Philo of Alexandria's Views of the Physical World 9783161506406, 3161506405
Philo of Alexandria fuses biblical interpretation and Greco-Roman cosmology in seemingly contradictory fashion: the phys
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English Pages 311 [312] Year 2011
Cover
Preface
Table of Contents
Abbreviations and Citations
Chapter 1. The Problem of Philo's Ambivalence about the Physical World
I. Discovering Philo's Ambivalence
II. Attempts to Analyse Philo's Ambivalence
III. Argument and Plan of the Book
IV. Socially-Conditioned Perspectives on the Physical World
V. Methodological Approach
Chapter 2. The Context for Philo's Ambivalence toward the Physical World
I. Introduction
II. Audiences and Aims for the Commentary Series
III. Judaism and Hellenism for Philo
A. Terms and Definitions
B. Philo's Understanding of Philosophy
C. Philo's Use of Philosophy
D. The Superiority of Judaism
IV. Conclusion
Chapter 3. Philo's Negative Terminology for the Physical World: ουσία, ύλη, γένεσις, γενητός
I. Introduction
II. The Act and Process of Creation: Bringing Order
III. Oυσία and Yλη: The Stuff from which the Physical World is Made
A. Introduction
B. Positive and Neutral References to Matter
C. Negative References to Matter
D. Conclusion for Oυσία and Yλη
IV. Γένεσις: Exemplar of Philo's Varying Views on the Physical World
A. Introduction
B. Process of Generation
C. Concrete Creation in Harmony with God
D. Concrete Creation in Opposition to God
E. Referent for the Concrete Creation
F. A Gap between Rhetoric and Meaning in Philo's Anti-Creation Language
G. Conclusion for Γένεσις
V. Γένεσις: The Contrast between God and Creation
A. Introduction
B. The Divide between God and Creation
C. Referent for the Concrete Creation
D. Conclusion for Γένητός
VI. Conclusion
Chapter 4. Philo's Positive Terminology for the Physical World: Kόσμος
I. Introduction
II. Definition and Attributes of the Kόσμος
A. Basic Definition
B. Acceptance and Adaptation of the Attributes of the Kόσμος
III. Praise of the Kόσμος to the Praise of God
IV. The Kόσμος as a Means of Knowing and Becoming like God
V. Limitations of the Kόσμος
VI. Comparison to other 'Universe' Terms
A. Oλον
B. Παν
VII. Comparative Usage of Kόσμος
A. Greco-Roman Philosophy
B. Other Jewish Writings
VIII. Conclusion
Chapter 5. Philo's Positive Terminology for the Physical World: Φύσις Part One
I. Introduction
II. Background for Φύσις in Philo
III. Φύσις as Creative Power
IV. Φύσις as Essential Character
A. Basic Sense
B. Φύσις and Essential Human Character
C. Divinely-Endowed Individual Φύσις
D. Ethical Status of 'Essential Character' Definition
V. Φύσις as Universal Nature
A. Polyvalence of Φύσις when Denoting Universal Nature
B. God's Relation to Universal Nature
C. Finding Φύσις (Universal Nature) in Scripture
1. Introduction
2. Scripture's Hidden Φυσιολογíα
3. Φύσις (Essential Character) of Scripture and Φύσις (Universal Nature)
4. Contemplation of Φύσις Literally and Figuratively in the Synagogue
5. Conclusion on Scripture and Φύσις
D. Preliminary Conclusion: Ethical Status for Φύσις as Physical World
Chapter 6. Philo's Positive Terminology for the Physical World: Φύσις Part Two
I. Φύσις as Cosmic Order
A. Φύσις Rules and Guides the Sensible World
B. Cosmic Order as Ethical Standard: Following Φύσις
C. Place of Natural Law
D. Relation of Nature/Natural Law and Mosaic Law
1. Harmony of these Laws
2. Distinguishing between Ontological and Epistemological Priority
E. Relation of Logos and Φύσις as Creative, Cosmic Principle
F. Conclusion: Ethical Status of Φύσις as Cosmic Order
II. Φύσις as Divine Metonymy
III. Conclusion
Chapter 7. Higher and Lower Approaches to God
I. Introduction
II. Telos of Human Life: To See and Become Like God
III. Indirect vs. Direct Vision of God
IV. Idealised Categories of People in Pursuit of God
V. Conclusion
Chapter 8. The Ambiguity of the Physical World: A Multiperspectival Approach
I. Introduction
II. Panoramic Review of Philo's Positive and Negative Perspectives
III. Distinction between Higher and Lower Aspects of Physical World
IV. Perspective of God versus the Perspective of Substance
V. Higher and Lower Approaches to God and the Physical World
A. Commentaries and the Physical World
B. Interpretation of Scripture and the Physical World
C. Implied Audiences and the Higher-Lower Paths to Perfection
VI. Conclusion
Chapter 9. Conclusions
I. Summary
II. Whence this Negative Perspective? Comparative Analysis
A. Judaism and Hellenism
B. Two Strands of Platonism
C. Wisdom of Solomon
D. Paul of Tarsus
E. Gnosticism
F. Mystical-Ascetic Impulse
III. Contribution of this Book and Further Research
Appendix 1. Philo's Usage of Oυσία
Appendix 2. Philo's Usage of Yλη
Appendix 3. Philo's Usage of Γένεσις
Appendix 4. Philo's Usage of Kόσμος
Appendix 5. Philo's Usage of Φύσις
Bibliography
I. Primary Sources
II. Reference Works
III. Secondary Literature
Index of Ancient Sources
I. Philo
II. Tanakh
III. Aprocrypha and Septuagint
IV. New Testament
V. Pseudepigrapha
VI. Other Jewish Writings
VII. Greco-Roman Writings
Index of Modern Authors
Index of Subjects
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Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament · 2. Reihe Herausgeber / Editor Jörg Frey (Zürich) Mitherausgeber / Associate Editors Friedrich Avemarie (Marburg) Markus Bockmuehl (Oxford) James A. Kelhoffer (Uppsala) Hans-Josef Klauck (Chicago, IL)
309
Charles A. Anderson
Philo of Alexandria’s Views of the Physical World
Mohr Siebeck
Charles A.Anderson, born 1975; MDiv Trinity Evangelical Divinity School (Deerfield, IL, USA); 2009 PhD, University of Cambridge; since 2007 lecturer in New Testament and biblical languages at Oak Hill Theological College (London, England).
e-ISBN PDF 978-3-16-151809-6 ISBN 978-3-16-150640-6 ISSN 0340-9570 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 2. Reihe) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. © 2011 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Laupp & Göbel in Nehren on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Nädele in Nehren. Printed in Germany.
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