Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 2: Jews and the Emerging Polish State [1 ed.] 9781909821538, 9781874774242

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THE INSTITUTE FOR POLISH-JEWISH STUDIES

The Institute for Polish-Jewish Studies in Oxford and its sister organization, the American Association for Polish-Jewish Studies, which publish Polin, are learned societies which were established in 1984, following the First International Conference on Polish-Jewish Studies, held in Oxford. The Institute is an associate institute of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew andJewish Studies, and the American Association is linked with the Department of Near Eastern andJudaic Studies at Brandeis University. Both the Institute and the American Association aim to promote understanding of the Polish Jewish past. They have no building or library of their own and no paid staff; they achieve their aims by encouraging scholarly research and facilitating its publication, and by creating forums for people with a scholarly interest in Polish Jewish topics, both past and present. To this end the Institute and the American Association help organize lectures and international conferences. Venues for these activities have included Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, the Hebrew University inJerusalem, the Institute for the Study of Human Sciences in Vienna, King's College in London, theJagiellonian University in Krakow, the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, the University of L6c:IZ, University College London, and the Polish Cultural Centre and the Polish embassy in London. They have encouraged academic exchanges between Israel, Poland, the United States, and western Europe. In particular they seek to help train a new generation of scholars, in Poland and elsewhere, to study the culture and history of the Jews in Poland. Each year since 1987 the Institute has published a volume of scholarly papers in the series Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry under the general editorship of Professor Antony Polonsky of Brandeis University. Since 1994 the series has been published on its behalf by the Littman Library ofJewish Civilization, and since 1998 the publication has been linked with the American Association as well. In March 2000 the entire series was honoured with a National Jewish Book Award from the Jewish Book Council in the United States. More than twenty other works on PolishJewish topics have also been published with the lnstitute's assistance. For further information on the Institute for Polish-Jewish Studies or the American Association for Polish-Jewish Studies, contact . For the website of the American Association for Polish-Jewish Studies, see .

THE LITTMAN LIBRARY OF JEWISH CIVILIZATION

Dedicated tv the memory ef LOUIS THOMAS SIDNEY LITTMAN who founded the littman library for the love ef God and as an act ef charity in memory efhis father JOSEPH AARON LITTMAN 111::1 D1:JT ~i1'

'Get wisdom, get understanding: Forsake her not and she shall preserve thee' PROV.

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Tht Littman Library ef]l!Wish Civilization is a registered UK chari!J Registered chari!J na. 1000784

POLIN STUDIES IN POLISH JEWRY "' "' "' "' "' "' "' "' "' "' "' "' "' "'"'A'"'"'"'"" " '" '" '" '" "' '" '" '" '"

Jews and the Emerging Polish State VOLUME TWO

Edited by

ANTONY POLONSKY nr

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Publishedfor

The Institute for Polish-Jewish Studies and The American Association for Polish-Jewish Studies

Oxford · Portland, Oregon

The Littman Library ofJewish Civilization

1he littman library ofJewish Ci:oi/ization

Chief Executive Officer: Ludo Craddock Managing Editor: Connu Webber PO Box 645, O'fford ox2 OUJ, www.littman.co.uk

UK

Published in the United States and Canada by 1he littman library ofJewish Civilkation cl o ISBS, 920 N.E. 58th Avenue, Suite 300 Portl.and, Oregon 97213-3786

First publislwl in hardback 1987 by Basil Blackwell Ltd First issuml in paperback 2008 First digital on-demand edition 2oo8

© InstituUfor Polish-Jewish Studies 198;, 2008

All rights reserved. No part efthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieoal vstem, or transmitted, in II'!)'form or by any means, witlwut the prior permission in writing ef The Littman Library '![Jewish Civilization.

The paperback edition ef this book is sold sul!fect to the condition that it shall no; by W'!)' eftratk or otherwise, be Im; re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated witlwut the publisher's prior consent in II'!)' fa1111 efbinding or cover other than that in which it is publislwl and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser A catalogue recordfor this book is mmilabk.from the British Library

ISSN 0268 1056

ISBN 97~r-9041(;-7~2

Publishing co-ordinator: Janet Moth CODer design: Pete Russell Faringdon, Oxon. Printed in Great Britain by Lightning Source UK, Milton ~. and in the United States by Lightning Source US, La Vergne, Tennessee

This book has been printed digitally and produced in a standard specification in order to ensure its continuing ovailabiJ#y.

This volume is dedicated to the memory ef ERIC SOSNOW

journalist, businessman, and philanthropist born Kolno, Poland, I9IO died limdon, 20 February I987

His a,dvice and support were crucial to the establishment ef both the Institu,t,e efPolislrJewish Studies and thisyearbook The Institute for Polish-Jewish Studies, which sponsors Polin, has benefited from the support of the following:

Mrs Sylvia Sosnow, Mr and Mrs Ronnie Fattal, Mr Felix Posen, the M. B. Grabowski Fund, the Lanckoronski Foundation, the AmericanJewish Committee, the Polish American Congress, the Anti-Defamation League ofB'nai B'rith, Commentary magazine, the Oxford Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies, Gadsby & Hannah; Paisner & Co., Miller, Brener & Co., and the American Foundation for Polish-Jewish Studies

Editors and Advisers Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska, Lublin Israel Barta!, Jerusalem Antony Polonsky (Chair), Waltham, Mass. Michael Steinlauf, Philadelphia Jerzy Tomaszewski, Warsaw EDITORS

Chimen Abramsky, London David Assaf, Tel Aviv Wladyslaw T. Bartoszewski, Warsaw Glenn Dynner, Bronxville, .NY David Engel, New York David Fishman, New York ChaeRan Freeze, Waltham, Mass. JozefGierowski, KrakOw Jacob Goldberg, Jerusalem Yisrael Gutman, Jerusalem Jerzy Kloczowski, Lublin Ezra Mendelsohn, Jerusalem Joanna Michlic, Stockton, .NY

Elchanan Reiner, Tel Aviv Jehuda Reinharz, Waltham, Mass. Moshe Rosman, Tel Aviv Szymon Rudnicki, Warsaw Henryk Samsonowicz, Warsaw Robert Shapiro, New York Adam Teller, Haifa Daniel Toilet, Paris Piotr S. Wandycz, New Haven, Conn. Jonathan Webber, Birmingham, UK Joshua Zimmerman, New York Steven Zipperstein, Stariford, Calif.

Wladyslaw Bartoszewski, Warsaw Jan Blomki, KrakOw Abraham Brumberg, Washington Andrzej Chojnowski, Warsaw Tadeusz Chrzanowski, KrakOw Andrzej Ciechanowiecki, London Norman Davies, London Victor Erlich, New Haven, Conn. Frank Golczewski, Hamburg Olga Goldberg, Jerusalem Feliks Gross, New York Czeslaw Hernas, Wroclaw Jerzy Jedlicki, Warsaw Andrzej Karnimki, London

Hille! Levine, Boston Lucjan Lewitter, Cambridge, Mass. Stanislaw Litak, Lublin Heinz-Dietrich Lowe, Heidelberg Emanuel Meltzer, Tel Aviv Shlomo Netzer, Tel Aviv Zbigniew Pekzynski, O'fford Alexander Schenker, New Haven, Conn. David Sorkin, Madison, Wis. Edward Stankiewicz, New Haven, Conn. Norman Stone, Ankara Shmuel Werses, Jerusalem Jacek Woiniakowski, Lublin Piotr Wrobel, Toronto

EDITORIAL BOARD

ADVISORY BOARD

CONTENTS

STATEMENT FROM THE EDITORS

1

SYMPOSIUM: JEWS AND THE EMERGENCE OF AN INDEPENDENT POLISH STATE

3

Eugene C. Black Lucien Wolf and the Making of Poland: Paris 1919 Paul Latawski The Dmowski-Namier Feud, 1915-1918 Jozef Lewandowski History and Myth: Pinsk, April 1919 Daniel Stone Polish Diplomacy and the American-Jewish Community between the Wars George). Lerski Dmowski, Paderewski and Americanjews (A Documentary Compilation) ARTICLES Sh. A. Cygielman The Basic Privileges of the Jews of Great Poland as Reflected in Polish Historiography Eli Lederhendler The Decline of the Polish-Lithuanian Kahal Anna Zuk A Mobile Class. The Subjective Element in the Social Perception ofJews: The Example of Eighteenth Century Poland Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka Polish Synagogues in the Nineteenth Century Mieczyslaw Inglot The image of the Jew in Polish Narrative Prose of the Romantic Period Michael G. Steinlauf The Polish-Jewish Daily Press Szymon Rudnicki From 'Numerus Clausus' to 'Numerus Nullus' DOCUMENTS David Engel The Polish Government-in-Exile and the Holocaust: Stanislaw Kot's Confrontation with Palestinianjewry, November 1942-January 1943Selected Documents Bernadeta Tendyra The Stanislaw Kot Collection, Warsaw

5 37 50 73 95

117 150 163 179 199 219 246

269 310

viii

CONTENTS

COMMENTARY Jan Blonski The Poor Poles Look at the Ghetto Polish-Jewish Relations During the Second World War: A Discussion REVIEW ESSAYS Edward Rogerson Images ofJewish Poland in the Post-war Polish Cinema Andrzej Bryk The Holocaust- Jews and Gentiles. In Memory of the Jews of Pacan6w Wladyslaw T. Bartoszewski Jews as a Polish Problem

BOOK REVIEWS Nahum Gross (ed.) rehudim ha-Kalka/ah by Jacob Litman Jonathan I. Israel European Jewry in the Age of Mercanti/ism: 1550-1750 by Gershon David Hundert Lucy S. Dawidowicz The Golden Tradition. Jewish Life and Thought in Eastern Europe by Jerzy Tomaszewski Joseph Weiss Studies in Eastern European Jewish Mysticism (edited by David Goldstein) by Joseph Dan Mathias Bersohn Kitka slOw o dawniejszych bOi:.nicach drewnianych w Po/see by David Dawidowicz Magdalena Opalski The Jewish Tavern-Keeper and his Tavern in Nineteenth Century Polish Literature by R. F. Leslie ·Stevenj. Zipperstein The Jews of Odessa: A Cultural History by Joseph Salmon Stephen M. Berk rear of Crisis, rear of Hope. Russian Jewry and The Pogroms of 1881-1882 by Alexander Orbach Hans Rogger Jewish Policies and Right- Wing Politics in Imperial Russia by Dominic Lieven Hans Rogger Jewish Policies and Right- Wing Politics in Imperial Russia by Daniel Grinberg Heide W. Whelan Alexander Ill and the State Council: Bureaucracy and Counter-Reform in Late Imperial Russia by John D. Klier Mary Antin The Promised Land by Moses Rischin John Bodnar The Transplanted: A History of Immigrants in Urban America by Eli Lederhendler Michael R. Weisser A Brotherhood of Memory: Jewish Landsmanshaftn in the New World by Jonathan Webber Henryk Piasecki Secja