Physical Chemistry for JEE (Advanced): Part 1, 3rd edition [3 ed.] 9353503868, 9789353503864

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Contents

1.

1.1-1.94

Solid State

1.5

1.1

Introduction

1.2

General Characteristics of Solid State

1.5

1.3

Classification of Solids

1.5

1.3.1 Crystalline Solids

1.5

1.3.2 Amorphous Solids Classification of Crystalline Solids

1.5

1.4.1 1.4.2

1.6 1.7 1.8

1.16.3

Simple lonic Compounds of Type AB, (Fluorite Type) Simple lonic Compounds of Type 2A,B

(Antifluorite Type)

1.38 1.40 1.40

1.6

1.16.4 Relation Between Edge Length a and Radius of Cation and Anion in lonic Compounds 1.17 Structure of Diamond

1.41 42

Molecular Solids

1.6

1.18 Spinel Structures

142

Metallic Solids Covalent or Network Solids

1.6 1.7 1.10 1.11

Lattice Five Types of Two-Dimensional 1.7.1 Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells (3D) 1.8.1 Primitive and Centred Unit Cells

Lattices 1.12

1.8.2 Seven Crystal System Effective Number of Atoms (Z) in a Unit Cell

1.9 1.10 Atomic Radius and Shortest Distances in Cubic System 1.11 Coordination Number (CN) 1.12 Packing Fraction (PF) or Space Occupied by Atoms in a Cubic System

1.13 1.13 1.14

1.16 1.23 1.24

1.19.1 Structure of the Oxides of Iron

Unit Cell Dimensions 1.14 Close-packed Structures 1.14.1 Coordinate Number (CN) of hcp and ccp Structures 1.14.2 Relationship Between Formula of a Compound and Number of Voids Filled 1.14.3 Stacking Sequence 1.14.4 Location of Tetrahedral and

T.23

1.31 1.31 1.32

in Some lonic

1.38

Compounds

Unit Cell 1.23

1.38

1.42 1.42 1.43

1.43 1.45

1.45 46

Effect of Temperature and Pressure on a Crystal Structure

1.47

1.24.1 Weiss Indices

1.52 1.53

1.24.2 Miller Indices

1.53

1.24.3 d-Spacings

1.53 1.53

1.24 Hauy's Law of Rational Indices

Concept Application Exercise 1.1 1.25 Polymorphism and Allotropy

1.26 1.28

1.32 1.35 1.35

Compounds

1.20 Perovskite Structure 1.21 Rutile Structure 1.22 Calculation of Effective Atoms in an hcp

1.24.4 Interplanar Distances for Cubic System

1.13 Calculation ofthe Density of a Metal by Using

1.16 Structures of Simple lonic

1.18.2 Inverse Spinel Structures 1.19 Corundum Structure

1.8

X-ray Study of Crystals

Octahedral Voids 1.15 Structure of lonic Crystals 1.15.1 Radius Ratio Rules 1.15.2 Coordination Number

1.18.1 Normal Spinel Structures

1.7

1.4.3 1.4.4 lonic Solids Types of Symmetry in Crystals

1.5

1.16.2

1.1

Overview

14

1.16.1 Simple lonic Compounds of Type AB

1.25.1 Isomorphism and Isopolymorphism 1.26 Imperfections in Solids 1.26.1 Electronic Imperfections 1.26.2 Atomic or Point Defects 1.26.3 Line Defects or Dislocations 1.27 Electrical Properties of Solids

1.27.1 Conduction of Electricity in Metals

1.35 .56 1.57

1.57 1.58 1.58 1.61

1.62 1.62

1.27.2 Conduction of Electricity in

Semiconductors 1.27.3 Electron-Rich Impurities 1.27.4 Electron-Deficit Impurities

1.27.5 Applications of n-Type andp-1ype Semiconductors

1.63 1.63 1.63

1.63

vi

Properties of 1.28 Magnetic

Concept Application Exercise 2.3

1.63

Contents

Solids

1.64

Solved Examples Concept Application Exercise 2.4

1.64

Exercises

1.64

1.28.1 Paramagnetism 1.28.2 Diamagnetism 1.28.3 Ferromagnetism 1.28.4 Antiferromagnetism

Dielectric 1.29.1

Summarization

of Dielectric Properties

of Polar Crystals Concept Application Sohved Examples Exercises

Exercise 1.2

1.66 .75

Answers Key

1.89

31

1.90

3.2

Solid Solution Gaseous Solution

2.5

Overview

Introduction Types of Solution

2.2.1 2.2.2

2.5

2.3

2.2.3 Liquid Solution Methods of Expressing the Concentration of a Solution and "n*" Factor

2.5

2.4

Solubility of a Gas in a Liquid

2.5

2.4.1

Solubility of a Solid in a Liquid

2.6 2.8

Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solution

2.9

2.1

Raoult's Law 2.7.1 Raoult's Law as a Special Case of

2.9

Henry's Law

2.7.2

2.8

Measurement of Electrode Potential

3.11

Concept Application Exercise 2.1

2.21 2.21

Azeotropic Mixtures

2.10 Colligative Properties 2.10.1 Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure 2.10.2 Elevation in Boiling Point

3.3.2

2.10.3 Depression in Freezing Point Concept Application Exercise 2.2

3.4

3.6

Method Electrochemical Series 3.6.1 Electropositive Chàracter

3.13 3.13 3.15

Nernst Equation 3.7.1 Effect of Concentration on EMF of

3.17

3.7

Cells and Half Cells

(for an Electrode Mn* | M) 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4

3.8

3.18

EMF of Hydrogen Electrode in Different Concentrations of H* lons Equilibrium Constant from Nernst

3.18

Equation (Ee0.0 V)

3.18

Electrochemical Cell and Gibbs Energy

3.8.2

Electrolytic Solutions

3.19 3.19

Relation Between Standard Potential of Half Cells Containing a Metal in Different Oxidation State

3.

2.52

Electrochemical Reaction

Temperature

3.9

3.17

EMF of the Cell for a General

of the Reaction Variation of EMF (E) with 3.8.1

3.11

Electrolytic Solution

3.13

Measurement of EMF by Potentiometer

2.50

2.12.1 Calculation ofthe Extent of Dissociation or Association in an

3.12

Difference Between Potential Difference

3.5

Abnormal Molar Masses:

2.12 Van't Hoff Factor

3.12

Rules for Assigning Positive or Negative

and EMF

2.32

2.50 2.50

of

Sign to Electrode Potentials

2.23

2.24 2.28

Determination

Electrode Potential

of an Electrode

2.11

2.9

2.11

3.10

3.3.1

2.9

2.10

3.9 3.9 3.10

3.2.2 Galvanic Cell1 Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) and

Raoult's Law for a Solution

Containing Volatile Components Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions

3.1

Introduction Electrochemical cell 3.2.1 Portable Daniell Cell

Henry's Law in the Form of Mole Fraction

2.5 2.6

3.3

2.1-2.92

2.1 2.4 2.4 2.4

3.1-3.114

Electrochemistry Overview

Solutions

2.2

Archives

1.85

Answers Key

2.1

2.89 2.89 2.92

1.66

3.

2.86

Numerical Value Type

Multiple Correct Answers Type

Archives

2.

1.65

1.91 92 1.94

2.83 2.88

1.75

Matrix Match Type Numerical Value Type

2.72

Matrix Match Type

Single Cornrect Answer T+ype

Linked Comprehension Type

2.72

Linked Comprehension Type

1.65

Properties of Solids

2.70

Multiple Correct Answers Type

1.64 1.29

2.62

Single Correct Answer Type

1.64

1.28.5 Ferrimagnetism

2.62

3.26

Concentration Cells

3.26

3.9.1 3.9.2

3.26 3.27 3.31

Electrolytic Concentration Cells Electrode Concentration Cells

Various Types of Half Cells Relation Between EMF, Solubility, and Solubility Product of a Sparingly Soluble Salt

Concept Application Exercise 3.1 3.12 Electrolysis 3.12.1 Qualitative Electrolysis

3.35 3.36 3.37 3.37

Contents

3.12.2 Quantitative Electrolysis: Faraday's Laws

4.

3.40

3.12.3 Calculation ofpH ofthe Solution After Electrolysis of Aqueous

Solution of a Compound Using 3.41

Inert Electrode

3.13 lonic Strength 3.14 Some Commercial Cells (Batteries) 3.14.1

Primary Cells

3.14.2 Secondary Cells 3.14.3 Fuel Cells 3.15

Corrosion

3.15.1 Mechanism or Theory of Corrosion 3.15.2 Factors which Promote Corrosion

3.15.3 Prevention of Corrosion Concept Application Exercise 3.2 3.16 Conductance of

Electrolytic

Solution

3.16.1 Factors Affecting Electrolytic Conductance

3.50 3.51 3.52 3.52 3.53 3.54 3.54 3.55 3.55

3.56 3.56 3.56

3.16.2 Factors Affecting Metallic or

Electronic Conductance 3.16.3 Resistance and Conductance

of Solutions

3.57

Chemical Kinetics

4.3

Concept Application Exercise 4.1

3.16.7 Ionic Conductance 3.16.8 Variation of Specific Conductivity,

Molecularity of Reaction Elementary and Complex Reactions

4.6

4.5.1 Types of Elementary Reactions Mechanism of a Reaction

4.6.1

3.57 3.58

4.8

ofIons 3.17.1 Applications of Kohlrausch Law

Integrated Rate Equation of Different 4.7.1

Zero Order Reactions

4.7.2 4.7 4.7.4

First Order Reactions

4.35

4.7.5

Fractional Order Reactions

4.35

4.7.6

Negative Order Reactions

4.35

Experimental

3.6

Abnormally High Conductivities of H®

and OH ions 3.18 Conductometric Titration

Concept Application Exercise 3.3 Solved Examples

Exercises Single Correct Answer Type Multiple Correct Answers Type 31 5

S6

7 7

Linked Comprehension Type Matrix Match Type

Numerical Value Type Archives

Answers Key

Detemination of Order

4.39

3.64 3.65

8.1 4.8.2

Initial Rate Method

4.8.3

Graphical Method

4.8.4

Half Life Method or Fractional

Use of Integrated Rate Equations

3.67

4.9

4.8.5 Ostwald Isolation Method Pseudo Molecular Reactions 4.9.1 Pseudo Unimolecular Reactions When O.R. = 1, but molecularity =2

3.61

4.9.2

4.39 4.39 4.44 4.48

Change Method

Base (SW) from Conductivity 3.17.4

Second Order Reactions

of Reaction

3.17.3 Determination of Hydrolysis Constant o f a Salt of Strong Acid and Weak Measurement

4.30 4.30 4.32 4.34

Third Order Reactions

3.17.2 Determination of lonic Product of Water from Conductance Measurement

4.23

4.29

Order Reactions

3.57

4.22

Applications of Mechanism of Reaction 4.24

Concept Application Exercise 4.2

Equivalent, and Molar Conductivities

with Concentration 3.17 Kohlrausch Law of Independent Migration

4.20 4.20 4.21

4.4 4.5

4.7

3.59 3.62

4.113 Factors Influencing the Rate of Reaction 4.14 Rate Expression and Rate Constant 4.14 Difference Between Rate of Reaction and Reaction Rate Constant 4.15 Order of Reaction 4.15

4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4

3.16.6 Measurement of the Conductivity of lonic Solutions

4.1 4.8 4.8

Formation/Decomposition in Mass Time

3.16.5 Equivalent Conductivity, Molar Conductivity, and Cell Constant

4.1-4.124

Overview 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Rate of a Chemical Reaction 4.2.1 Relation Between Different Rate of

3.16.4 Resistivity and Conductivity

of Solutions

vii

4.49 4.51 4.51

Pseudo Unimolecular Reaction, when O.R. = 1, but Molecularity of

3.68 3.68

4.9.3

3.69

3.71 3.85 3.85 3.1

4.51

Reaction=3 Pseudo Bimolecular Reactions when

Reactions having Molecularity 3 , but O.R. =2 4.9.4

Pseudo Bimolecular Reaction when O.R. 2 , but Molecularity >3 or 4

of Reaction

3.106

4.10 Typical First Order Gas Phase Reactions

3.107

4.11 Analysis of Some Important First Order

4.51

4.52 4.53

3.109

Reactions

4.56

3.110

4.11.1 Direct or Indirect Estimation of Reactants

4.56

3.113

4.11.2 Direct or Indirect Estimation of Products 4.56

vii

Contents

5.5.1

Classification of Colloids

5.19 5.19

5.5.2

Preparation of Colloidal Solutions

5.23

5.5.3

Purification of Colloidal Solutions

5.24

5.5.4

Properties

5.5.5

Coagulation or Precipitation

5.5.6

Protection of Colloids

4.63

5.5.7

Colloids Around Us

4.63

5.5.8

Applications of Colloids

5.5

4.11.3 Hydrolysis of Esters (CH,COOR) in Acidic Medium 4.11.4 Inversion of Cane Sugar Concept Application Exercise 4.3

4.56 4.57

4.12 Theories of Chemical Kinetics

4.61

(C222011

4.60

4.12.1 Temperature Dependence of the Rate

5.6.1

Types of Emulsions

4.12.6 Activated Complex

4.66

5.6.2

Identification of Emulsions

5.31

4.12.7 Exposure of Radiations

4.67

5.6.3

Properties of Emulsions

5.31

5.6.4 5.6.5

Application of Emulsions

5.31 5.31 5.31 5.32 5.36

and Frequency Factor (A)

4.12.3 Collision Theory

4.12.4 Efect of Catalyst

4.65

4.12.5 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Stability

4.66

4.12.8 Photosensitizer

4.67

4.12.9 Vision

4.67

4.12.10Quantum Yield or Quantum Efficiency of a Photochemical Reaction

Single Corect Answer Type Multiple Correct Answers Type

.108

Solved Examples Exercises

4.117

Numerical Value Tipe

4.119

5.1 5.3 5.3

Overview 5.1

Introduction

5.2

Adsorption Distinction Between Adsorption and Absorption

of Adsorption

5.2.2

Mechanism

5.2.3

Types of Adsorption

5.2.4

Factors Affecting Adsorption of Gases

5.2.5

on Solids

5.5

Adsorption from Solution Phase

5.8 5.8

Application of Adsorption Concept Application Exercise 5.1 Catalysis 5.3.1 Promoters and Poisons 5.3.2 Types of Catalysis 5.3.3 Theories of Catalysis 5.3.4 Important Features of Solid

(Heterogeneous Catalyst)

5.11

5.11 5.11 5.11

5.13

Catalysts

Shape-Selective Catalysis by Zeolites

Enzyme Catalysis 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3

5.3 5.4

5.4

5.2.6

5.3.5

Multiple Correct Answers Type Linked Comprehension Tpe Matrix Match Type Numerical Value Type

Characteristics of Enzyme Catalysis Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis

Catalysts in Industry

5.1

6.

5.36 5.39 5.40

Single Correct Answer Type

5.1-5.53

Surface Chemistry

Gels

Exercises

4.123

Answers Key

Harmful Effects of Emulsions

Lyotropic Series or Hofmeister Series Concept Application Exercise 5.2 Solved Examples Concept Application Exercise 5.3

120

Archives

Emulsions

5.7.1

4.113

Linked Comprehension Tipe Matrix Match Type

5.2.1

5.6

5.7

4.67 4.73 4.74 4.87 4.87

Concept Application Exercise 4.4

5.4

5.25 5.27 5.29 5.29 5.30 5.30 5.30

4.12.2 Calculation of Activation Energy

5.3

of Colloidal Solutions

or Flocculation of Colloids

4.61

of a Reaction

5.

Colloids

40 5.46 5.48 5.49 5.50

Archives

5.51

Answers Key

5.52

Nuclear Chemistry

6.1-6.64 6.1

Overview 6.1

Introduction

6.4

6.2 6.3

Discovery of Radioactivity Nature of Radioactive Radiations

6.4

6.4

Methods to Detect/Count Radioactive Radiations 6.5

6.5

6.5

6.4

Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Properties 6.6 Group Displacement Law Concept Application Evercise 6.1 6.7 Nuclear Stability and Neutron/Proton Ratio

6.11 6.12

6.8

6.13

6.9

Radioactive Decay Series Nuclear Binding Energy

Concept Application Exercise 6.2

Radioactive

6.10 Rate of Disintegration 6.10.1 Half-Life Period 6.10.2 Average Life 6.11 Radioactive Equilibrium

6.6

6.15

6.18 6.18 6.19

6.20 6.21

5.14

Concept Application Exercise 6.3

6.29

5.15

6.12 Artificial Transmutation 6.13 Nuclear Reaction

6.30

5.15 5.16 5.16

6.29

6.13.1 Types of Nuclear Reactions

6.30

6.14 Synthetic Elements Including Transuranics

6.31

Contents 6.15

Nuclear Fission 6.15.1

Chain Reaction

6.15.2 Application of

Nuclear

Fission

Concept Application

Exercise 6.4

Radioactivity 6.17 Applications of 6.5 Concept

Application

and

Erercise

Sohed Examples Exercises

Tipe Single Answers Type Multiple Correct Linked Comprehension Type Correct Answer

Matrix Match Tpe Numerical Value Type Archives

Answers Key

6.32

Solutions

S.1-S.124

6.32 6.33

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3

S.1 S.20

6.39

Chapter 4

S.73

6.40

Chapter 5 Chapter 6

S.104

.34

6.16 Nucilear Fusion

Radioisotopes

ix

6.43

S.36

S.111

6.44

6.48 6.48

6.58 6.60 6.61 6.62 6.63 6.63

Appendix 1: Some Useful Data and Log Tables

A.1-A.7

Appendix2:

Chapterwise Solved JEE Main 2019 A.9-A.15

Questions (16 Sets) Appendix3:

Chapterwise Solved JEE Questions (6 Sets)

Main

January 2020

Appendix 4: JEE Advanced 2019 Solved Questions

A.17-A.18

A.19