Chapter 6 - The Caro-Kann Defence

Petrosian was pinning his hopes on this sacrifice, but his compensation is woefully inadequate.

25.lt:lxd7! Portisch chooses the right way to take the exchange. 25 ... :B:xdl 26.:B:xdl Y!fe7 27.�xf8 �x£8 28.h4 b5 29.g5 lt:lg8

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23.a3 Portisch does not believe that Black will get enough compensation, and goes for the exchange. However, an immediate win was available: 23.:B:e3! Wfc7 24.lt:lf6t gxf6 25.:B:g3! It is unusual to follow a knight sacrifice by placing a rook in a defensive position behind its own pawn, but it meets the demands of the position by guarding g4 and preventing a defence with ... f5. 25 ... Wfxe5 26.W/xh6 :B:e4 27.ixe4 Wfxe4 28.:B:xd7 White ends up a rook ahead.

23 :B:xb3 24.lt:lc5

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30.Y!i:xh7?! This complicates White's task. An easy win would result from 30.Wif3! WfeB 3 1 .Wib7 lt:le7 32.:B:d7 lt:ld5 33.Wfc6 Wlb8 34.W/c5t 'kt>e8 35.:B:xa7.

••.

30 g6! 31.�fl Having locked his queen in the corner, matters are not so straightforward for White. •..

However, he can still win with 3 1 .:B:cl Wfd7 32.:B:c3 lt:le7 33.:B:f3 lt:lf5 34.W/h8t 'kt>e7 35.:B:c3 W/d8 36.:B:c8 Wfxh8 37.:B:xh8 lt:ld4 38.:B:b8 a6 39.:B:a8+-.

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24...:B:xbl

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3 1 . Y!Ic7 32.�gl Y!le7 33.:B:d6 a5 34.Y!Ih8 a4 35.�h2 Y!lc7 36.h5 Y!lc2 37.�g3 Y!if5 38.:B:dst �e7 •.

Positional Chess Sacrifices

102

Mihai Suba - Petar Velikov

8

Lucerne Olympiad 1982

7 6

Points to look for in this game:

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• Violent attacking ideas - 1 4.1::!d3 ! and 1 6.g4! in the note to move 4 • An intuitive pawn sacrifice - 1 7 ..ih6!? • A central battering ram - 20.c4! and 2 l .d5!

4 3 2

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39.�xg8?? Portisch must surely have been in time pressure, as this is an awful blunder. After 39.1:'1:xg8 Wxg5t 40.i>f3 Wf5t 4 l .i>e3 Wg5t 42.'it>d4 Wd2t 43.i'c5 Wxf2t 44.i'c6 the checks would soon run out.

l.c4 c6 2.e4 dS 3.exd5 cxdS 4.d4 Another game by your author had the following, very interesting development: 4.cxd5 lt'lf6 5.lt'lc3 lt'lxd5 6.lt'lf3 e6 7 ..ic4 lt'lb6?! 8 ..ib3 lt'l8d7 9.d4 lt'lf6 1 0.0-0 .ie7

39 ...�xg5t 40.h8 24.'Wh3 h6 25.i.xh6 E:xf3

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Let us now return to the game after l l.a3?!. The next ten moves are pretty uneventful, so I will refrain from commenting on them.

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26.i.xg7t! This final sacrifice crushes all resistance. 26 ... �xg7 27.'Wh7t �f8 28.i.g6+-

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l l ...i.f6 12.'Wc2 h6 13.E:adl i.d7 14.tlJxd5 exd5 15.Wib3 i.g4 16.i.bl h5 17.h3 i.xf3 18.W/xf3 g6 19.i.c3 ct/g7 20.i.a2 tlJe7 2UUel Wid?

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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22.i.b4?! Here I would have liked to have given Petrosian some of his own medicine with: 22.E:e5!? Let's see what happens if Black accepts the offer. 22 ...i.xe5 23.dxe5 'We6 Worse is 23 ...'Wf5 24.e6t 'tt> g8 25.'We3 and now:

108

Positional Chess Sacrifices

22 E:fe8 23.i.xe7 E:xe7 24.E:xe7 V!fxe7 25.Vffxd5 EMS 26.Vffc4 b5 27.V!fxb5 E:xd4 28.E:xd4 ..•

1/z-1/z

Post-game reflections

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a) 25 ...Wxe6 26.Wh6 f6 27.j,xd5 lt:lxd5 28.'1Wxg6t @h8 29.'1Wxh5t 'it>g7 30J:!xd5+­ b) 25 .. .f6 26.j,b 1 Wg5 27.Wc5 E:fe8 28.Wc7 E:ab8 29.j,d3 a6 30.h4 Wg4 (30 ...Wxh4 3 l .j,xg6+-) 3 1 .E:e 1 +c) 25 ... fxe6 26.j,b1 Wf7 27.We5 Wh7 28.Wxe6t Wf7 29.We5 Wh7 30.E:e1 E:ae8 3 1 .f3 h4 32.j,a2 E:f5 33.'1Wc7 Wf7 34.Wxb7+24.j,xd5 lt:lxd5 25.E:xd5 Threatening to oust the queen and open the long diagonal.

This was a short and mostly uneventful game, but it was interesting for the exchange sacrifice that might have been. The key was to consider what would happen if Black declined the sacrifice, as he should and probably would have done. In that case the white rook could simply retreat to e2, and the lost tempo would be of virtually no consequence as the position was equal regardless. At the same time I would have lost nothing by giving my opponent a chance to go wrong, and I might just have tempted him into making a bad decision. The next game will receive more detailed commentary as it is especially rich in tactical possibilities. we cannot resist thefascination ofsacrifice, since a passion for sacrifices is part of a chessplayer's nature - Rudolf Spielmann

Alexander Morozevich - Artashes Minasian lsranbul Olympiad 2000

Points to look for in this game: a

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25 ... E:ad8 26.E:a5 b5 27.E:xa7± Unfortunately, Black can decline the offer and play the simple 22 ... E:fd8!. But I should have offered the exchange sacrifice anyway, even if only for psychological reasons. I could then just retreat the rook to e2. The way I played made the defence just too easy for the "Tiger". The rest of the game is flat and I won't add any further comments.

• •

An interesting pawn sacrifice - 1 2.0-0!? A powerful exchange sacrifice - 1 7.E:xe6t! Winning by improving the worst piece 1 9.j,g3! in the notes

l.c4 c6 2.e4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4.d4 lt:lf6 5.�c3 �c6 This is the most challenging move against the Panov Attack. 5 ... e6 is solid, but a bit passive. 6.i.g5 e6

1 09

Chapter 6 - The Caro-Kann Defence 6 ....ie6 and 6 ...dxc4 are serious alternatives which are featured in the next two games. Mter the text move both sides will have a variety of alternatives available over the next few moves, bur I do not want to get too distracted so we will fast-forward to the most interesting part of the game.

7.c!Llf3 ib4 8.id3 dxc4 9.ixc4 h6 10.ih4 hc3t l l.bxc3 ¥Na5 b

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I 7 ...1.Mfa5! I 8.1.Mfd6 1.Mfd5! 1 9.1.Mfxd5 exd5 20.CiJxc6 bxc6 2 l .l'!xc6 0-0 22.!'\el .if5=

16.gfel t ie6 Avoiding this self-pin is no better: 1 6 .. .cj{fg 1 7.1.Mfb3 'it>g8 I 8.h3 1.Mfc7 I 9 ..ig3 1.Mfd8 20.!!c5 CiJe7 2 l .!!c7 gives White a very strong grip on the position.

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12.0-0!? I 2.Ek I is by no means a bad move, bur Morozevich decides to offer an unclear pawn sacrifice instead. 12...c!Lld5 I 2 .. .'1Mfxc3? I 3.:!:ki 1.Mfa5 I 4 ..ixf6 gxf6 I 5.d5 CiJe7 I 6.!!e I is much too dangerous for Black. 13.gcl c!Llxc3 14.¥Nd3 c!Lld5 The machine wants to play 1 4 ... CiJxa2!?, but few human players would be willing to venture this move. 15.hd5 exd5? Black underestimates the danger of opening the centre. I 5 ...1.Mfxd5 was necessary. Black may have been afraid of I6.1.Mfa3 f6 I 7.CiJe5!, but he can equalize with cool defence:

17.gxe6t! A second intuitive sacrifice. White has no immediate mate, but Morozevich has correctly assessed Black's weak king and poor piece coordination as the most significant factors in the position. 17...fxe6 18.¥Ng6t c;f;>f8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a

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19.c!Lle5 Not a bad move, but White would have done better to bring his bishop into the attack:

1 10

Positional Chess Sacrifices

1 9.ig3! 1Mfa3 Or 1 9 ... tLle7 20.id6 \Wd8 2 1 .\Wxe6 and White threatens 22.tLle5 or 22.Ek7. 20Jl:c5! Wg8 2 1 .1Mfxe6t c7 23.ie5t id6 and Black is at least equal. 1 8 ... 'tt> e8 a

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1 l ...tt:lxf3 l l ...ixf3 1 2.gxf3 1"l:c8 1 3.fxe5 El:xc4 1 4.exf6 tt:le6 ( 1 4 ... g6 1 5.ie3 was also good for White in Dubinsky - Nazarenus, Germany 2004) 1 5.8:he l El:c8 1 6.\t>b l h6 1 7.ie3 gxf6 1 8.tt:ld5 ie7 1 9.ixa7 El:g8 20.1"l:d3 1"l:g2 2 1 .1"l:b3 El:xh2 22.1"l:xb7± White went on to win in P.H. Nielsen - L. Dominguez, Esbjerg 2003. 1 2.gxf3 ixf3 1 2 ...ie6 1 3.ixe6 (more dangerous than 1 3.id3 ie7 14.f5 id7 1 5.8:hel 0-0-0 1 6.1"l:xe5 id6, which eventually led to a draw in J. Polgar - Bareev, Elista [3] 2007) 13 ... fxe6 1 4.fxe5 tt:ld7 1 5.ltlb5 1"l:c8t 1 6.\t>b l El:c5 1 7.tt:ld6t ixd6 1 8.1"l:xd6 El:xe5 1 9.f4 El:e4 20.8:hdl tt:lf8 2 1 .1"l:d8t 'tt> f7 22.1"l:b8 and the situation is becoming desperate for Black.

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1 3.fxe5 ixhl 1 4.exf6 El:c8 1 5.1"l:e l t d7 1 6.1"l:d l t e8 1 7.1"l:e l t 'tt> d7 1 8.1"l:dl t

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1 9.id3!N A program helped me to find this strong move. It is likely that lvanchuk had also found this novelty, and that it was the surprise awaiting Beliavsky had he played this variation. Chucky is excellent in such matters, and is perhaps the world's foremost expert in the dynamic evaluation of the opening moves. The continuation 1 9.ie2 h6 20.ih4 g5 2 l .ig3 ie4 22.ig4 El:xc3t 23.bxc3 ia3t 24.�d2 h5+, as in Jakovenko - I..:Am i, Wijk aan Zee 2007, cannot impress anybody. 1 9 ...if3 The alternatives are equally disastrous: 1 9 ... h6 20.1"l:el t 'tt> d7 2 l .if5t+19 ... 1"l:xc3t 20.bxc3 ic6 2 l .ib5 g6 22.ixc6t bxc6 23.if4 ia3t 24.c2+­ Any protest about the assessment? I thought it didn't look too bad for Black after he castles. One might even try that in a tournament and get away with it, but my program is more intransigent than an arbiter, and won't let me play an illegal move!

115

Chapter 6 - The Caro-Kann Defence 20.�e l t i>d? 2 L.tf5t c4

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I think we have digressed enough for the first seven moves and it is high time to return to the main game.

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27.i>c2! .txe7 28.fxe7 Threatening mate in three, starting with 29 ..tb5t. 28 ... .tc6 29.a3 .te4t 30.lt:lxe4 c8 1 6 ..ixc6 Wxc6 1 7.1Mff5t+.

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1 S ..ia4! 1Mfxa4 1 9.1Mfg3t 'it>a7 20.1Mfe3t b 8 2 l .ltJb6 .ih6 2 1 ...1Mfc6 22.ltJxd7t !!xd7 23.We8t 'it>c7 24.�xd7t 1Mfxd7 25.�cl t +22.1Mfe7 Wc6 23.ltJxd7t 'it>cS 24.�e4 �deS 25.1Mfxe8t !!xeS 26.�xeSt 'it>c7 27.�e7 Wc2 2S.ltJxf6t 'it>bS 29.�fl a7 30.ltJe4 White is winning.

10 ..ib5t .id7 1 1.0-0 It is obvious that White's opening has been a success. Black is well behind in development and it will not be at all easy to find a safe place for his king.

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Chapter 6 - The Caro-Kann Defence

1 17

14.�d5! A beautiful exploitation of the pin. 14 0-0-0 Trying to avoid a catastrophe, but it is too late. •..

14 ... exd5 is no better: 1 5.1'!fe l t i.e? 1 6.Wxf6 0-0-0 (or 1 6 ... 1'!g8 1 7.i.xc6t bxc6 1 8.1'!xe7t Wxe7 1 9.Wxc6t +-) 1 7.1'!xe7 Wd6 1 8.Wxd6 1'!xd6 1 9.i.xc6 1'!xc6 20.g3 1'!d8 2 1 .1'!xf7 and White should win. a

15.hc6 exd5 1 5 ...Wxc6? loses to 1 6.1'!cl i.c5 17.lt:le7t. 16.hd5 White recoups the sacrificed pawn and keeps a dominant position. Black's drawing chances are minimal, notwithstanding the opposite­ coloured bishops. 16 ... �b8 17-l:�d 'Wd7 18J:�cd1!? Ivanchuk changes his mind about where to put his rooks - a slight surprise, but his position is strong enough to allow this small indulgence. 1 8.1'!fd 1 was natural and strong. 18 i.e7 It is a safe bet that after 1 8 . . .W c7 Ivanchuk would not have settled for a move repetition.

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22.i.xb7! A neat tactical blow to decide the game. 22 ... 1'!xcl 23.1'!xcl 'Wxb7 24.'Wf4t �aS 25.gc7 1-0 Whether through disgust with his position or simply trust in Chucky's technique, Beliavsky decided to resign here. Black would indeed have no hope after either 25 ...Wb4 26.We3 Wb6 27.Wf3t 'it>b8 28.1'!xe7+-, or 25 ...Wd5 26.1'!xe7 1'!d8 27.Wxf6 1'!c8 28.Wf4 1'!c4 29.1'!e8t \flb7 30.1'!b8t 'it>a6 3 1 .1'!d8!+-. Post-game reflections

•..

19.g3 'Wc7 20J�c1 'Wd7 21.1'!fd1 gc8? The best defence is 2 l ...f5 22.i.c6 Wc7 23.i.d7 We5 24.1'!e1 Wf6 25.i.xf5 h6 26.We4 i.d6 27.1'!c3 i.e?, but even here White's advantage should be decisive.

Though I have generally tried to avoid looking at sacrifices known to opening theory, I felt the above game was too good an example to omit. Ivanchuk's play was exemplary, and I was also keen to explore some of the other theoretical possibilities, especially White's methods of pursuing his initiative after 7 ... Wxd4. The goal is not so much to memorize a sequence of moves leading to a forced win (although this might be of interest to players who enjoy such things) but rather to develop our understanding of how to develop a dynamic initiative.

Chapter?

The Sicilian Defence The Sicilian is by far the most frequent answer to l .e4 today. Its populariry is due not only to more players having a profound understanding of the principles ruling the game. Half a century ago, drawing a game with the black pieces was a most honourable result, whereas nowadays, due to the proliferation of Swiss tournaments and to the "commercial" and ill-conceived rating system, there is greater pressure on the better player to win, irrespective of colour. This encourages openings which are strategically imbalanced. Ideally for our theme, almost every variation of the Sicilian creates opportunities for sacrifices, by both sides. For anyproverbflaunting its wits, there is another one, equal and opposite, to contradict it - And this applies to my mottos too!

Dunaev - Tigran Petrosian USSR U 1 8 Championship, Leningrad 1 946

l.e4 cS V!ljf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.tlJxd4 tlJf6 s.tlJc3 e6 6.�e2 a6 7.a4 �e7 Petrosian expressed doubts about the move 7.a4, which weakens the b4-square. I would be more inclined to distrust Black's move order. Those who do not like the quick development of the queen's knight to c6 should play the more elastic 7 ...Vffc7 to avoid problems involving the b6-square - see the next note. 8.�e3 V!fc7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

Points to look for in this game: • Decentralizing, aimless play from White 1 6.a5? and 1 8.tt:la4? • A positional exchange sacrifice 1 9 ... E:xe4! • Domination in the centre - 23 ... fxe4! and 24 ... d5

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9.tiJb3?! This move has little logic and is not played by strong players. But we shouldn't be too severe, as the theory of most variations in the Sicilian was little developed at that time.

1 19

Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence Relative to its period, we must consider this game almost revolutionary. Let's look at two newer treatments of this variation: 9.a5!? 0-0 1 0.0-0 tt'lbd7 1 l .tt'l b3 b5 1 2.axb6 tt'lxb6 1 3.Wfd4 tt'lbd7 14J::!: fd1 tt'lc5 1 5.tt'lb5 Wfb8 1 6.tt'lxd6 tt'lxb3 1 7.cxb3 .ixd6 1 8.Wfxd6 tt'lxe4

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9 ... b6 I O.f4 .ib? I I.i.f.3 ltlbd7 12.0-0 Ei:c8

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1 9.Wfd4 ( 1 9.Wfe7±) 1 9 ....ib7 20 ..if3 (20.b4t) 20 ...Ei:d8 and a draw was soon agreed in Sutovsky - Yudasin, Israel 1 996. 9.f4!? 0-0 1 0.0-0 b6 1 l ..if3 ib7 1 2.Wfe2 tt'lbd7 1 3.g4 tt'lc5 ( 1 3 ... d5 1 4.e5 tt'le4 1 5.tt'lxe4 dxe4 1 6 . .ig2 Ei:fd8 1 7.if2 tt'lc5=)

Petrosian said that 1 2 ... Ei:b8!? is better, because it will save a tempo compared to the game. This is certainly true and I can give the reader another reason for it: if White puts pressure on the e6-pawn (as in the note to White's 1 6th move below), the black bishop may come back to c8 to protect it.

13.g4 A typical attacking plan against the Scheveningen formation. However, in this position it was better to prepare it by 1 3.Wfe2 (or 1 3.\We l ) and 1 4.Ei:ad l . 13... ltlc5 In his youth Petrosian was less cautious. Black would be safer after 1 3 ... h6!. 14.ltlxc5 bxc5 1 5.g5 ltld7 8

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1 4.Wfg2! Ei:fe8 1 5.g5 tt'lfd7 1 6.Ei:ad1 Ei:ac8 1 7.h4 .if8 1 8.h5 e5 1 9.tt'lde2 exf4 20.tt'lxf4 tt'le5 2 l .tt'lfd5 Wfd8 22.h6 \t>h8 23 ..ig4 Ei:a8 24.hxg7t .ixg7 25.if5± and White went on to win in Ivanchuk - Romanishin, Lvov 1 987.

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1 20

Positional Chess Sacrifices

16.a5? This is absolute nonsense, losing time and weakening White's queenside even further. White could get a strong initiative by: 1 6.f5! tt:le5 1 7.fxe6 fxe6 18 ..ig4 '1Wd7 19 ..ih3±

Not at all bad! Tigran Vartanovich always liked to play towards the centre. However, according to the program, 2 1 ...0-0 is even stronger.

16 .. J�b8 17.'?Nd2 �c6 18.lLia4? Instead of recognizing his mistake at move 1 6, White makes another one "to justify it". 18 ..J�b4 19.b3

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19..Jhe4! A trademark exchange sacrifice from the young Petrosian. 20.c4 Taking the rook immediately would leave White terribly weak on the light squares, so Dunaev sensibly prepares to recruit his knight for the role of executioner. 20...h6! Posing additional problems on the kingside. 2l.g6? After 2 l .tt:lc3 a complicated fight would still lie ahead: 2 1 ...l:!xe3 22.'1Wxe3 hxg5 23 ..ixc6 '!Wxc6 24.fxg5 tt:le5 25.l'!a2 '!Wb?+ 21 ...£5

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22... lLif6! 23 ..ixe4 fxe4! Petrosian correctly judges that a central pawn roller will be more significant than a piece outpost on e4. 24J�ad1 The last chance to stay in the game was 24.b4! cxb4 25.tt:le2, but even then White's position is suspicious to say the least. 24...d5 25.cxd5 exd5 26.£5 d4 27.�f4 '?Nc8 28.lLle2 '?Nxf5 White loses "even his bags!" as Romanian chess jargon has it. The central pawn mass is a true annihilator. 29.�g3 '?Nxg6 30.liJf4 '?Nf7 3l.'?Nc2 g5 32.lLle2 d3 0-1 Post-game reflections This main theme of this game was Black's central strategy triumphing over White's flank

121

Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence actiVIty. Having already advanced o n the kingside with f4, g4 and g5, White failed to follow up with the principled 1 6.f5!, which would have brought him some initiative, instead favouring the totally inconsistent 1 6.a5? and 1 8.lLla4?. With his opponent's forces spread thinly across the board, Petrosian seized the moment with a powerful exchange sacrifice, and the game was effectively decided.

Rashid Nezhmetdinov - Oleg Chemikov

Points to look for in this game:

• •

9.Y:'lxg4 ltlxd4 10.Y:'lh4 Nowadays l O.'Wd l ! IS preferred, ensuring White a small plus. lO .Y:'la5 More solid is 1 0 ... d6 1 1 .0-0 �e6 12.Ei:ad l lLlxb3 1 3.axb3 'We? 1 4.�d4t. ..

1 1.0-0 i.f6

Rostov-on-Don 1 962

•

8... ltlg4 This cheeky jump is quite dubious; more promising are 8 ... d6 and 8 ... a5.

An imaginative, though not fully correct queen sacrifice - 1 2.'Wxf6?! Black misses the best defence - 16 ...'Wd8! Simple but effective tactics - 1 9.lLlxf6! in the notes

The following game became famous in its day, and has remained a classic example of a queen sacrifice. Despite the charming tactics displayed, it is time to look at it more objectively and draw the correct and helpful conclusions.

l.e4 c5 2.ltlf3 ltlc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.ltlxd4 g6 5.�c3 .ig7 6..ie3 ltlf6 7..ic4 0-0 s.i.b3

8 � m.tu �� ·� 7 %�·- · - · - · 6 - - � lR 5 �S{J �� �� '"""� �- �� � �Ni � h ' " " � � 3 -�� m � �-- -�o �� 2 �Hti_;� � - "�" ·li= -----�

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U/f'"" ' ;�''0.

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�----�

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12.Y:'lxf6?! A most enterprising queen sacrifice. As for correctness, well... we should not be too scrupulous when talking about "intuitive" sacrifices. It was not too late for White to play normal moves such as 1 2.'Wg4 d6 1 3.'Wd I t. 12... �e2t! An important finesse. 13.ltlxe2 exf6 14.�c3 �e8 15.ltld5 �e6 16..id4 'it>g7 Coming directly into the pin is not a good idea.

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A better defence is: 1 6 ...'Wd8! 1 7.f4 Ei:c6

Positional Chess Sacrifices

1 22

Robert Fischer Efim Geller

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Skopje 1 967

6

Points to look for in this game:

5 4 3

L._._,pn.'//,

• An intuitive piece sacrifice - I 6.fxe6! • A further sacrifice to devastate the defences - I 7.:B:xf6! in the notes • Missing a win - 20.'1Wf4!! in the notes

�///./•'/· _,c .cJ//

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I 8.f5 (or I 8.�a4 b5 I 9.�xb5 :B:d6+) I 8 ... g5 I 9 .:B:fe 1 a5 20.a4 b6 2 l .e5 fxe5 22.�xe5 'it>f8 23.:B:adi �b7+

17.�adl d6 Too slow; Black can obtain equal chances with I 7 ... b6 I 8 .lt:Jc7 �b7. ts.�d3 �d7 t9.�a More accurate is I 9.lt:lxf6! :B:xf6 20.:B:f3 �e6 2 I .:B:xf6 Wg8 22.�xe6 fxe6 23.:B:xe6 '!Welt.

Efim Petrovich (like Spassky in the early games, and also Tal) was a troublesome opponent for Fischer, and he won several games against him with the black pieces. The following is the most famous of them.

l.e4 c5 2.lt:Ja d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.lt:Jxd4 ttlf6 s.ttlc3 lt:Jc6 6.�c4 e6 7.�e3 �e7 8.�b3 Possibly the best continuation, although 8.'1We2 is much more popular. 8 .. 0-0 9.'1We2 .

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The opening phase of the game is over; for further adventures in the middlegame go to page 290.

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9 '\WaS?! Not the most accurate move. •••

9 ... a6 is too slow. Here is one beautiful game: I 0.0-0-0 '1Wc7 (or I 0 ...'1Wa5 I I .:B:hg i ! with the idea of g2-g4-g5) I I .g4 lt:lxd4 1 2.:B:xd4! b5 ( 1 2 ... e5?! 1 3.:B:c4! '1Wd8 I 4.g5 lt:Je8 1 5.:B:xc8!

1 23

Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence 1'!xc8 1 6.h4 CiJc7 1 7JWg4 with a strong attack) 1 3.g5 CiJd7 14.'Wh5 CiJe5 1 5.f4 CiJc6 1 6.1'!d3 CiJ b4 1 7 .1'!d2 1'!d8 1 8 .f5 g6 1 9. fxg6 hxg6 20.'Wh4 CiJc6 2l .'Wg3 CiJe5 22.h4 �b7 23.h5 b4 24.hxg6 CiJxg6 25.1'!dh2 bxc3 26.�d4 e5 8 7 6 5 4

like 1 l ...'Wg5t 1 2.i>b 1 'Wxg2, which a contemporary player wouldn't even dream of.

1 2.i>bl .ic6 13.£4 gadS In this position the danger is not e4-e5 but rather f4-f5, so it follows that Black must arrange ... b5-b4 as quickly as possible. Black should thus have preferred 1 3 ... b5, and after 1 4.e5 dxe5 1 5.fxe5 CiJd7 1 6.CiJe4 �xe4 1 7.'Wxe4 CiJc5 he has good chances to equalize. 14,ghfl Preparing to advance the f-pawn, but that could be done immediately: 1 4.f5!

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27.1'!h8t!! CiJxh8 28.g6! �f6 29.gxf7t i>f8 30.1'!h7!+- Velimirovic - M. Nikolic, Belgrade 1 967. It was later found that both 9 ... d5 and 9 ... CiJd7 give Black good chances to equalize.

10.0-0-0 �xd4 1 1 ..ixd4 Also possible is l l .:!'!xd4 �d7 1 2.g4!? e5 1 3.1'!dd1 �xg4 1 4.f3 �e6 1 5.1'!hg1 g6 1 6.�b l .

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1 4 ...exf5 ( 1 4 ... e5 1 5.�f2 d5? 1 6.exd5 CiJxd5 1 7.CiJxd5 �xd5 1 8 .'Wxe5+-) 1 5.exf5 1'!fe8 1 6.'Wd3±

14...b5 8 7 6

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The position is balanced. White has compensation for the pawn, but nothing more.

l l ... .id7 At that time, curiously enough, the commentators took into consideration lines

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1 24

Positional Chess Sacrifices

15.f5! Geller gives this thematic move two exclamation marks and evaluates the position as winning for White. I find this claim rather exaggerated.

22.l'!g3t 'ii? f8 23.Wxh7!+20.We6 Wd8 2 l .l'!fl l'!b4 22 ..ixc3 l'!xe4 Now the game ends in a tactical shoorout.

15 ... b4?! It is only after this move that White's attack gathers real momentum. White could have been limited to a modest positional advantage by an anti-positional move: 1 5 ... e5! 1 6 ..ie3 h6 1 7.lt:Jd5 .ixd5 1 8 ..ixd5 Wa4 1 9.-icl l'!c8 20.l'!f3 b4;!;

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23.l'!xf6! l'!e1 t! A good try, but it just falls short. 24 ..ixe1 .ixf6 25 ..ia5!!+-

16.fxe6! A natural and strong sacrifice. 16...bxc3 17.exf7t Not bad, but Murey and Geller showed a more precise finish: 1 7.l'!xf6! gxf6 1 7 ....ixf6 1 8 ..ixf6 gxf6 1 9.e7± 1 8.exf7t But not 1 8.Wg4t? Wg5! 1 9.exf7t l'!xf7 20.We6 l'!df8 2 1 .Wxe7 Wd2!. 1 8 ... 'ii?h 8

Fischer's move is not quite as accurate, but Black is still in deep trouble.

17 ... h8 18.l'!f5! Preventing the black queen from joining the defence. 18 ...'ilYb4 1 9.'ilYfl! �xe4 8 7 6 5

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1 9.Wg4! Now this works perfectly, as the black queen cannot come to g5. 1 9 ... l'!b8 1 9 ....id7 20.Wh4 'ii?g7 2 l .l'!d3 l'!xf7

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20.a3? Bobby fails to strike while the iron is hot! He missed a spectacular win by 20.Wf4!!, with

Chapter 7

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125

The Sicilian Defence

the threat of:!"i:h5. Of course, this position was so much analysed in the chess press and books that anything I say would only be repeating what has already been written. I shall leave the reader the pleasure of checking that the move does indeed win.

20 YlVb7 2l.YlVf4 Repentance comes too late. •..

opportunities of 1 7.:!"i:xf6! and 20.'W'f4!! were more difficult to find, and relied more heavily on the calculation element - although a well­ developed sense of intuition could also play a supporting role in finding these moves. Of course the game of chess is so difficult that even the best players fail to get it right sometimes, and on this occasion what was so nearly an attacking masterpiece from Fischer quickly turned into a bitter defeat against his nemesis.

8

Bent Larsen UlfAndersson -

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Manila 1 974

6

Points to look for in this game:

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• White missed a strong pawn sacrifice -

1 8 .tLld5! in the notes

3

• Black misses a good chance - 22 ... g6

2

23.lLlxd6 :!"i:xc3! in the notes • Better late than never - 27 ... :!"i:xc3! a

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2l. ..i.a4! Launching a deadly counterattack.

l.e4 c5 2.h 1 to be the strongest move, but a theoretical discussion would take us too far afield. l l ... �xd4 12 ..ixd4 e5 13 ..ie3 exf4 I4J&xf4 .ie6 15.'1Wg3 �d7 16 ..id4 �e5 17..id3 '!Wa5 Possibly not best; 1 7 ...\Wd8 looks safer.

26.'it>h 1 Wxb2 27 ..ixd5t 'tt> h8 28.\We 1 =) 20 ...We6 2 1 .E:afl Wh6 22 ..ie4 E:ac8 23 ..id5;!; White has more than enough play for a pawn.

18 ...E:ac8 19.�e2 E:fe8 20..ic3 '!Wd8 2l.�d4 .ig5 22.�£5 .ix£5?! Black misses the chance to initiate favourable complications: 22 ... g6 23.lLlxd6

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18.g;,hl?! On this occasion, Larsen's famous cold­ bloodedness does not serve him well. This standard prophylactic move is rather slow here and allows Black to build a strong defence. More enterprising is: 1 8 .ltld5! .ixd5 1 9.exd5 Wxd5

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23 ... E:xc3! 24.lLlxe8 lLlxd3 25.cxd3 .ixf4 (or 25 ...E:xd3 26.E:f3 E:xf3 27.gxf3 .ih4 28.\Wf4 g5 29.\Wf6 Wxe8 30.E:d 1 .id7+) 26.\Wxf4 E:xd3 27.lLlf6t 'tt>g7 28.E:fl E:d 1 29.lLld5 E:xfl t 30.\Wxfl Wg5 3 1 .\Wc4 Wd2 32.\Wc3t Wxc3 33.lLlxc3 i>f6 with an excellent endgame for Black. Had he seen it, Andersson would certainly have gone for this, even against another endgame expert such as Larsen.

23.E:xf5 .ih4 24.'1Wh3 g6 25.E:f4 .ig5 26.E:fl '!Wb6 27.E:afl

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20.c4! (20 ..ic4 Wc6 2 l .c3 d5 22 ..ixe5 f6 23 ..ia2 fxe5 24.E:xf8t E:xf8 25.\Wxe5 Wb6t a

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Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence

27.. J'hc3! I hope the rationale for this sacrifice will be easy for the readers to understand. In one fell swoop, Black ruins the enemy's structure and the cooperation between his pieces. This thematic sacrifice has a bonus here: the minor piece annihilated on c3 is not a knight but White's good bishop. 28.bxc3 Wfc5 29.Wfg3 i.d8 30J::!b l ge7 31 .gb3 Wfc6 32.gfl

1 27

Eric Lobron - Mihai Suba World Team Championship, Lucerne 1 985

Points to look for in this game: • A promising yet unnecessary pawn

sacrifice - 1 4 ... lt:lf4!? • Failing to make the most of the initiative - 1 9 ... e5?! • But White returns the favour - 20.'We3?! and 28.a4?!

l.e4 c5 2.tlJf3 d6 3.d4 tlJf6 4.tlJc3 cxd4 5.tlJxd4 e6 6.g4 h6 Kasparov did not like this move, which was not suited to his counterpunching style. He played it just once (against Karpov in 1 984) and had to fight for a draw. Perhaps the Keres Attack was his reason for switching to the Najdorf.

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32...i.b6 Since the exchange sacrifice, both sides have played with admirable precision, and here 32 ...'Wxa4 33.'We3 'Wc6 34.'Wd4 would have kept the balance. Bur instead of regaining material, Ulf prefers to bring the bishop into play. However, the bishop may have been "more in play" when defending the kingside. 33.h3 i.c5 34.gal �g7 35.Wfh4 ge6 36.gfl Wfd7 37.i.e2 Wfc6 38.Wff4 Wfc7 39.h4 h6 40.a5 Wfe7 41.g3 h5 42.�g2 tlJc6 43.i.c4 The continuation of this game can be found on page 334 in the middlegame section. The following game was played when my rating was only 2465.2

7.h4 a6 Another possibility for Black is 7 ... lt:lc6, while other options, such as 7 ...�e7, are weaker. My choice of the text move was not based wholly on my own preferences. In the same match, IM Mihai Ghinda was playing against Kindermann on board three, and our games started with the same moves. Ghinda and I had prepared the Scheveningen together, looking at both 7 ... a6 and 7 ... lt:Jc6. I felt that he was more familiar with the latter, and to avoid a possible duplication of games I played the text move quickly. Mihai understood, continued with 7 ... lt:Jc6, and won his game too.

8.i.g2 tlJ c6

128

Positional Chess Sacrifices 1 7.g5?! is overambitious: 1 7 ... e7 1 8.gxh6 gxh6 1 9.lt::l g3 �d7 20.b3 E!:ag8 2 l .E!:d1 f5 22.�h3 lt::l d4 23.'it>fl c5 24.�a3 �d6+. 17 ... a5 1 8.E!:f2 lt::l d4 1 9.b3 a4 20.b4 �e6 2 l .�f1 �b6 22.�e3 e7=

12.. J�b8 13.a3?! This move is a loss of time. White probably felt that 1 3.c4 lt::l b4? (threatening ... lt::l d 3t) was awkward, but in fact 14.E!:h3! is good for White. However, Black can meet 1 3.c4 with the more restrained 1 3 ... lt::l e7+. 13 .. .\Wc7 14.c4

9 ... bxc6 10.e5 llJd5 l l.exd6 .L:d6 1 2.ll:\e2 White controls the f4-square and prepares c2-c4, but the plan seems too ambitious. He could have maintained the balance with the safer alternative: 1 2.lt::l e4 �c7! Advancing the bishop is weaker: 1 2 ...�e5?! 1 3.c4 lt::l f4 1 4.�xf4 �xf4 1 5.\Wf3 e5 1 6.lt::l f6t (or 1 6.lt::l d6t 'it>e?;t:) 1 6 ... gxf6 1 7.'\Wxc6t f8 1 8.\Wxa8 \Wd2t 1 9.'it>fl \Wxb2 20.�d5 g7 2 1 .\W a7 E!:f8 22.E!:e I;!; 1 3.c4 lt::l b4 1 4.\Wxd8t 'it>xd8 1 5.0-0 lt::l c2 1 6.E!:b l e5 8 7 6 5 4

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14 lLlf4!? Offering a pawn sacrifice for the initiative. The idea is promising and works well in the game, although the machine considers 1 4 ... lt:Je7! a stronger move, for example: 1 5.\Wc2 c5 1 6.�d2 0-0 1 7.0-0-0 �b7 1 8.�xb7 E!:xb7+ •..

1 5.ll:\xf4 .L:f4 16 ..L:f4 '%Vxf4 17 .L:c6t �e7 I opted for the pawn sacrifice in the belief that Black's attack would be crushing; after all, he has much the better development in exchange for a minimal material investment. However, White has some resources and can try to survive. •

2

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Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence

20 ...¥9xc4:j: 2l .gcl ¥9xg4 22.¥9xe5t J.e6 23.¥9c5t �f6 24.¥9c3t gd4 25.gh3 gbd8 26,gg3 ¥9xh4 27.gdl J.f5

18.¥9e2! gds 19.b4

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19... e5?! This appears strong, but in fact it throws away the advantage, which can be maintained simply by exchanging White's active pieces: 19 ...ib7! 20.ixb7 l'!xb7 2 l .l'!g1 gd4

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28.a4?! This j ust weakens White's pawns and leaves no doubt about the outcome. The only chance was 28.if3 'W'f4 29 ..ie2+.

28...¥9£4 29.gxd4 ¥9xd4 30.b5 axb5 3l.axb5 J.g4 32.�fl ¥9xc3 33.gxc3 gdl t 34.�g2 gbl Restraining the opponent's passed pawn. The rest is not difficult.

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22.l'!g3 l'!bd7 23.'it>f1 l'!d2 24.'W'e3 'W'xc4t 25.'it>g2 l'!7d3 26.'W'c5t 'W'xc5 27.bxc5 l'!xg3t 28.'it>xg3 l'!c2+ I was understandably in no mood to exchange queens, but I should have been more flexible in my thinking.

20.¥9e3?! White fails to take advantage of the opportunity: 20.id5! a5 (or 2 l ...ixg4 22.'W'e3=) 2 l .bxa5! ixg4 22.'W'e3 'W'xe3t 23.fxe3 ie6 24.e4 l'!bc8 25.l'!b 1 ixd5 26.cxd5 l'!c4 27.0-0 l'!xe4=

35.ge3 J.e6 36J3e4 �e7 37,gd4 g5 38J�d2 h5 39.�h2 h4 40.�g2 g4 4l.ge2 �d6 42,gd2t �c5 43.gd8 f5 44.gh8 h3t 45.�g3 gb4 46,gh5 �d6 47.£4 gb3t 48.�h2 J.d5 49.hd5 �xd5 50.gxf5t �e4 0-1 Post-game reflections White's troubles began with the faulty plan of 9.ltlxc6?! and 1 0.e5. No doubt Lobron wanted to make use of his bishop on g2, but he gave up too much ground in the centre. Further inaccuracies on moves 1 2 and 1 3 allowed me to seize the initiative, and the intuitive pawn

1 30

Positional Chess Sacrifices

sacrifice was an appropriate tool for the job - although it was noted that simpler means would also have sufficed. Black's only serious error was failing to play 1 9 ...-ib?!, which would have increased his initiative and led to a probable endgame win. Fortunately for me the game still ended happily, but we should keep in mind that the best follow-up to a sacrifice will sometimes involve a simple regaining of the material rather than playing aggressively for mate. The next game illustrates how a queen sacrifice became "theory"!

Krisztian Kerek - Mircea Parligras Hungary - Romania (U 1 8), Kiskunhalas 1 995

Points to look for in this game: • Counterplay with the a-pawn - 1 O ... aS! and a march to a3 • A complex sacrificial line - 1 3 ... tt:l fxe4!? • Building a secure fortress - 2S ... :!':k8!

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1 3 ... tt:lbd7! Black should be able to hold even after the less precise: 1 3 ... tt:lc6 1 4.tt:lxc6 bxc6 1 S ..id4 l:!e8 1 6.'Wd2 'Wxd2t 1 7.l:!xd2 dxc4 (but not 1 7 ... tt:le4? 1 8.l:!e2 .ie6 1 9.cS aS 20 ..ia4 .id7 2 1 .l:!heU and 1-0 after 60 moves in Nisipeanu - Suba, Predeal 1 997) 1 8 ..ixc4 tt:ldS 1 9.l:!hd 1 .ie6= 1 4 ..id2 'Wb6 1 S ..ie3 'WaS=

7...0-0 8.ie3

l .e4 c5 2.c!tlf.3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4. .!Llxd4 c!tlf6 s.c!tlc3 d6 6.�c4 ie7 One of the advantages of the Scheveningen move order, when compared with the Najdorf, lies in the possibility of bringing the knight round to cS via a6 rather than d7, thus avoiding any sacrifices on e6. Moreover, the a-pawn may advance directly to aS. These two factors render the attacking set-up with 6 ..ic4 relatively harmless against the Scheveningen. 7.ib3 The principal alternative is: 7 ..ie3 0-0 8.'We2 8 ..ib3 transposes to the game. 9 ... dS 9.exdS exdS 1 0 ..ib3 .ib4 1 1 .0-0-0 .ixc3 1 2.bxc3 'WaS 1 3.c4

9.f4 .!Llc5 lO.'Wf.3 aS! Now the a-pawn gets in on the action. 1 1.0-0-0 White has little choice but to allow ... a4-a3.

131

Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence Blocking the pawn causes more harm than good for White: 1 l .a4? e5 1 2.fxe5 dxe5 1 3.lDf5 �xf5 1 4.exf5 lDxb3 1 5.cxb3 'Mfd3 1 6.E:d 1 'Mfc2 1 7.E:d2 'Mfxb3 1 8.g4 e4 1 9.'Mfg3 �b4 20.�d4 e3 2 l .E:g2 E:ad8 22.'Mff4 'Mfd5 0-1 Rodriguez Lopez - Vehi Bach, San Sebastian 1 995.

1 3.lDdb5 axb2t 1 4.'kt>b 1 'Mfa5 1 5.e5 dxe5 1 6.fxe5 lDfd7 1 7.'Mfg3 'kt>h8 1 8.E:hfl lDb6 1 9.�xc5 �xc5 20.�b3 �d7 2 1 .lDd6 �xd6 22.E:xd6 �c6 23.E:d4 ltJd7 24.E:el lDc5 25.E:h4 The game lstratescu - Stohl, Budapest 1 993, was agreed drawn here, but Black could have played on with 25 ...E:fd8+.

ll . a4 1 2..ic4 a3 .

perpetual. We cannot consider this a draw-in­ the-pocket sacrifice - only a drawing one, as White has no other way to continue the game. 26 ... \t>xh? V2-Y2 Shtyrenkov - Kharitonov, Smolensk 1 986.

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13 . �fx:e4!? This 'sacrifice' IS m reality a simplifying operation amounting to a positional queen sacrifice. .

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13.b3 Other moves weaken White's king position and are unlikely to succeed: 1 3.e5 axb2t 1 4.'j;>b 1 dxe5 1 6.lDxe7t 'Mfxe7 1 7.fxe5 lDfd7 1 9.E:d4 lDa4 20.lDxa4 E:xa4 22.�b5 E:xd4 23.E:xd4 lDc5 25.E:xg7 lDe4

1 5.lDc6 'Mfc7 1 8.'Mfg3 'kt>h8 2 1 .E:hd1 b6 24.E:g4 �b7

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The history of this variation started with 1 3 ...'Mfa5 1 4.lDdb5 �d7 1 5.e5 �c6 (four years later Golubev found another possibility, 1 5 ... dxe5 1 6.fxe5 lDd5 1 7 .�xd5 �xb5 1 8.�xc5 �xc5 1 9.�xb7 E:ad8 20.lDxb5 Y2-Y2 lstratescu - Golubev, Romania 1 996) 1 6.exf6 �xf3 1 7.fxe7 �xd 1 1 8.exf8='Mft E:xf8 1 9.E:xd1 E:d8 20.f5 d5 2 l .�e2 lDe4 22.lDxe4 dxe4 23.E:xd8t 'Mfxd8 24.fxe6 fxe6 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

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26.E:xh7t White must bail out and take a

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This double-edged endgame eventually resulted in a draw in lstratescu - Suba, Romania 1 992.

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

In the post-mortem I suggested the continuation played in the main game. Intrigued by the queen sacrifice, Andrei and his trainer (IM Stoica) made an extensive analysis of the variation. Their conclusion was that although White is slightly better, Black should draw even against best play. Backed by today's much stronger analysis engines, I agree with this judgement. A word of caution though; when analysing such positions with a computer, one must keep in mind that the program does not recognize a fortress and will always consider it a significant advantage to have queen against rook and bishop or rook and knight.

I4.lt�xe4 ll:lxe4 15.¥Mxe4 d5 16.'%Yf3 Sometimes, refusing a sacrifice can be even worse than accepting it, for example 1 6 ..ixd5 exd5 and now:

16 dxc4 Restoring material equaliry for a brief instant, before the next bout of simple tactics. •.•

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17.ll:lxe6 he6 1 8.l"'xd8 �Uxd8 1 9.bxc4 The dust has settled. White's material advantage enables him to claim whatever advantage might exist, but the question is whether it amounts to significant winning chances. The course of the game suggests that Black should be fine, and my home analysis has not given me any reason to think differently.

a b c d e f g h a) 1 7.1Mi'd3 .if6 1 8.1t>b 1 l'!e8 1 9.l'!he 1 .ig4+ 20.l'!c l l'!e4 2 1 .h3 1Mi'e7 22.hxg4 .ixd4 23 ..id2 .if2 24.l'!h1 h6 25.l"'cd1 l'!c8 26.l'!h5 l'!d4 27.1Mi'f3 1Mi'e4 0-1 Adla - Suba, Badalona 1 993. In his preparation, Parligras had probably been shown this game. b) Later there was another unsuccessful try for White: 1 7.1Mi'f3 l'!e8 1 8 .l'!d3 .if6 1 9.g4 l'!e4+ 20.h4 1Mi'c7 2 l .f5 .id7 22.g5 l'!c8 23.gxf6 l'!xd4 24.1Mi'g2 l'!g4 25.1Mi'h2 1Mi'c6 26.l'!hdl d4 27.c4 dxe3 28.l'!xd7 1Mi'xf6 29.\t>b l h5 30.1Mi'c2 l'!e8 3 l .l'!e1 l'!f4 32.l'!d2 l'!xf5 33.1Mi'd3 exd2 0-1 Fernando - Suba, Mondariz-Balneario 2000.

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19 .if6 The hasry 1 9 ....ixc4?? was refuted by 20.1Mi'e4 in Gross - Orsag, Czech Republic 1 994. •••

20.l"'dl gxdlt 2l.�xdl hc4 22.J.c1 hal

1 33

Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence

Post-game reflections

23.ha3 E:dst 24.�cl i.d5 25.¥Ne2

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25 ... E:c8! In all likelihood 25 ...�c6 is also enough to hold, but establishing an outpost for the bishop on the c4-square makes Black's task even simpler. 26.�bl i.c4 27.¥Ne4 b5 Black has succeeded in building his ideal fortress. The b5-pawn and c4-bishop form a symbiotic pair, and the bishop also defends the f7-pawn. (This is why it was preferable to anchor the bishop on the c4-square instead of c6.) All that remains is for Black to tidy up his kingside with ... h7-h6, and then his rook will be free to do whatever it pleases.

Positional sacrifices can take many forms. Although we all dream of using the more grand and spectacular types of sacrifice to crush our opponents, it is equally important for a practical player to recognize the value of an appropriate defensive sacrifice. In the above game Black's understanding of this principle enabled him to secure a painless and hassle­ free draw. In this technological era it is more important than ever for players to understand concepts such as the fortress defence, as this is one of the few remaining areas of the game in which machines are trumped by mammals.

Rafael Rodriguez Lopez - Mihai Suba Caceres Open 1 996

Points to look for in this game: • A nuance in the opening - 8 . .�b7!? • A spirited pawn sacrifice - 1 5 ... d4! • Undermining the centre - 17 ... g5!? .

I .e4 c5 2.tiJf3 d6 3.d4 tlJf6 4.tLlc3 cxd4 5.tlJxd4 e6 6.i.e3 a6 7.¥Nd2 b5 8.f3

28.i.b2 Lb2 29.�xb2 h6= Black is in no danger whatsoever now, and the remaining moves can pass without comment. 30.g4 E:d8 3I .¥Ne3 gd6 32.¥Ne8t �h7 33.¥Ne4t �g8 34.¥Ne8t �h7 35.¥Ne4t �g8 36.�c3 E:e6 37.¥Nf3 E:e2 38.h4 �h8 39.f5 f6 40.g5 hxg5 4I.hxg5 fxg5 42.¥Nh5t �g8 43.¥Nxg5 �f7 44.¥Ng6t �f8 1/2-1/2

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I favour this move as a measure against 9.g4,

1 34

Positional Chess Sacrifices

which can now be met by 9 .. .'�'a5!. Without the queen's knight blocking the retreat square on d7, Black has less reason to fear the rapid advance of the g-pawn.

12...¥Ma5?! I was happy with the variation 1 2 ... tLlc5! 1 3.j,d3 tLlxa4? 1 4.b3 tLlc5 1 5.tLlxb4 'b l . 14....ie7?! Black should probably aim for simplifica­ tions. For example: 1 4 ... tt'la5 1 5.tt'lxa5 'Wxa5 1 6.e5 b4 1 7.exf6 bxc3 1 8.r;t>b l gxf6 1 9.b3 h5 20.�b7 l'l:b8 2 1 .Wif3 hxg4 22.hxg4 l'l:h2 23.�d4 f5 24.gxf5 'Wxf5 25.�e4 'Wh3 26.'Wxc3 'Wxc3 27.�xc3 l'l:c8 28.�d4 �c6=

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10 \WaS!? We have already reached a position in which theory is scarce. I was sure that my young and aggressive opponent (now a GM) would go for long castling; therefore I chose my favourite manoeuvre in the Sicilian, which practically wins a tempo and reduces White's attacking energy. .•.

A safer option is I O �e7 l l .�g2 Wlc7 1 2.0-0 ll'lxd4 1 3.�xd4 e5 1 4.�e3 exf4 1 5.!l:xf4 �e6 1 6.tt'ld5 �xd5 1 7.exd5 0-0 1 8 .g5 hxg5 1 9.l'k4 'Wd7 20.�xg5 l'l:ae8 2 1 .1'l:h4 'Wf5 22.Wid2 ...

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16.e5! Excellent play. The immediate 1 6.g5 hxg5 1 7.fxg5 ll'l h7 is harmless, but by flicking in the pawn sacrifice White simultaneously clears the e4-square for his own pieces while preventing the black knight from establishing itself on the e5-square.

137

Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence

16 ... dxe5 17.g5 hxg5 18.fxg5 c!Llh7 19.Ae4 White's initiative is flowing smoothly and Black is in trouble.

White's mating chances may be substantially reduced, but he still holds a significant positional advantage.

19 ...g6 20.h4 iUds 2I.h5 Aes

22 ... c!Lld4 23.Wfh2 bg5! Not only taking a pawn, but also clearing the way for the queen to defend along the seventh rank if needed. 24..ixg5? The decisive mistake, probably induced by my cheeky capture.

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22.�cl?! White decides that he needs both his rooks for a successful attack, but in this rype of position "rime is money". A frequent mistake committed by attackers, especially against the Sicilian, is to play only for mate. One should not have any prejudices about how to win, but should be prepared for strategy, tactics, endgames - whatever it rakes! Much stronger is 22.�xd8 ixd8 23.hxg6 fxg6 24.'�g4 'Wf7 25.id3 CiJe7 26.id2 CiJf5 27.�xe5±.

White would have remained slightly better after the more or less forced 24.hxg6! fxg6 25.ixg5 CiJxg5 26.'Wg3 b4 27.'Wxg5 bxc3 28.CiJxd4 �xd4 29.b3 'Wg7 30.�e3 �c7 3 1 .�gl a5 32.a3t.

24... c!Llxg5 25.�hl Against 25.hxg6, Black defends as in the game with 25 .. .f6!. 8

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25 ...f6! Underlining the earlier point about the queen.

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26.hxg6 WIg7-+ White's attack is going nowhere, and Black's splendidly centralized forces will decide the game - helped by his extra pawn of course.

1 38

Positional Chess Sacrifices

27..id3 c!Lldf3 28.\Wg3 Lg6 29..ixg6 \Wxg6 30Jkfl c!Lld2t 31.c!Llxd2 gxd2 32.\Wh4 This is the result of time pressure, of course, but even after 32.l''k l Ei:c4, Black has a significant material and positional advantage, and should win easily.

1 1.\Wxd4 b5

32 ...\Wxc2t 0-1 Post-game reflections A great idea means nothing if not followed up correctly. In this game White found an excellent attacking pawn sacrifice, but became too fixated on checkmating my king. On more than one occasion he overestimated his attacking chances, enabling me to consolidate my position and emerge victorious. Changing between different modes of thinking can be a tricky thing to do, especially when one's mind is flooded with the excitement associated with a dramatic material sacrifice, visions of winning the brilliancy prize, and so on.

V iktor Bologan Ye Jiangchuan -

Tan Chin Nam Cup, Beijing 2000

Points to look for in this game: • Combining attack and defence - 1 9.e5! • A pawn sacrifice to blast open the kingside

- 23.g6!

• Finishing in style - 35.tt'lh7!

l.e4 c5 2.c!Llf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.c!Llxd4 c!Llf6 5.c!Llc3 c!Llc6 6..ig5 e6 7.\Wd2 .ie7 The most popular continuation is 7 ... a6, as in the game Pilgaard - Chernyshov later in this section. 8.0-0-0 0-0 9.f3 a6 lO.h4 ltlxd4 Other possibilities are I O ... d5, I O ...id7 and I O ...Wc7, the last option being rhe most flexible.

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12.ci>bl This is typical for systems based on f3 (and g4), such as the English Attack or Rauzer safety first! The hasty 1 2.g4 could lead to a confusing game: 1 2 ...ib7 1 3.Wf2 Ei:c8 I 4. f8 24.1Mih6t �e8 25.ttlxe6 fxe6 26 ..ixb5t and it ends in a draw by perpetual. a

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140

Positional Chess Sacrifices

21 ...e5?! The d6-square must be vacated to allow the knight to come into play, but this could have been achieved by less committal means: 2 l . ..�c5 22.g6 White's expectations shouldn't be great after 22.h5 lLld6 23.g6 lLlc4 24.We2 lLlxe3 25.Wxe3 E:e8 26.E:he l fxg6 27.hxg6 h6 28.�f5 �xd4 29.E:xd4 �f8 30.�d3 �c6 3 l .a3 �g8 32.Wf3 Wd6+. 22 ... hxg6 23.h5 8 7

23.g6! Bologan is using the g-pawn like a stick of dynamite to blast a hole in the enemy kingside. Such sacrifices are commonplace in Sicilians with opposite castling. A slower approach gives White nothing, for example: 23.h5 lLld6 24.g6 lLle4= 23... lild6 Better late than never, or as the French say, "Nothing is later than never." Accepting the sacrificed pawn by 23 ... hxg6 is very dangerous, due to the typical follow-up 24.h5. 24.gxf7t! 24.gxh7t allows counterplay after 24 ... �h8 25.h5 lLlc4.

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24...Wxf7 25.:1!hfl

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23 ... gxh5 Also possible is 23 ... g5 24.h6 g6 25.E:del lLlf6 26.fxg5 lLle4 27.Wg2 �h7 28.E:hfl E:d7, and Black should not lose. 24.E:xh5 lLlf6 25.E:h4 'it>f8 26.Wg2 'it>e7 27.f5 �xd4 28.�xd4 e5 29.E:el lLle4 30.�e3 E:g8 3 1 .E:h7 Wd6 32.�xe4 dxe4 33.E:xg7 E:xg7 34.Wxg7 �d5 Again, Black should have little to fear.

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25 ...Wd7? Possibly the decisive mistake. With a knight that may jump to e4 or c4 at will, Black's position should not be too bad. However, in such situations a single tempo can be decisive, and Black must avoid offering his opponent any chance to gain time.

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25 ... We8! 26.�f5 (26.lLlf3 lLlc4) 26... E:c4 27 .b3 E:c7 would have provided good defensive resources and equal chances.

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141

Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence

26.ttlf3 White takes immediate advantage of Black's error, hopping towards the promising land of g5. 26....if6 27.tll g5 8

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32.'Wxb7 lt:lc5 33.'Wg2 lt:lxd3 34.�xd3 Black can continue to fight for a draw.

28.hh7t Now the game is over, as White's fury can no longer be stopped. His pieces have accumulated too much energy and the black king lacks the proper guards against a vicious attack. 28... g7 34.'Wg4 is also good enough. 33 ...�d7 34.�f5 �e7 34 ...'We7 35.�gl does not help Black.

142

Positional Chess Sacrifices

Viktor Bologan Mihai Suba -

Spanish Team Championship, Sanxenxo 2000

Points to look for in this game: • An amazing queen sacrifice - l l ... lLlc5!? • Wisely returning the material - 1 6.'!Wd2!?

l.e4 c5 2.�a d6 3.i.b5t �d7 4.d4 �gf6 5.0-0 cxd4 6.�xd4 a

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35.�h7! Nimzowitsch would have been delighted with such an anti-Tarrasch move! 35 ...i.c8 36.�h5 �f7 37.i.g6 1-0 Post-game reflections Bologan played several excellent moves in this game, but the pawn sacrifices 1 9.e5! and later 23.g6! were the key moves which really helped to launch his attack. It was interesting to see that, despite committing numerous small errors in the early middlegame, Black still possessed considerable defensive resources and it was not until quite late in the game that his position descended beneath the point of recovery. This speaks quire highly of the resilience and overall soundness of the Sicilian Defence.

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6...g6 I do not like the current fashion of 6 ... e5!? ?.1.Mfd3 h6 8.c4, and I hope that the majority of readers would agree with me. 7.e5 dxe5 8.�xe5 Nowadays the preference is for: 8.Wxe5!? .ig7 9.l'!el e6 1 0.Wd6 a6

The most difficult position to draw is a dead­ drawn position - paraphrasing Lasker

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143

Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence 1 1 ..ifl !? 1 1 ..ia4?! is worse: 1 1 ...We7 1 2.Wxe7t 'it>xe7 1 3 ..id2 lt:ld5 1 4.c4 lt:l 5b6 1 5 . .ib4t 'it>e8 1 6.lt:lc3 a5! and White was already in trouble in Rublevsky - lvanchuk, Frankfurt (rapid) 2000. 1 I ....if8 1 l ...Wb6 also looks playable, although nobody in the elite has tried it. A possible continuation is 1 2.Wxb6 lt:lxb6 1 3.c4 lt:la4 1 4.lt:lbd2 0-0 1 5.lt:le5 b6 1 6.b3 lt:ld7 1 7.lt:ldf3 lt:lac5 1 8.lt:lxd7 lt:lxd7 1 9.�b 1 .ib7 with equality. 1 2.Wf4 .ig7 1 3.lt:lc3 0-0 1 4 ..ie3 b6 1 5.�ad1 .ib7 16 ..ie2 �c8 17.Wh4 �e8 1 8.lt:le5 We? 1 9.lt:lxd7 lt:lxd7 20 ..if4 Wd8 The position seems equal.

.ic4 1 6.c3 .ixd3 1 7.�xd3 a6 1 8.�ad1 b5 1 9.h3 e6 20.�f3 lt:ld5 2 1 ..ixg7 'it>xg7 22.lt:ld4 �a?+ Black eventually won in Golubev - Suba, Romania 1 997. 1 1 ... lt:lxd7 1 2.Wb4 1 2.Wxb6 lt:lxb6 1 3 ..ig5 a6 1 4 ..ifl �e8 1 5 ..ie3 .ixc3 1 6.bxc3 lt:l a4 1 7.c4 .ie6 is equal. 12.Wa4 lt:lf6 1 3 ..ie3 We? 14 ..if4 Wc5 is equally harmless. 1 2 ...a6 1 3 ..ie3 1 3.lt:ld5 Wxb5 1 4.Wxb5 axb5 1 5.lt:lxe7t 'it>h8 1 6.lt:lxc8 �axc8 1 7.�xd7 �xc2= 1 3 ....ixc3 1 4 ..ixb6 .ixb4 1 5 ..ixd7 .id6 1 6 ..ixc8 �axc8 1 7.c3 Yz-Yz Rublevsky - Yermolinsky, Hyderabad 2002.

8 ...!g7 9J3dl 0-0

I O ... �xd7 l l .�a4!? This was the fruit of thorough home preparation and made me suffer for a while.

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Another possibility is: 1 1 .Wh4 Wb6 1 2.a4 ( 1 2 ..ixd7 �d8 1 3.lt:lc3 �xd7 1 4.lt:ld5 Wd8 1 5.c4 b5 1 6.�e 1 f6 1 7.We4 .ib7 1 8.lt:lxe7t 'it>f8 1 9.lt:lxg6t hxg6 20.Wxg6 bxc4 2 1 .h4 �f7+ and Black went on to win in Velicka Kalod, Czech Championship 2002) 1 2 ... lt:lf6 1 3.lt:lc3 .if5 1 4.a5 Wc5 1 5 ..ie3 We? 1 6 ..if4 Wc5 1 7 ..ie3 We? 1 8 ..if4 Yz-Yz Shirov - Suba, Bilbao (rapid) 200 1 .

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IO..!Llxd7 The alternatives are innocuous: 1 0.Wa4 We? 1 1 .lt:lxd7 .ixd7 1 2 ..ixd7 �fd8 1 3.lt:lc3 (not 1 3 ..ig4? b5! 14.Wf4 Wxf4 1 5 ..ixf4 lt:lxg4 1 6.lt:lc3 .ixc3 1 7.bxc3 lt:lf6+) 1 3 ... �xd7 1 4 ..if4 Wb6= 1 0.lt:lc3 Wb6 1 1 .lt:lxd7 Alternatively after 1 1 ..ie3 Wxd4 1 2 ..ixd4 lt:lxe5 1 3 ..ixe5 .ie6 1 4.lt:le2 �fc8 1 5 ..id3

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

144

l l...�c5!? This move, found over the board, surprised Bologan, as he told me after the game. The queen sacrifice had passed unnoticed during his home preparation.

22.'tt>e 1 ixc3t 23.'Wxc3 E!:d8

Both my opponent and his program had only considered l l ...'Wc7? 1 2.ixd7 E!:d8 13.ig4 ixg4 1 4.'Wxg4 'Wxc2 1 5.E!:el ixb2 1 6.lt:'la3!+­ and l l ...'Wb6? 1 2.ixd7 E!:d8 1 3.c3±. It is curious that Black could also try l l ... lt:'lb6!? with a similar idea to the game move. For example: 1 2.E!:xd8 E!:xd8 1 3.'Wf4 E!:dl t 1 4.ifl lt:'ld5 1 5.'Wa4 (or 1 5.'Wf3 E!:xcl 1 6.'Wxd5 ixb2 1 7.'Wd8t 'tt> g7 1 8 .lt:'lc3 ixal 1 9.'Wd4t 'tt> g8 20.'Wd8t with equality) 1 5 ... E!:xcl 1 6.lt:'lc3 E!:xa l 1 7.'We8t if8 1 8 .lt:'lxd5 ie6 1 9.'Wxa8 ixd5 with compensation.

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Black had gained a decisive advantage in Antal - Robson, Lubbock 2009.

16 E!:xd2 17.�xd2 i.d7= •..

12.E!:xd8 E!:xd8 13.Wff4 E!:dlt 14.i.fl �e6! 15.Wfe3 i.d4

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16.Wfd2!? It is dangerous for White to keep the queen: 1 6.'We2 E!:xcl 1 7.'Wd2 ( 1 7.c3 if6 1 8.'We4 [ 1 8.h4 ixh4 1 9.g3 ig5 20.'Wd3 ih6 2 l .f4 lt:'lxf4 22.gxf4 ixf4 23.'Wf3 e5 24.'tt> f2 if5 25.id3 E!:d8+] 1 8 ... a5 1 9.f4 E!:a6 20.'We3 E!:d 1 2 1 . g4 dxe3 42.:!::!: fl;!::

29 ... '8h8! 30.'8xf7t c2 ia4t 25 . ..t>b2 tt:lc4t 26 . ..t>al �d6 27.E:d8 �e7+) 23.�xa8 �xc3 24.E:xf8t ..t>g7 25 .E:g8t 'it>h6 26.E:xfl �xb4t 27 . ..t>c2 �c4t 28 . ..t>d2 �xfl and Black is winning. 22 . . . ..t>g7 23.E:c l ! Another precise move, leading to a big advantage. 23 . . . a5 24.b4 axb4 25 .�d4t 'it>h6 26.�xc5 ixc5 27.cxb4 E:a4 28.bxc5 ie6 29.g3 ixa2t 30.'it>b2 id5± Black has some drawing chances in the endgame, but it will not be much fun for him.

Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence

155

.in 39.a5 .ixg3 40.YMd4t Long live the Dragon! %-1/2

Post-game reflections

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23 YMxe8! ••.

A strong and necessary sacrifice. The attempt to defend with 23 . . . lLlb3t? 24.axb3 '.Wxf4t 25.'it>b1 '.Wh6 is refuted by 26J'!he 1 followed by l:'!:xf8t when White will have good winning chances in the ending with queen against rook and bishop.

24.YMxe8 c!tle4 A rare material balance (or should that be imbalance?) for this stage of the game. Three active pieces for the queen, given the essential condition of a safe king, should be more than enough compensation. If it weren't for the pin, Black would have excellent chances to win. As th ings stand, Black has to work hard to drive the queen away, which evens up the chances. Let's see how Teimour manages to deal with the pin.

25.1:'!:dl c!tlf6 26.YMe5 c!tld7 27.fMe8 The other attempt to profit from the pin leads to repetition: 27.'.We2 lLlc5 28.1:'!:d8 lLl e6 29.1:'!:e8 lLlg7=

27 c!tlf6 28.YMds c!tle4

Sometimes one material sacrifice is not enough, and in this game Black had to resort to three different material offerings (not including the early 9 . . . d5, which also entails a pawn sacrifice should White wish to take it) . With 1 3 . . . d4! Radjabov game up an exchange, with 1 6 . . . f5! a pawn, and seven moves later his queen. The fact that two - or possibly even all three - of these sacrifices may have been prepared at home does not diminish their instructive value, and the above game was a good demonstration of a dynamic balance being maintained throughout the changing landscape of a chess game. lhe pawns are the soul ofthe game

Francois-Andre Danican Philidor I would not expect to find proof of the above venerable statement in a modern game, least of all at the hands of top players. But . . . here it is!

Shakhriyar Mamedyarov - Boris Gelfand Candidates (3), Kazan 2011

Points to look for in this game: •

• •

A winning pseudo-sacrifice- 1 4.lLld5! in the note to move 1 2 A promising new idea - 1 5 . . . 'kt>h8!? Black seizes the initiative - 17 ... d5!

.•.

Or 28 .. .'it>g7, also with equality.

29J:�d7 hd7 30.YMxa8 .ic6 3 1 .YMxa7 c!tlc5 32.g3 c!t!d3t 33.ctt> bi .ie4 34.ctt> a l .ic5 35.YMbst ctt> g7 36.YMds .igl 37.h4 h5 38.a4

l.e4 c5 2.c!tlf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.c!tlxd4 c!tlf6 5.lilc3 a6 6..ic4 e6 7 ..ib3 b5 8.0-0 .ie7 9.1Mf3

1 56

Positional Chess Sacrifices

14.£5 .!Llxd4 15.:Bxd4

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lS... c!>hS!? lO.'Wg3 0-0 l l.i.h6 .!Lle8 12.:Badl i.d7 The immediate 1 2 ... ltJc6?? is a known blunder: 1 3.ltJxc6 'Wxc6

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Morozevich - Kasparov, Astana 200 1 , continued: 1 5 . . .i.f6 1 6 .:B:d3 i.e5 1 7.'Wg4 b4 1 8.f6 g6 1 9.lLle2 a5

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The sharpest continuation. The more solid 1 3.lLlf3 was played in Kasparov - Gelfand, Linares 1 993, and Short - Kasparov, London ( 1 8) 1 993, while Short tried 1 3.a3 in Game 20 of the same World Championship match.

Here 20.i.xf8?!+ was played, and Black won in 57 moves. The burning question concerns 20.'Wh4! a4 2 1 .i.g5 h5 22.g4, "with crazy complications, beyond human capacity" (Kasparov) . Probably in this niche of theory, Mamedyarov has found an improvement. But Gelfand is an old fox, very experienced in this variation, and he avoids his opponent's likely novelty!

13 ... .!Llc6

16.i.e3

It is important to exchange the knight that attacks e6 and relieve one of Black's worries.

1 6.f6!? may provoke waves, but it is not decisive: 16 ... i.xf6 1 7.:B:xf6

1 4.ltJd5! i.d8 1 5.:B:d3 i.b7 1 7.:B:c7! i.xc7 1 8 .ltJf6t!+-

1 6.:B:c3 'Wd7

13.£4

Chapter 7- The Sicilian Defence

1 57

17...d5! Underlining the vulnerable positions of White's queen and rook.

18.e5! This obstruction sacrifice is White's best chance.

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1 8.exd5 exf5 1 9.\t>hl lt:lg4 20.�gl �d6 2 l .'Wd3 E!:fe8 22.h3 lt:l e5 23.'\Wd l \t>g8 is uncomfortable for White.

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1 7 .. J1;Vc5! ( 1 7 ... gxh6 looks worse, yet the machine finds an interesting way to a perpetual after 1 8.'Wf2 'Wa7 1 9.\t>h l �c8 20.E!:xh6 f5 2 l .�xe6 lt:lf6 22.exf5 �xe6 23 .'Wh4 'Wg7 24.E!:xd6 lt:lg4 25 .E!:hxe6 E!:xf5 26.E!:d8t E!:xd8 27.'Wxd8t E!:f8 28.E!:e8 lt:lf2t 29.\t>gl lt:l h3t=) 1 8.�xg7t lt:lxg7 1 9.'Wf2 �c6 20.�d5 E!:ac8 2 l .�xc6 E!:xc6 22.a3 \t>g8 23.E!:d3 lt:le8 24.\t>fl 'Wxf2t 25.E!:xf2 f6 with an approximately equal endgame.

16 ltJf6 ...

By now it seems that Black has nothing to worry about.

t7.'\1;Yh3? As so often happens, a novelty quickly leads to a mistake by the opponent. This queen move allows the complete freeing of Black's game. 1 7.a3 E!:ac8 1 8.E!:f2 would hold the equilibrium.

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1 8.fXe6 fXe6 1 9.exd5? simply loses to 1 9 . . . e5.

18...'\WxeS 19Jlh4 E!:fc8! The opening phase of the game is over; for further adventures in the middlegame go to page 309.

Mihai Suba- Vladimir Okhotnik European Senior Ch., Courmayeur 2011

Points to look for in this game: • Two subtle rook moves- l O.E!:e l ! ? and l l ...E!:e8! • A good exchange sacrifice- 26.'Wxd6! • A neat way to finish the game- 43.E!:c3! This was a key moment in the 20 1 1 European Senior Championship. Mter six rounds, no fewer than six players shared the lead with 5 points. IM Okhotnik, of Soviet provenance, but now representing France, had the best tiebreak. Throughout the tournament he played combatively, with energy and composure, and despite the result of the following game, he eventually took the silver medal ahead of fifteen GMs. During the short time available to prepare for our game, I was surprised by his broad opening repertoire interspersed with original ideas. I guessed that he would play something based on a kingside

1 58

Positional Chess Sacrifices

fianchetto, because Vladimir is an expert in the Modern Defence. The only "weakness" I could discern was the warm spot he has in his heart for the Indian bishop, a trait shared with Gufeld among others. I decided that as White I would avoid any fianchetto myself and would reveal my ambitions in the centre from the very beginning. This would be an especially good policy if another supposition proved true: that due to his leading position, the opponent would play more conservatively. These were the trumps I was counting on prior to the game.

I .tiJf3 c5 2.c4 tiJf6 3.tiJc3 tlJc6 4.d4 cxd4 5.tlJxd4 g6

IOJ�el !? To provide a simple defence to my central pawn and avoid further weaknesses. If the opponent wants to play as in the English Opening (but a tempo down) with ...lt:J c5 and . . . f5 , the rook on e 1 may prove very useful. In fact I was rediscovering the wheel, and in the few games that have featured 1 O.l'!e 1 , White has achieved outstanding results. The psychology behind allowing . . .ixc3 was described in the introduction; I was sure my opponent wouldn't exchange his cherished bishop for the knight, whatever the dividend.

lO tlJc5 •..

The most difficult to crack is 5 ... e6, but my first supposition was judicious.

I find it curious that in my database, which has over 5 million games, I could not find any with 1 0 . . .ixc3.

6.�c2!?

ll..iO

In my database this is the move with the best score. It avoids early simplifications; nevertheless, it is not my habitual choice and I would not recommend it. 6.e4 d6 7.ie2 lt:Jxd4 8.1Mfxd4 ig7 9.ie3 0-0 1 0.Wd2 is the most used move order in the Maroczy, and probably the best.

6 ....ig7 7.e4 d6 8 ..ie2 0-0 9.0-0 tiJd7

8 7 6 5 4 3 2

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ll E:e8! An interesting novelty, probably in anticipation of an eventual ih6 by White. From the diagram position, I found two games with 1 1 . . .ixc3 (Beliavsky - Ermenkov and Perez Candelario - Gonzales de Ia Torre) . In both games Black got crushed, but we cannot reach any definite conclusion based on just two games, the more so as in both cases White was the stronger player. ..•

1 59

Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence

12.i.g5 'I'Na5?! More consistent with Black's previous move is: 1 2 . . ..ie6 1 3.l'!b 1 .ixc3 1 4.bxc3 Wa5 1 5.lt:Jd4 (or 1 5 .'\Wd2 lt:Je5 1 6.f4 lt:Jxc4 1 7.'\Wd4 lt:J b6 1 8 ..ih6 f6 1 9.e5 dxe5 20.fxe5 l'!ad8 2 l .l'!b5! Wxb5 22 ..ixb5 l'!xd4 23.lt:Jxd4 .id7 24.exf6 a6 25 ..ixd7 lt:Jbxd7 26.fxe7 cj;{f7 27.lt:Jb3=) 15 ... l'!ac8 1 6.'\Wd2 b6 17 ..ih6 with an unclear game. Black has clear targets on the queenside, while White hopes to attack the enemy king. Compared with the games mentioned in the previous note, in both of which the bishop went from c 1 to h6 in a single move, Black is a tempo up.

13.i.d2 'I'Nd8 Okhotnik played his last two moves quite quickly (admittedly, the second is almost forced due to the threat of 14.b4) and seemed quite happy to have lost a tempo. By inducing White to play b2-b4, Black ensures counterplay either on the dark squares or on the a-file (after ... a5). I don't think I have anything better than taking up the gauntlet!

game move allows White to take over the initiative.

1 8.b5! �b8?! Okhotnik played this move very quickly. Had he anticipated the difficulries in store for Black after this retreat, he might have given a second look to 1 8 ... lt:Jxc2 1 9.bxc6 lt:Jxe l 20.cxb7 .ixb7 2 l .l'!xb7 '1Wc8 22.l'!b3 lt:Jxg2 23.'kt>xg2 '\We6 24.'\Wf3±, and found that this sacrifice of two pieces for rook and pawn is not worse than the game continuation.

I9.tihd4 Ld4 20.�d5 i.g7 2I.i.g5 One engine drew my attention to the interesting possibility: 2 l .e5!? dxe5 22 ..ib4 .if8 23.l'!al l'!xal 24.'\Wxal e6 25 ..ia5 Wg5 26.f4 Wf5

14.b4 ltle6 15.l'!bl a5 16.a3 axb4 17.axb4 ltled4?! 8

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27 ..id3 .ic5t 28.cj(h l Wxd3 29.lt:J f6t 'kt>f8 30.ltJxe8 .id4 3 l ..ib4t 'kt>xe8 32.'1Wa8 Wxc4 33.'\Wxb8 Wxb4 34.'\Wxc8t cj(e7 35 .'\Wxb?t 'kt>f8 36.l'!c l exf4± I had seen something like this (of course not that far), bur even if I had seen the whole sequence, I'm not sure I would have played it. I considered my position to be good, without any need for wild complications.

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P lacing the wrong knight on a good square came accompanied with a draw offer. I might have considered it after 1 7 ... lt:J cd4!. but the

21...h6?! 22.i.e3 A standard manoeuvre, in order to win tempo by '\Wd2.

22...�d7

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

26.'%Yxd6! The exclamation mark is not only because it fits our theme, it is in fact the simplest solution. Mter 26.\Wxc3 \Wxf4 27.!'\bd l Ei:a4 28.ll'ld3 \Wf6 29.\Wc2 Ei:a8 30.\Wd2, Black will lose a pawn very soon. But an endgame in which the black knight comes to c5 and the king to e7, would not be so easy to win.

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23.VNd2 Possibly better is 23 .b6, in order to ensure a tempo gain when the knight is driven away from d5, for example: 23 . . . Ei:a2 24.\Wb3 Ei:a5 25.!'\bdl ll'lc5 26.\Wc2 \Wd7 27.e5! .ixe5 28 ..ixh6±

23 e6 24.t!Jb4 ••.

The knight has been expelled, but now two pawns are en prise.

24 VNh4 .••

Apart from that, my book was well underway and I could not help but yield to temptation. Anyway, the reader will soon appreciate that White's dark-squared bishop is better than any black rook.

26 i.xel 27.!'\xel '%Yf6 28.'%Yd2 ga4 •.•

8 7 6 5

Looking for tactical solutions in a shaky position is a bad omen, and with all respect to my opponent, this smacks of desperation.

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25.i.f4 i.c3

2

The alternative is 25 . . . ll'le5 but Black's position will deteriorate with every move, for example 26 ..ig3 \We7 27.!'\ed l .if8 28.b6 and White threatens c4-c5.

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29.i.d6

Avoiding the last trick; if 29 ..ixh6 Ei:xb4 30.\Wxb4 g5 and Black survives.

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29 g5 30.e5 '%Yd8 31.h4 t!Jtll 32.hxg5 hxg5 33.c5

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••.

5

This looks nice, but 33.ll'la2 \Wa5 34.ll'lc3 wins immediately.

4 3

33 t!Jg6 34.b6 i.d7 35.gbl g4 •••

Black has nothing to lose anymore.

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Chapter 7

-

The Sicilian Defence

161

43.gc3! gh4 Black doesn't have any defence against :!:'!xc6, so he attacks the queen (well, you never know) . Now two sham sacrifices decide the game.

44.�f6t �xf6 45.exf6t �xf6 46.:!:'!xc6 gd4 47..ic7 gdlt 48.�h2 bxc6 49.b7 gbl 50.b8=� gxb8 51.hb8 c5 52.�g3 1-0 Post-game reflections a

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36.c6 36.'1Wh6 'Wh4 37.'1Wxh4 lUxh4 38.c6 .bc6 39.lUxc6 :!:'!ea8 40.ic7 is another way to win.

36 Jhb4 37J�xb4 hc6 38J�xg4 �g7 .•

After 38 . . . '1Wxb6 39.id3 Black gets mated quickly.

39 .id3 ghs 4o..ixg6 fxg6 4I.'Wf4 gh6 42.gg3 ghs

Black's problems stemmed entirely from the careless move 1 7 . . .lUed4?. The reply 1 8.b5! would normally be considered "anti­ positional", but Black never got a chance to make use of the c5-square as White's pieces came into the game with great momentum. The subsequent exchange sacrifice with 26.'1Wxd6 was not the only way to press home the advantage, but it certainly proved to be a convincing one.

•

Alexei Shirov- Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu

Black is in a sort of zugzwang, for example: 42 . . .:!:'!h7 43.'1Wg4 'We8 44.ie7! Best is 42 ...:!:'!h4 43.if8t \t>h8 44.'1Wf6t 'Wxf6 45.exf6 'tt> g8 46.id6 :!:'!h5 47.f4 :!:'!b5 48.:!:'!h3 ie4 49.ie5 :!:'!xb6 50.\t>f2 :!:'!a6 5 1 .:!:'!h8t \t>£7 52.:!:'!h7t We8 53.g4, but White's victory is j ust a matter of time.

Kings Tournamenr, Bazna 2009

Points to look for in this game: Black fails to take the best defensive chance - 1 8 . . . hxg5 in the notes • A lovely exchange sacrifice- 20.ic5! • Advancing on both flanks - 23.c4!, 29.h4, 30.c5 and 3 1 .g4 •

In this game we see Shirov at his best. A positional (with a metaphorical capital "P") exchange sacrifice saddles Black with a painful position. Nisipeanu is besieged, he misses his chances to resist, and the game ends in complete disaster for him.

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I.e4 c5 2.tLlf3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.tLlxd4 l£lc6 s.tLlc3 �c7 6..ie3 a6 7.�d2 t[}f6 8.0-0-0 .ib4 9.f3l£le7 lO.tLlde2

1 62

Positional Chess Sacrifices

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IO... b5 In this modern and sharp variation of the Sicilian Taimanov, the text move has brought Nisipeanu several successes. 1 O . . d5 is also playable, for example: l l .a3 .ta5 1 2.tg5 . dxe4 1 3.txf6 . gxf6 14.Wh6 f5 1 5 .Wf6 l'!g8 1 6.fxe4 .td7 1 7.g3 .tc6 1 8 .th3 . l'!g6 1 9.Wh8t l'!g8 and White should accede to the repetition with 20.Wf6, because after 20.Wxh7? We5 the threat of 2 1 . . .l'!h8 would cost him a piece. .

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18...i.a7 Simpler is 1 8 . . . hxg5 1 9.4:lxf2 4:lh5 20.4:lxh5 l'!xh5 2 l .c4 bxc4 22.txc4 . l'!h6 23.l'!xh6 lt:lxh6 24.td5 . l'!a7 25 .'it>d2 d6 26.h3 .te6 27.txe6 . fxe6 28.l'!cl 'it>d7 with a defendable endgame.

19.i.e3 i.h8 Hoping for the "normal reaction" of moving the rook. Better is 1 9 ...4:le7 20.c4 .tb8 2 l .t . c5 .txd6 22.txd6 . lt:lc6 23.4Jc3 'tt> d8 with the idea of . . . lt:le8, and Black has real chances to contain White's initiative.

I l.i.f4 In this position, Shirov once played l l .We l with the transparent threat of 1 2.4:lxb5. Probably Nisipeanu was prepared for this possibility. ll ... e5 12.i.g5 �b6 This novelty is an improvement on 1 2 . . .tb7 . 1 3.'it>b l.ta5 1 4.txf6 . gxf6 1 5.Wh6 Wb6 1 6.g3 We6 1 7.th3 . f5 1 8.Wh4 with a clear advantage for White, Anand J. Polgar, San Luis 2005. -

13.a3 i.c5 14.h4 i.n 15.�d6 �xd6 16.l'!xd6 lt!eg8 17.�g3 h6 18.�dl

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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20.i.c5! A splendid blockading sacrifice. The bishop on c8 will remain a spectator for most of the game.

1 63

Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence

20..Ji:Je7 2 l.�e3 2 l .!i:d2 j,a7 22.j,d6 j,b8 23.c4 is a simple way for White to be better, but Alexei always aims for artistic play.

White can afford to build his position patiently, as Black has no good way to free himself.

24... �g6?!

2l ...hd6 After this, White gets a terribly strong grip on the dark squares, combined with the possibility of invading on the light squares (d5 and f5), bur Black has no choice: 2 l . . .j,b7 22.ltJgf5 ltJxf5 23.ltJxf5 c;t>ds 24.!i:b6 j,c6 25.!i:xb8t! (If the mountain will not come to Mohammed, then Mohammed must go to the mountain.) 25 . . .!i:xb8 26.j,e7t 'itlc7 27.j,d6t 'itib7 28.j,xe5 !i:a8 29.ltJxg7 +-

24 ... ltJh7 25.j,xe5 f6± is a slightly better defence, but it does not solve the problem of Black's poor development.

25.llJgf5 �d8 26.�xg7 Shirov eats an important pawn without losing any of his positional advantages. 8 7 6

22.i.xd6

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26... �e8 26 ... h5 27.ltJef5 h4 28.j,d3 ltJh5 29.ltJxh5 !i:xh5 30.!i:cl !i:c8 3 l .j,c5 is also bad; Black's rooks cannot get coordinated. a

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22...i.b7?! The best Black can do here is to cling on to his pawns with 22 . . . ltJc6. For example: 23.c4 c;t>ds 24.ltJd5 ltJe8 25 .j,c5 d6 26.j,b6t 'itid7 27.cxb5 ltJ e7 28.ltJc3 ltJc7 29. c;t>b2 g6 30.j,c4 axb5 with approximate equality. It is hard to believe that White's play cannot be improved somewhere, but in this tactical sequence the program was unable to help me find anything more.

23.c4! i.c6 24.'itib2

27.�xe8 E!xe8 28.liJf5 !i:e6? 28 ... h5 puts up more resistance, but Black's position is quite disgusting.

29.h4 h5 30.c5 E!e8 3l.g4 hxg4 32.h5 �f4? Black can still resist with 32 . . . ltJ f8 33.ltJh6 f6 34.ltJxg4 ltJ h7 35 .j,e2 !i:g8 36.h6 'itie8 37.!'i:g l 'itif7 38.j,d l !i:g5 39.j,c2 !i:e8 40.'itic3 c;t>g6.

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

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33.ttlh6! White now has a winning advantage; it doesn't make much sense for Black to prolong the suffering.

33.. gxf3 34.ttlxf7t i>cS 35 ..L:e5 gxe5 36.�xe5 i>c7 37.h6 ghs 38.h7 .

Some more artistry, although the simpler 38.l2lf7 l:l:h7 39.l2lg5 l:l:h8 40.h7 wins outright.

38 ...he4 39,gh4 gxh7 40.gxf4 gh2t 4I.i>c3 1-0 Post-game reflections This game featured a pure and brilliant positional exchange sacrifice. In return for his material investment White obtained a lasting blockade of the d6-square, which prevented Black from freeing his pieces with ... d5. It is remarkable how the absence of that one pawn move left Black's three minor pieces with hardly a single decent square between them. Nisipeanu's position was highly unpleasant, and it is understandable that he committed some further errors which enabled Shirov to seal a crushing win.

Chapter 8

The Closed Games Blackmar-Diemer Gambit

4...exf3

This romantic gambit is nowadays seen mainly at club level. In our first game of the chapter we will see one of the pioneers, Diemer himself, employing a dubious sub-variation of the gambit that now bears his name. Without error there can be no brilliancy -

Emanuel Lasker

Emil Diemer - Schuppler Villingen 1937

Points to look for in this game: • Two sacrificed pawns are (one) too many - 5 .'Wxf3? • Black fails to sense the danger - 15 . . . 0-0? • A powerful exchange sacrifice - 17 _:gxf6! in the note to move 16

l .d4 d5 2.e4 dxe4 3.ltlc3 .!Llf6 4.f3 Curiously, some games reach this very position, but with White to move! This happens after 1 .e4 d6 2.d4 li:lf6 3.f3!? d5!? 4.li:lc3 dxe4.

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5.YNxf3? A rare way to play this rare gambit, championed by one of its authors. It is precisely because of this second pawn sacrifice that I added the game to my collection, although it does not mean that I agree with such an extreme Morphy-like attitude. The normal move is 5.li:lxf3 with almost sufficient compensation (time, mobiliry) for one pawn. One example is: 5 . . .i.g4 6 .h3 i.xf3 7.'Wxf3 c6 8.i.f4 e6 9.0-0-0 i.b4 1 0.i.d2 li:lbd7 1 l .i.d3 li:lb6 1 2.'Wg3 'We7 1 3.:ghfl :gg8

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Positional Chess Sacrifices 1 3 .li:Jbc3 �c5 1 4.�xc5 l/Jxc5 Black is rwo pawns to the good.

12 .ic4 b5 13 ..ib3 '%Yd3 14..ig5 .ie7 1 5.0-0 •

Little by little, White drums up some play for his three(!) missing pawns.

15 ...0-0? b

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This allows a powerful sacrifice. 1 5 . . .�g6 was a better defence.

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1 4.:!':1:xf6! This true exchange sacrifice secures White the bishop pair and a passed pawn. 1 4 ...�xc3 1 5 .�xc3 (not 1 5 .bxc3?? �a3t 1 6.'tt> b 1 l/Ja4 and Black wins) 1 5 ...�xf6 1 6.d5 �e7 17.d6 �d7 1 8.�xh7 0-0-0 1 9.�xg8 E!xg8 20.�d4 'tt> b 8 2 1 .h4 li:Jd5 22.h5 g5 23.'tt>b 1 f6 24.c4 �h7t 25 .\t>c l l/Jf4 26.�e3 b6 27.�xf6 �f5 28 .�e7 e5 29.d7l/Je6 30.�f3 �xf3 3 l .gxf3 'tt>c7 32.d8=�tl/Jxd8 33.�xd8t 1 -0 Velimirovic - Bellon Lopez, Metz 1 988.

5...'%Yxd4 6..ie3 '%Yg4 7.'%Yfl e5 8.h3 '%Yf5 9.'%Yh4 '%Yxc2 10 ..ib5t?

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16J;f3

Doubling rooks on the f-file is natural, but even stronger is 1 6.�xf6 �xf6 17 .E!xf6! gxf6 1 8.li:Jd5 .

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10....id7? There is no reason for Black to avoid the obvious 1 0 ... c6!-+.

1 1.tLlge2? a6? Instead after

1 l . . .�xb5

1 2 .li:Jxb5

lL:la6

16 ...'%Yg6 17.l"!afl .ic6 18,gg3 .ic5t?

Chapter 8 - The Closed Games 1 8 . . .�h5 1 9.i.xf6 �xh4 20.:B:xg7t �h8 2 l .:B:xf7t �xf6 22.:B: l xf6 ic5t 23.�h l :B:xf7 24.:B:xf7 :B:a7 25 .ic2 b4 26.l2Je4 ixe4 27.ixe4 c6 gives equal chances in the endgame.

167

l.d4 lt!f6 2.c4 e6 3.g3 i.b4t 4.i.d2 i.e7 This standard manoeuvre, employed by Kasparov and Kramnik among others, misplaces the white bishop at the cost of a tempo; but in most cases the only gain is thirty seconds on the clock.

s.i.g2 d5 6.c!Ll£3 0-0 7.0-0 c6

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The opening phase of the game is over; for further adventures in the middlegame go to page 324.

Catalan Opening In the casting of this opening, the "dormant beast" on g2 may eventually become the leading actor. Take care when facing it!

8.lWb3 Logical, though not the most popular. The main alternatives are 8.�c2 and 8.i.f4, with the latter scoring most impressively.

8 ... b6 The following game appears unexciting until a speculative sacrifice makes it sparkle. The comments are based on the notes of the Romanian player, Barnaure.

Vlad-Victor Barnaure -Jose Roca Galarza Spain 2011

Points to look for in this game: •

• •

An unwise bishop expedition - 1 O . . .i.a6?! and l l ...ic4?! A brilliant piece sacrifice - 16.l2Jxd5!! The Catalan bishop finally makes its second move of the game - 29.ixa8

Black prepares to aim his bishop at the inadequately protected c4-square.

9.cxd5 Releasing the tension in the centre should lead to equality. Another possibility is 9.i.f4 i.a6 1 0.l2Jbd2, first played by Kasparov against Hubner in a match they contested in Hamburg in 1 985.

9...cxd5 IOJ�d! i.a6?! The bishop is lured by the charm of c4, but the simpler 1 0 ...i.b7! l l .a4 l2Jc6 1 2.a5 :B:c8 does not give White anything.

Positional Chess Sacrifices

168

overambitious pawn sacrifice. After the natural l l . . .�xe2 1 2.lDc3 �a6 I analysed two plausible continuations:

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l l.tiJc3

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This is best. The alternatives are: l l .�fl looks strange and soon led to a draw in the following game: l l ...l2Je4 1 2.�b4 lDd6 1 3.lDa3 �b7 1 4.�xd6 �xd6 1 5.lDb5 lDc6 1 6.lDxd6 '1Wxd6 1 7.Ek3 !!fc8 Y1-Y1 Malaniuk - Tiviakov, Montecatini Terme 1 995. l l .e3 is yet to be seen: l l . . .lDbd7 ( l i . . .lDe4 1 2.�b4 �xb4 1 3.'1Wxb4 �b7 1 4.lDc3 lDc6 1 5 .'\Wa4±) 1 2 .lDa3 lDe4 1 3.lDb5 ( 1 3.�e l �b7 1 4 .lDb5 a6 1 5 .lDc3 lDd6+) 1 3 . . .�b7 1 4 .�b4 a6 1 5 .�xe7 '1Wxe7

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Now 16.!!c7? axb5 1 7.!!xb7 lDdc5! 1 8.!!xe7 lDxb3 1 9.!!dl !!xa2+ turns out badly, so White should settle for 1 7 .lDc3 with equality. l l .lDe5?!

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interesting

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a) 1 3.lDb5 �xb5 1 4 .'1Wxb5 lDe4 1 5.�f4 lDd6 16.'1We2 �f6 1 7.!!c3 lDf5 1 8 .'1Wd3 �xe5 1 9.�xe5 lDd7 and although the two bishops provide symbolic compensation, White lacks concrete threats. For example: 20.�f4 '1Wf6 2 l .!!c7 !!fd8 22.�e3 lDf8 23.!!ac l h6+ b) 1 3.a4 �b7 1 4.lDb5 lDe8 1 5.a5 a6 16 .lDc7 lDxc7 1 7.'1Wxb6 lDb5 1 8 .'1Wxb7 !!a7 1 9.'1Wb6 '1Wxb6 20.axb6 !!b7 2 l .�a5 �d8 22.�b4

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Now Black can escape the pressure through a positional sacrifice of the exchange: 22 . . .lDxd4! 23.!!c4!? f6! 24.�xf8 'kt>xf8 25 .E!:xd4 fxe5 26.!!da4 E!:xb6 27.b4 e4 28.�fl 'tt> e7 and Black's position is preferable.

1 69

Chapter 8 - The Closed Games

8 7 6 5 4 3 2

2 1 .lLlxc6 8 7

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l l. .i.c4?! .

An uninspired novelty, probably provoked by White's threat of 1 2.lLlb5. It is better to develop the queenside. l l . . .lLlc6 Now the critical line continues: 1 2.lLlb5 The immediate tactical solution is not dangerous: 1 2.lLlxd5 'Wxd5 1 3.'Wxd5 lLlxd5 1 4 Jhc6 �xe2 1 5 .lLle5 �b5 1 6.Ek2 This was L.B Hansen - Muir, Gothenburg 2005, and now 16 ... E:fc8 1 7 .E:ac l E:xc2 1 8 .E:xc2 �f8 would have been equal. 1 2 ...'Wd7 1 3.a4 lLle4

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2 l . ..�f8 2 l . . .�d8? was played in Gleizerov Dzagnidze, Bucharest 2008, allowing a positional piece sacrifice: 22.�xd5! exd5 23.'Wxd5± However, White failed to take advantage of this opportunity and the game ended in a draw after 80 moves. 22.lLlxa5 'Wb6 23.lLlc6 E:c8 24.e3 E:c7=

12.�dl

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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12...i.a6 a

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1 4.�e l After 1 4.�f4 E:ac8 Black is at least equal. 1 4 . . . E:fc8 1 5.E:c2 lLld6 1 6.E!:ac l �xb5! 1 7 .axb5 lLla5 1 8 .�xa5 bxa5 1 9.E:c6 'Wb7 20.lLle5 E:xc6

The immediate retreat is a sign that Black was less than happy with his position. After 1 2 . . . lLlbd7 Black may face some problems on the c-file: 1 3.a4! (not 1 3.b3 �a6 1 4.a4 �b7 1 5.�f4 a6 1 6.lLlel E:c8 1 7.lLld3 h6=)

1 70

Positional Chess Sacrifices

13 . . . a5 1 4.if4 t:Llh5 1 5 .ie3 t:Llhf6 1 6 .t:Lld2 ia6 1 7.t:Llb5 t:Lle8 1 8.Wi'b3 l'!c8 1 9.t:Llf3t

13.i.f4 i.b7 1 3 . . . t:Llc6 14.t:Llxd5 t:Llxd5 1 6 .l'!ccl t:Llxf4 1 7.gxf4±

1 5 .l'!xc6 ib7

1 8.e4 1 8 .t:Lld6 ia6 1 9.l'!c6 t:Llb8 20.l'!c2 t:Lld7 2 l .e4 t:Llxe5 22.ixe5 ixd6 23.ixd6 Wi'xd6 24.exd5 exd5 25 .ixd5 l'!ad8 26.l'!d2 Wi'e7 27.l'!c l l'!d7= 1 8 . . .dxe4 1 9.l'!c7 t:Llc5 20.Wi'g4 'it>h8

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2 l .l'!xb7! t:Llxb7 22.l'!d l Wi'c8 23.ixe4 Wi'c4 24.ixb7 Wi'xb5 25 .ixa8 l'!xa8 Black is very close to equaliry.

15.�xd7

14... �fd7 Bringing the other knight to this square leads to sharp variations with sacrifices on both sides, in which Black holds by a hair's breadth: 1 4 . . .t:Llbd7 1 5.t:Llb5 1 5 .t:Lld3!? is another idea. 1 5 . . .t:Llxe5 1 6.dxe5 t:Lld7 1 6 ...t:Lle4 1 7.ixe4 dxe4 1 8.Wi'xd8 ixd8 1 9.t:Lld6 id5 20.f3 f5 2 1 .exf6 ixf6 22.fxe4 ixe4 23.t:Llxe4 ixb2t 1 7.h4 a5

White may also play: 1 5 .t:Llb5!? t:Llxe5 1 6.dxe5 t:Llc6 (better is 1 6 . . .t:Lld7 1 7.h4 a5, transposing to the previous note) 1 7.t:Lld6 ixd6 1 8.exd6

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1 8 . . .Wi'f6 (or 1 8 . . . f6 1 9.e4 e5 20.exd5 t:Lld4 2 I .ie3 t:Llb5 22.a4 t:Llxd6 23.a5 and White has some initiative) 1 9.e4 e5 20.exd5 tt:\d4 2 I .ie3 l'!ad8 22.f4 t:Llf5 23.fxe5 Wi'xe5 24.if4 Wi'xb2 25 .l'!c7 ic8 26.l'!ac l t

171

Chapter 8 - The Closed Games

1 5..JWxd7?! The lesser evil is 1 5 ... lt:l xd7 1 6.e4 ttlf6 1 7.e5 ttle8 1 8 .iflt. Thanks to the protracted wanderings of his light-squared bishop, Black is a couple of moves behind in development. He is hoping that the symmetrical and solid structure will enable him to overcome this drawback, but White's next move shatters that illusion.

is totally tied down. The attempt to relieve the pressure with 2 l . . .�ac8 loses material to 22.�xc8 Wxc8 23.�cl 'Wb7 24.ifl+-.

18.d5 J.a4 1 8 . . .ib5 19.a4 e5 20.axb5 exf4 2 l .d6 ixd6 22.e5 ixe5 23.'1We2 a5 24.ixa8 id6 25.�d 1 fxg3 26.hxg3 We? 27.�d3 ic5 28.�ad 1 is comfortably winning for White, as the poor knight is condemned to a permanent exile on b8.

19.b3

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16.c!Llxd5!! A fantastic intuitive sacrifice. For the time being White will only get one pawn for the piece, but in return he will bring his rooks and g2-bishop to life, while mobilizing his central pawns and scattering the enemy forces into disarray.

16 J.xd5 •..

Of course not 16 ... exd5? 18Jhb7+-.

1 7Jk7 'We6

17.e4 J.c6 Returning the piece does not ease Black's task: 1 7 ... lt:la6? 1 8.exd5 exd5 1 9.'\Wfl ! (best, although White can also gain a serious edge with 1 9.'1Wb3 g5 20.ie5 �ad8 2 l .ifl f6 22.ib5 'We6 23.�c6 'Wf7 24.ic7 lt:lxc7 25 .�xc7±) 19 . . . '\Wb? ( 1 9 ... b5 20.a4 lt:lb4 2 l .�c7+-) 20.'\Wb5 �fd8 21.h4 and Black

a b 19 e5

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...

Some analysts may suggest that the timing is wrong for this move, but I cannot agree. There are lots of unpleasant tactics awaiting Black in other variations. Here are some illustrative lines: 1 9 . . .ib5 20.a4 e5 20 ...ia6? 2 l .�c7 'We8 22.dxe6+2 1 .ixe5 Even 2 l .axb5!? is promising: 2 l . ..exf4 22.d6 ixd6 23.e5 ixe5 24.�a2 a5 25.�d2 'Wxb5 26.ixa8 if6 27.id5 fxg3 28.hxg3 'Wd7 29.ig2 In this case, the two pawns do not provide sufficient compensation for the exchange. White has tremendous activity on the open files and the knight cannot get into the game. With the knight better placed,

1 72

Positional Chess Sacrifices

on c5 for example, the evaluation would be quite different. 2J. . .j,a6 22.:t='!c7 WeB 23.Wg4 g6 24.:t='!acl j,d8 25.j,b2! j,xc7 26.:t='!xc7

2l. ...ic5? Black can still put up a decent fight with: 2J. . .j,d8! 22.Wd4 f6

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Despite being a rook up, Black is completely lost. 26 . . .f6 Or 26 . . .Wd8 27.Wf4 f6 28.j,h3 g5 (28 ...i>h8 29.Wh6 wins) 29.Wxg5t! fxg5 30.:t='!g7t 'it>h8 3 I .j,e6! and Black is soon mated. 27.e5 :t='!f7 28.d6 :t='!xc7 29.dxc7 lt.Jd7 30.j,xa8 tt'lxe5 3 l .j,xe5 fxe5 32.Wf3 Wd7 33.Wd5t Wxd5 34.j,xd5t i>f8 35.j,e6+The endgame is easy.

20.he5 .ib5 2l..ib2!? 2 I .a4 is also strong, and transposes to the previous note. The bishop retreat produces a critical moment for Black, who must deal with the threat of 22.d6 j,d8 23.Wd4.

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23.d6 23.f4 is also interesting. 23 . . .j,c6 24.:t='!xc6 lLlxc6 25 .Wd5t 'it>h8 26.e5 lLlxe5 26 . . . fxe5 27.Wxc6 Wxc6 28.j,xc6 :t='!c8 29.:t='!cl j,f6 30.d7 :t='!cd8 (30 . . . :t='!c7 3 l .f4+-) 3 l .:t='!e I :t='!f7 32 .f4 e4 33 .j,xf6 gxf6 34 .:t='!xe4 :t='!fxd7 35.j,xd7 :t='!xd7 36.i>f2 and White's extra pawn gives him good winning chances. 27.Wxa8 j,e7 28.Wd5 Wxd6 29.Wxd6 j,xd6 30.:t='!dl j,c5 3 l .'it>fl :t='!e8 32.h3 a5 33.f4 4J f7 34.:t='!d7 4Jd6 35.g4 h 6 36.j,d5;!;

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 a b

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22.b4

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Good, but not best. 22.a4! j,a6 23.b4 j,d6 24.e5 j,xb4 25.d6 j,c5 26.Wf3 wins outright. c

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173

Chapter 8 - The Closed Games

22 ... .ia4 23.'iNd2 .ie7 23 ...�d6 does not help: 24.e5 �e7 25 .'1Mlc3 a5 26.e6 �f6 27.'1Mlxf6 gxf6 28.exd7 tt::l xd7 29.d6+-

29... c!Llxb4 30..ie4 �e8 3 1.a3 1-0

24.tM4 .if6 No better is 24 ... \Mlg4 25 .d6 tt::l c6 26.l:hc6 �xc6 27.dxe7 �fe8 28.�c l �a4 29.l"k7 a6 30.f4 winning.

25.e5

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 a

b

along the h 1 -a8 diagonal. Finally it makes its second move of the game, and eliminating an enemy rook is a fine contribution indeed!

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25 ....id8? The only attempt at a defence is 25 ...�g5, but even that is losing: 26.f4 �h6 27.b5! �xb5 28.a4 �a6 29.d6 �b7 30.l"k7+-

26.e6 fxe6 Alternatively 26 ...�f6 27.'1Mlxf6 gxf6 28.exd7 tt::lxd7 29.f4 l:!fe8 30.�f2 a5 3 l .a3 axb4 32.axb4 �b5 33.�f3 �f8 34.d6 wins.

27.dxe6 'iNxd4 28.Ld4 c!Lla6 28 ... tt::l c6 leads to a hopeless endgame: 29.�xc6 �xc6 30.l:!xc6 �e7 3 1 .l:!c7 �f6 32.�xf6 l:!xf6 33.l:!e 1 +-

Post-game reflections The 1 6.tt::lx d5!! sacrifice was a fantastic idea, and the death of the gallant knight really brought the rest of White's pieces to life. The subsequent moves and variations practically speak for themselves. With sacrifices such as this, once you spot the idea it is relatively easy to see its merits and determine its overall correctness. The really difficult part is actually stopping to consider the move in the first place, as most players would filter it out of their list of candidate moves without a second glance. The good news is that it is possible to develop your intuition for finding such extraordinary moves. There are no hard-and­ fast rules, but in the present game we can point to Black's lag in development and the time wasted on the . . .�a6-c4-a6-b7 manoeuvre as indicators that something was not quite right about his position, thus opening our minds to more creative attacking ideas than we would normally contemplate.

Tarrasch and Semi-Tarrasch Lajos Portisch Paul Keres -

Peuopolis 1973

Points to look for in this game: • A road to pain I O . . .�f6? • A pawn sacrifice for a dominant position - 1 5 .tt::l d3! • The cleanest route to victory - 20.'1Mld3! in the notes -

29.La8 The Catalan bishop has played a pivotal role in the game thus far, by supporting White's central play and generating constant threats

1 74

Positional Chess Sacrifices

l .c4 ti:)f6 2.ti:)c3 e6 3.ti:)f3 c5 4.g3 d5 5.cxd5 ti:)xd5 6.i.g2 i.e7 7.0-0 0-0 8.d4 ti:)c6 9.ti:)xd5

Very interesting is the author's 9.l"i:b 1 !?, which is analysed in detail in Dynamic Chess Strategy.

a b

The a-pawn is of little relevance, and Portisch is much more concerned with getting his pieces to their best squares as quickly as possible.

15 ...�xa2 16.i.d6 ges 17.ti:)f4

9...exd5 10.i.e3

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

15.�d3!

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10 ...i.f6? Better is 1 0 . . . c4! with equality.

l l .dxc5 hb2 12J��b l i.f6 13.ti:)el 1 3.lt:ld4 is not bad either, but Lajos Portisch is the sort of player who likes to threaten something with every move.

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17...i.f5? Concerned by the alarming growth in White's activity, Black is eager to exchange his light-squared bishop for its potent counterpart, and does not mind giving back the extra pawn. However, the medicine proves worse than the disease; White's remaining two minor pieces will still be powerful, and he will have a passed c-pawn to boot.

13 ...d4 14.i.f4 �a5 If you are going to have to suffer, then you may as well suffer with an extra pawn. There were two ways to limit White's advantage: 1 7 . . ..ie7 1 8 ..ixe7 1 8 . .id5 'Wa3 1 9 ..ixe7 l"i:xe7 20 ..ixc6 bxc6 2 l .'Wxd4t 1 8 . . . lt:lxe7 1 8 . . . l"i:xe7 1 9.lt:ld5 l"i:d7 20.l"i:a1 'Wxd5 (not 20 ... 'Wb2 2 1 .lt:lb6+-) 2 l ..ixd5 E!:xd5 22.'Wc1 .if5 23.'Wb2 l"i:d7 24.f3 l"i:e8 25.l"i:a3± 1 9.'Wxd4 lt:lc6 20 ..ixc6 bxc6 2 l .Ei:fd 1

175

Chapter 8 - The Closed Games

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2 1 . . .1Mfa6 2 1 ...1Mfa5? 22.lt:lh5 f6 23J::!:b 7!!+22.:B:b2 ig4 23.f3 1Mfa5 24.:B:bd2 ie6 25.'kt>g2 h6;!;

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22...:B:ec8?!

1 7 . . .ig5 1 8.id5 1Mfa3 1 9.e3

22 . . . lt:ld8 offers more resistance.

23.:B:bb7 :B:xc7 24.:B:xc7 tLla5 25.ltld5 .idS 26.tLle7t

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1 9 . . .ixf4 (but not 1 9 . . . dxe3? 20.ixf7t! c;t>xf7 2 1 .1Mfh5t 'kt>f6 22.lt:ld5t c;t>e6 23.lt:lc7t cj;Jf6 24.f4 and mate is imminent) 20.exf4 ie6 2 l .ixe6 :B:xe6 22.:B:xb7;!;

18.:B:xb7 .ie4 19 ..ixe4 :B:xe4 By now White's position should be winning.

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26 .ixe7?! •.•

With safety in mind, Portisch goes for the endgame, but in the process he loses a significant portion of his advantage.

After this, Black has no real hope of saving the game. It is slightly better to delay the exchange with 26 ... c;t>h8 in order to force the white rook off the c-file, thereby slowing the advance of the c-pawn: 27.:B:d7 ixe7 28.:B:xe7 c;t>gs 29.c;t>g2 lt:lc4±

Better is 20.1Mfd3! :B:ee8 2 l .:B:b3 1Mfa5 22.lt:ld5 :B:ac8 23.:B:fb 1 +-.

27.ixe7 h6 28.c6 :B:b8 29..id6 i>h7 30.:B:xf7 gbl t 3 1.i>g2 tLlxc6 32.gc7 ltld8 33.gxa7

20.�bl?!

1 76

Positional Chess Sacrifices

gb5 34.f4 tLlb7 35.�e5 gb4 36.�xd4 g5 37.�f3 �g6 38.ga6t �f7 39.e3 1-0 Post-game reflections This game featured several pawn sacrifices and trades. Black left a pawn hanging on c5 but collected one on b2, then White sacrificed the pawn on a2 and Black reciprocated by donating the one on b7. The game was effectively decided by the differences in the value gained by both sides. When Black offered to trade c5 for b2, he gave his opponent an outpost on d6 and an open b-file. When White gave up his a-pawn he used the extra time to improve his pieces, whereas when Black gave up b7 his only achievement was to exchange a pair of bishops, which did little to ease his suffering.

Slav and Semi-Slav Lev Polugaevsky - Eugenio Torre Moscow 1981

Points to look for in this game: •

•

Dubious opening play from Black 1 3 . . . lt:lb6?! The start of a fine sacrificial idea 1 4.dxe6!

Although this is a fantastic game (particularly the first 25 moves) , I decided not to go overboard with the annotations. The most important things about it have already been said by other commentators, and if I wanted to elucidate all the details, that would be a lifetime job. In the unconventional situations that arise, the machine is not very helpful.

I .d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.tLlf3 tlJf6 4.tLlc3 e6 5.�g5 dxc4 6.e4 b5 7.e5 h6 8.�h4 g5 9.tLlxg5 hxg5 IO.hg5 tLlbd7 l l.exf6 �b7 12.g3 c5 13.d5

�· sw� �� t�r� •� ,,�� � '"" , . �. !.% � . � � 5� ·-lSm � 4 m•m muu� ��� �%/� 3 ���;"//. ;� ; mr�% ' 2 8fi "";m �ouu � d""%� vlfli�-1£ b s

7

6

'""

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13.. )t�b6?! Nowadays it has been established that 1 3 . . .Wb6 is the best answer, but this only became known precisely because of the present game!

14.dxe6! '%Yxdl t 15.gxdl �xhl I6.e7 a6 At the time of the game, this line was considered to be a not especially dangerous exchange sacrifice (after the normal 1 7.exf8=Wt). To see Polugaevsky's extraordinary idea and the further adventures in the middlegame, turn to page 338.

Garry Kasparov -Vladimir Kramnik Dos Herman as 1 996

Points to look for in this game: • White gives up a pawn in pursuit of the initiative - 14.b4 • Black ups the ante with a piece sacrifice 2 1 . . .0-0?! • White falters - 23.lt:'lf3? and 24.lt:lc5?!

I.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.tLlc3 tlJf6 4.ltlf3 e6 5.e3 ltlbd7 6.�d3 dxc4 7.hc4 b5 s.id3 ib7 The most frequent line is 8 . . .a6 9.e4 c5 1 0.e5 cxd4 I I .lt:'lxb5 with diabolic complications.

Chapter 8 - The Closed Games

�nother reasonable alternative is 8 . . . b4 9.tt.'le4

177

l l . .c4 12..ic2 �c7 13.l2Jd4 tLlc5 .

£e7.

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lh� immediate advance in the centre does not give much. For example: 9.e4 b4 1 0.tt.'la4 c5 1 l .e5 tt.'ld5 1 2.tt.'lxc5 tt.'lxc5 13.dxc5 .ixc5 4.0-0 h6 1 5 .tt.'ld2 0-0 16.tt.'le4 .id4 1 7 .tt.'ld6 c d .ic6 1 8 ..ih7t xh7 1 9 '?Nxd4 r'c.6- has reature m many games.

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14...cxb3 15.axb3 b4 I6..!LJa4 .!LJcxe4

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17..ixe4 1 7 .dxe6 Eid8 1 8 .exf7t \t>xf7 1 9 . .ie3 .idG 20.h3 Eihe8 2 l .Eic l tt.'lc3 22.tt.'lxc3 bxc3 was at least equal for Black in Haila - Marttinen ' corr. 1 994.

Positional Chess Sacrifices

1 78

Other possibilities, such as giving up two pieces for a rook by 20 . . . 0-0 2 l .fxe4 j,xh2t 22. xh2 '\Wxfl 23.'\Wxfl E!:xfl 24.ltlc5±, are not appetizing at all.

17... lthe4 18.dxe6

2 l.g3 2 1 .h3 '1We5 does not solve White's problems.

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1 8 ... .id6 19.exf7t '!Wxf7 Risky play. 1 9 . . f7+) 22 ... 0-0

This weakening is of course forced. If Black succeeds in castling short, his two bishops and better piece placement will make him clear favourite.

2o . '!Whs .

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The alternative 20 . . . ltlf6 2 l .Ei:e l t gives White a winning advantage. a

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179

Chapter 8 - The Closed Games 23.l:'!a2 .ixg3 24.l:'!g2.ie5 25.lt:lc5 l:'!ad8 26 ..ie3 .ic8 27.f4 Wfxd l 28.l:'!xdl .ixf4 29 ..ixf4 l:!xf4 and the three pawns are certainly enough to compensate for the missing piece.

22.fxe4

23.l:'!a2!? .ixe4 24.l:!xf8t l:!xf8 25.l:'!f2 l:!xf2 26.\t>xf2 Wfxh2t 27.i>e3 .ig6 with equality. 23.l:'!xf8t l:!xf8 24.Wfe2 .ixg3 25.lt:lf5 .ib8 26.lt:lc5 .ie5 27.lt:lxb7 .ixa l 28 ..ie3.ie5 29.lt:lc5 l:!f6 30 ..ig5 l:!f7 with a balanced position.

The sacrifice has to be accepted. 22.lt:le6? loses to 22 ...lt:l xg3 23.Wfxd6 lt:lxfl 24.lt:lxf8 l:'!xf8-+ . 22.Wfe2 lt:lc5!? gives Black a clear advantage.

22 .. .\1lrfh3 White is a whole piece up, but the two black bishops are directed towards his king, and he is facing threats of 23 . . ..ixe4 and 23 . . ..ixg3.

The strongest continuation is: 23.Wfe2! .ixg3?! This sacrifice does not work here, but nor does anything else. For example: 23 . . . l:!fe8 24.l:'!a2 .ixe4 25 ..if4 and White has a decisive advantage. 24.lt:lf5! White successfully covers everything. I am sure that it was precisely this move (rather than 23.Wfe2) which escaped the reckoning of both contenders. 24.hxg3? would lose: 24 ...Wfxg3t 25.Wfg2 l:'!xfl t 26.i>xfl l:'!f8t 27.i>gl Wfe l t-+ 24 . . . l:!xf5 24 . . ..ixe4? 25.lt:lxg3+25.l:!xf5 .ixh2t 26.Wfxh2 Wfg4t 27.\t>f2 Wfxe4 28.Wfe5 White is winning.

23...hg3

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23.c!l:H3? The start of an unfortunate sequence of four substandard moves. Let's look at the alternatives: 23.lt:lf5? is also unsatisfactory: 23 ....ixe4 24.l:'!a2 (24.lt:le3 .ixg3 25 .l:'!a2 .if4-+) 24 ...l:!xf5 25.l:!xf5 Wfxf5 26.Wfxd6 Wff3 and Black is winning. 23 ..if4?! .ixf4 24.Wfd3 l:!ac8 with a slight advantage for Black.

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24.t£Jc5?! Even worse is 24.hxg3? Wfxg3t 25.\t>hl .ixe4 and Black wins.

1 80

Positional Chess Sacrifices

Slightly more reasonable is: 24.1'l:a2 ib8! 25.ltk5 ia7 26.ie3 l'!ac8 27.l'!g2 l'!xc5!+

After the fourth error in a row (disregarding the absolutely forced 26.\t>fl ), White is completely lost.

And finally, the best defensive try is 24.'11*'e2! id6 25 .:!"1:a2 l'!ac8 26.'1Mfg2 'Wxg2t 27.'it>xg2 ixe4 28.ie3 l'!c6, when Black's advantage is kept to a minimum.

The machine recommends 27.l'!a5, which at least slows down Black's progress, although it cannot ultimately save White.

24 l'!xf3! 25.l'!xf3?

27 i.h5t 28.�d3 .•.

•..

Again, White had a better defence: 25.:!"1:a2 l'!xfl t 26.'1Mfxfl 'Wxfl t 27.cttxfl l'!c8 28 .ie3

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28 .. J�e8! 29.l'!a2 �hl t

25 �xh2t 26.\t>fl .•.

Black is a rook down, but his attack is tremendous.

Even more clinical is 29 ... ixd3t! with mate in four.

30.'it>e2 l'!xe4t 3 l.'it>d2 �g2t 32.\t>cl �xa2 33J�xg3 �al t 34.'it>c2 �c3t 35.\t>bl �M4 0-1 Post-game reflections

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It is often said that the best form of defence is a counterattack, and it certainly proved true in this game. Kasparov looked to be on the way towards catching the black king in the centre, and even though Kramnik's piece sacrifice was not strictly correct, it was good enough to make his opponent uncomfortable. There is a lesson in "playing the man, not the board" here, as Kasparov is a lot less happy defending than attacking, and it showed in this game.

Chapter 9

The Semi-Closed Games Blumenfeld Gambit What is the object ofplaying a gambit opening? . . .

has since been proved that the move 4 . . . b5 is unfavourable to Black, if White declines the gambit." - Alekhine.

To acquire a reputation ofbeing a dashing player at the cost oflosing a game - Siegberr Tarrasch

We begin with a classic example of heroic sacrificial play, which won a brilliancy prize and made the Blumenfeld Gambit popular. I have taken the liberry of inserting a few comments by Alekhine himself.

4.d5 b5 5.dxe6 For a long time, 5.�g5 was considered best for White, but not all modern analysts agree. An example of how play may unfold is: 5 . . .exd5 6.cxd5 d6 7.e4 a6 8.a4 s

j� ,��-�-{ :��r.�lr r j��:»�� }.;3� � �W[j����!W!j �Q:)�Jm���h8 2 1 ."\Wg4 h5 22."\Wg5 i.xc5 23.i.xe5 E!d7 24."\Wh6# Karpov - Lobron, Walldorf (rapid) 1 997.

8...0-0 9..ie2 The paradoxical 9.e4! may be good. For example: 9 . . .i.c7 1 0.i.e2 d4 1 1 .e5 lLlg4 1 2.i.g5 "\We8 1 3.lt:'le4 l2:J d7 1 4 .b4! lt:'l dxe5 1 5.lt:'lxe5 lt:'lxe5 1 6.lt:'lxc5 "\Wg6 1 7.f4±

9....ib7 10.b3

"With the intention of protecting the h2-square with the knight (it:Jd2-fl ) . From now on, White defends himself in the best way. Yet his position is already weakened, due to the strategic mistake in the opening - giving up the centre in exchange for a pawn of little value." - Alekhine. Of his assets, Alekhine fails to mention the f-file, which is crucial in this gambit and plays a role in all the attacking variations. Let me stress his point that White playing the best moves "from now on" is not enough, the problems having been generated before. It is important to play good moves throughout the whole game.

1 83

Chapter 9 - Th e Semi-Closed Games For some time I believed that the text move was wrong, and that White could still defend. I looked at other moves (such as 1 4.lt:la4 or 14.lt:ld2) , trying very hard to make them work. At the beginning, the programs are very optimistic about White's chances, but then the evaluations show downturns in all lines. The best that we (that is, me guided by the machine) could manage is: 14.lt:la4 e4 1 5.lt:lg5 lt:le5 1 6J::!:ad l .ic8 1 7.b6 and here the programs "see" equality, bur who can believe that?

White cannot take the pawn: 22.exd4 e3! 23.lt:lxe3 (or 23.E!:gl 1Mig3!) 23 . . . lt:lxe3 24.fxe3 1Mig3 25.lt:lfl E!:xfl t 26.E!:xfl 1Mfh2#

22 d3 23.�c4t cifihs 24.i.h2 .•.

14 e4 15.lt:ld2 �e5 16.llJdl? .•.

1 6.h3 was mandatory, even though it weakens the kingside.

16 �fg4! 17..ixg4 �xg4 IS.�fl •.•

25.cifigl After 25.fxg3? 1Mfxg3 White will be mated.

25 i.d5 •••

Driving the queen away from the centre.

26.�a4 lLle2t 27.cifihl E!:f7 28.�a6 h5 a

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18 �g5! •.•

"The correct continuation of the attack. White had protected the squares f2 and h2, but g2 is still vulnerable. And so it is against this point that Black will direct his attack, by ... lt:J h6-f5-h4." - Alekhine.

White has no way of freeing himself on the kingside, so Black has time to strengthen his position before embarking on the final assault.

29.b6

19.h3 �h6 20.Cbhl lt:lf5 2 l.�h2 d4! 2 1 ...lt:lh4 22J::!:g l + is not yet decisive, so Alekhine advances in the centre, while also increasing the influence of the b7-bishop.

22.1d a

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1 84

Positional Chess Sacrifices

29 .. .ltJg3t!

Post-game reflections

Visiting the g3-square for a second time. Once again White cannot dare capture it on account of the ensuing unstoppable mating threats.

30.'i!?gl axb6 31.'?Nxb6 d2 32J�fl tlJxfl Winning the exchange is largely irrelevant. Alekhine's motivation was to eliminate an important defensive piece while driving the enemy king to a more exposed square in the process.

33.liJxfl .ie6! After playing a supporting role for most of the game, the bishop finally joins in the attack with decisive effect.

34.hl After 34.\Mfc6, Alekhine points out a nice finish: 34 . . . l:'i:f3! 3 5.'1Mfxe4 �d5 36.'1Mfa4 '1Mfxg2t! 37.@xg2 l:'i:g3t 38.@h2 l:'i:g2t 39.�hl l:'i:h2t 40.@g l l:'i:h l #

When analysing this classic game I found it interesting to observe the way that modern computers validate Black's play, as discussed in the notes to move 1 4 . At that stage of the game the machines strongly prefer White, but with some human guidance the evaluation steadily comes down. Although Alekhine's sacrificial play makes a strong impression, it is important to remember that his attack did not just appear out of nowhere, and it was only made possible by his powerful pawn centre, which enabled him to bring several pieces to the danger zone. The timely advance of the d-pawn also played a key role in disrupting White's pieces and adding extra force to Black's kingside threats. This game may be approaching a century in age, but it remains one of the best ever examples of a long-term positional sacrifice subsequently leading to a mating attack. The next game proves that playing the Blumenfeld is not always a bed of roses. Some of the annotations below are inspired by the comments of GM Alexander Baburin from his Chess Today online magazine. All that matters on the chessboard is good moves -

Bobby Fischer

Igor Naumkin - Alexander Shabalov a

34....bh3!

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USSR Championship (semi-final), Riga 1988

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With this final sacrifice Black bludgeons his way through the kingside. The rest is easy.

35.gxh3 ga 36.liJg3 h4 37.i.f6 '?Nxf6 38.liJxe4 gxh3t White resigns, as 39.@g l �h2t wins the queen, while 39.@g2 '1Mff3t leads to mate.

Points to look for in this game: • Black loses valuable time - 5 . . . bxc4?! and 6 . . .\Mfb6? • Black takes pawns but loses too much time - 7 ...'1Mfxb2 and 1 0 ... l2Jxe4? • A crude but effective attack to decide the game - 1 2 .'1Mfh5!

1 85

Chapter 9 - The Semi-Closed Games

l.d4 tLlf6 2.c4 e6 3 .!Llf3 c5 4.d5 b5 5 .ig5

6.tLlc3 'l&b6? 7.e4!

As Alekhine mentioned, White can decline the pawn offer, and the text move is the most popular way to do so. It is invariably given an exclamation mark in annotations, but I have broken this custom, because the dispute is still going on.

"This is the most energetic reply to 6 .. .1.Wb6 - White simply ignores Black's threat!" Baburin.

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7 '1&xb2 .••

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5 bxc4?! •..

As a consequence of this, Black will lose the development race, which, as proved by many games in this book, is still the most frequent reason for catastrophe.

There is a reason why queen trips in the opening, for the sake of pawns, are seldom recommended by manuals.

8 .id2! .

This seems strongest, although the alternative is also not bad: 8.1"i:cl h6 9.�xf6 gxf6 1 0.�xc4 a6 1 1 .0-0±

The alternatives are: 5 ... h6?! 6.�xf6 'l&xf6 7.ltlc3 b4 8.ltlb5 Wd8 9.e4 g5 1 0.e5 'l&g7 1 1 .h3 �b7 1 2.'1&a4 a5 1 3.0-0-0+-Azmaiparashvili- Miroshnichenko, Kallithea 2009. 5 . . .'1&a5t 6.ltlc3 tt:le4 7.�d2 tt:lxd2 8.tt:lxd2 b4 9.ltlce4 f5 1 o.ltlg5 �e7 1 1 .ltlgf3 �f6 1 2.'1&b3 0-0 1 3.e4 1"i:e8 14.e5 �xe5 1 5 .ltlxe5 exd5"" Kaidanov - Robson, US Championship 20 1 0. 5 . . . exd5 6.cxd5 h6 (an example with 6 . . . d6 was given in the note to the 5th move in the previous game) 7.�xf6 'l&xf6 8.e4 'l&xb2 9.ltlbd2 c4 1 0.1"i:b 1 'l&xa2 1 1 .1"i:xb5 c3 1 2.ltlc4 a5"" Gelfand - Vallejo Pons, Leon 20 1 0.

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l l . . .'l&b6 1 2.ltld2 e5 1 3 .1"i:b l 'l&c7 1 4.d6 'l&xd6 1 5 .�d5 tt:lc6 1 6.ltlc4 'l&c7 1 7.f4 1"i:h7 1 8.fxe5 fxe5 1 9 .'1&h5+- d6 20.1"i:b6 �d7 2 l .�xf7t Wd8 22.ltld5 'l&a7 23 .�g6 1"i:h8 24.1"i:xf8t 1 -0 Barlov - Martinez, Ponferrada 1 997.

186

Positional Chess Sacrifices

8 .ia6 9.:1�bl \1;Va3 .•.

8 �- m•� �� 7 ··- ----� ·� -,��/-, 6 Aallaf• 'll 5 �� ���/.._ ;�

ll•••!.llll __

4

m�m / 2 'li�-�-----;� �� :� •'•'i=.r•.: 3e � a

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lO.tlJe5! tlJxe4� When behind in development it is dangerous to attempt such sacrifices, as the activity of the opponent's pieces may decide the game before the pawn mass can have an influence. "Black had to settle for 1 0 . . .Wfa5 though after 1 1 .tLlxc4 Wfc7 1 2.Wfa4 exd5 1 3.exd5 .ixc4 14 ..ixc4 .ie7 1 5 .0-0 0-0 1 6.tLlb5 Wfc8 1 7.:1'!:fe 1 White got an overwhelming position in the game Benjamin - Hebert, USA 1 980." - Baburin.

1 l .tlJxe4 exd5 1 2.\1;Vh5!+Simple and crushing. Black limps on for a few more moves but his position is completely hopeless.

12 ... g6 13.tlJf6t '4!e7 1 5.tlJxc4! Lc4

14.tlJxd5t '4!e6

1 5 . . . gxh5 1 6.tLlc7t @f5 1 7.tLlxa3+-

16.\1;Vg4t '4!xd5 17..ixc4t '4!d6 18.\1;Vf4t rtfc6 19.\1;Ve4t '4!c7 20.\1;Vb?t '4!d6 21J�dl \1;Va4 22 .ig5t 1-0 •

Post-game reflections Here we saw another example of the most elemental of positional sacrifices, where White gave up a couple of pawns to obtain a huge lead in development and attacking chances. Black tried giving up a piece for a mobile pawn mass, but in doing so he fell even further behind in development and he was deservedly crushed. Unhappy with the new methods used by White against the Blumenfeld, several players, including Dmitri Gurevich, Alburt and Dzindzichashvili, have tried the move order 3.tLlf3 a6, which waits for White to play 4.tLlc3 before Black continues 4 . . . c5 5.d5 b5. The following game transposes into this line.

Ferenc Peredy - Mihai Suba Balaguer 2005

Points to look for in this game: • Declining the gambit and playing for development - see 6 ..ig5 and 7 ..ig5!?, both in the notes • White should defend by gaining space on the kingside - 28.f4! in the notes • A defensive exchange sacrifice - 32J'!:xd3! in the note to move 28

l.d4 tlJf6 2.c4 e6 3.tlJc3 a6 4.tlJf3 c5 5.d5 5 .e4 cxd4 6.tLlxd4 transposes to a sharp variation of the Sicilian Paulsen. a

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1 87

Chapter 9 - The Semi-Closed Games

s ...b5 6.dxe6 In my database, there were no games with White accepting the gambit. Even my best (and very greedy) chess engines much prefer 6 ..ig5, and that has been most popular in practice, in similar fashion to the "normal" Blumenfeld.

20.e4 .ib7 2 1 .exd5 .ixd5? Repeatedly negligent play will lead an experienced grandmaster into trouble. (The right way to maintain equality is 2 1 ...lLlbxd5.) 22.lLlxd5 exd5? (22 ... lLlbxd5±) 23.l:'i:xc8 '\Wxc8

6...fxe6

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24.lLlg6!+- l:'i:e8 25 ..ixd6 hxg6 26 ..ixg6 l:'i:xe 1 t 27.'\Wxel '\Wg4 28 ..ib 1 r±> f7 29.'\We7t 1 -0 Caravan - Nevednichy, Calimanesti 1 997. a

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7...axb5

7.cxb5 This greedy move can be improved upon: 7.e4 b4 8.e5 bxc3 9.exf6 .ib7 1 0.f7t r±> xf7 1 l ..ie2 cxb2 1 2 ..ixb2 \WaSt 1 3.r±>fl and White keeps a slight advantage. 7 ..ig5!? is even more interesting: 7 . . ..ie7 8.e3 bxc4 9 ..ixc4 d5 1 0 ..id3 lLlc6 1 l .l:'i:cl c4 12 ..ib 1 l:'i:b8 1 3.b3 cxb3 1 4.axb3 lLlb4 ( 1 4 ... .ia3!?) 1 5 ..if4 .id6 1 6.lLle5 0-0 1 7.0-0 a5 1 8.l:'i:e 1 .ia6 1 9 ..ig3 l:'i:c8= a

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s.tihb5 The less materialistic alternative 8.e4 b4 9.lLlb5 .ie7 1 0 ..if4 0-0 1 l ..ic7 '\We8 1 2 ..id6 .ixd6 1 3.lLlxd6 '\Wh5 is highly unclear.

8. .Y;Yast 9.tiJc3 .tb7 10.e3 i.e? l l..td2 Y;Yb6 12.b3 .

Just losing time. White should complete his a

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1 88

Positional Chess Sacrifices

development with 1 3.�e2 0-0 1 4.0-0.

12 ...0-0 13.�e2 d5 14.0-0 �bd7 1 5.�c2?!

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15 .. .'it>h8 As my intention was to advance the central pawns (beginning with ... e5), I thought my move was very clever, avoiding any future counterplay on the a2-g8 diagonal. But looking again, I wonder if it was also a loss of time.

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26.\WxcS (26.W'b2 l:!f5 27.�h1 tt:l f3 28.gxf3 �f6 29.�c3 exf3 30.�xf6 gxf6 3 1 .l:!g1 l:!h5 32.l:!g3 W'xg3 33.W'xf6t W'g7+ is what I got from the programs, but who plays like that?) 26 ...\Wf6 27.W'd4 tt:lf3t 28.gxf3 W'xf3 and Black wins easily.

16 ... �d6 17.�c3 e5i 18.l:!ad1 e4 19.�d2 �e6 20.�b2 �c6 2l .h3 �xa4 22.bxa4

However, the immediate attempt to seize the initiative only leads to simplifications. For example: 1 5 . . . d4 1 6.exd4 cxd4 1 7.tt:lb5! �xf3 1 8.gxf3 l:!ac8 1 9.W'b2 e5 20.:i:!acl tt:l e4! 2 1 .l:!xc8 l:!xc8 22.�c4t l:!xc4 23.bxc4 W'g6t 24.�h 1 W'f7 25.fxe4 W'f3t 26.�g1 W'g4t with perpetual check.

16.�a4

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The knight loses its fighting potential here. Facing the unpleasant pawn stroll . . . e5-e4, it is not easy for White to find a coherent plan, and from now on he is just "making moves".

22.. J:Hb8

But if White plays more aggressively, it can backfire: 1 6.a4 e5 1 7.a5 ( 1 7.l:!fc l may be more circumspect) 1 7 . . .\Wc6 1 8.tt:lg5 h6 1 9.tt:lf3 e4 20.tt:lh4 tt:l h7 2 l .�b5 W'd6 22.�xd7 �xh4 23.�b5 ltl g5 24.�e 1 d4 25.tt:la4 d3

23.�b5 c4

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Leaving the promising f-file j ust to attract the bishop to b5 is not the best. More to the point are 22 ... :!:!xa4 or 22 ... tt:l b6!.

Cutting off the white bishop from the theatre of operations and establishing strong support for a knight on d3.

1 89

Chapter 9 - The Semi-Closed Games

24.'?Nc2 After 24.�xd7 '?Nxd7, White will begin losing pawns.

24 c!Llc5 25 .id4 c!Lld3 26.c!Llbl! J.d6 27.c!Llc3 ••.

•

Owing to Black's slow play, White has succeeded in untangling his pieces and manoeuvring them onto more reliable squares. Now apart from the powerful knight on d3, White's only problem is his lack of space on the kingside. a

27 J.c7 •••

The temptation to go for a mating attack is always there, but probably better is: 27 . . Jk8 28.f4 exf3 29.1'l:xf3 �e5 30.1'l:xd3 cxd3 3 l .Wfxd3+

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Finally, the mating mechanism is assembled, forcing the fatal weakening of the f3-square.

3l .g3 1':!:£3 32.c!Llf4 c!Llhxf4 33.exf4 '?Ne6 34..ie5 he5 35.fxe5 '?Nxh3 36.'?Ng5 e3! 0-1 Post-game reflections

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28.c!Lle2? After this "natural" move, the result is no longer in doubt. It was necessary to try: 28.f4! exf3 29.1'l:xf3 Wfd6 30.g3 �b6 3 l .�xf6 gxf6 32.1'l:xd3! (again we see this leitmotif of White's defence) 32 ... cxd3 33.Wfxd3 1'l:d8 34.tt'le2 We5 35.�g2 1'l:ac8 36.Wfb3 and White's position seems playable.

28 1'l:f8 29.'?Nc3 c!Llh5! 30.'?Nd2 '?Nd6 ••.

Although my own play was not on the same level as Alekhine's against Tarrasch, I was able to use some of the lessons gleaned from the maestro's virtuoso performance. In simple terms, Black was able to build a lethal kingside attack, which was only made possible by his central domination. Throughout the game White's extra pawn had no impact on the play, and the final attack was unspectacular but highly effective.

Bogo-Indian Defence Nimzo-lndian players need alternative defences against 3.lLlf3, 3.e3 and 3.g3. Besides the ever-solid Queen's Gambit Declined and the Queen's Indian, they can answer 3 . . .�b4t, which can lead to either a light- or dark­ squared strategy, depending on White's reply. In the event of 4.�d2, Black will normally place his pawns on the dark squares ( . . . d7-d6, . . . e6-e5). On the other hand, after 4.tt'ld2 b6,

190

Positional Chess Sacrifices

the control of the a8-h l diagonal is the key to equilibrium. !he tactician knows what to do when there is

14.llJfd2 8

something to do; whereas the strategist knows

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Gerald

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what to do when there is nothing to do

-

Abrahams

5

Garry Kasparov - Artur Yusupov

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USSR Championship, Frunze 1981

3

Points to look for in this game: • Provocative opening play from Black 8 . . . ltlc6?! • A pawn sacrifice to fight for the initiative - 1 9.'Wf2! • Careful regrouping is needed - 27 ... 'We7! and 30 . . . b5!? in the notes

l.d4 llJf6 2.c4 e6 3 . .!i:Jf3 i.b4t 4.i.d2 a5 5.g3 In Bazna 2007, Mecking surprised me with 5.'Wc2 when best is probably: 5 ...i.xd2t 6.ltlbxd2 (If 6.'Wxd2, Black's extra tempo with the a-pawn when compared with an immediate exchange on d2, should be useful.) 6 ...d6 7.e4 ltlc6 8.e5?! dxe5 9.dxe5 ltld7 1 o.'Wc3 'We7 l l .a3 a4 1 2.i.d3 ltlc5 1 3.i.c2 f5 14.exf6 'Wxf6 1 5.ltle4 ltlxe4 1 6.i.xe4 'Wxc3t 1 7.bxc3 ltla5 with equality, Korchnoi - Larsen, Las Palmas 1 98 1 .

5 ...0-0 5 ... d6 is covered in the next game.

2 1

r-="-'l"/r\�:;;9� ������

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14...g5 This is overambitious, but psychologically it worked, as White rook it seriously. Most players would play simply 1 4 . . . g6 followed by . . .i.g7.

15.llJc3 i.g7 Black is preparing . . . f5-f4, a plan which does not involve big threats and can be ignored for the moment.

I6.lLlh5 Wfds 17.f4? An impulsive reaction against the aforementioned plan. White's play should be in the centre and on the queenside, taking advantage of the unnatural placing of the rwo black minor pieces: 1 7.b4 f5 1 8.ltlf3 axb4

6.i.g2 b6 7.0-0 i.a6 s.Wfc2 ltlc6?! A very strange move, renouncing a central battle. Any of 8 . . . d5, 8 . . . c5 or 8 . . . c6 should provide a better defence.

9.i.g5! i.e? 10.a3 h6 l l .i.xf6 i.xf6 12J�dl Wfe7 13.e3 gae8?! Another strange move, which overcrowds a sector of the board. 1 3 . . .:!':1:ab8 1 4.b3 g6 1 5.ltlc3 i.g7 seems more natural.

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191

Chapter 9 - The Semi-Closed Games 1 9.Wfa4! j,b? 20.axb4 f4 2 l .exf4 gxf4 22.Ei:a3;!;

22 c!Zld6

17 ... �e7 18.c!Zlf3 c!ZlfS

It looks as if Artur had a bet that he would play more unnatural moves in a single game that he did in the rest of his career!

Black could also get an edge with: 18 ... d5 1 9.a4 lt:lf5 20.Ei:e l gxf4 2 l .gxf4 c6 22.lt:la3 Wfe?+

.•.

The simpler approach is: 22 . . . lt:l e7 23.cj;>hl Wfc?+

23.ttle5 f5 This indicates a bit of panic when facing the kingside attack. Better is: 23 . . .Wfe7 24.cj;>h l Wh8 25.Ei:ac l j,a6 26.d5 c5+

24.c!Zlxc4 c!Zlxc4 25.b3 c!Zld6 26.e5 c!Zlc8 27.�£3 8 a

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19.Wff2! Faced with the predictable deterioration of his position, Kasparov decides to give up a pawn for some initiative. 1 9 .Wfe2 gxf4 20.exf4 c6 2 l .g4 cxb5 22.cxb5 j,xb5 23.Wfxb5 lt:le3 24.Ei:d3 ltJd5 25.f5 ltJf4 26.Ei:d2 d5+ is not very inspiring for White.

19 c6 20.�c3 gxf4 2l.gxf4 hc4 22.e4 .•.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a

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27 i>h7 •.•

Unravelling the pieces was the number one priority, and after that Black can activate the knight. This could have been achieved with 27 . . .Wfe7! 28.cj;>h l Wh7 29.j,h5 Ei:d8 30.Ei:gl Ei:g8 3 l .Wfg3 Wh8 (threatening 32 ... j,xe5) 32.Wff3 lt:la7 33.a4 d5 34.Wfd3 c5 and Black is doing fine.

28-i.hS Ei:e7 29.i>hl :ggs 30.:ggl �h8?!

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Yusupov again tries to solve the problems in a most unnatural way, and he will run head­ first into Kasparov's exuberant imagination. Better is 30 . . . b5!? trying to activate the knight.

Positional Chess Sacrifices

1 92

differentiate greatly between sacrifices actually played and potential ones.

l .d4 lLlf6 2.c4 e6 3.�f.3 �b4t 4.�d2 a5 5.g3

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Garry has succeeded in rustling up some play on the kingside. How can White increase the pressure? See the continuation on page 3 1 2. Before the endgame, the gods have placed the

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middlegame - Siegbert Tarrasch

5 ...d6

But you may ask: "What about the opening, then?"

If Black wants to carry out a plan with ... d6 and ... e5, he must start it immediately. Otherwise, the d2-bishop will break free from the pin in time, and the black bishop will be in trouble.

Alexander Beliavsky - Mihai Suba Kings Tournament, Bazna 2007

Points to look for in this game:

6.�g2 �bd7 7.0-0 e5 8.�g5 exd4 9.�xd4 h6 1 o.�f4 o-o I I .a3 A very natural continuation is: 1 l .Wfc2 .ic5 1 2.�d l

• A sacrifice out of nowhere - 1 2 . . . tt:lg4!? 1 3.h3 tt:lxf1 in the notes • A thematic exchange sacrifice - 1 8 ...�xe3!? in the note to move 1 2 • Black misses a strong opportunity 1 7 . . . c6! in the notes The sacrifice of a pawn in this game happens quite late on, and the position fits well in the final chapter on endgame sacrifices. Nevertheless, the opening and middlegame phases of the game are also instructive. Although not played in the game, there are several unusual sham and true sacrifices lurking in the background. As I indicated in the introduction, I do not

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Here I had spotted an unbalancing sacrifice: 1 2 . . . tt:lg4 1 2 . . .Wfe7 was played in Grabliauskas Hellsten, Pula 1 997. Although Black won in

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Chapter 9 - The Semi-Closed Games 44 moves, I didn't find the game convincing. 1 3.h3 lt:lxf2 1 4.i>xf2 Wff6 1 5 .Wfd2 g5 I would be quite happy with this outcome, and especially with its psychological value. 1 6.lt:lc3 1 6.e3 gxf4 1 7.gxf4 lt:le5 1 8.b3 Wfh4t 1 9 .i>fl .ixd4 20.Wfxd4 lt:lc6+ 1 6 ... gxf4 1 7.Wfxf4 Wfxf4t 1 8.gxf4 lt:l f6 1 9.lt:la4 .ia7 20.e3 E!:e8=

1 8 ...E!:xe3!? This exchange sacrifice calls out to be played. ( 1 8 . . ..id7?! led to an eventual win for White in Manor - Kogan, Tel Aviv 1 997.) 1 9.fxe3 Wfe5 20.Wfd3 .id7 2 1 .g4 lt:lg3 22.E!:f4 h5 23.'it>f2 g5 24.E!:f3 h4oo 1 7.h3

l l .ic5 12.'�� c3 ...

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12 a4!? ...

An interesting move and a novelty, played as a result of my ignorance! Had I anticipated Beliavsky's 1 1 th move, I could have prepared one of the interesting sacrifices below.

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1 7. . . d5! Initiating complications which are by no means unfavourable to Black. 1 8 .cxd5 lt:lbxd5 1 9.lt:lxd5 cxd5 20 ..ib2 lt:le4 Black can opt for a less risky approach: 20 ....id7 2 l .e3 E!:c8 (or 2 1 . ..lt:le4 22.Wfh5 Wfg5=) 22.E!:c l lt:le4 23.Wfh5 lt:l f6 24.Wff3 lt:l e4 25.lt:lf5 .if8 26.E!:xc8 Wfxc8 27.E!:c l Wfd8 28.E!:d 1 .ie6 29.lt:ld4 .id7= 2 l .E!:cl Wfe7 22.e3 .id7 23.a4 E!:a6!? 24.E!:c2 E!:g6 25.lt:le2

1 2 . . . E!:e8 1 3.lt:ldb5 lt:lb6 1 4.b3 lt:lh5 1 5 ..ic1 c6 1 6.lt:ld4 lt:l f6 1 6 ....ig4!? 1 7.h3 Wff6 1 8 ..ie3

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25 . . ..if5! This can generate some wild tactics. The more passive 25 . . . E!:d6? gave White an edge in Ulibin - Savon, Chelyabinsk 1 99 1 . a

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194

Positional Chess Sacrifices

26.lt'lf4 26.'1'9xd5? lt:lxg3! 27.E!:xc5 lt:lxfl 28.Wfxf5 lt:lxe3 29.fxe3 Wfxe3t 30.Wff2 Wfxf2t 3 1 .�xf2 E!:xg2t 32.xg2 E!:xe2t 33.f3 E!:xb2 34.E!:b5 g6 35 .E!:xb7 �g7 36.E!:b5 g5+ 26 ...E!:xg3! 27.fxg3 �xe3t 28.�h2 lt:lxg3 29.E!:f3 �xc2 30.Wfxc2 �xf4 3 1 .Ei:xf4 ltl e2 32.E!:f3 Wd6t 33.�h l ltlg3t 34.�h2=

The alternatives are worse: 1 8 .ltlc7 E!:xe4 1 9.Wfxe4 (or 1 9.ltlxa8 E!:xf4-+) 1 9 ...�f5+ 1 8.lt:lxd6 E!:d8 1 9.�h7t h8 20.ltlxf7 t Wfxf7 2 1 .Wfxd8t xh7 22.�e3 �f5 23.Wfh4 �xe3 24.fxe3 Wle6+ 1 8 ... �h8 1 9.ltlc7 �h3 20.lt:lxa8 E!:xa8 21 .�e4 �xfl 22.E!:xfl Wfxb2+

13.Ei:cl

1 8.c!Llc3 �h8?! White was threatening 1 9.�h7t �h8 20.lt:le4, but this is not a good reason for Black to lose time. Much better is: 1 8 ...Wld4 1 9.�f3 g5 20.�d2 Wle5 2 1 .E!:fel c6 22.ltld l �f5 23.e4 �g6+

8 7 6 5

19.i.g2 if5 20.e4 i.g6 2l .gfel c6 22.ie3 ixe3

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Here I was too obsessed with simplifying and missed the chance to claim a plus with 22 . . .Wle6.

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13 ... lt:lb6

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13 . . . E!:e8 is also interesting.

14."1�fd3 ges 15.c!Lle4 ltlxe4 16.Le4 Wff6 17.c!Llb5 E!:e7 Very timid. Black misses a nice combination: 17 . . .c6!

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23 ...d5?! Mter 23 . . . ltld7 Black's position is still slightly preferable.

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24.cxd5 ltlxd5 25.c!L\xd5 cxd5 26.Wfxd5 Wfxb2 27.gdl f6 28.Wfd4 Wfxd4 Slightly better than 28 . . .Wfb5 29.Ei:c3 Wfe8 30.Wlb4;!;.

Chapter 9 - The Semi-Closed Games

29J�xd4

1 95

• But White counters with an exchange sacrifice - 1 7.'1Mfd2! • Black commits hara-kiri - 1 8 . . . ttlg4?

I.ltlf3 f5 2.g3 ltlf6 3 ..ig2 g6 4.0-0 ig7 5.c4 d6 6.d4 0-0 7.�b3!? A slightly offbeat move which poses some interesting problems to the defender.

7... ltle4 The only move with a positive score in this position is 7 . . . ttlc6!?.

s.ltlc3 c6 a

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With some colourless play, Black has conceded his opponent a slight advantage. What would you play now? See the continuation of this endgame on page 355.

Dutch Defence Commenting on his fantastic game against Bogoljubow from Hastings 1 922, where he answered 1 .d4 with 1 . . . f5, Alekhine said, "A risky defence, which I very rarely used in tournaments. In this game though, I had to play at any price for a win in order to get the first prize. Therefore, I had to take a risk."

Again 8 . . . ttlc6 is more to the point.

9.e3 @bs lOJ:�dl �a5 1 1 .ltld2 ltlf6 A loss of time. Better is l l ...ttlxc3 1 2 .'1Mfxc3 '1Mfxc3 1 3.bxc3 ttld7 1 4.a4, although my preference still leans towards White.

12.�c2 e5?! Black is behind in development and doomed to lose more time with his queen. In such cases, engaging in central actions is not recommended. Instead 12 . . .ie6 is not too bad for Black.

My personal experience also tells me that all variations of the Dutch are difficult to uphold against energetic play by White. As an attempt to get an unbalanced game from the very beginning, I would recommend this defence only to very experienced players.

Mihai Suba - Daniel Rivera Kuzawka Mondariz 2000

Points to look for in this game: • Black embarks on a pawn sacrifice 1 3 . . . exd4?! 1 4.exd4 f4

White is a little better; the main plan 1 4.b4 followed by b5 and ia3.

IS

196

Positional Chess Sacrifices

13 ... exd4?! This abandoning of the centre can only be explained by Black's sacrificial follow-up.

19.h3 lllxf2 20.Y;Yxf2 g5 2I..if3 Y;Yf7 22..ixd6 Y;Yxf3 23.Lfs Y;Yxf2t 24.�xf2 J.xf8 25.ltle4 8

14.exd4 f4 15.ltlb3 Y;Yh5 Transferring the queen to the kingside must have been part of Black's scheme. Nevertheless a slight improvement is: 1 5 . . .'f3 "!Wxd2 26 ..ixc4 lt:)e5t 27.'it>g3 E!:xe3t!-+

This was a sharp tactical battle, typical of the Griinfeld Defence. White played the opening riskily, but his clever I O ..ic7! kept him in the game. Black could have gone for an equalizing line, but Botvinnik preferred to raise the stakes with the promising exchange sacrifice l l . . . E!:xd5!, which gave him a strong initiative for the material. Tolush could have kept himself in the game with 1 3."1Mfd3! or 1 4.E!:c3, but he failed to adapt to the new set of circumstances on the board - not an uncommon reaction by players confronted with an unexpected sacrifice. Most chess players are like Oscar Wilde - they can resist everything but temptation!

Mikhail Tal - Zbigniew Szymczak Lublin 1974

Points to look for in this game: • White launches his attack - 1 8 . .ih5! • A sacrifice to get to the king - 32.E!:xd6! • Finishing the game in style - 37 ..ih5!!

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23 �xa2! 24.E!:xa2 'i:Ya5t •••

Botvinnik's energetic play has yielded him a material advantage to go with his initiative. The rest is purely routine and does not require any comment.

25.E!:d2 E!:al 26.i.d3 E!:xbl t 27.Lbl l2Je5 28.�e2 'i:Yb5t 29.�d3 l2Jxd3 30Jhd3 a5 3 U�hdl 'i:Yc4 32.�f3 b5 33.Ei:d7 a4 34.E!:a7 b4 35.Ei:d8t �g7 36.E!:da8 a3 37.g3 'i:Yb5 0-1

This game holds special memories for me. It was the first tournament I played abroad and my first encounter with that genius of the board known as the Wizard from Riga. People said that Tal would wait for his opponent to get tired and short of time, and then play one of these "Tal sacrifices", half-correct as they might be. This time it did not happen that way. Tal's sacrifice was absolutely correct; indeed, it was winning almost by force. Then in the ensuing play Tal made several mistakes, but the young Polish player missed his drawing chances. This is proof that Tal did not calculate everything, and most of his sacrifices may be considered intuitive.

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

When he prepared or played a combination, Tal became very excited. Walking away from the table, he always needed to share his thoughts with somebody, even during the game. My game in the third round was decided unusually quickly, and I was available to listen to his excited confessions. Therefore, I "knew" most of the moves he played before anyone else did! The young Kasparov was of a similar ilk, but he spoke the variations so quickly that it was very difficult to follow him.

2 1 . . . lt:lxe3-+ And Black soon won.

9J3dl �g4 10.e3

l.�f3 �f6 2.c4 g6 3.�c3 d5 4.cxd5 �xd5 5.W!'a4t �d7 6.W!'b3 �b6 7.d4 �g7 8.�g5 0-0 Another approach is: 8 ... h6 9.ih4 ie6 1 0.Wfc2 lt:lc6 1 l .E!:d 1 I was trying to imitate Tal by playing this way in Suba - Mikhalchishin, Lugano 1 987, but my attempt failed miserably! 1 1 ...0-0 1 2.h3? 1 2.d5! is more critical. 1 2 ... lt:lb4 1 3.Wfb 1 f5 1 4.e3 g5 1 5.a3 lt:l4d5 1 6.ig3 f4 1 7 .ih2? c5?

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10...a5?! This move has little point. Better is 1 O . . .ixf3!? or any developing move.

l l.�e2 h6 12.�h4 a4 l3.Wfa3 E!:eS 14.h3 �e6 Black is already in some trouble, and should seriously think of setting up a passive defence with 1 4 . . .ixf3 1 5 .ixf3 c6;!;.

15.d5 �d7 16.0-0± �f8? The Polish player could not resist the temptation to line up his bishop with the white queen on the a3-f8 diagonal.

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This move was a bluff. . . 1 8 .lt:le4 ...which I believed! Taking the pawn gives White an edge: 1 8.dxc5! lt:lxc3 1 9.bxc3 ixc3t 20.lt:ld2 Wfe8 2 1 .ib5 Wff7 22.0-0;!; 1 8 . . . fxe3 1 9.lt:lxc5 if5 20.id3 Wfc8 2 l .fxe3? 2 l .E!:fl was my last chance to make a fight of it.

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20 1

Chapter 9 - The Semi-Closed Games

18..ih5! Oops! Where did that bishop come from?

18 ...gxh4 19.Lf7t �g7 20.tLle4? Tal can also make mistakes! The simple 20.Wfb4 gives White a decisive advantage. For example: 20 . . . e6 2 l .Wfe4 Wff6 22.dxe6 Ele7 (22 ... Ei:xe6 23.Wfg4t) 23.tt'lxd7 tt'l 8xd7 24.Wfg4t Wfg5 25.exd7 Wfxg4 26.hxg4+- But Misha was looking for mate.

20 ... .if5 21.tLlc5 e6

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26.V:Yd4 .ic5 27.V:Yf4 .id6! 28Jhd6 cxd6 29.tLlg4 .ixg4 30.V:Yxg4t Misha can still be reasonably happy with his position; he has two pawns for a piece, and the black king is not exactly safe. I believe that Tal always assigned considerable value to this detail.

30 ... �£8 Mter 30 ...Wfg5 3 l .Wfd4t, White wins the b6-knight.

3 U�dl

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22.dxe6 Again, White has a better option: 22 ..ixe8 Wfxe8 23.dxe6 'tt> h7 24.Wfc3 .ixc5 25.Wfxc5 tt'la6 26.Wfc3±

22...V:Yf6 23.V:Yc3 hc5 Best, as 23 . . ..id6 is met by 24.f4 Ei:e7 25.tt'lxb7 .ixe5 26.fxe5 Wl'g5 27.Ei:xf5 Wfxf5 28.tt'ld6 Wfg5 29.tt'le8t Elxe8 30 ..ixe8 with a clear advantage to White.

24..ixe8 tLla6 24 . . ..id6? allows 25.Ei:xd6! cxd6 26.Wfc7t winning.

25 ..if7 .ib4 Safest is 25 . . ..id6 26.tt'lf3 Wfxc3 27.bxc3 tt'lc5 28.tt'lxh4 with approximate equality.

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was following the game closely, and thought that White's attack was coming to an end. When Misha walked away from the board, I told him that I did not like his position anymore and he answered, "But I do!" Of course, I was wrong and Tal was right. Objectively, the position may be equal or even slightly preferable for Black, but I didn't consider the human factor, which Tal always did! It was so easy for an opponent to forget about safety and fall into one of Tal's devilish traps.

31..J�c8 3 1 . . . �e7! is a much better defence. For example: 32 . .ih5 d5 (32 ... Ei:h8 33.Ei:d4 a3 34.bxa3 E:f8 35 ..if7 tt'lc5 36.Ei:f4 WI'a I t

202

Positional Chess Sacrifices

37. 'i!t h2 �e5 38. 'i!tg l =) 33.l:!d4 �g5 34.�d l �e5 35.if3 tt:lc5 and although White has fair compensation for the piece, Black may be j ust a shade better.

32.l:!xd6!

pressure and eventually allowed a decisive combination. The final 37.ih5!! was a beautiful finishing blow, especially as it echoed the earlier bishop move with which he first launched his attack almost twenty moves before.

It looks like White has blundered a rook, but Tal has seen further.

"This brat has somefuture!"

32 l:!clt 33.�h2 �e5t 35.�g8t �e7 36.�e8t �f6 •••

34.f4 �xd6

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a

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37.i.h5!! An incredible position; a rook and a piece up, Black is helpless!

In 1 992, the big surprise of the Palma de Mallorca Open was a seventeen-year-old Bulgarian IM, who led the whole tournament until the last round. Tukmakov offered him a draw before the game, which for Topalov would have meant clear first place. I remembered that I had been in a similar situation in the last round of the GMA rapid tournament in Murcia a couple of years before, also against Tukmakov, except that a draw was not enough for me to win the tournament. I refused, and Tukmakov won the game and the tournament. On this occasion, when the boy refused such an experienced grandmaster, who outranked him by 70 points, and then went for a theoretical but risky piece sacrifice, my thoughts were. . . as expressed in the motto.

Veselin Topalov - Vladimir Tukmakov

37...�xe6

Palma de Mallorca 1 992

Nor does 37 . . . �c7 help, in view of 38.e7!.

38.�f8t 1-0 Post-game reflections In some ways this was a typical Tal game. His first 1 8 .ih5! sacrifice should have been winning almost by force, but it turned into more of a positional sacrifice after he failed to find the most incisive continuation. Later Black got right back in the game, but he failed to cope with Tal's continuous

Points to look for in this game: An interesting though unnecessary sacrifice - l l .ixf7t!? • Exchanging the right pieces - 1 5.ic l ! in the notes • Black takes over - 1 5 . . .ig4! •

l .d4 �f6 2.c4 g6 3.tt:lc3 d5 4.cxd5 �xd5 5.e4 �xc3 6.bxc3 i.g7 7.i.c4 0-0 8.�e2 �c6 9.0-0 e5 lO.i.a3 l:!e8

203

Chapter 9 - The Semi-Closed Games

to upset the coordinated play of the opponent's two bishops, and when material down this becomes quite essential! Furthermore, how else can White make use of Black's weakened dark squares? Play may continue: 1 5 ...j,xc l 1 6.�axc l � ltla5 1 7.Wf7t 'it>h6 1 8.h4 We? 1 9.Wf4t 'it>g7 20.h5 gxh5 2 l .e6 j,xe6 22.We5t \i!g8 23."Wxa5 j,c4 24.�f2 b5 25.ltlf4 with a level game.

1 5....tg4! a

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l l.Lf'7t!? The sacrifice on f7 is a curious weakness of Topalov's. In this book alone there are three of them. Most players would prefer l l .d5 ltla5 1 2 .j,d3 with a small plus for White.

Now White is in real trouble, as if he moves his knight then . . . lt:lxd4! will be crushing.

16J�f7t �h8 17.'i:Vxb7 tbxe5 This is the simplest way to avoid problems, bur objectively 1 7 .. .'it>g8! is even stronger.

18J�xc7 tLld7 19 ..td6

l l ...�xf7 12.'i:Vb3t �f6 13.f4 .th6 14.fxe5t �g7

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19 .. Jk8?! a

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15J�f6? An uninspired move. The rook may look nice being close to the black king, but in reality it is doing nothing. The right plan was 1 5 .j,c l ! . It is always useful

After 1 9 ... �b8 Black wins immediately, for example: 20.Wxa7 �b2 2 I .lt:l f4 Wh4 22.d5 �xe4 23.�fl �b l-+

20.�g3 �hc7 21.hc7 Y:Vg5 22.h3 'i:Ve3t 23.�h2 'i:Vxc3 24JU1 .te6 25.d5 .tgs 26..tf4 h£4 27,gxf4 tLlf6 28.'i:Va6 �g7 29.'i:Vxa7t .tf7 30.tbe2 'i:Ve5 3l.�gl �e7 32.'i:Vd4 'i:Vxd4t 33.�xd4 �xe4 0-1

204

Positional Chess Sacrifices

In my database it says 33 . . . liJxe4 0- 1 , but since that move would lose immediately to 34.liJe6t, I reckon that it was actually the rook that captured.

Post-game reflections Every now and again in this book, I have included a game, such as the above, to remind the reader (and myselfl) that not every colourful intuitive sacrifice will end happily. There is much to admire about the young Topalov's combative attitude. His decision to refuse a draw and play ultra-aggressively may have cost him first prize in that one particular tournament, but it was that same fighting spirit that brought him one of the most monumental tournament performances of all time when he won the World Championship in San Luis 2005. As for the game itself, it highlighted the need to follow up a sacrifice vigorously, as after White's error on move 1 5 the game became largely one-sided.

Teimour Radjabov - Alexei Shirov Kings Tournament, Bazna 2009

5 c5 6.cxd5 c!Llxc3 7.bxc3 �xd5 8.e3 i.g7 9.c!Llf3 c!Llc6 IO.i.e2 cxd4 l l .cxd4 ••.

8 7 6 5 4 3 2

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l l. e5 •.

Shirov is playing a line with a dubious reputation. More frequently played is 1 1 ...0-0 1 2.0-0 e5 1 3.dxe5 '®a5 , still with a slight advantage for White.

12.dxe5 �a5t 13.�d2 YNxd2t 14.�xd2 �xe5 15.l'i:abl! 0-0 16.c!Lld4

Points to look for in this game: •

•

•

Black gets himself into trouble 1 6 . . . liJd7? and 1 7 ....ixd4?! A strong exchange sacrifice - 22.l'i:b5! and 23.d5! White misses his chances - 25.e7! and 30.l'i:b2! in the notes

I .d4 �f6 2.c4 g6 3.�c3 d5 4.i.g5 c!Lle4 5.i.h4 The once popular line 5.cxd5 lLlxg5 6.h4 gives White nothing but problems after 6... liJe4! 7.liJxe4 '®xd5 8.liJc3 '®a5 when Black has an active position plus the two bishops.

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16 c!Lld7? •••

A dubious novelty in an already inferior position.

205

Chapter 9 - The Semi-Closed Games Most natural seems l 6 . . . ltk6 1 7.lthc6 bxc6 1 8.:ghc l �e6 1 9.�c4 :gfe8 20.:gb7 a5, reaching a slightly worse position which Beliavsky has managed to draw twice.

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17.:ghd h.d4

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Giving up this bishop is not something to take lightly, but it is already difficult to suggest anything fully satisfactory for Black.

18.exd4 �b6 This was Shirov's idea - the knight is headed for d5.

8 6 4 3 2 1

������--���

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22J�b5!

19..if3 .ie6 20.a4!? Not bad, but the simple 20.�xb7 :gab8 2 1 .�c6 �xa2 22.:gal �e6 23.:gxa7 :gfc8 24.�g3 lt:l c4t 25.\t>e l :gb4 26.d5 leaves White a clear pawn up.

This move, which implies an exchange sacrifice, is more appetizing than 22.d5 �d7 23.:gb4 :gfc8 24.�f6 b6 25.�e2, although here too White has an advantage.

22...tl::J b3 23.d5!

20...�c4t Perhaps 20 . . . f6 2 l .�xb7 :gad8 22.:gb4 :gf7 23.�a6 lLld5 24.:gb7 :gd6 25 .:gxf7 �xf7 gives more drawing chances.

Technically this is the moment where the sacrifice takes place, but Radjabov had certainly planned it on the previous move, as there is no other logical idea for White.

23 ... �xd 24.dxe6 :gac8! Remarkable cold-bloodedness by Shirov, and indeed the only chance to defend. 8 7 6 5 4 a

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2l.�dl!

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Not 2 1 .\t>e l :gfe8, when Black wins an important tempo.

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206

Positional Chess Sacrifices

This move throws away most of White's advantage. It should be noted that both contenders were already short of time, especially Black. White should play: 25.e7! :B:fe8 26.:B:xb7 Wg7 27.Wd2 tLla2 28.a5 f6 29.:B:xa7 tLlb4 30.:B:b7 :B:c4 3 1 .�g3 Wf7 32.�d6! :B:d4t 33.Wc3 :B:xd6 34.Wxb4 :B:xe7 35.Wb5 and the a-pawn will cost Black a rook.

Post-game reflections Despite the early queen exchange, White had no intention of agreeing a quick draw, and Black never came close to equalizing from the opening. White's exchange sacrifice put him firmly in control, until his subsequent errors spoiled the win. Time trouble played a role, and it seems that the difficult psychological process of choosing between more than one promising continuation took its toll on Radjabov.

25 .. J�c4 26.i.e7 fXe6 26 ... tLla2! is probably better, for example: 27.Wd2 fxe6 28.�xf8 i>xf8 29.a5 i>e? 30.if3 :B:b4 3 1 .:B:b7t :B:xb7 32.ixb7 i>d6 and it should end in a draw.

27.Lffi 'it>xf8 28.i.f.3 gc7 29.'it>d2 �a2 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 a

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King's Indian Defence The variations of this opening are so numerous and different in character that is difficult to group them under a single heading; at least two subdivisions must be made. In variations with an open centre, Black makes up for his lack of space with strong piece pressure, the Indian bishop generally playing a very important role. It is usual to involve the wing pawns in the fight. The a-pawn advances to secure the knight's position on c5, and/or to open the a-file. The h-pawn may also march forward to weaken the white king position. In variations where the centre is blocked, the qualitative majorities of both sides will advance, leading to a real race between attacks. I will offer the reader an example of a thematic positional game from each of these two broad categories.

30.gb3? Missing 30.:B:b2 :B:d?t 3 1 .i>e3 tLlc3 32.:B:c2 :B:c7? (32 . . . tLld5t is essential although after 33.ixd5 Black faces a difficult endgame after either recapture) 33.Wd3 tLld5 34.ixd5 :B:xc2 35 .i>xc2 exd5 36.i>d3 i>e? 37.i>d4 We6 38.f4 and White wins the pawn endgame.

Vladimir Tukmakov - Leonid Yurtaev USSR Championship (semi-final) , Riga 1 988

Points to look for in this game: •

30 ... 'it>e7 3 l .a5 'it>d6 32.a6 'it>c5 33.gb7 'it>d6 34.gb3 'it>c5 35.gb7 'it>d6 36.J.g4 e5 37.J.e6 1/z-lfz

• •

Move order subtleties - 1 7 . . . h4! and 1 9.e5! in the notes An intuitive piece sacrifice - 2 l . ..h4! A modest but deadly queen move 25 ...�f5!

207

Chapter 9 - The Semi-Closed Games The player of the black pieces died at a relatively young age in 20 1 1 . Mikhail Golubev wrote in Chess Today: "Leonid Yurtaev was an exceptionally gifted tactician who defeated many world-famous players in individual games such as Tal, Ivanchuk, Morozevich, the very young Kasparov and Aronian. He developed many special lines in the openings."

l.d4 lbf6 2.c4 g6 3.tlJf3 .ig7 4.g3 0-0 5..ig2 d6 6.0-0 lbbd7 7.lbc3 e5 8.e4 exd4 9.tlJxd4 l'!e8 10.h3 tlJc5 1 U�e1 A standard position in the King's Indian. 8

This position first arose in Smyslov Ciocaltea, Bucharest 1 9 53. The reader is invited to check for himself what happens if White now takes on d6. b) 1 2.l'!b 1 lLlfd7 1 3 .�e3 lLl e5 1 4.'1Mfe2 c6 1 5 .l'!bd 1 Wfb6?! 1 6.f4 tt:led7 1 7 .'1Mfc2 ( 1 7.lLl b3!) 17 . . . a4 1 8.�f2 Wfb4 1 9.�fl tt:lb6 20.\Mfcl lLlxc4?! (20 . . .'1Mfa5) 2 l .a3 '1Mfxb2 22.�xc4 'IMfxc l 23.l'!xcl �xh3 24.1':kd1 Yz-Yz Tukmakov Suba, Decin 1 977. c) 1 2.lLldb5! is the most effective option, keeping an edge for White.

12.l'!bl!? h6

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"In Aseev - Yurtaev, Barnaul 1 988, Leonid introduced his famous idea 1 2 . . .\Mfc8 1 3.';f;lh2 l'!e5, preparing . . . l'!h5." - Golubev.

6 5 4

13.cjjh2?! It is not evident that the king is any better placed here than on g l . White should prefer 1 3.lLlb3 or 1 3.b3.

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1 1 ....id7

Most common is 1 l . . .a5, when White may continue:

13...a5 14.£4 Preparing a breakthrough in the centre to activate his light-squared bishop.

14...a4 15.b4 axb3 16.axb3 h5 17.i.b2

a) 1 2.'1Mfc2 c6 1 3.�e3 a4 1 4.l'!ad 1 tt:l fd7 1 5.lLl de2 '1Mfa5!=

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208

Positional Chess Sacrifices

17 ... c6?! The accurate choice of move order is one of my favourite themes, be it in the opening, a middlegame plan or a complex combination. Black would have been better playing 1 7. . . h4! 1 8.g4, and only then 1 8 ... c6. The difference here is that if White continues 1 9.b4 lt:la6 20.e5 dxe5 2 l .fxe5, as in the note to White's 1 9th move below, then Black has the reply 2 1 . . .'\Mfc?! which gives him a good game.

26.Wgl lt:ld3 27.Wxf2 gxf2 28 ..ic3 c5 29.lLlf3 .ie6 30 ..ixg7 '>!ixg7 3 I ..ifl =

8 7 6 5 4 3 2

18.b4! llJa6 1 8 . . . lLle6 1 9.lt:lf3! is good for White.

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19.b5?! Now it is White who gets confused by matters of move order. The correct way is: 1 9.e5! dxe5 20.fxe5 ltJ h7 2 I .b5;!;

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21. ..h4! An inspired piece sacrifice, based on Black's domination over all the dark squares on the kingside. Black's pieces are also cooperating well, whilst White's queenside pieces, apart from protecting each other, cannot help much with the defence of their king.

22.exf6?!

6

White would have been better off rejecting the gift by 22.bxc6 hxg3t 23.gi with good drawing chances. For example: 23 . . . bxc6 24.lt:lxc6 .ixc6 25.Wxd8 !!axd8 26 ..ixc6 lt:lfd7 27.lt:le4 lt:lxe5 28 ..ixe8 lt:l f3t 29.'>!ih l lLlxe l 30 ..ixf7t '>!ixf7 3 I .lt:Jg5t=

5 4 3 2 1

22...hxg3t 23.i>hl a

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23.'it>xg3?! !!xe l 24.Wxe1 .ixf6 is losing outright for White, for instance:

20.e5? Yet again the move order betrays Vladimir. White could still claim an edge with 20.bxc6! bxc6, and then 2 l .e5 dxe5 22.lLlxc6;!;.

20...dxe5 21.fxe5?! It is safer to exchange rooks with 2 1 .l'!xe5 !!xe5 22.fxe5 and now 22 ... h4!? is less harmful: 23.exf6 hxg3t 24.'>!ihl Wxf6 25.lt:lce2 Wf2

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Chapter 9 - The Semi-Closed Games 25.Wfe3 Wfc7t 26.'it>f2 l'!e8 27.Wfd2 i.xh3! 28.i.xh3 Wfh2t 29.i.g2 Wfh4t 30.@f1 i.xd4-+

23 . .Wfxf6 .

Black has launched a dangerous assault. It is not clear how White can avoid losing material.

209

26... l'!e3 White's last move covered the sensitive d3-square but allowed a deadly fork, so with nothing more to play for, he resigned.

0-1 Post-game reflections

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24J�xe8t l'!xeS 25.c!Llf3? More resistance is offered by: 25 .bxc6 bxc6 26.i.a3 Wff2 27.i.xc5 i.xh3 28.Wfgl i.xg2t 29.Wfxg2 i.xd4 30.i.xd4 Wfxd4 3 1 .tLle2 Wfh4t 32.@gl l'!e3 33.l'!fl g5! Controlling the f4square. 34.l'!d l (34.l'!f3 Wfh2t-+) 34 . . . c5 35.tLlcl Wfxc4 Even here, Black has a clear advantage.

25 . Wff5! .

Apart from the obvious points regarding the counterattacking potential and dark-square strategy associated with the King's Indian, I found the move order subtleties between moves 1 7-20 an especially fascinating aspect of this game. The events of these few moves constituted the most critical moments of the battle. First Black made the mistake of holding back from the accurate 17 ... h4!, but White missed two chances to seize the advantage. His punishment was swift and quite deserved, as the subsequent 2 1 ... h4! came with even greater force, and the game was over in j ust five more moves.

Boris Gelfand - Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu Kings Tournament, Bazna 2009

Points to look for in this game: •

.

Black's attack has been focused almost entirely on the dark squares, but now for a brief moment he switches his attention to a light square, d3, which will then act as a lethal springboard for the knight to hit the dark­ square targets of b2 and f2.

26.i.fl 26.tLle2 cannot save the game either: 26 ...l'!xe2! 27.i.xg7 tLld3! 28.Wfxe2 tLlf2t 29.\t>gl Wfxb l t 30.Wffl Wfxfl t 3 I .i.xfl @xg7 32.tLle5 i.xh3 33.bxc6 bxc6 34.i.xh3 tLlxh3t 35 .@g2 tLl g5 36.tLlxc6 tLle4-+

•

•

An important intermezzo - 1 4 ... e3! in the note to move 1 0 An outstanding positional sacrifice 2 1 ...tLlxe4!! Black misses the best follow-up 26 ... tLlxg2! in the notes

l.d4 d6 2.g2 �gl t 34.\t>xh3 �g4#) 3 1 ...ltlf4t 32.\t>gl (32.\t>h l ? i.f3t-+) 30 ... ltl h3t= 30 . . . ltl h3t 3 l .'it>g2 3 1 .\t>h l exd4 32.�g2 ltlg5 33.i.c l i.e? with compensation for the exchange. 3 1 . . .tt:lf4t 32.\t>h l �h3 33.�f2 �xa3 34.tt:le6 i.h6 Again, Black has adequate compensation for the exchange. In all the variations given above (and many others I analysed) , my personal impression is that the only player who risks losing is White.

27.Ld6 B:f7 28.�fl �ds 29..ic5 .if8 30.B:fl �h4 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

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This is too late; White now has no problems defending. a

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27.E!:xf8t i.xf8 28.�c2 tt:lf4 29.E!:fl �h4! 29 ...�xa8 30.i.cl �a7t 3 1 .\t>h l �a6 32.�f2 i.h6 33.i.xf4 exf4 34.�g2 and White is better. 30.tt:ld4 30.E!:xf4 exf4 3 l .i.b4 �h3 32.ltld4 �e3t 33.�f2 �xe4 34.ltlc7 i.g7 35.ltlcb5 i.h3 and Black has sufficient compensation for the piece.

3I.� b1!� �2 32.B:xf7 �g3t 33.�gl .ixc5t 34.� Jc5 �e2t 35.�xe2 he2 36.B:fl

The price paid for the white queen has been too high.

1-0 Post-game reflections In this game we saw two outstanding players crossing swords over a complex and fashionable

Chapter 9 - The Semi-Closed Games opening variation. It looked as though White was gradually imposing his positional strategy, but after an inspired intuitive sacrifice on move 2 1 , Black took over the initiative, shattering the shell around White's king and immersing the board in a cauldron of tactics. Gelfand showed tremendous resolve in finding the best defensive moves, and unfortunately for Nisipeanu, who may have been psychologically handicapped by being a whole rook down, he faltered near the end. The harsh realiry1 of chess is that sometimes it is not en9ugh)o find a fantastic idea - you must also follow it up with extreme precision and vigour.

213

Chapter 10

The Modern Benoni This defence is specially cherished by the author, as it also was by Tal, Kapengut, Psakhis and even Fischer. In his comments for Chess Base, G M Stohl calls me "the great Benoni devotee" and for many Spanish players I am "Father Benoni". In this opening, Black cannot afford to hand the initiative to his opponent; therefore, he must oftentimes forget the nominal value of a pawn or the disparity between a rook and a minor piece. 7here are two types ofsacrifices, the correct ones and mine - Mikhail Tal

Vladimir Tukmakov - Mikhail Tal USSR Championship, Moscow 1 969

Points to look for in this game: • A dynamic piece sacrifice - 1 6 . . .f5! 1 7.exf5 �xf5! • Mixing in play on the queenside - 1 9 ... b5! • White collapses under pressure - 26.E:fc 1 ? and 27.b3?

l.d4 �f6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.�c3 exdS S.cxdS d6 6.e4 g6 7.�f3 �g7 8.�e2 0-0 9.0-0

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a

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9...E:e8 This is the classical way to play this position, but nowadays 9 . . . a6 1 0.a4 �g4 is preferred. Exchan_ging one minor piece, especially his light-scfuared bishop for a knight that might be en route to c4, is a big success for Black in the Modern Benoni. For more details about this variation, see the game Lputian - Suba on page 222.

IO.�d2! With a more refined move order in the opening, White can almost force this position, denying Black the better option mentioned in the previous note.

215

Chapter 1 0 - The Modern Benoni

IO... tflbd7 l l.f3

16 ...£5! 17.exf5 .ix£5!

A solid approach. More aggressive is: 1 1 .f4 c4 1 2.'i:t>h 1 tflc5 1 3.e5 dxe5 1 4.fxe5 :B:xe5 1 5.lLlxc4 :B:f5 1 6 ..if3 b6!

17 ... gxf5 is playable, but the more dynamic text move is much more in Tal's style. It also involves the sacrifice of a piece, which would have demanded a balance of calculation and intuition.

18.g4 White should accept the challenge, otherwise Black will have a beautiful position at no material cost.

18...tflxc4 There were two other interesting possibilities: b

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Black has enough counterplay. At this point it becomes clear why Black abstained from including the moves . . . a6, a2-a4; with the bishop unable go to a6, the position would be quite bad for Black.

l l. ..a6 12.a4 Y;!lc7 13.Y;!tb3 This move is curious, to say the least.

1 8 . . . lLlxg4!? 1 9.fxg4 :B:xe2 20.Y;!ff3 .id4t 2 l ..ie3 .id3 22 ..ixd4 .ixc4 23 .gxh5 cxd4 24.:B:cl :B:e5 25."\@'f6 Y;!fd?! This will result in a drawn double rook ending! The black knight can also make a most surprising retreat: 1 8 . . . lLlc6!?

After 1 3.lLlc4 lLl b6 14.ltJ e3 .id7 1 5.a5 lLlc8 Griffiths - Miles, Birmingham 1 972, White can keep an edge with: 1 6.'i:t>h l ! lLlh5 1 7 .lLlc4 b5 1 8.axb6 lLlxb6 1 9.g4 lLlxc4 20 ..ixc4 lLlf6 2 l .:B:xa6;!;

13 ... tfle5 14.a5 :B:b8 15.tfldl tflh5 16.tflc4 a

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1 9.dxc6 1 9 .Y;!fb6? Y;!lxb6 20.lLlxb6 lLld4 2 l ..ic4 lLlxf3t! 22.:B:xf3 .ixg4 23.:B:fl .ih3t 1 9 . . . :B:xe2 White is unable to do much damage with the discovered check. 20.lLlce3t d5! Decoying the queen. 2 l .Y;!Ixd5t 'it>h8 22.f4 a

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216

Positional Chess Sacrifices

2I. ...id4t 22.mg2

22.lt:lg2? .id4t is strong. 22 ... lt:lxf4 23.'1Mff3 .ie4 24.'1Mfxf4

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Even worse is 22.Wh l Wfe7 23.gxf5 Wfh4 24.Wfa4 l%bb8, when White is a piece up but his forces are severely disorganized. Black's advantage is probably decisive.

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24 . . ..id4! 25.l%f2 25.'1Mfxc7?? l%g2t 26.h 1 l%g3t is mating. 25 . . .'1Mfxf4 26.l%xf4 .ixc6 27.l%f2 l%e 1 t 28.l%fl l%e2 29.l%f2= Neither side can avoid the move repetition.

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22...'1Mfg7!?

19.hc4

Black has a strong alternative in 22 . . . -icS! and if23.gxh5 gxh5 then the attack is tremendous. This is quite typical for the Benoni, when most white pieces have been attracted to the queenside for "strategic reasons".

8 7 6

23.tilc3 i.d7

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Again, Black could play 23 . . .-icS, and after 24.�d2 Wff6 25.Whl lt:lf4 I think anybody would prefer to have the black pieces.

4 3 2

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After 24.lt:le2! the best Black can do Is: 24 . . . l%xe2t 2 Wfe7 26.�xa6

19... b5! Tal finds the perfect moment to open the queenside and bring his other rook into play.

20.axb6 gxb6 21 .Wfa2 21 .'1Mfa3!? would have given White the possibility of defending along the third rank, although 2 I . . ..id4t 22.Whl W/e7 23.gxh5 .ih3 still gives Black a dangerous initiative. a

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217

Chapter 1 0 - The Modern Benoni 2 6. . ..ixg4! 27.fxg4 Wfe4t 28.'it>h3 29 ..ixb2 Wfe3t with perpetual check.

E!:xb2

24 E!:eb8 •••

This move gives Black a favourable position, but he could have obtained a more significant advantage with 24 . . .Wff6!, aiming to bring the knight to f4.

27.tt:'lxd4! E!:xa2 28.E!:xb8t tt:'le8 29 ..ixa2 Wfxd4 30 ..ig5 .ib5 3 l .E!:f2 �f8 32 . .ih6t �f7 33.E!:b7t and White has excellent chances to draw.

26 ...\Mf£7 Oddly, Misha did not play 26 ... tt:'lxg4! 27.fxg4 .ixg4-+, leaving the white king at his mercy.

25J�abl c!L!f6 27.b3? 27.tt:'le2 is a better defence, but Tal is already comfortably in the driving seat. 8 7 6 5 4 3 a

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26.E!:fcl? Abandoning the king, which now has to confront the black army alone. This is a blunder which should lose immediately.

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27... c!L!xg4! White will not be given another chance.

Moreover, White misses a never-to-be­ repeated bargain - the opportunity to trade his pathetically out-of-play queen for two rooks by: 26.tt'le2! E!:xb2 8

28.c!L!e4 c!L!e5 White resigned without bothering to check out 29 ..ie2 .ib5 30 ..ih6 .id3, when Black's advantage is crushing.

0-1

7

Post-game reflections

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Looking at this game, it is easy to see why Tal was one of the most fearsome Benoni players in all of chess history. The Modern Benoni is positively brimming with dynamic potential, and once the pawn break 16 ... f5! appeared on the board, Black's whole position sprang to life,

218

Positional Chess Sacrifices

helped by the subsequent I9 . . . b5!. It is hard to guess the extent to which Tal was relying on calculation versus intuition, but it is obvious that both these skills must be developed to a high level by anyone wishing to emulate this sryle of playing.

Let's take a look at the alternatives: I O.�f4 appears the most active move, but such activiry probably offers nothing, for example: I O . . . lt:lc7 I l .a4 �e8 I 2.tt'ld2 lt:lh5 I 3.�e3 b6 1 4.tt'lc4 �a6 I 5 .lt:la3 1Mfd7 I 6.Wc2 �e7 I 7 .�fe I �ae8

jamais deux sans trois - old French adage

Nathan Bimboim - Mihai Suba Malra Olympiad 1 980

Points to look for in this game: Instigating favourable tactics - I 1 .tt'ld2 tt'lc7 1 2.tt'lc4 b5! in the notes • White misses a promising continuation ­ I 5 .�f4! in the notes • An intuitive exchange sacrifice ­ I 5 .. .l'he4! •

The aforementioned motto of this game means "never rwo without three" and may apply to some life events (such as marriage, for example) , but not to the exchange sacrifice in a single game, for obvious reasons. Nevertheless, the idea that a material concession may imply further material concessions, in order to sustain the initial one, should be present in the minds of all players who venture into such risky business. Hopefully, the balance of dynamic assets has been severely upset by the first sacrifice and the law of conservation will not function for some time.

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White is gradually being hamstrung. I 8.�f3 tt'lf6 I 9.�f4 h6 20.�adi g5 2 l .�c l lt:lg4 22.b3 lt:le5 23.�g2 f5 24.�b2 g4 25.Wb i h5 26.lt:lc2 h4 27.lt:le3 �f8 28.lt:lfl We8 Due to Black's striking superioriry, White could only await the coup de grace in Birnboim - Suba, Beersheba I 986. The best option for White seems to be I O.lt:ld2. For example: I O ... lt:lc7 I l .tt'lc4 lt:l fe8 (Topalov prefers 1 1 . . .lt:lh5!?) 1 2.a4 b6 1 3.�d2 �a6 I 4.bJJ5 I 5 .Wc l Wd7 I 6.�h6 �xh6 I 7.Wxh6 lt:lf6 aq d the position looks equal, although Black went on to win in Haba - Bacrot, Germany 2009.

l.d4 c!Llf6 2.c4 e6 3.g3 c5 4.d5 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6. .!Llc3 g6 7.i.g2 i.g7 s .!Lla 0-0 9.0-0 c!Lla6 IO.h3?! .

This move, a favourite of Korchnoi's, is easy to understand: White prepares I I .e4 without having to reckon with I I ...�g4. Its drawback is the loss of time and the weakening of the structure around the white king, as you will see in the note to White's I I th move. a

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219

Chapter 1 0 - The Modern Benoni

IO..J'&e8! The popularity of 1 O.h3 decreased drastically when this logical answer became popular. What is curious is that Korchnoi still attached an exclamation mark to 1 O.h3 in one of his latest books. One of Korchnoi's many crushing victories against Tal continued: 1 O... ltk7?! 1 1 .e4 ltJd7 1 2.E!:e 1 ltJ e8 1 3.�g5 �f6 14.�e3 E!:b8 1 5.a4 a6 1 6.�fl Wle7 17.ltJd2 ltJc7 1 8.f4 b5 1 9.e5 dxe5 20.4Jde4 Wld8 2 1 .4J xf6t ltJxf6 22.d6 ltJ e6 23.fxe5 with an obvious advantage for White, Korchnoi - Tal, USSR Championship 1 962.

and so preferred 1 8.�f3!, which allowed him to resist for 6 1 moves. However, giving back the exchange, with the d6-pawn practically lost and an unhealthy kingside pawn structure, is clearly not an opening success for the first player. 1 8 . . .�xg2 1 9 .'i> xg2 Wlc6t 20.It>g1 b4 2 1 .4Ja4 Wid? Also good are 2 1 ...�f8 or 2 1 . ..c4. 22.e3 Wih3 23.d7 E!:d8 24.f3 Wlg3t 25.h 1 E!:xd7 26.Wle2 E!:d5 Black soon won in Kiss - Lazarev, Austria 1 994.

1 I. . .ti�e4 12.tLlxe4 E:xe4 13.�g5 Y!Yc7!?

l l.E:el The strength of Black's 1 Oth move is based on the continuation: 1 l .ltJd2 ltJc7 1 2.ltJc4 b5! 1 3.4Jxd6 If White does not sacrifice the knight, his prospects are also dim. For example: 1 3.4Ja5 b4 1 4 .ltJa4 ltJcxd5 1 5 .ltJc6 Wlc7 1 6.�xd5 ltJxd5 1 7.Wlxd5 �b7 and Black regains his piece, with a winning advantage. 1 3 ...Wlxd6 1 4.iJ4 Wlb6 1 5.d6 ltJ e6 1 6.�xa8 ltJxf4 1 7.gxf4 �xh3 Black's attack is too strong, as shown by the following lines.

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1 8.�g2 In Kaidanov - 0. Foisor, Moscow 1 987, the Romanian player was following my analysis and playing quickly. White smelled a rat,

Today I would go for the much safer 1 3 . . .'1M'f8, while 13 . . .Wla5 also deserves attention.

14.tlJd2 E:e8 15.tLle4?! A better try is 1 5.�f4! E!:d8 1 6.Wlc l E!:b8 1 7.ltJe4 f5 1 8.ltJg5 h6 1 9.ltJe6 �xe6 20.dxe6 g5 2 1 .�d2 Wle7 22.�d5 ltJc7 23.e4 E!:f8 24.Wlc2 fxe4 25 .�xe4 �e5 26.E!:ad 1 :1%f6 27.�e3 ltJxe6 28.�d5 and White has definite compensation for the pawn.

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15 E:xe4! ..•

The programs do not like true sacrifices as much as humans. They suggest 1 5 ... �xh3 1 6.4Jf6t �xf6 1 7.�xf6

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WeB 1 8 .i.h l lt:lb8 1 9.i.c3 lt:ld7, but then ... they quickly switch which side they prefer!

In the following game, the "leak" took the form of an oversight in Big Vik's home laboratory.

16.i.xe4 hb2 17.l:'!:bl .ig7 18.h4 .id7 19.�cl c4 20.h5 :!:'!:e8 2l .ic2 b5 22..ih6 ie5 23.if4

Viktor Korchnoi - Mihai Suba Beersheba 1984

Points to look for in this game:

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• Improving on Black's opening - 8 . . . b5! in the notes • A bad decision by White - l l .i.xd6? • A remarkable retreat - 1 3 ...i.c8!!

6 5 4

l.d4 ttlf6 2.c4 e6 3.ttlf3 c5 4.d5 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.ttlc3 g6 7.if4 a6 8.e4 ig7?

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23 ig7 •.•

Stronger was 23 ...'1Mfc5! 24.e4 lt:lb4 25.i.e3 lt:lxa2+.

24.�a3 Of course, I was just testing my opponent and would not have repeated three times, which is yet another counter-example to the French saying. Surprisingly, it is White who avoids the repetition, relying on his kingside attack; a risky decision, looking at the mass of black pawns on the queenside. The problem of making use of folk wisdom (for example, "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush") is knowing what parts of it apply, and when!

24 ttlc5 25.�f3 a5 26.h6 .ih8 •••

The opening phase of the game is over; for further adventures in the middlegame go to page 335. A small leak will sink a great ship - Benjamin

Franklin

Although this brought me success in the present game, there is no doubt that 8 . . . b5! is a better move. See my game against Mihailovs at the end of the chapter on page 227.

9.'1Mfa4t .id7 10.�b3 �c7 Psakhis considers the position after 1 0 . . .'1Mfe7 1 1 .'1Mfxb7 lt:lxe4 1 2.lt:\xe4 '1Mfxe4t 1 3 .i.e3 '\Mfb4t as equal, based on a game he drew. But the general opinion is that the resulting position favours White. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 a

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l l .ixd6? •

A sham piece sacrifice, deflecting the queen from the defence of b7; White will then pick

Chapter 1 0 - The Modern Benoni up the a8-rook. It is odd that a player who was so nearly World Champion goes chasing material before castling. Better is 1 1 .e5!t.

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15.j,xa6?!

l l ...�xd6 12.�xb7 0-0 13.e5

Insuring the queen against being trapped, but ... equivalent to resigning. The reader is invited to analyse the more critical tries, 1 5.exf6 Wfxb2 and 1 5 .0-0-0 j,b?.

This looks much stronger than 1 3.�xa8 �b6, when Black has a powerful attack.

15 ....!xa6 16.0-0-0 lll g4

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13 ....!c8!! After this extraordinary move, Black is better in all variations. Of course I wasn't sure of that when I played 1 0 . . .Wfc7 and allowed 1 I .j,xd6. I was just seduced by the many delightful possibilities arising for Black after the text move.

14.Wfxa8 �b6! This is the point. 8 7

White's position is lost. In addition to two pieces for a rook, Black also has a tremendous attack. I won't comment on the remainder of the game, as it was fully analysed in my book Dynamic Chess Strategy.

17.d6 lll xe5 18.lll xe5 j,xe5 19.�£3 lild7 20J'td2 �b8 2 1 .�e1 .!b7 22.�e3 j,d4 23.�g3 lilf6 24J:'te7 .!cS 25.lll a4 Wfb5 26.�b3 �xb3 27.axb3 .!e6 28J'tc7 lll e4 29.�e2 lilxd6 30.lll xc5 lilf5 3l.�d2 .ixc5 0-1 Post-game reflections

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In this game Black found success by giving up a rook and two pawns for a mere bishop, in return for a big lead in development and decoying the white queen into the corner. The remaining black pieces had a devastating charge of potential energy ready to turn into kinetic energy, and even "Viktor the Terrible" could not find a way out of the mess.

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

Smbat Lputian Mihai Suba -

European Team Championship, Debrecen 1 992

Points to look for in this game: • Slightly overambitious play from Black 1 9 . . .Wh4?! • An interesting pawn sacrifice - 22 ... f5!? • White misses rhe best defence - 28.ie3! in rhe notes

I.d4 tL!f6 2.c4 e6 3.tLlf3 c5 4.d5 d6 5.tLlc3 exd5 6.cxd5 g6 7.e4 a6 8.a4 .ig4 9..ie2 .ig7 10.0-0 1 0.ltld2 ixe2 1 1 .Wxe2 tt:lbd7 1 2.0-0 0-0 transposes ro rhe game.

10 ...0-0 1 1 .tLld2 .ixe2 12.YMxe2 tLlbd7 13.tLlc4 tLlb6

Even worse is 1 5 . . . ltlxa4? 1 6.YMxa4 b5 1 7 .Wc2 b4, and now rhe strong pawn sacrifice 1 8.ltlc4! bxc3 1 9.f3 cxb2 20.ixb2 gives White excellent positional compensation. Probably Black should opt for the modest 1 5 . . .We7 and fight for a draw. For example: 1 6.f3 tt:lfd7 1 7.a5 tt:lc8 1 8.tt:lc4 ltle5 1 9.ltlxe5 ixe5 20.ie3 ltla7 2 1 .ltla4 �ad8 22.ltlb6 ltlb5 23.ltlc4 f5! 24.exf5 gxf5 25.�ae 1 (25 .Wxf5 ixb2=) 25 . . .YMf7 with approximately equality.

16.a5 Mter 1 6.g4?! tt:lf6 1 7.h3 h5 the white king's shield becomes fragile.

16 ... tLld7 17.tLlc4 tLle5 18.tLlb6 �b8 19.�a3 YMh4?! The temptation ro arrack the king can hardly be resisted. Black wants to prove how ineffective rhe knight is on b6. Bur White is well situated for defending rhe kingside without any help from that knight. Again, 1 9 . . .YMe7 is more advisable.

20.tLle2! �bd8 21.£3 �e7 22 ..ie3

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14.tLla3 1 4.ltle3 is a slight improvement although Black should still be okay after 1 4 . . .YMe7, for instance 1 5.a5 tt:lbd7 1 6.tt:lc4 ltl e5 1 7.ltlb6 �ae8 1 8 .ie3 tt:lfd7 1 9.f4 tt:lxb6 20.£Xe5 tt:ld7 2 1 .exd6 Wxd6 22.if4 ie5 with equality.

14...�e8 15.YMc2 tLlh5?! Preventing if4 bur placing rhe knight far from the centre of action.

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22 ... f5 !? A best-chance sacrifice; Black gives up a pawn ro activate his rooks.

23.exf5 �deS 24.if2 YMf6 25.fxg6 tLlxg6,

223

Chapter 1 0 - The Modern Benoni

26.tll c3 tll gf4 27.tll e4 '!Wg6 28..ih4?!

Evgeny Gleizerov - Mihai Suba

This leads to some difficulties and will require White's subsequent play to be precise.

Mondariz 2000

Points to look for in this game:

28 . .ig3?? .id4t-+ is much worse. 28.g3? is also insufficient: 28 ... tll h 3t 29.'it>g2 ltJg5 30.ltJc4 ltJxe4 3 l . fxe4 tll f4t 32.'iflh 1 ltJxd5 33.:B:f3 :B:xe4+

• Overenthusiastic play from Black - 1 3 .. .f5?! • A costly mistake - 17 ... tll b5? • Tactical alertness from White - 1 9.:B:xc5!

28 . .ie3! is the best defence. It is then Black who must play accurately to hold the balance. For example: 28 . . . :B:f8 29.:B:dl .ih6 30 ..ixf4 .ixf4 3 l .g3 :B:fe8 32.�h l .ie5 33.ltJc4 ltJf6 34.:B:b3 tll xe4 35 .'1Wxe4 \Mfh6 36.ltJxe5 :B:xe5 37.\Mfg4t �h8 38.:B:gl :B:e2 39.\Mlh4 \Mlxh4 40.gxh4 :B:e7=

l.d4 tll f6 2.c4 e6 3.g3 c5 4.d5 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.tll c3 g6 7.tll f.3 .ig7 8 ..ig2 0-0 9.0-0 tll a6 lO.tll d2 tll c7 l l.tll c4 tll fe8 8 7

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The opening phase of the game is over; for further adventures in the middlegame go to page 300. Self-criticism is acceptable only when public criticism is denied - paraphrasing Nimzowitsch

This cheeky move, instead of the standard 1 2.a4, is quite annoying for Benoni players. It keeps an eye on d6, limiting Black's play, and if Black does not immediately reply . . . g5, White may take control of the c l -h6 diagonal by \Mfd2.

12 ... b6 Probably best. 1 2 .. .f5 has given good results in practice, but it is better to delay it until White plays a2-a4. It should also be noted that the immediate 1 2 . . . b5?! is well met by 1 3.ltJa5 when the knight is eyeing the j uicy outpost on c6.

l3J"kl f5?!

224

Positional Chess Sacrifices

19... �c3

Safer is 1 3 . . ..ia6 1 4.b3 �b8 1 5 .a4 f5 1 6.�el .ixc4 1 7.bxc4 ie5, and Black cannot complain.

The offer cannot be accepted: 1 9 ... dxc5 20.ltlxc5 ic3 2 1 .\We3+-

14.\Wd2?!

20.�xc3 bxc3 2l .�xc3 hc3 22.\Wxc3

The Russian player is half-bluffing by allowing Black to advance on the queenside. 1 4.a4± should have been given higher priority, as it is not at all clear what Black would then do.

14 ....Aa6 1 5.b3 b5 16.�a5 b4 17.�a4 �b5? Black should have anticipated the attack on his queen with 17 . . .'\Wd?! 1 8.�c6 .ib5, when the position is almost balanced.

1S.�c6 \Wd7 The black queen has no good squares. After 1 8 . . .\Wf6 White can win the exchange by 1 9 ..ig5 \Wf7 20 . .ie7, or he may choose to sacrifice his rook: 1 9.�xc5! dxc5 ( l 9 . . . �c3 20 ..ig5 lLlxe2t 2 1 .\t>h l \Wf7 22.�a5 �xg3t 23.fxg3 .ixfl 24 ..ixfl +-) 20.ltlxc5 .ic8 2 l ..ie5 Wf7 22.d6 and Black cannot avoid heavy material losses.

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White's rook "sacrifice" led to a forced sequence of exchanges, resulting in the present position. White presently has two pawns for the exchange, and his position is absolutely dominant. He will be able to create a strong �sed pawn on the queenside, and the bishop (pair and potential attack along the a l -h8 diagonal only add to Black's problems. The remainder of the game is less important so I will leave it without comments.

22... �£6 23J:�el .Ab7 24.b4 a6 25.a4 �h5 26..icl '%Yg7 27.'%Yb3 h6 2S..ib2 \Wi7 29.\Wc3 'tt>h7 30.e3 �f6 31.\Wd4 �e4 32-l:�cl gacS 33.b5 axb5 34.axb5 gas 35.gc2 gfeS 36.b6 gacS 37J:k4 h5 3S.h4 \WfS 39.ga4 �c5 4o.ga7 gas 4l.�a5 gxa7 42.bxa7 \Wi7 43.�c4 1-0

19J�xc5!

Post-game reflections

This is not really a sacrifice, as White gets at least material equality in all variations. Still, the move is so visually striking that I felt it warranted a place in the book.

The disaster that occurred in this game is similar to that from my game against Sznapik (see page 298), with the small difference that here

225

Chapter 1 0 - The Modern Benoni I was the victim rather than the executioner. "Father Benoni" was given a tough lesson after overlooking the possibility of a rook offering itself for capture to a lowly pawn.

Pavel Eljanov - Veselin Topalov Wijk

aan

Zee 2008

Points to look for in this game: • Black allows his own bishop to be trapped - 1 2 . . . lLld7!? • Missing a good chance - 23 . . . ltld3! • Black exchanges the wrong piece 25 . . . lLl xg4?

l .d4 tl::l £6 2.c4 e6 3.tLlc3 c5 4.d5 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.tl::l f3 g6 7.g3 .ig7 8 .ig2 0-0 9.0-0 �e8 IO..i£4 •

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18 ..ig2 lLlfd7 Black has all his pieces on good squares and thus can be quite satisfied.

I I...tLlh5 12 ..ie3 tLld7!? Does this lose a piece, as many might think? There is a fine distinction - Black is not losing a piece, but sacrificing it! The alternatives cannot bring Black any joy: 1 2 ... ltla6 1 3.lLlc4 .ixc3 1 4.bxc3 b5 1 5 .ltld2 lLlc?t 1 2 . . ..if5 1 3.ltlc4 .ixc3 1 4.bxc3 b5 1 5.lLld2 ltld7 1 6.a4 a6 17 .�e 1 lLle5 1 8.h3 White is able to keep Black's activity under control and has the better long-term prospects. For example: 1 8 . . .'\Wd? 1 9.'j;>h2 'We? 20 ..ih6 f6 2 1 .e4 .id7 22.axb5 axb5 23.'1We2 c4 24 ..ie3 lLld3 25.�eb 1 �xal 26.�xa1 f5 27.�a7 tl::l f6 28 ..id4 lLlc5 29.'1We3±

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IO....ig4!?

13.h3 .ixh3! 14 ..ixh3 tl::lxg3 15.fxg3

Perhaps dissatisfied with the more theoretical 1 0 . . . ltla6 1 1 .�e 1 , Topalov carves a new theoretical path with a move that had almost never previously been played in the position.

1 5 .�e 1 ? �xe3! 1 6.fxg3 '1Wg5 is dangerous only to White.

l l.tl::l d2 1 1 .'1Wb3 is well answered by 1 1 ...ltle4. Mter 1 1 .�e 1 a6 1 2.a4 .ixf3 13 ..ixf3 'We? 1 4.e4 ltlbd7 1 5 .�cl �ac8 1 6.b3 h6 1 7.h3 ltle5

15 ... �xe3 Commenting on this game for ChessBase, GM Marin says: "A long time ago, I learned from GM Mihai Suba that in the Benoni it is not so important how good your position is objectively; the essential thing is to have 'some' play."

226

Positional Chess Sacrifices

I would say that about a last-chance (or desperation) sacrifice, but not in general. I don't think that Marin considers the Benoni to be so bad; after all, he plays it himself. It is only Psakhis who confessed to me that "the Benoni is hopeless", although he also plays it, and adds "but I win all the games!" I don't remember ever inciting rebellion against the objective evaluation of a position, which in my view is of paramount importance; or if I did, it was nor meant seriously. What I repeatedly say is rhar more rhan in other openings, Black must do his utmost to avoid White holding a sustainable initiative; and this, of course, includes being willing to sacrifice. Topalov's piece sacrifice in this game is quite interesting and I am on his side. I believe rhar here White should not overestimate his chances, as Black has almost enough compensation.

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23.ttlh2?! 23.a5 is better.

23 ....ig7 White's inaccurate move gave Black a golden opportunity to take over rhe initiative with: 23 ... lt:'ld3! 24.lt:'lg4 .ig7 25.E!:fl Wxb2 26.lt:'lf6t i>h8 27.Wxb2 lt:'lxb2 28 ..ig4 lt:'ld3 29.'it>g2 lt:'le5 30.-id l E!:c8+

24.!l:fl !l:£8?! This overprotection of f7 is hard to understand. Again, 24 ... ttld3! should be played, when White has nothing better than transposing to the previous note with 25.lt:'lg4.

25.ttlg4 We have reached a pivotal moment in rhe game. a

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16.!l:f3 .id4 Keeping the rooks on with 1 6 ... E!:e7 might be slightly better.

17.!l:xe3 he3t 18.i>hl ttle5 19.ttlfl .ih6 20.e4 a6 21.a4 W/b6 The alternatives 2 l . . .c4 22.b3 W/a5 23.Wic2 E!:e8 or 2 1 ...W/a5 are a bit more elastic.

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Chapter 1 0 - The Modern Benoni

25 ...ltJxg4? "After exchanging this knight, Black will be left without counterplay." - Marin. 25 ... lt:ld3 is a better try, for example 26.lt:lf6t .ixf6 27.gxf6 Wb3 and White has to look for the draw: 28.Wd2 (not 28 ..ie6 b5; nor 28.gxd6 lt:lxb2 29.Wd2 lt:lxa4 30.lt:lxa4 Wxg3 3 I .Wh2 We 1 t 32.Wgl Wxe4t 33 . .ig2 We5 34.gb6 Wh5t 35.Wh2 Wdl t 36.Wgl Wxa4 and Black is close to winning) 28 . . . b5 29.axb5 axb5 30.gfl b4 3 1 .lt:l d l lt:l e5 32.lt:le3 gas 33.lt:l f5 gxf5 34.Wg5t �fs 35 .Wh6t=

26..ixg4 Wc5 Slightly better is: 26 . . . Wb4 27.Wd2 h5 28 ..ih3 ge8 29.�g2t

27.�g2 ge8?! Black gradually drifts into more severe difficulties. 27 ... h5 28 . .ih3 .ie5 29.gf3 �g7 30.Wfl Wc?t was better.

28.Wtl Wc7 29 ..ie2 ge7 30.:E:cl ±

227

37.�d4 .ial 38.:E:a4 .ic3 39.We3 .ib2 40.:E:b4 .ial 4I.:E:bl .ixd4 42.'%Vxd4t :E:e5 43.�g2 h4 44.:E:hl hxg3 45.YM2 g5 46.Wfc3 1-0 Post-game reflections Topalov's piece sacrifice was a lovely idea, even if it was prepared at home (which seems likely) . Black obtained two pawns for a piece, but he had no real attacking chances and his compensation was entirely comprised of positional features such as his superior pawn structure, better bishop, outpost square on e5, and his mobile queenside pawn majority. Eljanov deserves credit for reacting as well as he did, and the game remained in a state of approximate equality until Topalov made a series of errors between moves 23-27. This game reminds us once again that a strong defender can continue to make life difficult even after being hit by a troublesome sacrifice, and in such cases the result will be decided by who can better adapt to the changing situation and maintain their resolve until the bitter end. Spoiltfor choice - genial English expression

Jurijs Mihailovs - Mihai Suba Pamplona 2009

Points to look for in this game:

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• A forced but strong piece sacrifice 1 3 . . ..ixd6! • (Over-?) Energetic development from Black - 1 7 ....ig4!? • Black misses his chances - 23 . . . cxb3!, 26 . . .Wxa4!, 28 .. J:l:a3 and 30 . . . :E:b8!

White is now firmly in control, and Eljanov steadily realized his advantage. The remaining moves can pass without comment.

I .d4 �f6 2.c4 e6 3.�f3 c5 4.d5 d6

30 h5 3I .:E:c2 :E:e5 32.i.f3 We? 33.a5 .if6 34.i>fl �g7 35.lt:le2 :E:g5 36.:E:xc4 i.xb2

A refinement in the move order, devised by the author a long time ago. Its purpose is to limit White's options. In general, such details

•..

228

Positional Chess Sacrifices

in the opening should be studied by all players interested in the respective opening, and adopted or discarded according not only to their preferences, but also to the inclusion and exclusion capacity of the specific move order. In our case, Murey's variation, 4 . . . exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4, be it good or bad, simply cannot be played, so we get an exclusion. Compared with the main line, there are no notable additional possibilities for White. That means we do not need to worry about any inclusion; in other words, the exclusion is free of charge.

A questionable novelty, instead of the well­ trodden road which starts with long castling.

12...0-0 13.d6 In for a penny, in for a pound! This move provokes a forced sacrifice.

5.ll:lc3 exd5 6.cxd5 g6 7..if4 a6 8.e4 b5! Improving on my game against Korchnoi, as featured earlier in the chapter.

9.'We2 .ie7! Black takes a concrete approach to the opening, putting the bishop on an unusual square in order to avoid any mishaps along the e-file.

10.e5?! It is accepted by experts that this move gives White at best some drawing chances, and at worst serious headaches. The modern treatment of the vananon is I O .Wfc2, continuing development in the belief that White is a tempo up compared with other variations (based on the loss of time Black will inevitably have to incur while transferring his bishop back to the desirable g7-square) . The problem of tempos, and not only in Modern Benoni, is very delicate. Here the tempo (Wfc2) is not very well used, and the mobilization of the pawn majority with . . . b5 signifies a great success for Black. Besides, in the opening phase the bishop can be useful on e7, protecting the chronic weakness on d6 and allowing a mostly pain-free plan of development.

10...dxe5 l l..ixe5 ll:lbd7 12 ..if4?!

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13 ...hd6! Leading to a forced sequence.

14..ixd6 �e8 15.ll:le5 b4! 16.ll:la4 ll:lxe5 17..ixe5

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17....ig4!? An ingenious move, in Morphy's style, maximizing the dynamic potential of the black pieces. It would be harsh to criticize the text move, as it should win. However, other

229

Chapter 1 0 - The Modern Benoni moves may reach the goal in quicker or simpler fashion. For example: 1 7 . . . lt'lg4 1 8.f4 lt'lxe5 ( 1 8 .. .f6 is not bad either) 1 9.fxe5 W'g5 20.h4 Wfg3t 2 I .Wff2 Wfxe5t 22 ..te2 .tg4 23.0-0 .txe2 24.Wfxf7t �h8 and Black's advantage lies somewhere between clear and decisive.

18.£3 ltld7 19.0-0-0 Wfa5 20.b3 In the post mortem, Mihailovs suggested 20.fxg4 Wfxa4 2 I .b3 Wfc6 22.Eixd7 Wfxd7 23.Wfb2, but the white king is too exposed: 8

7

23 l::k8 ? .••

Here I began to slow down. Yermolinsky has written about how the trends in a game can alter, and this seems to be the case here. The correct approach is 23 ... cxb3! 24.axb3 Ele3 25 ..td3 (25 .Eid3 Elc8t 26.�d2 Elxd3t 27 ..txd3 W'g5t 28.c;f;>d i Wfe3!-+) 25 . . . Eid8 26 ..tc2 Elc8 27.� b l Ele2 and Black is winning, for instance: 28.Eicl .tf5 29 ..txf5 Wfxf5t 30.�al Elxb2 3 I .Eixc8t Wfxc8 32.�xb2 Wfe6-+

24..ixc4 hc4 25.bxc4 ge3 Here I had calculated that 25 . . .Wfxa4?? 26.Wfxe5 Wfxa2 27.c5?? b3 28.Wfc3 b2t would be winning. But then I realized that in this sequence there is the improvement 27.Eid2!, when it is White who wins.

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23 . . . Eixe5! 24.Wfxe5 Ele8 25 .Wfg3 Wfd4 26 ..td3 Ele3 27.Wfb8t �g7 28.Eid l Wfc3t and Black simply wins.

20.. J�xe5 21.Wfb2 .ie6 22J:�xd7 c4! Equally strong is 22 . . . Eie l t 23.Eid l Elxdl t 24.�xd l Eld8t 25.�e l c4-+ .

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26.W'f2? In time pressure, Mihailovs misses a chance for salvation: 26.W'c2! Ela3 27.Eid5 Wfxa4 28 .W'xa4 Elxa4 29.c;f;>b2 Ela3 30.Eicl =

26...ga3

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This should be winning, but much clearer is: 26 ... W'xa4! 27.Wfxe3 Wfxa2 Compared with the variation on Black's previous move, the difference is that White does not control the a l -square. 28.c5 b3 29.Wfc3 b2t-+

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

27.ttlb2?! White has a better defence in 27.'\Wc2 l'!xa4 28.l'!d5, although Black should triumph in the resulting rook ending: 28 ...'\Wxd5 29.cxd5 l'!xc2t 30.f7 36.�b4 i>g6! 37.'\1;Yc6t i>g5 38.'\1;Yhl '\1;Yg4t! A simple queen sacrifice to force mate on the next move.

0-1 Post-game reflections

33 . . . l"k5! would maintain the equilibrium by covering the d5-square against checks, defending f5 , and hinting at a possible rook swing along the fifth rank.

34.'\1;Yhl ! Combining defence with counterattack.

34.. J�� d2!

This slightly scrappy game was notable for its various sacrificial motifs, including Browne's 24.ixb6!, the improvement 27.l"!:xd5!, and later Karpov's 28 ... e3!?. It is ironic that Karpov's late blunder probably won the game for him by inducing Browne's counter-blunder. As the old adage has it: "The best players are always the luckiest."

In this desperate situation, Karpov's move offers the best practical chance. It is too late for Black to make amends for his mistake. For example: 34 ... '\We6 35J'!b6! '1We5 (35 ... '\Wxb6 36.'\Wd5t wins) 36.'\Wd l +-

Bojan Kurajica - Anatoly Karpov Bugojno 1980

Points to look for in this game: Creative and strong play in the opening 1 2 . . .�a5! • Black plays a promising sacrifice - 16 ... cxd4! • But he misses the best follow-up - 1 7 . . . b5! in the notes

•

l.d4 �f6 2.c4 e6 3.�f3 b6 4.g3 �a6 5.b3 d5 6.�g2 dxc4 7.�e5 �b4t s.i>fl White accepts a misplacing of his king in order to obtain a large pawn centre.

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35J:i:b8t?? This "payback" blunder, probably also as a result of time pressure\ misses the chance to force a winning endgame and runs into a quick loss! Correct is 35 .'\WaSt i>f7, and now 36.'\Wa?t or 36.'\Wb?t both win.

8 c6 9.bxc4 0-0 10 ..ib2 '\1;Yc7 l l.'\1;Yc2 .•.

Either 1 1 .'1Wb3 or 1 1 .'1Wa4 seems more logical.

l l ... �d8 Black can also play l l .. .ib7, with the idea of . . . c5.

12.�d3

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Chapter 1 2 - The Queen's I ndian Defence

With this move, Black turns the sacrifice into a true one. However, he would have done better to go for a sham sacrifice with 17 . . . b5!, which enables him to regain the material and obtain an advantage by force:

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12....ia5! Preventing normal development by 1 3 . lt:l d2.

13.tLla3 ltlbd7 14..if.3 E:ac8 Black has already mobilized all his pieces and is ready to strike while White is still struggling to make arrangements for his king.

15.e4 c5 16.e5

19.ltlxc4 'Wxc4 20.Wg2 .ic3 21.E:hdl

8 - �. �� �-7 .��r-- V.m l•r 6 �.�.r�r �. • '!II �!li � : !li!li�-!li!liBD � :?----% � � 3 � mtt:J- � H 2 �--- - �-�d�� %�--- -%mi•----/·---,,

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16...cxd4! 1 6 ... lt:ld5!? is another interesting pseudo­ sacrifice, after which Black soon recoups the material: 1 7.cxd5 cxd4 1 8.'Wxc7 �xd3t 1 9.c;t>g2 E:xc7 20.�xd4 exd5 2 1 .E:hd l �a6 22.E:ab l �c3 23.lt:lb5 �xb5 24.E:xb5 lt:lxe5+

17.exf6 t[}xf6

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White consolidates his position. His worries are behind him now, as in this middlegame position three pawns are hardly better than a piece.

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

Julio Granda Zuniga - Anatoly Karpov

2l. .. �d7 Either 2 I . . .lt:ld5 or 2 l . . .b5 would be better.

Madrid 1 992

22.�abl a5 23.�f4?! White should take time for 23.a3!.

23...'%Yxa2 24.ixc3 '%Yxe2 25.tflxe2 dxc3 26.�bcl c2 27.�d2

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27... �£8 Slightly better is: 27 . . . g6!? 28.E:dxc2 E:xc2 29.E:xc2 lt:le5+

28.�cxc2 Karpov did not feel he could achieve anything by continuing this minimally better endgame, so he rook a draw. 11z_11z

Post-game reflections This short game had some interesting moments. Karpov found exactly the right idea in 1 6 ... cxd4! to open the centre for his superior pieces, but then missed some opportunities to make more of his advantage, the clearest example being on the very next move when 1 7 ... b5! would have made it almost impossible for White to survive.

l.d4 tflf6 2.c4 e6 3.�f3 b6 4.g3 ia6 5.b3 ib7 6.ig2 ib4t 7.id2 a5 8.0-0 0-0 9.'%Yc2 d6 10.a3 ixd2

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l l.�bxd2 In the Queen's Indian, it is obvious that the white queen's knight is much better placed on c3 rather than d2. Yet in my database, although the diagram position has arisen in fourteen games at relatively high level, no one has played l l .W'xd2 or, even better, l l .lt:l fxd2!. No doubt controlling the e4-square and avoiding the exchange of light-squared bishops are motivating factors for many players. Still, I cannot help but wonder if the dogmatic counting of tempos is still the norm for even the best players. Here is an illustrative line after my preferred continuation: l l .tt:'lfxd2! .ixg2 1 2.\t>xg2 c5 1 3.lt:lf3 cxd4 1 4.tt:lxd4 d5 1 5.E!:d l lt:l bd7 1 6.cxd5 E:c8 1 7.W'b2 exd5 1 8.tt:'lc3;!:;

l l . .. �bd7 The most frequent answer, but not necessarily the best. There are sensible reasons for choosing several other moves including l l ...W'e7, l l . . .lt:lc6 and l l . . .c5.

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Chapter 1 2 - The Queen's Indian Defence

12.e4 This is fair enough, although some programs suggest 1 2.ltl b l !?, trying to correct the previous human auto-response!

It is safer to play: 1 9.ltle3 �c5 20.�b2 b5 2 l .cxb5 �xb5 22.ltlc3 �c5 23.ifl !!ab8 24.il.c4 il.c6 25 .'it>g2 ltld4=

19 ...Wc5t 20.�e3

12 ... e5 13JUel ges 14J3adl Not again! I'm sorry, but my machine is going crazy; now all the programs are asking for 1 4.ltl b l ! .

Slightly better is 20.\t>h l g6 2 1 .ltle3, when the weakness of f6 might prove useful to White.

20... �d7 21.i>hl

14...exd4 15JL1xd4 �c5 16.f3 1 6.b4!? ltl e6 1 7.ltl 2f3 ltlxd4 1 8.�xd4;!;

16... tLle6 17.�f5 1 7.ltlxe6 fxe6 1 8 .ltlbl e5 1 9 .ih3 !!f8 20.ltlc3 il.c8 2 l .il.xc8 �xc8 22.'it>g2 !!f7 23.ltld5 �e6 24.!!fl =

2 1 .ltlc3! is better, though Black still has ample resources. For example: 2 l . . .!!ad8 22.'it>h 1 h5 23.�b2 h4 24.ltlcd5 c6 25.ltlf5 ltle5 26.f4 cxd5 27.cxd5 ltlg4 28.!!e2 g6 29.ltlxh4 !!c8 30.dxe6 !!xe6 3 l .!!de l �b4 32.�d2 �xd2 33.!!xd2 !!c3=

1 7.ltlfl !? is another way to try to improve the d2-knight.

17...Y='d7 18.�bl Finally!

18...Wc6 8 7 6

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21...Y='b4!;

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Although the black queen is short of squares, she has considerable annoyance value and should not be in any real danger of being trapped.

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19.a4?! This aims to prevent any counterplay on the queenside and free White's hands. But the question is: "To do what?" The downside is that the weakness of b3 and the outpost on c5 become permanent features of the landscape.

22.�d2 �deS 23.gbl gadS 24.h4 24.ltld5 �xd5 25.cxd5 ltld4 26.�a2 b5+

24... �a6 25.i>h2 The immediate 25.ltl dfl may be slightly better.

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

An endgame with a minimal advantage (or even without it!) - that's the chef's speciality. The more so against a dangerous player who likes complex positions and is an ace with the intuitive sacrifice. "Where is the sacrifice in this dull game, then?" the reader might ask. Just a minute!

Maybe White could have defended better over the next few moves, but his position is unpleasant regardless of how he plays.

28.'1Wxd4 ltlxd4 29J'!edl �e6 30.ltld5?! Better is 30.l'!d2 ti:Jc5 3 l .ti:Jc2 ti:Jxc2 32.l'!xc2 g6 33.l'!c3 l'!e5 34.ti:Je3 'it>g7 35.\t>gl l'!de8 36.l'!e l f6 37.'it>f2 and White has good chances to hold.

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33.. J3e7! Karpov calmly improves his pieces and prepares the final invasion.

34.g4 !!deS 35.�g3 l'!e3-+ To paraphrase Steinitz - a pawn is not worth this much trouble. a

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30...f5!

36.�e4 ltlxb3 37.l'!ddl �c5 38.ltlg5 �xa4 39.ltle6 �c3 40.l'!el l'!xel 4l.l'!xel ltlbxd5

Here it is - the long-awaited break! Don't concern yourself with your own pawns, only your opponent's!

3l.exf5?! A better way to take the pawn is 3 l .ti:Jxb4 axb4 32.exf5, but Black still has excellent play: 32 ... ti:Jc5 33.g4 (33.l'!d2 h5 34.g4 d5!) 33 . . . l'!e2 34.'it>g3 l'!de8+

3 l ...ixd5 32.cxd5 White could have considered declining the sacrifice and keeping his queenside structure intact with 32.fxe6 .txe6, although he is struggling here too as . . . d6-d5 is coming.

32... �c5 33J3d2

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In j ust ten moves, the pawn investment has been recovered with 200% net profit; considering the unusual number of passed

25 1

Chapter 1 2 - The Queen's I ndian Defence pawns on the queenside, you might even say 400%. White decided enough was enough.

l.d4 tLlf6 2.c4 e6 3.tLlf3 b6 4.g3 .ia6 5.b3 .ib4t 6.id2 ie7 7.ig2 c6 8 ..ic3 d5 9.tLle5 tlJfd7 10.tlJxd7 tLlxd7 1I.tiJd2 0-0 12.0-0 l'!c8 13.e4

Post-game reflections

The players are following one of the most heavily investigated theoretical variations of the Queen's Indian.

0-1

I noticed two particularly prevalent themes in this game. The first was White's failure to find a useful role for his queen's knight. Several times it was noted that this piece could have been rerouted via b 1 to c3, but by the time Granda Zuniga went about executing this manoeuvre, it was too late and the knight had to come back to the undesirable d2-square in order to defend the b3-pawn. Later the knight went to fl and did nothing for several moves. Only at the very end of the game did the knight find a strong outpost on e6, but by that time White's position was already hopeless. The other major theme was the weakening of White's queenside pawns with 1 9 .a4?!. Ofcourse Granda Zuniga is a formidable player who understood perfectly well that he was leaving some weaknesses, but he obviously thought it would be worth making this concession in order to stabilize the queenside and strive for active play elsewhere. It was instructive to see how Karpov eventually exploited this weakening and eliminated all three of White's queenside pawns, using a positional pawn sacrifice as a tool to put the plan in motion.

8 7 6 5 4 3 2

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13. .dxe4 .

1 3 . . . b5 is another serious move.

However, the most theoretical line is: 1 3 . . . c5 1 4.exd5 exd5 1 5 .dxc5flxc4 1 6.c6 cxb3 1 7.l'!e l b2 1 8.�xb2 tt:lc5 1 9!tt'lc4 �xc4 20.Wfg4 �g5 2 l .Wfxc4 tt:ld3

Vladimir Kramnik - Levon Aronian Mexico City 2007

Points to look for in this game: •

•

•

A strong novelty connected with an exchange sacrifice - 17 .l'!b 1 ! An interesting queen sacrifice - 1 7. . .Wfd5!? in the notes Black accepts the offer too early 1 9 . . .�xe l ?

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More than fifty games have been played from this position. The general scheme is that White will sacrifice the exchange and retain a slight edge, as his powerful bishops and passed c-pawn

252

Positional Chess Sacrifices

provide at least enough compensation, although most high-level games have ended in draws.

14.c!the4 b5 15J:�el bxc4 16.!fl ttlb6 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 b

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In this very position, a draw was agreed in Aronian - Nakamura, Stepanekerr 2005. It seems Aronian was sufficiently convinced by Black's play to repeat it himself, but Kramnik is ready to take up the challenge from White's side.

17J:l:bl! This Nimzowitschian, mysterious rook move is the result of expert preparation.

17... ttld5 GM Mihail Marin, who is a keen positional sacrificer himself, points out the following offering of the black queen: 17 .. .'\Wd5!? 1 8.ltJc5 �xc5 1 9.l"i:e5 �d6 20.Ei:xd5 cxd5�

He continues with the rhetorical question: "Does White have any winning chances here?!" Of course, this would be much bener than the way the game turns out, but I think the compensation symbol is an exaggeration here. Until Chess Informant and ChessBase elaborate a more refined symbol, denoting "with not quite enough compensation", let us j ust agree that Marin's idea is a best-chance sacrifice. In absolute value, it is perhaps the equivalent of the alternative defence at move 1 9 that is mentioned below. However, the reader may understand Marin's enthusiasm: a queen sacrifice, muddying the opponent's plans, always comes with extra psychological value.

18.!al Now you can see that 17 .Ei:b 1 had a double aim, to provide a flight square for the bishop and to prevent . . .'Wb6.

18...!b4 A subsequent game continued 1 8 . . . Ei:b8 1 9.bxc4 with a stable edge to White, who eventually won in Ponomarev - Pivinsky, corr. 2008.

19.ttlc5! White is already temporarily a pawn down, and now he offers an exchange in order to target the bishop on a6. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Chapter 1 2 - The Queen's Indian Defence

1 9...hel? Black should defer accepting the gift: 1 9 .. .'Wa5 20.bxc4 �xe l 2 l .Wfxe1 Wfxe l 22.�xe 1 li'Jc7 23.�c3 �cd8 24.�c l �c8 25.�a5 li'Ja6 26.�xd8 �xd8 27.li'Jb3 (27.li'Jxa6 �xa6 gives drawing chances) 27 . . .�d7 28.f4 �e8 29.'it>f2 c5 30.d5t

20.\'Nxel The bishop on a6 is trapped and so White will emerge with two bishops against a rook. In view of Kramnik's customary precision, Black's position may already be considered lost.

20 ...cxb3 2I.tilxa6 bxa2 22J�b2 tile? 23.gxa2 tilxa6 24,gxa6 YNd7 25.\'Nc3 f6 26.\'Nc5 gf7 27..ic3 VNb7 28.\'Nc4 VNd7 29..ig2 �h8 30..ixc6 \'Nb7 31.�g2 h6 32.d5 \'Nbs 33.dxe6 ge7 34..ib4 gee? 35.e7 1-0

A pawn is worth a little trouble - Steinitz

Petar Arnaudov Mihai Suba -

Arvier 20 1 0

Points to look for in this game: •

•

•

An interesting reply to a dangerous gambit - 1 l .. .a6!? A spectacular piece offer - 1 7.�d6!! in the note to move 1 3 Returning material to good effect - 24 . . . d5!

l .d4 tilf6 2.c4 e6 3.tilf3 b6 4.g3 .ia6 5.\'Nc2 .ib7 6..ig2 c5 7.d5!?

Post-game reflections This game was won primarily in Kramnik's home laboratory. Like a few of the other games in the book, it stretched the definition of the term "sacrifice", as in most variations White ended up at least regaining his material. Still, the way White calmly left his rook hanging on e 1 makes a strong visual impression, and even such a strong player as Aronian failed to cope with the problems put in front of him.

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This pawn sacrifice has become extremely fashionable, especially at the elite level. In return for the pawn, White obtains a lead in development and some pressure along the d-file.

7 ... exd5 8.cxd5 tilxd5 Some years ago Black used to take with the bishop, but White had exceptional results, so players have switched to the knight recapture, which seems to me more natural.

9.0-0 tile? Most frequently played, by far, is 9 . . .�e7, but I believe that the text move is safer.

Positional Chess Sacrifices

254

Statistically, it also has the better results.

IO.�d The alternatives are I OJ%d i and I O.e4.

IO �e7 l l.�dl ...

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I 7.h5?! Too optimistic. Better is: I 7.e3 tt:le7 I 8 .tt:l e4 tt:l f5 I 9 ..ixc7 �xc7 20.tt:lf6t 'tt> g7 2 I .tt:lxd5 .ixd5 22 ..ixd5 l:'i:ad8 23.�c3t f6 24.h5 �c8 25.�b3 l:'i:d6 26 ..ig2 �fd8 27.hxg6 hxg6 28.l'%xd6 l:'i:xd6 29.l:'i:di c4 30.�c2 b5+ I7 . . . tt:l e6 I 8.tt:lxe6 fxe6 I 9.e3 I 9 ..ih6! l:'i:f5 20.hxg6 �f6 2 I .gxh7t �h8 22 ..id2 �xf2 23.�d3 tt:l d4 24 ..ic3 l:'i:xe2 25.'tt> h i l:'i:e5 26.l:'i:fi �g7+ I 9 . . . gxh5+ 20.�h i 't!lh8 2 l .�e2

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l l . a6!? .

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When playing this, I thought my idea was original, but I later found another game in the database. By giving a square to the rook, Black ensures that he will not lose the exchange to any combinations based on tt:lf3-g5.

12.VNf5 This was a novelty. In the earlier game Khmelniker - Sulskis, Dresden 2007, the advantage passed back and forth across the board like a ball: I 2.tt:le4 d5 I 3.tt:lh4 .ixh4 I 4.gxh4 tt:lc6 I 5 ..if4 0-0 I 6.tt:lg5 g6

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2 I ...�xf4!? 2 I . ..h4+ 22.exf4 �f6 23.�xh5 �xf4 24.l:'i:d3 tt:l d4 25.l:'i:h3 �f5 26.�h4 l:'i:g8? 26 . . . l:'i:e8 was necessary. 27.l:'i:g3 27.�e7!± 27 ... l:'i:f8 28.l:'i:e i �f6 29.�h5?! tt:l f5 29 . . ..ic6! was better. 30.�h3 l:'i:f7 3 I .a4 c4 32.�e2 tt:l d4 33.�h5 tt:l f5 33 ....ic6+ 34.�e2 tt:l d4 35.�h5 �-Yz The ping-pong has finished.

12...0-0 13.�£4 White has a more dangerous alternative: I 3.tt:lg5! g6 I 4 .�h3 .ixg5 1 5 ..ixg5 �xg5 1 6 ..ixb7 l:'i:a7 a

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Chapter 1 2 - The Queen's Indian Defence

255

2 l .tLlxe7t '1Mfxe7 22.'1Mfe4 should also end in a draw, but may be slightly more troublesome for Black) 2 1 .tLJh6t 'tt> g7 22.tLlf5t cj;lg8=

14..J�a7

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All tricks on the diagonal are over! 14 . . . tLlc6 was natural and good, but I wanted to preserve the possibility of ...�xf3 and ... lLld4. Not to mention the d7 -weakness, which now benefits from X-ray protection!

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1 7.:gd6!! tLle6 1 7 . . . :gxb7? 1 8.tt:le4+1 8 .�g2 After 1 8.:gxb6 'IM!d8 1 9.tLld5 d6 20.:gd l tLld7 2 1 .:gb3 'tt> g7 the bishop on b7 has somehow strayed, and White is likely to lose material. 1 8 . . . b5 1 9.:gad l 'i:t>g7 20.f4 '1Mfe7 2 I .:g6d2 c4 22.e4 f6 23.tt:ld5 '1Mfc5t 24.cj;lhJ tt:l c6 25.tLJb6 tLlcd4 26.:gxd4 tLlxd4 27.tLlxd7 'IM!d6 28.tLlxf8 cj;lxf8 Black has emerged with equality.

15.Le7 The idea that White may restore material equality with 1 5.�xb8 '1Mfxb8 1 6.:gxd7 is an optical illusion, as after I6 . . .�e4! White loses the exchange without adequate compensation.

15 ..."Wxe7 16."We5?! Better is 1 6.e3 g6 1 7.'1Mfe5 b5 1 8.tLld5 �xd5 1 9.'1Mfxd5 tLlc6+.

13...tLle6

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14..id6?! After this White will struggle to prove his compensation. Instead he should have taken a convenient route to equality: 1 4.tLJd5 lLlxf4 1 5.'1Mfxf4 �xd5 1 6.:gxd5 tLlc6 1 7.:gad l :ga7 1 8.'1Wg4 d6 1 9.tLlh4 g6 20.tLlf5 '1Mfb8 (20 ...'1Mfc7

18 ..ttlb4 1 9."Wh5?! .

Here 19.'1Mfd6 is slightly better than before. For example: 1 9 . . .'1Mfxd6 20.:gxd6 :gb8 2 l .e3 c4 22.�e2 b5 23.a3 tLlc6 24.:gad l tLlf8 25.tLle4 :gc8 26.tLlc5 :gcc7 27.�fl tLJb8 28.tLJe4 with

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reasonable drawing chances. But White seems unaware of the danger.

19...llJd4 20..ie4?! Threatening mate in one, but aggravating White's problems. Best is 20J::!:d2+.

20...g6 21.YNh6 llJxe2t 22)tJxe2 YNxe4 23.llJc3 YNf5 24.:Sd2 a

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24 d5! •..

Black is eager to give back one of the pawns, to eliminate White's potential domination over d5, and to open the door for the laughable a7rook. I intended it as a simplification sacrifice. But as we shall see, I was too modest - it could have turned into a tremendous attack.

25.a3 d4!? The machine suggests another way to give back a pawn, much stronger than my desired simplification: 25 . . . t2ld3! 26.\Mie3 c4 27.\Mixb6 :Sd7

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28J::!:fl 28.\Mixa6?! d4 29.l2la2 l2le5-+ 28 .:Se2 �g7 29.\Mixa6 d4 30.l2la2 :Se8 3 l .:Sxe8 \Mixf2t 32.�h 1 \Mff3t 33.�g1 l2lf2-+ 28 ... d4 29.l2ld 1 Neither 29.l2le2 \Mie4 nor 29.l2la2 c3! 30.bxc3 l2le5 can save White. 29 . . .\Mff3 White is helpless against . . . :Se8 followed by ... tOe I .

26.axb4 dxc3 27.bxc3 Black is a clear pawn up and eventually won a rook endgame, of which I will spare the boring details.

. ..0-1

Post-game reflections White's opening gambit gives him decent play for a pawn, and we saw in the notes to moves 1 3 and 14 that he could have at least achieved a dynamic balance or an outright draw in one way or another. Although Black's play also contained some imperfections, it showed quite well how the defending side with the extra material may neutralize the opposing initiative and then take over with the help of a counter­ sacrifice to activate the pieces. It would have been more satisfying to win with the aggressive continuation noted at move 25, but my more modest simplifying plan also proved sufficient in the end.

Chapter 13

Flank Openings The English Opening Rafael Vaganian - Albin Planinc Hastings 1 974

Points to look for in this game: • White goes for a risky pawn grab - 1 l .cxd5 ?! • A powerful rook sacrifice - 1 9 . . .j,f5! • Using the full scope of the board - 2 1 . ..tt:la1 ! The following miniature is a drastic punish­ ment for neglecting basic rules. Rufik can by no means be considered a pawn grabber, but anybody can have a bad day.

The opening has transposed into one of the main lines of the Symmetrical English.

5.�c3 .ib4 In the 5 . . . tt:lc6 line, I have suffered a similar disaster: 6.tt:ldb5 d5 7.cxd5 exd5 8.tt:lxd5 tt:lxd5 9.Wxd5 �b4t 1 0 .�d2 We7 1 1 .tt:lc3 0-0 1 2.�g5 Wc7 1 3.e3 �e6 1 4.Wd2 Wa5 1 5.�h4 g5 1 6.�g3 E!:fd8 1 7.Wc2 j,xc3t 1 8.bxc3 tt:l b4 1 9.We4?? ( 1 9.Wb2 tt:lxa2 20.ie2 Wxc3t 2 1 .Wxc3 tt:lxc3 22.j,f3 tt:ld5 23.j,e5+) 1 9 . . . tt:lxa2 20.Wb4

l.d4 lLlf6 2.c4 c5 3.�f3 cxd4 4.�xd4 e6

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20 . . . 1'l:d 1 t!! 0- 1 Suba- Portisch, Thessaloniki (ol) 1 984.4

6.�db5 0-0 7.a3 hdt 8.�xc3 d5 9 ..ig5

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An interesting plan is to keep the d-pawn blocked with:

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

9.cxd5 exd5 1 O ..ie3 lLlc6 1 l ..id4

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9 ... h6 IO.Lf6 1M!xf6

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1 l . . ..if5 Black's move is not bad, but he can also try to take advantage of White's lack in development more directly: 1 1 ...lLle4 1 2.e3 (worse is 1 2.1'' k 1 :ge8 1 3.e3 Wh4 1 4.g3 lLlxg3 1 5 .fxg3 Wxd4+) 1 2 . . . :ge8 1 3 ..ie2 lLlxd4 1 4.'1Wxd4 lLlxc3 1 5.1Mfxc3 d4 1 6.Wxd4 Wxd4 1 7.exd4 .id7 1 8.'it>d2 :ge4 1 9 ..if3 :gxd4 t 20. �e3 :gh4 2 1 .:gac l :ge8t 22. 'it>d2 :gd4t 23.'it>c3 :gd6 24.:ghd 1 :gc8t 25.�b3 .ie6t 26.'it>b4 :gb6t 27.'it>a5 and Black has a draw by perpetual, if he wants. 1 2.e3 lLle4 1 3.lLlxe4 .ixe4 1 4.f3 if5 1 5.ie2

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1 5 . . . :ge8 Black does not benefit from preventing castling: 1 5 . . . Wh4t?! 1 6.g3 Wh3 1 7.�f2 :gfe8 1 8.:gcl :ge6 19.ifl Wh6 20.h4;!; Lenic - Cvitan, Nova Gorica 2006. 1 6.0-0 We? 1 7.ib5 lLlxd4 1 8.exd4 :gec8 1 9.:ge l Wh4 20.:ge2 h6+

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l l .cxd5?! White does better to refrain from taking the pawn: l l .e3 :gdg 1 2.cxd5 exd5 1 3.Wd4 Wg5 1 4.h4 Wf5 1 5 .id3 We6 1 6.0-0-0 lLlc6 1 7.Wf4 d4 1 8.exd4 :gxd4 1 9.1Mfc7 .id7 20.:ghe 1 Wf6 2 1 .:ge4

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2 l ...:gc8?? (2 l . . .:gd8 22.:gxd4 lLlxd4 23.lLld5 Wc6t 24.Wxc6 bxc6 25.lLlc3 'it>f8 26.lLle2 .ie6 27.lLlxd4 :gxd4 28.g3 �e7 29 ..ic2 :gd6=) 22.Wxc8t 1-0 F. Olafsson - Tal, Moscow 1 97 1 .

l l ...exd5 12.�xd5 :gds 13.�f3 Black is a pawn down, but his superior development gives him obvious compensation and the game continuation demonstrates the correctness of his decision.

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Black should have enough activity to regain his pawn and maintain the balance in one way or another.

16... �d4! Planinc jumps on his opponent's mistake and drives ahead with his cavalry.

17.\':Vest b7 18.e3 lbc2t 19.d2

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1 3...Y:Vb6 Also good is: 1 3 ...�g6 1 4.l'!d l l'!xd l t 1 5.lDxd l lDc6 1 6.e3 �e6 1 7.�e2 l'!d8 1 8.0-0 l'!d2

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19. ..if5! .

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1 9.lDc3 l'!xb2 20.�b5 l'!c2 2 l .�xc6 bxc6 22.�xc6 �d3 23.�a8t 'it>h7 24.lt::Jd l �c4 25.l'!e l �d5 26.�xa7 �e4 27.f3 l'!xg2t 0-1 Kaminsky - Kapengut, Orel 1 974.

Black ups the ante by throwing a rook onto the fire, decoying the white queen into the corner at the same time. Black will only have three attacking pieces remaining, but they are more than capable of hurting the white king.

14J�dl Perhaps White should have considered keeping this defensive piece on the board with 1 4.l'!bl lt::Jc6 1 5.e3.

14..Jhdl t 15.lthd1 �c6 16.l':Ve3?! 1 6.e3 is well met by 1 6 ...�e6 intending ... l'!d8-d2. 1 6.�c3!? may have been the best chance, as after 1 6 . . .�e6 17.e3 l'!c8 1 8.�e2 there are no convincing discovered attacks, although

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260

Positional Chess Sacrifices

2l. .. �al! This elegant attacking move creates an odd kind of symmetry against the white queen on a8.

22.�xb7?? Losing immediately, although White is already walking a tightrope and his chances would remain worse even with best play: 22.ic4 Wfc7 23.lt::lc3 Wfxc4 24.Wfd8 lt::lb 3t 25.g;.dl Wlg4t 26.lt::le2 Wfe4 27.g;.e 1 Wlb 1 t 28.Wfd 1 Wfxb2 29.lt::ld4 (29.Wfd5!?) 29 ... lt::lxd4 30.Wfxd4 Wfc l t 3 1 .Wid 1 Wfxa3+ After the move played Planinc gets a chance to end the game in style. 8

intuition and feel for the dynamics of a chess game, so it is surprising to see him succumb to the vice of materialism. Of course it should not be forgotten that the game took place nearly forty years ago, and perhaps the lessons learned from this painful early experience played a role in helping Rufik to become one of the most feared attacking players in the world.

A Chess game is divided into three stages: the first, when you hope you have the advantage, the second when you believe you have an advantage, and the third... when you know you're going to lose! - Savielly Tartakower

Mihai Suba -Viktor Korchnoi World Team Championship, Lucerne 1985

7

Points to look for in this game:

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• White fails to play the best move order 1 6.bxc6! in the notes • A positional queen sacrifice - 20.Wfxg7t! in the note to move 1 8 • A best-chance sacrifice for the initiative 20.:!::k 1 !

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22...�c7t! 0-1 Post-game reflections I doubt that anyone familiar with Rufik Vaganian's playing style would be surprised to learn that he was involved in the above game. What would almost definitely raise an eyebrow or two is the revelation that the Armenian attacking maestro was on the wrong side of the board, falling victim to a sacrificial attack of which he himselfwould surely have been proud. Vaganian is renowned for his highly developed

l.c4 e5 2.g3 �c6 3.�c3 g6 4..ig2 .ig7 5J�bl f5 6.d3 �f6 7.e3 0-0 8.�ge2 d6 9.b4 a6 Most often played here is 9 ... lt::le7.

10.a4 a5 Arguably better is: 1 0 ... lt::le7 l l .�b3 c6 1 2.a5 ie6 1 3 .lt::la4 Wfe8 1 4.f4 lt::ld7 ( 1 4 . . . e4) 1 5.0-0 if6 1 6.fxe5 dxe5 1 7.e4 ( 1 7.lt::lec3) 17 ...fxe4 1 8.ixe4 lt::lf5 1 9 .ig2 Wfd8 20.lt::lac3 ig5 2 1 .Ei:f3 (2 1 .lt::le4) 2 l . . .ixc l 22.E!:xcl lt::lf6 23.E!:cfl lt::ld4 24.lt::lxd4 Wfxd4t 25.g;.h1 lt::lg4 26.lt::le2 Wla7 27.h3 E!:xf3 28.E!:xf3 e4! 29.dxe4 lt::le 5= Suba - Kindermann, Beersheba 1 984.

Chapter 1 3 - Flank Openings

261

I l.b5 �e7 12.ia3

14...e4 15.h4!?

A comedy of errors occurred in another game: 1 2.0-0 l"i:b8 1 3.tt'ld5 ie6 1 4.tt'lec3 ifl

White begins to play with great expectations. 1 5.0-0 g5 1 6.f3t is a modest achievement, and besides, I don't like damaged structures!

15 ...1e6

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1 5 .f4?! tt'lexd5 1 6.tt'lxd5 tt'ld7?! ( 1 6 ... exf4) 1 7.ib2?! ( 1 7.fxe5t) 1 7 . . . c6 1 8.tt'lc3 Vfic7 1 9.c;t>h1 tt'lc5?! ( 1 9 . . . e4) 20.d4?! (20.fxe5 dxe5 2 1 .ia3 Vfid6 22.tt'le2t) 20 ... exd4?! (20 . . . tt'ld7) 2 1 .exd4 tt'ld7 22.d5 c5 23.g4?! fxg4?! (23 ... tt'l b6) 24.tt'le4 tt'l b6?! 25 .ixg7 'it>xg7 26.Vfid2 h5 27.Vfixa5± and White soon won in Franco Ocampos - Durao, Dos Hermanas 1998.

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16.d5?! A regrettable slip in the move order. More accurate is: 1 6.bxc6! ixc4 ( 1 6 . . . bxc6? 1 7.d5 cxd5 1 8.tt'lf4 Vfic8 1 9.cxd5 tt'l fxd5 20.tt'lcxd5 tt'lxd5 2 1 .tt'lxd5 ixd5 22.Vfixd5+-) 1 7.cxb7 l"i:b8 1 8 .tt'lf4t and White has a steady advantage, without any risk.

16 ... cxd5 17.�£4 '!Wc8 18.cxd5 1 8.l"i:c l ! could lead to an incredible queen sacrifice: 1 8 . . . d4 19.Vfixd4 tt'l fd5

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I2..JH7 13.'1Wd2 Or 1 3.0-0 l"i:b8 1 4.d4 e4 1 5.b6 c6 1 6.d5t.

13 ...c6 14.d4 Also good is: 1 4.0-0 ie6 1 5 .bxc6 bxc6 1 6.f4t

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20.Vfixg7t! l"i:xg7 21.cxd5 id7 22.tt'lxe4t

Positional Chess Sacrifices

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18 ... lLlfxd5 19.lLlcxd5 lLlxd5

You need not play well -just help your opponent to play badly - Genrikh Chepukaitis

James Plaskett -Tony Miles Lugano 1 986

l.c4 e5 2.e3 d6 3.lLlc3 g6 4.g3 i.g7 5.i.g2 lLle7 6.d4 0-0 7.lLlge2 lLld7 Although sometimes played, this move is not entirely consistent with 5 . . . lt:le7, after which the normal plan is 7 . . . exd4 followed by . . . lt:lbc6 and . . . lt:l f5. a

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20Jk l! An exchange sacrifice is the best chance here. In the event of 20.lt:lxd5 .ixd5 2 1 .l"i:c l 'We6 22.0-0, White would be a pawn down in a bad position. Better to invest some extra material in order to get some attacking chances in return.

20 ...i.c3 21.E:xc3 lLlxc3 22.0-0 lLlxa4 23.E:d 'Wd7 24.i.fl

Another option for Black is 7 . . . c6.

8.0-0 f5 Here too, 8 . . . exd4 looks adequate. Advancing the kingside pawns leads nowhere.

9.dxe5! dxe5 10.b3 c6 l l.i.a3 �e8 White has clear play along the d-file and the a3-f8 diagonal, while most of the black pieces have nowhere to go. Better is I I . . .e4, or even I I ...f4!?. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

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The opening phase of the game is over; for further adventures in the middlegame go to page 282.

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12.f4! Preventing .. .f4 forever and diminishing the effect of ... e4 (by controlling the e5-square) .

12 ...e4 13.�d6 E:f7 14.E:adl lLJf8 1 5.E:d2?!

263

Chapter 1 3 - Flank Openings White is trapping his own queen. Better is 1 5.tt'ld4 or 1 5 .W'd8, with a small advantage for White in either case.

15... �e6 16..ih3 Threatening tt'lxe4.

16...g5!? A good idea, but carried out with the wrong move order. 1 6 ....if8! 1 7.tt'lxe4 g5 1 8.Wfe5 tt'l g6 1 9.tt'ld6 tt'lxe5 20.tt'lxe8 tt'lxc4 2 l .bxc4 .ixa3 is good for Black.

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20...VNds 20 . . . W'e7!? 2 l .tt'lxf7 W'xa3 22.tt'lh6t \t>h8 is unclear.

17.fxg5 White picks up the gauntlet. 1 7.E:dd l !? is not at all bad, but such a move would have been psychologically difficult to make.

17... �g6

2U�d3 E:xf5 22.�xf5 VNxg5? The decisive error. After the correct 22 . . .W'xd3 23.tt'lh6t \t>h8 24 . .ib2t tt'lg7 25.tt'lf7t the game ends in perpetual check. Presumably Miles saw this but thought he could play for a win.

23.h4 VNh5

23 . . . tt'lxh4!? also fails to save the game: 24.tt'le7t! (24.tt'lxh4 W'a5! is not so clear) 24 ... Wg7 25.e4 tt'lg6 26 . .ib2t tt'le5 27.tt'lf5t \t>f6 28.E:d6! Black is hopelessly tied up and White will soon win, for instance with tt'l f4d3.

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18.Lf5! Fighting for the initiative with the help of a queen sacrifice. White could have avoided material losses with 1 8.W'b4?!, but after 1 8 ... tt'l e5 Black is in control.

lS . ..ifB 1 9.�xe4 bd6 20.�xd6 .

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264

Positional Chess Sacrifices

24.g4!

29.�fg3!

Luring the queen to a poor square.

24 ...ti'xg4t 25.tDeg3 ti'h3 26..!lJh6t q;,g7 27..!lJhf5t The most convincing route to victory is: 27.lt:Jgf5t 'tt> f6 28.i.b2t lt:Je5

With this final accurate move Plaskett covers the escape square on e4 and sets up a multitude of mating motifs.

29 ...�ef8 Black's last chance to prolong the game was to sacrifice his queen with 29 . . .\Wxfl t! 30.'it>xfl lt:Jef8. White's extra pawn and positional advantage should be enough for victory, but some work would remain.

30.i.b2t q;,e6 31 ..!lJg7t q;,e7 8 7 b

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29.e4! '.Wxd3 30.4Jg4t 'tt> f7 3 1 .4Jxe5t and White emerges with an extra piece.

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27..,q;,f6!?

3

Black avoids repeating moves. Presumably his motivation was not to play for a win, but rather to avoid suffering the fate seen in the previous note after 27 . . . 'tt> g8 28.4Jh6t 'tt> g7 29.4Jgf5t etc.

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32.i.a3t

Black resigned as it is mate next move.

1-0 Post-game reflections

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This game was all about momentum and forward motion. White began brightly but then faced a crisis as his queen became short of squares, which became especially apparent after 1 6 . . . g5!? appeared on the board. At that point Plaskett was at a crossroads, and had to decide between retreating his queen and sacrificing her for the initiative. He chose the second option, his pieces surged forwards with renewed energy, and Miles was unable to cope. White hardly made any 'retreating' moves during the whole

265

Chapter 1 3 - Flank Openings game, the only exceptions being to execute a capture or to create a direct threat.

What is the easiest thing to do? "Give advice to others. " What is the most difficult thing to do? "Know yourself" - Thales of Miletus

Ian Rogers Mihai Suba -

Szirak

1 3.cxd5 exd5 1 4.e5 ig4 1 5 .1l*fb5 ixc3 1 6.bxc3 1 6.ixc3 1l*fe3t 1 7.ie2 looks risky for White, but may be quite playable. 1 6 ... tt:le4 1 7.tt:ld4 E:fc8 Keeping queens on with 17 . . . 1l*fc7 also gives Black an edge. 1 8.1l*Tb3 tt:le7 1 9.id3 tt:lf5 1 9 ... 1l*fc5+ 20.1l*Txb6 axb6 2 1 .ttlb5 E:c6 22.c4

1986

Points to look for in this game: • A strong pawn sacrifice - 8.0-0! • Wasting too much time - 1 3 . . . h6? • A final blunder - 17 . . . 1l*Tg5??

I .d4 t[}f6 2.c4 e6 3.tflf3 c5 4.g3 cxd4 s.c!ihd4 \Wb6!? This move is designed to disrupt White's development by creating threats before he can castle.

6.i.g2 I have also faced: 6.tt:lc3 ic5 7.e3 tt:lc6 8.tt:lb3 With 8.ig2 tt:lxd4 9.exd4 ixd4 1 0.0-0 Granda could reach the main game by transposition; but everybody knows that Julio's opening knowledge was never outstanding - or so he pretends. 8 . . .ib4 9.id2 tt:le5 I O.ll*fe2 0-0 l l .f4 tt:lg6 1 2.e4 d5!

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22 . . . E:h6!+ Granda Zuniga - Suba, Zaragoza 1 995.

6...i.c5 7.e3 tt:lc6 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a

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8.0-0!

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This pawn sacrifice was introduced by Nogueiras. The alternatives can lead to difficulties for White, for instance:

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

8.lDb3?! �b4t 9.lDc3 (9.�d2 lDe5 1 0.Wfc2 d5 1 l .cxd5 Wfa6! 1 2.�xb4 itJd3t 1 3.d2 lDxb4 14.Wfc3 lDbxd5+ Sosonko - Suba, Tunis 1 985) 9 ... d5 1 0.cxd5= Vz-Vz Mi. Tseitlin - Suba, Pernik 1 976. 8.lDc2?! d5 9.cxd5 exd5 1 0.0-0 �g4 1 l .f3 �f5 1 2.Wh1 0-0 1 3 .lDc3 E:fe8 1 4.g4 �xc2 1 5.Wfxc2 ltJb4+ Flear - Suba, Szirak 1 986.

ll ....ic5!? Losing time is always a risky business, but I wanted to keep the extra pawn and with it some winning chances. The alternative is: 1 1 . . .0-0 1 2.lDxd4 exd4

8 lthd4 ...

Taking the other way seems less appetizing: 8 . . .�xd4 9.exd4 Wfxd4 1 o.Wfxd4 ltJxd4 1 1 .lDc3 e? 1 2.E:d 1 lDc6 1 3.b3 a5 1 4.�f4

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14 ... lDe8 1 5 .E:d2 f6 1 6.E:ad 1 lDe5?? 1 7.�xe5 1 -0 Nogueiras - Rodriguez Cespedes, Cien­ fuegos 1 986; after 17 ... fxe5 1 8.�xb7! Black's defences are destroyed.

9.exd4 hd4 10.�c3 e5 l l.�b5

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1 3.b3 Most of the games to reach this position have ended in a draw. Curiously, nobody has tried: 1 3.E:e 1 ! d5 1 4.cxd5 �f5 (or 14 ... �g4) 1 5 .Wfb3;!; 1 3 . . . d5 1 4 .�b2 dxc4 1 5.Wfxd4 This is a dead draw, but the alternative capture does not offer much either: 1 5 .�xd4 Wfd6 ( 1 5 . . .Wfa6 1 6 .'1Mfe2 �f5 [ 1 6 . . .�e6 1 7 .Wfb2±] 1 7.Wfxc4 bxc4 1 8.bxc4;!;) 1 6.bxc4 �g4 ( 1 6 . . . E:d8 1 7.Wfb3!±) 1 7.c5 Wid? 1 8.f3 �e6 1 9.�xf6 Wfxd 1 20.E:fxd1 gxf6 2 l .Ei:dcl E:ac8 and White's small advantage is likely to evaporate. 1 5 . . . cxb3 1 6.Wfxb6 axb6 1 7.axb3 �e6 1 8.�xb7 E:xa1 1 9 .�xa1 �xb3 20.E:b 1 E:b8 2 l .E:xb3 E:xb7 22.�xf6 gxf6 23.E:b5 Vz-Vz Nogueiras - Psakhis, Szirak 1 986.

12 ..ig5 The programs like 1 2.�e3!?.

12...0-0 13.Wld2 h6? I simply lost sight of White's main threat, to play b2-b4; a terrible lapse, which leads to a bad position, to say the least. a

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267

Chapter 1 3 - Flank Openings The best move might be 1 3 . . . a5!. I was certainly having a bad day, and wrongly discarded this due to 14 ..ixf6 lM'xf6 1 5 .ltlc7, thinking that if I avoided the repetition, White would take his pawn back. But 1 5 ... :§:b8 1 6.lM'xa5?? runs into the obvious 16 ... .ib6. Instead White may meet 1 3 . . . a5! with 1 4.ltlc3 a4 1 5 .:§:ad l h6 1 6 ..ixf6 lM'xf6 1 7.ltle4 lM'b6 1 8.ltlxc5 lM'xc5 1 9.lM'd6 :§:a5. Although White is a pawn down, he is unlikely to lose; but, of course, neither is Black. Even after the simpler 1 3 . . . a6 1 4.ltlc3 .id4 1 5.:§:acl d5 1 6.c5 lM'c6 1 7 ..ixf6 lM'xf6 1 8.ltle2 .if5 1 9.ltlxd4 exd4 20 ..ixd5 :§:ab8 Black seems likely to equalize.

14.Lf6 '1Wxf6 15.b4

18.£4 exf4 1 9.lM'xf4! Faced with the loss of a piece after 1 9 . . . d6 20.h4 lM'xf4 2 1 .ltlxe7t, I resigned.

1-0

Post-game reflections

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15 ....ie7?! I was so taken aback by the reversal of my hopes that I could not switch my mind to putting up maximum resistance. A better attempt at a defence Is: 1 5 ....id4 1 6.ltlxd4 exd4 1 7.:§:ad l d6 1 8.lM'xd4 lM'xd4 1 9.:§:xd4 .ie6t

I6.ti�c7 gbs I7.tbd5

This was certainly not one of my better games, but at least it had some instructional value in showing how not to react to a positional pawn sacrifice by one's opponent. My play was overambitious, I failed to consider my opponent's ideas, and Ian did everything that was needed to punish me.

Mihai Suba - Evgeniy Solozhenkin Berga 1 993

Points to look for in this game: • Black plays too ambitiously - 1 8 ... a5? • A strong manoeuvre - 18 ... ltla7! in the notes • A shock for Black - 1 9.ltleg5!

268

Positional Chess Sacrifices

This game, as well as some instruction, may give the reader a good demonstration of how volatile the concepts of combination and sacrifice are.

l.c4 e5 2.g3 �f6 3.Ag2 d5 4.cxd5 �xd5 5.�c3 �b6 6.�f3 �c6 7.0-0 i.e? 8.a3 0-0 Another line is: 8 . . . a5 9.d3 0-0 1 0 .ie3 il.g4 l l .!!c l !!e8 1 2.!!e l ! il.f8 1 3.ltla4! ltlxa4 14.Wfxa4 id7? (some annotators recommend 1 4 . . .Wfc8!?;!;) 1 5 .Wfb3!± !!e6 ( 1 5 ... !!b8 1 6.ltlg5 Wff6 1 7.id5 !!e7 1 8.il.e4! g6 1 9.id5!+-) 1 6.ltlg5 !!f6 1 7.Wfxb7 !!b8 1 8.Wfa6 ltld4

l l ...Wfd7 Quite logical and solid. Another possibility for Black featured in a later game between the same players: 1 l . . .a5 1 2.b5 ltld4 1 3 .ltld2 idS A well-known pitfall is: 13 . . . ltld5? 1 4.ixd5! ixd5 1 5 .e3

8 7 6

'"OCC,J'"""

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1 9.Wfxa5! ltl b3 20.Wfxe5!+- Suba - Mestel, Beersheba 1 984.

9.b4 i.e6 lO.!!bl f6 l l.d3 8

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Black unexpectedly loses a piece. This has occurred in quite a few games, including Suba - S. Garcia, Malaga 200 1 . 1 4.lt:Jxd5 Or 14.ltlde4!? f5 1 5 .e3;!;. 1 4 ... lt:Jxd5 I'll give the following game in full, as it is quite interesting and was elected "Game of the Month" in France. 1 5 .ib2 a4 1 6.ixd4 exd4 1 7.ixd5t Wfxd5 1 8.Wfcl !!fd8?! 1 9.Wfb2 Wfe6 20.!!fc l !!d7 2 l .ltl f3 Wfd5 22.!!c4 il.c5 23.Wfc2

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a

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269

Chapter 1 3 - Flank Openings White is going to win a pawn. Is this a manoeuvre with backstage tactics, or a combination without a sacrifice? 23 ... b6 24.l:!xa4 l:!e8 25.l:!c4 g5 26.'®a2 @g7 27.l:!c2 '®a8 28.a4 '®a5 29.'®c4 h5 30.h4 g4 3 l .lbe l l:!de7

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47.b8=lLl! This is j ust for fun, of course; 47.'®c8 is a simple win. 47 . . ..ixb8 48.'Wxf6t @h7 49.l:!xb8 l:!e 1 t 50.@g2 '®xb8 5 l .'Wf7t 1 -0 Suba - Solozhenkin, Avoine 1 996.

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32.lbg2! This sham sacrifice ensures that White will prevail. 32 . . . l:!xe2 Or 32 ....id6 33.'®xd4 l:!xe2 34.!!xe2 l:!xe2 35 .lbe3±. 33.l:!xe2 l:!xe2 34.lbf4+- l:!e5 35 .lbe6t @g6 36.lbxc7 36.lbd8 is even stronger. 36 ...'\Wa7 37.'®g8t 'tt> h6 38.lbe6 38.'®f7! l:!f5 39.l:!e l '®xa4 40.lbe6 leads to a quick mate. 38 . . .'\Wh7 39.'®c8 .id6 40.'\Wcl t 'kt>g6 4 l .lbf4t 'kt>h6 42.a5 Or 42.'®c6 '®c7 43.l:!c l +-. 42 . . .bxa5 43.'®c8 l:!e7 44.'\Wc6 .ie5 45 .b6 '®h8 46.b7 '®e8

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12.xf7 1 4 ..ixe6t 'it>xe6 1 5 .'Wb3 t 'it>f6 1 6.'Wf3t 'it>e6 1 7.'Wb3t cj;lf6 1 8.h4 h6 1 9.ig5t hxg5 20.hxg5t 'it>xg5 2 l .'Wg3t 'it>f6 22.'Wf4t 'it>e6 23.l'!xh8 ixh8 24.li'lc7t 'Wxc7 25.'Wxc7± Miles - Hort, London [6] 1 983) 1 2 . . . 'it>xf7 1 3.ixe6t 'it>xe6 1 4.'Wxd4+1 l .tt:'lxd7 'Wxd7 1 2 ..ixe6 fxe6 1 3.'Wxd7t c;t>xd7

1 4.d3 An attempt to rejuvenate the line occurred in Vallejo Pons - Fernandez Romero, Dos Hermanas 2002: 1 4.e5 ig7 1 5 .tt:'le4 b6 1 6.f4 l'!f8 1 7.d4 tt:'lc6 1 8.g3 tt:'lxd4 1 9.c;t>g2 and the obstruction sacrifice had locked in the black bishop for the price of a pawn. White eventually won the game in 50 moves. Unfortunately, this variation has a hole: 1 5 . . . c;t>c6! 1 6.f4 l'!f8 1 7.d4 cxd4 1 8.c;t>e2 c;t>d5 1 9.'it>d3 tt:'ld7-+ with the idea of20 ... ixe5.

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Chapter 1 3 - Flank Openings 1 4 ....tg7 1 5 ..te3 b6 1 6.'iile2 lt::lc6 1 7.E:hc1 E:hf8 1 8.E:ab l �e5 1 9.h3 h5 20.lt::lb 5 .tf4 2 l .E:d 1 e5 22 ..txf4 E:xf4 23. 'it>e3 g5+ Ree - Bohm, Hilversum 1 983.

10.�xc6 bxc6

1 ) If 1 3 . . . h6, White will gain a tempo after .te3 and '1Wd2. 2) In the event of 1 3 . . . h5, the black king is weakened and if Black tries for counterplay with .. .f5, White is assured of a nice outpost on g5. 3) In all other cases, White can push the h-pawn again and say "Thank you!"

13...Y:'fd6 So it was "Thank you!", although I couldn't say it out loud because it's prohibited by the rules - how uneducated all rulers are!

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Against 1 3 . . . h5, which seems the most reasonable of the three options above, White just wins the weak pawn. For example: 14 ..te3 0-0 1 5 .'1Wd2 '1Wd6 1 6.E:cl lt::ld4 1 7.lt::lxc5± However, faced with a choice between losing a pawn and being mated, Jesus Maria opted for the latter!

The right move order. After 1 1 .d3 lt:Jd4 1 2 ..te3 e5 1 3 .E:c l �d6 Black succeeded in equalizing in Volzhin - Vakhidov, Abu Dhabi 200 1 .

Now the undeveloped rook on h 1 gets fantastic play... on its own file.

l l . g6 12.d3 .tg7 13.h4!

14 ... c!Lld4 15 ..te3 .te6 16.E:cl E:d8

•.

14.h5

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This advance of the rook's pawn has three different ideas, depending on the answer:

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17.b3 White could opt for simplifications with 1 7.lt::lxc5 'IWxcS 1 8 .�xe6 Wb5 1 9 ..tc4 Wxb2

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20Jl:b 1 Wfc2 2 l .Wfxc2 tt:lxc2 22.j,c i , when he keeps a significant advantage in the endgame. But understandably, I hoped for more.

24.'1Wh4

17 ... 0-0 18.hxg6 hxg6 19.ltlxc5 Y*fxc5 20.i.xe6 '!Wa3 21.i.c4 '!Wxa2

24 '1Wb2

Black has recovered his pawn, but now his queen is far from the kingside, where her consort is in need of defence.

The threat is obvious: 25 .j,g5 followed by 26.j,f6. •..

Still hoping to resist for a few more moves after 25 .j,g5 tt:lc2.

22.'1Wg4! The signal for a tremendous attack; White threatens 23.Wfxg6.

22 e6 ••.

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25.i.cl!

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After this zwischenzug, the black queen cannot simultaneously control the two diagonals a l -h8 and a3-f8. 25 . . . Wa2 26.j,g5 is crushing, so Black resigned.

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Post-game reflections

23J3e1! Preparing to threaten mate without allowing a check on e2.

23.. J3fe8 23 ... tt:lc2 doesn't help either: 24.j,c5! tt:lxe l (24 ... Wa5 25.b4!) 25.W/h4 and mate is inevitable. To avoid mate, Black must play 23 ...Wa5 24.W/h4 Wfh5, but after 25 .Wfxh5 gxh5 26J3xh5 tt:lc2 27.Ek l tt:lxe3t 28.fxe3 E!:d7 29.'it>e2 E!:fd8 30.E!:c5 E!:c7 3 I .d4 j,f8 32.E!:g5t j,g7 33.E!:fl White has a decisive advantage.

As I mentioned in the introductory comments, this game did not feature any true sacrifices, although the games in the accompanying notes offered plenty of relevant subject matter. The game did feature a sacrifice of sorts, as Black allowed his queenside pawn structure to be ruined. No doubt he was hoping to obtain compensation in the form of active piece play, but this turned out to be an illusion. The exploitation of Black's error took on a rather unexpected form, as White used the c-pawns as something of a distraction in order to facilitate the more serious business of checkmating the enemy king, and the plan worked to perfection.

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Chapter 1 3 - Flank Openings

The Hedgehog This modern defence looked unplayable just fifty years ago. Its acceptance today signifies one stepping stone towards a better chess understanding. The two games in this section have the same player as Black and reach an identical position after 1 1 moves. From there, the variation splits into two very different speculative sacrifices. One possible reason for my choice of these two games is that I'm running out of mottos, and the following one fits them both!

Castle early and often - Rob Sillars

Ulf Andersson - Alon Greenfeld

The same position had been reached a couple of times prior to this game, and Black was able to hold a draw on both occasions. This time however, White found a way to pose serious problems.

12.b4! Initiating favourable complications. In fact this is not the only promising continuation, as we will see in the next game.

12 .if6? .••

How many times can one hear that running after material before finishing development is a risky business? Black should keep calm and play: 12 . . . a6! 1 3.bxc5 bxc5 1 4.tt:Jxd6t Wxd6 1 5 .Wxd6lLlxd6 1 6.ltld2 .ixg2 1 7.�xg2 0-0t

Thessaloniki Olympiad 1988

13.YBe3 hal 14.bxc5

Points to look for in this game: • White seizes a tactical opportunity - 1 2.b4! • Black falters under pressure - 14 . . . bxc5? • White breaks through - 1 9.ltlxf7!

l.c4 c!iJf6 V�f3 c5 3.c!iJc3 e6 4.g3 b6 5 ..ig2 .ib7 6.0-0 .ie7 7.d4 cxd4 8.¥Nxd4 d6 9.b3 c!iJbd7 lO.c!iJb5 c!lJc5 l l J�dl c!lJfe4

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14...bxc5? Also bad is: 14 . . . 0-0? 1 5 .ltlg5! lt:lxf2 1 6.Wxf2 .ixg2 1 7.Wxg2 h6 1 8.lt:le4 a6 1 9.lt:lbxd6 bxc5 20 ..ie3 .id4 2 1 ..ixd4 cxd4 22.l'!xd4 WaS 23.Wf3 Wxa2 24.lt:lf6t 'iifh 8 25.ltlxf7t 1 -0 W. Schmidt - Zaichik, Polanica Zdroj 1 989. a

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Under the circumstances, the best defence is 1 4 . . . d5. For example: 1 5 ..ia3 bxc5 ( 1 5 ....if6

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

1 6.cxd5 .ixd5 1 7.tt:le5 .ixe5 18 ..ixe4+-) 1 6.cxd5 a6 1 7.tt:lc7t Vf:Ixc7 1 8.Vflxe4 .if6 1 9.Vfla4t Vfld7 20.Vflxd7t 'it>xd7 2 l .dxe6t±

Surprisingly Greenfeld was not to be deterred, and a couple ofyears later he followed the same path again.

15.ll::J g5 �d4 16.ll::Jxd4 cxd4 17J:hd4 ll::J c5 18.bb7 ll::Jxb7

Viktor Korchnoi - Alon Greenfeld Beersheba I 990

l.c4 ll::Jf6 2.l£1c3 c5 3.l£1f3 e6 4.g3 b6 5 ..ig2 .ib7 6.0-0 �e7 7.b3 d6 8.d4 cxd4 9.�xd4 �bd7 lO.l£1b5 ll::J c5 l l.gdl l£1fe4

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19.l£1xf7! The sting in the tail of the combination. White gets a pawn for the sacrificed exchange, and more importantly, the safety of the black king is severely compromised.

19 ... 'it>xf7 20.�f3t 'it>g8 The rook on h8 is pathetic and White is effectively playing a piece up. It is no wonder that the game is soon over.

2l .�xb7 gbs 22.�e4 'it>f7 23.�a3 �f6 24.hd6 gbl t 25. 'it>g2 ges 26.�e5 �f5 27.�e3 g5 28.h4 h6 29.g4 1-0 Post-game reflections Ulf Andersson is justifiably revered as a master strategist and endgame technician, but here he proved that he was far from a slouch in other areas, and the way he exploited his dynamic advantages in this game would be the envy of any great attacking player.

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In 1 988 I was on the panel of the "Beat the Masters" series in Pergamon Chess, when the editor Paul Lamford offered the above position for debate. To my shame, I suggested the insipid 1 2.Vfle3. On the same panel, my imaginative friend Jim Plaskett analysed the sacrifice presented below. Perhaps Korchnoi got his hands on Plaskett's analysis.

12.�xg7! In absolute value, this might not be better than Andersson's 1 2.b4!, but the intricacies of this rook sacrifice are a lot more complex.

12 ... if6 l3.�h6 hal 14.ll::J g5! Plaskett believed that this move led to a forced win, meaning that the rook sacrifice was not "speculative". But it turns out that against best defence White can achieve only an

277

Chapter 1 3 - Flank Openings edge, as was the case with Andersson's sacrifice in the previous game. Nevertheless, perfect defence is very difficult to find over the board, and so a speculative sacrifice, as well as having psychological value, gives a serious plus to the attacker due to its depth.

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1 9.'Wh5! This improves on 1 9.'Wxf6, though that should also suffice: 1 9 . . .�xf6 20.ltle4 �g7 2 I .ltlxd6t 'kt>e7 22.c6 �e5 23.�a3 �xd6 24.1:'!:xd6 l:'!:hc8 25 .1:'!:d7t and White had a winning endgame in Tsesarsky - Greenfeld, Givatayim 1 997, although he later went wrong and lost. I cannot imagine what tempted Alon to venture again into this mess. 1 9 ... dxc5 1 9 . . .'Wf5 20.cxd6 0-0 2 1 .g4 'Wg6 22.'Wxg6t hxg6 23.ltle4 �e5 24.f4+20.ltle4 'Wg6 2 I .'Wf3 �e5

15.b4!? Also interesting here is: 1 5.f4 �f6 ( 1 5 . . .'Wf6 1 6.'Wxf6 �xf6 1 7.ltlxe4 ltlxe4 1 8.�xe4 �xe4 1 9.ltlxd6t 'kfif8 20.ltlxe4 l:'!:d8;!;) 1 6.ltlxe4 �xe4 1 7.b4 �xg2 1 8.bxc5 �e4 1 9.ltlxd6t 'kt>e7 20.c6 b5 2 l .c7 'Wxc7 22.ltlxe4 1-0 Petursson - Akesson, Stockholm 1 99 1 .

15 ...�£6 Alternatives are no better. It would be possible to fill several pages covering the numerous branches, but I will limit myself to a couple of illustrative lines: 1 5 . . . ltlxg5 1 6.�xg5 'Wd7 1 7.bxc5 d5 1 8.ltld6t �xd6 1 9.cxd6 'Wxd6 20.cxd5 l:'!:g8 2 I .�f4+1 5 . . . ltlc3 1 6.ltlxc3 1 8.xg2 'Wf6

�xg2

1 7.bxc5

�xc3

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22.ltld6t 'kt>e7 23.�g5t! White wins.

16.�xf6 �x£6 17.f4! Even without queens on the board, Black still faces a barrage of tactics.

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17 ...Lg2 18.fxe5 dxe5 19.bxc5 .ic6

22..ib2 22.l:'!d8t g7

By this point, Viktor was in acute time pressure. Giving back the exchange was still good: 32 . . .gfg 33.j,xf8t Wfxf8 34.Wfe5t Wff6 35.Wfc7t h5 37 ..ixg7 '1Wxg7 38.'1Wd8 g5 39.'1Wxa5+d) 33 ...a4 34 ..id4 E!f8 35 .'1Wxb7 E!f7 36.'\Wa6 '\Wd6 37 . .ixb6 E!f6 38 ..ic5 '1Wxa6 39 ..ixa6 \t>g7 40 ..id4 a3 4 l ..ib7 \t>f7 42 ..id5t .ixd5 43 ..ixf6± 34 ..id4 .if3t 35 .\t>h2 Wfe7 36 . .ixb6 E!f8 37.'1Wa7 E!c8 38 ..id4 E!cl 39.lLlg2 f4 40.'1Wxa5 fxg3t 4 l .fxg3 '1Wc7 42.'\Wb4 E!c2 43 ..ifl '\Wf7 44 ..ie5 \t>h5 45 ..if4 \t>g4 46.'\Wd4=

33 Wid6 ...

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38.g4! Not 38.'\Wxf7 lLl f6-+. 38 . . .'1Wg7 39 ..id4 '1Wf8 40.g5t 'it>h5 4 1 .'1We5 '\Wd8 42.'1Wg3 ll'lxe3! 43.fxe3 '1Wc7 44 ..ia4= Believe it or not, the strongest move was actually: 33.'1Wb8!! a

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Chapter 1 4 - Pawn Sacrifices

34.ttlh3? Too late! The last chance was 34.'Wh8 'Wf8 35.'We5 'We? 36.'Wb8+. Now the game is over.

34..JU�! 35 ..ie5 �xeS 36 ..ixd6 �c8 37.ttlg5 cj;lg7 38.g4 a4 39.gxf5 0-1 Post-game reflections This was a true fighting game, with both players spurning drawing opportunities in the pursuit of victory. Having misplayed the early middlegame (as shown in the previous chapter) , White's material sacrifices brought about an unclear situation, and the subsequent pawn sacrifice 28.b6! helped to increase his initiative by activating another attacking piece. For a while it looked like any result was possible, but finally I succumbed and lost out to the living legend.

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Chapter 15

Exchange Sacrifices A sacrifice of the exchange happens when one player exchanges a rook for a minor piece of his opponent. Such a procedure, when voluntary, is frequently used to ruin the opponent's pawn structure, especially next to his king. For instance, in many Sicilians, Black plays .. .!!xc3. The exchange sacrifice is also frequently used to establish a minor piece on a strong square (possibly threatening the opponent's king). But as well as these exchange sacrifices associated with attacking the opponent's king, there are many other types. You may employ an exchange sacrifice to improve your own pawn structure (for instance to create two connected passed pawns, or even just one strong passed pawn); to gain time for development; to take over (or avoid losing) the initiative; to neutralize the opponent's initiative; to create a strong blockade, etc. The exchange sacrifice has its own particular features. In the early phase of the middlegame the board can be densely populated, and the rook may not be as effective as a well-placed knight or a raking bishop. Because of this, the exchange sacrifice often occurs between the 20th and 30th moves. The relative importance of the pieces can vary greatly when compared with the standard value in points, and by sacrificing you are taking advantage of this

fluctuation of values which affects most pieces during the progress of the game. Another use of the exchange sacrifice is to amplify the influence of your minor pieces, by eliminating the opposition of the corresponding pieces of the other side. In this book, we shall focus especially on those sacrifices pursuing long-term positional objectives. Tigran Petrosian, the World Champion between 1 963 and 1 969, was well known for his creative use of this weapon. Once, when asked about his favourite piece, half joking, half seriously, he answered: "The rook, because I can sacrifice it for minor pieces!" Positional (or intuitive) exchange sacrifices are those where the direct material compensation does not exceed one or two pawns, and where an attack cannot be proved to be winning within the game situation, even if it might be predicted that it is. A sharp distinction between a true and a sham exchange sacrifice is even more difficult. For instance, 22.Ei:xc6! in the game Suba - Sznapik (see page 298), can hardly be called a true sacrifice with respect to material, because White gets two pawns immediately. It is positional, as it destroys the opponent's structure, including an ominous

Chapter 1 5

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287

Exchange Sacrifices

weakening of the enemy king, and ensures the active bishop pair. It does not need too much explanation or calculation; you can see with the naked eye that this is a winning combination.

The value of the exchange The advantage of the exchange is something known by all chess players, and its intricacies have been the subject of theoretical debates for over a century. Siegbert Tarrasch estimated its value at one and a half pawns in the endgame, but not for the opening or first part of the middlegame. That is generally accepted today, but other theoreticians, such as Jacob Sarratt, Howard Staunton and Jose Capablanca, thought that the exchange is worth approximately two pawns. Tigran Petrosian's opinion was that one pawn is the correct value. Wilhelm Steinitz said that the rook is a worth slightly more than a knight and two pawns, but slightly less than a bishop and two pawns. Cecil Purdy said that the value also depends on the number of pawns left on the board. Statistical research by computer establishes the average value as 1 % pawns, but only 1 l!i pawns if the player with the minor piece has the two bishops. Adding the better cooperation of the rook with the bishops, many Soviet theoreticians believed that, in active positions, rook and two bishops outperform two rooks and a knight. Hans Berliner sets the difference between rook and knight at 1 .9 pawns and the difference between rook and bishop at 1 . 77 pawns. In practice, one pawn may be sufficient compensation for the loss of exchange, while two pawns almost always are.

Who is right? First of all, we do not have half pawns, never mind quarters. And Berliner's value is too precise to be true! We are not interested in average values. During his life, a chess player

may play hundreds or thousands of games, while statistical values stabilize after millions of samples. The weight of the exchange depends very much on the phase of the game and the character of the position. In the endgame, it tends to go up, except in cases when there are no pawns; but there are various known positions (and perhaps others unknown) where rook and pawn do not win against a minor piece. There was a rumour in the past that rook and bishop win against bishop and knight, even without pawns, given the condition that the bishops are opposite­ coloured. This is confirmed today by the Nalimov tablebases. In the middlegame, other things being equal, the advantage of the exchange is normally sufficient to win the game. In closed and stable positions, the value of the exchange diminishes. Petrosian should have said: "In the positions that I play habitually, the exchange is not worth more than a pawn." The following position gives a good example of an exchange sacrifice with the purpose of simplifying to a winning endgame.

Alexander Tolush Mikhail Botvinnik -

USSR Championship, Moscow 1945

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21 ...E:xd6!

26 E:h4!

Botvinnik commented "Without his good bishop, White cannot prevent the exploitation of Black's pawn superiority on the queenside."

"With this manoeuvre Black parries the transfer of the white rook to f3 and, in addition, prepares to advance his pawn to b4, which, in conjunction with the attack on the d-pawn, becomes decisive." - Botvinnik.

..•

In this position, the exchange sacrifice improves Black's pawn structure, while damaging the opponent's. It also facilitates the exchange of the queens, leaving the opponent without counterplay; therefore it will best fit into the simplifYing type. How logical and easy chess seems at the hands of Botvinnik! We should consider it a positional sacrifice, but not really a pure one. Although it doesn't win any additional material, Black is already a pawn up and the resulting d6-pawn does not have much to say in the following fight. Some readers might think, "On the contrary, it's a negative pawn." And they would be right.

27.E:e3 E:f4 Not 27 ...W'f4? 28.E:f3 '.Wxg3 29.E:xf7t 'tt> xd6 30.fxg3.

28 .ie2 Wl'h4 29..if3 b4! 30.Wfxh4 E:xh4 3 1.g3?! •

A more resilient defence was 3 l .cxb4 axb4 32.E:b l E:xd4 33.E:xb4+.

22.exd6 .ic6! 23.h3 �d7! The meticulous Botvinnik becomes an artist when he annotates: "Also possible is 23 . . .W'h4 24.W'e5 '.Wf6 25.W'xf6 gxf6 26.E:xa4 bxa4 27.l'!b8t 'tt> d7 28.E:xh8 a3-+."

24.E:el Wl'h4 25.WI'e5 Wff6 26.WI'g3 Understandably, Tolush does not exchange queens, but he cannot avoid it for long.

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31...E:h8! Botvinnik does not waste time on the irrelevant h3-pawn, and instead hurries his rook back towards the queenside where it will support the queenside pawns. The rest is easy and doesn't require comments.

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32.cxb4 axb4 33.E:bl E:bs 34.h4 E:b7 35.�h2 �xd6 36.g4 l£lc3 37.E:al tl::J b5! 38.E:dl E:a7 39.h5 g5 40.�g2 E:a2 4I..ie2

4 3

This last move was sealed, but Tolush didn't find any saving resources, and resigned without resuming play.

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Chapter 1 5 - Exchange Sacrifices

Post-game reflections The logic of Botvinnik's exchange sacrifice in this game was crystal dear. Still, the way he organized his position afterwards was deeply impressive. 23 .. .'it>d7! was a fine move, and later the . . . 1"1:h4-f4 manoeuvre was a splendid way ro combine prophylaxis along the f-file with lateral pressure against the d4-pawn. White had one chance to offer further resistance on move 3 1 , and once he missed it the game was as good as over. The next example is one of the most frequently quoted in manuals when it comes ro positional sacrifices and the blockade; therefore I shall not insist on analysing the play too deeply. Great chess authors like Bronstein , Tal and Petrosian himself, did not spare time or ink explaining it. I shall just let the reader know that Petrosian was the youngest participant in the Candidates rournament in Zurich 1 953, and that Tigran Vartanovich had somewhere confessed that his first chess book was one by Nimzowitsch.

Samuel Reshevsky - Tigran Petrosian

"Smart play by Reshevsky and the iron logic of Petrosian made this game one of the jewels of the rournament in Switzerland. Black needs ro block the white pawns in the centre by l?J e7 and l?Jd5. The pawn which appears on e6 will strengthen the d5-square, while the bishop, in the absence of its white counterpart, becomes stronger too." - Bronstein.

26.a4! Many commentarors suggested 26.h4 as an alternative, with the possible continuation 26 . . .i.d3 27.h5 l?Je7 28.1"1:g3, but they consistently avoided giving an evaluation. I think that Reshevsky's move, aiming to fracture Black's pawn majority and possibly revive the b2-bishop, is the most appropriate in this position.

26 ... tLle7 27.he6 White has nothing better than accepting the offer, as the knight is heading for d5 regardless.

27...fxe6 28.WI'fl Safer than 28.'1Wf2 l?Jd5 29.1"1:f3 b4.

Zurich 19 53

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25 ..J�e6! "This representative position, one of the most well-known, became didactic" - Petrosian.

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The knight justifies all the money of the investment, and White must be careful. Even the greediest programs today acknowledge

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the equality on the board. I do not wish to spend time recycling the many other insightful comments that have been made on this famous game, so I will end the coverage here. The game ended in a draw after 4 1 moves.

19 .ib5 ...

Black's aim in this position should not be to win the exchange, but to sacrifice it for any of the three white minor pieces which are collaborating in a devilish manner. With this in mind, it is better to play: 1 9 .. J::!:e 5!

Post-game reflections There is not much more to say about this game, as Petrosian's exchange sacrifice and the magnificent black knight on d5 speak for themselves. Credit should also go to Reshevsky for adapting to the situation and doing what was needed to draw the game, rather than becoming yet another victim of the Tiger's favourite weapon.

Rashid Nezhmetdinov - Oleg Chemikov Rostov-on-Don 1 962

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20.j,c3 (20.:1'hf6 and 20.i0xf6 are both met by 20 ...j,e6) 20 .. .'Wd8 2 l .i0xf6 j,e6 22.j,xe6 E!:xe6 23.lt:lxh7t E!:e5 24.E!:d 1 V!fe7 25.i0f6 E!:c8 26.i0d5 V!fh4 27.E!:e3 E!:xc3! 28.lt:lxc3 V!fd8 29.E!:ed3 V!fb6=

20 .ic3 Wfds

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It is more accurate to play 20 . . . V!fa6, when I analysed the following line: 2 1 .lt:l c7 V!fc6 22.lt:lxe6t fxe6 23.E!:xf6 j,xfl 24.j,xe6 j,c4 Black has a huge material advantage but his king is in considerable danger. The correct result should be a draw as follows:

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We continue this game from page 1 22. You may remember that White made a spectacular sacrifice of queen for two pieces in the opening. As with the other games included in this section, we are not too concerned with the winner's brilliant play, preferring to focus on the exchange sacrifices which could have saved a difficult position, but remained backstage.

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25.E!:f4t 'tt> h6 26.E!:h4t 'tt>g 5 27.g3 E!:f8 28.f4t

29 1

Chapter 1 5 - Exchange Sacrifices l'!xf4 29.1'!xf4 WieSt 30.'tt> g2 i.xe6 3 l .i.f6t �h6 32.1'!h4t '.1Nh5=

26.lt:lxh5 '.1Nb6t 27.1'!f2 gxh5 28.1'!g3 l'!c8 29.i.g7t 'tt> e7 30.e5 'tt> d7 3 l .h4 i.c4;!;

2l.ttlxf6 .ie2?

25.�xfl l'!c8 26.i.d4 b5 27.ttlg5 l'!c7 28.Lf'7t �xf7

Black can still hold with 2 1 . . .1'!c8, for example: 22.lt:le8t �g8 23.ixe6 fxe6 24.lt:lf6t 'tt> g7 25.1'!d l l'!xc3 26.bxc3 '.1Na5 27.1'!xd6 '.1Na3 28.1'!d l i.e2 29.1'!d7t �f8 30.lt:lxh7t �e8 and White has to take the perpetual check.

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29.�h8t!

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White finishes this brave and somewhat speculative game in grand style.

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22.ttlxh7t! �g8 23.1'!h3 White is not immune from going wrong. Here he misses an outright win: 23.lt:lf6t! �f8 24.1'!h3 l'!xf6 25.1'!h8t �e7 26.1'!xd8 l'!xd8 27.1'!e l +-

23... 1'!e5 24.f4 Lfi? After this, White's advantage once more becomes decisive. The last chance was: 24 . . . 1'!h5 25.lt:lf6t 'tt> f8

29 ... �xh8 30)[jxf7t �h7 3l.ttlxd8 �xe4 32.llJc6 �xf4t 33.�e2 1-0 Post-game reflections This rather wild game contained numerous inaccuracies, which reflects the difficulty of handling positions with such an irrational material distribution. Often the best way to extinguish the opponent's initiative is to return a portion of the material that has been sacrificed, and we saw a clear example of that on move 1 9 .

Lajos Portisch -Vastly Smyslov Moscow 1 967

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We join the game at move 29. Earlier White had given up a pawn for questionable play,

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and his position remained somewhat worse. Faithful to his style of always attacking things, Portisch has just played 29.ia2-d5?!. By contrast, I am quite sure that Nimzowitsch would have played 29.tt:ld3! in a fraction of a second, after which White's position would not have been so bad.

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32.'Wxc6 bxc6 33.E:edl?! A passed pawn on the seventh is worth more than a mere exchange, so White should play 33.tt:lxd3 ixe l 34.E:xe l E:d8+ and try to hold the endgame a pawn down.

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29... d3! As in the first game in this chapter, the aim of the exchange sacrifice is to simplifY to a better endgame. This time however, a few more tactics are involved.

30.hc6

35 .. J3b8 36.ltJe2 hb2 37.�£3 E:b3t 38.�f4 lbd6 39.E:xd2

30.tt:lxd3 is well met by 30 .. J:l:d6 3 l .ixe4 fxe4 32.'1Mfxe4 E:xd3 33.'Wxd3 ixf2t when Black will have an extra pawn in the ending.

Probably in time pressure, White allows a mate. 39.h4 c5 40.E:xd2 (40.h5 tt:lc4) 40 . . . g5t is also hopeless.

30....ixflt 3l.�hl

39...g5#

After 3 1 . 'i!ig2 . . .'Wxb2t.

ixe 1

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threatens

3 l ...'Wxc6?! Much stronger is 3 1 ...tt:lc5!, for example: 32.E:e6 'Wxb2 33.'\Wd l tt:lxe6 34.tt:lxd3 'Wf6 35.E:a2 E:d8 36.E:xf2 bxc6 37.'\Wfl 'Wd4 38.'We2 tt:lg5-+ But Vasily Vasilyevich could not betray his true love - the endgame.

Post-game reflections Sometimes when you have a slight material advantage, the best way to convert it is ... sacrificing it back! In the above case, Black sacrificed an exchange in order to turn his extra passed d-pawn into a monster, supported by his well centralized minor pieces. Just as with so many examples throughout the book, White could have eased his defensive task by

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Chapter 1 5 - Exchange Sacrifices throwing away the metaphorical hot potato of the extra material, but the moment passed and he quickly collapsed. ''fin better, I don't see how you can win! " Romanian chess idiom

also known by the nickname "Iron Tigran", resided in manoeuvring and prophylactic play. In these areas his abilities exceeded even those of Capablanca and Nimzowitsch.

-

Lajos Portisch - Tigran Petrosian San Antonio 1 972

The theme of the sacrifice in this game will be the radical change of the position, featuring obstruction, improving the pawn structure and blockade. As a treat, I have inserted some of Petrosian's own comments, including an insight into the psychology of the game.

Next he explains: "The natural order of moves would be 24.:!::1e l followed by if4 or ig5, depending on Black's reaction, in order to exert lasting pressure, which could increase with every step." To add more dramatic character to his situation, Petrosian is exaggerating the static factors and disregarding dynamic ones. In fact the e-pawn will advance in any case, and the knight on c6 is both strong and weak at the same time. It is strongly protected, but not very close to the theatre of war. Here are some possible continuations: 24.Eie l e5 25.dxe6 fxe6 26.ltk3 ltJe5 27.ltJxe5 ixe5 28.ixb7 ltJxb7 29.ltJe2 ltJc5 30.h3 Elf7 3 l .Eic2t 24.'1Wd2 e5 25.dxe6 fxe6 26.if4 This attempt to put pressure on the d6-pawn fails. 26 . . . ltJ d3 27.ig3? Elxf3! with excellent play for Black. 24.g3 e6 25 .dxe6 fxe6 26.if4?!

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Petrosian makes the following evaluation: "White has an obvious positional advantage. Black has a backward pawn on e7, White has a strong knight on c6. The usual method for White is to organize rook pressure along the e-file, to force ... e6/e5. After exchanging on e6, Black will then have other problems. Without hurrying, White can increase his positional advantage through positional transformations." It would be interesting to understand what positional transformations means for Petrosian. The true strength of the "Tiger of Yerevan",

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26 . . . Eixf4! Another true exchange sacrifice, this time with an aggressive character. 27.gxf4 Elf8 28.ltJe7t �h8 29.ixb7 ltJxb7 30.Wff3 ltJdc5 3 1 .ltJc6 ih6 32.Eicdl ixf4 33. f8 29.'Wxd5 lLle7 (29 ...g6 30.lLle6t 'tt>e7 3 I .:B:b l :B:a7 32.'Wd6t 'tt>f7 33.:B:b8+-) 30.'Wf3t 'tt>g8 3 I .'Wb3t 'tt> f8 32.lLle6t 25 ... lLle7 leads to a prosaic endgame: 26.lLlgxe6t fXe6 27.lLlxe6t 'i!ig8 28.lLlxd8 lLl xc6 29.lLlxc6 'i!if7 30.:B:b 1 :B:hc8 3 I .:B:b7t 'i!if8 32.lLlb4+-

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25.'\Wxe6!! This beautiful sham queen sacrifice leads by force to a winning endgame.

25 fxe6 26.�hg6t YlYxg6 •..

26 . . . 'i!if7? 27.lLlxh8t 'i!ifs 28.lLlfg6t+-

27.�xg6t �e8 28.�xh8 ga4 29JM1 �e7 30.J.xe7 �xe7 31.�g6t �fl 32.�f4?! Played a bit hastily, probably due to time pressure. A simpler route to victory is 32.lLlh4! i.xe5 33.dxe5 :B:xh4 34.f4!, because the pawn endgame after 34 . . . :B:xf4 35.:B:fl is easily won.

32 J.xe5 33.dxe5 �hf4 .••

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26.lLlg6t!! :B:xg6 27.lLlh7t 'tt> e7 28.:B:b l :B:a7 29.'Wd6t 'Wxd6 30.exd6t 'i!id7 3 l .:!'!b8 'i!ic6 3 1 ... lLl f6 32.lLlf8t 'i!ic6 33.:B:b6# 32.lLlf8 Threatening mate in one. 32 ...:B:b7 33.:B:c8t+-

24.c!bh4! YlYe8 24 ... lLle7 would make little difference: 25.lLlxe6t! fXe6 26.'Wxe6 i.d8 27.i.xe7t i.xe7 28.lLlg6t 'tt> e8 29.'Wc6t 'i!id8 30.lLlxh8+-

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34J�d! �e8 3S.c6 �d8 36.c7t �c8 37.g3 �a4 Against 37 . . . �f5 , Geller demonstrated an elegant win: 38.f4 g5 39.a4! gxf4 40.a5 fxg3 4 l .a6! gxh2t 42.hl :!'i:f2 43.:!'i:a l +-

The theme of the next game is destroying the king's shelter. The strategic errors in the opening, which led Black to this disaster, are explained in my book Dynamic Chess

Strategy.

38.�c6 �xa2 39.�xe6 gS 40.�d6 �d2 4I.e6 �xc7 42.e7

Mihai Suba - Aleksander Sznapik

Now the forced 42 . . . . :!'i:e2 43.:!'i:xd5 :!'i:xe7 44.:!'i:xg5 leads to a trivial endgame, so Karpov resigned.

Warsaw 1 987

1-0

Post-game reflections In this game Geller gave a quite masterful demonstration of how to win a won game. After just twenty moves he had obtained a bigger advantage than one could dream possible against a reigning World Champion, but the expectation of success brings with it considerable pressure. Having already won a pawn, it would have been tempting for him to play patiently with a view to converting his material advantage in the endgame. Perhaps this approach would have sufficed, but it would also have given Karpov the chance to put his legendary defensive skills to use. Instead of following this path Geller struck quickly, and made the most of his dynamic advantages. Simply put, he played the best moves! There is a school of thought which states that when you have a winning position, you should strive to avoid taking risks, even if it means playing technically substandard moves. "Better to win slowly but surely, rather than jeopardize victory with a risky attempt to win quickly!" This is fine in some situations, but we should also take care not to grant our opponents too much breathing space. If you find yourself undecided about which approach to take, then you are probably better off playing the move you believe to be objectively strongest. Geller certainly did not regret it here.

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I suggest that the reader look at the above position, with all pieces on the board. And now look at the diagram after the 28th move. The metamorphosis is impressive; it took only half a dozen moves to complete the harvest, and everything was almost forced!

22.�xc6! This exchange sacrifice mltlates the combination. For an experienced player it comes naturally to the hand (being like the sacrifice on c3 in the Sicilian). Never mind that it is not against a king that has castled long; the damage produced can be compared with that of a bomb.

22... bxc6 23.�xe5 .L:eS 24.i.xe5t �h7 2S.tihc7 �d8 26.�xd8 �xd8 27.lLlxe6 Wfxe6 28.i.b2 The sequence has resulted in a winning position. The rest is simple technique.

Chapter 1 5 - Exchange Sacrifices

299

Nigel Short -Jan Timman Tilburg 199 1

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28 ... lL!e7 29.!g4 �f7 30.�xa7 g8 and in spite of Black's small advantage in structure, the most probable outcome is a draw.

Or 34.fxe4 .ixf2 35.Ei:xf2 Wxe4t 36.\t>g l tt::l f4-+. The rest is simple.

34...Lf2 35.�xg6t hxg6 36.Lf2 �e2 37.i>g2 �xb2 38.c!Llc4 �b4 39.llJxd6 c4 40 ..ie3 llJf6 0-1 Post-game reflections Black's exchange sacrifice was a natural step which requires little explanation. The key moment came at move 30 when White went astray, but the surprising 30.tt::l c 8! would have

19.Wf3 Accepting the offer. The alternative was 1 9.tt::l f4 .ib7, with a complex position in which Black's chances are at least not worse.

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28 .. J::ic8

19 Wfxe5 20.Wfxa8 Wfc7 2l.Wfc6 •..

Now Black completely takes over.

29.c;t>bl gxc4 30.tt'lgl gc5 3l.g3 ga5! 32.Wfd3 ttlg6 33.�b3 Wfd6 34.gc2

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2l...Wfb8! Much better than exchanging. Black now threatens to win a piece with . . . a6 followed by ...id7.

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34 e4! .•.

22.Wff3 �b7 23.Wfa3t The best chance is 23.ic6 ixc6 24.Wfxc6 'ii>e7+.

Black's position was winning anyway; this is just the execution.

35.Wfc4 23 ...c;t>gs 24.f3 g5 24 . . . e5!? might be better.

3 5.fxe4 tt'le5 is murderous.

35 tt'le5 36.Wfc7 Wfb4 37.gdl �d5 38.�xd5 gxd5 39.fxe4 tt'lxe4 40.a3 Wfb5 4l.c;t>a2 d3 42.gccl d2 43.gc2 tt'ld3 44.gcxd2 gc5 45.Wfd8 Wfc4t 46.b3 ttlc3t 47.c;t>al .•.

25.�a4 e5 25 . . . Wfc7!? is judged the most precise by the programs, but I am not so sure. IfWhite is able to gain activiry, as he does in the note to move 28 below, the queen may be poorly placed on c7.

26J::ihel c;t>g7 27.�c2 tt'lh4 Black has a strong grip on the position. Lacking open files, the white rooks are no better than the minor pieces, while the knight on h3 does not adorn White's scenery.

28J::i d2? The last possibiliry to make waves was 28.f4! exf4 29.g3 lt:l f3 30.:1l:e7+ with the threat of 3 l .Wfd3.

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Chapter 1 5 - Exchange Sacrifices

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0-1

29 ... e4 was still best, but Gata prefers to abandon his structure on the kingside instead of conceding the a-file.

Post-game reflections

30.Lg6! fxg6 3l.c4

47 J�a5! •.

A nice finish by Chucky.

This was a true heavyweight battle between two of the greatest and most original players in modern chess. It is quite easy to see the logic behind lvanchuk's exchange sacrifice, but the way he kept control in such a tense position was highly impressive. Even so, Shirov had a brief window of opportunity with 28.f4!, a pawn sacrifice which would have given him real counterplay. Alas he missed his chance and Chucky broke through mercilessly.

The tension is increasing and White has a nice initiative.

Alexey Dreev Gata Kamsky -

Pavlodar 1 9 87

The correct defence was: 3 l . . . tt:l e4 32.d6! cxd6 33.tt:ld5;!;

32.axb5 tlJe4 33.bxa6 tiJc3 34.Wfa3 tlJxdl 35.�xdl White has been allowed to win two pawnsfor the exchange (this is the correct way of putting a

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We continue this game from page 33. White has just played 28.j,a2-b 1 , taking control of f5 and preparing a rook invasion along the a-file.

28 J!�a8?! •.

Kamsky begins to go astray. 28 . . . e4! was mandatory, for example: 29.axb5 axb5 30J:!:a6 �e8=

29.Wfa2 Wfe8

it, according to Rudolf Spielmann), along with positional advantages which soon lead to Black's ruin. White now has a substantial and well-advanced infantry on the queenside, while the mutilated black majority on the kingside does not offer enough counterplay. The rest is quite simple and does not require any comment.

35 Wff6 36.b5 g5 37.hxg5 Wfxg5 38.d6 h4 39.hb4 Wfxh4 40.dxc7 gf8 4l.g3 Wff6 42.�d2 d2 �h5 24.'1Mfxg3 Black has enough play for the pawns. 1 9 ... tt:lxe2 20.�xe2 'lM!gl t 2 l .�fl '1Mfe3t 22.�e2 'lMfgl t With a draw by repetition.

17...hf5

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We continue this game from page 238. We shall see that the Serbian player missed the chance to save his wobbling position with an exchange sacrifice at one point.

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IS.V;Yd2? 16 V;Yb6 17.exf5?! •.•

After this, White is in real danger. His best option was:

Also bad is 1 8.�d3? �xd3 1 9.'1Mfxd3 e4 20.fxe4 tt:le5 2 1 .'1Mfe3 tt:lf3t 22.fl l0 e3t 29.'it>e I l0f4, three different mates in one are threatened, so White called it a day.

0-1

Black's queen, which had strayed to a2, must come back into play, so my last move was 27 ...'1Wa2-a6. I could have taken on e5 first, but I was fascinated by a possible exchange sacrifice.

Post-game reflections

28.£5

27... &ilg2t

In the earlier part of this game (coverage of which began on page 236) we saw Black exec­ uting a double pawn sacrifice with 1 3 ... b5!? and I4 ... c4!. The plan was especially striking as it allowed White to straighten out his doubled c-pawns, which are traditionally thought of as a weakness to be targeted in the endgame. On this occasion Nisipeanu's dynamic interpretation of the position was quite in order, as Black had to free his pieces in order to avoid being swamped. White seized a great deal of space early in the game, but once Black succeeded in carrying out the . . . f5 break, White must have been wishing he could have moved a few of his pawns back to their starring positions. Although his position was objectively still sound, it was not easy to contain Black's initiative and the middlegame turned out to be rather one-sided.

Michael Deleva - Mihai Suba France 20 1 0

White must play his only trump, otherwise the queen returns to d5 via b6 and d8, when Black would be a pawn up with a dominant position.

28 ... E:xe5 Of course. Black wins two extra pawns in return for the exchange. With the added bonus of a safer king, his chances should be higher.

29..ixe5 gxe5 30J�el �b6! The queen gets back just in the nick of time to support Black's central majority.

3l.gxe5 �c7! 32.�f4 fxe5 33.�g3 �e7 34.h4 e4 35.g5 hxg5 36.hxg5 e3 8 7 6 5 4 3

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37.�b8t?

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White can resist more stubbornly: 37.l'l:fl ! ie8 38.'1Wb8 e2 39.gel '!We3 40.'1Wg3 '!We4 4 1 .\t>gl a5 42.g6 '1Wxf5 43.gxe2 '1Wxg6+

3 2

37...g l ixfl 48.lt:lxfl 'Wg4t 49.'it>hl 'Wxc4-+ 38 ... 'Wxe3t 39.'Wf2 'Wg5t 40.\t>h l 'Wxc l t 4 I .lt:lfl 'Wxc4 42.b3 'Wd5t 43.\t>gl lt:ld3 44.'We3 lt:lxc5 And Black must win.

34.�gl 1/z-1/z

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Post-game reflections

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Black's earlier pawn sacrifice was quite profound, and the way he built up a winning attack against a world-class opponent was impressive. The end of the game was a bit anticlimactic, but it highlights the practical value of a draw­ in-the-pocket sacrifice; after all, a draw is still better than a loss.

309

Chapter 1 5 - Exchange Sacrifices

Shakhriyar Mamedyarov - Boris Gelfand

defence is 20.g4, but this should also end unsuccessfully:

Candidates (3) , Kazan 201 1

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We continue this game from page 1 57. I am sorry about splitting such a superb game, but I felt I had to bow to the requirements of my book.

20.�hl The direct attack by 20.�g5 is not so dangerous: 20 ... 'kt>g8! 2 1 .�xf6 '®xf6 22.l:!xh7 g6 23.'tith l

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20 ...'®xe3t! 2 1 .'®xe3 �c5 22.'®xc5 l:!xc5 23.g5 lt:lg8 24.fxe6 �xe6 25.a4 lt:le7 26.axb5 axb5 and Black has some chances of turning his extra pawn to good account.

20... l:!xc3! This erudition sacrifice not only simplifies the position and makes it difficult for White to use his kingside pawns, but also pins the bishop for several moves, thus reducing White's attacking pretensions.

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22J:�d4 White is still obsessed by attacking, and will send his pieces round in circles, finally ending up in worse positions.

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It was high time to start fighting for the half point with: 22.j,d4 '1Mfxh3 23.E:xh3 a5 24.1Xe6 1Xe6 25 .c3 e5 26.j,xe5 j,xh3 27.gxh3+

22 ... a5 23.�d3 Wfc6 24.c3 a4 25 .ic2 •

Cold-bloodedness is needed in the Sicilian!

29.�el 29.'1Wel d4 30.1Wxe5 1Wb5! is not better.

29 ..e4 30.g4 'i!?f8 3I..ie3 Wfc4 32.g5 .

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25 ... e5! Black builds an ideal centre. Now White's attacking options are drastically reduced and the pawn on f5 looks pathetic.

26 .ig5 b4 27.Wfh4 bxc3 •

Having more than one attractive choice is an encouraging sign. Equally good is 27 . . . E:c8.

28.�h3

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32 J.xf5! 33.gxf6 .ixf6 34.Wfh5 .ig6 35.Wfg4 Wfxa2 •..

Six pawns for a rook; that's quite enough to form an execution squad! Moreover, every white piece seems to be situated on the wrong square, and can do no good, be it against the black king's fortress or to stop the advance of the unusual pawn platoon. I really cannot imagine how this position feels from White's side. From Black's point of view, this game, which helped Gelfand to get through to the Candidates semi-final, looks perfect. 8 7 6 5 4 3

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28 'i!?g8! •.•

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Chapter 1 5 - Exchange Sacrifices

36.i.bl �c4 37.�g2 a3 38.i.a2 �c6 39J�g3 �b8 0-1

Post-game reflections This extraordinary battle featured several sacrifices involving different balances of material. Earlier White went for a "best­ chance" sacrifice with 1 8 .e5!, giving up the first of many foot-soldiers. Gelfand expertly kept control of the position, and giving up the exchange on c3 followed by the knight on f6 felt merely like a natural part of the process. The final position with six pawns versus a rook was a spectacular end to a superb game. Ever since exchanging with . . . cxd4 in the opening, Black did not lose another pawn for the entire game.

Chapter 16

Minor Piece Sacrifices Giving up a minor piece is quite a different proposition from sacrificing an exchange. The latter can almost be a routine decision for some players, and the decision can often be justified by relatively minor compensating factors such as a single extra pawn, a strong piece outpost, damaging the enemy pawn structure and so on. A deficit of a whole minor piece, on the other hand, will more often than not prove fatal if the side with the extra piece can coordinate his position sensibly. If one is to invest such a sizeable chunk of material, one must demand an appropriate level of compensation. We shall start with an original piece sacrifice by the young Kasparov.

We continue this game from page 1 92. In return for the sacrificed pawn, Garry has succeeded in rustling up some play on the kingside. But Yusupov is ready to exchange rooks, so quick actions are required.

3 1.c!Lle4! Sacrificing the knight in order to drive a pawn wedge deep into the heart of Black's kingside.

3l. ..fxe4 The threat of lt:l f6t means that Black has no choice but to take the knight.

32.f5

Garry Kasparov - Artur Yusupov

The liberated f-pawn now becomes a massive strength.

USSR Championship, Frunze 198 1

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Chapter 1 6 - Minor Piece Sacrifices

32.. J3g5 After 32 ... l"i:xgl t 33.l"i:xgl l"i:g7, Black is crushed by 34.i.g6t 'tt> g8 35.f6+-

The only difference between me and a madman is that I am not mad - Salvador Dali

Mihai Suba - Aldo Zadrima

The best defence is 32 ...Wff8! 33.f6 i.xf6, and after either 34.Wfxf6 l"i:eg7 or 34.exf6 l"i:eg7! Black can fight on.

Lucerne Olympiad 1982

33.l3xg5 hxg5 34.£6

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34 .. .c.t)h6 Other moves are equally hopeless, for instance 34 . . . l"i:e8 35 .Wfe2+- or 34 . . .Wff8 35.fxe7+-.

35.fxe7 'Wxe7 36.i.f7 d6 37.l3fl g4 38.he6 'Wxe6 39.'Wh4t d8 34.a8='W b l ='W

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29...ha3 30.ti)f6t ®1:8

Slightly better is: 30 . . . �h8 3 1 .ltlxe8 E!:a8 32.!'!:b7 �c5 But even here, White should win. 33.E!:b5 �xa7 34.tt'ld6 �g8 35.E!:a5 E!:d8

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31.ltlxe8 :aas 32.:ab7 i.c5 33.ti)f6 ®g7 34.ti)e4 The frolicsome knight inconvenience Black.

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35 .'Wd4t 'Wd7 36.'Wa5t !'!:c7 37.'Wf6t 'We? 38.'Wxe7t +-

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36.ltlxf7! The tempting 36.ltlb7 !'!:d7 (36 . . .E!:a8 37.!'!:a6 �f8 38.ltla5 �e8 39.ltlc6 is an easy win) 37.!'!:xa7 �g7 leaves White a whole piece up, but it is not clear how he makes use of it. 36 . . . �xf7 37.!'!:xa7t 'it>g8 38.!'!:e7 E!:d6 39.g4! White has a winning rook endgame.

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continues

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34...ha7 After 34 ... �d4 35.E!:b4 e5 36.e3 �xa7 37.E!:a4, White will win in similar fashion to the note to Black's 30th move above.

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

38.h4! h6 38 . . . h5 39.:i::k 7 (imending :!::k6 next) 39 . . .i.e7 40.'Llxe6 i.d6 4 I .l"!g7t 'tt> h8 42.l"!xg6+-

39.tiH7 if8 40Ji]e5 g5 41 .hxg5 hxg5 42.tLlf3 ge7 43.l"!b5 1-0 Post-game reflections Endgames can be highly tactical in nature, especially when one or more of the players has an advanced passed pawn and/or an unsafe king. All of the above was true of this game, where true and sham sacrifices abounded. It is hard to draw any general guiding conclusions from such a concrete endgame, other than to say that if you are contemplating giving up your queen for a pawn, you'd better be sure of what you're doing!

Chapter 18

Other Sacrifices Double Exchange Sacrifices

36 .!thc3 •

Three of the games featured earlier in the book have something special in store: a second exchange sacrifice.

If you are looking for a good alternative for White, you will be disappointed. Also bad is 36.lt:Jd4 �c5 37.E!:ed l �xd4 38.E!:xd4 �f3-+.

36 bxc3 37.E!:c2 •••

Octavio Troianescu - Tigran Petrosian Bucharest 1 953

Returning one exchange is forced, but this does not alleviate White's problems.

37...'i;Yxb3 38J��ecl i.b4! Black can take on c2 any time he wishes, so instead of rushing, he waits for White to weaken his kingside further.

39.g4 i.xc2 40.E!:xc2 40.'Wxc2 is even worse: 40 . . .'�c4t 4 l .'tt> g2 'Wxf4-+

40 'i;Yxa4 .••

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We continue this game from page 48.

35 Jk3! ••

The rook threatens to infiltrate to f3, and offers itself as a sacrifice to create a mighty passed c-pawn.

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334

Positional Chess Sacrifices

Here the game was adjourned. Black already has three pawns for the exchange and the precarious position of the white king makes further concessions imminent.

4 l.f5 exf5 42.gxf5 g5 43.h4

This is a sort of hara-kiri, but White's position was already desperate.

43 �c5! •.•

Threatening to harass the white king.

After 58.'tt> f5 'tt> f3 59.Ei:xg4 'tt> e 3, the c-pawn will cost White his rook.

0-1

Post-game reflections Petrosian's second exchange sacrifice of the game was really a sham sacrifice, as it was obvious that the passed c-pawn was going to force White to give back at least one exchange. Nevertheless it was a pleasingly thematic continuation of his earlier play, and the way in which the b4-pawn captured towards the centre was fully consistent with the previous exchange sacrifice which enabled Black to dominate the central squares.

Bent Larsen Ulf Andersson -

Manila 1974

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44.hxg5

44.Ei:xc3? 'IWa l t 45.'\We l 'IWxe l t 46.'tt> xe l i.b4-+

44 Wff4t 45.el •..

Heading the other way is no better: 45.'tt> g2 '1Wxg5t 46.'kt>h2 i.d6t 47.'tt> h l '1Wh4t 48.'tt> g l '1Wg3t 49.'tt> fl (or 49.'1Wg2 d4!) 49 . . .'1Wh3t 50.'1Wg2t '1Wxg2t Black has an easy win.

45 Wfg3t 46.dl Wfglt 47.Wfel Wfxelt .•.

Simplifying to a winning endgame. The rest is easy.

48.xel hxg5 49.e2 �d4! 50.Ei:a2 g7 5Ld3 �e5! 52.Ei:a5 f6 53.Ei:xd5 xf5 54.e3 f6 55.Ei:c5 g4 56.Ei:c4t g3 57.e4 g4

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We continue this game from page 1 27. White has just played 43.i.d3-c4.

43 tLlxa5 .• .

It is hardly appropriate to attach an exclamation mark to this move, it being quite forced. Andersson's merit lay in anticipating the possibility and correctly evaluating the outcome.

44.�xe6 Wfxe6 45.Ei:bbl tLlc4 46J:Uel b6

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Chapter 1 8 - Other Sacrifices

Nathan Bimboim - Mihai Suba Malta Olympiad 1 980

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Simple arithmetic does not function here. Although White is two exchanges up, in return for just one pawn, White's rooks have no play and the game is heading towards a positional draw. Ask Ulf or me which side we prefer and you will hear "Black" in unison.

47.¥Mg5 c!L!e5 48.%Yd2 a5 49.%Yd5 %Yg4 50.'iMdl 'iMd7 lfz-lfz

Post-game reflections Black's exchange sacrifices in this game were fully justified by several factors. His minor pieces benefited from stable outpost squares in the centre, and the white rooks lacked purpose on any of the available open files. Black's first exchange sacrifice damaged White's queenside structure, and the second enabled him to pick up the a-pawn, leaving himself with an important passed pawn. In the final phase of the game it was Black who had chances to play for a win, but Ulf must have decided he would be risking too much.

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We continue this game from page 220.

27.g4?! Too optimistic. (Just between you and me, this is the most frequent cause of defeat in games played between players of comparable strength.) Instead, 27.e4 b4 28.ig5 ie5 29 .if6 '.Wc8 30 .ixe5 Ei:xe5 3 1 .'.Wf6 '.Wf8 32.f4 Ei:h5 33.e5 '.Wxh6 34.\WdSt 'tt> g7 35 .'.Wf6t would lead to a result not wanted by either player - a draw!

27 b4 28.i.g5 •••

With the obvious threat of if6. In fact, the position is not as dangerous for Black as it seems; it just requires precision in defence.

28 J��e5 ••

I was charmed by the possibility of sacrificing another exchange; such things do not occur every day!

29.i.f6

29.if4 would have induced me to find a different approach. After repeating with 29 . . .Ei:e8 30.ig5, Black could go for 30 .. ic3 3 1 .\t>h l ixel 32.Ei:xel f6 33.'.Wxf6 ixg4 34.ixg6 Ei:f8 35 .'.Wd4 hxg6 36.'.Wxg4 c3+.

Positional Chess Sacrifices

336

potential passed pawn on the queenside and the excellent outposts for Black's minor pieces, makes White's position unenviable and possibly untenable. Even my material-hungry programs prefer Black.

34.e3 V9g4t 35.�fl V9h3t 36.�e2 YNh5t 37.8 VNh2t! An important intermediate check, not only edging a move closer to the time control, but also ensuring that the rooks remain sluggish. a

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38.�dl VNxh6 39.V9g2 J.c3 4oJ�e2 VNh5

29...J.xg4!

This is the only answer, but a good enough one.

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30.V9f4 i.f5 31 .he5

3 l .j,xh8 xh8 32.e4 does not bring the desired result, due to 32 .. .'1We7!.

31. J.xe5 32.V9xc4 J.xc2 33.V9xc2 V9d7 .•

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41 .e4

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The fireworks have finished. White is two exchanges up for just one pawn, but he is doomed to lose another, his beloved h6-pawn. When I show this position to my Benoni­ loving students, I ask "Suppose you were playing with the white pieces, where would you like your king to be?" The smartest ones answer "Nowhere!" This, together with the

The sealed move. 4 l .f4 'Wf5 42.e4 'Wxf4 is no great improvement, although it may slow down Black's penetration. In such middlegame set-ups, the rooks are, to say the least, no better than the minor pieces. All the files are closed and the black monarch, unlike its white rival, is very safe. The game was played in the good old days, with a rate of 1 6 moves per hour and adjournment after 40 moves. Whilst other team-mates were suspicious about the outcome, GM Victor Ciocaltea liked my position and offered to help with the adjournment analysis. Every time that I extended my hand to grab a protected rook with one of my minor pieces, he slapped it and berated me: "In this game you won't take any exchange!"

Chapter 1 8 - Other Sacrifices

337

4I ...Yllfe5 42.Yllfgl ltld3 43.�c2 ltl£4 44.�h2 .id4 45.Yllrg4 h5 46.Yllfc8t Or 46.Wfg3 ie3.

46...�g7

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52 ltlg2 •..

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47.�bhl Slightly better is 47.Wfc4 but White's position should eventually crack anyway. For example: 47 . . .ic5 48.E:hh l Wfg5 49.\Mffl Wff6 50.Wfc4 lt:'lg2 5 I .Wfd3 lt:'le3t 52.�b3 Wfxf3 53.E:he l Wfg2 54.E:e2 Wfg5 5 5 .a3 lt:'lg4 56.axb4 axb4 57.E:g2 Wfd8 58.:B:cl lt:'l e5 59.Wfh3 Wfb6 60.E:a l Wfb5 6 I .E:c2 id4 62.\Mffl

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62 . . . lt:'ld3!-+

47 .ic5 48.�bl Yllfc3 49.Yllfa6 .id4 50.Yllrxa5 Yllra it 51 .�c2 Yllfb2t 52.�dl

With this last move, I was doubly at fault; firstly I was breaking Ciocaltea's orders, and secondly I was falling short of the standards of the strong programs which I use today, still unborn at the time. After all, 52 . . . \Mfb l t 53.�d2 ic3t 54.'it>e3 Wfd3t 5 5 .'it>f2 h4! is only four moves short of mate. Yet, after my "mistake", White immediately resigned.

0-1

Post-game reflections This example had several points in common with the previous Larsen - Andersson game. Black's bishop and knight were at least a match for White's two rooks, for a number of reasons. Once again, the minor pieces both had access to at least one stable outpost. In both games Black had at least one extra pawn, and a solid structure with no major weaknesses for the rooks to attack. We can also observe that Black's unopposed bishop enabled him to achieve a general domination over the dark squares. In the Birnboim - Suba game, White's unsafe king made his problems much more acute, whereas in the previous game Larsen was able to regroup and persuade his opponent to take a draw.

.•.

Another interesting point is that in both games White had no minor pieces remaining, and

Positional Chess Sacrifices

338

thus he had no way to challenge the actions of Black's bishop and knight. If the minor piece count had been, say, 3-1 in Black's favour instead of 2-0, then White may have been able to utilize his one minor piece to counter those of his opponent. This last point is a bit abstract, but still worth keeping in mind.

28 ..id7+- and White went on to win in Starke - Essing, Germany 1 99 1 .

Rook Sacrifices

Black's queenside majority is harmless, due to the doubled pawns.

Lev Polugaevsky - Eugenio Torre

18.£4! This is the point. The rook on h8 will remain a spectator for many moves.

18...b4

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Moscow 1 98 1

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19.gd6! a

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We continue this game from page 1 76. Black has just played 1 6 . . . a6.

17.h4!! This was an important novelty at the time, committing White to playing a rook down for the foreseeable future. This extraordinary idea was one of Polugaevsky's many contributions to theory in a wide range of openings and position types.

White is not only a rook behind, he is also quite content to exchange pieces.

19 ... gb8 20.lt�dl .i:xg5 21 .fxg5 �d5! Black finds the best defensive plan.

22..L:c4 8 7 6

17....ih6

5

In a later game, Black tried to improve with 1 7... b4, but without success: 1 8.�d6! bxc3 1 9.�xb6 cxb2 20.�xb2 c3 2 l .�c2 .ixe7 22.fxe7 f6 23 ..ie3 mxe7 24.ixc5t md7 25 .ih3t mc6 26.�xc3 �he8t 27 . .ie3t md5

4 3 2 1

������--���

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339

Chapter 1 8 - Other Sacrifices

22..)the7! 23.fxe7 g8 36 ..ih7t Wf7 37 ..ixe5 and White wins.

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30.gfl3

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The other rook gets ready to replace the hero on the g-file.

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30...i.c6

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This is the equivalent of resignation, but even the best defence is unlikely to save the game: 30 ... tLld8!

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340

Positional Chess Sacrifices

34 �xe5 35.�g5!? �xe4 •••

Desperation, but 35 ... E18e6 36.j,xe5 dxe5 37.lt:lf3 lt:lg6 38.Ei:xg6 Ei:xg6 39.'Wxg6t 'tt> xg6 40.lt:lxe5t +- is also hopeless.

36.�d5! .axd5 37.cx:d5 1-0 Post-game reflections a

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3 l .e5! j,xf3 32.lt:lxf3 fxe5 33.fxe5 dxe5 34.lt:lxe5 'Wd6 35.:1hg7 Ei:xg7 36.'Wxe8 Wg8 37.j,e4 lt:lde6 38.j,d5 'We7 39.'Wa8 'Wf6 40.it:ld3 'Wf5 4 I .j,xe6t 'Wxe6 42.j,xg7 'tt> xg7 43.'Wb7t+-

This was a pretty straightforward rook sacrifice, and it was easy to see that White could regain a good portion of the material within a few short moves. Nevertheless I was pleased to have found this attacking plan, which targeted the base of Black's pawn chain and the bastion of his whole kingside. Once it was destroyed Black's position crumbled to dust, and a rook was a small price to pay for such an achievement.

Two Minor Pieces for Rook and Pawn This particular material balance is a huge topic in itself, and my present publisher has already produced an entire book exploring the subject. In this brief section I will limit myself to a brief historical foray. a

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3 I.Ei:xg7! Having made the necessary preparations, I decided that there was no reason to wait.

3L..ci!;>xg7 32J�g3t ci!;>h? 33.Lf6 liJe5 Black has no choice as he needs to prevent the bishop on c2 from joining in the attack.

34.fx:e5 Understandably, I was happy to take some material back. The most clinical is 34.lt:lf3. For example: 34... lt:leg6 35.f5 Ei:g7 36.fxg6t 'kt>g8 37.lt:lh2!+- and the knight heads for h6.

Rudolf Spielmann made the following remarks: "This sacrifice of bishop and knight for rook and pawn is quantitatively small; mathematically speaking the difference is only half a pawn. . . Of course the two pieces are better, especially when the majority of other pieces are still on the board. Knight and bishop are better for attacking than rook and pawn." On the next page we shall look at one of Spielmann's own examples.

34 1

Chapter 1 8 - Other Sacrifices

Rudolf Spielmann - Baldur Hoenlinger Vienna 1 933

which in turn obstructs the rook... Thus the capture of f7 reveals itself as an obstructive sacrifice."

2 1 ... �e6

8

2 1 . . .tLld7?! is worse, and after 22.1Wd2 tLlf6 23.:B:d6 1Wb5 24.:B:d8 g5 25.:B:cl 1Wf5 26.:B:c7t 'it>g6 27.1Wcl White is winning.

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22JUdU

5

Also good is 22.1Wd2;!;, taking immediate control of the weakened dark squares.

4 3

22 ...'1Wc6 23.'1Wb3 b5?

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White has a significant lead in development, but j ust one move from Black (such as . . ..ie6 or ....ig4) will remedy this. How can White maintain the initiative?

This advance, cherishing hopes of developing the queenside, only accelerates Black's demise. When the opponent has the initiative, creating new targets is not advisable. Black should sit tight with 23 . . .1Wc7;!; and wait for a better moment to play . . . b5 and ... :B:a7.

17 ..ig5! .ixg5 18.�xg5 g6 And now for the main idea.

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24J:!d6 '1We4 25.'1Wc3 rt:Je7 26.\Whs This is good enough, although the machine prefers 26.:B:6d5 or even 26.h4. But for simple mortals, those moves are less intelligible. a

2U :�d5!

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Spielmann writes: "The culmination of the combination. The knight must retreat either to d7 or e6. In any case, it obstructs the bishop,

26...g5

26 ...1Wxg2t 27.'tt>xg2 .ib7t 28.'tt> g3 :B:xh8 29.:B:d7t 'tt> f6 30.:B:xb7 +-

27.£3 '1Wg6

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

Post-game reflections

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28.l:i:d8! 'Wc2 Also hopeless is 28 ... tt:lxd8 29.�xd8t liff7 30.�d5t and White picks up the rook.

As I mentioned before, "rook against two minor pieces" is a huge topic. The above example provides quite a good illustration of a promising sacrifice, as White gained one pawn and, more importantly, disrupted the coordination of the enemy forces for several moves. In contrast to the first few games featuring double exchange sacrifices, here the rooks enjoyed several open files and had plenty of scope to roam the full length and width of the board. And finally, having the safer king is never a bad thing of course.

Two Rooks for Queen and Pawn This is stretching the definition of a "sacrifice", and it would be more accurate to speak of an unbalancing exchanging operation. It could be argued that in a stable position, without a multitude of targets for the queen, the two rooks are likely to have the upper hand. In the following example I felt that the situation on the board would favour a queen, so I decided to transform the position.

29.l:i:e8t �f7 30.'Wg8t �f6

Mihai Suba - Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu Sovata 1 998 a

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3I .l:i:el Here Spielmann complains of an aesthetic flaw, as he missed a mate in five: 3 I .l:i:f8t tt:lxf8 32.�xf8t cj{g6 33.l'�d6t .ie6 34.l:!:xe6t 'it>h5 35.�h6#

3I. ..'Wc6 32.h4 h6 After 32 ...gxh4 33.f4 the mating net ts closing.

33.h5 1-0

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Chapter 1 8 - Other Sacrifices

30Jhg6! Wfxg6 3U�gl Wfxglt 32.�xgl ltld4 33.Ld4 �xd4t

The presence of minor pieces adds to the tension, as both the bishop and knight have the potential to become quite influential.

8 7 6 5 4

34.�g2 �f7 35.�h3! The white king is quite safe here, while the knight and the queen keep the black rooks at bay. White's queen and knight cooperate very well, especially with the partially blocked pawn structure, and White's advantage should be decisive. The problem is to find and implement a suitable plan to realize this advantage.

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42.tLlxd6! xd6 43.'1Wxf4t Ei:e5 44.'1Wf7+-

35 ... �f6

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37...h4! a

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36.Wfbl I was relaxing after the previous tough play and did not try to find anything decisive here. I felt absolutely safe, but I was wrong to, and later, when I became aware of the danger, I panicked. White should immediately go into action with: 36.lLld5t 'tt> e 5 37.e3! ixe3 (37 . . . fxe3 38.f4t! 'tt>xe4? 39.'1Wc2t 'tt> f3 40.Wg2#) 38.lLlxe3 fxe3 39.'1Wc3t e6 40.'\Wxe3+-

Only now did I smell a rat. I realized that Black might have a threat at some point, namely . . .Ei:g8 and . . . Ei:g3t.

38.�d5 Better is: 38.'\Wb l Ei:bc8 39.lLlb5 if2 40.'1Wa2 id4 4 1 .iLlxd4 cxd4 8 7 6 5

36...�e5 37.Wfel

4

Once again, 37.lLld5 is strong: 37 .. J'!g8 38.lLle7 Ei:g l 39.Wa2 Ei:a l 40.'1Wd2 Ei:gl 4 LiLlf5 Ei:g5

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

344 42.c5! d5 43.Wfa7 :B:d7 44.c6+-

46 cxd4 ••.

38.. J3g8 39.ltle7

Even here, White can still win: 39.Wfd2! :B:bf8 40.tLle7 :B:g5 4 1 .tLlf5 :B:f7 42.tLlxd4 cxd4 43.Wfa5t \t>f6 44.Wfa l 'kt>e5 45 .Wfa8+-

39.. J3gl 40.Wfd2 :B:h8 4I.ltlf5?! White could still play on with 4 1 .tLld5.

Weaker is 46 . . .Wfxd4? 47.Wfg2! and White could still play for a win. For example: 47 . . .Wfxc4?? 48 .Wfg7t \t>e6 49.Wfg8t+After the game move, the passed d-pawn is too strong and White has to force a draw by 47.Wfa5t \t>f6 48.Wff5t 'kt>e7 49.Wfh7t. 1!2-%

Post-game reflections

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a

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4I... :B:g3t!

This strong temporary sacrifice leads to a forced draw.

42.hxg3 hxg3t 43.ltlh4 :B:xh4t 44.\t>xh4 g2 45.e3 gl =� 46.exd4t 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a

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As I mentioned before, the exchanging of two rooks for a queen and pawn can hardly be defined as a sacrifice, but in the above game it led to an obscure and fascinating endgame. White had numerous opportunities to capitalize on his advantage, but my opponent adapted to the new situation more effectively than I did, and his sham rook sacrifice was an excellent idea which brought him a well deserved share of the point.

Chapter 19

Endgame Sacrifices Frank Marshall -Jose Raul Capablanca New York 1 9 1 8

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18 .. .'1We5 19.ttlxc6 �xc3 20J:hc3 �d2 Capablanca correctly judged that his active rook would provide full compensation for being a pawn down in the ending.

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White's position is preferable, and Marshall decides to go on the offensive.

1 5.d5!? ttlc5 16.dxe6 ttlxe6 17..L:e6 �xe6 18.�d4 A better choice is: 1 8.b4 Wle7 ( 1 8 . . .Wlxa2 1 9.tt'ld4 threatens to trap the queen, and after 1 9 . . .f6 20.e5! White has a strong initiative.) 1 9.tt'ld4 g6 20.E:e3 Wld6 Although the machine evaluates this position as equal, I still prefer White.

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2l.�bl?

From a modern perspective, this passive rook move is simply unacceptable. It was time to think about a draw. For instance: 2 I .a3 E:xb2 22.E:dl g6 23.h4 i.xc6 24.E:xc6 E:b3 25 .E:d7 E:xa3 26.E:cc7 =

2l ...�e8 22.e5? g5! 23.h4? After the superior 23.tt'lxa7 E:xe5 Black is still better, but White could at least put up a fight.

Positional Chess Sacrifices

346

Jose Raul Capablanca - Savielly Tartakower

23 ...gxh4 24.�el �e6

New York 1 924

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25.�ecl The knight cannot move, as 25 ... E!:g6 would be decisive. White is almost paralysed and the rest is simple.

25 i>g7 26.b4 b5 27.a3 �g6 28.i>fl �a2 29.i>gl h3 30.g3 a6 3l .e6 �xe6 32.g4 �h6 33.f.3 �d6 34.ltJe7 �dd2 35.ltJf5t i>f6 36.ltJh4 i>e5 37.ltJf5 �g2t 38.fl h2 39.f4t i>x£4 0-1 ..•

Post-game reflections Comparing the positions at moves 1 5 and 25, it scarcely seems possible that things could have gone so wrong for White in the space of a mere ten moves. Evidently Marshall failed to evaluate the position correctly following Black's pawn sacrifice, and he paid the price. Based on the above game, it would be reasonable to conclude that, in simplified positions, a dominant rook on the seventh rank should be enough to compensate for a one-pawn deficit.

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The position is quite simplified, but from this point both sides play it with a lack of precision, especially Black!

3l.g4 3 1 .E!:d7! is probably the best continuation.

3l. .. ltJc4 A more active defence is 3 1 . . .ltJ b3! intending 32 . . . ltJc l .

32.g5 ltJe3t 33.i>f.3 ti)f5? After this, Black's game is untenable; the last chance was 33 . . . lLl d l ! .

34.hfs gxf5

The next example is one of Capablanca's most famous endgames. This time he already has his rook on the seventh rank, and his goal will be to improve his other pieces, especially his king. a

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Chapter 1 9 - Endgame Sacrifices This position can be found in many endgame books. The ideas are well known and easy to understand, so I won't interfere with superfluous comments.

35.g3! lhc3t 36.h4 ga 37.g6 gxr4t 38.g5 ge4 39. f6 gs 4o.gg7t hs 4I .gxc7 l:i:e8 42.xf5 ge4 43.f6 gf4t 44. e5 gg4 45.g7t gs 46.gxa7 ggl 47.xd5 gel 48.d6 gc2 49.d5 gel 50.gc7 gal 5 I .c6 gxa4 52.d6 1-0

55 ...£4! Clearing the f5-square for the king and, less obviously, the third rank for the rook.

56.gxf4 gh7 57.�d2 �xd2 58.xd2 gh3 59.f3 gxf3

Post-game reflections I was in rwo minds about including such a well-known example in this book; indeed this is why I refrained from commenting on the final phase, as I had nothing new to say about it. Nevertheless the game remains one of the purest examples showing that an active king can trump a material advantage.

Stefano Rosselli del Turco - Akiba Rubinstein

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60.gf2? A bad mistake. 60.axb5 axb5 6 1 .\t>e3 f2t 62.'tt> xf2 E!:xb3 63.E!:el must lead to a draw.

60... f5 6I .e3 g4 62.b4

Baden-Baden 1 925

Rook moves would allow 62 . . . f2t winning, and 62.f5 'tt> xf5 is also losing for White as the pawn ending is hopeless.

62 ... ghl 63.£5 gelt 64.d3 ge4 0-1 Post-game reflections

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The great Akiba has been trying for some time to squeeze something out of his slightly better endgame. The following pawn sacrifice is his last chance.

This short example showed how a temporary pawn sacrifice can be used to increase the scope of one's pieces, in an attempt to stretch the defences. It had the desired effect, as White blundered and allowed the enemy king to take up a dominating position. Just like the previous game, this example confirms that in rook and pawn endgames, the combination of an active rook, active king and an advanced passed pawn can spell disaster for the defender.

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Tigran Petrosian - Boris Spassky World Championship, Moscow (24) 1966

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69.:ad2 a

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This position is from the last game of the match. Trailing by a point, Spassky could no longer win the title of World Champion, but success in this game would achieve an honourable 1 2- 1 2 result, while scoring a psychological trump for the future. It is his turn to play as Black. What would you do?

65 .. Jhe4!? An interesting concept. After being in a difficult situation for most of the game, Spassky had then missed a chance to seize the advantage, before reaching the current level position. Objectively, this exchange sacrifice is not particularly good; but Black, with a pawn for the exchange, a strong centre and a good blockade, does not risk much either. Possibly, with his typical sense of humour, Boris j ust wanted to break Petrosian's patent over the positional exchange sacrifice!

66.:axe4 :ax£5 67J�e2 :a a? 67 . . .i.xc5 68.1'k2 e4 would have been good enough to draw.

68.�g2 :ad3

Better is 69.Ei:a2! (intending Ei:a3) and Black can easily find himself in trouble. For example: 69 ...i.xc5? 70.i.xc5 li:lxc5 7 l .Ei:xb7!+-

69..J��e3 70.:aa2 f5 71.iel .!tlxc5 n.ifl :ab3 In the official bulletin of the match, this move was given an exclamation mark. But 72 . . . Ei:d3! is actually stronger. For example: 73.i.xd4 Ei:xd4 74.Ei:xb7 li:lxb7 75.a6 Ei:g4!+

73.:axb3 .!tlxb3 74J�a3 lLlcS 75.ixd4 exd4 76.:af3 d3 77.�fl lfz-1/2

Post-game reflections The exchange sacrifice was a reasonable choice in this complex ending. Black had enough activity, but perhaps influenced by the match situation and the desire to level the scores, he overestimated his chances and risked losing the game, before getting a chance to fight for the advantage near the end. Optimism, realism, caution, and the intangible, intuitive instinct of when to "push our luck" to extract the maximum from the position - these are all factors that weigh heavily on the mind of a chess player at the critical moments of a game.

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Chapter 1 9 - Endgame Sacrifices

Bent Larsen - Tigran Petrosian Havana Olympiad 1 966

40.f4 E:b8 4 1 .E:d6t �f7 42.�f2 E:b2t 43.�e3 d2 44.E:d l E:c2 45 .E:xd2 E:xc3t 46.d4 E:xg3 47.E:b2 c3 48.E:b7t gS 49.E:xa7 c2 50.E:c6 with drawing chances.

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We continue this game from page 80. In the last few moves, the situation has radically changed. It is now White who must play well to avoid losing. Although White is still the exchange for a pawn up, Black's central pawns represent a real danger.

37J�b2 Both the bulletin and Petrosian attach a question mark to this move. But it is actually the only way to get counterplay. 37.E:e5 is answered by 37 ...E:e8!, based on 38.E:xd5? E:e l t 39.h2 .ie4-+.

37... c4! 38.f.3?

Mter this, the game is lost. Better is 38.E:b7t 'it>f6 39.E:d7 .ie4

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38 ...d4! 39.:B:cl 39.cxd4 c3 40.E:b7t �g8 4 1 .E:c7 d2 42.E:d l E:xf3 wins comfortably.

39... �e6!

The king will provide the two passed pawns with all the support they need. The rooks are lousy blockaders, and the rest is straightforward.

40.';!?f2 .ie4 4 1 .£4 ges 42.g4 .ic6 43.:B:el t �d5 44.gxe8 .ixeS 45.cxd4 c3 46.gbs d2 47.E:d8t 'it>c4 48.E:c8t 'it>d3 0-1 Post-game reflections Over the course of this game Black's position went from almost losing at the time when he first sacrificed the exchange (see page 77) to winning with a triumphant march of his mighty pawns. The way Petros ian advanced and secured his pawns on light squares ran contrary to conventional teachings about "positioning the pawns on the opposite-coloured squares to one's bishop". Nevertheless it was justified by several positional factors. Firstly, putting

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the pawns on the light squares made it easier for Black to defend them. Secondly, Black had the . . . d5-d4 push at his disposal, as a means of destroying the blocker on c3. And finally, to repeat the point made in the previous note, rooks are poor blockaders, and Petrosian saw that he would have little trouble ousting the white rooks from c3 and d2. IfWhite had, say, a dark-squared bishop instead of a rook, then it is safe to assume that Black would have advanced his pawns in an altogether different way.

No one ever won a game by resigning

I ..Jhg7 2.ll)f6t c.!lg6 3.�xh5 c.!ixh5 4.d5 c.!lg6 5.d6 c.!if6 6.d7? A careless blunder, perhaps due to euphoria at my imminent victory. Instead, 6.c7 was winning easily.

-

Tarrakower

Mihai Suba - Sticlaru Bucharest 1 968 a

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An instant after playing this impulsive move, I saw its drawback and thought White was losing. My opponent, for his part, was so convinced of an unavoidable loss that he did not check the consequences of my move; he just resigned and put his signature on the scoresheet.

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Post-game reflections

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This example is from a relatively low-level game, when both my opponent and I were barely first category players. The position is recalled from memory, and of the earlier part of the game I can only remember that it was a King's Indian and that my opponent accepted an exchange sacrifice on c6 which he should have declined. Faced with a strong arrack, I have to simplify immediately.

I.'!Wg7t! Not I .ltlf6t �xf6 followed by a perpetual check.

As soon as the game ended, the devil in me could not refrain from saying "You have been lost since you accepted my exchange sacrifice, bur you did not resign. Why are you giving up now, when you are winning?" ''Are you joking?" he answered. "How could I be winning?" "By raking on d7, followed by ... rJde7." "Just a minute." he said, "I do not resign, then." After he realized that such an option was against the rules, we started to look at the pawn endgame:

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Chapter 1 9 - Endgame Sacrifices 6 ... !l:xd7! 7.exd7! We initially thought that this was losing, and so we went back and analysed: 7.cxd7?! rJJe7 8.rJJe2 b5 9.rJJ f3 a5 l O.rJJf4 b4 l l .rJJxf5 a4 1 2.rJJ g6 b3 1 3.axb3 axb3

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1 4.d8=Wi't rJJxd8 1 5 .rJJ f7 b2 1 6.e7t rJJ c7 1 7.e8=Wf b 1 =Wf 1 8.Wfe5t rJJd 7 1 9.h4 Wl'b3t 20.rJJ g7 Wl'e6 This line ends up in a draw. Having analysed this far we both felt a bit less disturbed, and we said our goodbyes. Later I looked at the position with some club-mates ("conclubines" according to the Romanian/Brazilian IM Sorin Segal), and found the win for White. 7 ... rJJe7

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1 0.h3!! This zugzwang move does the trick, as it forces Black to lose control of the b6-square. In my earlier calculation, I considered only 1 o.rJJ f4?? when after 1 0 ... a5 White is lost! 1 0 . . . a5 1 o . . . h5 1 1 .h4 does not change anything. 1 1 . rJJd4 a4

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12.rJJc 5! b3 1 3.axb3 axb3 14.rJJ b6 b2 1 5.rJJ c7 b 1 =Wi' 1 6.d8=Wi't e6 36.tLlc7t 'it>d6 37.tLlxb5t 'it>c6

An expert is a person who can spot a mistake, immediately after committing it. Bridge -

players' definition

Mihai Suba - Vladimir Malakhov Sanxenxo 2004 a

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Black will continue with . . . tt:J f6 and ... tt:Jd5, with a dead draw.

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But then, seeing his grimaces and hearing some rich, self-addressed, low-voiced Russian cursing, I understood that he hadn't sacrificed the pawn, but had blundered it, and I realized I might get winning chances!

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35.Lc6 �e6

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

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49.i.c2!

36.exf4! Not having the time to calculate, I trusted my opponent and avoided the pawn ending. Fortunately, this was the right decision, as it turns out to be a draw due to the lack of entry points for the white king: 36 ..ixd7t i>xd7 37.exf4 h5 38.g3 h4 39.g4 ci;e? 40.i>fl i>f7 4 l .f3

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This zugzwang trick forces Black to allow g3g4, breaking open a front on the kingside.

49...tiJg8 50.g4 hxg4t 5I .hxg4 fxg4t 52.ci!lxg4 tlJe7 53. ci!lg5 tlJc6 54.f5t ci!lf7 55.i.dl tlJxd4 56.f6 �e6t 57.ci!lf5 tlJc5 58.ci!le5

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Now 4 l . . .e3! draws (but 4 l ...exf3? 42.gxf5! wins for White) .

36 ... tlJf6 37.ci!le2 h5 38.ci!le3 ci!ld6 39.i.b5 ci!le6 40.g3 ci!le7 4I .i.e2 ci!le6 42.£3 exf3 43.i.x£3 ci!le7 44.i.e2 ci!le6 45.!d3 � g8 Black is quite limited in his choice. For example, 45 ... lt'l e4 loses to 46.g4!.

46.i.a6 ci!ld7 47.i.d3 ci!le6 4S.ci!lf3 tlJf6

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58 ...�e4 Capturing the f-pawn does not solve Black's problems: 58 . . . lt'ld7t 59.i>xd5 i>xf6 60.i>d6 lt'le5 6 I .i>c7 i>e6 62.i>b6 i>d6 63.i>xa5 ci;c5 64.i>a6+-

59.i.h5t ci!l£8 60.i.f3 ci!lf7 6I .i.h5t ci!l£8 62.i.g6 tlJd2 63.ci!lxd5 tlJxb3 64.ci!lc4 �d2t

355

Chapter 1 9 - Endgame Sacrifices

Alexander Beliavsky - Mihai Suba

65.@b5 clbb3 After 65 ... b3 66.ct?xa5 b2 67.'i!tb5 b 1 ='Wt 68 ..ixb 1 lt:Jxb 1 69.a5, the a-pawn is triumphant.

Kings Tournament, Bazna 2007

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66.@b6!

Once again, Black is put in zugzwang.

66...@g8 67..ie4 @£8 68..id5 �d2 69.@xa5 b3 70.@b4 b2 7l ..ia2 c!be4 7 l ...b l ='Wt 72 ..ixb 1 lLlxb 1 73.a5+-

72.a5 �d6 73.a6 c!bc8 74.@c3 bl=:g 75 ..ixbl @f7 76..ie4 @xf6 77..ib7 1-0 Post-game reflections The last part of this game illustrated the gradual exploitation of an extra pawn, but the early part of the endgame - specifically the note to move 34 - showed how a blunder could have been salvaged and turned into a positional sacrifice to draw the game. We all commit tactical oversights from time to time; next time it happens to you, try to remain calm and find a way to make the best of the situation. If you are lucky, the position may not be as bad as it first appears!

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We continue this game from page 1 95 , where our verdict was that i t i s slightly better for White. Some readers may ask, "Why is White better?" Well, there are several reasons. Firstly, White has the better pawn structure; effectively he has fewer pawn islands, because the separated pawns at a4 and b7 cannot be considered as a single island. Furthermore, I believe in a rule stated by Nimzowitsch, which is little heeded even by strong grandmasters, that a pawn majority involving a large number of pawns is more valuable than one with fewer (here, White's 4-3 majority is stronger than Black's 2- 1 majority) . Black's rooks are passive, having to defend the weak pawns on the queenside, while the white rooks are well placed. Finally, White has the potential to create a strong central passed pawn.

29... :gc8!

Offering a pawn to activate my pieces, instead of opting for passive resistance with 29 ....ie8 30.Ek3 .ic6 3 l .f3 E!:ae8 32 ..ifl , when White can build on his small advantage with moves such as ct?f2, g4, E!:b4 and .ib5.

30,:gxa4 :gel t

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Possibly 30 . . ..ie8 is more precise. For example: 3 l .:B:b4 :B:c l t 32 ..ifl .ic6 33.h4 \t>h7 34.f3 :B:d7 35.\t>f2 :B:d2t 36 ..ie2 :B:a2 37.f4 f5 38.exf5 :B:h l 39.:B:e7 :B:h2t 40.\t>el :B:h 1 t 4 1 .\t>f2=

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3l ..ifl i.eS 32J�a8

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32.:B:b4 may have been better.

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32...g5 33. �g2 �g7 By contrast with the previous vanatton, I've lost a couple of tempos, but my king and pawns are better placed.

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43.e5t?!

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This time returning the pawn does not help. It was better to bring the bishop back to e2.

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43...l;xe5 44.:gd6t �e7 45.:ge6t l;xe6 46.:gxe6t �f8 47.:gxh6 i.d7t

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34J�d8? This allows Black to obtain promising counterplay. It was worth considering the "anti-positional" 34.g4!? to stabilize the kingside.

34....ic6 35.£3 f5! Now White's position starts to become tricky, although objectively he is still okay.

36.:gd4 :gc2t 37.�gl fxe4 38.fxe4 gel 39.�g2 gc2t 40..ie2 l;a2 40 . . ..ib5 4 1 .\t>f2 :B:a2 is a dead draw, but I had already begun to like my position. White's king is very insecure whilst his black counterpart may come to e5.

41 .�h3 �f6 42..ic4?! :gfl

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48.g4 A sad move to make, but 48 ..ie6 \t>g7 49 ..ixd7 \t>xh6 loses the exchange without any particular compensation.

4s... :gat? After 48 . . ..ic6! the dire situation of the white king means that Black is simply winning.

49.�g2 :gxa3 50.i.d5 lh-lh

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Chapter 1 9 - Endgame Sacrifices

46...c;!;>g7 47.gxh5

Post-game reflections This game showed how a well-timed pawn sacrifice can turn a passive and slightly worse position into an active one with promising counterplay, not unlike the Marshall Capablanca encounter at the start of the chapter. In this case too, White failed to adapt to the new situation on the board, although sadly my own endgame technique was not at the same level as the Cuban genius.

White must avoid: 47.lt:lxc5?? .ixc5 48 .'kt>xc5

Mihai Suba -Julio Granda Zuniga

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48 ... g5!-+ This typical trick had helped me to win at least two previous games, so I was not going to fall for it here.

Benidorm 2009

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47...gxh5 48.�f4 c;!;>h6 49.�d3 .id4 50.�f4 .ifl 5 l.�g2 f5 52.�f4 Lh4 53.c;!;>xc5

7 6

White is now close to a draw, especially considering that Black has the wrong combination of bishop and rook's pawn. If the white king can make it back to g2, then he can happily sacrifice his knight for the f-pawn. Black's only chance is to infiltrate with his king, but he does not have quite enough time.

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We continue this game from page 2 8 1 .

43.g4!

This advance meets a couple of basic necessities in such endgames. It places the pawns on light squares and it reduces their number - fewer pawns means fewer weaknesses to worry about, and fewer potential queens for the opponent.

53...i.e7t

Similar is 53 ....if6 54.lt:lh3 mg6 5 5 .md5 'it>£7 56.lt:lf4 h4 57.ltlh3=, reaching the same fortress as in the game.

54.c;!;>ds c;t>8s

43 ...c;!;>g7 44.�e5 c;!;>f6 45.�d3 .igl 46.h4 This time a pawn moves to a dark square, having to defend against the black king penetrating via g5. This pawn will be lost later, but in exchange for the c5-pawn. a

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Positional Chess Sacrifices

ss.ttle6t! c;i;>h4 56.ttlg7 c;t>gs 57.ttle6t c;f;>f6 58.ttlf4 h4 59.ttlh3

Vladimir Kramnik - Mikhail Ulibin Chalkidiki 1 992

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Finally, the fortress has been achieved. Julio plays a few more moves out of inertia.

59....id8 60.ttlf4 .ic7 6I.ttlh3 i.g3 62.ttlgl liz_liz

Post-game reflections A glance back at the relevant part of Chapter 1 4 will remind us of just how unappealing White's position was in the middlegame. The pawn-down endgame was a mercy, and I was narrowly able to hold a draw. Being able to recognize the difference between a hopeless endgame a pawn down, and one which offers realistic drawing chances, is an important ability for any player, and on this occasion it enabled me to salvage a welcome half point. In the final example of the chapter and the book, we will see a splendid example of an aggressive pawn sacrifice in a simplified position.

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36.g5! Well played! The pawn sacrifice is even more praiseworthy as White could have maintained his advantage by quiet play. For example: 36.i.g2 l:l:c8 37.f3 ttl f6 38.l:l:dal tLle6 39.�d2±

36...hxg5 37.hxg5 39.ghi c;i;>gs

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40.gaal! "Bringing the second rook into the kingside attack decides the game." - Kramnik.

40... ttlce6

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Chapter 1 9 - Endgame Sacrifices Other defences are no better:

42-l:l:gl �f7 43.id5

40 .. lLlge6 4 l .E!:agl f5 42.j,d5 E!:f8 43.E!:g6 \t>f7 44.E!:xg7t \t>e8 45.E!:xe7t \t>xe7 46.E!:h6 E!:f7 47.f4 E!:f8 48.';t>f3 E!:f7 49.j,c3 E!:f8 50.j,e l +-

After 43.f4 Black has the unexpected 43 . . . lLl h3!, although even this is losing:

40 ... f6 4 l .f4 lLlf7 42.E!:agl \t>f8 43.E!:h7 lLle6 44.\t>d2 \t>g8

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44.E!:g3! lLl hxf4t (44 . . . lLl exf4t 45 .\t>d2) 45.exf4 lLl d4t 46.'it>d3 lLl f5 47.j,d5t+-

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45 .E!:hxg7t! lLlxg7 46.j,xf6+-

45 . . . lLl gh7 46.ig8 would have made no difference.

4U :�h4

46.�f3

Preventing a check on f4 and preparing a possible doubling on the h-file.

All roads lead to Rome, for instance 46.j,xe6 E!:xe6 47.E!:xg7 wins as well.

46 ... £5 47.E!:g6! �c5 48.ixg7 gf7 49.ix£8 1-0 Post-game reflections

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4 l . .. f5 also fails to save the game: 42.E!:g 1 lLl e4 43.j,d5 lLl4c5 44.E!:h6 E!:ce8 45.E!:gg6 E!:f8 46.'it>f3 E!:ff7 47.E!:xe6+-

It is not often that we see a line-opening pawn sacrifice followed by a kingside attack in the endgame, but in the above example the pair of rooks supported by two mighty bishops proved to be a winning combination. Black's biggest problem was that his knights lacked an effective outpost from which to defend, counterattack, or exchange the enemy bishops. His rooks were similarly ineffective, and a massacre ensued.

Appendix

End Notes )

1 Romanian Opening or Napoleon I against Madame de Remusat (adapted

and translated from an article I wrote for a Romanian magazine several years ago)

I am keen to post this wordy homage to the l .lt:l c3 opening. It is full of polemics and the reader may just skip it, without prej udice, if he wishes. It might have a chauvinistic touch, as an answer to those who, a few months before I wrote it, had tried to steal my Seniors' World Champion tide. However, for those who wish to play this opening, a few associations might be of interest. The word Dunst is a German noun, meaning anything which can emerge from a cooking pot apart from the meal itself: steam, smoke, reek and the like. Yet the danger does not come from the frying pan, but from the Dunst surname. It could become popular on account of the actress Kirsten Dunst, who has made it into the list of the "top eleven women whose kiss is worth going to jail for". Another use of the word comes in the phrase "zacusca Ia dunst" - a Transylvanian-Romanian hors d'oeuvre; so_me gourmands would even go to the kitchens fo;n;! Taking advantage of the language of Shakespeare (and the less discreet Fischer variation), the Anglo-Americans would like to

have a monopoly on chess names. But in most of the world, chess players do not respect this, and everybody (even leading US players, most of them of Soviet origin) says Volga Gambit (not Benko) , Spanish (not Ruy Lopez) , etc. There are more exceptions in other domains, for example in music, where the Brits reject the initiative. Consider the English horn, which they call "French horn", as if it were a dead cat, only good for being thrown over the Channel. It dunsts. Returning to our opening, l .lt:lc3 was thoroughly studied, practised and taught systematically by the late Gheorghe Alexandrescu (Uncle Gica), former champion of Romania, who with old-style modesty and patriotism called it the " Romanian Opening". Many of his students (for example, Chiricuta, Zara, Segal) used his ideas in international encounters and popularized them. Your author played l .lt:l c3 to get one of his first victories against a GM, and has played it quite a few times since. It is one thing to play rare moves as a part of a strategy or system, and quite another to play them out of extravagance, as did the amateur who frequented Manhattan Chess Club in the 1 950s. Finding games which Mr. Dunst won after opening with l .lt:lc3! was not easy; but the same could be

Appendix - End Notes said with respect to other openings. Our man started many more games with other bizarre moves, such as 1 .lLl a3, l .e3 and, with Black, l . . .ltJa6. Why not assign his honoured name to one of these openings? It dunsts! The Dutch, for their part, noticed the gap, and called this opening after their Van Geet fellow, who practised it with more perseverance, but still little success. Both these players came after Uncle Gica. They were weaker players and did not create any school. I would mention that one of the few sources in English that accepts the name "Romanian Opening" is Wikipedia. The ideas of Master Alexandrescu were clear: in case Black answers it by l . ..e5, then after 2.lLlf3 and 3.d4 White transposes into favourable variations ofthe Scotch or Philidor; if l ...d5, then 2.e4, and we either enter a mainline of the French or Caro-Kann, or a secondary variation of the Scandinavian or Alekhine. The advance 2 . . . d4 seems a bit anti-positional to some strategists, because it clarifies the structure too early. Those who do not like offering space to the opponent may answer l . ..d5 with 2.d4, transposing to the Veresov. After l . . .c5 2.e4 lLlc6 3.lLlge2 Black might get tangled in a "Chameleon", which interchanges some variations of the Sicilian at will. Often Black finds himself playing something he doesn't know or doesn't like, or both. GM Rogers (a very practical player) put it succinctly: "White's opening is meant to force a transposition to a variation which might not be familiar to the opponent." Spanish champion Bellon Lopez, after our game in Bucharest 1 978, learned many details of this opening in the post mortem, and then used it as his main weapon with White for many years. If we are to follow a strict chronology, the inspiration to Uncle Gica for this overture came from Napoleon I, because the first game starting with this cavalry charge was that of

361

the Emperor against Madame de Remusat at Malmaison 1 804. One of those two players must have had an elephant's memory, as that game is nothing more than a mirror copy of a pre'V19us encounter of Bonaparte with the beautif�f lady (at Cafe de Ia Regence, Paris 1 802) . History says that she tried (at any price) to obtain a pardon for her brother, but did not succeed. It also says that they had only one encounter, which conflicts with the two games in the database. A painting from that epoch (one may find it reproduced on the ChessBase website) shows the two heroes at a chess board. The lady exhibits a decolletage to be envied, even by her present-day great-granddaughters. Maybe a list of the "top eleven women whose kiss is worth going to jail for" was also available at that time, and that's the real reason why Albion sent Bonaparte to Saint Helena. Perhaps we should give the French the benefit of the doubt (as to whether the Emperor kissed the lady or not). Nowadays, of course, the Eurostar may quickly bring anybody from Paris to Waterloo (Station), without the headache of reckoning how many steps there are de sublime aux ridicule.

2)

I have never been a good rating manager! In 1 982 I qualified as a reserve for the Candidates, together with Tal and Spassky, and ahead of Petrosian, Larsen and Timman, with my lifetime lowest rating - 2430. Now I was playing first board for Romania in the World Team Championship, contested between the first five teams of the previous Olympiad. Fifth place in both events was the best result ever for our men's team. Nobody expected this from us, especially after the premature loss of Ciocaltea in 1 983. Although I came third in the Interzonal in 1 982, due to my low rating no organizers invited me to any strong tournaments in that period. I had to win the Dortmund Open in 1 982 to get

362

Positional Chess Sacrifices

the right to play in the closed tournament in 1 983 which I also won! At that time, after Fischer's withdrawal from chess, all the stars of the Occident looked fragile to me (including Larsen, Timman and Miles). In Lucerne, without an unfortunate swing in my game against Korchnoi (see page 282), I would have won the gold medal on Board 1 .

vice as a virtue. Long ago, Alekhine said that blaming time pressure is a similar excuse to a lawbreaker saying that he was drunk when he committed the crime. I would hope that the practice of adding time increments per move will end all excuses and privileges, and also improve other issues related to the time control.

3)

4)

-

Walter Browne's frequent time trouble is proverbial; at such moments he behaved as if possessed. Although this conduct was involuntary, it could have a deeply disturbing influence on many opponents. I think that either the FIDE rules of ethics were very loose (and still are) when compared with other games, or their application was (and still is) extremely tolerant. Newer rules express privileges to "time-trouble blitzers", unacceptably treating a

Playing on first board, I had been performing well at the 1 984 Thessaloniki Olympiad, and having played in all the matches, I was very tired. The previous day I had told the captain (Emmanuel Reicher) that I wanted a rest day and he agreed, only to change his mind the next morning: "We are playing against Hungary and I cannot select the team without you. I promise that you won't play more than 14 games here!"

Game Index Chapter 1

-

The Open Games

Garry Kasparov-Viswanathan Anand

14

Albert Becker-lmre Korody Keresztely

19

Jacob Murey-Boris Nikitinyh

22

Pablo Atars- Hans Tomson

24

Vassily lvanchuk-Evgeny Bareev

26

Veselin Topalov -Vladimir Kramnik

28

Alexey Dreev- Gata Kamsky David Bronstein- Ernst Rojahn

Chapter 2

-

311303 34

The Ruy Lopez

Ivan Cheparinov- David Navara

36/327

Constantin Lupulescu- Mihai Suba

38/328

Oskar Piotrowski -Jerzy Sokolow

40

Nikola Padevsky- Hrvoje Messing

42

Jose Gutierrez Castillo- Luis Bronstein

44

Chapter 3

-

The Semi-Open Games

Octavia Troianescu -Tigran Perrosian

46/333

Amador Rodriguez Cespedes - Tomislav Rakic

48

Michael Yeo- A Erdal-Smith

50

Ariel Mengarini-Eric Schiller

52

Robert Fischer - William Addison

53

Chapter 4-Alekhine's Defence Thomas Casper - Heckert

56

Albin Planinc -Vlatko Kovacevic

58

Juan Bellon Lopez -Vlatko Kovacevic Nigel Short-Jan Timman

60 64/299/325

Oleg Korneev - Mihai Suba

66

Veselin Topalov- Magnus Carlsen

70

Chapter 5 -The French Defence Ludek Pachman - Eckert Bent Larsen-Tigran Petrosian Yuri Shabanov -Eduard Mnatsakanian

74 76/349 80

Positional Chess Sacrifices

364

Mikhail Tal - Wolfgang Uhlmann Robert Fischer - Bent Larsen Jose Hedman Senarega - Oleg Romanishin Nils Nilsson - Henrik Sorensen

Chapter 6 - The Caro-Kann Defence Janis Klovans - Felix Levin Alexei Shirov - Vassily lvanchuk Teimour Radjabov - Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu Lajos Portisch - Tigran Petrosian Mihai Suba - Petar Velikov Mihai Suba - Tigran Petrosian Alexander Morozevich - Artashes Minasian Ralf Christ - Igor Berezovsky Vassily Ivanchuk - Alexander Beliavsky

Chapter 7 - The Sicilian Defence Dunaev - Tigran Petrosian Rashid Nezhmetdinov - Oleg Chernikov Robert Fischer - Efim Geller Bent Larsen - Ulf Andersson Eric Lobron - Mihai Suba Krisztian Kerek - Mircea Parligras Rafael Rodriguez Lopez - Mihai Suba Manuel Perez Candelario - Mihai Suba Viktor Bologan - Ye Jiangchuan Vikror Bologan - Mihai Suba Kim Pilgaard - Konstantin Chernyshov Sergey Karjakin - Viswanathan Anand Vassily Ivanchuk - Teimour Radjabov Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu - Teimour Radjabov Shakhriyar Mamedyarov - Boris Gelfand Mihai Suba - Vladimir Okhotnik Alexei Shirov - Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu

Chapter 8

-

The Closed Games

Emil Diemer - Schuppler Vlad-Victor Barnaure - Jose Roca Galarza Lajos Portisch - Paul Keres Lev Polugaevsky - Eugenio Torre Garry Kasparov - Vladimir Kramnik

Game Index

365

Chapter 9 The Semi-Closed Games -

Siegbert Tarrasch - Alexander Alekhine Igor Naumkin - Alexander Shabalov Ferenc Peredy - Mihai Suba Garry Kasparov - Artur Yusupov Alexander Beliavsky - Mihai Suba Mihai Suba - Daniel Rivera Kuzawka Alexander Tolush - Mikhail Botvinnik Mikhail Tal - Zbigniew Szymczak Veselin Topalov - Vladimir Tukmakov Teimour Radjabov - Alexei Shirov Vladimir Tukmakov - Leonid Yurtaev Boris Gelfand - Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu

181 1 84 1 86 1 90/3 1 2 1 92/3 55 195 1 97 1 99 202 204 206 209

Chapter 10 - The Modem Benoni Vladimir Tukmakov - Mikhail Tal Nathan Birnboim - Mihai Suba Viktor Korchnoi - Mihai Suba Smbat Lputian - Mihai Suba Evgeny Gleizerov - Mihai Suba Pavel Eljanov - Veselin Topalov Jurijs Mihailovs - Mihai Suba

214 2 1 8/335 220 222/300 223 225 227

Chapter 1 1 - The Nimzo-lndian Defence Zdenko Kozul - Johann Hjartarson Peter Wells - Mihai Suba Ivan lvanisevic - Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu Program X - Program Y

23 1 233 236/304 239

Chapter 12 - The Queen's Indian Defence Walter Browne - Anatoly Karpov Bojan Kurajica - Anatoly Karpov Julio Granda Zuniga - Anatoly Karpov Vladimir Kramnik - Levon Aronian Petar Arnaudov - Mihai Suba

243 246 248 251 253

Chapter 13 - Flank Openings Rafael Vaganian - Albin Planinc Mihai Suba - Viktor Korchnoi

257 260/282

Positional Chess Sacrifices

366

James Plaskett-Tony Miles Ian Rogers - Mihai Suba Mihai Suba-Evgeniy Solozhenkin

262 265 267/321

Mihai Suba-Jesus De Ia Villa Garcia

271

Ulf Andersson-Alon Greenfeld

275

Viktor Korchnoi-Alon Greenfeld

276

Chapter 14

-

Pawn Sacrifices

Tigran Petrosian-Lajos Porrisch

279

Mihai Suba-Julio Granda Zuniga

280/357

Mihai Suba-Viktor Korchnoi

260/282

Chapter 15

-

Exchange Sacrifices

Alexander Tolush - Mikhail Botvinnik Samuel Reshevsky-Tigran Petrosian Rashid Nezhmetdinov-Oleg Chernikov

287 289 121/290

Lajos Portisch-Vasily Smyslov

291

Lajos Porrisch-Tigran Petrosian

293

Efim Geller-Anatoly Karpov

296

Mihai Suba-Aleksander Sznapik

298

Nigel Shorr-Jan Timman Smbat Lputian-Mihai Suba

64/299/325 222/300

Alexei Shirov -Vassily lvanchuk

93/301

Alexey Dreev - Gata Kamsky

31/303

Ivan lvanisevic- Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu Michael Deleva - Mihai Suba Teimour Radjabov- Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu Shakhriyar Mamedyarov -Boris Gelfand Chapter 16

-

236/304 306 97/307 155/309

Minor Piece Sacrifices

Garry Kasparov-Arrur Yusupov

190/312

Mihai Suba-Aldo Zadrima

313

Tony Miles - Mihai Suba

314

Chris Ward-Mihai Suba

316

Viktor Korchnoi-Laura Tamborini

318

Boo Garcia Parado - Mihai Suba Mihai Suba-Evgeniy Solozhenkin Mihai Suba-Andrei Arghirescu

320 267/321 322

Game Index

Chapter 17

-

367

Queen Sacrifices

Emil Diemer- Schuppler Nigel Short- Jan Timman

165/324 64/299/325

Ivan Cheparinov- David Navara

36/327

Constantin Lupulescu - Mihai Suba

38/328

Mihai Suba- Margeir Petursson Chapter 18

-

330

Other Sacrifices

Octavio Troianescu - Tigran Petrosian

46/333

Bent Larsen- Ulf Andersson

125/334

Nathan Birnboim- Mihai Suba

218/335

Lev Polugaevsky- Eugenio Torre

176/338

Mihai Suba- David Pardo Simon

339

Rudolf Spielmann - Baldur Hoenlinger

341

Mihai Suba- Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu

342

Chapter 19

-

Endgame Sacrifices

Frank Marshall- Jose Raul Capablanca

345

Jose Raul Capablanca- Savielly Tartakower

346

Stefano Rosselli del Turco- Akiba Rubinstein

347

T igran Petrosian- Boris Spassky Bent Larsen- Tigran Petrosian

348 76/349

Mihai Suba - Sticlaru

350

Vlastimil Hort - Mihai Suba

352

Mihai Suba - Vladimir Malakhov

353

Alexander Beliavsky - Mihai Suba

192/355

Mihai Suba- Julio Granda Zuniga

280/357

Vladimir Kramnik- Mikhail Ulibin

358

Name Index A

Abrahams 1 90 Addison 53 Adla 65, 132 Akesson 277 Albin 74 Alburt 6 1 , 1 86 Alekhine 33, 74, 1 8 1 , 1 82, 1 83, 1 84, 1 8 5, 1 89, 1 95 , 362 Alekseev 240 Alexandrescu 360, 361 Alley 56 Anand 1 0, 1 4, 1 8, 1 9, 20, 94, 1 49, 1 5 1 , 1 62 Andersson 1 25 , 1 26, 275 , 276, 277, 334, 337 Antal 1 44 Arghirescu 322, 323 Arizmendi 1 1 5 Arnaudov 253 Aronian 1 50, 207, 25 1 , 252, 253 Aseev 207 Astrom 237 Atars 24 Azmaiparashvili 1 8 5

B Baburin 1 84, 1 8 5, 1 86 Bacrot 2 1 8 Badillo 1 3 Bakhtadze 94 Balashov 1 36 Bareev 26, 27, 28, 1 02, 1 1 4, 1 1 5 Barlov 1 85, 237 Barnaure 1 67 Becker 1 9 Bekemann 1 5 Beliavsky 6, 1 1 3, 1 1 4, 1 1 7, 1 5 8, 1 92, 1 93, 205, 355 Bellon Lopez 20, 60, 1 66, 361 Benjamin 1 86 Berbatov 2 1 0 Berezovsky I l l

Berliner 287 Birnboim 2 1 8, 335, 337 Blatny 29 Bogoljubow 1 95 Bohm 272, 273 Bologan 1 38, 1 40, 1 42, 1 44 Borvinnik 99, 1 1 3, 1 97, 1 99, 233, 287, 288, 289 Bronstein,D. 34, 44, 289 Bronstein,L. 44 Browne 243, 246, 362 Bukic 272 Byron 93 c Caesar 9 1 Capablanca 233, 237, 287, 293, 345, 346, 35 1 , 357 Caravan 1 87 Carlsen 22, 70, 73 Carson 1 4 Casper 5 6 Cebalo 237 Che Guevara 74 Cheparinov 36, 327, 328 Chepukaitis 262 Chernikov 1 2 1 , 290 Chernyshov 1 38, 145, 1 46 Chiricuta 360 Christ 1 1 1 Churchill 1 02 Ciocaltea 207, 336, 337, 36 1 Cvitan 258

D Dali 3 1 3 De Firmian 92 Degraeve 1 7 D e I a Villa Garcia 27 1 Deleva 306 De Remusat 360, 361 Diemer 1 65, 324

Name Index Domenech 6 1 Dominguez 1 1 4 Donsen 60 Dreev 3 1 , 1 77, 303 Dubinsky 1 1 4 Dunaev 1 1 8, 1 20 Dunst,K. 360 Dunst,T. 360 Durao 261 Dzagnidze 1 69 Dzindzichashvili 1 86

E Eckert 74 Einstein 3 1 6 Eismont 243 Eliot 58 Eljanov 225, 227 Erdal-Smith 50 Ermenkov 1 5 8 Essing 338 Evans 1 4

F Fernandez Romero 272 Fernando 1 3 2 Fine 5, 1 3 , 1 5, 296 Fischer 7, 1 5 , 33, 53, 54, 55, 58, 83, 84, 85, 86, 1 22, 1 24, 1 25, 1 84, 2 1 4, 360, 362 Flear 266 Foisor 2 1 9 Franco Ocampos 261 Franklin 220

G Galarza 1 67 Gallego Jimenez 240 Garcia 268 Garcia Parado 320 Gelfand 1 50, 1 55 , 1 56, 1 8 5, 209, 2 1 3, 309, 3 1 0, 3 1 1 Geller 1 22, 1 24, 1 25, 296, 298 Georgiev 3 1 5 Ghaem Maghami 1 8 1

369

Ghinda 1 27, 1 4 5 Ghizdavu 239 Giorgadze 233 Gleizerov 1 69, 223 Golubev 1 3 1 , 1 43, 207 Gonzales de la Torre 1 5 8 Grabliauskas 1 92 Granda Zuniga 248, 25 1 , 265, 280, 357 Greenfeld 275, 276, 277, 278 Griffiths 2 1 5 Grischuk 37 Gross 1 32 Groszpeter 58 Grunberg 352 Gufeld 1 58 Gurevich,D. 1 86 Gutierrez Castillo 44 H Haba 2 1 8 Haila 1 77 Hane 36 Hansen,L.B. 1 69 Harikrishna 1 1 6 Hebert 1 86 Heckert 56 Hellsten 1 92 Hillarp Persson 50, 237 Hiram 24 Hjartarson 23 1 Hodgson 3 1 6 Hoelzl 272 Hoenlinger 34 1 Holler 6 1 Hort 272, 352 Horvath,C. 6 1 Hubner 6, 1 67

I Illescas 1 52 lordachescu 98 lstratescu 1 3 1 , 240 lvanchuk 26, 28, 93, 98, 1 1 3, 1 1 4, 1 1 7, 1 1 9, 1 43, 1 52, 1 53, 207, 30 1 , 303

370

Positional Chess Sacrifices

lvanisevic 236, 237, 304

J Jakovenko 1 1 4 Jobava 1 8 1 K Kaidanov 1 8 5 , 2 1 9 Kalod 1 43 Kaminsky 259 Kamsky 26, 3 1 , 32, 1 06, 303, 304 Kapengut 2 1 4, 259 Karjakin 37, 1 49 Karpov 1 06, 1 27, 1 82, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 250, 2 5 1 , 296, 298 Kasparov 7, 1 0 , 14, 1 5 , 1 8, 1 9, 33, 94, 1 27, 1 49, 1 52, 1 56, 1 67, 1 76, 1 77, 1 78, 1 80, 1 90, 1 9 1 , 200, 207, 299, 3 1 2 Kerek 1 30 Keres 1 27, 1 73 Keresztely 1 9 Kharitonov 1 3 1 Khmelniker 254 Kindermann 1 27, 260 Kiss 2 1 9 Klovans 9 1 Kogan 1 93 Kondratiev 6, 9 Korchnoi 68, 1 90, 2 1 8, 2 1 9, 220, 228, 260, 276, 278, 282, 3 1 8, 362 Korneev 66, 69 Kovacevic 20, 58, 59, 60, 75 Kozul 23 1 Kramnik 28, 1 34, 1 67, 1 76, 1 80, 25 1 , 252, 253, 358 Kuijf 1 1 3 Kurajica 246 Kurnosov 39 Kuyindzhi 6 1 L Lamford 276 I.:Ami 1 1 4 Larsen 33, 76, 77, 79, 83, 84, 8 5 , 86, 1 02,

1 25 , 1 26, 1 90, 27 1 , 272, 334, 337, 349, 36 1 , 362 Lasker 1 42, 1 65 Lazarev 2 1 9 Leko 37, 94 Lenic 258 Lerner 233 Levin 9 1 Ljubojevic 272 Lobron 1 27, 1 29, 1 82 Lputian 2 1 4, 222, 300 Lupulescu 38, 328

M Malakhov 353 Malaniuk 1 68 Mamedyarov 1 5 5, 1 56, 309 Manor 1 93 Marin 1 50, 225, 226, 227, 252 Marshall 345, 346, 357 Martinez 18 5 Marttinen 1 77 Matsuura I 03 Maus 46 Mecking 60, 1 90 Mengarini 52 Messing 42 Mestel 268 Miettinen 1 5 Mihailovs 220, 227, 229 Mikhalchishin 6, 200 Miles 2 1 5 , 262, 263, 264, 272, 3 1 4 Minasian 1 08, 1 1 1 Miroshnichenko 1 8 5 Mnatsakanian 80 Molina 1 03 Moon 76 Morozevich 1 08, 1 09, I l l , 1 56, 207 Morphy 1 65 , 228 Muir 1 69 Murariu 1 1 6 Murey 22, 24, 1 24, 228 Murphy 1 3

Name Index

N Nakamura 22, 1 07, 252 Napier 93 Napoleon 360, 361 Naumkin 1 84 Navara 36, 37, 327, 328 Nazarenus 1 1 4 Nevednichy 1 87 Nezhmetdinov 1 2 1 , 290 Nielsen 1 1 4 Nikitinyh 22 Nikolic,M. 1 23 Nilsson 88 Nimzowitsch 1 1 , 33, 66, 99, 1 42, 2 1 0, 223, 289, 292, 293, 355 Nisipeanu 61, 97, 98, 1 30, 1 53, 1 6 1 , 1 62, 1 64, 209, 2 1 3, 236, 304, 306, 307, 342 Nogueiras 265, 266 Nunn 95 0 O'Brien 1 06 Ochoa de Echaguen 1 34 Okhotnik 1 57, 1 59 Olafsson,F. 258 Onischuk 37 Oppenheimer 38 Orsag 1 32 p Pachman 74 Padevsky 42 Pardo Simon 339 Parligras 1 30, 1 32 Paturi 42 Pavlov 1 06, 145 Peredy 1 86 Perez Candelario 1 36, 1 58 Perez Garcia 1 03 Petkov 1 7 Petrosian 7, 46, 47, 76, 77, 78, 79, 99, 1 00, 1 0 1 , 1 02, 1 06, 1 07, 1 1 8, 1 1 9, 1 20,

371

1 2 1 , 239, 279, 280, 286, 287, 289, 290, 293, 294, 295, 296, 333, 334, 348, 349, 350, 36 1 Perursson 277, 3 1 5, 330 Philidor 1 5 5 Piker 272 Pilgaard 1 38, 1 45 Piotrowski 40 Planinc 58, 60, 257, 259, 260 Plaskett 262, 264, 276 Polgar 1 1 4, 162 Polugaevsky 1 76, 338, 339 Portisch 99, 1 0 1 , 1 02, 1 73, 1 74, 1 75, 257, 279, 29 1 , 292, 293, 294, 296, 3 1 5 Psakhis 1 36, 1 44, 2 1 4, 220, 226, 266 Purdy 287

R Radjabov 97, 98, 1 52, 1 53, 1 5 5, 204, 205, 206, 2 1 0, 307 Ragozin 237 Rakic 48 Ravi 87 Ree 273 Reicher 362 Reshevsky 289, 290 Richter 6 Rivera Kuzawka 1 95 Robson 1 44, 1 8 5 Rodriguez Cespedes 48, 66, 266 Rodriguez Guerrero 40 Rodriguez Lopez 1 3 1 , 1 33, 1 34 Rogers 265, 326, 36 1 Rojahn 34, 44 Romanishin 86, 88, 1 1 9 Rosita 64 Rosselli del Turco 347 Rowe 40 Rubinstein 347 Rublevsky 1 43 s Sakaev 1 77 Sandipan 87

The definitive works on the greatest ever positional player STRATEGIC

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Play like a Grandmaster! "The authors take the theory of this opening several years into the future with their countless improvements over existing theory and analysis, including several very important new ideas for White" - Carsten Hansen, ChessCafe.com

Nikolaos Ntirlis & Jacob Aagaard The Tarrasch Defence 356 pages e e e

l OOs of novelties Deep analysis side-by-side with pracrical ideas Honest and human evaluations everywhere

"Most opening books are a collection of existing knowledge and a few extra ideas in critical positions. This is not the case with Jacob Aagaard's and Nikolaos Ntirlis' (called Nikos) new book on the Tarrasch Defence in the Queen's Gambit. The book is the result of a large piece of research where the rwo authors have succeeded in turning completely new pages in opening theory. Before The Tarrasch Defence was published the opening was considered dubious, but now that it is here, all super-GMs have been recalled to the laboratory. All main lines have been repaired, including those no one knew were broken. Have a look: l .d4 d5 2 .c4 e6 3.t2lc3 c5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.l2lf3 t2lc6 6.dxc5! This line has always been considered completely harmless, bur ir is not and is handled over 37 pages! (Don't fear - Black will be all right in the end.) The book is ground breaking and sets new standards for the future of opening books." - GM Sune Berg Hansen,

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Let a Grandmaster Guide you!

e Indian Oefe

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Playing l .d4 - The Queen's Gambit

Playing l .d4 - The Indian Defences

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• ir * ... • :l • ... ir * • :l

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POSiUiON8L

cHess sac16iFices In chess, sacrificing material is the most dramatic way to try to seize the advantage. Most sacrifices have a forcing aim in mind, but most profound of all are positional sacrifices where the end is impossible to foresee and thus fine judgment, understanding and intuition are required. Such sacrifices are a mystery to many players, but acclaimed author and grandmaster Mihai Suba explains the secrets of this technique in his characteristically bold and humorous style.

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