Porsche 911 Buyer's Guide 0760309477, 9780760309476

Citation preview

J0*

Randy

Leffingwell

*

/

Digitized by the Internet Archive in

2012

http://www.archive.org/details/porsche911buyers00rand

H I

-I

J/iAjfe £jll]jJa

Randy

Leffingwell

MOTORBOOKS

I

First

published

Randy

All

by

MBI Publishing Company and Motorbooks. an

MN 55401 USA

Minneapolis.

©

2002

in

MBI Publishing Company, 400 1st Avenue North, Suite 300.

imprint of

Leffingwell.

2002

rights reserved. With the exception of quoting brief

purposes of review, no part of

this publication

passages

for the

may be reproduced

without prior

written permission from the Publisher.

The information All

who

or Publisher, of this

We

in

this

book

is

true

and complete to the best of our knowledge.

recommendations are made without any guarantee on the part of the author also disclaim any

liability

incurred

in

connection with the use

data or specific details.

recognize, further, that

some words, model names, and

mentioned herein are the property of the trademark identification

Motorbooks

purposes

titles

only.

This

is

not an

official

are also available at discounts

holder.

400

We use them

in

bulk quantity for industrial

Manager

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ISBN 978-0-7603-0947-6 Cover photos by Randy Leffingwell

Edited by Darwin

Layout by

Tom

Holmstrom

Heffron and Katie

'ong

Sonmor

for

publication.

or sales-promotional use. For details write to Special Sales

Publishing Company.

designations

Foreword

4

Chapter 21: The

New "B" Program-1981

126

Introduction

5

Chapter 22: The

New "C" Program-1982

132

6

Chapter 23: The

New "D" Program-1983

138

Chapter 24: The

New

Program-1984

144

Chapter 25: The

New "P Program-1985

150

Chapter 26: The

New "G" Program-1986

156

Chapter 27: The

New "H" Program-1987

162

Chapter 28: The

New

Program- 1988

168

Chapter 29: The

New "K" Program-1989

174

Chapter 30: The

New

180

Chapter 31: The

New "M" Program-1991

188

Chapter 32: The

New "N" Program-1992

194

Chapter 33: The New "P" Program-1993

200

Chapter

1:

How

Chapter

2:

Open and Shut Cases:

to

Buy a Used Porsche

Targas and Cabriolets

Chapter

3:

19

Even with a Gray Market, There's Nothing Black and White

22

Chapter

4:

The Original "0" Series-1965

24

Chapter

5:

The "0" Series Continues-1966

30

Chapter

6:

Last Year of the "0" Series-1967

Chapter

7:

The

Chapter

8:

The "B" Series-1969

48

Chapter

9:

The "C" Series-1970

54

"A"

60

Chapter 11: The "E" Series-1972

66

Series- 1973

Chapter 13: The

"P

Series

Continued-1973 1/2

"L"

Chapter 34: The

New

"R" Program-1994

206

Chapter 35: The

New

"S" Program-1995

212

Chapter 36: The "New"T Program-1996

218

Chapter 37: The "New" V Program-1997

224

72

.

78

Chapter 14: The "G" Series- 1974

84

Chapter 15: The "H" Series-1975

90

Chapter 38: The "New"

Series-1976

96

Chapter 17: The "J" Series-1977

102

Chapter 18: The "K" Series-1978

108

Chapter 16: The

"I"

Chapter 20: The

New

"A"

Program-1980

114 120

Program-1998

230 236

Chapter 40: The "New" Y Program-2000

242

New 1A Series-2001

Index

Series-1979

"L"

W

Chapter 39: The "New" X Program-1999

Chapter 41: The

Chapter 19: The

Program-1990

42

Chapter 10: The "D" Series-1971

"P

"J"

.... 36

Series-1968

Chapter 12: The

"E"

248

254

It's

risks. Overall,

such a book could sound negative

about the subject at hand. But that

My

philosophy

is,

not

is

"forewarned

may be as conscientious as you

is

will

my

forearmed." Not every owner

be when you buy your 1st or

Make no

mistake: There

is

nothing

like

a Porsche. They are

in in

this this

book are

still

in

The two oldest

more than 200,000

of those driven by current

owners.They are engi-

neered to be driven, not just aimed or "operated." For more than 50 years Porsche owners and drivers have

other

auto

known a

company using the phrase, 'The

truth:

Germany's

ultimate

driving

machine," has only appropriated that expression from the world's

One

of these

daily driver

911

maker's claim.

owners has a sticker on the rear window of

Carrera. Written

It

in

German,

it

to

be

in

at least

parodies another car

redline,

into a turn, of riding that

unmatched. No other car drives or sounds

squat

like this.

tune

for this

book: "A

911 Porsche

"You have to check the

with."

is better."

"Run

is

oil it

to the redline

Porsches have always been expensive. Factoring the

Gmund coupe

sold for the

same

price as a

The designing, engineering and testing needed ble of

300,000 miles

fect from the start. But with

and

Randy

today.

capa-

all

each passing

and

Porsches have been peryear,

911s have

good 911. Drive hard. Smile a lot

Leffingwell

Ojai, California

inflation,

to build cars

stronger.

find a

in

new Boxster S

of high-performance driving requires time

strong parts, and these cost money. Not

better

something

and under-

once a dayT

his

translates "Porsche: The Heartbeat of Germany."

adhesion

stand that running the engine harder

Go

true ultimate driving machine.

of

Porsches are not for everyone. Consider the following quotes

the hands of their original buyers. Four

book each have more than 275,000 miles on them, with

is

edge

from resellers interviewed

YOU have

long-lived sports cars, not disposable appliances.

cars

of trail-braking at the

that lateral sway,

intent.

14th Porsche.

cars

The noise, the sensations of accelerating a Porsche to

very difficult to write a useful buyer's guide without pointing

out problems and

gotten

For several years now, after taking over production of the

Porsche Buyer's Guide from my

Illustrated

Batchelor, others of

on which Porsche

my

revisions.

I

to buy.

reviewed Dean's

I

improvements.

guide," It

and take along

way

a

I

my

help

first,

became

knew that

all

needed

friends

this

new

become more

models and

appear

to

in

Gone from the

own judgments on the

can

years and

top-to-bottom all-new

previous Porsche buyer's guides are the unob-

tainable racing models. With this book, you can read about and

your

to

for

the items listed, often at reduced cost. However, the

find in

regular production street

newspapers or auto sales

some models

definitely there are

lots.

make

models that you

There are decidedly

some

bad reputations, and most

that have earned

even more cars to desire with every molecule of

your enthusiast being.

The opening chapter

will

for a car,

any

car.

Porsche 911 models, but you can use nearly

ommendations and procedures

shop

to

It

all

is

oriented toward

of the general rec-

for a Pontiac or a

Packard

as well as your dream 911 Turbo Slant Nose Cabnolet. Two shorter follow.

The goal of

provide you with a detailed procedure

when you go shopping

chapters

"used" and

Nonfactory (aftermarket) replacements are available all

been accumulating

this

listed

quality can vary greatly.

their

guide book.

to follow

nearly

series of Color Buyer's

I'd

I've

factory.

third

themselves from costly mistakes.

the information

be higher.

will

second, and

less valuable for a serious buyer to study

to protect

models

Sport version

"restoration" prices for items no longer available (NLA) from the

wrote the updates and

of identifying

When Motorbooks proposed Guides,

I

described. Generally, prices for the Targa, Cabriolet, Turbo, or

to ask for advice

recognized that, overtime, the book had

"spotter's

of a

me

friends have called

editions, as well as the fourth, for which

Dean

friend, the late

Chapter Two addresses the open cars, the Targa and

Cabrio models, for those buyers interested

these cars. Chapter

in

this

book

is

make

to

and purchasing stresses manageably

the car shopping, examining, low,

money. Look

carefully,

Be ready

look.

your finances car you desire

do your homework, and be patient while you

walk away from the wrong

to

order

in

so the driving and pleas-

spending your hard-earned

ure quotients remain very high. You're

when you

car,

and be ready with

find the right one.

Be

patient.

The

out there.

is

Three introduces you to the murky world of gray-market cars.

book addresses each

After these detailed shoppers' guides, this

model

generally agree

You

will

was the

first

notice that

I

repeat information as problems often I

have a specific year or a range of years

may not know

in

imagine that you

I

to read that material

the redundancies

cal

well.

was solved the year

is

list

if

you haven't been

So, with that

in

mind, forgive

here. Within

prices for minor

and work from one model year

to the next.

$105

and major service at dealerships and independ-

per hour at this writing.

I've

$75

figured prices at an average

competition at the time

and

"reliability" refer to

a daily driver.

term

new

factory parts at

list

price

unless otherwise noted. Prices are for parts only and do not include the labor to install them.

mally aspirated, two-wheel-drive

ings to

I

and they represent

you disagree with any of the evaluations

in

the present day, it's

compare the car

What

have chosen parts for nor-

it

plate,

in

practical

terms as being

should be apparent that the goal of these in

911 coupes, unless otherwise

who

text.

to or better than the best of to the best, better

a par with

2-Below average

its

rat-

the ballpark of your car selection. To get

you must read the

4-Almost equal

its

competition.

than most others.

competitors. Not bad, just average.

or expectations.

1-Don't leave home without a

See

its

important to remember that long-

the ratings mean:

5— Equal

to

production. "Parts availability"

repair.

to get you only

home

was

only as good as the quality of the mechanic

reliability is

is

it

addition,

In

performed the

3-On

of $90.

Parts prices are quoted for

carefully considered, If

Labor

ent shops vary across the country but generally range from to

sources.

here, please look to the text for explanations.

That said,

each chapter

a box that reports parts and service prices for an identi-

of pieces

many

Acceleration, comfort, and handling

you do choose to read every page.

must make an important note

I

there

if

as

will

mind as you shop. You

that a problem appeared or

before or after the one that you're looking at

warned

shown

don't expect this book to be read

a novel, from cover to cover. Rather,

ratings

These ratings were input from

production model year.

continued from year to year. like

A note on

year by year, beginning with 1965, which historians

in detail,

text for explanations.

See

cellular

text.

phone.

a Used Porsche

How do

911?

you find a good

A

The only way to be certain you're buying a solid car to take

service

an authorized dealer or qualified independent

to

it

for

facility

appointment and expect

to

provide you a printed

charges seller

for

But

tion, yet

there's

the car

do take a

of

seems

lot

solid

list

back

that won't

moment when

that

let

you take

it

for

an inspec-

and strong? Without an inspection, you

beyond your budg-

is

right

one at your

I'll

advise you to thank the seller for

money

to repair. Unless you are

an experienced

1A.

Run your

check

body seams, door panels, door

fingers along

gaps or seams. Where to the body,

There should be no uneven surfaces,

roof.

fixed

windows (and windshield) seals attach

gaps and undulations. This might mean the car

for

has had a big accident. Look

appears bubbled below

for paint that

until

the factory began galvanizing the steel to protect

later

models

rust

as

this. Direct

911s

For this screening process, you'll

wet-and-dry paper towelette

will

will

for air conditioning

to stick into the air vent.

A

tire

need no tools other than

get your

hands

clean you up. You

dirty

once; a

may want

a

and heating temperature tests

gauge

will

Used car

over.)

these

will

not always

it

and, equally important, to occupy the seller while you examine

a car the insurance

the car.

shop acquired the wreck as

These tests

will >

what you

it

runs straight.

reflect that

you'll

eliminate risks of what

understand what

is

may

right with the car you're

be more sure you're getting a better

car.

Be wary

if

Porsches for

seldom have the

lots

a

pri-

partial

records.

are unitized construction, floor pan. other structural

and many body panels constitute the

as a

Its title

rule.

"salvage,"

One car

gives

it

and

in this

away, and

more

is

rebuilt

it.

Yet even this

is

book was a "salvage" and its

resale value always

will

result.

Theft recovery

is

mem-

a total loss. Then a body

is

another kind of "salvage." Typically enough of

the car has been removed that the insurance it

mean-

"frame." The worst case

company has declared

not a black-and-white

eliminate dangerous and costly problems.

each stage,

you'll

night;

later.

911s

has no frame as such. The

bers,

budget should remain your secret. Don't buy a car at

drive

show body damage.

Bring along an observant friend to serve as a second pair of eyes,

can't see you'll pay for

of the car.

Everyone consulted for this book agreed you should not buy a

ing that

Your color preference or your

do

Authorized dealers can check their computers for service histories, but

car that has crashed. Porsche

seller.

life

(Some owners

might bring a flashlight to shine into the engine compartment and

Don't be open with the

to

reveals.

business use and need to keep their receipts; you don't need to have

them, just look them

be beneficial, too. You

places where you cannot get your eyes.

it

1C. Look at repair records for the

a small mirror to hold

in

some

But

open shade

angles. Use

all

sun conceals more than

vate owner has no receipts.

your eyes, ears, and nose. You

it

well.

IB. View the entire car from

Porsche mechanic able to do the work yourself, just thank the seller

and walk away.

for

price.

the surface. This indicates rust, something that plagued early

real

thermometer

one

if

SECTION 1. BEGIN WITH THE CAR BODY

time and walk away. These are problems serious enough

you

you find the

jambs, and around the

risk.

didates. Throughout this chapter

to cost

advice here: Don't drive only one of the models you

drive at least three, especially

You must build a log of experiences that you have to draw on

to the

There are things you can check yourself to eliminate flawed can-

his or her

et.

bit of

Do

problems and estimated repair

afford a dealer inspection for every car you like?

one on a

want.

A Porsche dealer service technician

list

to adjust the selling price accordingly.

it

who can if

inspection.

anything they find. You can take this

and use

And what

Make an pay between $75 and $105 for

prepurchase

a

this hour-long examination. will

is

cost-effective to replace the car.

company determines

These cars generally have

not been damaged, just stripped of resaleable parts.

It

will

cost you

the price of the car plus the parts.

may be

this

a

good

If

you are a competent mechanic,

bet; otherwise you'll

was

deal to reinstall what

someone

pay

else a great

stolen.

Generally, leased vehicles are adequately maintained. Lessors,

knowing the car

often drive hard

isn't theirs,

and

arrive

late for

records for cars done at U.S.

required service intervals. Service

authorized dealers are computerized and retrievable.

manual

ID. Inspect the car's service

Porsche dealers.

If

see that

to

warranty

all

met and performed by authorized

period service intervals were

there are no entries at

in

all

the factory-provided

service book, thank the seller for his or her time, and leave now.

SECTION

2.

LOOK AT THE ENGINE

2A. Shine your flashlight onto every engine surface you can see.

The small mirror

show you the back and undersides. Look

will

gross evidence of leaks, big smears of line.

seepage

Slight

acceptable.

is

the rest of the car checks out

If

through this screening process, the prepurchase inspection the seeps and

you what they

tell

for

or obvious trails of gaso-

oil

will

notice

signify.

2B. With the engine compartment open, watch the engine and

exhaust pipes (a friend can help

non-911 model). Have the and

you are looking at a front-engined

if

Does

seller start the engine.

rock back

it

as the starter engages, suggesting motor mounts have

forth

$800

failed (an

long to start?

repair including parts

and

installation)?

what comes out of the exhaust pipe

Is

Does

it

take

white, gray, black,

or invisible?

On

cool or cold mornings,

some A

the engine warms, this should stop. cially

on

earlier

models,

the engine burns

owner and

is

pale gray steam

slight puff of white

entirely acceptable.

Smell the exhaust

oil.

If it

is

normal. As

smoke, espe-

A steady cloud suggests

smells

like oil,

thank the

leave.

Black smoke

may come from a vacuum

failures, or fuel injection

down and

system malfunctions.

may

Black smoke also

repair.

up with carbon because

its

driving use

emission system

leak, All

are costly to track

indicate an engine loaded

is

short, in-town jaunts.

The

Two brothers own these 1965 models representing the 911

truly

warm, so

fuel

and

oil

deposits accumulate

in

the engine.

2C. Do not touch the gas pedal starting a fuel-injected If

the seller must

this indicates a

pump

addition, the engine

In

states.

may burn exhaust (if it

even

NOTE: For your Struts are

On

$90 each,

valves

starts), safety,

will

its

motor,

and

own. This

not pass

and thank the

is

smog

and perhaps

an expensive tests

in

most

pistons. Shut off

seller

and

leave.

make

sure the engine hood stays up.

and

the seller might not replace those.

installed,

the turbo models, these hold up an

and

car.

massive vacuum/air leak that prevents the engine

problem.

the engine

production year and the

the gas pedal on a fuel-injected engine,

from getting enough fuel to start on

It

in its

356 C in its final year. For 1948, Erwin Kommenda's organic-shaped 356 was as startling as Butzi Porsche's angular 911 25 years later. first

engine never gets

oil cooler,

rear

window wiper

the heavy rear wing as well.

2D. Listen for any noise besides a nice exhaust sound, such as tapping, thumping, whirring or hissing. Let the engine run for 10

minutes and check temperatures. The needle should remain below the halfway point on perature gauge on 2E. Smell for

oil

996 oil,

temperature gauges and on the water-temwater-cooled models.

coolant, or gas.

the engine off immediately.

ment gas 2F.

line

If

leaks that can start a

you didn't smell these

running, turn

it

off, sniff

If

you find any of these, shut

Some models

again,

develop engine compart-

fire.

critical fluids

and

listen.

while the engine

Crackling sounds

was

com-

ing from the engine of the water-cooled cars suggest the engine

overheating

in

the cylinders. Water jackets

may be

clogged,

oil

is

may

not be circulating properly, the the

pump

oil

cooler

may be

clogged, and/or

is failing.

Gurgling sounds suggest problems

in

the cooling system, such

water

insufficient flow through the radiator or a failing

as

996 models.The ment. The

oil

cooler or radiator

or water

oil

2G. Check the before

it's

pump may need

oil

started. Don't

squeeze with your

hose fail

If

is

at

when

the hoses are firm

too

time soon.

If

and warm, not

off

fingers; they're hot.

end of a Bic pen

Use

to press the

they're hot. they are fine.

the inner lining has broken

soft,

some

flat

pump on

or replace-

replacement.

hoses with the engine

the eraser-end of a pencil or the

hoses.

may need cleaning

If

the

down and the hose

will

the hose has swollen around the clamps

or fittings, this also indicates

hose

failure.

SECTION 3. TIRES, WHEELS, BRAKE ROTORS, AND SUSPENSION Before you tires. in

This

will

the ranges

move the

car,

check the

give you the "cold" pressure you'll find

an indication of the

air

pressure

and

it

will

911S models can support selling prices of $30.000-plus when 1969 model year car. The current owner re-created the four-pipe sport-exhaust, which may be too loud for some tastes but seems perfect on an S model. Early

all

four

should be with-

on the chart below. This also

seller's attention to routine

in

they're in the condition of this

give you

maintenance: a slight difference

5 or 8

thing desirable

make

or low,

pump

in

tire

a

to the next hints at casual care, not

preowned Porsche.

a note of cold pressures

determine

if

much more You'll

3A.

pressures are

off,

and when you stop at a

this in the driving section.) This is

handling

are

ills

choppy

serious problems.

get your

hands

now.

dirty

Rub your hand along the

ski

and

tread on

will feel like

jumps, while the undulations

valleys

on the tread of the

or they can ring the entire tread.

If

tire.

all

four

tires,

Generally

someone about

tires,

so these

will feel

like

gently rolling

They can occur

equal tread depth, are the for the car.

Mismatched

patches, in

any

closer look.

spend $1,000

to

you a great deal. Be sure they have

same

tires

in

the surface feels uneven

to sell their car won't

will tell

feeling for

a series of small, short,

down on your hands and knees and take a

way, get

replace

necessary to

pressure related or represent

tire

ndges or undulations. The ridges

hills

(If tire

say,

some-

before going on the driving test, adjust pressures accord-

More on

ingly.

reasonable but differences of more than,

is

from one

psi

brand, and are the appropriate size

suggests the seller dealt cheaply with

other service needs as well.

Ridges on treads indicate poor shock absorber condition. Undulations suggest the alignment

damaged, from Examine face of the

hitting a curb, for

all

rotor.

four disc brake rotors.

You should

faces. Ridges indicate the

Few buyers

remove a headlight to check for rust, but be aware camouflage corrosion behind good are examining a car that has lived all its life near an

is

feel

wrong or suspension

no

Run your finger along the

ridges, just

sur-

smooth, even sur-

owner has run the pads past tolerance.

will

Grooves (which you can

is

example.

feel with

your finger tips)

mean

the owner

tetic repaints

m

>r

Inspection

in

may be

northern states that use road salt worthwhile.

in winter, this

used aftermarket brake pads that are

beyond tolerance and scored the use no

rivets for just this

reason.

rotor.

riveted together.

Factory pads are

These wore

bonded and

This

the ideal way to encounter Porsche's Typ

is

905 Sportomatic

transmission: after a complete rebuild, sitting on a work bench, on display,

not intended for use.

It

was not a bad transmission, but now

parts and, especially, seals are spectacularly expensive. Owners often replace ailing Sportomatics with

edge

Feel the outside

the owner has ignored

all

manual transmissions.

of the rotor.

If

there

is

a

lip, it

suggests

service warnings that the pads have gone

too far and have begun to score the rotors. Depending on the depth of the

the rotor

lip,

may be beyond

can turn a Porsche

Some

tolerance.

rotor once. Others say no.

people say you

Thank the owner.

Leave now. If

there

was no

lip,

reach inside the wheel wells to feel the inside

edge of the wheels. Porsche wheels, forged from a strongest available for the car (and

Nearly

among

solid billet, are the

the strongest anywhere).

aftermarket wheels are cast, poured into molds.

all

Some

The 2.2-liter engine decals are no longer available from Porsche, but they are available from several aftermarket sources. They are desirable for restorations.

aftermarket wheels shatter upon impact with a curb. Others distort

and can never be the inside, you

trued.

determine better what

you

If

may have

a

feel scuffs,

bumps,

bad wheel. Later

ripples, or cuts

on

be able

to

on, you

will

problem may be during an early portion

this

of the road test.

Now

go to the front of the

the fender-you can dent

it.)

front

bumper

(not

Did you feel any binding or hear any

Repeat

that each rebounds

4E. ly,

If

on

all

four corners of the car,

(comes back up)

at the

same

It

should do

making sure

seller

and

leave.

If,

however, the car has passed these

you can go on and look inside the passenger compartment.

ly

THE INTERIOR, EVIDENCE OF CARE OR ABUSE WILL BE MORE SUBTLE it

bind, squeak, or

for the oil to

and debns

do

to the

its

filter.

Because

of this

true cleaning func-

Short hops actual-

and bond them

4B. Are the door seals cracked, chipped, or split?

through these onto the carpet, the carpet soaks

into the

fall

driver's door, feel

as you move

it?

It

the door

in

your

should be even,

it

up.

When

rain drips

The top

layer of

the carpet dries; the underlayer holds moisture and rusts out the rock-

beam, which provides the main

feel

structural integrity that

makes you

secure pitching the car into a 50-mile per hour turn at 80.

Lift

car-

pets and mats and look for rust Crawl underneath and look again. Use your mirror to see where you cannot

climb into the

car.

Just

fit.

sit.

Do not touch

4C. Close your eyes. Move your body around

4. IN

4A. As you swing open the

hand. Does

driver ingress-egress.

force these deposits onto engine surfaces

Now

SECTION

misshapen or lumpy, the car saw mostly short

tions of carrying deposits

er

rate.

the suspension does not perform smoothly and quiet-

thank the

tests,

this

cracked or worn, the stitching bro-

varnish-like sludge.

bounce more than once? Does the car rock?

of these.

If it's

around town with frequent

3C. As the suspension brings the car back up, does the car clunk

none

seat around the side edge of the

driver's

remained there long enough

down on the

noise except a gentle hiss?

or gurgle, or

Look at the

kind of use, the engine rarely reached operating temperature or

car.

3B. Give a quick, sharp push

fluid.

ken, the inner padding trips

You can clean your hands now.

and

level,

seat cushion or side bolster.

feel

if

the seat moves, wiggles, or

may have been weakened due allows play

in

makes

noise.

to a crash or

If

anything. in

because

the seat bolts that should never

the seat and

so, the floor

pan

of rust, which

exist. (This is

the

reason to check the

integrity of the seatbelts

as

well.

element of the handling and cornering security you possibility

is

that the previous

who enjoyed vigorous

vidual

frame and mounting

bolts.

If

and leave now. Replacing a only

if

Another

owner was an extremely heavy driving that

has stressed the seat

floor

pan

is

or the

1973

1964

prototypes, the

Do

about 25 percent of its

in

interior.

leather

Is

entire production

in

it

has

the United States, especially on dash panels.

1980s through boards because

is

Southern

ending up

in

difficulty with

their warranty failure rate

up and down. There should be no

play,

was so

pull

it

no movement. Many drivers

use steering wheels as handles as they get

certain you yet.

adjust the seat to

fit

in

or out.

Do

your comfort and safety

can push the clutch pedal to the

this

make

it)

to

be holding tight

sure the clasps

Then

will

restart the car your-

it

making

in

a

if it's

model year 1977

your lap, tap on the brake pedal a fluid

up to pressure. Then press as

down on the pedal as you can 10

Pedal pressure must remain constant

and gets harder as you pump seller,

and go home. A

rising

If

you can shut

it,

times. Use

the pedal off

pumps up

the engine, thank

brake pedal indicates system prob-

lems that may include vacuum leaks, water

in

the brake

fluid,

or a

failed brake booster.

5B.

If

the brakes pass this test, keep

What you

are doing

dashboard, and listening

not driving

for wear, tear.

engine running. You need engine

both legs.

enough,

level,

floor. (You're

If

there

the dash, turn

making them expensive. But making them difficult for routine city

especially, are rare,

range, conditioning.

hard and as far

sible.

but you need the leverage.) Put on the belt (check

lels,

10

supposed

power brake system

couple of times to bring the

the

high.

from side to side and

you loosen up steering column mounts.

Now

is

or later U.S. car.

From the mid-

the mid-1990s. Porsche did not offer leather dash-

4D. Hold the steering wheel. Try to

for the

5A. With your hands

the world

sunny seven-county area. Porsche admits

leather

it

this next section with the

vacuum boost

NOTE: Leather. Porsche's largest market

hot.

when

SECTION 5. TESTING BRAKE PEDAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FIREWALL INTEGRITY

cracked or dried out? Are knobs cracked or missing?

a

play

half-a-dozen times to

touching the steering wheel.

self without

RS Carreras are worth

lightweight

look at the general condition of the

California, with

and it

not hang up when you need to get out of

Few

expense.

Now

Fasten and release

an expense you undertake

other than the extremely rare

1967 91 1R models,

indi-

grease, or any slack

the seat does wiggle, thank the owner

you're completely restoring a car worth the expense.

911 models,

this

They are an

feel.)

they're

is it

now

for

is

pumping as hard as pos-

looking for any

any noise or movement around the off.

thank the

movement on

the

creaks and moans.

seller,

floor

and go home. Crash

boards or integrity

an acquired taste: Their 200-horsepower engines developed example boasted both a factory sunroof and factory air

traffic. This

in

may

One of Porsche's most desirable models

is this

lightweight version of the

1973 RS

replicas that should sell for about one-third of the price of a real example. real,

Carrera.

It is

likely in

Porsches, a previous driver

was

earlier

bad crash. Equally

very hard on brakes. They can

actually crack the firewall pretending they're Ricky Racer turn one. Or the car

is

owner

really

saw a

lot of

and every

cor-

time on race tracks and the

was Ricky Racer.

buy. While this

5D. test,

model

is

with Tiptronic transmissions, starting

1968 through 1977 and

in

cars

model year 1990. once the

brakes and the firewall/dashboard pass this

ond, with the engine at

brake/emergency brake.

range, waiting at each selection for a

200 rpm on

test,

keep your feet on

full

minute. You should see a

the tach and feel a very slight nudge as

or

it

takes

30 seconds,

if

for

example,

for the

requires any

it

fully

in

the clutch

transmission to

if

If

the brake

you get 15

vacuum between the engine and

rotors, calipers,

will

"clunk"

in.

is

beginning to

hard, shaking the car.

If

fail.

you do

I

strongly advise

and very

costly

when you

long before they are ever installed

and so

give up in despair

and

install

can. Seals can dry out the cost of the rebuild

manual gearboxes.

conversion can be less costly than a Sporto rebuild.

six to eight clicks,

If

six to eight

on the foot

the car moves

thank the

seller

test for a

manual transmission model

or reverse gears. Look around very care-

make

sure you have plenty of open

fails.)

clicks, for

example, or the car moves, the rear

worn out and you may need

to replace both rear

and the emergency brake cable. in

5E.

This

If

some models

it

(This

is

a very

runs through a tunnel, and

everything passes to this point, then, with the engine

at idle, put the car

ture

gauge moves

in

off

neutral, parking brake on.

When

still

the tempera-

the bottom stop, and only then, give the gas

pedal a couple of good raps. Testing this before the engine has reached temperature can

wasted when the freshly redone transmission leaks within days.

Many owners

is

expensive job;

anyone considering acquiring a car

with the Sportomatic transmission to reconsider. Spare parts are difficult to find

sec-

technicians justifiably charge for their time.)

experience any delay, thank the seller and go home.

NOTE:

same in first

before you try this test to

brake system

transmission,

more than

(You can do this

by easing

catch up to your selection, the warm-up regulator, which controls the

Gear engagement

should be no more than

It

in

up on the hand brake/parking

and go home.

space

gears engage. If

idle. Pull

brake pedal and be certain the car does not move.

the brake and slowly run the automatic gearshift through the gear

drop of 100 to

the Sportomatic or Tiptronic passes the transmission

If

hold your feet on the brake and place the gear selector

clicks with increasing pressure. Slowly release pressure

5C. For Sportomatic models from

is

many Porsche owners have created

so popular that

numbers on any RS Carrera before you

serial

marry owners enjoy the replicas because they can drive them anywhere without risking their large investment.

have been compromised, possibly through an

ner

Check

mask

a sticking throttle cable which you can

temperature has begun to

rise.

tell

only once engine

(The cables frequently stick

if

the

11

Your

any or

stop on the road test should be a service station

first

the station, the tires

pressure again

have heated up

will

the low

in

pressure and

you add. For example,

air

how much

psi difference will affect

to

overinflate the tire

is

rear

(While that

ahead of the

tires, to

check

If

visible

27

rise to

or

Watch also

deck

failing

front

a residue

in

It

sure the

and can be read

merits a reminder.

In

may become pressure

psi cold

air

very hot

medium

distance at

if

the

or high

may heat up and

pump. Adding those

may

give you

40

psi,

a

maximum recommenthe maximum and adjust

many

attention to

now ready

for the

test.

heavy

in

traffic. if

You cannot possibly you are paying close

other drivers.

lids.

lids stay

6A. During the drive, ask the seller to remain quiet You need

up

to hear the car.

all

the

First drive to

usually, however, leaves

the ball-and-cap at the end of the throttle cable at the

in

smooth

a

stretch of road with a lot of room.

complexes are best

industrial

for this.

You are testing

brakes here. These are not panic stops, just routine braking. At

30

miles per hour, brake with a steady, even pressure. You are looking for

any undulation

in

the steering wheel, shaking, pulling from side to side,

carburetor linkage or fuel injection throttle body. This residue can

pulsing or vibrating through the pedal, the noise of metal-on-metal

make

the throttle cable stick.)

from failed pads, or a chirping sound that indicates cracked brake

5F Once you are

rotors

off

the peg, the engine rpm response should

be instantaneous with a nice growl from the exhaust. Now press the pedal and raise the rpm to 2,500 and release

tachometer needle. The tach, beginning

in

it

while watching the

1976,

is

electronically

actuated and spring loaded. The rpm needle should

fall

sync with the engine noise. There should be no needle signifies moisture in the electronics.

If

there

is lag,

back

lag.

thank the

A

in

(around 6C.

installed, not including calipers

and

feeling with your fingers on the steer-

shakes, shimmies, or any

unsettling

bumps.

If

seller

may be

only tired weather seals, or

SECTION 6. NOW IT'S TIME FOR THE ROAD TEST

after a crash.

6D.

oortion of this test use both seat

and

(you'll

at

In

If

it

potholes or

window

rattles,

it

could be a poorly repaired

the car sounds as

a large empty parking lot drive

10 and

do both

ten for slight els

response to

doors, side windows, or the large back

if

it's

falling apart,

thank

seller, etc.

hands

anyone who

and pads).

broken road surface. You are

ing wheel as well as the seat of your pants for clunks, rattles,

body

tbelts is the law. Insist that

$300 each

find a pot-holed road or

listening with your ears

the

•

Now

lag

and go home.

u

not. however,

the manufacturers'

Never road test a car

uvnk. and

engine had been steam cleaned. The steam cleaner dissolves

and bad.

20

tire

some

get an accurate impression of the vehicle

6B.

engine, good

is

that case, go no higher than

In

Weekends

trie

tire

other tires to match this pressure.) You are

the

before you lean in to look.

on

this way:

Do

test.

it

by the time you reach the

remainder of the road

for

lid struts,

engine compartment

oil

28

may exceed

figure that

all

shock absorbers that hold

grease and

in

for high-pressure fuel

fuel lines.

Make

tire

7 or 8 psi to the 32 psi recommendation

arm mount.

leaks out of aging flexible

open

the

makes common sense,

speed. For example, the

may be

dation.

Watch

If

you should inflate this

engraved into the

psi, is

drive to a service station

around the edges

of this trailing

you add

air

psi cold,

the summer, a very low pressure

for

the car has been hit

hard, surface rust

20

rim.

911 models.

rust on early

will

read

very hot climates, such as Arizona or southern California during

one of several

places, just

tire

beyond what the manufacturer recommends.

maximum

along the wheel

ABOVE

the low

if

remainder of your driving

psi for the

That data,

This

32

specifications call for

34

tire

but has increased to 22 psi during the drive, that 2

psi while cold

tire

Measure the

slightly.

noting the difference between cold

tire,

current pressure. That heated-up difference

how much

affect

if

of the tires were low on air pressure. During the drive to

all

in

large circles. With your

2, turn the steering wheel so

one hand or the other

directions)

tire

squeal on

beginning with the

is all

at 12. Drive safely but fast

enough

four wheels. Specifically, on Typ

1989 1/2

Carrera

to

lis-

964 mod-

4 and 1990 Carrera 2

series.

Here

is

another

uncommon model,

the

1976 930 Turbo

Carrera. While

modern Turbos

offer nearly double the horsepower, they are less

dangerous

because Porsche has so greatly improved handling and roadholding. Perhaps as many as one-half of the 1976 Turbo production crashed hard from spinning off the road after the turbo boost hit in the middle of a corner. The early Turbos require a very high level of driver skill.

Most

visitors to

on the

1978

left.

a 911 engine compartment

The owner of

3-liter

engine

in

this

1977 911S,

in

will

recognize the air conditioner compressor at right of the cooling fan, but few

order to license the car in California.

will identify

the air

pump

smog requirements, had to invest more than $3,000 on a completely equipped The previous owner had removed the emissions equipment from the original engine.

order to meet California

13

.

Scott Hendry, an independent shop owner in Anaheim. California,

ABOVE Color

and choice. While Copper Brown

taste this

Metallic

is

Porsche is at least a $20,000 car." no matter what you A $5,000 car with 200.000 miles will, within two years, need engine and transmission work, paint, and an interior, requiring at least a $15,000 investment. Don't run away from a car like this, says. "Every

a matter of

is

the original,

pay

for

it.

know

engine

at least four cars in this

however, until you

book wear nonoriginal

just figure you'll want to paint

if its

is tight, its

handling

crisp. Then,

it.

colors to satisfy current

owners. Other than on historically significant

examples such as the

You

into glue.

911 produced, or the 500.000th built, and provided the body

will feel

the brake pedal push back and vibrate

first

against your foot as you hear a rapid, noisy clicking under the

dash. The pedal pressure feedback can be unsettling. The clicking

the unit cycling the brakes on.

is

well prepared, there

is

is

no reason a car you

can. You

find cannot be

everything else

redone is

if

in

the United States. This

is

"lifting."

that

Because

it

is.

Dunng

needs

than one that

is

paint, a car like this will sell for

than stop

a good

is

and

nearly nonexistent

etc.

If

in

your braking test, a straight line

in

the car has done anything other

if

a very quick manner, thank the

the car does stop amazingly quickly with no

muss

seller,

or fuss,

is

and coming away from the color below

oxidizing

faster than you

Porsches.

was

indication of a car that lived outside of a garage. The clearcoat

and on again

good.

originally Guard's Red.

Porsche's most popular choice

off.

rapid tire chirps as the tires near lock-up

then release. Antilock braking system failure in

This faded paint

may hear

then continue on to the next phase. it.

6H. Now, find a quiet alley with walls on both sides to give you

thousands less

the auditory feedback you want here. Drive only at idle speed with

beautiful.

both windows open listening for any noise other than exhaust and the rear wheels are adjustable for

model from pressure

is

front or rear

camber and

may mean

toe-in.

pressure

tire

Any squeal on any

is low. If

on 1989 1/2 and

right a squeal, especially

the rear later

tire

models

tires.

If

you hear clunking, whirring, tinking. knocking, squeaking, or

any other noise besides exhaust purr and

You know the

drill

tires rolling,

thank the

.

.

by now.

indicates alignment maladjustment or very costly suspension problems.

Steering should feel

wheel.

If it

"falling"

one

bent

If

with no chatter

if

in

SECTION

the steering

the direction of your turn, this

is

This you'll find this

now. Turning

the car shakes or shimmies, the wheel that

be the one outside of the

turn.

Confirm this by turning

not a high-speed test just a freeway on-ramp merge test

7A. You

want a long freeway entrance ramp where you have

is

great distant vision. You are not seeking record

in

impressions. You do not want a speeding ticket

the opposite direction. This unloads the possibly bent wheel and

7B. The acceleration

the car should track and ride smoothly. Reconfirm this by resum-

for the surge that

ing the original turn direction.

comes on

If the car again begins shaking, you have a bent wheel on the outside. Bent wheels most often are on the curb side, inside the wheel where you cannot see it. Porsche

wheels are expensive. Negotiate this 6F.

in

if

will

the antilock braking system,

ABS

(introduced

ABS

before, the slowing sensation will feel as

;

in

check onboard

model year 1989 1/2 with the Typ 964

functioning properly.

If

you've never stopped with if

you've driven

0-60 times but

only

must be impressive and smooth, except

occurs at around 3,000 rpm when the engine

the power curve, or "on the cam," or when, at about 3,500

rpm, the turbocharger

becomes

effective.

There should be no buck-

ing or surging.

your purchase price.

Your dealer or independent shop

computer systems and determine

14

is

THE CAR PASSES ALL GO TO A FREEWAY

7. IF

THIS,

called

struts.

you have a bent front wheel,

direction,

will

smooth in

and can indicate bent

6E. in

tends to move

Porsches since stick shift, If

have the

1989 1/2, whether automatic transmission

same performance. This

any 911 model does not seem

haul. This its

original

fast,

is

the engine

may need an

can easily exceed $10,000 to return an performance, a huge concern

selling for less

than that

if

or

a Porsche selling point

ailing

over-

engine to

you are looking at a car

Whatever your state's standard

tion is all-powerful.

meet

or you cannot get

it

made

So, you

as

the

if

noises

Hand

it

of

it?

it

The car went forward, arrow

God reached down and grabbed

was meant

to do. Well, you've probably

But you're not done. Return to the the time for the really important

SECTION

8.

rest of the

world in providing energy-conscious Americans with speedometers that

over

maximum

speeds. That the cars

140 miles per hour never seemed

still

transmission

in

neutral,

favorite

CD

with you.

CD

cassette and/or that If

the car you drive

impression of

its

not fast,

is

if

you do not get a favorable

performance, thank the

seller.

than others. Check specific requirements

chasing any automobile.

smog

test

is

California. This

This is

transfer of

states

title.

The seller pays for

to state. In states

what you hope

to find

and rear

such as

New

test in

responsibilities differ

York, the vehicle inspec-

when you answer an

spoiler. Still,

this

like this,

because now

seller's driveway,

is

WORLD idling,

the

and the hand brake on.

it

raises

Make

sure

fail

and lowers

to eject

it

all

works and that

without drama and,

if it

it

will

eject your

has a power antenna,

at least three times without jerking or

mak-

systems and some well-used new

tapes or CDs; antennas might not reach

maximum

8B. Turn on the air conditioning to

maximum

cold

and

wait.

If

leaves or debris blow out the vents, the drip tray near the windshield

has cracked, allowing tray,

backing up

rain or

car

wash water to accumulate

into the vents. This

can flow

in

the drip

into the cockpit

through

these vents. Routine factory services calls for cleaning these drip but often this gets missed. Wet leaves can mildew inside the

ad. Meticulously maintained, with nearly every piece of

even with a car

only

found a good one.

extension or retraction after a second run.

your state before purexample, a successful

and other requirements and

the optional front the future.

some

a condition of purchase; the completed certificate

accompanies

from state

in

California, for

In

in

stopped

THE BENEFITS OF

ing loud whirring noises. Older

ones

.

Note: Exhaust emissions are bigger problems

it

made

It

8A. Check out the radio. AM, FM. Bring a cassette and a

were capable of

ludicrous to anyone in authority.

true,

you.

Perform this last set of evaluations with the engine

read only to 85 miles per hour, since our highways allowed only 55 miles per hour

your car must

stuff.

LIVING IN A CIVILIZED Between model years 1980 and 1982, Porsche joined the

is,

financed, insured, or licensed.

a prepurchase inspection

is

trays,

car.

this 1983 also features know what you can expect in

paperwork from new,

an excellent investment

to

15

1987

beginning with model year

came

Carrera 3.2 models

dard with a thermostatically controlled front fan for the

Many 911 owners already have

installed front

on older models.

tional cooling fans

coolers and addi-

oil

1973

the

If

stan-

cooler.

oil

or newer car you

are looking at has not been so modified, you should plan on doing this.

It

save your engine

will

If

in

hot weather and heavy

sending

unit,

traffic.

come back down,

the temperature gauge does not

thermoswitch, or fan motor

a sensor.

may be out

8C. To reduce engine temperature, and for your next

test, switch

the air conditioning and turn the heat and defrost through

off

speeds

maximum

to

fan speed

a 110-degree day, or you

may

and maximum heat Do

this

all

even on

on a 40-degree night that you

find

have a failed heater core, temperature regulator, or heater/defroster fan.

may say

Credit card companies

home

"never leave

Porsche mechanics advise don't leave

home

cooler such as this one, cleaned of

corrosion proofing

mounted it

in

more

allows

its

the front wheelwell. Not only airflow to better cool the

without an auxiliary

is this

These are

more

and

oil

on,

correctly

both for parts and labor.

costly,

As you begin to bake (and you

without them," but

when Porsche added a heater

ature gauge.

It

should drop

from model year 1977

will

fan blower), watch the temper-

Be

slightly.

alert for hot oil or radiator

visually pleasing,

coolant or other baking smells inside the

could signify a

car. This

oil.

make

heater core failure or other problems. To

this slightly less

challenging for your physical comfort-but even more of a test for the car's electrical system-you can do this portion while checking other important things:

8D. Operate the sunroof.

Do

Open and

this while the heater/ defroster fan

window defoggeron

at this point.

is

close

on

The sunroof motor develops a high will

let in

some

and fuse panel while load-

cool air as you test the electrical system It

at least two times.

Also switch the rear

as does the heater fan. This

electric current draw,

ing the alternator.

it

full.

should not blow a fuse.

it

does, say thanks

like

a reeeha-reeeha-

If

and good-bye. If

the sunroof motor whines

reeeha noise), are

failing.

hard fuel lines across the top of the compartment leading down

roof fails to

means

wax buildup. open

to the switch or wiring,

car body

unreasonable search.

to

wear from age

it

Turn the fan

back through

thermometer

into the air vent.

degrees (factory specs). ation, oiling,

the shop

you as

If

speed ranges, waiting long enough

to

It

maximum and

not, the

much as $1,100

later.

maximum

cool,

at

i

the

996

iiens next

32 and 38

system at least needs an evacu-

and recharging. When you take oiling.

it

A

in

stops while you're testing

for this work, insist

shortcut here can cost

8E.

models). is

iary radiator

oil It

temperature gauge (or

will

-how

y

what you are

.

cooling fans, and

,

ail

996

If

drive

wheels

roof, looking for

allow moisture

on the

thank the

If

in. If

the

a fuse, to a motor,

.

.

liner or visors.

the sunroof .

Cabriolet a

full

1989

1987

This indi-

operate or

1994

or later Porsche

seller to

open-and-close cycles.

Speedster, or a

fails to

Oh. you know.

power top mechanism, ask the

through at least two

SC

it

in.

you are inspecting a model year

Cabriolet with a

(If it's

a

operate the top

1983

Speedster, ask

to

1986

them

demonstrate the manual procedure to make sure everything works as should.)

watch the

worm

and may be a very reasonable expense or an

visors, stains or other discoloration

insert your turkey

should read between

do both the evacuation and

Back water'

18

all

will

may be anything from

cates moisture already has gotten

be sure they work. Then back

or nylon

While you're watching the sunroof, look for headliner tears, warped

sun

to

sound

rails

Either of these

or close,

around the fan shroud represented a vast improvement over softer lines on earlier models. Porsche retained flexible lines between the

and the engine, and these are beginning and prolonged exposure to heat and ozone.

(it will

the nylon

Check the weatherstrip around the open

tears or car TJie

this

Do

this only

of the operation

meant to do on to

watch

2001

for

is

on a

flat level surface.

working,

later

and that windows

model cars

for during this test

important details.

Make

with

power

raise

roofs.

to it

certain every function

and lower as they are

There are specific things

See the Cabrio sections from 1983 through

Porsche's

own

air

8F:

conditioning vents prove

inadequate

in

A company

called Performance-Aire, in

Anaheim,

California,

specializes in Porsche air and,

you are looking at the Targa models, two important facts

If

know are that they

and that Porsche has no more replace-

leak,

all

some

regions, such as America's

Southwest.

to

among

ment

produce

roofs available. They did not

independent shops get them

after

some

extras. However,

body shops remove Targa bars

convert cars to cabriolets. Targa roofs can be reconditioned.

the roof panel you are examining

thank the

and

seller

is

badly

damaged

Still,

to if

or

is

missing,

major concern

is

the rear

leave.

other If

things installs a large

the roof panel

there, the next

is

vent outlet below the

window. Earliest versions were plastic with zippers to remove the

dash. Performance-Aire

rear window, providing the benefit of a factory-installed

also does conversions

a

in

open

fairly stiff

roll

bar

However, the zippers dry out and the

car.

from CFC-based coolants

friendly

and/or discolors. Later models offered or

plastic shrinks, splits,

to environmentally

provided a fixed glass window. They afforded better weather seal-

HFC-134A

ing,

coolants.

and, by the mid-1980s, rear window defogging capability.

However, this glass

barometer indicating rear end damage.

a

is

the window has begun to crack, rear end body

If

ly.

the glass breaks

If

replace. Repair

as they

it

can be extremely

shops admit

to

and

is like-

costly to

breaking another window or two

replacement.

try to reinstall a

As with Cabrios, there are The Targa was introduced

damage

difficult

in

particular areas to inspect carefully.

1967 and has changed

over the decades.

Please see your individual year for important information.

SECTION This applies mostly to

ELECTRONICS

9.

1989 1/2 model

These often have aftermarket

year cars and

after.

installed theft alarms, cellular tele-

phones, radar detectors, and other add-ons. Improperly installed extras can rapidly run

know

exactly

down

batteries. Cutting into wires, unless you

what you are doing,

is

leads are the same. Ask the seller it

was not

er

hot If

local deal-

reinstall

these items. This becomes more important

each newer model

year. Incorrectly wired accessories will drain

ABOVE batteries

When you

all

he knows who did the work.

may consider having your

a Porsche dealer, you

remove and

with

a recipe for disaster. Not if

10 days.

in

test the air

conditioning as part of

SECTION 11. WHAT, YOU SAY? EVERYTHING WORKS PERFECTLY?

your own prepurchase inspection, this

is

where

the thermometer goes.

And,

Factory specifications

Now

secretly,

minimum temperature of 32

life?

degrees Fahrenheit.

ent service

call for a

Most

it's

the color combination you've wanted

time to "do the

11A. Pricing

afford.

Porsche ownership

it's

is

all

your

deal."

a tough issue. Dealers, resellers, and independ-

facilities all

agree that you should buy the best car you can

Porsche resale values remain high. They

of these sources

sell

for"B/ue

Book

recommend spending perhaps $2,000

retail."

less than

often serves as

bookends

to

and family

marriage

life.

The

car leaves with the

and

birth of children

you can afford because you either the car almost immediately, with

11B.

will

tires,

want

to or

Know what you can spend and have

order so you can

move

quickly

if,

need

to put that into

wheels, or work you want done. all

your financing

after the inspection,

in

you have found

reappears after they

graduate college.

owners evaluated many seats

Yet child seats

fit

securely. The

search for one

in

which their young son could join them.

in their

the right car.

11C. Don't take a that the problem really

seller's is

word that something

nothing at

all. If

will

the problem

is

be to

fixed or

be

fixed.

17

This

is

a great resource for a late-model Porsche buyer. The preowned car lot at Ogner Motor Cars in Woodland

Hills. California,

often offers a decade worth of automobiles. Even from a dealer like this, a prepurchase inspection will alert you to service in

the coming year. Buying a Typ

993

or

996 from a dealer makes

it

near Los Angeles,

and repairs you may need

possible to get Porsche preowned car warranty.

get that

only

if

and add

writing

in

the "problem

complete test

in

writing that you will

pending another

drive."

11D. Living with the car: The ing

conclude the deal

fixed to your satisfaction,

is

same people who

talk

about buy-

the-best-car-you-can-get-and-paying-somewhat-less-than-you-

can-afford also suggest you set aside a monthly "allowance." to cover routine

and not-so-routine expenses.

the annual minor and major service

you won't

feel

If

you save

$150

bills arrive for

a month,

$1,500

to

when

$1,600.

it.

CONCLUSIONS If

this entire

because you can

chapter seems

like

an outline of don'ts. that's

figure out the do's.

There are two important do's. For

100

years, enthusiasts have

debated their "ultimate"

automobiles. These cars will accelerate or handle or sound or ride like few others. Rarely will one production automobile incorporate

Do thank the is

all

these qualities and still be comfortable to drive to work, the grocery market, or dinner and a movie. It is because Porsche continues to

18

build automobiles like this that so

of any model they can afford.

many enthusiasts seek ownership

seller for his or her

rough and balky, or

if

time and go

home

if

the engine

you find a car with wavy rooflines above or

alongside the windshield or rear window, or along the door

sills

and

jambs, indicating serious crash damage.

Do be good ones.

patient, however,

because most

of the cars out there are

^^mt

^m

K_—

Chapter 2 Open & Shut Cases: Targas and Cabriolets

IBfek

wtA

JIBm

VX-

-~^^P

-

jv J|

#

#&

BUI

THE TARGA Since Ferdinand Porsche

name, open after the in

priority with

commercial introduction of

open

Switzerland, to produce six

coachbuilder Reutter

in

it

versions.

same time span

an open car on that chassis. Porsche

numerous Porsche but this car

Sicily,

When

Beuttler chose to not

victories

was not

convertible.

full

car

is

panel

behind the tow truck, as the

the Targa top

is

there but

rough condition, that

in

.

.

missing and the condition of the rest of the

rough, then you can thank the seller and leave. is

your car

this, hurries

The tops are not commonly stolen, but

is

much

the roof

If

less worrisome.

repainted.

had

years, before Porsche it

to the service shop. If

traffic

not aware he should be watching for

driver,

They can be reconditioned or recovered, or the solid panels can be

the Targa after the

the Targa Florio open road race

in

a

1950.

following the production

named

then probably be run over by

Thun,

in

completed. Porsche worked with German

new 911 model, two

introduction of the

Carrosserie

Beuttler

Stuttgart, starting in

took roughly the

It

will

tow

356 coupe, completed

his first

May 1948, Porsche contacted

go further than the

bear his family

the company. Soon

built the first car to

has been a

air driving

in

The factory did devel-

op two prototype convertibles during 1965 and 1966. However.

The next major concern introduction

were

1967 through

in

plastic, held in

and the

is

the rear window. Early versions-from

optional availability as late as

1972—

place with zippers. However, the zippers dry out,

plastic will shrink, split, or discolor. Later

a fixed glass window,

first

available

1969. This

in

models provided is

both good and

now running the company, feared

bad. They provided better weather sealing, and by the mid-1980s

the growing legislative might of U.S. government agencies. He wor-

they also included rear window defogging capability. However, this

Ferdinand Porsche's son

ried

that a

Ferdinand

Ferry,

convertible

full

"Butzi,"

Porsche

III.

might become

illegal

son of

Porsche, created the

Dr. Ferry

So

equipped Targa model. This design served several functions.

roll-bar

Porsche

911 models

built its

without a separate frame, using

body serves as part of

unitized chassis construction, in which the car

the car structure. Removing a roof

bar served to restore to this

overnight.

some-but

open car body.

is

not

a serious consideration. The

all

Butzi Porsche

— of the

stiffness of the

glass

and the engineers augmented

a barometer that can indicate bigger problems.

breaks,

reinstall a

Early

storage.

to crack, rear

can be extremely

it

shops admit

roll

coupes

is

dow has begun

models

Make

of the Targa

to seal the roof. Later

passenger foot well and rear passenger seating area. Those who

rity.

However, these

number

of

coupe and Targa

If

It

is slight,

but

(or later Cabriolet) it

is

models

notice

will

you are looking at buying one of the Targa models, one

important fact to know

is

that there are no replacement roofs avail-

the car you are examining has a badly

this is a serious

problem. But

it

is

damaged

not insurmountable.

buyers acquire the car simply to convert to a

number

of specialist Porsche

The tops disappear

in

the top and the car

is

or missing roof,

full

Many

cabriolet,

Targa

and a

shops have acquired these "spares."

several ways.

If

you must hurriedly reattach

then towed backward, the top

will

blow

off.

It

or two as they try to

much

filled

and

lie flat in

for

order

this risk with a fixed

better weather sealing

and secu-

the front trunk, leaving only the space

behind the front seats for storage. As with foldable roofs and

els for discoloration that

may

Check sun

visors

and

interior

pan-

indicate water leaks, especially

in

older cars.

On models beginning

able any longer from the factory. Porsche did not produce extras, so if

the win-

the glass

removable top panel folded

models eliminated

convertibles, there are leaks.

perceivable.

If

If

costly to replace. Repair

window

certain that they will unfold

panel that provided

a

and

is likely.

replacement.

flat

the difference.

difficult

to breaking another

the floor pan with additional plates that wrapped up into the front drive

end body damage

in

1996. the Targa featured

with a retractable glass panel. This

For this unitized chassis. Porsche

is

a sliding roof

a very complicated system.

was able

to attain only

75 percent

of the stiffness of a regular coupe. While this doesn't qualify the car

as a

"flexible flyer."

it

suggests a warning to buyers.

The owner's manual advises users to open or close the glass roof panel only on a level flat surface. This

is

important. Parking on

19

Another "acquired"

body

style,

produced 469 While this original-owner cabriolet

mostly stock, the owner fitted

is

it

for U.S.

it

964

the Typ

repels. Porsche

markets. This beautiful car

an excellent

is

reason to insist on prepurchase inspections. This car was rebuilt after

with 1 7-inch Carrera Cup wheels with a deeper offset. This improved

a serious accident and

many would suggest, the car's appearance) without compromising safety. Many aftermarket wheels are stylish but do not

painter, acquired

handling (and

1994 Speedster, based on

taste, this

appeals to as many enthusiasts as

it

owner, a talented mechanic and car

its

on a salvage

Some

title.

may

less honest sellers

try to hide that fact.

possess the strength of Porsche's forged products.

a side incline or with

one wheel

its

strongest effect at

movable

glass, not

its

weakest

where there

arrived in the United States

link,

is

in

welded

where there

this case,

is

The 1996 models

steel.

needed

to

preceded by 15 service notices to deal-

be done before car delivery

1997 Targas were

and

Beginning

jammed

in late

customers.

something

subject to

the

In all,

22

like

1996

notices.

1999. some of these models began experiencing

roof panels. This

how

ing on

to

is

an extremely expensive

seriously the panel

is

repair;

high

els.

So

year's

additional stiffening panels across the floor

far,

pan

for

1998 mod-

there have been no service notices or problems with that

models.

for

two

ter

you are inspecting a Porsche Cabriolet

this only

on a

flat level surface.

is

raising or lowering

of sync with the other,

operated tops are powered by cables similar to speedome-

cables and they can "twist up." or bind up unequally, especially

the car

is

on a

where more weight

hillside

is

on the downhill

The Targa

highly personal.

fits

of a roll-over-protection-equipped convertible while providing

much more Porsche's PO' n t

space and

interior

911 Cabrios s

better

or the Speedsters. However,

neither a true sis.

it

is

alize

when you

its

either

detractors

open car nor closed one.

one of the least

ilongside the

than

security

928

in

likely

Porsches

that regard. This

insure your Targa.

is

if

side.

Forcing a top at this point, especially closed, can break the bows, tear-

can reach $3,500. This

Do not stop the

is

all

the

damage

why you ask the

is

done, repair costs

seller to

momentum

at

one point

in

point-and no one seems

jamming

When

to

it

actually relies

If

you stop the top at the wrong

know where the

right position

is-you

or twisting the top.

the top

windshield. These raised

this test

the process to carry the top from one

set of motors over to the other.

risk

do

cycle with the top partly raised or lowered.

Porsche uses four motors to operate the top and

is

model cars

the top appears

if

on

models

later

a lopsided manner, stop immediately. The

in

remain a consideration and the operating motors and guiding

Attraction to the Targa

working, and that

roofs.

tracks should be carefully inspected during routine dealer service.

perhaps the most strongly defended or actively disliked of all Porsche 911 models. With the panel removed it offers the bene-

standard equip-

lift

the seller to operate the top through at least

one side appears out

If

manual top and

with a

electric

and lower as they are meant to do on

raise

power

be

1983

certain that every function of the operation

windows with

If

in

made an

open-and-close cycles. Do

full

Make

to

model year 1987.

911 Speedster, ask

one can only surmise that weather and wind sealing would

is

20

Cabriolet

ing the roof fabric. By the time

There are so few of these glass-roof Targa models out there that

ment or

electrically

Porsche completely revised the roof glass transport system and

its

zippered glass window. Porsche

depend-

jammed, the costs can reach

four-figure totals.

mounted

Porsche introduced

have

will

describing predelivery work that the factory had determined

ers,

THE CABRIOLETS AND SPEEDSTERS

a pothole or another up a curb

in

puts a twisting load on the unitized carbody structure that

is

let in

open, look for worn seals that meet the

wind noise and moisture.

and secured, examine the

When

liner for dirt, tears

the top

is

and wear. Look

carefully at the condition of the rear window.

On the second raise-and-lower cycle, well for leaves, sticks, or other debris.

Bows and

struts cross

look carefully into the roof

Do not

reach

in

to retrieve

them.

each other during the opening and closing

77i/s

was one of Porsche's cleverest

ideas, incorporating a large

retracting glass roof within a coupe body.

It

enabled buyers

year-round weather conditions. Unfortunately, the

to

With the roof shut, the car

adapt

to

first versions, in

process and the

roof.

Look

risk of

only.

pinching or crushing a hand or finger

Notice also the

do not reach

Again,

Check

bows and

to see that the roof fabric

and

is

liner

Look also

inal

its

in this

have not torn away

typical of the overall condition of

its

top down or that the top leaks

plastic

window.

The that

is

initial

It's

in

still

point.

and back proof that

it's

workmanship

is

extremely high and the

costly,

is

new

roof or rear

clever.

window

car.

1994 Speedster models, these

to release the roof, release

and

roofs are

ated, you can visually

and

cloth.

Be

and relocate the hard tonneau

reset the cover.

careful

and

though one source

ation as "the

for this

cover,

tactually inspect roof wells, bows, struts, risk is

still

great.

in

1996.

1997 models,

and lowering operation. book

In truth,

ever

you'll

here).

is

spend with

you can get the procedure down to

1994 models photographed

It

referred to either oper-

most complicated 30 minutes

your car every day."

of both the

30

1989 and

You may want to videotape the

steps as the seller demonstrates. Surprisingly, Cabrios are nearly

as are theTargas. a

gift,

Some

fearing unitized

as strong an emotional issue

Porsche enthusiasts wouldn't have one as

body weakness as compared

to the rock-rigid

coupes. Another source for this book disdainfully dismissed Cabrio purchasers as those of the

who

"just putt,"

more serious coupe

as

in,

putt around, getting

in

the

drivers.

While this book does not go into resale or investment values, a

simple study of the Sunday newspaper want ads over a few months will

reinforce a

will

always

coupe and

fundamental

command often as

value.

Many people

truth: For

at least

initial

any given

year, the

10 percent higher

much as 20

10-to-15-percent higher

percent. Partly this

purchase

price.

Cabrio model

resale price than the

But

it

is is

reflective of

the

also perceived

define a sports car as two seats, top down.

Whatever model inspires you, remember the most important

Because these are manually oper-

because pinching

or

you purchase one of these models, ask that the seller demon-

difficult,

mechanism

complex and

and replacing a

your enthusiasm for your

With the 1989 and

roof,

not

way

manually operated and require that you follow a sequence of actions

stow the

If

on

driven by the orig-

original top

evidence of great care, and

does the work, as already explained,

dampen

Still

has the

itself

Cabriolet pho-

off.)

Repairs are complex and

can

a case

owner's son, the car also

great care pays

1983

1996

and no problems have

stiffened the car considerably,

seconds (as was the case with the owners

convertible tops. (The

book

level surface with

very

support the

around the windshield or the rear seals. Porsche prides the quality of

tographed

1998 models and

water stains that indicate either that the car

for

the rain with

in

flat,

been reported.

lubricated but not too

is

and backwinds than

as they can jam, requiring a very costly repair. Porsche redesigned the

very thoroughly maintained).

is

protection from side

strate for you several times the raising

heavily or recently (unless this

got caught

is

nearly as quiet as a coupe. With the roof

is

much more

offers

it

Operate the roof only on a

in.

from the crossbows and that each joint

a car that

struts that

open,

a traditional cabriolet. Porsche introduced the glass roof model

1996 and 1997, were less rigid and some of the glass panels have been known to jam, necessitating a very expensive repair. For 1998. Porsche drastically reinforced and redesigned the system, providing much greater reliability.

great.

slid

advice. There are lots of cars out there.

not

right,

thank the

seller for his or her

If

the one you're looking at

time and leave.

is

21

Chapter 3 Even with the Gray Market, There's Nothing Black and White From 1975

the late 1980s, a

until

version businesses flourished

number

automobile con-

of

the United States, providing to U.S.

in

buyers cars they could not get through dealers. The car that drove this

was

market, that kindled the desire,

1973 and

From 1976

the Porsche Turbo, introduced

European customers beginning

offered to

in

1979, the European models, unrestricted by

until

in

1975.

late

U.S.

emissions and safety standards, developed more horsepower and were, for

some

more

U.S. buyers,

desirable.

when Porsche chose

the penod of time

From 1980

to not offer

1986,

until

Turbos to U.S.

its

crashing the

bumpers

Porsche restored U.S. sales because these outside vendors often

got cars faster than dealer waiting

lists filled

Because the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department strict

of

and

of Transportation emissions

and

safety standards were

their rules clearly published in black

compliance were

rigid

nature and the vast ethics got a

murky.

little

and

amounts

and

precise. However, of

money

U.S.

white, standards

because of human

meant

What was black and white became

EPA-DOT loophole

that "allowed" U.S. citizens a one-time importation,

personal use only, not greater than 2,500 miles per year, of a non-

compliant vehicle. Within

six

months

of the date the vehicle

through U.S. Customs, the owner had to present

EPA-DOT testing centers test"

and a

in

California, Texas, or

visual inspection to

check

it

to

one

passed

for front, rear,

and side-impact

safety regulation compliance.

in

Europe and then gave them an

"federalize" the car

the

human

so

it

extra

$7,500

would comply and pass

its

to

$15,000

tests. That is

to

where

nature element entered the equation.

black-painted

ell

were

facturers to meet. In

difficult

some

smooth-

challenges, ever, for major

manu-

cases, the independents didn't both-

Jhortcut their way through. The

22

idle

DOT

did not require

demonstrate 5-mile per hour bumpers by

rather than

the door

in

And

Independent Service

Scott's

in

in

a T-bone-

of these

in

Anaheim.

which both door side impact

be welded-in steel rod. were screwed-in,

to

wooden broomsticks.

therein lies the problem with the gray-market cars. You can-

telling

you

who performed

companies disappeared

place dissolved. Worse, while

in

some

if

you got paper-

1980s as the market-

them were very

of

many

the federalization,

the late

responsible,

capable mechanics and engineers, others, well .... some of the others were not. If

this

all

reads

like

an across-the-board condemnation

that's a gray matter. In California

emissions standards are subject to

1976

1982 may

change. What was required

in

motor vehicle requirements

will tell

states.

and laws do

today. Only a careful study of

or

of gray-

and other

legislative action

not be needed

your state

in

you that.

Stepping out onto a limb here, generally, cars acquired new

new

by the federalizers, purchased as

cars from cooperative deal-

ers or factories, that have spent their entire

a

risk.

They

number

still

may have broomsticks

of sources contacted for this

of gray-market vehicle

chapter, a

1985

was

a lesser

Slant Nose Turbo,

risk.

life in

for side

the U.S.. are less

impact beams, but

book agreed that

was one such in

car,

are,

as everyone agreed, a huge

know, especially

if

brought

brand

for this in

new

Scottsdale, Anzona.

Cars acquired used, brought into the U.S. with

them,

this

The car photographed

with nine others to a federalizer located

machinery and making the engine

members,

not possibly know what you are getting. And even

Converting European front and rear bumpers, installing the pollution control

of

has seen one Turbo

beams, required

of a

Customers generally paid the importer/federalizer to acquire the car

owner

Hendry,

of several

New Jersey for a "smog

cars gained 5-mile per hour

another vehicle's caving

market cars, even

gray.

The gray-market importers and "federalizers" capitalized on an

for

to block

California,

enforcement and

involved,

many

type crash, were another area of creative compliance. Scott

work with the car

anxious desires.

result,

bolted to energy absorbing shock mounts. Side impact beams,

customers, these converters flourished. Their solvency continued even after

As a

car.

that were welded to rigid frame

risk.

some

miles on

But again, how do you

the seller does know the car's history and has

chosen to hide some information? To identify the imported cars, look at the 17-digitVIN number.

Those models destined

for U.S. delivery will read

WPOA

or

WPOE.

This

is

another reason

such as

this, to

a

to

take any 911. even one that appears perfect

competent mechanic

This otherwise complete-looking car

for a

prepurchase inspection.

missing catalytic converters and

is

make

other pollution-control equipment that could

smog

tests

and

license the car in

many

it

difficult to

pass

This

the VIN

is

number-WPOZZZ-and placement-at

the lower left of

ahead of the steering wheel-to look

the windshield just

identifying a gray-market car.

one. but state laws

make

It is

hard

licensing

to resist cars

them

difficult, if

for

when

such as

this

not impossible.

Insurance companies decline to cover them, and lending institutions

states.

will

not finance them. The owner plans to use this for club racing

events in the Midwest. with or

12 numbers and

letters after the

double

A.

If

you see

WPOZZ

WPOJ, these were non-U.S. models. (Those cars coded WPOJ were

Canadian-delivery models and again, were not legal U.S. cars at the time.)

On these models,

it

would be essential to have a prepurchase

inspection done. People such as Scott Hendry, other highly experi-

enced independents, and your tell

local authorized

Porsche dealer can

you what you're looking at and warn you better of your

risks.

is

It

important to understand, however, that you cannot get

financing to purchase this car. What's more, you to insure your gray-market car for

"track car." a

a

these days.

vehicle for

If

may not be able

you're looking only

weekend outings

with

Porsche

Owners' Club members on closed tracks, this would be an option for you. it's

But for on-road use, you may find

it's

more trouble than

worth.

The gray-market imported not only Porsches but also a number

MANUFACTURED BY DATE

™R

3637

lbs

of high-end

Dr ng.h. c.F.PORSCHE

GAWR

I

Irani

1543

lbs

AG WEST GERMANY

rear

MK ihV

ISJEHIHS5"jra «L*»U«Bl£ FEDERAL MOTOR »E«E SAfKfER VIN

man cm

Mercedes-Benz and

BMW

sedans and

Ferrari

365 Boxer

models. But the gray-market for Porsche picked up steam particularly

after England's Royal

Auto Club officiated at a "supercar" test

in

June 1984 and determined the Turbo was "The Fastest Accelerating Production Car

in

the World," mastering the standing-start kilometer

(0.625 miles) at 135 miles per hour.

Check with your

financial lender

and with your insurance

agent before you commit to purchasing one of these cars.

some test

a U.S.-legal model. By 1988. the Turbo was legal again in the United States and gray-market federalizes had begun to disappear. That is another problem now for This

is

a

1988 Turbo VIN number

for

those with problems or complaints. Buyers of these cars have no

recourse and are at legal and financial

risk.

states such as California, successful completion of a

is

required before vehicle transfer can take place.

If

In

smog

the

sell-

er offers to take care of this for you. with you not being present for the testing,

miracle

beware. You may not be able to

when you

are required to retest

a year or two later.

it

pull off

the

for license plate

same

renewal

23

EE Chapter The Original "O" Series Porsche Replaces the 356

—

took Porsche nearly eight years to settle on the design,

It

engineering, and appearance of the replacement for

356. Whereas the 356 models had always been 2+2

lasting Typ

seaters. at this point, the

four-seater and

356

long-

its

it

company wanted most

took steps

in

to offer a true

that direction with each later

fuel injection

new

car.

onto a tried-and-true four-cylinderTyp

They

616

fitted

engine,

804 Formula One

midway between the

pair of universal joints

from impaling the

facilitate

the roads

chest

a head-on collision.

in

was Porsche's vigorous work creating

ing model.

It

was the company's need

May 1964

the engine proved too bulky for

the start of

Engineers

meet

made use

of the time tinkering with details, while

trademark ruling giving

1962, the engine produced just 120

2.195-cc engine), he

ters (for a

with

little

room

still

got only

to

84

millime-

sent

him back to his drawing board. Within months, Von Rucker

and Hans Tomala took

his place. This

left

gave Ferry Porsche an

it

company

rights to production

bering systems with a zero

in

of a French

automobile num-

the middle, forcing Porsche to

redesignate the model the 911.

130 horsepower

for increases in racing applications. This

rac-

racing rules that delayed until late

Rucker redesigned the valve

horsepower DIN and. despite enlarging the bore

new Typ 904

901 preproduction manufacture.

French car maker Peugeot informed the

his revisions in very early

a

complete the manufac-

to

the packages Butzi Porsche and his staff were creating. Von

Von Rucker completed

left-

Concurrent with development of this new production car for

turing run of these cars to

train. After

steering box

manufacturing

and kinks that prevented the steering wheel

Klaus von Rucker had begun designing an all-new pushrod over-

When

wheels to

driver's

but this didn't yield enough power. By 1961. engineering chief

head-valve six-cylinder.

mounted the

race car. They

front

or right-hand drive models. This gave the steering wheel shaft a

body. Meanwhile the engine designers worked toward their

goal of a 130-horsepower engine for this

Porsche began regular series production

1964

for

September

in

model year 1965. Most automotive journalists

liked

the car and praised the performance Porsche derived from 2 U.S.

liters.

magazines averaged eight seconds

to

60

miles per

opportunity to review his company's ongoing projects and to

hour and found top speeds of 130 miles per hour to be aston-

make

ishing,

a fateful change.

"Why should we make such a four-seater car when rest

can do

it

better than

interviewed about the Butzi's

we can?" he answered

new

car years

1959T-wheelbase from 94.5

later.

to

all

rhetorically

the

when

He approved reducing

ing

something found only

car's price,

much

cars with more cylinders cost-

Still,

of

them did comment on the

higher than the still-in-production

more even than the

87.0 inches, just 4.4 inch-

in

more money. However, several

356 SC and

recent, potent Carrera 2 models.

as with any

first-year

model

of any automobile, the

es longer than production 356s. Butzi slimmed the roof and side-

1965 Porsche 911 had

window

died years before now-either by owners or by Porsche

lines, inclined

the door's rear B-pillar forward, and

the windshield angle a bit steeper than his

improve entry and

interior

first efforts,

made all

to

room.

By early 1963. Ferry and

heads of

in

had renamed

this project Typ

a single casting. Testing proved they'd reached their goal

130 DIN horsepower, 148 SAE, As the

•

a ZF-produced

its

faults.

Many

of these have

been remein

subse-

quent design improvements-and they are mentioned here as a review rather than a warning. Others, such as rust, remain a prob-

Butzi

901. Engine designer Hans Mezger and engineer Ferdinand Piech moved the camshafts to the outside of the individual cylinders and

24

theirTyp

at

6,100 rpm.

;ne car for introduction, they g that

lem ture

for the in

life

of the car. Porsche's early undercoating held mois-

against the steel.

Oil

leaks also remain an ongoing matter

for attention.

These

first-year

models now

sell for

prices higher than those

three or five years later because they are the

added

they adopted from

first,

coterie of enthusiasts recognize the technological

no matter what the costs may be.

and a serious

accomplishment,

1965 Specifications "0" Series 911 coupe

Body Designation: Price:

$5,990 POE New Jersey

Engine Displacement and Type:

Typ

Maximum Horsepowe r @ Maximum Torque @ rpm:

148 SAE gross @ 6,100 rpm

rpm:

901-1, 991 cc (121.5

140

ft-lb

SOHC

cid)

@ 4,200 rpm

Weight:

2,360 pounds

0-62 mph:

9.0 seconds [Road

Maximum Speed:

132 mph (Road

Brakes:

ATE-Dunlop four-piston caliper disc brakes

&

&

Track)

Track)

ZF rack-and-pinion

Steering:

Suspension:

MacPherson

Front:

struts, telescoping

shock absorbers, lower wishbone,

longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

telescoping shock absorbers, semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion bars

Rear:

165HR15 165HR15

Front:

Tires:

Rear:

28

Rear: 33 psi.

Tire air pressure:

Front:

Transmission(s):

Typ 901/2, five-speed

Wheels:

Front:

4. 5.1x15

psi;

stamped

steel

Rear: 4.5Jxl5 stamped steel

What they

said at the time-Porsche for 1965

Sports Car Graphic, January 1965

"Probably the biggest attraction buffs

seem

to wind

in

owning a Porsche

up owning a Porsche.

It's

is

the mystique.

All

the engineers and professional

kind of a club, an in-group of people

good taste to buy something special. At almost $6,500, the 911 dollars of being a mighty expensive car. But to its owners,

it's

is

who

more than a Corvette,

more than worth

men who

are Gran Turismo

think they're special because they've had the less than a Ferrari,

and within not too many

it."

25

Parts List for 1965 911s 14.

Taillight

quoted are for

15.

Windshield

daily operation. Prices

new

price, not including installation labor.

factory parts at

list

NLA means factory parts no longer

available, so prices

quoted are

aftermarket 16.

17.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

S400-S500

NLA

Dashboard

to restore

le:

$12.34

knob

1.

Oil filter

$26.50

18.

Shift

2.

Alternator belt

$6.61

19.

Interior carpet,

3.

Starter

$182.25

4.

Alternator! NLA)

$150.00

complete

NLA

$400.00-800.00 aftermarket

Chassis:

rebuilt

Front rotor

$193.37

5.

Muffler

$1,271.00

21.

Brake pads, front set

$26.70

6.

Clutch disc

$283.41

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$135.00

23.

Front wheel

NLA

Body:

bumper

20.

S50-S100 used Chrome

$ 1.013.60

7.

Front

8.

Left front fender

$ 1,208.41

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$ 1,398.00

10.

Front deck

lid

$ 1.541.85

Minor Service 3,000 miles, includes

11.

Front deck

lid

$9.40 each

change, safety inspection:

S150-S175

12.

Rear deck

$14.24 each

Major Service 6,000 miles

S500-S600

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

lid

struts struts lid

24.

1965 model

911 coupe

Acceleration:

3

Comfort:

3

Handling:

2

Parts Availability:

2

Reliability:

1.5a

a

-

$38.64

see

only

Replacing original Solex carburetors improves text.

Rear wheel

NLA

S50-S100 used Chrome

Ratings

26

S250-S300

NLA

Interior:

from aftermarket suppliers.

Engi

assemb

These are items most commonly replaced during regular

maintenance and routine

reliability;

oil

and

filters

27

I

T

arage Watch

Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911 models. 1964

is

considered as prototype/preproduction year.

model

"regular production" it

their

PCA badges on

the engine deck lid grille

air flow to the engine. "This is

needs

the air

all

is first

Factory original alternator

Porsche Club of America members they should not mount

911,

told

1965

NOTE: When Porsche introduced the

year.

can

it

it

would disrupt

a high performance automobile and

it

get."

get old

and

powerful enough for the time

and too small

for

modern

additions such as radar detectors, cell phones, etc.

Windshield and rear windows leak

when rubber seals

because

produced only 35 amps, barely

corners

in

brittle.

Tensioners for the chain driving the

overhead camshaft are a problem. Because of Porsche's

engines,

it

is

sandcast blocks on these early not possible to replace failed

tensioners with Carrera-engine pieces.

most owners have gone

to

So

930-engine type

tensioners, or mechanical tensioners. This will

already have been done. Examining

owner's receipts this

show when and how

will

was replaced.

Modern day gasoline has so many that

it

won't burn

fully

additives

with the lower

temperature-range spark plugs originally specified.

Buyers/owners should run plugs at

least two to four steps hotter. Car

add-on capacitive discharge system to run

well

needs

ignition (CDI)

on today's gasoline.

OAW/Jrt bolex carburetors are hard to set up

because the metal are

left

is

very soft: very few

because they simply wore

most were converted

Front parking lights

to

out;

Webers.

and

each one-piece lens and

rear taillights are reflector

assemblies. The rear taillights especially are seriously expensive;

good used versions

can be $200. There are now s

available.

Rust

in

front

shock towers and rear

torsion bar housing areas, primarily

Door handles malfunction

on Midwest, southeast, and east

because of problems with the

coast cars but also California cars

door

around San Francisco Bay Area.

body and the

striker plate

on the car

latch

mechanism.

Porsche seats like

in

911

very

Wood

much

those from 3 5 6- very

dash, steering wheel rim;

aging problems.

uncomfortable when collapsed. Recliner

mechanisms

will

break,

flopping the seatback backward.

Rust under battery mount on cars. This usually extends

all

down

a

couple of layers to the

suspension pan that holds the front lower control arms.

The

original

battery

is

22NF-size

narrow

tall,

no longer available for

these cars. The car and battery

mounting area must be

"compromised"

to

replacement

fit

units that are shorter

and

wider.

Nadella halfshafts with exposed

equipment

U-joints. Original

parts were never available so,

upon

Nadellas must be

failure,

modified. More

updated

likely,

these were

to Lo-Bro type.

original car

still

systems, they a very tricky

replacement.

If

an

has the Nadella

will fail; this will

be

and expensive It

is

extremely

unlikely that any Nadellas are still

on the road, and

cars of this vintage, likely

that even the

in

it's

fact on

more

second

generation Lo-Bros have been

replaced at least once. As with

any

first

generation repair,

it

is

wise to question the quality of

Brake master cylinders leak. The brakes would not

fully

such repair work.

release after being applied. This resulted from pedal bushings stiffening

up or being swollen due to

seeped brake

fluid

rust.

onto the bushings and

the pedal assembly. The pistons stuck

hoses swelled shut, acting

like

a

in

one-way

The master cylinder it

leaked out into

the calipers. Brake valve. This

problem

disappeared with the introduction of power brakes and the resulting

complete redesign of the brake system, but

master cylinders can leak

after

about 10 years.

all

Porsche used asphalt-based undercoating, 356technology. This held moisture

door

sills,

in.

Look

for rust in

door jambs, rocker panels, and low at the

rear of the front fenders,

East Coast cars.

on Midwest, Southeast, and

— Chapter 5 The "O" Series Continues The Second Year

In all,

Porsche produced 3,389 of the

911 models

in

model

911

year 1965. Yet, according to Tobias Eichele's book. Porsche

Forever Young, the factory manufactured 3,724

550 more than 1965. and in

one

finding either

to

1966

explaining the difficulty you

have

will

to

little

change the car from model year

production, and only by carrying a serial

number

guide along with you could you easily differentiate between the first

and second

never stocked replacements. The

1966 model

that long-time

of sand-cast

sioners

Porsche

not work

will

to drive that far at that time.

it

a real

GT

car, a car that is

motoring. The harder you drive

and you can almost hear to

use

it

the way

Dr.

it

If

hard-working engine, perfect gear-

box, accurate steering, hard cornering propensities,

make

the more

it

chuckling to

Porsche meant

it

it

to

as you

Engineers expended

effort

to introduce in April

than to

its

six-cylinder

(and

it

can)

it

Most

battery.

reaches

you are seriously considering one of these models that pre-

If

1976), you

repair receipts to

going this

on the second year model. full

It's

with an aggressive racing

912, using the 911 body, ready

models. Porsche priced

nearly

layers

and under the

date the introduction of galvanizing (starting with model year will

far,

want

to look

make

underneath the battery or examine

certain this work has

check behind the headlights

This area captures rain

been done.

in

If

you are

the buckets as well.

and the drain plug often

Porsches, a prepurchase inspection

fills

from beneath

it

at

$1,412

less

outsold

the

911 by

two-to-one.

is

especially

all

recommended on

pregalvanized car bodies built before 1976.

Now. 35 years nal

oil

and brake

later,

lines

it

would be wise to expect that

origi-

need replacement, especially those that

run through the passenger

compartment and are now aging from

prolonged exposure to heat and ozone.

counterpart-$4,063 at the factory compared

$5,475-and 912s

has penetrated down several

this

alive,

1965. This car used the 1600 SC engine from

356SC

jambs and around the windshield.

the suspension pan that holds the front lower control arms.

program of new six-cylinder Typ 906 models. They also had a four-

just-discontinued

have

with rain-splashed or tire-thrown road grime. Although true of

understandable. They had their plates

cylinder production model, the Typ

will

at the rear of the front fenders.

rust in the rear torsion bar area

begin

arrive."

little

is

come

The 911, Jenks continued, "set standards toward which everyone should endeavor to

the crankcases

addition, the early cars are susceptible to corrosion both

really

be used."

in

later Carrera-type ten-

In

the body at the doorsills and

and one-

intended for hard

seems

itself

to

have gone

the sand-cast blocks, most owners

in

troubling

piece feel

will

Turbo-type tensioners or a mechanical tensioner.

miles on the car. indicating what Jenks considers "glorious," and

was

1966 model

or

930

Check also the areas down low

the car

itself

to

got to enjoy for "a glorious week." During that period, he put 1,200

"Its first-class stability,

many

company introduced Lo-Bro type

aluminum. While the

in

how easy

like

ago and Porsche

problem occurred with timing chain tensioners

made

enthusiast and legendary automotive journalist Dennis Jenkinson

also

In

midmodel year 1966 (production

starting

in

February),

Porsche replaced the Solex "overflow" type carburetors with Weber

Porsche produced 6,401 of the 912s, compared to 3,724 911s.

triple-throated down-draft models. The Solex carburetors were cast

Because there are no differences between 1966 models and those from 1965, a prudent shopper would look for the same

to

performance, and problems.

ne of the

30

1967 and any 1965

joints in

gone

year.

was. however, a

It

early engineering choices, have failed long

through one or more sets of these through routine wear. Another

to look at or purchase.

Porsche did very

1965

1966, barely

in

Nadella half-shafts with exposed U-joints. These,

fitted

first

ones were

No new problems appeared,

yet remedied. In particular, Porsche

in

very soft metal and as they have aged they are increasingly hard

keep

in

tune, requiring great experience and very good hearing.

Many mechanics for

will

recommend

converting a Solex car to Webers

tuning ease and reliable running.

1966 Specifications "O" Series Body Designation:

911 coupe

Price:

$5,990 POE New Jersey

Engine Displacement and Type:

Typ

Maximum Horsepowe @ Maximum Torque @ rpm:

148 SAE gross

rpm:

901-1,991 cc (121.5

140

ft-lb

@

@

cid)

SOHC

6,100 rpm

4,200 rpm

Weight:

2,360 pounds

0-62mph:

9.0 seconds {Road

Maximum Speed:

132 mph (Road

Brakes:

ATE Dunlop Four-piston caliper disc brakes

&

&

Track)

Track)

ZF rack-and-pinion

Steering:

Suspension:

MacPherson

Front:

struts, telescoping

shock absorbers, lower wishbone,

longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

Tires

Rear:

telescoping shock absorbers, semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion bars

Front:

165HR15 165HR15 28 psi; Rear: 33

Rear: Tire air pressure:

Front:

psi.

Typ 901/2, five speed

Transmission(s):

Wheels:

Front:

4.5Jxl5 stamped steel

Rear:

4.5.1x15

What they

stamped

steel

said at the time-Porsche for

1966

Car and Driver, April 1966

"No contest. This Gran Turismo cars

in

is

the Porsche to end

the world, certainly

"Only yesterday, the 356 seemed ahead of

and you can't keep your eyes

off the

Porsches-or

all

among

its

911. The 911

arts List for

rather, to start a

whole new generation of Porsches.

time. Today you realize is

a superior car

in

its

time has passed; the

assembly

14.

Taillight

quoted are for

15.

Windshield

daily operation. Prices

new

price, not including

NLA means factory

leaves you utterly unimpressed

made

(NLA)

parts no longer available, so prices quoted are

S250-S300 aftermarket

16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

Interior:

17.

Dashboard

18.

Shift

(NLA)

S400-S500

NLA

$50.00

to restore

Engl ne:

2.

of."

$563.40

retaliation labor.

from aftermarket suppliers.

1.

one of the best

1966 9

maintenance and routine list

356

every respect ... the stuff legends are

These are items most commonly replaced during regular

factory parts at

It's

the top three or four.

$ 26.50

Oil filter

knob (5-speed)

reproduction

$6.61

Alternator belt

19.

Interior

carpet complete

NLA

3.

Starter

$182.25

4.

Alternator

(NLA)

5.

Muffler

$1,271.00

20.

Front rotor

$73.31

6.

Clutch disc

$283.41

21.

Brake pads, front set

$26.70

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$135.00

23.

Front wheel

(NLA)

rebuilt

Body.

$ 1,013.60

bumper

7.

Front

8.

Left front fender

$ 1,208.41

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$ 1,398.00

10.

Front deck

$ 1,541.85

11.

Front deck

12.

Rear deck

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

lid lid lid

struts

struts lid

Chassis:

S50-S10O used chrome

24.

Rear wheel

(NLA)

$50-5100 used chrome

$9.40 each

Minor Service 3,000 miles:

S150-S175

$14.24 eatf

Major Service 6,000 miles

S500-S600

$38.64

$400-5800 aftermarket

$150.00

31

Ratings 1966 model

911 coupe

Acceleration

3

Comfort

3

Handling

2

Parts

1

Reliability

1.5a

a

32

-

only

Replacing original Solex carburetors improves

reliability;

see

text.

33

\ Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911 models.

1965 and 1966

cars are virtually identical. There were no

new

problems with Porsche factory cars or options. However, aftermarket suppliers began offering electric power sunroofs.

Rust under battery mount

)

in all

suspension pan

cars, extending to

holding lower front control arms, as

from 1965.

The

original

battery

22NF-size

tall,

narrow

no longer available

is

for

^

these cars. The car and battery

mounting area must be

"compromised"

to

fit

units that are shorter

replacement

and

wider, as

from 1965.

*$, dash, steering wheel rim; aging problems. Porsche also '

I

offered optional gauges

I

optional

woods

for

and

the dash.

'17W Rust

in

front

shock and rear torsion

bar mounts, non-California cars, as

from 1965.

Nadella halfshafts with exposed U-joints, as until

from 1965, but only

mid-1966 model

year.

Then

Porsche replaced them with Lo-Bro

system with constant velocity joints

Brake master cylinders leak. The brakes would not

weather-and-lubrication-sealed

applied. This resulted from pedal bushings stiffening up, or being swollen

inside rubber boots. But these

due

boots

it

tear, allowing

out and start to

dirt to fail,

get

grease to leak

in.

As the CVs

you can hear a

knocking or loud clicking from the

3^

to rust.

The master cylinder seeped brake

fluid

fully

onto the bushings, and

leaked out into the pedal assembly. The pistons stuck

Brake hoses swelled shut, acting

like

release after being

in

the calipers.

a one-way valve. This problem

disappeared with the introduction of power brakes and the resulting

complete redesign of the brake system, but after

about 10 years.

all

master cylinders can leak

Aftermarket sunroof offered. From the outside like

it

looks

Windshield and rear windows

a factory job; however, unlike later factory units

where motor was at rear of motor

in front,

motors can

between the sun

leak

aftermarket makers set

roof,

visors.

in

corners when rubber

seals get old and

Seals can leak,

1965. Door

fail.

as from

brittle,

striker plates

latches, as from

and

1965.

Factory original alternator

provides only

35 amps,

barely

powerful enough for the time.

Too small for modern additions

such as radar detectors, phones,

etc.,

cell

as from 1965.

Porsche seats, as from 1965.

Modern day gasoline won't burn as from 1965.

fully,

Tensioners for the chain that

dnves the overhead camshaft have always been a problem.

Because

of Porsche's sand-cast

blocks on these early engines, is

it

not possible to replace failed

tensioners with Carrera-engine pieces.

gone

P

So most owners have

to

tensioners. This

"fci

receipts

)ne-piece front parking and rear

taillight

and very expensive

1965. Reproductions are now

assemblies are

to replace

available.

as from

will

already have

been done. Examining owner's

this

difficult to locate

930-engine type

tensioners, or mechanical

will

was

show when and how

replaced.

Solex carburetors are hard to set up because of their metal. Solexes were used only until year,

when Porsche replaced them

mid-1966 model

with Webers.

i

Chapter 6 Last Year of the "O" SeriesMore Power, More Sky

Two years

September 1965.

open

unveiling to put this Butzi

its

third variation,

truly

open in

car,

oping a new, stronger chassis. The

rigidity

in

developed a roadster

Porsche

was the cost

of devel-

rigid

roll

roll

bar served as

bar

in

a brushed

stainless steel sheath. They originally planned this bar as collapsible,

ous

honor

victories at the race in Sicily. Following

its

own numer-

introduction,

it

took

the engineers another year to add reinforcement to the floor pan

wrapped up

that area,

and

if

the air temperature

Fahrenheit, the plastic

could not be

seams

refitted.

filled

out the

"Canrera"

models

the standard

And

formance

show

line. in

if

it

in

was not a

in

was

in

place,

356

in

cooler weather the

the

line,

been "Normal." "Super," and

912

replaced the normal, and

the middle rung of Porsche's per-

On top now was

the

new

"Super." the

9 US.

and

carried over that

change

to regular

model 911s

as well. These improvements, plus spark and valve timing changes, increased horsepower output to 160 DIN and 180 SAE for the

S

differentiate the engines, s

Porsche changed the

shroud from black on the 911 to red on the maintain for years.

36

the

rear,

with one.

first

added

time any production auto-

also provided ventilated disc

It

Porsche had improved the car door locks for els,

and

it

all

mod-

three

also improved the heat exchange bosses that supplied

company had

hot air to the cockpit heater. The

1967, manufacturing 6,645 of

its

911 models

a good year

(as well as

in

6,472

of the 912s).

911 model

it's

important to note a very limited production

that appeared only

The brainchild of

brilliant

in

1967. the legendary "R" model.

engineer Ferdinand Piech,

it

was

creat-

ed as a prototype to launch a broader production run. intended to qualify the

911 modei

The 91 1R model lation,

interiors

for various international racing series.

were Spartan, stripped of carpets, insu-

and headliner materials. The factory formed thinner gauge

steel for

door skins, and front and rear deck

pounds wherever

it

could. Larger

carburetors, twin spark plugs,

lids,

saving precious

Weber 46-millimeter-diameter

and a higher engine speed provid-

these cars

in

itage of the

races and endurance runs founded the racing her-

911. These models seldom change hands, and on

the rare occasions they do

come up

for sale, a

are

known and accounted

through the

exists to

1973 model

Newport Beach.

Beach. CA 92659-5941.

two in

existence but these

If

their

own legends and a

document and preserve these

year.

California.

ing for one. contact the

in

call or

prices up

for.

The 1967 S models founded

owner organization

phone

command

seals the transaction. Usually such cars

the mid six figure range. There are replicas

Engineers replaced the Solex floatless system with downdraft Webers,

To improve handling, engineers

S.

ed 210 horsepower DIN (at 8,000 rpm).The accomplishments of

air.

1966, Porsche introduced a 911 model

Just as there had

the

perfect design.

was cooler than 60 degrees

moisture and cold

911 remained as

ladder.

jumpseat

and the zipper shrunk and the window

stretched, allowing

At the Frankfurt that

rear

the car production-ready. Porsche's zippered,

removable back window of plastic

because

and the

into the front footwells

make

to

gear and a higher top gear.

brakes on these models.

As an aside,

their

first

aluminum wheels made by Fuchs as stan-

came standard

mobile

but the cramped interior allowed no storage space. "Targa," to

with a lower

forged

an antisway bar on the

the soft roofs main support bow, disguising the

They named the car the

fitted

dard equipment on the

that a roof provided had

which a

in

new S model,

production.

in

be replaced somehow. Designers, Gerhard Schroder and Werner

Trenkler.

this

but his father feared

the United States might

outlaw open cars altogether. Further, there

Porsche introduced a matched five-speed transmission for

at

year after the

901.

car, similar to the

Porsche advocated a

that the burgeoning safety regulations

to

"open" 911.

its

company another

took the

It

901 prototype

introducing the Typ

after

Frankfurt, Porsche unveiled

The Early S Registry

is

fine

cars

located

in

you own one of these or are search-

registry

at RO.

Box 16001, Newport

1967 Specifications "O" Series US

Body Designation:

911 coupe.

Price:

911 coupe: S5.990 POE New 911

Targa:

Targa. 9

Jersey

S6.490

911S: S6.990

911S Engine Displacement and Type:

Targa:

S7.490

911: Typ 901/14

•

911S: Typ 901/02

1.991 cc (121.5 cid) -

SOHC Weber 40IDS

carburetors

SOHC

1.991 cc

Weber 40IDA carburetors

Maximum Horsepower @

rpm:

911: 148 SAE

I

6.100 rpm

@ 6.600 rpm 911: 140 ft-lb @ 4.200 rpm 911S: 144 ft-lb @ 5,200 rpm 911S: 180 SAE

Maximum

Torque

@

rpm:

911: 2.360 pounds

Weight:

2.410 pounds

Targa:

911S: 2.279 pounds (factory)

0-60 mph:

911: 7.3 seconds [Motor Trend) Targa: 9.3 seconds

911S: 6.9 seconds {Motor Trend)

Maximum Speed:

911: 138

mph (Motor

Trend)

911S: 152 mph {Motor Trend) Brakes:

ATE-Dunlop Four-piston caliper disc brakes

ZF rack-and-pinion

Steering:

Suspension:

Front:

MacPherson

struts, telescoping

shock absorbers, lower wishbone,

longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

telescoping shock absorbers, semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion bars; S adds antisway bar

Rear:

Rear:

165HR15 165HR15

Front:

28

Front:

Tires:

Tire air pressure:

Rear: 33 psi

psi:

911

Transmission(s):

(U.S.)

902/0 4-speed

in

1967

(optional 5-speed: S80)

911S: Typ 901/2. 5-speed Wheels:

Front:

Rear:

4.5.1x15

stamped

4.5.1x15

Fuchs on

4.5.1x15

stamped

4.5Jxl5 Fuchs on

What they

steel S. optional

on 911

steel S. optional

on 911

1967

said at the time-Porsche for

Car and Driver. January 1967 "Oversteer

is

back-and Porsche's

ter-mile in 15.2 seconds at

got

it!

Early Porsches

had

92 miles per hour ranks with building

it

too.

"Each successive Porsche has been the ultimate Porsche, which

must be the

all-time high.

Where can Porsche go from here?

and now

it

has come

full circle.

a replica of the Great Pyramid of is

akin to

its

For a 2-liter sports car, a quar-

Cheops overnight.

.

being the ultimate luxury GT car. The

911S

surely

I

Build a car with disappearing headlights?"

37

Parts List for 1967 911s These are items most commonly replaced during regular

maintenance and routine daily operation. Prices quoted are

new factory parts

at

list

for

assembly

14.

Taillight

15.

Windshield

$563.40

S250-S300

(NLA)

aftermarket

price. not including installation labor.

NLA means factory parts no longer

available so prices quoted are

16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

Interior:

from aftermarket suppliers.

17.

Dashboard

$400- $500

(NLA)

to restore

Engine: 18.

Shift

knob

(5- speed)

NLA

$50.00

1.

Oil filter

$26.50

2.

Alternator belt

$6.61

3.

Starter

$182.25

4.

Alternator

(NLA)

5.

Muffler

$1,271.00

20.

Front rotor

$73.31

6.

Clutch disc

$283.41

21.

Brake pads, front set

$26.70

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$135.00

23.

Front wheel

(NLA)

reproduction 19.

bumper

$1,013.60

8.

Left front fender

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$1,398.00

10.

Front deck

$1,541.85

11.

Front deck

12.

Rear deck

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

lid

S400-S800

S50-S100 used chrome

$1,208.41

lid

lid

NLA

Chassis:

Body: Front

complete

aftermarket

rebuilt

7.

Interior carpet,

$150.00

struts struts lid

24.

Rear wheel

S50.-S100

(NLA)

used chrome

and

$9.40 each

Minor Service 3,000 miles, includes

$14.24 each

lubrication

$38.64

Major Service 6,000 miles

S500-S600

91 1R coupe

and safety inspection:

oil

filters

$150-5175

Ratings 1967 models

911 coupe

911S cou pe

911Targa

911STarga

Acceleration

3

4

3

4

5

Comfort

3

3

3

3

2

Handling

2

3

2

2

4

Parts

2

3

lb

lb

1

Reliability

3

3

3

3

3

b

38

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche.

change.

39

1967 Garage Watch Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911 models. Many problems

carried over for

1967, and the introduction of factory

sunroofs and theTarga version introduced last year of

new concerns.

This

was the

instruments with green numbers on black backgrounds.

Asphalt-based undercoating promotes

rust,

as from 1965. Rust

in

front

shock towers and rear torsion bar housing area, as from 1965.

The

original

22NF-size

narrow battery

is

tall,

no longer

available for these cars. The car

and battery mounting area must be "compromised"

to

fit

replacement units that are shorter

and

1965.

wider, as from

Rust under battery mount down to

suspension pan,

all

cars, as

from 1965.

Aluminum dash

in

wood

inserts replaced

911. Factory offered

standard gauges for 911 (and

912) that included warning

lights

and optional gauges. 91 IS models retained

their gauges, but

on lesser 911 models, warning lights

First

replaced the instruments.

year of Targa with zip-out windows.

roofs leak both wind noise

and

water.

the

All

Weather

seals dry out, crack. Finding replacements for early

models

is difficult,

and

all

w.

years are

expensive. Two-piece fiberglass folds for storage. Plastic material cracks, crazes (a craze

surface crack that, plastic a frosted light

when abundant,

is

appearance that poorly diffuses

and image transmission through the

zippers

a

gives the

plastic),

jam or break. Factory Targa tops are no

Brake master cylinders leak. The brakes would not

fully

release after

being applied. This resulted from pedal bushings stiffening up, or being swollen

due

to rust

bushings, and

it

The master cylinder seeped brake

fluid

onto the

leaked out into the pedal assembly. The pistons stuck

longer available; dealers are out of stock.

the calipers. Brake hoses swelled shut, acting

However, independent shops often buy them from

problem disappeared with the introduction of power brakes and

converters

who

cut off Targa roofs to

like

resulting

complete redesign of the brake system, but

can leak

after

about 10 years, as from 1965.

in

a one-way valve. This

all

its

master cylinders

US

Factory or aftermarket sunroofs (identifiable

9

because aftermarket makers put motor between

year because of

windshield visors). Seals can leak wind and

introduced for 1968. Car used

rain.

introduced, offered only one

leatherette

smog

dash

restrictions

inserts instead of

wood. While wood dash

inserts in

1965 and 1966 models and

dried out

leatherette

often

was

introduced as improvement and

upgrade, this material also cracked

and

is difficult

and

replace.

and

costly to locate

Windshield and rear windows leak in

corners

old

and

and

when rubber seals Door

brittle.

get

striker plates

1965.

latches, as from

Modern day gasoline won't burn fully,

as from 1965.

Chain tensioners driving the

for the chain

overhead camshaft

have always been a problem.

Because of Porsche's sand-cast blocks on these early engines,

it

is

not possible to replace failed tensioners with Carrera-engine pieces. to

930

So most owners have gone tensioners, or mechanical

tensioners. This

will

certainly

have

already been done. Examining

owner's receipts

and how

this

Factory original alternator produced only

One-piece front parking and rear

taillight

assemblies

will

was

35 amps,

powerful enough for the time. Too small for

additions such as radar detectors,

reproductions available.

from 1965. Porsche seats, as from 1965.

barely

modern

phones,

hard to find and costly to replace, as from 65;

cell

show when

replaced.

etc.,

as

— Chapter 7 The First Effects of the United States Market The "A" Series Dozens from the

first

of

details

little

ing vehicle safety

marked the 1968 models as

Many

three years.

came as

of these

different

a result of meet-

and exhaust emissions regulations imposed on

cars were sold to U.S. customers, 5,400

in

its

1967

air to

the exhaust ports, close to the valve heads

helped oxidize the exhaust hydrocarbons and carbon into

water vapor and carbon dioxide vapor.

The engines did not

911 production

backfiring

alone.

er speeds.

needed tuning more

with

met the emissions standards

a lever inside the handle that one squeezed to open, enlarged

911

Environmental

U.S. safety regulations,

Porsche redesigned

its

wiper blades to eliminate

mirrors, introduced matte-black finished

distracting glare

and reversed

their

placement and sweep angle so

they parked below the driver's eyes. American regulators

separate hydraulic brake inating total brake loss

Porsche the rear

jump

demanded

systems requiring tandem master cylinders and

twin-circuit brake

fitted

fluid circuits for front

stronger windshields

seats.

It

and

and seatbelt mounts

for

increased wheel rim width from 4.5 inches

to 5.5 inches for the 15-inch tires.

But

it

was

had the greatest

U.S.

on enthusiasts. Porsche could not meet the

the

1968 model

States. Instead, fully

it

year.

So

it

911 engine

installed the standard

equipped 91 IS bodies and labeled

American customers had the 91 their

three choices.

In

in

time

did not export these to the United

1L, the

this

into the

more

model the 91 1L so

base 911. and the 912

Europe, the S

for

remained available, and

Porsche, seeking to provide a lower-cost alternate, introduced the

91

IT,

selling for

out as the

even less than the base 911. Not quite as stripped

1967 R model,

the T

than the base model, making

still

it

weighed about 77 pounds less

a desirable package for European

racing series.

To

meet the United

States'

first

exhaust emission standards,

Porsche engineer Hans Mezger and his crew installed

air

pumps.

ke an air supercharger, driven by a belt pulley, ii

(without the additional fuel mixture of a

3d of going

into the intake valves,

these

pumps caused at high-

and the engines

often. Ironically, U.S. specification cars barely

with the air

pumps and

eventually the

recognized their limited

EPA eventually allowed 1968 912 owners

and Porsche offered plugs

ing shrouds. Virtually every

911 owner

to seal the

to eliminate

engine cool-

followed suit even though,

the waiver did not extend to the six-cylinder engines.

TheTarga roof leaked cold

air

and moisture not only through

the roof panel seals and the zippered plastic back panel. American

complaints got so loud that as an option the factory replaced the

removable plastic window panel with a fixed glass back window

was

government exhaust emissions standards that

effect

air

rpm and balked

to maintain

Protection Agency (EPA)

altogether,

officially,

that

problems of cleaning the exhaust of the powerful S engines for

them

rear brakes, elim-

the event of a system failure or fluid leak.

in

value. The

at low

Owners found them hard

door

meet

system. The

like this

and the engines bucked

it

To

handles, eliminating the outside push button and replacing

42

this

monoxide

car makers worldwide by a protective American government. For

Porsche, these were necessary changes. Half

warm

delivered

where

air-

and weather-tight.

Engineers developed

a

semiautomatic transmission, the

Sportomatic, specifically aimed at attracting new American customers. The new transmission, theTyp 905, incorporated a torque

What

converter with Porsche's existing four-speed transmission.

made

it

seem

ever the driver tripped

a

sports-car-like

moved

it,

was the

gearshift lever that,

when-

disengaged a clutch. The base of the lever

microswitch that mechanically operated

a

vacuum

servo-motor to disengage the clutch. The slightest touch on the lever

disengaged the clutch. Still,

offered

because both Corvette and Jaguar

automatic as well as manual

American marketplace quickly

filling

a clutch pedal, Porsche

had

felt

Neither the T nor the

States for the

1968 model

technical specifications

it

with drivers

to

S were year.

shift

the mid-1960s

in

transmissions to an

who

hadn't mastered

compete. legally

imported to the United

However, they are included

in

the

and parts prices because many of them

have subsequently been imported to the United States. Their age precludes any need to comply with original

smog

regulations.

1968

£»pe< cifications

Body Designation:

911T, 911L

Price:

911T: $6,150 POE

New

"A" Series

Jersey

911T: $6,430 w/Sportomatie

911L: $6,790 911L: $7,070 w/Sportomatic 911L: $7,190 w/Targa Engine Displacement and Type:

901/14

Typ

- 1,991 cc (121.5 cid)

S0HC

Weber 46IDA 3C carburetors, with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) for U.S.

Maximum Horsepowe @ Maximum Torque @ rpm: r

rpm:

Weight:

911 and 911L cars

148 SAE 145

ft-lb

@ 6,100 rpm @ 4,200 rpm

2.360 pounds

T,

coupe

L

2,420 pounds coupe w/Sportomatic 2,410 pounds Targa

0-62 mph:

9.1 seconds (factory, coupe) 9.3 seconds (factory, Targa)

&

10.3 seconds {Road

Track,

T w/Sportomatic)

Maximum Speed:

9 1 IT

L:

131 mph

Sporto: 117

(factory)

mph {Road &

Track)

Brakes:

ATE Dunlop Four-piston caliper

Steering:

ZF rack-and-pinion

disc brakes

Suspension:

Front:

MacPherson

struts, telescoping

shock absorbers, lower wishbone, longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

Rear:

telescoping shock absorbers, semitrailing

arms, transverse torsion bars; L adds antisway bar Front:

Tires:

Tire air pressure:

165HR15. optional 185HR15

Rear:

165HR15. optional 185HR15

Front:

31

psi;

911T,

Transmission(s):

L:

Rear: 33

psi.

902/0 4-speed

U.S.

911T: 905/0 Sportomatic U.S.

911L: 906/0 Sportomatic U.S.

Wheels:

Front:

5.5.1x15

Fuchs on

T,

L

T.

L

optional 6x15

Rear:

5.5.1x15

Fuchs on

optional 7x15

What they

said at the time-Porsche for

1968

Sports Car Graphic, March 1968

By Bob Kovacik "Putting an automatic transmission

in

a Porsche

is like artificial

insemination:

It's

no fun anymore. At least that was our

first

impression. "Bill

Haworth. Porsche and Volkswagen public relations director

a long time.

who

'It's

the type of thing that

will

in

the West, told us they'd been waiting for this transmission for

bring us more customers from the professional ranks-doctors, lawyers,

don't want to be bothered with continual shifting in heavy traffic, but want a sports car.'"

men and women,

too,

43

p arts List for 1968 911s These are items most commonly replaced during regular maintenance and routine daily operation. Prices quoted are tory parts at

price, not including installation labor.

list

for

new

Windshield

15.

NLA

S250-S300 aftermarket

fac-

NLA means

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

16.

factory parts no longer available so prices quoted are from after-

Interior:

market suppliers.

17.

Dashboard

NLA

S400.00-S500.00 to restore

Engine:

knob (5-speed)

18.

Shift

19.

Interior

NLA

$50.00 reproduction

1.

Oil filter

$26.50

2.

Alternator belt

$6.61

3.

Starter

$182.25

4.

Alternator (NLA)

$150.00

5.

Muffler

$1,271.00

20.

Front rotor

$73.31

6.

Clutch disc

$283.41

21.

Brake pads, front set

$26.70

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$135.00

23.

Front wheel

NLA

aftermarket

$1,013.60

7.

Front

8.

Left front fender

$1,208.41

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$1,398.00

10.

Front deck

$1,541.85

11.

Front deck

12.

Rear deck

lid lid lid

struts

struts

deck

14

lid

Taillight

Rear wheel

24.

Minor Service 3,000 miles, includes

$14.24 each

change, lubrication and safety inspection:

$38.64

Major Service 6,000 miles

911S coupe

911L coupe

Acceleration

3

2.5

4c

3

Comfort

3

2

3c

3

Handling

2.5

3

3.5c

3

Parts

2

2

3c

2

Reliability

2.5

911 coupe

911T coupe

3 ly

3c

Some

sold in U.S.

2.5

have been brought

in.

1968 models. manual transmission, continued 911Targa

911TTarga

9

US Targa

911L Targa

Acceleration

3

2.5

4c

3

Comfort

3

2

3c

3

Handling

2

2.5

3c

2.5

Parts

lb

lb

lbc

lb

Reliability

2.5

3

3c

2.5

Targa roof no longer available from Porsche.

b c

-

911S 1968 model

not originally sold

in U.S.

Some have been brought

in.

1968 models. Sportomatic transmission 911 coupe

911T coupe

911S coupe

911L coupe

Acceleration

2.5

2

3.5c

2.5

Comfort

3

2

3c

3

Handling

2.5

3

3.5c

3

Parts

Id

id

id

Id

ie

ie

Reliability

c

-

d

-

e

-

911S 1968 models

not originally sold

in U.S.

Some

have been brought

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard to find, costly to buy. Sportomatic repair difficult, expensive, may fail quickly. See text.

1968 models. Sp

oil

filters

$150-5175

Ratings

not origina

and

$9.40 each

assembly

911S 1968 model

$50.-5100

NLA

used chrome

1968 models, manual transmission

c -

S50-S100 used chrome

Porsche badge, front

13.

$400- $800

NLA

Chassis:

rebuilt

Body:

bumper

carpet complete

jn,

continued

le in.

S500-S600

ncuii B5>

continued

911Targa

911TTarga

911STarga

911LTarga

Acceleration

2.5

2

3.5c

2.5

Comfort

3

2

3c

3

Handling

2

2.5

3c

2.5

Parts

lbd

lbd

lbd

lbd

Reliability

le

le

Ice

le

b

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche.

c

-

911S 1968 models

d

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard to

e

-

Sportomatic repair

not originally sold

difficult,

expensive,

in U.S.

may

Some have been brought find, costly to buy.

fail

quickly.

See

text.

in.

lOfifi

fiar^^e

Watch

Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911 models.

Targa roofs, as from 1967.

(smog) pump. This

Air injection

was a one-year-only pump and very difficult to find.

May need

is

to

be present and/or working to

meet your

state clean air

inspections. The

common

interpretation of current California

law

is

before

that cars manufactured

1973

undergo

are not required to

smog

tests.

Most

often

these are just removed.

Modern day gasoline won't burn fully,

as from 1965.

Magnesium-alloy crankcases introduced midyear;

problematic after second or

*«

third

engine rebuild. The

cylinder

head studs screw

directly into the "mag-alloy"

crankcase. Inserts are the aftermarket

fix.

"V>&

Sportomatic torque-converter Typ

905/13

troublesome

transmission to

keep running.

Parts rare to nonexistent,

especially seals. Repairs and

overhauls extremely expensive.

47

— Chapter 8 The "B" Series Big Changes Broaden Horizons, and Bosch Injects the Fuel Revised carburetion and intake and exhaust manifold design eliminated the need for

air

pumps on

U.S.

models

91 IS models and on

a

new

midlevel worldwide model, the

pump

This injection system drove the fuel

a

pump

plunger that squirted fuel into an

91

IE.

by a cogged belt

inlet port.

speeds and over long periods

It

was

reliable

of running.

And

aluminum going the

with

eliminated the need for

adjustment of the

air

pumps from these

tighter restrictions,

so Porsche

fitted

caused early engine

miles.

an

insert,

had even

capacitive-discharge ignitions

because there was no method

to

hand

throttle to

warm-up, placing the control between the seats.

190 SAE. To ensure

grille

Deep

below the

inside the

to

that the additional power output did

not strain the S engine. Porsche added an additional

behind the

oil

cooler

made

change. But where fuel injection demonstrated

another profound its

value, this

decision proved ultimately to be a step backward.

lar

access port

models

a round plug

a telltale sign

in

making

changed, and

magnesium. Threads

crankcases saved 22 pounds from the rear of the

the

grief

the

magnesium

had the

to

extra

car,

but over the

22 pounds than

castings caused.

The engine now used three

different metals,

magnesium

for

the crankcase, aluminum for the cylinder heads, and steel for the

long

bolts

holding

the

heads onto the

made

magnesium

Unfortunately these three metals expand at different rates

easy to identify the model year change.

suspension. This used hydro-pneumatic front struts developed by Boge that adopted the functions of strut, spring, and anti-

sway

bar. Offered

as standard equipment on 91 IE models,

hot,

it

was optional on the S and could be ordered on the T moaels as part of a comfort package that intended to soften the

The Boge system definitely softened the travel

The hydro-pneumatic leaks and owners found

Among

it

body

roll

in

hard cornering.

Boge soon developed

struts from

a

in

left

museum,

there

will

be no

anywhere.

other smaller changes that improved handling, Porsche

corner, to two 6-volt batteries,

in

the

one below each headlight,

divide the weight up front. To

make use

a 770-watt alternator, which

it

left

front

to evenly

of this power. Porsche fitted

needed, with the addition of option-

conditioning and a heavily revised heating system. At the end of

912

seal

too costly to replace them. By this point,

changed over battery power from a single 12-volt

al air

ride.

ride; its struts provid-

than the Koni shock absorbers and MacPherson

struts, allowing uncharacteristic

casings.

when

the circu-

aft.

1969-and-later

in

the rocker panel provided access and gave

it

hydro-pneumatic suspension models

rather have

or installing

often, bolts

Porsche engineers devised and introduced a self-adjusting

new

Where 911

for the torsion bar

unless the car has lived on blocks

most owners would

most

have been done at least once to any 1968

will

cast-aluminum, Porsche now cast them

years,

50-to-75.000

new ones

Porsche improved handling by moving the rear wheels 2.25

secure head bolts were tapped into the cases. These magnesium

48

steel bolts with,

crankcases from 1964 through mid-model-year 1968 had been in

in

magnesium-alloy engine that has 50.000 miles or more.

ed longer

right headlight.

engine. Porsche

failures requiring rebuilds at

out the threads, tapping

and replacing the

of dilavar. This

"choke" fuel

base 911 engine. The S stepped up from 160 DIN, 180 SAE DIN,

drill

lengthening the car body. By moving the rear wheel

later

Porsche managed to tweak another 10 horsepower from the

170

Shops

Air

fuel.

engines. Regulations

injection during a cold start. Porsche introduced a

set idle during

combust unburned

pollution controls further heated engines to

This

literally

magnesium cases.

inches back, extending the wheelbase to 89.3 inches, without

(CDI) to increase spark intensity, further improving exhaust emissions. However,

Over time, this expansion

fuel-air mixture. This

1970 model automobiles and those

place for

farthest.

pulled the steel bolts from the threads of the

offered the additional benefit, for emissions-controlled engines,

of allowing very precise

in

addi-

the end of one of the overhead camshafts. Each cylinder had

at very high engine it

In

Porsche brought fuel injection technology to the street on

tion,

off

1969.

in

model year 1969. Porsche discontinued the

series, replacing

it

with

914 and 914/6 models.

1969 Specifications "B" Series Body Designation:

911T, 911E,

Price:

911T: $5,795 POE

911S

New

Jersey

911E: $6,995

911S: $7 695 add $620 forTarga T

Engine Displacement and Type:

911T: Typ 901/03; 1,991 cc

S0HC Weber 46IPT 3C

(121.5 cid)

Maximum Horsepower @

rpm:

carburetors.

w/EGR

Exhaust Gas Recirculation

911E: Typ 901/09 with Bosch mechanical

fuel injection

and EGR

911S: Typ 901/10 with Bosch mechanical

fuel injection

and EGR

911T: 125 SAE

@

5,800 rpm

911E: 158 SAE

a

6.500 rpm

911S: 190 SAE % 6,800 rpm

Maximum Torque @

rpm:

Weight:

911T: 131

ft-lb

@ 152 @

@

4,200 rpm

911E: 145

4,500 rpm

911S:

5,500 rpm

911T: 2,360 pounds coupe

91

IE:

2.410 pounds coupe

911S: 2,370 pounds coupe

0-60 mph:

911T: 7.8 seconds (Car and Driver)

911E: 7.0 seconds [Car and Driver) 91 IS: 6.5 seconds [Car and Driver) add 1.2 seconds Sportomatic

Maximum Speed:

911T: 125

mph [Motor Racing ASportscar)

911E: 130 mph (Road

&

Track)

911S: 136 mph (Motor) subtract 11 mph Sportomatic ATE Dunlop vented four-piston caliper disc brakes

Brakes:

ZF rack-and-pinion

Steering:

Suspension:

Front:

911T and

S:

MacPherson

struts, telescoping

shock absorbers, lower wishbones, longitudinal

torsion bars, antisway bar

911E: wishbones, antisway

Boge hydro-pneumatic Rear:

bar,

self-leveling struts

telescoping shock absorbers, semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion bars, antisway bar

Tires:

Front:

Rear:

911T:

S:

911T:

185HR14 S: 185/70VR15

911E, Tire air pressure:

Front:

185HR14 185/70VR15

911E,

31

psi;

Rear:

34

psi

911T: 901/12 4-speed U.S.

Transmission(s):

905/13 Sportomatic

U.S.

911E: 901/06 5-speed U.S.

911S: 901/13 5-speed U.S. Wheels:

Front:

911T: 5.5Jxl4 Fuchs

911E, Rear:

S:

6.0Jxl5 Fuchs

911T: 5.5Jxl4 Fuchs

911E,

S:

7.0Jxl5

49

What they said

at the time-Porsche for

1969

Car and Driver, March 1969

"Mark Donohue's soon as you

you right off

tells

first

comment on the 91 IS

it's

pretty

no doubt which one

light the fires, there's

is

much

said

it all.

the top of the

'Although

line.

it's

impossible to identify these cars

in profile,

as

That rasping, crackling exhaust note on the 911S really

not fooling around.'

"Porsche would

like

the world to believe that the primary reason

sion standards, but no one

is

hiding the fact that there's

it

went

that supplies fuel to each intake port via separate pipes. The flow

is

was

to fuel injection

more power available as

well.

The

Fl's

to

heart

is

comply with the exhaust emisa six-plunger distributor

pump

intermittent and timed in the firing order sequence."

Pa These are items most commonly replaced during regular main-

tenance and routine tory parts at

daily operation. Prices

quoted are

price, not including installation labor.

list

for

new

NLA

15.

Windshield

16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

S250-S300 aftermarket

fac-

NLA means

factory parts no longer available so prices quoted are from after-

Interior:

market suppliers.

17.

NLA

Dashboard

S400-S500 to restore

18.

Engii le:

Shift

knob

NLA

(5- speed)

$50.00

1.

Oil filter

$26.50

2.

Alternator belt

$6.61

3.

Starter

$182.25

4.

Alternator

(NLA)

5.

Muffler

$1,271.00

20.

Front rotor

6.

Clutch disc

$283.41

21.

Brake pads, front set

$26.70

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$135.00

reproduction 19.

$400-800

NLA

carpet complete

aftermarket

$150.00

rebuilt

Body

bumper

Interior

Chassis:

S73.31

7.

Front

$1,027.34

23.

Front wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

S250-S400 used

8.

Left front fender

$1,141.65

24.

Rear wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

S250-S400 used

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$1,048.40

Chrome

10.

Front deck

lid

$1,541.85

Minor Service 3,000 miles, includes

11.

Front deck

lid

$9.40 each

change, lubrication and safety inspection:

12.

Rear deck

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

14.

Taillight

lid

struts

lid

and

filters

$150-5175

$14.24 each

struts

oil

$38.64

Major Service 6,000 miles

S500-S600

housing and lens

Ratings 1969 models. manual transmission

911E coupe

911S coupe

91 IT Targa

911E Targa

911S

3

3.5

4

3

3.5

4

Comfort

3

3

4

3

3

4

Handling

3.5

3g

4

3

2-5g

3

Parts

3

3g

4

2b

2bg

2b

Reliability

2f

2fg

2f

2f

2fg

2f

9 1 IT

b f

g

SO

coupe

Acceleration

•

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche.

Magnesium cases, see

-

-

text.

Hydro-pneumatic suspension, see

text.

Targa

Ratings

continued

1969 models, Sportomatic transmission

911T coupe

911E coupe

911S coupe

91 IT Targa

911E Targa

91 IS Targa

Acceleration

2.5

3

3.5

2.5

3

3.5

Comfort

3

3

4

3

3

4

Handling

3.5

3g

4

2.5

2g

3

Parts

Id

ldg

Id

lbd

lbdg

lbd

Reliability

lef

lefg

lef

lef

lefg

lef

b

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

d

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard to

e

-

Sportomatic repair

f

difficult,

Magnesium cases, see

expensive,

may

find, costly to buy.

fail quickly.

See

text

text,

g - Hydro-pneumatic suspension; see

text.

51

1969 Garage Watch Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911 models. New

longer wheelbase to improve handling,

mechanical

new

front suspension,

on E and S models, Weber carburetors on

fuel injection

T models. Last year of the pull-push type clutch linkage. Axles and

CV

joints

much

mechanism improved. Hand

starting

because car has no choke.

Electrically

I

providing longer

larger,

recliner

life

expectancy. Seats and

throttle introduced to aid in cold

heated rear window defogger.

Timing chain guides/tensioners/tensioner

I support

shaft/idler sprockets

all fail,

as

from 1968.

Cylinder head studs

mag-alloy

in

cases, as from 1968.

Modern day gasoline won't burn fully,

as from 1965.

Mechanical

on E

fuel injection

and S models. Tuning

difficult.

Repair and replacement very costly. Thirsty.

System runs

on E and S models and be very

reliable

when

can

it

set

well

up

properly, but in order to run well,

they run for

rich,

them now

state

smog

making to

tests

it

difficult

pass certain

and providing

15-mile per gallon

Typ

905/13 Sporto transmission-parts

unobtainable, as from 1968.

On cars 901/12 transmissions as fitted to 91 IT models, 901/06 transmissions as with

fitted to

91 IE models, and 901/13

transmissions

in

91 IS models, the

spider gear climbs up into the rest of the transmission, destroying the Last year of push-button outer

transmission. As from late 1968.

door handles.

— Cha The "C" Series Already Good; Gets

New

Better with

For 1970, porsche introduced a

magnesium, as were the a single

aluminum

now

and

cylinder

new

head that worked

91 IT models that would

for

Engineers rearranged hot

2.2-liter engine, cast in

1,991-cc models. Engineers designed

final

for the

91

IS,

911E.

be offered worldwide.

distribute the heat.

the United States used Zenith

models continued with the Bosch mechanical affixed a small

injection.

The factory

engine silhouette decal imprinted with "2.2" to the

bottom center of each rear window.

window defogger got

rear

or mist condensation.

is

left in

the

igni-

step

window More

described as a

wiper,

The

theft deterrence.

in

second

a

electric

and snow

intensity level for ice

The factory revised outside door handles it

and optional power

significant for

owners

in

offered an optional outside

lift

windows.

for side

wet and snowy regions was the

push-pull type linkage. Depressing the pedal pulled the linkage.

introduction

Over time, the plastic thrust piece at the rear of the cable

addressed rust and corrosion protection. Unfortunately, over the

break, leaving you without a clutch. A

aluminum

piece, but that pointed

common

up a weak

fix

was

link at

will

to use

an

the pivot bolt

dy

is

when

it

fails.

Owners have discovered the best reme-

to use the plastic piece

and always carry a spare

long term, this

for the clutch cable is part of a

casting of the differential housing that, like

in

1970 and

one-piece

with modified

was

later,

clutch cable rises

and tends

common

to attach

fix is

When

the hole

fails,

the

had the opposite

effect

and

first

actually

really sold

virtually

gutted-911T models

91 IS engines, producing more on the order

of

fitted

230,

250, and even 270 DIN horsepower. These cars generally weighed around 1.850 pounds, using thin-wall door and deck similar to those used on the

paigned vigorously by the factory. Their abouts, are known and.

like

skins

lid

1967 911R models. They were cam-

to rub the axie flange. Friction breaks to the outside of the

as Porsche

and Porsche's racing department prepared a small

an auxiliary loop

differential housing.

histories,

and

their

where-

the R models, they change hands over

the phone for midsix-figure prices.

The clutch pressure plate on 1970 and 1971 models resembles that of

models,

all

known as the 911S-T models. These were never

to the public

the crankcases. The holes enlarge over time from

use as the cable slides through them.

A

material

number, perhaps only nine, of

The guide hole

it.

undercoating on

Another limited series bears mention: the rally-prepared cars

the

in

glove box.

magnesium

of

trapped moisture next to metal.

inside the bell housing that requires engine removal from the car to replace

1972 and

later

models.

It

is

not the

same and

to use a later plate (at half the price), they'll learn the

if

one

tries

mechanism

is

not strong enough to operate the heavier diaphragm.

some

third

point even

requiring removal of the engine to replace them. offer its this

was no

semiautomatic Sp^omatic, now as

longer available for the

It's

fair to

91 IS.

say that not

were improvements. But the

it's

all

Porsche's improvements always

important to

1970 model was. Because

heads with

By now, most throw-out fork pivot bearings are on their generation of changes and replacements. At

54

first

again to improve the opener lever and rear

Porsche revised the clutch, using what

setting to

Porsche added a lock to the steering column, released by turn-

ing the ignition key. as a

in

used Webers), while the E and S

it

midway

States got signal buzzers to remind drivers of keys

and. of course, by fuel feed. The T

Europe

lever got a

blink the lights for lane changes. Cars destined for the United

tion.

(in

-

vents below the dash to better

air

The turn signal

Horsepower was varied no longer by valve diameter but by timing

40T1N carburetors

Engine

their large valves (at

limeter larger than the previous

of the

46

make

how good cylinder

millimeters, they were 1 mil-

9 US heads, and equal

racing Carrera 6 sizes), any properly running ter,

clear

new aluminum

1970 model

to the

ran bet-

ran faster, and got slightly better mileage than any properly

running

1969 model. There was more

durability,

and more

civility for

power, more

the prices.

reliability,

more

i

1970 Specifications "C" Series Body Designation:

911T, 911E, 911S

Price:

911T: $5,795 POE

New

1

Jersey

911E: $6,995 911S: $7,695 add $620 forTarga Engine Displacement and Type:

911T

U.S.: Typ

911/07; 2,195 cc (133.9

cid),

SOHC, Zenith 40 TIN carburetors w/EGR

(Exhaust Gas Recirculation)

911E Maximum Horsepower

@

911E

U.S.: Typ

911/01

with Bosch mechanical fuel injection,

911S

U.S.: Typ

911/02

with Bosch mechanical fuel injection,

911S: 200 SAE rpm:

911T: 148

ft-lb

911E: 160

@ @

911S: 164 Weight:

o

SAE @ 5,800 rpm

rpm: 91 IT: 142

911E: 175 SAE

Maximum Torque @

EGR EGR

@ @ @

6,500 rpm 6,500 rpm 4,200 rpm

4,500 rpm 5,200 rpm

911T: 2,318 pounds coupe

911E: 2,307 pounds coupe

911S: 2,390 pounds coupe

0-60 mph:

91 IT: 8.1 seconds {Road & 91

IE: 7.7

911S: 7.3 seconds {Road

Maximum Speed:

Track)

seconds (Autosport)

&

Track) add 1.2 seconds Sportomatic

91 IT: 128 mph (Modern Motor) 911E: 137 mph (Autosport) 911E: 144 mph {Road

Track) subtract 11

mph Sportomatic

ZF rack-and-pimon

Steering:

Suspension:

&

vented disc brakes

Brakes:

Front:

911T, S: MacPherson struts, telescoping shock absorbers, lower wishbones, longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

911E: hydro-pneumatic

Tires:

self-leveling struts,

wishbones

Rear:

telescoping shock absorbers, semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion bars; S adds antisway bar

Front:

911T:

185HR14

911E, S: 185/70VR15 Rear:

185HR14 S: 185/70VR15 31 psi; Rear: 34 psi 911T:

911E, Tire air pressure:

Front:

911T:911/00 4-speed U.S

Transmission(s):

Front:

905/20 Sportomatic

91 IT.

E:

911T,

E, S:

911T:

5.5M4

911/01 5-speed

Rear:

S:

Wheels

Fuchs

optional: 5.5J15

911E,

U.S.

U.S.

Mahle cast aluminum

6.0Jxl5 Fuchs

911T: 5.5Jxl4 Fuchs optional: 5./5Jxl5

911E,

S:

Mahle cast aluminum

7.0Jxl5 Fuchs

55

What they said Road &

Track,

"The 911S. exciting though its.

The S just frustrates

that

in

at the time-Porsche for

1970

March 1970

its

is

it is,

not the right car for use

poor driver most of the time

second gear and you're at the speed

in

in

America-unless one

limit in California) or cruise at

its brilliant

tractable as before,

we recommend

is

as the best Porsche for all-around use-and a great car

it

its

redline through the gears (do

130-plus miles per hour, and gives away a

upper range, not to mention the extra cost. Since the 911T

performance to get

without open road speed lim-

lives in a state

everyday driving, crying to be run up to

low-speed

lot in

also a bit stronger this year, and just as it

is."

Parts List for 1970 These are items most commonly replaced during regular

maintenance and routine daily operation. Prices quoted are

new

factory parts at

NLA means

list

15.

$250-5300

NLA

Windshield

for

price, not including installation labor.

factory parts no longer available so prices quoted are

from aftermarket suppliers.

aftermarket 16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

Interior:

17.

Dashboard

18.

Shift

19.

Interior carpet,

$808.42

NLA

knob (5-speed)

$50.00

Engine:

reproduction

Oil filter

$26.50

Alternator belt

$6.61

Starter

$182.25

Alternator

(NLA)

Muffler

Clutch disc

NLA

complete

S400-S800 aftermarket

Chassis:

$150.00

20.

Front rotor

$73.31

$1,271.00

21.

Brake pads, front set

$26.70

$324.93

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$135.00

23.

Front wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

$250-$400 used

$1,027.34

24.

Rear wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

S250-S400 used

Left front fender

$1,141.65

Chrome

Right rear quarter panel

$1,048.40

Minor Service 3,000 miles, includes

Front deck

$1,541.85

lubrication

Front

bumper

Front deck

Rear deck

lid lid lid

housing and lens

and

filters

change,

$150-5175

$14.24 each lid

oil

and safety inspection:

$9.40 each

struts struts

Porsche badge, front deck Taillight

rebuilt

Major Service 6,000 miles

$500-5600

$38.64

$467.10

Ratings 1970 models, manual transmission

US Targa

911E coupe

91 IS coupe

91 IT Targa

9

2.5

3

3.5

2.5

3

3.5

Comfort

3

3

4

3

3

4

Handling

4

3g

4

3.5

2.5g

3.5

Parts

3

3g

4

2b

2bg

2b

Reliability

3f

3fg

3f

3f

3fg

3f

b f

-

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche.

Magnesium cases; see

text.

g - Hydro-pneumatic suspension: see

56

HE Targa

911T coupe Acceleration

text.

9

Ratings

continued

1970 models, Sportomatic transmission 911T coupe

911E coupe

91 IT Targa

911E

Acceleration

2

2.5

2

2.5

Comfort

3

3

3

3

Handling

4

3g

3.5

2.5g

Parts

Id

ldg

lbd

lbdg

Reliability

2ef

2efg

2ef

2efg

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

b

-

d

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard to

e

•

Sportomatic repair

f

-

Targa

difficult,

Magnesium cases, see

expensive,

may

find, costly to buy.

fail quickly.

See

text,

text,

g - Hydro-pneumatic suspension, see

text.

57

1970 fcarage Watch Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911 models.

Rust,

non-California cars.

still,

I Windshield and rear windows leak in

corners

old

and

when rubber seals

brittle

get

as from 1965.

I Front fresh air blowers

fail,

as

from 1969.

JL Guide hole

for clutch

cable

is

part of one-piece casting of differential housing.

from use.

When

it

Holes wea

fails,

clutch

cable rises up and rubs axle flanges, wearing

them out and

breaking them.

nyaro pneumatic suspension on E.

as from 1969; doubtful any

are

left.

Brake master cylinders leak, as from 1965.

Weather seal around

Electric

optional sunroof

lifts

will leak.

Check drains— they need to

be open; you can blow

them out air

so

with

window

Clutch changed.

911//01

optional;

New

transmission, Typ

eliminates pin-bolt wear

check motors

problem. Factory optional

and weather

fitted

seal.

conditioning

air

under dash.

compressed

rain drains to ground.

Mechanical

now had

fuel injection

on E and S;T

Zenith 40TIN carburetors.

fc Cylinder head studs

in

mag-alloy

cases as from 1968.

Timing chain guides/tensioners/tensioner support shaft/idler sprockets

as

all fail,

from 1968.

Check

pull-type clutches on

2.2-liter

1970 911s.

Plastic thrust

piece at rear of cable breaks. The

was an aluminum

fix

piece, but that

pointed up a weak

link at

the pivot bold

inside the bell housing that requires

engine removal from the car to replace.

Typ

905/20 Sportomatic

transmission-parts

rare, very

expensive-to-no-longer-available. This updates original

but

is little

905/13

improvement.

fitted to

911T

Pressure plate

transmissions as

fitted

looks

901/12

transmissions as

models.

901/06

to

911E models, and 901/13

transmissions

in

91 IS models, the

spider gear climbs up into the rest of the transmission, destroying the

transmission. As from late 1968.

and

like

in

that of

on. However,

plate (which

because

it

is

is

1970 and 1971

cars

model years 1972 do not use the

half

later

as expensive)

not strong enough to

operate the heavier clutch diaphragm

and

it

will fail

very quickly.

59

\

1971 Chapter 10 The "D" Series Status Quo

Good

Is Still

The

Germany

recession that began

U.S. in

buoyed by a disastrous exchange

1970 caught up

in

1971. Production dropped

11,715 cars as

to

rate from U.S. dollars to

German

Porsche carried over

in

engines that

it

its

in

Europe

retained the Webers. while the E

it

some

still

at

6.500 rpm still

6,200 rpm

for the

911E, and 180 DIN, 200

for the

9 US. The engine silhouette with the

affixed to the rear

window. differential

casings were

retained as well. With the 2.2-liter engine, Porsche had revised the

pull

1970 model

year, using

what

is

described as a push-

piece, but that pointed bell

A common

up a weak

was

fix

link at

the pivot bolt inside the

housing that requires engine removal from the car to replace.

Owners have discovered the best remedy piece and always carry a spare

The guide hole

for

in

magnesium

like

in

is

to use the plastic

clutch cable rises fix is

and tends to attach

1970. 1971. and

later,

was

the Boge hydro-pneu-

was

learning that the Boge

costly to replace. While

T was

When

the hole

fails,

fitted with

car that

still

it),

1971 Es were

all

first

manu-

it

only produced five for

and specified option code

head

lining,

operate the heavier diaphragm.

not

or

failed, the car settled

itself.

They ordered a 91 IS

that, instead of

interior

adding equip-

sound deadening, carpeting,

and the glovebox door. This code

fitted lighter

weight

open doors, and aluminum bumpers and deck

The racing

lid.

department produced 100 sets of special lightweight components in

addition to the

M-490

option code, so customers could further

lighten their competition cars.

As with

earlier factory special cars, the

at

Monte Carlo and

documented and accounted

Replicas

is

S

to find a

corduroy-covered sport seats, cardboard door trims with strap pulls

well

mechanism

M490

ment, deleted bumper guards,

an

at half the price), they'll learn the

now

but impossible

Porsche now offered 911S-T models to special private cus-

competed and won

The pressure plate on 1970 and 1971 models resembles that of 1972 and later models. It is not the same and if one tries to use

all

had the system. When the seals

tomers though

the

auxiliary loop to the outside of the

would be

it

nearly onto the ground.

to rub the axle flange. Friction breaks

differential housing.

to

last year, however, for

sooner than standard shock absorbers and they were

much more

to

part of a one-piece cast-

the crankcases. The holes enlarge over time from

use as the cable slides through them.

A common

is

the glove box.

the clutch cable

ing of the differential housing that,

it

use an aluminum

to

was

standard on the E models and optional on T and S versions,

failing

type linkage. Depressing the pedal pulls the linkage. Over

time, the plastic thrust piece at the rear of the cable breaks leaving you without a clutch.

it

factured with the system (and a build card might indicate an

The transmissions and magnesium

clutch for the

semiautomatic Sportomatic.

its

improved designation, as Typ 905/20. though

would be the

It

struts,

was

requiring removal of the engine

matic self-leveling suspension. Porsche

were

"2.2"

will fail,

not available for the 91 IS.

155 DIN, 175 SAE at

point even these

in third

continued from 125 DIN, 142 SAE at 5,800 rpm for the 9 111 to

SAE

manufacture, most throw-out fork pivot

Porsche continued to offer

now

and S models

continued with the Bosch mechanical injection. The output range

60

At

magnesium cast

new, more powerful

introduced the previous model year. The T

the United States continued with the Zenith 40T1N carburetors,

and

after

bearings are on their third generation of changes and replacements.

to replace them.

marks, leapt up.

2.2-liter

By now. 30 years

with

prices,

exist,

and

a

number

for

1971 S-T models

and are extremely expensive.

of legitimate

M-490

option

cars with additional lightweight parts can be found interest.

Otherwise, as mentioned about the

1971 models are

better, faster,

that

ran the African Safari are

more

reliable,

1970

if

91 IS

that's your

cars, these

more comfortable,

and more secure cars than those that came before.

1971 Specifications "D" Series Body Designation:

911T, 911E,

Price:

911T: $5,795 POE

911S

New

Jersey

911E: $6,995

911S: $8,775 add $620 forTarga Engine Displacement and Type:

911T

U.S.: Typ

(133.9

Maximum Horsepower @

rpm:

Maximum Torque @ rpm:

Weight:

cid),

911/07; 2,195 cc

SOHC, Zenith 40 TIN carburetor w/EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation)

911E

U.S.: Typ

911/01

with Bosch mechanical fuel injection,

EGR

911S

U.S.: Typ

911/02

with Bosch mechanical fuel injection,

EGR

1 9 7 1

@ 5,800 rpm 911E: 175 SAE @ 6,500 rpm 9 US: 200 SAE @ 6,800 rpm 91 IT: 148 ft- lb @ 4,200 rpm 911E: 160 @ 4,500 rpm 911S: 164 @ 5,500 rpm 91 IT: 142 SAE

911T: 2,318 pounds coupe

911E: 2,307 pounds coupe 911S: 2,390 pounds coupe

0-60 mph:

91 IT: 7.9 seconds (Road

&

911E: 7.6 seconds (Road

Test)

Track)

& Track) add 1.2 seconds Sportomatic {Modem Motor) mph (Australian Motor Sports) 911E: 137 mph {Road Test) 911S: 144 mph {Road Test) subtract 11 mph Sportomatic {Modern Motor) 911S: 7.3 seconds [Road

Maximum Speed:

911T: 128

Brakes:

vented disc brakes

Steering:

ZF rack-and-pinion

Suspension:

Front:

911T, S: MacPherson struts, telescoping shock absorbers, lower wishbones, longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

911E: hydro-pneumatic leveling struts,

Rear:

telescoping shock absorbers, semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion bars; S adds antisway bar

911T: 185HR14

Tires: Front:

911E, Rear:

Front:

185/70VR15

28

S:

psi;

185/70VR15

Rear:

34

psi

911T: 911/00 4-speed U.S.

Transmission(s):

Wheels:

S:

911T: 185HR14

911E, Tire air pressure:

self-

wishbones

Front:

905/20 Sportomatic

91 IT,

E:

911T,

E, S:

911/01 5 speed

91 IT: 5.5Jxl4 Fuchs optional: 5.5J15

911E, Rear:

U.S.

U.S.

S:

6.0M5

Mahle cast aluminum Fuchs

911T: 5.5Jxl4 Fuchs optional:

911E,

S:

5./5M5 Mahle 7.0M5 Fuchs

cast aluminum

61

What they Road &

"There

model it

in

is

the

1971

no such thing as a nonsporting Porsche. But now that the 911 conies with a choice of three engines and three trans-

some 911s

missions,

said at the time-Porsche for

1971

Track. April

are

We

line....

more sporting than others and the factory would admit that

a

91 IT with Sportomatic

is

the least sporting

are inclined to consider the Sportomatic an excellent answer to a question that hasn't been asked. In

its favor,

detracts only slightly from the pleasures of driving.

"The benefits are no more overwhelming. Your crawling through town shift itself, ever.

in

left

foot can stay planted on the floor, true. But there are few traffic situations, say.

the rush hour, where the exertion of the clutch pedal

becomes annoying

or tiring.

And the transmission doesn't

not an automatic and thus doesn't lend itself to effortless driving."

It is

Parts Listfor 1971 911s

I

Parts List for

1971 911s

$250-300

15.

Windshield

16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

These are items most commonly replaced during regular

maintenance and routine

daily operation. Prices

new

price, not including installation labor.

factory parts at

list

NLA means factory parts no longer

quoted are

aftermarket

for

Interior:

available so prices quoted are

from aftermarket suppliers.

17.

Dashboard

18.

Shift

$808.42

NLA

knob (5-speed)

$50.00 reproduction

Engine:

19.

interior

S400-S800

NLA

carpet complete

1.

Oil filter

$26.50

2.

Alternator belt

$6.61

Chassis:

3.

Starter

$182.25

20.

Front rotor

$73.31

4.

Alternator

(NLA)

21.

Brake pads, front set

$26.70

5.

Muffler

$1,271.00

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$135.00

6.

Clutch disc

$324.93

23.

Front wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

aftermarket

$150.00

rebuilt

S250-S400

Body

used

bumper

$ 1.027.34

Front

Left front fender

$1,141.65

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$1,048.40

Minor Service 3.000 miles, includes

10.

Front deck

$1,541.85

lubrication

11.

Front deck

12.

Rear deck

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

14.

Taillight

lid

lid lid

24.

Rear wheel (Fuchs)

used Chrome

housing and lens

and

filters

change.

S150-S175

$14.24 each lid

oil

and safety inspection:

$9.40 each

struts

struts

$250-$ 400

NLA

7.

8.

Major Service 6.000 miles

$500-5600

S38.64

$467.10

Ratings 1971 models. manual

tra nsmission

911T coupe

911E coupe

9

91 IT Targa

911E

Acceleration

3

3.5

3.5

3

3.5

3.5

Comfort

3.5

3.5

4.5

3.5

3.5

4.5

Handling

4

3g

4

3.5

2-5g

3.5

Parts

3

3g

4

2b

2bg

2b

Reliability

3f

3fg

3f

3f

3fg

3f

b f

g

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche.

Magnesium cases, see

-

-

text.

Hydro-pneumatic suspension, see

imaBc suspension, see

62

text

1

IS coupe

Targa

911S

Targa

Ratings

continued

1971 models, Sportomatic transmission 911T coupe

911E coupe

911T Targa

911E

Acceleration

2.5

3

2.5

3

Comfort

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

Handling

4

3g

3.5

Parts

Id

ldg

Obd

3g Obdg

Reliability

2ef

2efg

2ef

2efg

b

•

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche.

d

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard

e

-

Sportomatic repair

f

g

-

-

Targa

difficult,

Magnesium cases, see

expensive,

may

to find, costly to buy. fail quickly.

See

text,

text,

Hydropneumatic suspension, see

text.

63

Hydro-pneumatic suspension on ah 1970; few

E,

Weather seal around optional sunroof

will leak.

n

Targa roofs, as from 1967.

Check drains

Electric

beginning 1970.

window

lifts

optional.

Check motors and weather

seals,

as from 1970.

Front fresh air blowers

fail,

from 1969.

Windshield and rear windows leak in

corners

old

when rubber seals

and

brittle

Rust,

still,

get

as from 1965.

non-California cars

Brake master cylinders leak, as

from 1965.

Check clutch

for wear,

especially on S.

Guide hole from 1970.

for clutch cable,

as

-

Check

pull-type clutches on 2.2-liter

911s, as from 1970.

65

The "E" Another

New

Engine, with Emissions Controls

To sell cars

the United States

in

.

still

home

emissions

further. To

sion ratio

in

do

this,

they had to decrease the compres-

order to run on lower octane "regular" gasoline. This

decreased performance and power output as

some

order to regain

of

what they had

displacement by increasing stroke while retaining the

84

well.

However,

in

sacrificed, they enlarged

70.4 millimeters from 66.

to

millimeters bore.

In

The 1972 model year saw one oddity

to half the world's

Porsche purchasers. Porsche had to clean up engine exhaust

meet emissions

order to

Ferdinand Piech-led to more than a few disasters

in

placing

the "B"

many

pillar at

unwitting gas station attendants

knowing

and TE models with

U.S. "einspritzung."

model was more powerful.)

Oddly, the U.S.-only

The additional horsepower called

for a

ignated Typ 9 15. The transmission housing and cast magnesium, while the

minum. Despite using these

915

transaxle, albeit

much

new

its

its

first

five-speed units, which placed

argued

used

die-cast alu-

for years that this

only

when

was a

starting

its

gearshift pat-

the

below reverse. Porsche

racing decision as

first

race.

had

In

fact,

it

design/engineering consideration that required placing reverse gears

916

new Typ

gear above second, unlike earlier

first far left

in

the cover at the end of the Typ

gearboxes. So

that space, though

fifth

915

with

fifth

gear was

been first

901/911 and

many customers complained

engineers reconfigured the

all

later

that Porsche

and reverse tucked

models.

In

performance standards up, engineers lowered

in

addition, to keep

-engthened the Sportomatic, now as Typ 925, and a for the

911S once

or spoiler, standard on

aga

making

stantially,

drivers

speeds, especially

reservoir with

deck

lid.

in

previous years

of a lower front

911S models and

optional on

In

in

much more secure

feel

at

lift

highway

slippery conditions.

an attempt to better distinguish the

exterior trim levels.

more

like

now as

the

T.

pricey, powerful

took the E models down from S

though the company

S from

level to

and

appear

offered these upgrades

was no 1972

price

E.

place of the previous hydro-pneumatic suspension on the

9 HE models. Porsche returned bars as

still

extra-cost options. As a result, there

increase on the In

It

all

sub-

lesser siblings, especially the E, Porsche revised interior

it

standard.

to

MacPherson

struts

and

torsion

had before model year 1969 and asT and S cars came In

addition, to improve handling

and

ride,

engineers revised

the mounting points for rear shocks. Prior to model year 1972. these

had tipped car body.

overall gear ratios

so the more powerful Porsches even seemed quicker. The engi-

was offered

front

oil

was the gas tank and not

change was the introduction

striking profile

dam

a

and

gear was an extra-cost option and a four-

speed gearbox was standard on

was under the

the

filled

oil filler

others. This wind tunnel-devised fixture reduced front-end

its

H with

tern to a traditional

just behind

as Porsche moved from 4.5-inch wheels to 5.5-inch width, the

predecessor, weighed

With this new transmission. Porsche revised

it

rear cover were

lightweight raw materials, the

stronger than

for

air

20 pounds more.

nearly

service sta-

transaxle, des-

was

differential

its filler

in

of the wheel for

filler

While wheel fenders had grown slight flares

most

new

improved

the rear of the passenger door. Unfortunately,

from the T and

with Zenith carburetors,

ahead

it

model year 1972, and he added an outside

gasoline, believing the external

the Bosch mechanical injection. (This led to

it

reservoir traditionally sat behind the right rear

oil

wheel. Piech succeeded

a kind-of-perplexing designation of 911TV, for rest-of-world cars

66

The heavy

tions.

requirements on U.S. models, they dropped the Zenith carburetors fitted

that, while

weight balance-an argument always championed by engineer

slightly to

Now

the rear of the rear hubs as they reached the

they rose straight up and inclined slightly inward.

Porsche now charged $7,367 for the 91 the

E.

Targa

and $9,495

for the

S

at

its

IT, still

port-of-entry

in

New

$7,995 Jersey.

for

The

increased to $735, the Sportomatic to $325, and the

optional five-speed

added $150

to the sticker price.

1972 Specifications "E" Series Body Designation:

911T, 911E,

Price:

911T: $7,250

1

911S

911E: $7,995

911S: $9,495 add $735 forTarga Engine Displacement and Type:

911T

U.S.: Typ

(143.8

Maximum Horsepower @

rpm:

cid),

911E

U.S.: Typ

911S

U.S.: Typ

911S: 210 rpm:

91 IT: 166 911E: 174

911S: 181 Weight:

fuel injection

911/52 w/Bosch mechanical 911/53 w/Bosch mechanical

w/EGR

(Exhaust Gas Recirculation)

fuel injection,

EGR

fuel injection,

EGR

2

@ 5,600 rpm SAE @ 6,200 rpm SAE @ 6,500 rpm ft- lb @ 4,000 rpm @ 4,500 rpm @ 52,00 rpm

911T: 157 SAE

911E: 185

Maximum Torque @

911/51; 2,341 cc

SOHC, Bosch mechanical

91 9

IT:

2,425 pounds coupe (factory)

HE: 2,475 pounds

Targa (factory)

911S: 2,455 pounds coupe (factory)

0-60 mph:

91 IT: 6.9 seconds (Car and 911E: 6.6 seconds (Road

&

Driver)

Track)

911S: 6.0 seconds (Car and Driver) add 2.2 seconds Sportomatic (Modern Motor)

Maximum Speed:

91 IT: 129 mph (Road

Test)

911E: 139 mph (Autocar) 911E: 145 mph (Motor) subtract 9

ZF rack-and-pinion

Steering:

Suspension:

mph Sportomatic (Modern Motor)

Vented disk brakes

Brakes:

Front:

MacPherson

struts with telescoping shock absorbers, lower wishbones,

longitudinal torsion bars, anti sway bar

911T,

E, S:

optional hydro-pneumatic self-leveling struts on Boge shocks on

E,

Koni shocks on S.

Rear:

telescoping shock absorbers, semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion bars; antisway bar,

Tires:

Front:

Boge shocks on

E, T,

Koni on S

91 IT: 185HR14 911E, S: 185/70VR15

Rear:

91 IT: 185HR14 911E,

Tire air pressure:

Front:

Transmission(s):

28

S:

psi;

185/70VR15 34 psi 915/12 4-speed world

Rear:

91 IT,

E:

911T,

E, S:

91 IT,

E:

915/02 5-speed world 925/00 Sportomatic U.S.

9115: 925/01 Sportomatic Wheels:

Front:

911T: 5.5Jxl4 Fuchs optional: 5.5Jxl5

911E, Rear:

S:

6.0M5

Mahle cast aluminum Fuchs

911T: 5.5Jxl4 Fuchs optional: 5.5Jxl5

911E,

S:

Mahle cast aluminum

7.0Jxl5 Fuchs

67

What they said Road &

Track, February

"This

the

is

first

but otherwise there's

911 as a master

at the time-Porsche for

1972

1972

Targa we've put through a

little

to distinguish

it...

full test. It's

a

Any Porsche 911

violinist plays a Stradivarius. In return for its

little bit is

very

heavier than the closed coupe and

much

has more wind noise at speed

it

a driver's car and an experienced and

skillful driver

great potentials of handling, braking, and performance, one

sporting sacrifices of comfort and quiet but no true sports car has ever avoided these and the

911E

is

can play a

makes

certain

as good a compromise as any."

Parts List for 1975 911s 1972 911s

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

These are items most commonly replaced during regular main-

14.

Taillight

quoted are for new fac-

15.

Windshield

Parts List for

tenance and routine tory parts at

list

daily operation. Prices

price, not including installation labor.

Engine: Oil filter

$8.45 $6.61

3.

Starter

$389.63

4.

Alternator

(NLA)

5.

Muffler

6.

Clutch disc

Chassis:

$26.70

$216.99

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$140.00

23.

Front wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

$150.00

rebuilt

$1,141.65

outside

lid

$250- $400

$1,027.34

$1,019.95

Front deck

S400-S800

NLA

carpet complete

$73.31

Right rear quarter panel

11.

Interior

$68.57

Brake pads, front set

Left front fender

lid

19.

$808.42

knob (5-speed)

Front rotor

8.

w

Shift

21.

9.

Front deck

Dashboard

18.

$1,271.00

Front

(Targa

17.

20.

7.

10.

$250-300

aftermarket

Body bumper

NLA

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

16.

Interior:

Alternator belt

$467.10

aftermarket

market suppliers.

1.

$38.64

NLA means

factory parts no longer available so prices quoted are from after-

2.

lid

housing and lens

oil fill

used 24.

NLA

Rear wheel (Fuchs)

$2,356.55

Minor Service 3,000 miles, includes

$1,541.85

lubrication

oil

and

filters

change,

and safety inspection:

$9.40 each

struts

$250-$400 used Chrome

S150-S175 S500-S600

Ratings 1972 models, manual transmission

HE Targa

91 IT coupe

911E coupe

911S coupe

91 IT Targa

9

Acceleration

3.5

4

4.5

3.5

4

4.5

Comfort

3.5

3.5

4.5

3.5

3.5

4.5

Handling

4

4

5

3.5

3.5

4.5

Parts

3

3

4

2b

2b

2b

Reliability

3f

3f

3f

3f

3f

3f

b f

-

-

911S

Targa

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

Magnesium cases, see

text.

1972 models, Sportomatic transmission Acceleration

911T coupe

911E coupe

911S coupe

91 IT Targa

911E

25

3

3.5

2.5

3

3.5

Comfort Handling

9

US Targa

35

4.5

3.5

3.5

4.5

4

4

5

3

3

4

Id

Id

if

lbd

lbd

lbd

2ef

2ef

2ef

2ef

2ef

arts,

68

Targa

f

-

gaskets extremely hard to

Magnesium cases, see

find, costly to buy.

text.

69

Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911

tank

Oil

filler

relocated to

outside of car body, ahead of right rear

wheel. Causes

confusion for well-meaning service station attendants

and

absent-minded owners who oil

filled

tanks with gasoline.

Windshield and rear

windows leak

in

corners

when rubber seals and

Rust

brittle,

still

get old

from 1965.

on non-California cars

except around battery box.

915

transmission's second gear

synchros,

"iming chain guides/tensioners/tensioner

support shaft/idler sprockets from 1968.

all fail,

as

magnesium

case. Rear

925/00 and 01 Sportomatic

pinion bearing can break out of

transmission, parts rare and

the cars.

expensive. Sportos very rare

synchros experienced wear

after still

1971. Yet another version,

plagued with troubles.

First

and second gear

problems. 10. Brake master cylinders leak, as from

1965.

7

— Chapter 12 The "F" Series Continued

Fuhrmann Answers Porsche's Challenge May 1972

In

of

Ferry Porsche

named

Fuhrmann chairman

Ernst

management committee, answering

the

only

Fuhrmann had designed the Typ 587 Carrera engine regular production It

lems

models but had

was not an easy job

to solve

that

left

Porsche

in

to

Porsche.

for racing

and

and a small

with. However, his questions

The

2.7

ried over the

sions. Porsche

91 IS models

well. In fact,

their

they were lapped.

in

dust?" Fuhrmann asked his col-

league. Berger explained the homologation rules and what Porsche

needed

to win.

Fuhrmann

fell

silent for

some time

"Think

it

over and

let

hired to be frugal.

going to do about

When he

it"

first visited

Weissach, he saw design chief Tony Lapine's drawing boards

filled

with treatments for front-engined, water-cooled cars, a four-cylin-

der

924 and

a luxurious V-8 engined 928. These too had already

500

sell

and keep

it

life

desirable into

in

a fickle marketplace, he'd

Butzi's sleek

coupe. The solution

engi-

Nikasil process (a nickel

fuel injection

it

a "production" ver-

worried

not wanting to compromise

M-472

how

it

could

for

interior trim

$780. Porsche had no plans

to offer the

its

engine was not emissions-legal but withit

sell?

The lesson of the failed 1967

and the sales department rose

the end of the week-long Paris salon, for racing qualification

second run of 500

800

in

(at

Porsche

US

out that huge market, would stung,

comfort.

touring package that restored 9

the United States:

911R

from E and S ver-

copies.

248 pounds),

in

another

have to breathe new

company

the Group 5 GT championship with the car

car

have to have many more good years ahead. To make tive in racing

won

(and

ed

competi-

RS used Mahle's

Bosch mechanical

For those

consumed money and more was committed. For him. saving money was the objective and to that end. it meant the 911 would it

liter

September 1972. When Porsche debuted

offered an

me know what you're

Fuhrmann had been

highly tuned 2.7-liter engine.

produce 500 identical cars to

sion at the Paris salon on October 5.

after taking in

Berger's explanation. Then he replied.

to

silicon carbide coating) for protecting cylinder bores but car-

to Porsche as technical chairman. Porsche

do

and a new.

needed

Carrera RS, for Rennsport or race sport.

Fuhrmann had returned didn't

front

neers produced a special lightweight edition for homologation, the

went with Ernst Fuhrmann to a GT race one weekend shortly after

"Why are we eating

it

qualify for a "production car" category of racing., so

racing world within a year of his appointment.

The story goes that young racing engineer Wolfgang Berger

91 IS

rear Burzel, or "ducktail" spoiler, a Teldix

antilock braking system,

Porsche knew

and solutions created a legend that redefined the automotive and

72

quickly, a competitive racer with wider rims, the

spoiler

1956.

Fuhrmann undertook. He had prob-

and no money to work

came

had been

all

sold.

to the challenge. By

500 It

that Porsche need-

immediately offered a

an additional $312). and eventually added

both lightweight and touring trim. These nearly 1.800

cars legalized the

91 IRS

for competition not only in

Group 4 but

the even less challenging Group 3 where the car would

rule.

in

1973 Specifications Body Designation:

911T, 911E, 911S,

Price:

91 IT: $7,960

911RS

"F" Series

Carrera

911E: $8,960

Engine Displacement and Type:

911S: $10,160 add $800

for

RS Carrera (M471)

Sport:

$10,200

RS Carrera (M472)

Touring:

911T

U.S.: Typ

(142.8

U.S.: Typ

911S

U.S.: Typ

rpm:

Carrera:

$11,000

911/51; 2,341 cc

S0HC, Bosch mechanical

911E RS

Maximum Horsepower @

cid),

Targa

fuel injection

911/52 w/Boschmechanical 911/53 w/Boschmechanical

911/72, 2,672 cc (162.9

cid),

w/EGR

fuel injection.

fuel injection,

(Exhaust Gas Recirculation)

EGR EGR

Bosch mechanical

fuel injection

@ 5 600 rpm SAE net @ 6,200 rpm SAE net @ 6,500 rpm

91 IT: 135 SAE net 911E: 159

911S: 181

911RS: 200 SAE@ 6,300 rpm

Maximum Torque @

rpm:

@ 4,200 rpm @ 4,500 rpm 911S: 181 @ 5,500 rpm 911RS: 188 @ 5,100 rpm 911T: 166

ft-lb

911E: 174

Weight:

91 IT: 2,364 pounds coupe (factory) 911E: 2,425 pounds Targa (factory)

91 IS: 2,455 pounds coupe (factory)

911RS: 1,985 pounds Sport 911RS: 2,425 pounds Touring

0-60 mph:

911T: 6.9 seconds (Car and Driver)

911E: 6.4 seconds (Road

&

Track)

911S: 6.0 seconds (Car and Driver) add 2.2 seconds Sportomatic (Modern Motor)

911RS: 6.1 seconds

Maximum Speed:

91 IT: 127 mph

(/Motor)

911E: 138 mph 9 US: 142

mph (Road &

Track) subtract 11

mph Sportomatic (Modern Motor)

911RS: 144 mph Brakes:

vented disk brakes

Steering:

ZF rack-and-pinion

Suspension:

Front:

MacPherson

struts with telescoping

shock absorbers, lower wishbones,

longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

91

IT. E, S:

optional hydro-pneumatic self-leveling struts. Boge shocks on E,

T.,

Koni on S

RS: Bilstein gas-pressurized struts instead of Koni.

Rear:

telescoping shock absorbers, semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion bars; antisway bar,

Boge shocks on

E, T,

Koni on S

RS: Bilstein gas-pressurized struts instead of Koni Tires:

Front:

911T:

911E, RS:

Rear:

185/70VR15

911T:

911E, RS: Front:

Transmission(s):

28

165/70HR15 185/70VR15

S,

165/70HR15 185/70VR15

S,

215/60VR15 psi;

Rear:

34

psi

911T: 915/12 4-speed world

925/20 911T,

E,

Sportomatic U.S.

915/02 5-speed 925/01 911S Sportomatic

925/08 911RS 5-speed

73

1973 Specifications "F" Series Wheels:

911T: 5.5Jxl5 Fuchs steel

Front:

911E: 6.0Jxl5 Fuchs steel 911S. RS: 6.01x15 Fuchs alloy 911T: 5.5Jxl5 Fuchs steel

Rear:

911E: 6.0Jxl5 Fuchs steel 911S. RS: 7.0Jxl5 Fuchs alloy

What they Road &

I

Track.

said at the time-Porsche for

1973

August 1973

By Joe Rusz

The year 1973 saw the of

introduction of a

500 Carrera RS coupes (the road

can't legally get a Carrera

300 pounds, powered

by a

RS

new racing 911— the

for road

use

in

200-horsepower

the United States, alas, but

.

.The

list

goes on to

tell

it's

2.7-liter version of the trusty six

The Carrera has an even more interesting option

dard model.

Carrera. For homologation purposes Porsche built an initial batch

version) and they were snatched up so fast that a second production run

list,

is

well underway. You

mouth-watering to consider: lighter than the 911S by over .

.

.

and bedecked with a big

and part of what's so interesting about

it is

tail spoiler.

what doesn't come on the stan-

us that the RS has less sound insulation than a regular 911 and no bumper moldings, bumper

guards, doorsill trim, undercoating. hood springs, glove box or

lid.

right-hand sun visor,

jump

seats, clock, dashboard trim, or coat hooks!"

Parts List for 1973 911s These are items most commonly replaced during regular

maintenance and routine

daily operation. Prices

new

price, not including installation labor.

factory parts at

NLA means

list

quoted

are for

factory parts are no longer available so prices quot-

ed are from aftermarket suppliers.

housing and lens

14.

Taillight

15.

Windshield

$467.10

S250-S300

NLA

aftermarket 16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

Interior:

Engine:

17.

Dashboard

1.

Oil filter

S8.45

18.

Shift

2.

Alternator belt

S6.61

19.

Interior

3.

Starter

$389.63

4.

Alternator

(NLA)

knob (5-speed) carpet complete

$808.42 $68.57

S400-S800

NLA

aftermarket

$150.00

Chassis:

20.

Front rotor

$73.31

5.

Muffler

$1,271.00

21.

Brake pads, front set

$26.70

6.

Clutch disc

$216.99

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$140.00

23.

Front wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

rebuilt

Body: Front 8.

bumper

Left front (ende;

$250-$400

$1,027.34

$1141.65

used 24.

Rear wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

S250-S400 used Chrome

Minor service 3.000 miles includes lubrication

and safety inspection:

Major Service 6.000 miles

74

oil

and

filters

$150-$175 S500-S600

change.

Ratings

1

1973 models, manual transmission

911T coupe

911E coupe

9 IIS coupe

911RS-L coupe

911RS-T coupe

Acceleration

3

3.5

4

4.5

4

Comfort

3.5

3.5

4.5

2

4.5

Handling

3.5

3.5

4

5

4

Parts

3

3

4

5

3

Reliability

3f

3f

3f

2f

2f

f

-

Magnesium engine cases; see

text.

1973 models, manual transmission, continued

US Targa

911TTarga

911E

Acceleration

3

3.5

4

Comfort

3.5

3.5

4.5

Handling

3

3

3.5

Parts

2b

2b

3b

Reliability

3f

3f

3f

b f

-

-

Targa

9

Targa roofs no longer available,

Magnesium cases, see

text.

1973 models, Sportomatic transmission

US Targa

911T coupe

911E coupe

911S coupe

911T Targa

91 IE Targa

9

Acceleration

2

2.5

3

2

2.5

3

Comfort

3.5

3.5

4.5

3.5

3.5

4.5

Handling

3.5

3.5

4

3

3

3.5

Parts

Id

Id

Id

Obd

Obd

Obd

Reliability

2ef

2ef

2ef

2ef

2ef

2ef

b

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

d

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard to

e

-

Sportomatic repair

f

-

difficult,

Magnesium cases, see

expensive,

may

find, costly to buy.

fail quickly.

See

text

text.

75

arage Watc Problems with (and improvements

Carrera 2.7

RS models introduced

half-year continued as

for

Europe

only.

to.

Otherwise,

1972. Midyear changes substantial.

first

models.

Electric

window

lifts

optional.

Check motors and weather

seals,

as from 1970.

Front fresh air blowers

fail,

as

from 1969.

3

tunnel at

the center of the car then out of

the tunnel to the engine cause fuel leaks. There

is

a

fire risk.

These

leaks can be seen only from

underneath the fuel or like

gas,

Rust

car.

If

you smell

see a puddle that smells

do not

still,

start the car.

on Midwest, East Coast, Brake master cylinders leak, as

from 1965.

#

p—

—

_

—

L

6fe^

P^~

F^f

"^

[^""SaS^

Chapter 13 The "F" Series The Good Just Get Better

emissions and a growing

U.S.

inspired relocation of the right rear filled

of safety standards again

list

Porsche design and engineering. While the Piech-

influenced

ahead

reservoir to a position

oil

of the

wheel had led to accidents involving gas stations who

the tank with gasoline,

it

had been the

the roads that forced engineers to

corner where

it

had been.

risk of

accidents on

move the tank back

U.S. safety regulations

In

addition,

Washington,

D.C.,

in

a broadside crash

legacy

a

seemed

auto

changed the standard

1972 and 1973. the auto ucts that

of

to dictate

risk.

lobbying

in

of quoting horsepower. By

industry recognized that offering prod-

less powerful, even

them avoid more government

only on paper, might

if

SAE net

in

let

Automakers worldwide

regulation.

began quoting horsepower output

meaning horsepower

was too great a

insurance

a continuously regulated fashion by using a mainly mechanical

metering system supplemented with electrical sensors and overrides. This configuration is referred to

ratings for U.S. mar-

Porsche introduced this on

its

German.)

in

T models.

This system also introduced the air box into

Continuous

for

play only on cold start.

and

its

use

came

The Bosch system automatically

pumped

a temperature-and-humidity correct mix into the sys-

tem and

this

would pass through the box without drama unless

pumped some

the driver mistakenly

pedal. This oversaturated the mix. The

first

in

with the gas

engine spark ignited

in

the cylinders but back to the box. Because

to

be a closed system, vacuum pressure was

the mix not only this

was meant

lost

and the car would not

to fuel the

gasoline

start or run. Yet drivers felt the

need

engine to aid warm-up. especially on cold mornings.

was the purpose

hand

throttle,

which added fuel

rather than the higher gross figures taken at the flywheel. For

after the box. With this CIS system,

between

its

Porsche this resulted

1973 1/2 and the Bosch

kets,

in

at the rear tires through the drive train,

down-rating

engineering changes between

from

210 SAE

157 SAE gross 159

net.

gross to to

all

net,

net. Likewise, the

and the E

The new RS 2.7 model provided

list

slid

its

T dropped from

from 185 gross to

fortunate buyers with

This

warm-up with the

front spoiler to the standard

on the E model. And another set of U.S. regulations

forced large hard rubber guards onto the

bumpers

to

meet crash

recovery standards. Inside the doors. Porsche had to

fit

side-

passenger compartment

in collisions.

an electronic

fuel injection

system

fitted to

theT. Following

sion to go with mechanical injection for the

models because

its

deci-

model year 1969 911E

of the difficulty of modifying Bosch's electronic ver-

tosch and Porsche engineers continued working with the ^ on,

named

H

it

is

-ted fuel

in

imperative to never use the gas pedal throttle nestled

make

this

between

CIS system work during normal driving conditions,

even tamer than previous delivery

new camshafts

Ts. Yet with

that

made

the engine

the K-Jetronic managing fuel

and spark timing, Hensler held power output at the same

gross level as the year before, while increasing torque 3

The company had increased prices

slightly for

1973, raising the east coast port-of-entry charge

Meanwhile, catering to American markets, Porsche introduced

introduction

vacuum operated

model year 1976. when Porsche did away

Paul Hensler had to design

impact protection beams to reinforce their resistance to incursion into the

in

throttle,

introduction of a

the two seats. To

911S

regulator

hand

of the

on start-up and to only use the hand

net.

Porsche added the 1972

equipment

engines. Thus, with no

its

1972 and 1973, the 91 IS went

181 SAE

135 SAE

200 horsepower SAE

78

as a CIS type,

System. (The "k" stands for kontinuiehich.

Injection

to the rear

began

side impact resistant engineering, and Porsche recognized the

exposure of the tank

in

ft-lb.

model year

for a

91 IT

to

$7.960. The E had reached $8,960 and the S cracked a big barrier,

settling

at

$10,060. The Targa cost an additional $800.

Porsche's most desirable at the factory door.

many their

It

RS 2.7

lightweight

was not exported

commanded $14,000

to the U.S. originally, but

Lightweight and Touring models have subsequently found

way over

here.

1973 1/2 Specifications "F" Series Body Designation:

911T, 911E, 911S,

Price:

911T: $7,960

911RS

Carrera

911E: $8,960

911S: $10,160 add $800 forTarga

Engine Displacement and Type:

RS Carrera (M471) Sport: $10,300 (at the factory) RS Carrera (M472) Touring: $11,080 (at the factory) 911T U.S.: Typ 911/91; 2,341 cc (142.6

Maximum

Torque

@ rpm

911S

U.S.: Typ

Weight:

Carrera:

K-Jetronic fuel injection

911/52 w/Boschmechanical 911/53 w/Boschmechanical

911/72, 2,672 cc (173.7

cid),

fuel injection,

EGR

fuel injection,

EGR

Bosch mechanical

fuel injection

@ 5,600 rpm 9 HE: 157 SAE net @ 6,200 rpm 911S: 181 SAE net @ 6,500 rpm 911RS: 200 SAE net @ 6,300 rpm 911T: 140 ft-lb @ 4,200 rpm) 911E: 147 ft-lb @ 4,500 rpm 911S: 154 ft-lb @ 5,500 rpm 911RS: 188 ft-lb @ 5,100 rpm 911T: 134 SAE net

rpm:

(SAE

S0HC, Bosch

U.S.: Typ

RS

Maximum Horsepower @

cid),

911E

net:

911T: 2,364 pounds coupe

911E: 2,425 pounds coupe

911S: 2,570 pounds coupe

911RS: 2,150 pounds Sport 911RS: 2,398 pounds Touring

0-62 mph:

911T: 7.6 seconds {Motor)

911E: 6.6 seconds

911S: 7.8 seconds {Road

911RS: 5.5 seconds

Maximum Speed:

&

Track) add 1.2 seconds Sportomatic

(lightweight, factory)

91 IT: 127 mph {Motor) 911E: 138 mph

911S: 142 mph {Road

&

Track) subtract 11

mph Sportomatic

911RS: 149 mph (lightweight, factory) Brakes:

vented disk brakes

Steering:

ZF rack-and-pinion

RS: Teldix antilock brake system (ABS)

Suspension:

Front:

MacPherson

struts with telescoping shock absorbers, lower wishbones,

longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

91 IT.

E, S:

optional

hydro-pneumatic self-leveling struts, Boge shocks on

E, T,

Koni on S

RS: Bilstein gas-pressurized struts instead of Koni Rear:

telescoping shock absorbers, semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion bars, antisway bar,

Boge shocks on

E, T,

Koni on S

RS: Bilstein gas-pressurized struts instead of Koni Tires:

Front:

911T:

185HR14

911E,

S:

RS: Rear:

911T:

911E, RS: Tire air pressure:

Front:

28

185/70VR15

185/VR7015

185HR14 185/70VR15

S:

215/60VR15 psi:

Rear:

34

psi.

79

1973 1/2 Specifications "F" Series 911T: 915/12 4-speed world

Transmission(s)

925/20 911T, E, Sportomatic 915/02 5-speed 925/01 911S Sportomatic 925/08 911RS 5-speed Wheels:

U.S.

911T: 5.5Jxl5 Fuchs steel

Front:

911E: 6.0Jxl5 Fuchs steel

911S: RS: 6.0Jxl5 Fuchs

91 IT: 5.5Jxl5 Fuchs

Rear:

alloy

steel

9 HE: 6.0Jxl5 Fuchs steel 91 IS: RS: 7.0Jxl5 Fuchs alloy

What they

said at the time-

Porsche for 1973 1/2 Road &

Track,

August 1973

By Alan Johnson "The 9

US

is

a hairy, full-bore performance machine, yielding

and demanding certain

capabilities

margins. Those margins are academic

sacrifices, in

most

its

margins of performance only

in

the upper reaches of

such as low-speed power, fuel economy, and extra money,

in

its

own

return for these

of America.''

Parts List for 1973 1/2 These are items most commonly replaced during regular

maintenance and routine

daily operation. Prices

new

price, not including installation labor.

factory parts at

NLA means

list

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

14.

Taillight

15.

Windshield

lid

$38.64

quoted are for housing and lens

$467.10

factory parts are no longer available so prices quot-

ed are from aftermarket suppliers.

NLA

S250-S300

Engine:

aftermarket

1.

Oil filter

$8.45

16.

2.

Alternator belt

$6.61

Interior:

3.

Starter

$389.63

4.

Alternator

(NLA)

5.

Muffler

$1,271.00

6.

Clutch disc

$216.99

17.

Dashboard

$150.00

18.

Shift

rebuilt

19.

Interior carpet,

Body:

bumper

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

$808.42

knob (5-speed complete

($68.57

S400-S800

NLA

aftermarket Chassis:

20.

Front rotor

$73.31

$1,027.34

21.

Brake pads, front set

$26.70

7.

Front

8.

Left front fender

$1,141.65

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$140.00

9.

S'gnt rear quarter pane!

$1,019.95

23.

Front wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

(Targa

w/ outside

oil fti!

S2.356.55)

S250-S400 used

24.

Rear wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

S250-S400 used Chrome

Minor Service 3,000 miles includes

80

lubrication

and safety inspection:

oil

and

filters

change,

Ratings 1973 1/2 models, manual transmission

911T coupe

911E coupe

911S coupe

911RS-L coupe

911RS-T coupe

Acceleration

3

3.5

4

4.5

4

Comfort

3.5

3.5

4.5

2

4.5

Handling

3.5

3.5

4

5

4

Parts

3

3

4

5

3

Reliability

3.5f

3f

3f

2f

2f

f

Magnesium engine cases; see

-

text.

1973 1/2 models manual transmission, continued

US Targa

91 IT Targa

911E Targa

9

3

3.5

4

Comfort

3.5

3.5

4.5

Handling

3

3

3.5

Parts

2b

2b

3b

Reliability

3.5f

3f

3f

Acceleration

b f

-

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche.

Magnesium cases, see

text.

1973 1/2 models, Sportomatic transmission 911T coupe

911E coupe

911S coupe

91 IT Targa

911E

Acceleration

2

2.5

3

2

2.5

3

Comfort

3.5

3.5

4.5

3.5

3.5

4.5

Handling

3.5

3.5

4

3

3

3.5

Parts

Id

Id

Id

Obd

Obd

Obd

Reliability

2ef

2ef

2ef

2ef

2ef

2ef

b

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

d

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard to

e

-

Sportomatic repair

f

difficult,

Magnesium cases, see

expensive,

may

Targa

911S

Targa

find, costly to buy.

fail quickly.

See

text,

text.

81

ff'M.

arage Watch

Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911 models.

Rust

still,

as from

1965

All U.S.

cars get Bosch

K-Jetronic Continuous (fuel) Injection

This

is

System

a big step

support shaft/idler sprockets

as from 1968.

If

chain broke, they

forward that nearly

derailing

doubles gas mileage

stopping

and

925/00 and

Timing chain guides/tensioners/tensioner

it.

all

01 Sporto

all fail,

guides inside the fell

jamming

transmissions parts rare

into the chain, it

or breaking

valve action, as from

and

expensive as

it.

from 1968.

1968.

significantly

improves performance.

Cylinder head studs, as

from 1968.

Corrosion resistant muffler improves

one

rust location.

Air

box on CIS cars.

Make

a habit of

not using gas pedal to start car but instead

do use hand

(between seats on

First third of

throttle

floor).

production carried over internal mainshaft

rtions,

as from 1972. Last two-thirds of

Jar

had redesigned transmissions. Rear er

weak; would break out of the

Magnesium case: second gear synchros

in

915

transmission. First

and second gear synchronizers weak and car must be or very expensive transmission failure will

oroblem was

fixed with this

model

year.

be

likely.

shifted gently

This particular

SB-

Fuel lines leak, as from

Brake master cylinders leak, as

1973

from 1965.

—

1974 Chapter 14 The "G" Series Not All Change Improves the Breed

928 and 924

Porsche conceived both the

emissions and safety rule-makers who.

it

answer to

in

seemed

to

U.S.

many enthu-

proved to skeptics and regulators that engineers love a challenge.

New bumpers appeared on

1974 models,

the

back seats

that,

made

spacer,

chrome

tall

when coupled

last of the

The transition from chrome

1973, as outside

high-

with an optional steering wheel

much more comfortable. The

drivers

trim disappeared.

in

faired in nice-

New one-piece

behind accordion-like rubber housings.

began

air intakes,

corner

to

black

and

light trim,

inte-

instrument panel bezels went black. Porsche added three-

rior

and

point inertia-reel shoulder

lap belts to the

new models.

replaced by the base 911, the 911S. and a Carrera. But each used the 2.7-liter engine introduced

in

1973

the

RS.

cars

U.S.

All

received the Bosch K-Jetronic (or kontinuierlich, continuous injec-

engine

91 IT The

management system introduced

1968-only

air

in

or

ularly

if

oil

to

cooler.

If

relied

unburned

high heat shortened engine

be sure

the midyear

emissions control (the

pump). The system

combust any noxious

the front

in

life.

first

being a

fuel in the

A most useful option was M412.

anywhere that

air

car,

this,

espe-

temperatures can reg-

exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit.

1973 T

application, injection nozzles

pumped

However, the electronic system

pumped

sure to keep the mixture lean for better fuel

emissions. But this allowed

1973 models

at

In

into the cylinder

heads as they had done with the mechanical system lier.

place ear-

in

much

lower pres-

economy and cleaner

to vapor lock

if

they were

shut off hot. For 1974, Porsche relocated the injection nozzles onto ilet manifold, eliminating

and others also

84

system, so

air

box as the middle

air

plenum

in its

2.7-liter

air-intake

remained essential to use the hand throttle— and

it

never to touch the gas pedal-on cold start to avoid blowing up the

air box.

The Bosch system automatically pumped a tempera-

ture-and-humidity correct mix into the system and this would pass through

box without drama

the

pumped some

gasoline

urate the mix. The

first

in

unless the

mistakenly

driver

with the gas pedal. This would oversat-

engine spark ignited the mix not only

Because

this

be a closed system, the box exploded, vacuum pressure was

and the car would not fuel the

start or run. Yet drivers felt the

of the

hand

throttle that

added

ners after the box. With this CIS system, between

1973 1/2 and

warm up with the

to

lost,

need

to

engine to aid warm-up, especially on cold mornings. This

was the purpose

in

the

in

was meant

regulator

hand

the Bosch introduction of a in

fuel in the runits

introduction

vacuum operated

model year 1976 (when Porsche did away

throttle),

it

is

imperative to never use the gas pedal

on start-up and to only use the hand

throttle nestled

between

the two seats.

Porsche carried over

its

injection-cast

magnesium crankcas-

es and the Nikasil-plated aluminum cylinders from the for all

models. However the

much

1973 RS

higher temperatures that emis-

sions-strangled engines were generating worried engineers. They

Bosch and Porsche continued to develop the CIS system. its

to

exhaust system. This

the car you're looking at does not have

in traffic

was

on extremely high heat

add one as soon as you have acquired the

you drive

1973

system, along with a thermal reactor,

injection

Porsche's second step

cially

As with the 1973 1/2 models, the 1974 model year engines used the

cylinders but backfiring into the box.

Designations changed. The T and E models disappeared.

tion)

DIN at 5.800 rpm.

were steadily strangling the 911 to death. Yet Porsche

siasts,

ly

American-market Carrera were reported at 168 SAE net and 174

strangled

sligl

U.S. cars.

probj

power

The S and

developed a new cylinder material. chemically etched with silicon, and

model

year. This

extended cylinder

Alusil, it

life.

stainless steel muffler for 1974. But

an aluminum

alloy

replaced Nikasil by mid-

Porsche also switched to a

none

of this addressed the

heat expansion coefficients of magnesium cases and

difference

in

aluminum

cylinder

heads that pulled the

steel cylinder

head bolts

out of the magnesium castings.

Porsche revised rear suspension pieces for 1974, switching to lighter-weight, less-expensive,

and stronger sand-cast aluminum

and die-cast magnesium main rear suspension arms.

1974 Specifications "G" Series Body Designation:

911, 911S, Carrera

Price:

911: $9,950

1

911S:,$11,875

$13,575 add $850 forTarga add $425

Carrera:

Engine Displacement and Type:

for

Sportomatic

911: Typ 911/92; 2,687 cc (163.9 cid) SOHC, Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection (CIS), thermal reactor

911S:Typ 911/93 CIS Carrera: Typ

Maximum Horsepower @

rpm:

@

911S: 167 SAE net Carrera: 167

Maximum Torque SAE

net

@

rpm:

911: 168

@

168

Carrera:

5,800 rpm

SAE net @ 5,800 rpm

ft-lb

911S: 168

Weight:

4

911/72 CIS

911:143 SAE net @ 5,700 rpm

@

3,800 rpm

4,000 rpm

@

4,000 rpm

911:2,425 pounds coupe 91 IS: 2,443 pounds coupe add 135 pounds forTarga Carrera: 2,490 pounds Touring

0-60 mph:

911: 6.1 seconds {Car and Driver)

911S: 5.9 seconds {Car and Driver) Carrera: 5.8 seconds (Car

and

Maximum Speed:

911: 125

Brakes:

ATE/Dunlop vented disk brakes

add 1.2 seconds Sportomatic

subtract 11

mph Sportomatic

ZF rack-and-pinion

Steering:

Suspension:

Driver)

mph {Car and Driver) 911S: 129 mph {Car and Driver) Carrera: 143 mph {Car and Driver)

Front:

MacPherson

struts with telescoping

shock absorbers, lower wishbones,

longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

Carrera: Bilstein sport shock absorbers

Rear:

Telescoping shock absorbers, semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion bar; antisway bar Carrera: Bilstein shocks

Tires:

Front:

911:

165/HR7015

911S: 185/70HR15

185/70VR15

Carrera:

Rear:

911: 165/HR1570

911S: 185/70HR15 911E, Tire Air Pressure:

Front:

28

S:

215/60VR15

Rear: 34 psi

psi;

911, Carrera: 915/16 4-speed U.S.

Transmission(s):

911,

S:

925/02 Sportomatic

U.S.

911S: 915/40 5-speed Wheels:

Front:

911: 5.51x15 steel

911S:

6.0M5 ATS

"Cookie Cutters"

Carrera: 6.0.1x15 Fuchs alloy

Rear:

911: 5.5Jxl5 steel

911S:

6.0M5 ATS

"Cookie Cutters"

Carrera: 7.0.1x15 Fuchs alloy

85

What they said Autosport. January

1974

at the time-Porsche for

1974

By John Bolster

"Superb

is

a poor word for the suspension, which feels firm

to the occupants. There

with very

little roll.

far less so

One

is

none

of the pitching that

and

taut, yet

soaks up the worst bumps without transmitting a tremor

used to be the trademark of rear-engined cars; indeed, the ride

typical rear-engined characteristic remains,

inasmuch as side winds are annoying

is

incredibly flat,

at very high speed, though

than on the Porsches of a few years ago."

Parts List for 1974 911s 12.

Rear deck

maintenance and routine

daily operation. Prices

for

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

new

price, not including installation labor.

14.

Taillight

15.

Windshield

These are items most commonly replaced during regular

factory parts at

list

NLA means factory parts no longer

quoted are

available so prices quoted are

lid

$14.24 eact

struts

housing and lens

lid

$415.31

NLA

$250-5300 aftermarket

from aftermarket suppliers. 16.

Engine:

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

Interior:

1.

Oil fitter

$8.45

17.

Dashboard

2.

Alternator belt

$6.61

18.

Shift

3.

Starter

$389.63

19.

Interior carpet,

4.

Alternator

(NLA)

5.

Muffler

$1,271.00

6.

Clutch disc

$216.99

$500.00

bumper

$808.42 $68.57

knob complete

NLA

$400-5800 aftermarket

rebuilt

Chassis:

20.

Front rotor

$73.31

21.

Brake pads, front set

$26.70

$1,027.34

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$140.00

Body: 7.

Front

8.

Left front fender

$1,141.65

23.

Front wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

S250-S400 used

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$978.60

24.

Rear wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

S250-S400

10.

Front deck

lid

$1,561.15

Minor Service 3.000 miles:

$150-175.

11.

Front deck

lid

$9.40 each

Major Service 6,000 miles

$500-600.

stmts

Ratings 1974 models, manual transmission

911 coupe

911S coupe

911 Carrera coupe

Acceleration

4

4.5

4.5

Comfort

3.5

4

4.5

Handling

3.5

4

4.5

Parts

3

3

3

Reliability

2f

2f

2f

f

-

Magnesium cases, see

text.

1974 models, manual transmission, continued 911Targa

SllSTarga

911 Carrera Targa

Acceleration

4

4.5

4.5

Comfort

3.5

4

4.5

Handling

3

3.5

4

Parts

2b

2b

2b

Reliability

2f

2f

2f

:a roofs no longer available from ft i cases, see text.

86

1

$38.64

rid u M&2S

>

continued

1974 models, Sportomat ic transmission

911 coupe

911S coupe

911 Carrera coupe

Acceleration

3.5

4

4

Comfort

3.5

4

4.5

Handling

3.5

4

4.5

Parts

2d

2d

2d

Reliability

2ef

2ef

d

-

Sportomatic repair

e f

-

2ef

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard difficult,

Magnesium cases, see

expensive,

to find, costly to buy.

may

fail quickly.

See

text,

text.

1974 models, Sportomatic transmission, continued

911 Targa

911S

Acceleration

3.5

4

4

Comfort

3.5

4

4.5

Handling

3

3.5

4

Parts

2bd

2bd

2bd

Reliability

2ef

2ef

2ef

b

-

Targa

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

d

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard

e

-

Sportomatic repair

f

-

911 Carrera Targa

difficult,

Magnesium cases, see

text.

expensive,

to find, costly to buy.

may

fail

quickly, see text,

1974. Garage

Watch

Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911 models.

Weather seal around optional sunroof, check drains that go through hood If

obstructed with

dirt or debris,

Targa top

C-pillars.

but

rainwater

now

one-piece fiberglass,

rigid

extremely rare. Most

common

still

the now-optional foldable top. Check

leakage past seals has nowhere to go and will

is

seals, weather stripping. Both leaked wind

overflow onto headliner, as from 1970.

and weather, as from 1967.

Front fresh air blowers

fail,

as

from 1969.

Electric

windows optional

in

coupe. Check motors and

weather seals.

Turn signal/high In final

defaults to high

hold low

Air box:

hand

First

beams

switch.

stage of malfunction,

beam

Must do

throttle,

beams,

will

not

position.

cold-start with

as from 1973 1/2.

and second gear synchros

as from 1970.

Fuel lines leak, as from 1973.

Timing chain guides/tensioners/tensioner support shaft/idler sprockets If

broke, they

fell

jamming

or breaking

it

all fail,

as Carrera introduced flared rear

guides inside the chain

from 1968.

action, as from

into the chain, derailing

1968.

it,

stopping

all

it,

valve

fenders; uses

same engine as

9 US. Rear suspension

arms now aluminum.

trailing

Brake master cylinders leak, as

from 1965.

— Chapter 15 The "H" Series The U.S. EPA Strangles and California Chokes the Cars The world economy continued to sour. Speed

limits

remained

the

United

California restrictions its

Environmental

States

Air

Resources Board

and the

Department

U.S.

of Transportation

efforts at protecting careless drivers

Fuhrmann

(and even

introduced

model). To reinforce

in

its

retained the

it

Europe a

urations, he ordered

it

black-and-silver tweed

930S turbocharged

dedication. Ferry Porsche consecrated a

model. Available

Silver Anniversary

91 IS and the Carrera

potent

painted interior.

in

both coupe andTarga config-

Diamond

Silver metallic only, with a

Porsche shipped half of

its

total pro-

duction of 1.500 to the United States. To

meet standards

for

the

49

engine development crew modified the exhaust flow by using the

forced air to the exhaust ports to aid

in

muffler

and from

A

belt-driven air

same pump

oxidizing the emissions.

California's tougher limits required

pumped exhaust

to heat exchangers,

two thermal reactors that

plumbed

to the transverse

there, forward to the exhaust gas recirculation

system (EGR) to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.

The theory of

was

to thoroughly burn not only the raw fuel-air

unburned noxious substances that made

air

pumps

mix but also any

to the exhaust. This

it

required extremely high temperatures that were very hard on the oil

in

an air-cooled engine, or more accurately, an oil-cooled

engine. As a result, a

the front

oil

cooler.

most valuable option

to look for

Not having one shortened engine

looking at a car that does not have one. be sure you

soon as you've acquired the

models used the

2.7-liter

se the

90

hand

is

M412,

life: if

you're

add one as

car.

engines with

ars, t:

throttle— and ne

avoid blowing up the air box

EPA

U.S.

cam

fuel

cov-

econ-

requirements, quieted the engine as well.

high operating temperatures, they could

nesium-alloy cases, requiring rebuild at

pre-smog

cars.

Case stud

inserts

literally pull

80,000

to

In

out of the mag-

120.000 miles

can generally be used at first

in

rebuild;

problems only get serious at second rebuild at 200.000 miles. With

smog equipment causing higher internal 50.000

ing necessary at is

not possible at

1968. now

to

100,000

75.000 to

heat, rebuilds started

miles.

150,000

becom-

A second one sometimes

miles. This

problem began

in

worse with 1975 emissions control equipment addi-

is

However, this

is

not a problem

if

the rebuild

is

done

properly,

using dilavar head studs and high quality stud inserts. Inside the

more sound

warmer passenger compartment, engineers added

insulation

and returned the swing-out

they had deleted beginning

in

rear

windows

model year 1968. To require

less

work from an air-conditioned engine (thereby reducing emissions), they tinted cars.

all

the window glass as standard equipment on U.S.

They also added a windshield radio antenna and an

inter-

integrated 2.5-mile per hour

bumpers now had

the

1975

emained -edal—

to

meet USDOT

5-mile per hour impact standards, requiring the addition of large hard rubber

bumper guards. While these were more obvious

viewers. Tony countered this by painting headlight rims

to

body color

on Carreras. This treatment was optional on the 91 IS, the only other model Porsche imported, having dropped the base

1975.

In

Targa bar

911

for

further integrating function to form, Tony anodized the flat

black, though customers

stainless. Lastly, the U.S. Carrera 's rear

As with the 1973 1/2 and 1974

meet

mittent rain-mist setting for the wipers. Tony Lapine's previously

these thermal reactors, EGRs. and

all

omy

addition.

through the heat-

insulation to the

ers and. by reducing final drive rations to

tions.

states not including California, the

manifold and heat exchanger on each side.

added sound

ing system. Engineers also

air

Cylinder head studs had different thermal expansion rates.

Management Chairman

met the challenge. Porsche

to carry on the car.

dropped the base 911 but

(USDOT) began

Porsche installed an electric blower to force

from themselves.

Porsche, having committed a reluctant Ernst

and

Agency (EPA)

Protection

(CARB) added further emissions

welcomed one engine-compartment

Enthusiasts

in

place and the future for enthusiast drivers looked bleak. Into this mix,

still

could order brushed

wing grew from the

"burzel." or ducktail. to a full-grown race car

"whale

tail"

little

wing.

(It

had been offered as an option on Euro-delivered cars during the previous model year, and fitted

them

to

many

1974 models.)

U.S.

customers ordered and

retro-

1975 Specifications "M" Sprioc Body Designation

9 IIS, Carrera

:

911S:$11,875

Price:

$13,475 add $850 forTarga

Carrera:

Engine Displacement

911S, Carrera (49-states)

and Type:

Typ

911/43; 2,687 cc (161.9

cid)

SOHC, Bosch

K-Jetronic fuel injection (CIS), air

pump

911S, Carrera (California) Typ

Maximum Horsepower®

911/44

pump, thermal

CIS, air

reactors, exhaust gas recirculation

(EGR)

9 US, Carrera:

rpm:

157 SAE

(49-states):

@

5,800 rpm

@

5,800 rpm

911S, Carrera:

152 SAE

(California):

Maximum Torque @

166

rpm: 49-state

@

ft-lb

California:

Weight:

4,000 rpm

166

@

4,000 rpm

911S: 2,525 pounds Carrera: 2,576 pounds

0-60 mph:

911S

49-state: 6.2 (Car

and

Driver)

Carrera 49-state: 6.2 {Car and Driver) add 1.2 seconds Sportomatic

9 US

California: 8.2

(Road

&

Maximum Speed:

49-state:

Brakes:

vented disk brakes

Track)

&

Carrera California: 8.2 (Road

Track)

132

California:

134 subtract 11 mph Sportomatic

ZF rack-and-pinion

Steering:

Suspension:

MacPherson

Front:

struts with telescoping

shock absorbers, lower wishbones,

longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

Carrera: Bilstein sport shock absorbers

Telescoping shock absorbers, semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion bars; antisway bar

Rear:

Carrera: Bilstein shocks

911S: 185/70HR15

Front:

Tires:

Carrera:

185/70VR15

911S: 185/70HR15

Rear:

Carrera:

215/60VR15

28

Rear:

34

Tire air pressure:

Front:

Transmission(s):

911S, Carrera: 915/45 4-speed U.S. 911S, Carrera: 915/40 5-speed

psi;

psi.

9 US: 925/40 Sportomatic, world Wheels:

911S: 5.5Jxl5 ATS Cookie Cutter cast aluminum

Front:

Carrera: 7.0Jxl5 Fuchs alloy

911S: 5.5Jxl5 ATS Cookie Cutter cast aluminum

Rear:

Carrera: 7.0Jxl5 Fuchs alloy

What they & Track,

Road

said at the time-Porsche for

1975

December 1974

By Joe Rusz

"The big change insofar as the new 911s are concerned

is

displacement remains unchanged at 2,687 cc (Porsche rounds rated at

157 SAE net horsepower

pump

emission control

for

state's

in

at

the engine. As before

it

out at 2.7

5,800 rpm, 10 horsepower less than

liters),

it's

the

same

for the

power output does

S and the Carrera but though

not. This year the single engine is

last year. This is for the U.S. version,

which uses only an

addition to fuel injection and the usual tailoring of spark timing. The California 911s, which must

more stringent standards, use not

occur. The resultant power loss

is

only an air

pump

more-15 horsepower

but also a pair of thermal reactors

in

[from the European version], which results

air

meet that

which more mixing and burning can in

a

SAE

net output of 152.

91

at the time

What they said

continued

1975 911 Carrera Car and

Driver,

"Skid

March 1975

pad cornering

ability (at

0.8G) shows no change from last year's Carrera despite the extra inch of wheel width

does seem to be a minor improvement lift

off

road course manners. The

in

the power at the approach of a turn. understeer: watch out for

means more

Still

the difference

lift-throttle oversteer,

is

tail

has learned

small. The

its

place a

bit

better

and

it's

new Porsches remain Porsches and must be

and be careful when you

try to

brake hard and

in

the

new model, but

less inclined to

him hard

driven accordingly. at the

there

sneak out when you

same

More power

time."

Parts List for 1975 911s These are items most com maintenance and routine factory parts at

factory

parts

during re gular

14.

Taillight

quoted are fw new

15.

Windshield

replace d

•nonly

dairy operation. Prices

list

price, not including installation labor.

no

longer

so

available

prices

$415.31

housing and lens

NLA means

quoted

are

from

aftermarket suppliers.

S250-S300

NLA aftermarket

16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

Interior:

Engine:

17.

Dashboard

18.

Shift

19.

Interior carpet,

$808.42

knob

$68.57

1.

Oil filter

$8.45

2.

Alternator belt

$6.61

Chassis:

3.

Starter

$389.63

20.

Front rotor

4.

Alternator

(NLA)

21.

Brake pads, front set

$26.70

5.

Muffler

$1,271.00

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$140.00

6.

Clutch disc

$216.99

23.

Front wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

S250-S400 used

24.

Rear wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

S250-S400 used

$500.00

rebuilt

Body:

bumper

complete NLA S400-S800 aftermarket

$73.31

$1,027.34

Chrome

7.

Front

8.

Left front fender

$1,141.65

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$978.60

oil

10.

Front deck

lid

$1,561.15

lubrication

and safety

11.

Front deck

lid

$9.40 each

inspection:

$150-175

12.

Rear deck

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

lid

struts

Minor Service

$14.24 each

struts lid

3,000 miles, includes and Alters change.

6.000 miles S500-S600

Major Service

$38.64

Ratings 1975 models, manual transmission

911S coupe

1975 models, manual

(1)

(49-state)

911 Carrera coupe

911 Carrera Targa

(49-state)

Acceleration

4

4.5

Acceleration

4

4.5

Comfort

4

5

Comfort

4

5

Handling

3.5

4

Handling

4

4.5

Parts

3b

3b

Parts

3

3

Reliability

21

2f

Reliability

2f

2f

b

f-Magnesium engine cases; see text

1975 models, manual

f

transmission, continued (2) LI Carrera

Acceleration

3

Comfort

4

Handling

4

Parts

2h

Reliability

2fj

f

3.5

Magnesium cases,

-

h

92

transmission, continued (3)

9 1 IS Targa (49-state)

•

Smog

control

sc

-

Smog

Magnesium

-

cases, see text

9

(Calif.)

transmission, continued (4)

US Targa

(Calif.)

Carrera Targa (Calif)

Acceleration

3

Comfort

4

5

Handling

3.5

4

Parts

2bh

2bh

Reliability

2fj

2fj

b

-

equipment

controls stress engirt

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche.

1975 models, manual coupe

f j

-

j

-

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

Magnesium cases, see text

-

h

3.5

Smog control equipment may be needed Smog controls stress engine: see text

for licensing,

(49-state)

Ratings

continued

1975 models, Sportomatic transmission

911S coupe

1975 models, Sportomatic

(1)

(49-state)

Carrera coupe (49-state)

911S

transmission, continued (3)

Targa (49-state)

Carrera Targa (49-state)

Acceleration

3.5

4

Acceleration

3.5

4

Comfort

4

5

Comfort

4

5

Handling

4

4.5

Handling

3.5

4

Parts

2d

2d

Parts

2bd

2bd

Reliability

2ef

2ef

Reliability

2ef

2ef

d

-

e f

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard to Sportomatic repair

difficult,

Magnesium cases, see

•

expensive,

may

find, costly to buy.

fail

quickly.

See

text,

text.

b

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

d

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard to

e

-

Sportomatic repair

f

1975 models, Sportomatic

difficult,

expensive,

may

(Calif.)

Carrera coupe (Calif.)

1975 models, Sportomatic transmission, continued

3

Acceleration

2.5

Comfort

4

5

Acceleration

2.5

3

Handling

4

4.5

Comfort

4

5

Parts

2dh

2dh

Handling

3

3.5

Reliability

lefj

lefj

Parts

lbdh

bdh

Reliability

lefj

lefj

-

f

-

h j

-

-

911S Targa

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard to Sportomatic repair

e

See

text,

Magnesium engine cases; see text

-

transmission, continued (2)

911S coupe

d

find, costly to buy.

fail quickly.

difficult,

expensive,

may

find, costly to buy.

fail

quickly.

Magnesium cases, see text

Smog control equipment may be needed Smog controls stress engine, see text

for licensing,

See text

(Calif.)

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

b

-

d

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard to

e

-

Sportomatic repair

f

h j

-

-

difficult,

Magnesium cases, see

-

(4)

Carrera Targa (Calif

Smog

Smog

control

expensive,

may

find, costly to buy.

fail quickly.

See

text,

text,

equipment may be needed

for licensing,

controls stress engine, see text.

93

TT //rsra Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911 models.

arage

Last year of hand throttle (to of

emergency brake)

for

left

use

during warm-up.

Brake master cylinders leak. The brakes would not

release after

fully

being applied. This resulted from pedal bushings stiffening up, or

being swollen due to

The

rust.

flexible portions of

the fuel lines from the tank into the

body-down the

tunnel at the center of the car-then out of the tunnel to the engine, are

beginning to

rot

I^LT

W^

from age and ozone exposure, causing fuel leaks at high

pressure, especially

in

CIS cars, at about 75

psi.

Engine seal leaks due to emissions heat.

ft

for

timing

as from 1974.

-ear synchros as

Ride height increased to work with

5-mph bumpers.

Sunroof leaks, as from 1970.

Last year of one-piece Targa top, still

Windshield and rear windows leak

leaked, as from 1967.

in

corners

old

and

when rubber

brittle,

seals get

as from 1965.

Sportomatic transmission parts, as from 1968.

Clutch cable wore quickly. At

transmission, the operating turns clutch cable

arm

90 degrees and

cable often breaks at the turn.

Softer alloy valve

uides wore quickly.

California

emissions

controls shortened

life

expectancy of Porsche

FEB

OMT'

_

4

/\

engines by half by thermal reactors, injection

fitting

air

pump, and exhaust

gas recirculation system.

ning chain guides/tensioners/tensioner support shaft/idler sprockets

all fail.

Engine compartment heater blowers, blowers blowers continue to

fail,

as from 1969.

fail;

front fresh air

was as though nothing

It

tered

else any other car

any way after Porsche unveiled

in

coupe model

at the Paris salon

announced

production

Europe

Porsche sold

only,

260

1974.

them

of

American customers could only dream, In

body panels through an

electrically

Emissions-legal

starting in until

mid-1975, Porsche began dipping

zinc. At this

930S

September 1973 and then

in

October

in

maker did mat-

turbocharged

its

March 1975.

charged 930-degree bath of

in

the car body

$100

facturing cost of nearly Prior to

was "galvanized"

at a

manu-

pedal but set a hand throttle located between seats to keep idle.

Bosch's K-Jetronic fuel

system now had a vacuum-operated warm-up regulator

with an intake air temperature sensor. This eliminated the

the hand throttle. Yet not everyone

A number

of drivers

drives learned to use the

was happy

throttle as

To substitute that function, Porsche and

a

system-called Tempostat

Control for the U.S.-that held

110 miles per

in

need

for

or U.S. interstate

VDO

instruments devised

Europe and Automatic Speed

speed anywhere between 25 and

1973 1/2. As

before,

box that Porsche

air it

was important not

touch the gas pedal during starting or the box could

destroyed, losing

vacuum and making the

Fuhrmann urged Can-Am engine turbocharging

Turbo,

Bosch K-Jetronic

the

same

bolts heated

in

the bore and used

and expanded with the cases and heads

the problems that appeared with

mounted

a

KKK model 3LDZ turbocharger It

at the

was

left

air

the alternator faster to

meet the increased

past the cylinder barrels.

In

complicated feat of engineering, involving pressure

from self-destructing while developing

260 DIN

horsepower at 5,500 rpm, and 253 DIN

ft-lb

relief

(or

valves

order to run

of the turbo. This

spun up the turbo 300 rpm

The

net) U.S.-

pump ahead changing

earlier,

the engine's torque curve. The U.S. version recorded

246

ft-lb

SAE

4,500 rpm. Porsche introduced the 930 S Turbo

Carrera to U.S. customers at $25,850, including leather

interior,

stereo radio, air conditioning, and fog lights standard.

Buyers soon learned the real price-the fast into a corner,

pendulum.

lift

ability to

Or,

go far too

the gas, and feel the entire car swing

like

a

equally often, drivers accustomed to fuel-injected in

the middle of a turn. At 2,500

234

ft-lb strat-

osphere, swinging the back end out. And around.

electrical requirements,

"Finding the trick that reduces throttle lag of our turbocharging work."

speed. This worked great for the alternator but

in

proved inade-

234 SAE

at 4,000.

only engine required a thermal reactor and an air

Porsche changed to a 5-bladed fan that spun at 1.8 times engine it

rear of the

a tremendously

rpm, the turbo boost curve soared vertically to that

engine speed to force

to avoid

magnesium cases. Porsche

engine, easily visible from underneath.

be

car impossible to start.

mounted cooling fan that spun 1.3 times

engine cooling.

wiz-

70.4-millimeter stroke as the 2.7-liter engines. Porsche

cars would stamp the gas pedal

for

In

injection.

The engine measured 95 millimeters

an 11-bladed

quate

and the

that fueled everyone's fantasies.

One engine compartment change was apparent even to casual observers. Since the 1968 model year, Porsche had used vertically

US

ard Valentin Schaeffer to prepare a 2.7-liter engine, using the

net torque at

in

of the 9

and interconnected fuel-feed switches. These kept the engine

go.

an early cruise control.

The 1976 models continued with the

96

it

hour.

introduced with CIS to

to see

making long autobahn

hand

1976

CIS engine.

2.7-liter

was the Turbo

it

in

49-state and California emissions versions.

designed airshafts around cylinder head bolts to ensure the long

per car.

1976, owners of injected cars did not use the gas

engine speed up during warm-up

had a choice

in

1972, challenged by BMW's 1971 announcement of a production

temperature, the zinc bonded galvanically to the steel.

Every steel surface

injection

But

2002

formed sheet steel

U.S. buyer

The 911S carried over the

in

1976.

its

The

Turbo, both offered

mid-1972. For a

problem

in

1976.

Fuhrmann

lot of private

is

the whole goal

told author Jerry Sloniger

owners, that

still

was

a huge

1976 Specifications Body Designation:

"J" Series

9 IIS, Turbo

911S: $13,845

Price:

Targa: add

$950

Turbo: $25,850

Engine Displacement and Type:

911S

(49-states)

Typ 911/82: 2.687cc (163.9 cid)

911S Typ

911/84

Turbo

SOHC, Bosch

K-Jetronic fuel injection (CIS), air

pump

(California) CIS, air

pump, thermal reactors, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)

(all U.S.)

Typ 930/51: 2,994 cc (182.6 cid), BoschK-Jetronic, air pump, thermal reactor, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)

Maximum Horsepower @

rpm:

911S

(49-states):

@

157 SAE net 911S:

@

152 SAE net Turbo:

Maximum Torque @

rpm:

5.800 rpm

(California):

5,800 rpm

234 SAE net @ 5,500 rpm

911S

49-state:

911S

California:

Turbo:

167

@

ft-lb

162

@

4.000 rpm

4,000 rpm

246 @ 4,500 rpm

911S: 2,410 pounds

Weight:

Turbo: 2.635 pounds (factory)

0-60 mph:

911S: 7.5 {Road

&

Track)

and

Turbo: 4.9 seconds (Car

Maximum Speed:

California:

Turbo:

add 1.2 seconds Sportomatic

138 mph subtract 11 mph Sportomatic

156 mph (Car and

Driver)

vented disk brakes

Brakes:

ZF rack-and-pinion

Steering:

Suspension:

Driver)

49-state:

Front:

MacPherson

struts with telescoping shock absorbers, lower wishbones.

longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

Rear:

telescoping shock absorbers, semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion

Front:

911S: 185/70HR15

bars, antisway bar Tires:

Turbo:

185/70VR15

optional:

Rear:

Turbo:

215/60VR15

optional: Tire air pressure:

Turbo:

205/55VR15

911S: 185/70HR15

225/50VR15 34

Front:

28

psi;

Rear:

Front:

28

psi;

Rear 42 psi

911S: 915/44 4-speed

Transmission(s):

psi

U.S.

911S: 925/04 Sportomatic worid Turbo:

930/30 4-speed

Turbo w/50-series

Wheels:

Front:

tires:

930/32

911S: 6.0Jxl5 ATS Cookie Cutter Turbo: 7.0.1x15 Fuchs alloy

Rear:

911S: 7.0Jxl5 ATS Cookie Cutter Turbo:

8.0M5

Fuchs alloy

97

What they Autosport. July

1976

said at the time-Porsche for

1975

By Pete Lyons With a turbocharged 911 on the autobahn, the throttle. Except "I

bursts,

in

155 miles per hour

in daylight is

hours

in

the more congested areas, you're on the brakes quite as

much as

not really a very practical speed.

personally found the car impossible to balance, to hold nicely at any steady attitude through a corner. Rallye Racing [magazine's]

more

regular test man, far

Parts

skilled

Listt

than

I,

reached the same conclusion. A couple other people

for

tell

me

the same.

It's

a busy car."

1976 911s

These are items most co mmonly replaced during regular

maintenance and routine

daily operation. Prices

quoted are for

14.

Taillight

new

price, not including installation labor.

15.

Windshield

factory parts at

list

NLA means factory parts no longer

housing and lens

$415.31

$250-$300

NLA

available so prices quoted are

from aftermarket suppliers.

aftermarket 16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

Interior:

17.

Dashboard

1.

Oil filter

$8.45

18.

Shift

2.

Alternator belt

$12.10

19.

Interior carpet,

3.

Starter

$389.63

4.

Alternator

(NLA)

Engine:

(49-states)

$400-5800

NLA

$500.00

Chassis:

rebuilt

20.

Front rotor

21.

Brake pads, front set

$72.37

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$145.00

23.

Front wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

$1,249.20

$1,435.40

(Turbo)

Clutch disc

6.

$68.57 complete

aftermarket

$835.90

Muffler (California)

5.

$808.42

knob

$73.31

$250- $400

$216.99

used

$479.70

(Turbo)

24.

Rear wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

S250-S400

Body:

used Chrome

bumper

7.

Front

$1,285.15

Minor Service 3,000 miles, includes

8.

Left front fender

$1,199.60

lubrication

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$978.60

Turbo

10.

Front deck

$1,561.15

Major Service 6,000 miles

S200-S250 S500-S600

11.

Front deck

$9.40 each

Turbo

S600-S700

12.

Rear deck

lid

lid lid

struts

and safety inspection:

$14.24 each

struts

Ratings 1976 models, manual transmission. 49-state cars 911S coupe Carrera 3.0 coupe

911 Turbo coupe

9

Acceleration

3

4k

5

3

Comfort

4

4.5k

5

4

Handling

3.5

4k

2f

3

Parts

3

2k

3

2b

Reliability

2f

3k

3

2f

b f

k

98

m

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche.

•

Magnesium cases, see

•

text.

Carrera 3.0 1976 model not originally imported but

-

•

Turbo oversteer, see text.

some brought

in later,

US Targa

oil

and

filters

$150-$75

change,

Ratings

continued

1976 models, manual transmission,

California-state cars

911S coupe

Carrera 3.0 coupe

911 Turbo coupe

911S

Acceleration

2.5

4k

4

2.5

Comfort

3

4k

4

3

Handling

3.5

4k

2m

3

Parts

3h

2k

3h

2bh

Reliability

1.5dfj

3k

2.5j

1.5dfj

b

Magnesium engine cases; see

-

h j

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

-

f

-

for licensing,

Carrera 3.0 model not originally imported but

-

m

text,

Smog control equipment may be needed Smog controls stress engine, see text.

-

k

-

Turbo oversteer, see

some brought

cars)

911S coupe

Carrera 3.0 coupe

Acceleration

2.5

3.5k

Comfort

3

4k

Handling

3.5

4k

Parts

2d

ldk

Reliability

2ef

3ek

b

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

d

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard

e

-

Sportomatic repair

k

difficult,

expensive,

Magnesium engine cases; see

-

-

in later

text.

1976 models, Sportomatic transmission (49-state

f

Targa

to find, costly to buy.

may

fail

quickly.

See

text,

text,

Carrera 3.0 model not originally imported but some brought

1976 models, Sportomatic transmission

in later.

(California cars)

911S coupe

Carrera 3.0 coupe

Acceleration

2

3.5k

2

Comfort

3

4k

3

Handling

3.5

4k

3

Parts

2d

ldk

lbd

Reliability

1.5efj

3ek

1.5efj

(note e)

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

b d

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard to

e

-

Sportomatic repair

f

-

h j

k

-

-

expensive,

may

Magnesium engine cases; see text, Smog control equipment may be needed

Smog

-

difficult,

find, costly to buy.

fail quickly.

See

text,

for licensing,

controls stress engine, see text,

Carrera 3.0 model not originally imported but some brought

in later,

99

1QTf>

:

fiar^A Watch

Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911 models.

This

is

the second of three troubled years that marked the introduction of emissions controls,

when engineers made

only exposed other problems. Rust tackled at last with zinc galvanized steel introduced midyear. Rust continues

in

sincere efforts that

Once

headlight buckets.

Porsche removed the glass over the headlight lens, this allowed water to seep behind the beam. Automatic starting system replacing hand throttle. At

transmission, the operating

arm turns

for fraying,

as from 1975. Signal/high

beam

Introduction of

wastegate

930 Turbo,

failures.

clutch cable

switch, as from

90 degrees and cable

often breaks at the turn. This

is

easy to

visually inspect

1974.

Cylinder head stud inserts, as

Turbo

from 1968.

introduced cast-aluminum

crankcase, eliminating stretching

and case

bolt slippage;

cases also

1977

aluminum

for Carrera to

come

in

to United States.

The

flexible portions of the fuel lines

from the tank First

into the

body-down the

tunnel at the center of the car-then out

and second gear

of the tunnel to the engine, rot from age

and ozone exposure. There

is

a

fire risk.

These leaks can be seen only from underneath the nsmission parts from 1968.

:heck the limited slip ifferential

*&

on 930

for wear.

car.

If

you smell fuel or

see a puddle that smells start the car,

like

as from 1973.

gas.

do not

* *rf??5~: Targa top two-piece foldable again,

still

leaks, as from

Electronic

1967.

speedometer introduced,

Aftermarket

air

conditioning

allowing Porsche to offer optional

compressors; factory

M454

conditioning

Tempostat cruise

1 Vacuum

control.

leaks possible.

and

is

is

air

through the dash

poorly ducted. Factory

standard on

930 Turbo-also

automatic heat control on Turbo. (NOTE: Air conditioning systems,

whether aftermarket or Porsche factory produced, are mediocre at best.)

California emissions.

The

extremely high heat required to

I

combust

previously unburnt fuel

cut engine

100,000 likely

if

life

to

50,000

miles. This

the car

was

the factory front

oil

is

to

much

less

fitted with

cooler.

las!

r\ *Wtv

r ma

Brake master cylinders leak. This

problem disappeared with the introduction of power brakes its

resulting

and

complete redesign of

S* the brake system, but

all

master

cylinders can leak after about

brakes.

years, as from

10

1965.

lOl

1977 Chapter 17 The "J" Serie The Word for This Year Is "Refinement" As Porsche had done with its

own hopes

1976

with the

RS

its

Carrera,

it

turbo, selling about

with

in all,

930 S models complained about

brake boosters. Early owners of

almost 500 going to the United States. This met the homologation

the very high pedal pressure required to slow or stop their heavier

RSRs

Turbos. This alleviated that complaint. Turbos also got a pressure

qualifications

and allowed

31

the creation of

for

as a $40,000 "production" race

car.

With

of the Turbo

Ernst

this,

ensured an anxious enthusiast world that the

Fuhrmann

930 would be

more

strict

50

requirements, Porsche adopted California specifications

states; yet with

programming the missing

for the

Bosch K-Jetronic

injection,

it

also recovered

The 1977 models continued with the plastic Porsche introduced with CIS

1973 1/2. Porsche introduced

in

a

backfire relief valve as the factory replacement that allowed excessive pressure to

boxes are

escape without disabling the

plastic, however, all of

CIS system and the

air

them

will fail

car.

Because the

eventually.

Still,

box represented a big step forward

in

improving gas mileage and performance. In

in

some areas

(supposed to be between 10 microns and 50 microns thicker,

and

it

mechanism

didn't hold paint well.

front

security reasons,

quarter-windows on both

driver's

adversely affected air ventilation, so to allow

room

for

two large fresh

While this was an improvement, Stuttgart

is

Washington,

dock

inside the door rather than the sill-mounted but-

same

tons. For the

the

thick)

To lessen the risk of break-in, Porsche devised a roller lock

Yet

it

air it

it

also eliminated opening

and passenger's doors. This redesigned the dashboard

and air-conditioning vents.

was

poorly ducted. Because

located at a latitude approximately equal to Seattle, air

conditioning

might be to buyers

in

was much

less necessary than

Southern California. A Porsche

tioning authority, Scott Hendry at Performance Aire California, offers a kit that

adds two additional

the dash to nearly double the airflow.

rated tires

because other

U.S.

front

in

and 225/50VR

tires in

back.

customers complained about

ride

harshness and noise. Porsche also devised a $495 option, M-590, Kit.

HR-speed rated car to its

With tires

this.

Porsche mounted the car on 14-inch

and wheels and

electronically governed the

130 miles per hour maximum. Car and

usual pithy cynicism,

dubbed

it

Driver magazine,

in

the Porsche Brougham.

Porsche celebrated a milestone

in

July

when

it

produced

its

250,000th automobile. Of the nearly 170.000 911s produced between 1964 and then,

model years 1977 through 1979, Porsche began having

ended up much

going from 15-inch

slightly

more than

half

had been sold

in

the United States.

problems with the zinc galvanizing process and zinc

modate 205/55VR

air

this

for the Turbo,

wheels to 16s, with 7-inch front and 8-inch rear rim widths to accom-

the Comfort

box that

air

and handling. Porsche engineers stepped up

and wheel designations

tire

improved timing and modifications of the

horsepower from 1976 and 1975 models.

five

To improve ride

the

As 49-state emissions standards approached California's

for all

boost gauge inset within the tachometer.

avail-

able again for model year 1977.

102

Both U.S. models-the 91 IS and Turbo-got vacuum power

exceeded even

1,157

in

air

it

condi-

Anaheim,

large vents

below

It

is

14 years

Engineering had gone far with the car from

nal 1,991-cc carbureted engine churning out for

Porsche had squeezed

234 SAE

275

gross, out of just

1965 model,

while what

its origi-

148 SAE gross horse-

what came out of the exhaust

power with no regard

like

911 was

worth considering that at this point the Porsche old.

net horsepower, something

50 percent more engine

came from

pipe.

more

size than the

the exhaust pipe satisfied an

exceedingly skeptical California Air Resources Board charged with

keeping California beautiful. Weissach's engineers did

all

this while

lengthening the wheelbase by 2.4 inches and widening the track

from 1,367 millimeters front and 1.335 millimeters rear to 1.369 front

and a vast 1.511 millimeters

rear for the Turbo. Yet with the

exception of a front "chin spoiler" and the Turbo's large, tale,

they did not have to modify the body of the car at

modate

this

all

flat

to

whale

accom-

near doubling of power and performance. That engine

compartment was

getting pretty

full,

with a turbocharger. air

pump,

thermal reactors, exhaust gas recirculation pump, and heater fan.

1977 Specifications "K" Series Body Designation:

9 US, Turbo

Price:

911S: $13,845 add $950

Targa:

M590 Comfort Engine Displacement and Type:

911S

$495

option:

$28,000

Turbo:

(all

50 states)

Typ 911/85; 2,687 cc (163.9 cid) SOHC, Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection (CIS), air

Turbo Typ

930/53; 2,994 cc (182.6

CIS, air

Maximum Horsepower @

rpm:

pump, thermal reactors, EGR

(all U.S.)

911S: 50-state:

157 SAE net

rpm:

911S 9

5 800 rpm

@

net

50-state:

168

Turbo:

Weight:

@

234 SAE

Turbo:

Maximum Torque @

Bosch

cid),

pump, thermal reactors, EGR

5,500 rpm

ft-lb

@

4,000 rpm

246 @ 4,500

US: 2,470 add 90 pounds

for Targa

Turbo: 2,785 pounds

0-60 mph:

911S: 7.5 seconds (factory) Turbo: 5.7 seconds (factory) add 1.2 seconds Sportomatic

Maximum Speed:

50-state:

134 mph

optional:

130 mph W/M590

(factory) subtract 11

mph Sportomatic

Comfort Package Turbo:

152 mph

(factory)

Brakes:

vented disk brakes

Steering:

ZF rack-and-pinion

optional:

Suspension:

Front:

W/M590

MacPherson

Comfort Package and Sportomatic, power-assisted brakes

struts with telescoping

shock absorbers, wishbones,

torsion bars, antisway bar,

Optional softer Bilstein shocks

M590 Rear:

in

Comfort Package

telescoping shock absorbers, two-piece trailing arms, transverse torsion bars, antisway bar,

Optional softer Bilstein shocks in

M590 Comfort Tires:

Front:

Optional:

Turbo:

Rear:

Optional:

Front:

185HR14 w/M590 Comfort Package

205/55VR16

911S: 185/70HR15

Turbo: Tire air pressure:

package.

911S: 185/70HR15

28

psi;

185HR14

(with

M590)

225/50VR16 Rear:

Turbo: Front:

34 28

psi psi;

Rear 42 psi

911S: 915/61 4-speed U.S.

Transmission(s):

911S: 925/17 Sportomatic

Wheels:

Front:

Turbo:

930/33 4-speed

911S:

6.0M5

U.S.

ATS "Cookie Cutter"

Optional: 6.0Jxl4 Fuchs alloy, with

M590

Turbo: 7.0Jxl6 Fuchs alloy

Rear:

911S:

7.0M5

ATS "Cookie Cutter"

Optional: 6.0Jxl4 Fuchs alloy with

Turbo:

8.0M6

Fuchs

M590

alloy

103

What they said Road

Test.

November 1977

"It's

been said

in

the past, of

at the time-Porsche for

many engines,

that they can be fired up.

It

1977

implies an instant response to the starter and a

whomping

bellow of sound and usually applies only to racing engines. The air-cooled, fuel-injected flat-six of the 91 IS fires right up and sounds more like its racing derivatives

911S

than any other current production engine. Wind

10 on the scale

rates a genuine

of

it

up and

it

shrieks the good and willing sound of easy power. The

good sounds."

Parts List for 1977 911s These are items most commonly replaced during regular

maintenance and routine

daily operation. Prices

new

price, not including installation labor.

factory parts at

list

NLA means factory parts no longer

quoted are

for

available so prices quoted are

Windshield

$415.31

NLA

S250-S300

16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

Interior:

Engine: 1-

Oil filter

$8.45

2-

Alternator belt

$12.10

3-

Starter

$389.63

4-

Alternator

(NLA)

17.

Dashboard

18.

Shift

19.

Interior

$808.42

knob

$68.57

NLA

carpet complete

S400-S800 aftermarket

Chassis:

$500.00

20.

Front rotor

$73.31

rebuilt

21.

Brake pads, front set

$72.37

$835.90

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$145.00

(49-states)

$1,249.20

23.

Front wheel (Fuchs)

NLA

(Turbo)

$1,435.40

Muffler (California)

$250- $400 used

$216.99

Clutch disc

6.

Taillight

15.

aftermarket

from aftermarket suppliers.

*•

housing and lens

14.

24.

NLA

Rear wheel (Fuchs)

$250- $400

$479.70

(Turbo)

used Chrome

Body:

Minor Service 3,000 miles, includes

and

oil

fitters

'

Front

8.

Left front

9-

Right rear quarter panel

S978.60

10.

Front deck

lid

$1,561.15

Turbo:

$200- $250

11.

Front deck

lid

$9.40 each

Major Service 6.000 miles

12.

Rear deck

$14.24 each

Turbo:

S500-S600 S600-S700

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

bumper

$1,285.15

fender

lid

lubrication

change.

and safety inspection:

$1,199.60

struts

struts lid

$150-5175

$38.64

Ratings 1977 models, manual transmission (49-state cars)

911S coupe

911 Carrera 3.0 coupe 911 Turbo coupe

Acceleration

3

4k

5

Comfort

4

4.5k

4

Handling

3.5

4k

2m

Parts

3

2k

3

Reliability

2f

3k

3

f

Magnesium cases, see

-

k

m

text.

Carrera 3.0 model not originally imported but

-

-

1977 models, manual transmission

104

some brought

in later,

Turbo oversteer. see text.

(California cars)

911S coupe

911 Carrera 3.0 coupe 911 Turbo coupe

Acceleration

2.5

4k

Comfort

4

4.5k

5

Handling

3.5

4k

2m

3h

2hk

3h

l.Sfj

3k

Reliability

cases: see text,

4

2.5j h

-

Smog

control

3.0 model not originally imported but

equipment ma> be needed

some brought

in later,

m

-

for licensing,

j

-

Smog

Turbo oversteer. see

controls stress engine, see

text.

Ratings

continued

1977 models, manual transmission, continued (49-state

911S

1977 models, manual transmission, continued

cars)

911 Carrera 3.0 Targa

Targa

911S

Targa

Acceleration

3

4k

Acceleration

2.5

4k

Comfort

4

4.5k

Comfort

4

4.5k

Handling

3

3.5k

Handling

3

3.5k

Parts

3b

lbk

Parts

3bh

lbhk

Reliability

2f

3k

Reliability

1.5fj

3k

b f

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

b

Magnesium engine cases; see

f

-

-

text.

•

h j

1977 models, Sportomatic transmission (49-state

911S coupe

-

•

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

Magnesium cases, see

-

cars)

911 Carrera 3.0 Targa

3.0 coupe

911S Targa

3.5kn

2.5n

3.5kn

Comfort

4

4.5k

4

4.5k

Handling

3.5

4k

3

3.5k

Parts

2d

2dk

lbd

lbdk

Reliability

1.5ef

2ek

1.5ef

2ek

Targa tops no longer available from Porsche,

b

-

d

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard to

e

-

Sportomatic repair

k

difficult,

-

may

expensive,

Magnesium engine cases; see Carrera 3.0 not originally sold

find, costly to buy.

fail

quickly.

See

text,

text. in U.S.;

Sportomatic now three-speed, see

n

some have been brought

in.

text.

1977 models, Sportomatic transmission (California cars 911 Carrera 9 US coupe

9

US Targa

911 Carrera 3.0 Targa

3.0 coupe Acceleration

2n

3kn

2n

3kn

Comfort

4

4.5k

4

4.5k

Handling

3.5

4k

3

3.5k

Parts

2dh

2dhk

lbdh

lbdhk

Reliability

lefj

1.5ejk

lefj

1.5ejk

Targa tops no longer available from Porsche,

b

-

d

-

Sportomatic parts, gaskets extremely hard to

e

-

Sportomatic repair

f

h j

difficult,

Magnesium cases, see

-

-

-

for licensing,

911 Carrera

2.5n

-

text.

Smog control equipment may be needed Smog controls stress engine, see text.

Acceleration

f

(California cars)

911 Carrera 3.0 Targa

may

expensive,

find, costly to buy.

fail quickly.

See

text.

text.

Smog control equipment may be needed Smog controls stress engines, see text.

k

-

3.0 Carrera models not originally sold

n

-

Sportomatic now three-speed, see

for licensing,

in U.S.,

some have been brought

in

text.

105

1977 Garage Watch Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911 models. This

is

the third of three years marking the introduction

devices. Avoid extremely low mileage original existing conditions. will

have

If

the work already has been

work done),

this

problems and

parts.

owner

verify

of-and surrender to-emissions

cars.

likely to

will

require

done (and any car done

the quality of the work

Such cars are

They

with

much work

to

control

remedy

more than 50,000 miles

to repair, replace,

and remedy these

be a reliable— and very affordable-choice.

Timing chain guides/tensioners/tensioner

support shaft/idler sprockets fail,

al!

as from 1968.

Last of 2.7-liter magnesium-alloy blocks, eliminates problem of rebuilds requiring inserts,

head

bolt

as from 1968.

Last of thermal reactors though

most removed long ago.

Air box,

remove engine

to replace,

as from 1973 1/2. B

I

-e

master cylinders

m

leak. Thi:

disappeared with the

introduction of power brakes resulting

rid

From

gear

1972

and

its

complete redesign of the

brake system for model year 1977, but all master cylinders can leak after

about 10 years, as from 1965.

First-year

vacuum-boosted brakes.

Targa roofs leak wind noise and I

water. Seals are very costly

"

hard to find, as from 1967.

Windshield and rear windows leak

and

in

corners

and

old

when rubber seals

brittle,

get

as from 1965.

Turbo boost gauge on tach.

Heater blowers

fail,

1975; front fresh continue to

fail,

as from blowers

air

as from 1969.

Sixteen-inch wheels and P7 tires

on 930, improving performance and handling greatly.

Aftermarket

air

conditioning

compressors; factory is

air

through the dash and

conditioning is

poorly

ducted. Factory standard on

930

Turbo-also automatic heat control on Turbo. (NOTE: Air conditioning

Optional Comfort Package

provided electric windows and

systems, whether aftermarket or

130-mph speed governor

Porsche factory produced, are

for S.

mediocre at best.)

The

flexible portions of the fuel lines

from the tank into the body-down

he tunnel at the center of the car-then out of the tunnel to the engine, ot from

Typ

925 Sportomatic transmissions

rare, costly,

as from 1968.

par

age and ozone exposure. There

;een only from underneath the car. imells like gas,

do not

start the car,

If

is

a

fire risk.

These leaks can be

you smell fuel or see a puddle that

as from 1973.

107

—

The "K" Series "S" Stands for Super, "C" for Carrera

It

at

ing,

and

to

Porsche

makers

to beat the rules

at their

own games

beat the rules makers at their own deadlines models. With

production

ular

of pride with Porsche's engineers

had long been a matter

Weissach

made

new

the

3.0-liter

rac-

in

for reg-

sions concerns. Their solution simplified Porsche's product lineinstalling the U.S.-required air

There

still

pump

on European models.

were differences, however. The U.S. cars

for all

states got catalytic converters and the California cars

still

50

used

an EGR system. (For California owners facing emissions tests semiannually, or for buyers needing the test to transfer long as the

pump. EGR. and

air

tional, this car

pump has been

disconnected,

be rebelted up to pass smog

it

title,

Smog

tests easily.

clogs up and

tests. In the late

it

was

If

the air

cannot simply

1970s and

early

for

SC models, though

the Turbo

still

available only with four gears.

Porsche introduced the Bosch breakerless capacitive dis-

SC and

Turbo models. But the new

from

style pointless distributors rotated in the opposite direction all

previous

retard

on

911

engines. Therefore what appears to be a spark

this distributor

advance timing.

(and on the 1979 model year cars) can only

new

this

Still,

system helped prevent the

ignition

backfires that blew up the air boxes.

Turbo models gained the biggest and most noticeable

change beginning with the 1978 model

Porsche added an

year.

intensify the fuel-air charge

air-to-air intercooler to

into

the

engine. Porsche laid this radiator-looking device across the top

below the rear wing.

of the engine fan like a fine-mesh tray

1980s. California owners believed they attained better perform-

Porsche also increased engine displacement, enlarging bore

ance without the

from 95 to 97 millimeters and stroke from 70.4 to 74.4 mil-

air

pump.

Initially this

was

performance deteriorated without the system With the worldwide

utilization of

true but over time.

working order.)

in

the 3.0-liter Carrera engine.

Porsche had discontinued the magnesium crankcases of the 2.7liter

engines. Reverting to an

heads eliminated the nsk ings

due

aluminum crankcase and aluminum

of steel case

head

bolts pulling out of cas-

to differing coefficients of expansion from engine heating.

A not so successful rubber damper

in

greatly diminish

revision

was a new

the vibration

limeters, for a total engine capacity of

increased horsepower output to rpm. Torque rose to

and noise of the transmission.

290

ft- lb

emissions standards. Porsche

vacuum

unit

that

California Turbo

clutch with a large

the center. Porsche intended that this would

917

jamming the

clutch. While Porsche continued these rubber

center clutches through model year 1980, still

remain

it

is

very unlikely any

in cars.

In

fitted a distributor with a full

5.500

net at

meet

order to

double

throttle. This

cost

and four-piston calipers derived from the

but had experienced cracking problems from this

new system, owners

in

environments complained of corrosion problems with the Porsche converted to nonfloating rotors

many owners have paid

in

the later

for this conversion

salt-air rotors.

SC models and

themselves on 1978

and 1979 Turbo models.

ee-speed Sportomatic was becoming less-and-less g U.S. car buyers

4.000 rpm.

at

201.2 cid.This

racing models. Porsche had experimented with these cross-

inadequate hardening. With

plate,

cc,

265 SAE

To better stop the Turbo models. Porsche fitted "floating" cross-drilled brake rotors

drilled discs earlier

temperatures and they disintegrated, usually

3.299

Din.

retarded timing at

sustained high

fluid

300

models an additional 12 horsepower.

Unfortunately, the rubber centers were not capable of handling

lodging a piece of the rubber between the clutch and the pressure

and

for

model year 1978, Porsche r

108

would be gone by model year 1980.) A five-speed

was standard

charge ignition (CDI) on 1978

so

catalytic converter are opera-

can pass California

entirely. (It

SC model.

a serious effort at anticipating worldwide emis-

up by

out

transmission

option only foi

(M09) and ohasing

it

Lastly, to

keep the Turbo glued

to the ground.

the design of the rear wing, from the whale

tail

Porsche revised

to the "tea tray"

type of wing with upturned rubber rimmed edges to better man-

age

airflow.

1978 Specifications Body Designation:

911SC, Turbo

Price:

911SC:

Engine Displacement and Type:

$19,050

Turbo:

$36,700 (49-states)

Typ 930/04; 2,994 cc (182.6 cid)

S0HC, Bosch K-Jetronic pump, thermal reactors, Catalytic converters

(CIS), air

911SC

fuel injection

(California)

930/06; 2,994 cc (182.6

Typ

1

$17,950

Targa:

911SC

"L" Series

pump, thermal

(CIS), air

cid)

S0HC, Bosch

K-Jetronic fuel injection

reactors, EGR, Catalytic converters

Turbo (49-state) Typ 930/61; 3,299 cc (201.2 cid),

Bosch CIS,

Air-to-air intercooler,

Air

pump, thermal reactors, EGR

Turbo (California) Typ 930/63; 3,299 cc (201.2 cid), air-to-air intercooler, Bosch CIS air

Maximum Horsepower @

rpm:

pump, thermal reactors, EGR, vacuum control

180 SAE net California:

California:

rpm:

5,500 rpm

@

5,500 rpm

253 SAE net

@

5,500

911SC: 49 states

187

ft-lb

@ 4,200 rpm

California:

175

@

4,200

290 @ 4,000

Turbo:

California:

Weight:

@

172 SAE net

265 SAE net @ 5,500

Turbo:

Maximum Torque @

ignition retard

91 ISC: 49-states:

282 @ 4,000

911SC: 2,558 pounds

(factory)

Targa: 2,730 pounds

Turbo: 2,867 pounds (factory)

0-60 mph:

911S: 6.3 seconds (Road Turbo: 4.9 seconds {Road

Maximum Speed:

& &

Track) Track)

add 1.5 seconds with Special Order

& Track) 165 mph (Road & Track) subtract

911SC: 126 mph (Road Turbo:

Brakes:

11

mph

with Special Order

911SC: vented disk brakes Turbo: 917-style cross-drilled vented disks with four-piston alloy calipers

ZF rack-and-pinion

Steering:

Suspension:

Front:

MacPherson

struts with telescoping

shock absorbers, lower wishbones,

longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

Rear:

Telescoping shock absorbers, two-piece trailing arms, transverse torsion bars, antisway bar

Tires:

Front:

911SC: 185/70HR15 optional:

Rear:

911S: 215/60VR15 optional:

Front:

28

225/50VR16

225/50VR16

Turbo: Tire air pressure:

205/55VR16

205/55VR16

Turbo:

psi;

Rear: 34 psi

Turbo: Front:

Transmission(s):

28

psi;

Rear:

911SC: 915/61 5-speed

42

psi

U.S.

911SC: 925/17 Special Order M09 Sportomatic U.S. Turbo:

930/34 4-speed

109

Wheel:

911S: 6.0.1x15 ATS Cookie Cutter

Front:

Optional: 6.0Jxl6 Fuchs alloy

Turbo: 7.0Jxl6 Fuchs alloy

911S: 7.0Jxl5 ATS Cookie Cutter

Rear:

Optional: 7 0Jxl6 Fuchs alloy

Turbo: 8.0Jxl6 Fuchs alloy

What they

said at the time-Porsche for

1978

Car and Driver. March 1978 "The new 911SC

is faithful

quarter-mile in 14.8 seconds at at 136. While

mation that nomical.

this

all

it

to tradition.

94 miles per

sturm und drang

is

the fastest normally aspirated Porsche, 0-60, that

It is

hour,

and the factory (which

27

in

we have

ever driven.

usually conservative in these things) rates

slowly being fed through your mental computer, you

gets 15 miles per gallon in the EPA city cycle and

A remarkable blending

is

the highway test.

It

is

must also come

to grips with the infor-

thus terribly fast and surprisingly eco-

1978 9

These are items most commonly replaced during regular

housing and lens

$415.31

14.

Taillight

maintenance and routine

daily operation. Prices

quoted are for

15.

Windshield

new

price, not including installation labor.

16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

list

NLA means factory parts no longer

available so prices quoted are

from aftermarket suppliers.

Engine:

$586.20

Interior:

17.

Dashboard

18.

Shift

19.

Interior carpet,

$456.59

knob

$68.57 complete

NLA

1.

Oil filter

$8.45

2.

Alternator belt

$12.10

3.

Starter

$389.63

20.

Front rotor

$73.31

4.

Alternato

$337.91

21.

Brake pads, front set

$51.17

5.

Muffler (50 states)

r

Chassis:

(Turbo)

$1,273.10

Clutch disc

Turbo

22.

$64.88

Koni rear shock absorber

$145.00

$216.99

23.

Front wheel

$734.31

$572.46

24.

Rear wheel

$1,036.84

$1,383.40

Minor Service 15.000 miles approximately

Body:

bumper

7.

Front

8.

Left front fender

$1,199.60

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$978.60

Turbo:

10.

Front deck

$1,561.15

Major Service

lid

11.

Front deck

12.

Rear deck

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

lid lid

$675.00

$9.40 each

struts

lid

Turbo:

S38.64

Ratings 1978 models, manual transmission (49-state cars)

911SC coupe

911 Turbo 3.3 coupe

9 11SC Targa

Acceleration

4

5

4

Comfort

4

5

4

Handling

4

3m

3.5

Parts

4

4

3b

Reliability

4

4

4

b

110

m

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

-

-

Turbo oversteer, see

text.

$750.00 30,000 miles approximately

$720.00

$14.24 each

struts

S400-S800 aftermarket

$1,249.20

Turbo 6.

does the

top speed

of opposing virtues."

arts List for factory parts at

It

its

$900.00

Ratings

continued

1978 models, manual transmission

(California cars)

911SC coupe

911 Turbo 3.3 coupe

911SC

Acceleration

3.5

4.5

3.5

Comfort

4

5

4

Handling

4

3m

3.5

Parts

4h

4h

3bh

Reliability

4j

4j

4j

b

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche.

-

h j

Targa

Smog control equipment may be needed for licensing, pump may provide better performance, see text,

-

Air

-

m

Turbo oversteer. see

-

text.

1978 models, Sportomatic transmission (49-state

cars)

1978 models, Sportomatic transmission

911SC coupe

911SC

Acceleration

3n

3n

Acceleration

Comfort

4

4

Handling

3.5

3

Parts

3d

Reliability

3en

b

-

d

•

911SC

2.5n

2.5n

Comfort

4

4

Handling

3.5

3

2.5bd

Parts

2dh

2bdh

3en

Reliability

2.5ejn

2.5ejn

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

Sportomatic special order only

in

1978; parts, gaskets

•

Sportomatic repair

See n

-

difficult,

expensive,

text,

Sportomatic now three-speed.

Targa

b

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

d

-

Sportomatic special order only

extremely hard to find, costly to buy. e

(California cars)

911SC coupe

Targa

in

1978; parts, gaskets extremely

hard to find, costly to buy.

may

fail

quickly.

e

-

Sportomatic repair

h

-

Smog

j

n

Air

-

-

control

pump may

difficult,

expensive,

may

equipment may be needed

fail

quickly.

See

text,

for licensing,

provide better performance, see text,

Sportomatic now three speeds, see

text.

Ill

»

•

Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911 models.

Improvements and solutions were everywhere, and some caused new problems.

Idle

The previous 91 IS and Carrera got combined and renamed the 911SC.

direction of distributor spin

Carrera. Porsche installed breakerless ignition on the SC.

now came

All

for

Super

Porsches worldwide

problem appears. Porsche reversed

spark retard

with a redesigned power brake system.

due

There

is

now can

no vacuum retard on

distributor. To

replace with later distributor or air-to-air intercooler

Engine

added

leaks appearing at

oil

return tubes,

cam

is

to

vacuum

unit.

oil

sprocket drive

plates, thermostat 0-ring,

pressure switch.

like

only advance timing.

stabilize the idle, usual practice

Turbo

to

breakerless ignition, so what looks

and

oil

One spot on

case weeps, at the steel tube within the engine case casting; oil

wicks out along tube. These

are solvable leaks.

•

The

flexible portions of the fuel

lines

from the tank into the

body-down

the tunnel at the

center of the car-then out of the tunnel to the engine, rot from

age and ozone exposure. There a

fire risk.

is

These leaks can be

seen only from underneath the car.

If

you smell fuel or see a

puddle that smells

gas, do

like

not start the car, as from

Air

1973

box/ remove engine, as from

1973 1/2.

3.0-liter,

breakerless ignition,

aluminum

alloy cases,

and

catalytic converters introduced,

smaller-diameter 11-bladed in;

EGR :i

in California.

required.

Sportomatic rare/costly, a^

amission i

1968.

parts

First

and second gear synchros.

as from 1972.

Sunroof leaks, as from 1970.

Targa roofs leak wind

Windshield and rear

Beware

noise and water.

windows leak

catalytic converters without

in

Seals are very costly

corners

and hard

seals get old and

to find, as

from 1967.

brittle,

when rubber

of gray-market cars;

heat shields; exhaust gas recirculation systems: charcoal

as from 1965.

air filter

canisters

hose clamps; cuts.

hung by

electrical short

Perhaps most dangerous

are improper side door impact

beams. (One converter installed

wooden broom

handles painted black to look Heater blowers

fail,

like steel rods.)

as

air fail,

See chapter

three for specific information.

from 1975; front fresh blowers continue to

as from 1969. Rust behind permanent side reflectors,

and

in

headlight buckets.

Aftermarket

air

conditioning compressors;

factory air conditioning

Clutch modifications to handle

dash and

is

is

through the

Brake master cylinders leak. This

poorly ducted. Factory

problem disappeared with the

930 Turbo-also automatic

duction of power brakes and

intro-

higher torque, smoother starts.

standard on

SC model introduced and torque

heat control on Turbo. (NOTE: Air

resulting

damper (rubber

conditioning systems, whether

brake system for model year 1977,

center) of clutch

disc disintegrates. this time.

All

replaced by

aftermarket or Porsche factory produced,

but

are mediocre at best.)

after

all

its

complete redesign of the

master cylinders can leak

about 10 years, as from 1965.

m

Chapter 19 The "L" Seriei a SC" Stands for Same Car

sions

when

their

semiauto

img and power window nd

it

M439

lifts

915

a

911

Turbo,

mounted

full

Porsche also

rub

strip,

made

it

leather interior

fitted

with

that distracted

the whale

in

available a lim-

fitted

Pirelli

and 215/60s on the

Black Metallic or

in

ing.

408

rears,

tires front

with a Doric Gray

speakers

its

"Weissach" model. Porsche

and 7-inch

185/70R15

rear.

CN36

The car was

Platinum Metallic paint,

trimmed with Burgundy

tail,

pip-

front spoiler with rubber

power sunroof and power antenna, and in

6-inch front

Cinturato

extra stereo

the doors and rear parcel shelf. Porsche produced

of these. Finally, at

the end of calendar year 1980. Managing Director

(and Technical Director) Ernst Fuhrmann resigned, one year before his contract

was

to end.

He had brought the racing Turbo

to the

and had supervised Porsche's war against automotive He also

exhaust emissions.

had

introduced

Porsche's

front-

924 and 928, and he was an

engined water-cooled cars, the

enthusiastic supporter of these models, even while the Porsche

and Piech families retained

their faith in the long-successful

(and

911s. Ferry Porsche believed there was much devel-

opment and

in

life still

the venerable air-cooled cars. His

Ferdinand Piech, who had

become development

nephew

director at Audi,

believed all-wheel drive offered technology valuable to the 911.

What's more, both families had argued for an open 911, which

Fuhrmann had

for

an overhaul are almost nonexistent. Many •

12

who

commutes. Parts

lissions are increasingly hard to find, te

first-

model

black. With the excep-

and because Porsche could

To emphasize that body form,

no longer offer U.S. customers

profitable)

speed Sportomatic

i

was nothing on

in

the viewer from the simple lines of the car's body form.

streets

Porsche had improved engine cooling with the

an 11-blade fan and a 1.8-to-l-fan

front air intakes. For

windows

tion of the alloy wheels, there

in

also a techni-

letter, is

1973 by blackening

in

its

available only

cars.

to Porsche's fight against noxious

catalytic converter,

program begun

year 1980. Porsche trimmed

rejected, calling the

Porsche's board replaced

German

911 an obsolete

Fuhrmann

engineer, Peter Schutz.

design.

with an American-born

He understood

his bosses,

and

immediately launched new development programs for the 911 after

he started

in

January 1981. On the Porsche stand at the

fails.

October 1981 Frankfurt Motor Show, Porsche and Schutz showed

stan-

the world an all-wheel-drive Turbo Cabriolet.

completed the stealth trim

of the

911 model promptly disappeared:

Rumors

of the

demise

1980 Specifications 911SC:

Price:

$27,700

Targa: add

Engine Displacement and Type:

$1,450

9 11SC (50 states)

930/04; 2,994 cc (182.6

Typ

(CIS), oxygen sensor

Maximum Horsepower @ rpm:

911SC: 50

172 SAE

Maximum Torque @

rpm:

@

(

SOHC. Bosch K-Jetronic

fuel injection

catalytic converters

states:

5,500 rpm

91 ISC: 50 states 189

ft-lb

@

4.000 rpm

911SC: 2,805 pounds

0-62 mph:

911SC: 6.0 seconds [Car and

Maximum Speed:

911SC: 130 mph (Car and

Brakes:

911SC: vented disk brakes

Steering:

ZF rack-and-pinion Front:

cid)

lambda sonde) with three-way

Weight:

Suspension:

"A" Series

911SC, Turbo

Body Designation:

MacPherson

Driver)

Driver)

struts with telescoping shock absorbers, lower wishbones,

longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

Rear:

telescoping shock absorbers, two-piece trailing arms, transverse torsion bars, antisway bar

Tires:

Tire air pressure:

Front:

911SC: 215/60VR16

Rear:

911SC: 225/50VR16

Front:

28

Wheels:

psi;

Rear:

34

psi

911SC: 915/63 5-speed

Transmission(s):

U.S.

Front:

911SC: 6.0Jxl6 Fuchs

alloy

Rear:

911SC: 7.0Jxl6 Fuchs

alloy

121

What they

said at the time-Porsche for

1975

Car and Driver. August 1980 "Riding shotgun

911SC.

This

in

a raging, spitting, hair-trigger 91

this thing, could

ISC

is

passengers collapse into beyond the-pale-of-reason seizures of But the 91 ISC

is

just

about the most awful and impossible way there

is

to

remain passive.

draw screams from the pope. Confronted with streaming, onrushing impedimenta, even the most fright. 'This is like a roller coaster.'

they whimper.

'I

stolid

hate roller coasters.'

addictive."

Parts List for 1980 911s Parts List for

1980 911s

These are items most commonly replaced during regular

12.

Rear deck

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

lid

$14.24 each

struts

housing and lens

lid

$38.64

$415.31

maintenance and routine

daily operation. Prices

for

14.

Taillight

new

price, not including installation labor.

15.

Windshield

16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

factory parts at

list

NLA means factory parts no longer

quoted are

available so prices quoted are

from aftermarket suppliers.

$586.20

Interior:

Engine:

17.

Dashboard

18.

Shift

19.

Interior carpet,

$456.59

knob

$68.57

1.

Oil filter

S8.45

2

Alternator belt

S6.61

3.

Starter

$389.63

Chassis:

4.

Alternator

$337.91

20.

Front rotor

$73.31

5.

Muffler (50 states)

$1,249.20

21.

Brake pads, front set

$51.17

e.

Clutch disc

$216.99

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$145.00

23.

Front wheel

$734.31

24.

Rear wheel

$1,036.84

bumper

7.

Front

Left front fender

$1,199.60

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$978.60

10.

Front deck

lid

$1,561.15

11.

Front deck

lid

$1,383.40

Minor Service 15.000 miles approximately

$675.00

$9.40 each

struts

NLA

Major Service 30.000 miles approximately

$720.00

Ratings 1980 models, manual transmission

USA)

911SCTarga

911 Turbo

Acceleration

4

4

5p

Comfort

4.5

4.5

5p

Handling

4.5

4

3.5mp

Parts

4

3.5b

lp

Reliability

4

4

3p

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

•

m

-

•

122

(only). (50-state

911SC coupe

b

Turbo oversteer. see text. Turbo not sold

in U.S.

Gray-market imports

S400-S800 aftermarket

Body:

8.

complete

only. St

text.

123

The

flexible portions of

from the tank into the

the fuel lines

body-down the

tunnel at the center of the car-then out of the tunnel to the engine, rot

-xposure. There

is

a

from age fire risk.

These leaks can be seen only from underneath the

car.

If

you smell fuel or

see a puddle that smells not start the

car.

like

gas.

as from 1973.

do

Brake master cylinders leak. This

problem disappeared with the introduction of power brakes its

resulting

and

complete redesign of

the brake system for model year

1977. but

all

master cylinders

can leak after about 10 years, as from 1965.

Sunroof leaks, as from 1970.

Heater blowers

Targa roofs leak wind noise and water. Seals are very costly

1975;

and

continue to

hard to find, as from 1967.

fail,

as from

front fresh air blowers

as from 1969.

fail,

•

Gray-market shortcuts, as from

1978; no

U.S.-legal Turbo

1980 model

year.

as of

See chapter

three.

Rust behind permanent side reflectors,

buckets.

and

in

headlight

Once Porsche removed

the glass over the headlight lens, this

allowed water to seep

behind the beam. Porsche cut a drain hole but this often

filled

from the bottom with road

dirt,

trapping moisture inside. Factory got zinc undercoating mix correct to hold paint, allowing

improved

metallic options, as from

First

1968.

year of factory standard air

conditioning on U.S. delivery cars; however, the

same

considerations should apply, with leaking Freon lines, condenser

placement, and compressor

mounts, as from 1976.

Weissach coupe, Black

Metallic,

or Platinum Metallic only with

gray interior.

U.S.

emissions and safety standards kept the Turbo out of the

1981 (though

U.S. again in result, a

prise,

it

was now

offered

Canada). As a

in

growing aftermarket, or more accurately, outside enter-

after the Turbo

would

would become a regular

To further diminish the risk of an air-box destroying backfire,

some

Porsche revised the Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection system by

solid

engineering knowledge, and

of the converters are

bank balance, hung out their

adding a cold-start mixture injector inside the

is

wise to stay away from gray-

injecting the mixture into the further distant air distributor hous-

it

still in

business to

reply.

Some met fed-

side-impact safety standards by painting a broom handle

black and screwing steel but

it

in

it

between the door panels.

wouldn't hold a magnet, nor would

it

It

looked

save your

ber. U.S.

models double

will

A.

If

read

WPOAA

you see

with 12

WPOZZZ

numbers and

(or the

like

numletters

Canadian WPOJ).

important to understand that you cannot get financing to

purchase

and you may not be able

this car

to insure

are looking only for a "track car," a vehicle for

Owners Club members on closed

with Porsche

be an option

for you.

trouble than

it's

tracks, this

But for on-road use. you may find

first

surfaced

in

1977 as European Turbos

U.S. buyers

had

1980 through

new Turbo option

first

in

world customers,

it

was

box

it

reached the

Porsche engineers determined, was the cause of exceptions to

failures. (For the record, there are still

engines that

will

backfire, even with every in

place.

A prudent

buyer would carefully scrutinize service records looking for a sec-

ond or

third air

box replacement.

would be a car to avoid. This

is

that situation appears, this

If

a job requiring the

shop

to

remove

the engine from the car.)

Porsche upgraded the earlier braided fuel lines to seamless stainless steel lines contoured to the engine

and engine compartment

Limited stretches of braided line served as connections between the fixed stainless lines

and the engine

to allow for vibration.

Turbo

appeared

M505

Jetronic fuel injection system,

8.6:1 up to 9.3:1

in

and by

economy, by nearly 21 percent urban EPA rating)

raising the

compression from

the United States. Porsche greatly improved fuel

for the

(to

29

miles per gallon highway/24

1980 model

year. (This

came about

because of the introduction of premium grade unleaded required for the higher combustion engines.) While the

Canada and the in

rest of the world,

model year 1981 from

Sonderwunsc/i, or Special Wishes,

Eventually designated the

tion. This

its

model year 1986.

For those customers

Sprenger's

U.S. ver-

to have this extra performance.

the late 1980s, even though Porsche began importing in

air

this,

Between the lambda sonde and other changes to the K-

This business flourished from early calendar year

model again

more

it's

most

you

would

box rather than

air

The mix often had gone too lean by the time

box and

every rule; there are

worth.

The gray-market

some

If

weekend outings

and Carreras provided much greater horsepower than the sions and

it.

ing. air

one of these modifications and improvements

life.

To identify non-U.S. models, look at the 17-digitVIN

after the

production option.

their

market cars. There are many more questions than answers, and

126

it

high-performance

shingles as importers. Generally

is

return to U.S. customers. At that time,

very good, honest,

shady charlatans who knew only

it

road cars. This would remain a special

model year 1987. a year

until

some

and responsible with

eral

order option

grew up to "federalize" non-U.S.-legal

models. These "gray-market" converters,

none

935 and mounted them on

for U.S..

the flachtbau or

and

flat

a

Rolf

department.

M506

horsepower rating remained the same

nose body modifica-

180 SAE

net

the United States, increas-

ing compression to 9.6: 1 netted European. Canadian,

customers a large power increase, from 180 DIN to

for rest-of-

took the flattened front fenders of Porsche's racing Typ

for

also

fuels,

and Japanese

204

DIN.

Porsche continued with rubber center clutches through

model year 1980, returning all

model year 1981

cars.

to spring-centered clutch discs

in

1981 Specifications "B" Series 911SC

Body Designation:

911SC:

Price:

$28,365

Targa: add

Engine Displacement and Type:

911SC (50

$1,450 states) Typ

(CIS), Oxygen sensor

Maximum Horsepower @

rpm:

911SC: 50

172 SAE

Maximum Torque @

rpm:

@

930/16; 2,994 cc (182.6

S0HC, Bosch

K-Jetronic fuel injection

states:

5,500 rpm

91 ISC: 50 states 189

ft-lb

@

4,000 rpm

911SC: 2,560 pounds

Weight:

0-60 mph:

911SC: 6.7 seconds

Maximum Speed:

911SC: 130 mph

Brakes:

911SC: vented disk brakes

Steering:

ZF rack-and-pinion

Suspension:

cid)

(lambda sonde) with 3-way Catalytic converters

Front:

MacPherson

struts with telescoping shock absorbers, lower wishbones,

longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

Tires:

Tire air pressure:

Rear:

telescoping shock absorbers, two-piece trailing arms, transverse torsion bars, antisway bar

Front:

911SC: 205/60VR17

Rear:

911SC: 225/55VR16

Front:

28

Wheels:

psi;

Rear:

34

psi

911SC: 915/63 5-speed

Transmission(s):

U.S.

Front:

911SC: 6.0Jxl6 Fuchs

alloy

Rear:

911SC: 7.0Jxl6 Fuchs

alloy

127

What they

said at the time-Porsche for

1981

Car and Driver, October 1980 By David

Davis

E.

"This Porsche feels old,

somehow.

It

feels as

if

it's

coming

finally

to the

end

up with the harshness, or the way the front end hunts and nibbles when you power

of its allotted life span. I'm it

no longer willing to put

through a favorite country corner."

Parts List for 1981 911s

I

Parts List for

1981 911s

These are items most commonly replaced during regular

12.

Rear deck

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

lid

$14.24 each

struts

$38.64

maintenance and routine

daily operation. Prices

quoted are for

14.

Taillight

new

price, not including installation labor.

15.

Windshield

16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

factory parts at

list

NLA means factory parts no longer

available so prices quoted are

from aftermarket suppliers.

housing and lens

lid

$415.31

$586.20

Interior:

Engine:

17.

Dashboard

18.

Shift

19.

Interior carpet,

$456.59

knob

$68.57 complete

NLA

1.

Oil filter

S8.45

2.

Alternator belt

$6.61

3.

Starter

S389.63

Chassis:

4.

Alternator

$337.91

20.

Front rotor

$73.31

5.

Muffler (50 states)

$1,249.20

21.

Brake pads, front set

$51.17

6.

Clutch disc

$216.99

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$145.00

23.

Front wheel

$734.31

24.

Rear wheel

$1,036.84

Body:

bumper

7.

Front

8.

Left front fender

$1,199.60

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$978.60

10.

Front deck

lid

$1,561.15

11.

Front deck

lid

$1,383.40

Minor Service 15,000 miles approximately

$675.00

$9.40 each

struts

Major Service 30,000 miles approximately

$720.00

Ratings 1981 models, manual transmission

911SC coupe

911SCTarga

911 Turbo

Acceleration

4

4

5p

Comfort

4.5

4.5

5p

Handling

4.5

4

3.5mp

Parts

4

3.5b

lp

Reliability

4.5

4.5

3p

b

m p

128

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

Turbo oversteer, see Turbo not sold

text,

in U.S.

Gray-market imports

$400-3800 aftermarket

">nly.

See

text.

I

129

«ttfi ,and improvements to) Porsche n9-

*~n~wmm*nr

I

Few changes, several improvements, one a mixed blessing.

:zaw&*i

Si Windshield and rear windows leak corners

and

when rubber seals get

brittle,

in

old

as from 1965.

Rust behind permanent side reflectors,

and

in

headlight buckets.

Once Porsche removed the

glass over

the headlight lens, this allowed water to

seep behind the beam. Porsche cu

a drain hole but this often the bottom with road

dirt,

filled

from

trapping

moisture inside, as from 1968.

911 models.

The

flexible portions of the fuel lines

from the tank into the body-down the tunnel at the center of the car-

then out of the tunnel to the engine,

from age and ozone exposure.

rot

There

is

a

fire risk.

These leaks can

be seen only from underneath the car.

If

you smell fuel or see a puddle

that smells like gas, do not start the ,

Brake master cylinders leak. This

as from 1973.

problem disappeared with the introduction of power brakes resulting

and

its

complete redesign of the

brake system for model year 1977, but

all

after

master cylinders can leak

about 10

years, as from

1965.

Heater blowers

fail,

as from 1975;

front fresh air blowers continue to fail,

as from 1969.

133

Chapter 22 The New "C" ProgramRumors of the 9U's Demise Continue

Anyway U.S.

emissions and safety standards excluded American cus-

tomers from the (though

it

right to

remained

play with the Turbo for another year

available

Canada). The

in

importers and "federalizers" continued to bring

in

gray-market

cars for U.S. cus-

tomers under a one-time exemption. To further diminish the risk of air-box destroying backfire.

Porsche revised the Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection system by

adding a cold-start

injector spray.

also upgraded the earlier

order to

a

new 1,050-watt

Unfortunately, this

new

As

failure,

approaches

makes

unit proved to it

have only a 40,000-mile

the headlights surge, the air conditioner blower fan speed up stink.

pervade the passenger compartment,

the engine and engine compartment. Limited stretches of braided

spike voltage, burning out other electric

served as connections between the fixed stainless lines and

a noxious odor begins to

If

this likely

tor

line

life.

overcharges the battery. Overcharging

and slow down, and the battery

is

Porsche

on SC and Carrera models through model year 1989.

ulator

it

electrical requirements.

alternator that incorporated a voltage reg-

braided fuel lines to seamless stainless steel lines contoured to

the engine to allow for vibration.

132

It

meet the growing

In

fitted

overcharging the battery and beginning to

costly repairs

the alterna-

At failure,

components and

and replacements. Pay attention

plainable odor.

means fail.

it

can

incurring

to any foul, unex-

1982 Specifications "C" Series 911SC

Body Designation:

911SC: $29,165

Price:

Targa: add

Engine Displacement and Type:

911SC (50

$1,450 states) Typ

(CIS), oxygen sensor

Maximum Horsepower @

rpm:

91 ISC: 50

930/16; 2,994 cc (182.6

cid)

S0HC, Bosch

K-Jetronic fuel injection

{lambda sonde) with 3-way Catalytic converters

states:

172SAE net @ 5,900 rpm

Maximum Torque @

rpm:

911SC: 50 states 189

ft-lb

@

4,000 rpm

Weight:

911SC: 2,560 pounds

0-60 mph:

91 ISC: 6.0 seconds (Car and

Maximum Speed:

911SC: 130 mph {Car and

Brakes:

91 ISC: vented disk brakes

Steering:

ZF rack-and-pinion

Suspension:

Front:

MacPherson

Driver)

Driver)

struts with telescoping

shock absorbers, lower wishbones,

longitudinal torsion bars, antisway bar

Rear:

telescoping shock absorbers, two-piece trailing arms, transverse torsion bars; antisway bar

Tires:

Tire air pressure:

Front:

911SC: 215/60HR16

Rear:

911S: 225/50VR16

Front:

28

Wheels:

psi;

Rear:

34

psi

911SC: 915/63 5-speed

Transmission(s):

U.S.

Front:

911S: 6.0Jxl6 Fuchs

alloy

Rear:

911S: 7.0Jxl6 Fuchs

alloy

133

What they

said at the time-Porsche for

1982

Sporting Cars, February 1982 "Generally,

erupt from

is

it

a well-tamed and stable platform, and long-striding fun to drive,

for, in

any gear,

it

always has that capability to

and charge away, almost matchless-except by another Porsche. Braking was always a

traffic

progressive, accurate,

and powerful with bags

of feel. Ride is firm but stable

accompanied by poorly suppressed road noise from those broad

joy

(when necessary),

and well-damped, comfortable at high speed though

tires."

Parts List for 1982 911s Parts Ust for

I

1982 911s

These are items most commonly replaced during regular

12.

Rear deck

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

lid

$14.24 each

struts

housing and lens

lid

$38.64

$415.31

maintenance and routine

daily operation. Prices

for

14.

Taillight

new

price, not including installation labor.

15.

Windshield

16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

factory parts at

list

NLA means factory parts no longer

quoted are

available so prices quoted are

from aftermarket suppliers.

$586.20

Interior:

Engine: 1.

Oil filter

$8.45

2.

Alternator belt

$6.61

17.

Dashboard

18.

Shift

19.

Interior carpet,

$456.59

knob

$68.57 complete

NLA

3.

Starter

$389.63

Chassis:

4.

Alternator

$337.91

20.

Front rotor

S73.31

5.

Muffler (50 states)

$1,249.20

21.

Brake pads, front set

$51.17

6.

Clutch disc

$216.99

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$145.00

23.

Front wheel

$734.31

24.

Rear wheel

$1,036.84

Body:

bumper

7.

Front

8.

Left front fender

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$978.60

10

Front deck

lid

$1,561.15

11.

Front deck

lid

$1,383.40 $1,199.60

Minor Service 15,000 miles approximately

$675.00

$9.40 each

struts

Major Service 30.000 miles approximately

$720.00

Ratings 1982 models, manual transmission

911SC coupe

9 11SC Targa

911 Turbo

Acceleration

4

4

5p

Comfort

4.5

4.5

5p

Handling

4.5

4

3.5mp

Parts

4

3.5b

lp

Reliability

3.5q

3.5q

2pq

b

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche

m

134

-

Turbo oversteer, see text.

p

-

Turbo not sold

q

-

Alternator: see text.

in U.S.

Gray-market imports

S400-S800 aftermarket

only.

See

text,

135

watch

iarai

mprovements

Problems

Windshield and rear windows lea

Gray-market horrors, as from

1978. no

Porsche 911 models.

to)

U.S.-legal Turbo, as

in

from 1980. See chapter three.

corners

old

and

when rubber seals

brittle,

get

as from 1965.

Rust behind permanent side reflectors,

buckets.

and

headlight

in

Once Porsche removed

the glass over the headlight lens, this allowed

water to seep behind

the beam. Porsche cut a drain

hole but this often

bottom with road moisturp inside

filled

dirt,

am Porsche. Porsche,

Reliability

q

-

Alternator, see text

b

New

q

r

t

u

-

transmission, clutch, see text,

Fuel lines, see text.

-

Power

•

•

lines to

r

top. improves comfort, risks

jamming, see

text.

s

Factory Slant Nose steel body panels extremely costly.

inside the air box

itself.

It

t

also upgraded the earlier braided fuel

seamless stainless

steel,

contoured to the engine and

engine compartment. Limited stretches of braided

line

served as

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

-

Alternator, see text

-

New

-

transmission, clutch, see text,

Fuel lines, see text,

-

Power

-

top. improves comfort, risks

unit proved to ure,

it

have only a 40.000-mile

surge, the air conditioner blower fan

the battery stink.

These

flexible portions of the fuel lines,

from the tank into

out of the tunnel to the engine, are beginning to

rot

from age and

Cars

built in

and

Porsche changed outside manufacturers

this particular firm failed to

for

meet Porsche's qual-

This causes fuel leaks at high pressure. (The CIS Bosch K-

pumps

fuel at

underneath the inspection.

there

is

In tric

a

If

car,

psi.)

These leaks can only be seen from

an excellent reason to have a prepurchase

you smell fuel or see a puddle, do not start the car;

seats

in

the alternator

to

The alternator

is

it

new

approaches

fail-

speed up and slow down, and

front trunk

compartment,

overcharging the battery and

will

it

is

this

likely

beginning

spike voltage, burning out other electric

incurring costly repairs

and replacements.

Understanding that as many owners wanted the look of the Turbo body as those seeking the additional performance, Porsche introduced option

M491.

the Turbo Look for Carrera coupes

option

added the Turbo's

front

dard Carrera body, as well as

air

electrical

conditioning,

and

in

model

model year 1984), Porsche

systems (and

fitted a

new 1,050-

watt alternator that incorporated a voltage regulator on

SC and

rear flared fenders to the stan-

front

and

fitted

rear spoilers. Less visible

Turbo front hubs, rear sus-

pension arms and torsion bar tube, the entire Turbo brake system,

The Carrera, with

requirements of elec-

security

and

its

but more effective, the package

and the Turbo's wheels and

meet the growing

windows, roofs,

electric

75

fire risk.

order to

As

a noxious odor begins to pervade the passen-

compartment from the

fail.

life.

year 1984. For 1985, they included Targa and Cabrio models. This

requirements.

Jetronic

If

means

model years 1987 and 1988 are more prone

to suffer this problem. lines,

ger

components and

ozone exposure.

text.

overcharges the battery. Overcharging makes the headlights

allow for vibration.

the body (they are stainless tubing through the center tunnel) and

jamming, see

Carrera models through model year 1989. Unfortunately, this

connections between the fixed stainless lines and the engine to

ity

Turbo-Look

Acceleration

s

these

(4)

Turbo-Look Targa

its

tires.

substantial changes for

1987. including a standard power top sell well. all

forms

for the Cabrio,

model year continued to

Porsche produced 14,853 Carreras, and 1,727 Turbos in

model year 1987.

in

165

U! 1QR7 GaraS Watch Problems with (and improvements to) Porsche 911 models.

Convertible tops get power option

mechanism vulnerable

with drive

to

slipping out of synch, as from

Third brake light "Cyclops eye" relocated to

New G50

five-speed transmission ends

failures.

you

If

shift

and second gear synchro

too quickly into third gear, you crunch. For this

many

transmission,

first

bottom of rear window.

service updates

need

to

be performed. These are

complicated and include the starter ring gear, throw-out fork and bearings

and the guide tube and throw-out beanng clutches as they age.

Check engine compartment and, after replacing the fuel a

$500

line

fuel line

reset CO.

If

needs replacement

it

it.

is

part, plus installation. This

problem continues through mid-year

1989 but was worst 1988. due

manufactured is difficult

in car;

1987 and

in

to outside supplier

to

who

lines for Porsche. This

do properly with engine

should remove engine as

from 1984.

Valve guides are

as from 1984, but

fail,

more prone

to fail

because

Porsche used particular phosphorous bronze materials for part of

and 1988 model

years.

however, that these replaced. This

is

will

It

1987

is likely,

have been

something to look

As hydraulic clutch gets ator

icorporates voltage regulator; e of only

16

suffer to operate. With

models

especially,

ted. driver

if

older,

it

gets

1987 and 1988

the clutch

is

ends up with buttery-soft

vonderful to drive.

New weather

sealing forTarga roofs, a

i^

problem since 1967. This

improvement but molding

it

is

no

leak

now incorporates the

into the rubber.

—

Windshield and rear windows in

corners when rubber

seals get old and

brittle,

as

1 Heater blowers

fail,

as from 1975;

1

front fresh air blowers continue to

|

fail,

as from 1969.

from 1965. :

~*~~

Nose option

Steel Slant

for Turbos.

Halogen headlights brighter but

now

require bulbs.

7

£ Electric seats operation,

as from 1985.

Brake master cylinders leak. A

common

problem

to

all

cars before

1990. The brakes would not

fully

release after being applied. This resulted from pedal bushings stiffening up, or being swollen

Age problem appearing. The flexible portions of

mes from the tank

body-down

the fuel into

the

the tunnel at the

to rust. earlier,

brake it

On

cars built

in

the master cylinder seeped

fluid

onto the bushings, and

leaked out into the pedal

center of the car-then out of

assembly. The pistons stuck

the tunnel to the engine, are

calipers.

beginning to

rot

from age and

ozone exposure, causing Larger rear anti-roll bar brackets

leaks at high pressure,

break, listen for "clunk", as

especially

from 1986.

about 75

in

CIS cars, at

psi.

fuel

due

1976 and

acting

in

the

Brake hoses swelled shut,

like

a

one-way

valve. This

problem disappeared with the introduction of power brakes its

resulting

and

complete redesign of

the brake system.

167

— Chapter 28 The New "J" Program Small Changes While New Models Lurk 1988 model was

Note: The

model year 1987. Weissach engineers remapped the

For

Bosch

Digital

SAE

Department of Transportation (USDOT) ruled

model year 1984. This

risk,

and the

net.

net.

engine introduced

though

209 DIN

at

still

in

231 DIN

4,800 rpm.

at

reached 60 miles per hour

at

5.900 rpm and 195

5.3 seconds and topped out at

in

1976

152. performance just a hair slower than the

Turbo. (see

The Bosch

DME

injection

K-Jetronic fuel injection. This operated the fuel injection tion timing by monitoring throttle setting, outside

peratures, engine load, engine speed,

new

DME

Bosch

and

igni-

and engine tem-

and even battery voltage.

"black box" under the driver's seat.

its

overhead camshafts by chains. Oiling

and keeping proper tensions on the chains had been a consistent problem. Ernst Fuhrmann, set on ending or

911 production

in

1983

1984, never authorized further improvements. Under Peter

Schutz, Weissach engineers devised the

new

Carrera chain ten-

sioner and oiling system.

Porsche's type

also had held back further

engine development. The gearbox was at the limits of to

handle engine power and torque.

In

its abilities

model year 1987. Porsche

cars for U.S. customers under a one-time exemption, even though

Porsche had already reintroduced the Turbo for U.S. customers.

shady with

little

of the converters are

and screwing Delays

still

in

it

in

in

business to

models

models

ran better

and

faster,

in

kept these converters

17-digit VIN number. U.S.

and

letters after the

code

for

its

models read

double

A.

If

ed

its

different feel, describing

it

as "a Camaro

much

If

WPOAA

rest-of-the-world cars, or

Canadian exports,

in

a Porsche body."

Almost immediately, problems appeared with the hydraulic clutch.

The factory issued a number of updates,

throw-out

to starter ring gear,

and bearings, and guide tube and throw-out These updates are complicated. However, it is

fork, shaft

bearing clutches.

around have not had these improve-

European business.

you're after a car only for

may

late

with Porsche

would be an option

it's

more trouble than

the U.S. from early cal-

1980s.

Porsche had worked diligently to further diminish the air-box destroying backfire. injection

revised the

itself. It

risk of

Bosch K-Jetronic

system by adding a cold-start injector spray,

inside the air box lines to

It

used

not be able to insure

this

But for on-road use. you may find in

it

model. You cannot get

weekend outings

worth. The gray-market flourished

endar year 1980 through the

numbers

with 12

WPOJ. the code

this is a non-U.S.

financing to purchase this car and you

it's

in

you see WPOZZZ. Porsche's pre-

for you.

of handling

book have lament-

fed-

the U.S.. the desire to bring

cost, or belief that the

synchronizers. While this gearbox

was capable

Some met

wise to avoid non-U.S. models. To identify them, look at the

It is

it.

reply.

between the door panels.

getting turbo

pre-owned model at a lower

a

for

to

many more ques-

side-impact safety standards by painting a broom handle black

eral

in

and responsible

quality from honest

about the quality of individual conversions, and

tions than answers

none

in

engineering knowledge. There are

Owners' Club members on closed tracks,

several sources consulted for this

March

cooler. Porsche designat-

oil

introduced the G50, a Getrag five-speed that used Borg-Warner

more power,

a safety in

The gray-market importers and "federalizers" continued to bring in

fix

915 transmission

was

ed the Slant Nose Turbo model the 930S.

Carrera engine also addressed a problem dating

from 1963. Porsche drove

the nose. The

in

this

version for U.S. customers (beginning

These operators ranged

had replaced the continuous

Porsche mounted the

M505

1987) did not have the low-mounted

U.S. buyers got a car that

chapter 27 for details).

This

cooler

oil

U.S.

boosted horsepower and torque on the U.S. models to 217 horse-

power SAE

of-the-world customers featured a large

Motor Electronics engine management system on

the Carrera 3.2

ft- lb

unchanged from 1987.

virtually

fuel

fitting

it

also upgraded the earlier braided fuel

seamless stainless

steel,

contoured to the engine and

•

engine compartment. Limited stretches of braided

168

3.3-liter Turbo,

line

served as

connections between the fixed stainless lines and the engine to allow for vibration.

1988 Specifications

"J" Series

Body Designation:

911

Price:

911 Carrera coupe: $45,895 911 Carrera Club Sport: $48,895

Carrera, Turbo

Turbo: $68,670

Slant Nose option: $23,826 (plus car)

Engine Displacement and Type:

911

930/25; 3,164 cc (193.0

Carrera: Typ

cid)

SOHC Bosch DME

remapped Motronic 2 engine management system, Bosch Turbo: Typ

930/68; 3.299 cc (201.3

cid)

SOHC Bosch DME

remapped Motronic 2 engine management system, Bosch oxygen sensor and 3-way catalytic converters,

Maximum Horsepower @

rpm:

911

Carrera:

50

Digital

Motor Electronic

LE-Jetronic fuel injection system Digital

Motor Electronic

LE-Jetronic fuel injection system,

KKK turbocharger

states:

217 SAE net @ 5,900 rpm Turbo:

Maximum Torque @

rpm:

282 SAE net @ 5,500 rpm

911

Carrera:

195

ft-lb

@

50 states

4,800 rpm

Turbo: 287ft-lb

911

Weight:

@

4,000

Carrera: 2,756 pounds

911 Club

Sport: 2,601

pounds

Turbo: 2,976 pounds add

911

0-60 mph:

110 pounds

for Turbo

Look Carrera

Carrera: 6.1 seconds (factory)

911 Club

Sport: 6.2 seconds (Car

and

Driver)

Cabrio: 7.0 seconds (factory) Turbo: 5.5 seconds (factory)

911

Maximum Speed:

Carrera:

911 Club

149 mph

134 mph

Cabrio:

Turbo: 157

mph

(factory)

152 mph (Car and

Sport:

Driver)

(factory) subtract 12

mph

for Turbo

Look (wind resistance)

(factory)

Carrera: power vented discs

Brakes:

Turbo: power vented and cross-drilled discs

ZF rack-and-pinion

Steering:

Suspension:

Tires:

MacPherson

Rear:

semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion bars, antisway bar

Front:

911

Carrera:

optional:

Turbo:

Rear:

911

225/50VR16 215/60VR15

optional:

Front:

Transmission(s):

29

Front:

225/50VR16

245/45VR16

psi;

Rear:

34

psi

43

Turbo: Front:

29

911

G50/01 5-speed

Carrera:

Turbo:

Wheels:

185/70HR15

205/55VR16

Carrera:

Turbo: Tire air pressure:

struts, torsion bars

Front:

911

psi;

Rear:

psi

U.S.

G50/50 5-speed

Carrera: 6.0.1x15 Fuchs alloy

optional: 7.0.1x16 Fuchs alloy

Turbo: 8.0Jxl6 Fuchs alloy

Rear:

911

Carrera: 7.0Jxl6 Fuchs alloy

optional: 8.0Jxl6 Fuchs alloy

Turbo: 9.0Jxl6 Fuchs alloy

169

What they

1988

said at the time-Porsche for

Porsche 911 Turbo (Slant Nose] Cabriolet. Car and Driver. September 1987

1976 season: Porsche managed

"The nose job arrived during the

Group 5

more a

rules.

Lopping

front downforce.

number

of

off the traditional It

was

a short step to modifying production

"By 1981.

it

was

painfully clear that Stuttgart in

935

with a

new leading edge through a loophole

in

the

now fabled Slant Nose shape, which contributed much

911 Turbos with bodywork that resembled the 935

racers,

and soon

various American specialists were cranking out streetable replicas.

German customs houses and

Special Wishes) Porsche has been

to slip a

fenders and headlamps produced the

was

forfeiting a rollicking

good business to the aftermarket. Ever since [setting up

the custom biz with a vengeance, handcrafting megadollar conversions for upscale customers."

Porsche 911 Club Sport. Motor Trend. August 1988 "Those of us with a cynical nature also have to wonder formula.

If

rear seats.

if

a bit of clever marketing hasn't also found its

way

into the Club Sport

you order the Club Sport, you don't have to hire a high-priced race mechanic to pull out the air-conditioner and ash can the

Removing the passenger

visor alone could cost

some poor sparrow

of a race car

owner $100

."

in labor.

.

Parts List for 1988 911s Parts List for

1988 911s

These are items most commonly replaced during regular

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

14.

Taillight

housing and lens

lid

$38.64

$280.09

maintenance and routine

daily operation. Prices

for

15.

Windshield with antenna

new

price, not including installation labor.

16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

factory parts at

list

NLA means factory parts no longer

quoted are

available so prices quoted are

from aftermarket suppliers.

Engine:

$586.20

Interior:

17.

Dashboard

18.

Shift

19.

Interior

$447.30

knob

$68.57

carpet complete

NLA

1.

Oil filter

$8.45

2.

Alternator belt

$6.61

Chassis:

3.

Starter

$389.63

20.

Front rotor

$109.04

4.

Alternator

$337.91

21.

Brake pads, front set

$51.17

5.

Muffler

$1,000.17

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$145.00

$1,000.17

23.

Front wheel

$734.31

$581.48

24.

Rear wheel

$1,036.84

$1,383.40

Minor Service 15.000 miles approximately

(Turbo) 6.

Clutch disc

S400-S900 aftermarket

Body:

bumper

7.

Front

8.

Left front fender

$1,199.60

(Turbo fender plus flare)

$2,071.90

Turbo 15.000

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$978.60

Major Service 30,000 miles approximately

$1,561.15

10.

Front deck

lid

11.

Front deck

lid

12.

Rear deck

lid

struts

$630.00 $900.00

$675.00

$9.40 each

Turbo 30.000

$990.00

$14.24 each

struts

Ratings 1988 models, manual transmission Carrera coupe Carrera Targa

Carrera Cabrio

Acceleration

4r

4r

3.5r

Comfort

4.5

4

Handling

4.5

4.5t

4.5

4

Parts

4

3.5b

4

Reliability

3.5qrs

3.5qrs

3qrst

1988 models, manual transmission, continued Turbo Targa

Turbo Cabriolet

Acceleration

5r

4.5r

4.5r

Comfort

5

4.5

5t

Handling

4

4

4

Parts

4.5

4a

4.5

Reliability

3.5qrs

3.5qr

3qrst

roofs no longer available from Porsche. !

text.

b '-h.

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

see text q

170

(2)

Turbo coupe

r

-

-

Alternator, see text,

New

transmission, clutch, see text.

mlng 5

-

Fuel lines, see text.

Power

top. improves comfort, risks

jamming, see

text.

Ratings 1988 models, manual transmission, continued

(3)

Slant Nose

Slant Nose

Slant Nose

Turbo coupe

Targa

Cabrio

5r

5r

4.5r

Comfort

5

4.5

5t

Handling

4.5

4

4

Acceleration

3.5u

Parts

3.5qrs

Reliability

r

3.5u

3.5qrs

3qrst

coupe

Targa

4r

4r

Comfort

4.5

4

Handling

5

4.5

Parts

4

-

-

Alternator, see text,

3.5b

Reliability

3.5qrs

3.5qrs

New

b

-

u

•

-

transmission, clutch, see text,

Power

top, improves comfort, risks

jamming, see

text, s

These

flexible portions of

out of the tunnel to the engine, are beginning to

rot

from age and

ozone exposure. Cars built

in

model years 1987 and 1988 are more prone

to for

these lines and this firm failed to meet quality requirements. This causes fuel leaks at high pressure. (The CIS Bosch K-

pumps

underneath the inspection. a

If

-

Alternator, see text,

New

transmission, clutch, see text.

Fuel lines, see text,

Power

top, improves comfort, risks

Beginning to

requirements

fuel at car,

75

psi.)

These leaks can only be seen from

an excellent reason to have a prepurchase

you smell fuel or see a puddle, do not start the car;

fire risk.

systems (and

jamming, see

text.

model year 1984,

in

meet the

growing of

electrical

windows,

electric

and

roofs, air conditioning

problem. Porsche changed outside manufacturers

suffer this

is

-

(4)

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

the fuel lines, from the tank into

the body (they are stainless tubing through the center tunnel) and

there

-

-

Factory Slant Nose steel body panels extremely costly. t

Jetronic

-

Fuel lines, see text. r

t

Turbo-Look

Acceleration

q s

Turbo-Look

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

b q

3.5bu

1988 models, manual transmission, continued

security

model

electric seats in

year 1984), Porsche fitted a 1,050-

watt alternator that incorporated a

SC and

voltage regulator on

Carrera

models through model year 1989. Unfortunately, this

new

unit proved to

have only a 40,000-mile

approaches

failure,

the battery. Overcharging

headlights surge, the

life.

As

it

overcharges

it

makes the conditioner

air

blower fan speed up and slow down,

and the battery

stink.

If

a

noxious

odor begins to pervade the passenger

compartment from the

trunk

compartment,

means

the alternator

the battery and

The

alternator

it

this

is

front likely

overcharging

beginning to

is

spike

will

fail.

voltage,

burning out other electric components and

costly

incurring

repairs

and replacements. Porsche produced a limited run of 911 Club Sport mod-

Lastly, els.

This

was

a severely stripped model, lacking

conditioner, door panels, to pull

155 pounds

off

sound

insulation, air

and other accouterments, deletions meant

the standard Carrera. Bosch

DME tuning runs

the redline to 6,850 rpm instead of 6,520 but the engine

duced 214 SAE net horsepower whale

tail

ration for

same as

wing and removed the front fog .

.

.

the

umm fully

.

.

.

still

pro-

at 5,900. Porsche fitted the flat lights,

club racing requirements.

equipped Carrera coupe.

seemingly as prepaIt

sold for $48,895,

171

As hydraulic clutch gets o operate. With >

older,

it

gets

1987 and

especially,

if

the

-ids up

Sunroof leaks, as from 1970.

Cyclops eye back up to top of

problem since 1967.

roofs, a

no improvement but

This

is

now

incorporates the molding

it

into the rubber.

Check engine compartment replacing

it,

reset CO.

replacement

it

is

a

If

fuel line

the fuel

$500

line

and, after

needs

part, plus installation.

This problem continues through midyear 1989, but

was worst supplier

job

in

1987 and 1988 due

who manufactured

is difficult

to

to outside

lines for Porsche. This

do properly

with engine

in car;

still

should remove engine, as from 1984.

Valve guides, as from 1984.

1,050-watt alternator incorporates voltage regulator: however, has average

40,000

f-or this

life

of only

miles.

transmission,

many

service updates need to be

performed. These are

complicated and include the starter ring gear, throw-out fork

and bearings, and the guide tube and throw-out bearing clutches as they age.

common

Brake master cylinders leak. A problem before 1990. The brakes would not

fully

to

all

cars

release after being

applied. This resulted from pedal bushings stiffening up, or

being swollen due to

rust.

The pistons stuck

Brake hoses swelled shut, acting

em

like

a

in

the calipers.

one-way

valve. This

disappeared with the introduction of power brakes.

Age problem appearing. The fuel lines

flexible portions of the

from the tank into the body-down the

tunnel at the center of the car-then out of the

tunnel to the engine, are beginning to rot from age

and ozone exposure, causing pressure, especially

in

fuel leaks at high

CIS cars, at about 75

psi.

173

— Chapter 29 The New "K" Program

New Commemorative, and New All-Wheel Drive Note: The

1989 model was

Bosch

Motor Electronics engine management system on

Digital

the Carrera 3.2 engine introduced

horsepower and torque on the though

still

virtually identical to the

at

231 DIN

at

U.S.

in

model year 1984, boosting

models

to

horsepower SAE

5,900 rpm and 195

ft-lb

SAE

net,

net,

209

DME

had replaced the continuous

injection

K-Jetronic fuel injection. This operated the fuel injection

Bosch

and

igni-

temperatures, engine load, engine speed, and even battery

This

DME new

injection

lines to

volt-

lem. Ernst Fuhrmann, looking to end

911 production

1983

in

or 1984,

never authorized further improvements. Under Peter Schutz, Weissach

Porsche's type

915

handle engine power and torque.

its

abilities

model year 1987, Porsche

In

introduced the G50, a Getrag five-speed that used Borg-Warner synchronizers. While this gearbox

more power, many have lamented

was capable its

of handling

different feel as "a

much

Camaro

a Porsche body."

These

The factory issued a number of updates, to starter

ing clutches.

1989, Porsche performed the updates before Porsche continued worldwide sales of

in

oil

cooler

(USDOT) ruled

for

model year

Bosch K-Jetronic pumps

into

purchase inspection. the car; there

tric

If

a fire

is

from age and

rot

fuel leaks at high pressure. (The CIS

fuel at

seen from underneath the

car,

75

psi.)

These leaks can only be

an excellent reason to have a pre-

you smell fuel or see a puddle, do not start risk.

order to meet the growing electrical requirements of elec-

windows,

electric seats

roofs, air conditioning,

and

security systems (and

model year 1984), Porsche

in

life.

As

it

1,050-watt

SC and

models through model year 1989. Unfortunately, proved to have only a 40,000-mile

a

fitted

alternator that incorporated a voltage regulator on

Carrera

new

this

approaches

unit

failure,

it

overcharges the battery. Overcharging makes the headlights surge.

3.3-liter Turbo, avail-

in

this

M506

for rest-of-

If

a noxious odor begins to pervade the passenger front trunk

compartment,

overcharging the battery and

the alternator

is

The alternator

will

it

is

this likely

means

beginning to

fail.

spike voltage, burning out other electric components

incurring costly repairs

and replacements.

From model year 1989, Porsche introduced a car

for

which

President Peter Schutz and chief engineer Helmut Bott had special

the nose. The U.S.

fondness, the Speedster.

was

time Porsche owners and enthusiasts of the late 1950s models

a safety

beginning Dler.

battery stink.

compartment from the

and

delivery.

its

Rat Nose Turbo body option. This 'eatured a large

174

ring gear,

and bearings, and guide tube and throw-out bear-

These updates were complicated, but

e

from the tank

flexible portions of the fuel lines,

the body (they are stainless tubing through the center tunnel) and

the air conditioner blower fan speed up and slow down, and the

Almost immediately, problems appeared with the hydraulic

fork, shaft

served as

line

allow for vibration.

In

transmission also had held back further

engine development. The gearbox was at the limits of

throw-out

contoured to the engine and

steel,

connections between the fixed stainless lines and the engine to

engineers devised the Carrera chain tensioner and oiling system.

clutch.

seamless stainless

ozone exposure. This causes

overhead camshafts by chains. Oiling and

it

also upgraded the earlier braided fuel

It

out of the tunnel to the engine, are beginning to

its

fuel

injector spray, fitting

"black box" sat under the driver's seat.

1963. Porsche drove

in

itself.

risk of

Bosch K-Jetronic

revised the

Carrera engine also addressed a problem dating from

keeping proper tensions on the chains had been a consistent prob-

to

It

system by adding a cold-start

inside the air box

and engine

tion timing by monitoring throttle setting, outside

age. The

air-box destroying backfire.

engine compartment. Limited stretches of braided

DIN at 4,800 rpm.

The Bosch

1988 and 1987 models.

Porsche had worked diligently to further diminish the

remapped the

For model year 1987, Weissach engineers

in

risk,

March

Porsche designat-

meant

It

was

blatantly

meant

to remind long-

to tantalize California buyers. Just as buyers' affections are

divided

over

Porsche's Targas,

Speedster was an acquired taste.

and

Some

even

its

Cabriolets,

people hated

its

lines

the

from

1989 Specifications "K" Series Body Designation:

911

Price:

911 Carrera coupe: $51,205 911 Carrera Targa: $53,450

Carrera, Speedster, Turbo

911 Carrera

Cabriolet:

$56,450

Speedster: $65,480 Turbo: $70,975

Engine Displacement and Type:

911 Carrera Typ 930/25; 3,164 cc (193.0 cid)

S0HC Bosch DME

Digital

remapped Motronic 2 engine management system, Bosch

Motor Electronic

1 9

8 9

LE-Jetronic fuel injection system

3-way catalytic converter, oxygen sensor. Turbo: Typ

system,

930/68; 3,299 cc (201.3

KKK turbocharger and

cid)

S0HC Bosch

air-to-air intercooler,

K-Jetronic fuel injection

3-way catalytic

converter with oxygen sensor and secondary air injection

Maximum Horsepower @

rpm:

911

Carrera:

50

states:

214 SAE net @ 5,900 rpm Turbo:

Maximum Torque @

rpm:

282 SAE net @ 5,500 rpm

911

Carrera:

195

ft-lb

Turbo:

@

50 states

4,800 rpm

288 @ 4,000

Carrera coupe: 2,756 pounds

Weight:

Cabrio: 2,916 pounds add

110 pounds

for Turbo

Look

Speedster: 2,756 pounds Turbo: 2,976 pounds

0-60 mph:

911

Carrera: 6.1 seconds (factory)

Turbo: 5.3 seconds (factory)

Maximum Speed:

911

Carrera:

Cabrio:

149 mph (factory)

134 mph (top down) Car and Driver

mph for Turbo Look mph (factory) 157 mph (factory)

subtract 12

(wind resistance)

Speedster: 137 Turbo:

Carrera: power vented discs

Brakes:

Turbo: power vented and cross-drilled discs

ZF rack-and-pinion

Steering:

Suspension:

Tires:

Front:

MacPherson

Rear:

semi-trailing arms, transverse torsion bar, antisway bar

struts, torsion bars, antisway

205/55VR16

Front:

911

Rear:

205/55VR16 911 Carrera: 225/50VR16 Turbo: 245/45VR16

Carrera:

bar

Turbo:

Tire air pressure:

Front:

Transmission(s):

29

psi;

Front:

36

psi

Rear: 43 psi

29

911

G50/01 5-speed

Carrera:

Turbo:

Wheels:

Rear:

Turbo: Front:

911

psi;

U.S.

G50/50 5-speed

Carrera: 6.0Jxi6 Fuchs alloy

Turbo: 7.0JX16 Fuchs alloy

Rear:

911

Carrera: 8.0Jxl6 Fuchs alloy

Turbo: 9.0.1x16 Fuchs alloy

175

What they said 1989 Porsche Carrera. Road &

Track.

[recent] family sedans will generate performance

"Some

century old favorites. Time has not diminished the Carrera

because the 1989 Carrera

"That's good,

1989

at the time-Porsche for

May 1989

is in

s

numbers that a 911 Carrera can't match.

appeal, or changed

something

it

Yet people buy these quarter-

much.

of a holding pattern. For the third year in a row,

no modifications have

been made."

1989 Porsche Turbo, Road &

Track,

May 1989

"Though the new [five-speed] gearbox hardly makes a difference to standing start acceleration times, pleasant and relaxing to drive, as there selected. With third good for

as the

in

no need to rev the engine near redline to keep

109 miles per hour and fourth reaching over 130 before

1989 Carrera Speedster. Motor "We have

is

Trend, January

the Speedster a

bit of

much more advanced Carrera 2 well over

list

price for the car

'on song'

it

makes the car much more

when the

next higher gear

It's

built

on the old 911 chassis, yet even at

list

price,

it

costs about the

Cabriolet that will be available this winter. Consider the Speedster's drawbacks:

know

exactly

what

leaks

it

the rain and

in

it

It's

has an awkward manual top. Yet the people

they're buying into."

These are Kerns most commonly replaced during regular main-

$38.64

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

fac-

14.

Taillight

NLA means

15.

Windshield with antenna

factory parts no longer available so prices quoted are from after-

16.

Windshield weather stripping $90.48

market suppliers.

Interior:

tenance and routine daily operation. Prices quoted are list

price, not including installation labor.

for

new

Engine: 1.

Oil filter

$8.45

2.

Alternator belt

S6.61

3.

Starter

$389.63

4.

Alternator

$337.91

5.

Muffler

6.

Front

Left front fender

$1,199.60 $2,071.90

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$978.60

10.

Front deck

lid

$1,561.15

11.

Front deck

lit!

12.

Rear deck

iid

$68.57 complete

NLA

$400-$900

Front rotor

$109.04

Brake pads, front set

$51.17

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$145.00

23.

Front wheel

$734.31

24.

Rear wheel

$1,036.84

$1,383.40

(Turbo fender plus flare)

8.

Interior carpet,

21.

$581.48

bumper

19.

$447.30

knob

Chassis:

Body: 7.

Shift

$280.09

$378.77

20.

$1,000.17

Clutch disc

Dashboard

18.

lid

aftermarket

$1,000.17 (Turbo)

housing and lens

17.

Minor Service 15,000 miles approximately

$630.00 Turbo 15,000

$900.00

Major Service 30.000 miles approximately

$9.40 each

struts

$675.00

$14.24 each

struts

Turbo 30.000

$990.00

Ratings 1989 models, manual transmission

Accelet

911 Carrera

911 Carrera

911 Carrera

b

-

coupe

Targa

Cabrio

q

-

4r

4r

r

s t

176

-

-

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche. Alternator, see text.

New

transmission, clutch, see text.

Fuel lines, see text.

Power

same

got less

Parts List for 1989 911s tory parts at

is

needed, the gears are now nicely stepped."

1990

an anomaly:

displacement, less power, no ABS, no power steering, no back seat,

who pay

fifth is

it

top, improves comfort, risks

jamming, see

text.

Ratings

continued

1989 models, manual transmission, continued Turbo coupe Turbo Targa

(2)

Turbo

1989 models, manual transmission, continued

(4)

Cabriolet

Turbo-Look

Turbo-Look

coupe

Targa

Cabrio 3.5r

Turbo-Look

Acceleration

5r

5r

4.5r

Comfort

5

4.5

4.5t

Acceleration

4r

4r

Handling

4.5

4

4

Comfort

4.5

4

4.51

Parts

4

3.5b

4

Handling

5

4.5

4

Reliability

3.5qrs

3.5qrs

3qrst

Parts

4

3.5b

4

Reliability

3.5qrs

3.5qrs

3qrst

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche.

b-

q r

-

s t

Alternator, see text.

•

New

transmission, clutch, see text.

Power

r

top, improves comfort, risks

-

q

Fuel lines, see text.

-

-

b

jamming, see

text.

s t

1989 models, manual transmission, continued

-

-

-

-

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche. Alternator, see text.

New

transmission, clutch, see text.

Fuel lines, see text.

Power

top, improves comfort, risks

Slant-Nose

Slant Nose

Slant Nose

Turbo coupe

Targa

Cabrio

Acceleration

5r

5r

4.5r

Acceleration

3.5r

Comfort

5

4.5

5t

Comfort

3

Handling

4.5

4

4

Handling

4

Parts

3.5u

3.5bu

3.5u

Parts

3.5v

Reliability

3.5qrs

3.5qrs

3qrst

Reliability

3.5qrs

b

-

q

-

r

s t

-

u

1989 models, manual transmission, continued

q

Alternator, see text,

r

-

s

-

v

-

transmission, clutch, see text,

Fuel lines, see text. top, improves comfort, risks

jamming, see

(5)

Alternator, see text,

New

transmission, clutch, see text,

Fuel lines, see text.

Speedster fiberglass "humps" very costly to replace.

text,

Factory Slant Nose steel body panels extremely costly

-

any angle, others swooned, and then wrote checks. Styling chief Tony Lapine pulled visual cues from the over the lower, raked-back windscreen, troversial

-

New

Power

text.

911 Carrera Speedster

Targa roofs no longer available from Porsche,

-

jamming, see

(3)

element of

Bott fitted the car with a

the humps.

It is

with practice

it

manual

entirely.

Lapine and

top, only, that they stored below

a tricky operation to raise and lower the top, but

can be done very

engine without cylinder head gaskets); dual-mass flywheels; and dual-distributor drive belt failures. exist, all

humps" that covered the

area-the seats were removed

rear luggage

carried

and added the most con-

the "twin camel

all,

356 models and

quickly. For

more information,

The

964 in

first year,

1989 1/2,

line-up through

their operation

choices for owners els

None

problems

will still

and those

in

Carrera 4s (and those through the

model year 1993) were somewhat "chunky"

and generally now are regarded as excellent in

the

snowy environs.

993 and 996

Later production

families are

extremely comfortable as a daily driver

see Chapter Two, devoted entirely to Porsche's open cars.

of these

having been remedied through recalls and routine service.

in all

much

C4 mod-

refined

and

climates.

Then mid-year, Porsche introduced model year 1990 Typ 964 Carrera

wheel

4

with subtle

drive,

new

styling.

immediately upon Peter Schutz's this car

body,

came

a

new

full-time all-

Porsche's

Porsche

in

1981. With

many changes

in

the unitized

arrival at

3.6-liter engine,

and introduction

viability of

The "4" designated

completing a project Ferdinand Piech had advocated

of antilock brakes.This

model reenergized the

911 model. The 964 was

first

available only as

an all-wheel-drive coupe, but within months Porsche introduced the Cabrio and Targa and offered the three body styles

4 all-wheel and Carrera 2 rear-wheel This radically

teething

new car

drive

both Carrera

quickly suffered serious mechanical

problems, including consequential

head-to-cylinder-head

in

models.

leaking

oil

leaks;

cylinder-

problems (Porsche devised

an

177

Problems with (and Improvements to) Porsche 911 models.

New 1,050-watt

Speedster offers world's most complicated top.

own

Comes

with

and spike

operator's manual. Top can

be raised or lowered

easily

in

30

to

life

of only

40,000

fail,

it

speed up or slow while on same the battery smell.

If

Can

lock on

components. As

overcharges battery. Headlights

surge brighter and dimmer, heater or

30 seconds.

miles.

voltage, burning out other electric

alternator begins to

minutes, but with practice, this

comes down

alternator incorporates voltage regulator;

however, has average

its

air

setting.

conditioner fans

will will

Overcharging makes

you notice a noxious odor,

it

is

most

likely

the alternator overcharging the battery. This continues through till

Check engine compartment line

and, after replacing

CO.

If

it,

midyear 1989, as from 1982.

fuel

reset

the fuel line needs

replacement

is

it

a

$500

part,

plus installation. This problem

continues through midyear 1989. It

is difficult

engine

still

to

in

do properly

car;

with

should remove

engine, as from 1984,

*«] '

v

u

?;i i

Silver Ai

y

model -

black.

ake caliper piston 0-rings, as

1984.

H^Hi^^^BHHH i

weather sealing forTarga

roofs, a

This

is

Brake master cylinders leak. A

problem since 1967.

no improvement, but

problem

remedied

finally

mid-1989

it

for

in

model year 1990

now incorporates the molding

cars.

into the rubber,

release after being applied. This

as from 1988.

The brakes would not

fully

resulted from pedal bushings stiffening up, or

to rust

calipers.

Heater blowers

1975;

fail,

acting

as from

fail,

in

the

Brake hoses swelled shut

like

a one-way valve. This

problem disappeared with the

front fresh air blowers

continue to

being swollen due

The pistons stuck

introduction of

as from 1969

its

resulting

power brakes and

complete redesign of

the brake system, but

all

cylinders can leak after years, as from

master

about 10

1965.

problem appearing. The

flexible

portions of the fuel lines from the tank into

body-down

the

the tunnel at the center of

the car-then out of the tunnel to the

engine, are beginning to rot from age and

ozone exposure, causing pressure, especially

75

psi.

There

is

a

in

fuel leaks at high

CIS cars, at about

fire risk.

These leaks can

be seen only from underneath the

car.

If

you smell fuel or see a puddle that smells like

This All

clutch updates

Many

now standard.

special editions.

gas, is

do not

remedied

start the car, in

new type

as from 1973. of fuel line

on model year 1990 cars,

Electric seats operation,

fittings

as from 1985.

introduced mid-year, 1989.

—

Chai

The New "L" Program If You Add 25 Years to 911, You Get 964 "Remarkably stable, wickedly drive, this

911 comes as

Car and Driver judged is

fast,

a pointed

in its

to

From early production 1989 1/2 C4 models through model

the face of doubters."

year 1991. the engines, designed to function without a cylinder

and astoundingly easy

fist in

August 1989 road

test.

"Here at last

a finely conceived, exquisitely built, ruggedly rocketlike

German

sports car that redefines the delivery of all-out road performance

and cylinder

via four-wheel drive."

fit

While the magazines had test models the paying public had to wait

until

midmodel

in late

summer 1989.

year. Within six

months.

Porsche then released the rear-wheel-drive Carrera 2, and now offered both technologies

in

coupe. Cabrio, and Targa body

Where the previous Porsche model, boasted that

it

Carrera. the

was 80 percent new.

Porsche announced that

3.2-liter

1984

parts,

pieces such as the floor pan and suspen-

sion, engine, driveline,

and brakes. For model year 1990. Porsche

also

made

and passenger

driver

(They were not offered on the

air

bags standard equipment.

1989 1/2 C4 models.)

Porsche began production of the C4 the

C2 models

in

deeper

January 1989 and

barrels,

oil skirts.

as well as machine work on the crankcase to Porsche covered this

many more

in

cars than oil

leaks

past the through-bolt 0-rings and from the timing chain housing.

These repairs would cost about $5,000. including parts and It

is

most

models. In

stat

If

that this work already has been

likely

leading to and from

mounted the

right rear it

front

noise

Weissach created

failure

oil

lines

G50

was Porsche's

double-mass

fly-

was causing a

rat-

this

vibration from the engine that

the Getrag

in

cooler's thermo-

leaked and failed.

flywheel.

dampen

oil

wheel. The housing and the

Perhaps the new model's most notable

new dual-mass

tling

labor.

done on these

you are looking at one of these, be sure to ask.

addition. Porsche

housing at the

wheel to

Weissach engineers enlarged the bore

was not minor

leaks. This

those few that actually were affected. There were also

with this model.

had replaced 85 percent of the

it

it

styles.

some major

including

transmission. Freudenberg produced

this flywheel that

took the rubber elements out of the clutch plate

from 95 millimeters to 100 and lengthened stroke from 74.4

and put them

the flywheel.

millimeters to 76.4. creating an overall total displacement of

sistently, this

3.605

cc. or

the disc liner springs to lose tension. Or the rubber

Digital

Motor Electronics, or Motronic system, developed 247

in

July.

219.9

cid.

The engine, controlled by the Bosch

SAE net horsepower (and 250 DIN duced 229 SAE net The new engine :

It

ft- lb

utilized

exhaust port

Jers to the

was

of torque

net) at

6.100 rpm and

(228 DIN

net) at

liners that

and

reduced heat transfer from the

heads.

distributors that are belt driven.

It

is

i.The engine runs horribly the other

is firing

nally

the

and a

If

the driver slipped the clutch conlining,

and caused

damper has

In

May 1992. Porsche replaced the Freudenberg

flywheels with

the "LUK" update, which has the starter ring gear welded to the wheel. Again, this most

likely

a

little

and

would indicate loose or fallen

ondary flywheel mounting flywheel that has

any car you may look

in

certain, let the clutch out very slowly

"clank." (These

come

fly-

has been updated under warranty or

repaired outside of warranty (about $1,100)

at To be

not a perfect system. The engine used twin spark plugs

in

overheated the clutch, burned the

broken after getting overheated.

pro-

4.800 rpm.

hydraulic timing chain tensioners

]|

180

head gasket, experienced cylinder head

weeping, but serious leaking. The repair required replacing pistons

bolts, or

listen carefully for

starter gear or sec-

the heat shield on the secondary

loose or has broken.)

If

the Freudenberg dual-mass flywheel has broken.

you hear the clank,

Do not

drive this car.

As Porsche models became more electronically intensive and mechanically complex,

it's

important to understand that

if

they are

1989 1/2 Specifications Body Designation

New Typ 964

Price:

964 Carrera 4 coupe: $69,500 911 Carrera

Engine Displacement and Type:

930/25; 3,605

Typ

1

"L" Series

Carrera 4

219.9 cid S0HC,Bosch

cc,

Digital

9 O

Motor Electronic (DME)

management system

Maximum Horsepower @ Maximum Torque @ rpm:

rpm:

Carrera 4: 247 SAE net Carrera 4:

Weight:

228

ft-lb

@

@

6,100 rpm

4,200 rpm

Carrera 4: 3,252 pounds

0-60 mph:

Carrera 4: 5.7 seconds (factory)

Maximum Speed:

Carrera 4: 162

Brakes:

Carrera: power, vented disk brakes

w/ABS Steering:

mph

(factory)

antilocking brake system

hydraulically assisted rack-and-pinion

Suspension:

Tires:

Tire air pressure:

Front:

MacPherson

Rear:

semi-trailing arms, coil springs, antisway bar

Front:

911

Carrera:

205/55ZR16

Rear:

911

Carrera:

225/50ZR16

Front:

psi;

964

Rear:

36

Front:

wishbones, coil springs, antisway bar

psi

36

Rear: 43 psi

psi;

G50/01 5-speed

911

Carrera:

Front:

911

Carrera: 6.0.1x15 Fuchs alloy

Rear:

911

Carrera: 8.0Jxl6 Fuchs alloy

Transmission(s):

Wheels:

29 Typ

struts, lower

U.S.

What they

said at the timePorsche for 1989 1/2 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^_

1989 1/2 Porsche Carrera

a

4,

Car and Driver, August 1989

"We once wanted

to read the

"The Carrera 4

the most technically sophisticated 911 ever to enter series production.

3.6-liter,

is

rear-mounted

seamless as a

flat six

minds

of the people

who create Porsches. Years

while they are ailing.

964-or 993 difficult.

ty is

By the same token, as a potential buyer, you don't need

to

still

miles. Cars with

80,000

very strong. You could have a failure

low on

oil,

if

or

90,000 miles

are

the previous owner ran

used the wrong heat range of plugs, or consistently

lugged the engine, that rpm. For

many

by driving their cars.

it

.

rousing marriage of four-wheel drive,

is,

first-time

consistently shifted gears below

Porsche buyers (and the

3,000

reliability

of

these vehicles has inspired a number of new owners to buy a

or 996). running the engine past

4,500 rpm

is

They think they are doing something wrong. Yet the

that

if

very reali-

they don't run these engines up, they are doing some-

thing very harmful.

Porsche largely revised the suspension

worry about the insides of these engines. They don't lose com-

150,000

A

producing 247 horsepower and a stout platform with a redesigned suspension creates a whole as

The problems get more expensive the longer you drive them

pression at

we've learned to do

ball bearing."

running poorly, you want to shut them down as quickly as possible.

later,

retaining

MacPherson

sion bars at the rear for coil springs similar to what's

dling

once and

axle from the

up

for

the

new 964,

struts in front but trading the long-lived tor-

front. In

for all, the

928 models

and tubular shock absorbers,

an obvious attempt

to

tame the han-

engineers adapted the Weissach rear with

its

"track correction" capabilities,

mimicking a subtle four-wheel steering. This led to criticism

initially

181

tamed the rear-engined cars too much.

that the engineers

Yet others vigorously disagree, liking Lagaay's lines strongly.

Lapine retained Butzi's stovepipe headlight fenders but round-

com-

ed things so effectively that he and the aerodynamicists cut

models understeered and plowed

mon

criticism for a

plish

was

to

ing the rear

in

turns, not a previously

911. What the Weissach rear axle did accom-

almost completely eliminate the possibility of hang-

end

out.

It

took real work. With the

C4 models,

required a disastrous screw-up to get the car loose at

The Typ 964 was the

From the viewpoint Porsche's original

182

In fact,

with the additional weight up front, the Carrera 4 all-wheel-drive

of

911

many

observers,

it

critics

marks

for his evolutionary

Lapine's

successor,

improved on Butzi

These

Harm Lagaay. lower

993 and 996 models

drag-Cd-from 0.395

that followed.

to 0.32, a significant

difference that affects wind noise and fuel

economy as

well as

aesthetics. They did this not only by using thermoplastic front

and rear bumpers but also by

all.

design project of Tony Lapine.

lines without destroying the form.

same

give

final

it

the Coefficient of

fitting a flat undertray.

one could understand, however, was why. with

this

What no

more round-

ed body. Porsche retained the rectangular, flat-backed outside mirrors. ally

Many buyers

later

replaced them with the more visu-

appealing aero-mirrors from

became

available

in late

1992

for

Lagaay's

993 when

model year 1993.

they

1990 Specifications Body Designation

Typ

Price:

964

964 Carrera

2,

Spnpc

"L"

4

Carrera 2 coupe: 858,500

Carrera Tiptronic: $63,650 Cabriolet:

$66,800

$59,900

Targa:

964 Carrera 4 coupe: $69,500 Cabriolet:

Engine Displacement and Type:

$66,800

$70,900

Targa:

Carrera 2,4: Typ

M64/01; 3,605

cc.

management system, 64/02

(Typ

Maximum Horsepower @ Maximum Torque §> rpm:

rpm:

S0HC Bosch

cid,

Digital

Motor Electronic (DME)

as above for Tiptronic models)

Carrera 2, 4: 247 SAE Carrera 2, 4: 228

Weight:

219.9

dual-spark.twin-plugs

ft-lb

@ @

6.100 rpm

4,200 rpm

Carrera 2 coupe: 3.031 pounds Carrera 4 coupe: 3,252 pounds

Carrera 2: 3,031

56 pounds

Tiptronic add:

0-60 mph:

Carrera 2: 5.5 seconds (factory) Carrera 4: 5.7 seconds (factory)

Carrera 2/Tiptronic: 6.4 seconds (factory)

Maximum Speed:

Carrera 2, 4: 162 Carrera 2 Tip: 161

Brakes:

mph (factory) mph (factory)

Carrera: power vented disk brakes

w/ABS Steering:

antilocking brake system

hydraulically assisted rack-and-pinion

Suspension:

Tires:

Front:

MacPherson

Rear:

semi-trailing arms, coil springs with toe correction

Front:

Carrera:

205/55ZR16

Rear:

Carrera:

225/50ZR16

36

struts with telescoping

Rear: 43 psi

Tire air pressure:

Front:

Transmission(s):

G64/00 5-speed Carrera 2: G50/03 5-speed Tiptronic: G50/01 Carrera 4:

Wheels:

Front:

Carrera: 6.0.1x16 Fuchs alloy

Rear:

Carrera: 8.0.1x16 Fuchs alloy

What they 911 Carrera

2,

psi;

shock absorbers, lower control arms

said at the time-Porsche for

1990

Autosport. January 1990

"Arguably, the biggest

change previous 911 owners

will

notice

is

that the clumsy, overcenter clutch

smoothness and weighting, and the gear change has been improved out

of

all

now works

with impeccable

recognition."

Carrera 2 Tiptronic, Car South Africa, September 1990

"Although this in

is

a proper torque converter transmission, adding

0-100 times and 2.5 miles per hour

overrun upshifts raising idle revs

when you

lift

in

off before a

when the engine

top speed,

bend.

It

it

some 66 pounds

to the car's weight

and costing about one second

avoids both ratio changes in a corner (by reading lateral acceleration) and

also senses braking, to avoid

sudden power changes on slippery surfaces, while

is cold."

183

I

What they Carrera 4, Road

"Of ferential,

all

&

Track,

said at the time

the components you don't readily see, none

mounted

continued

March 1990 edge

at the leading

of a

is

more important than the Carrera 4

s

all-wheel drive system.

new five-speed gearbox, uses a planetary gear and an

when the

clutch to send 31 percent of the engine's output to the front wheels and 69 percent to the rear. But

sensors detect slippage at any corner, power

ABS

is

reapportioned so that optimal traction

is

A center

maintained at

all

car's

wheel-mounted

times."

Parts List for 1990 911s $14.24 each

12.

Rear deck

maintenance and routine

daily operation. Prices

for

13.

Porsche badge, front deck

new

price, not including installation labor.

14.

Taillight

15.

Windshield with antenna

16.

Windshield weather stripping $89.69

These are items most commonly replaced during regular

factory parts at

list

NLA means factory parts no longer

quoted are

available so prices quoted are

from aftermarket suppliers.

lid

struts lid

housing and lens

$38.64

$186.50 $647.80

Interior:

17.

Dashboard

$452.90

18.

Shift

knob

$180.50

$9.38

19.

Interior carpet,

$387.44

Chassis:

Alternator

$615.00

20.

Front rotor

$100.97

Muffler

$942.90

21.

Front brake pad set

(C2)

Clutch disc

$510.73

22.

Koni rear shock absorber

$208.00

23.

Front wheel

$509.30

24.

Rear wheel

$577.84

Engine: 1.

Oil filter

$8.45

2.

Alternator belt

3.

Starter

4. 5. 6.

Body

bumper

$1,249.96

7.

Front

8.

Left front fender

$1,038.91

9.

Right rear quarter panel

$1,079.94

10.

Front deck

lid

$1,426.00

11.

Front deck

lid

$18.50

struts

complete

Minor Service: 15,000 miles or service:

30,000

$900.00 aftermarket

$64.88

$900.00

i

ea