Philitas of Cos 9789004124288, 9004124284

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PHILITAS OF COS

MNEMOSYNE BIBLIOTHECA CLASSICA BATAVA COLLEGERUNT H. PINKSTER • H. S. VERSNEL

D.M. SCHENKEVELD • P. H. SCHRIJVERS S.R. SUNGS BIBUOTHECAE FASCICULOS EDENDOS CURAVIT H. PINKSTER, KLASSIEK SEMINARIUM, OUDE TURFMARKT 129, AMSTERDAM

SUPPLEMENTUM DUCENTESIMUM VICESIMUM NONUM KONSTANTINOS SPANOUDAKIS

PHILITAS OF COS

CORRIGENDA AND ADDENDUM

- p. 92, fr. 21, app. crit.: für 'Snell apo SH l.l.' read 'Snell, Gnomon 25 (1953), 434' - p. 198, fr. 18, 4th 1ine: tü 'Craik 15' add " R. Parker - D. Obbink, Chiron 30 (2000), 442f.' - p. 348, fr. 32, far "nooovt1tTllpa OlVOV" read "noOovt1tTllpa OE1VOV". Delete the füllüwing parenthesis.

PHILITAS OF COS BY

KONSTANTINOS SPANOUDAKIS

BRILL LEIDEN· BOSTON· KÖLN 2002

Tmv 'Yovlmv 1l01> äVEU 'üll1lPOU, äVEU E~aIlE'tpmv

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Spanoudakis, Konstantinos. Philitas of Cos / by Konstantinos Spanoudakis. p. cm. - (Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava. Supplementum, ISSN 0169-8958; 229) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 9004124284 (alk. paper) I. Philatas, 330-270 B.C.-Criticism and interpretation. 2. Greek poetry, Hellenistic-History and criticism. 3. Love poetry, Greek-History and criticism. 4. Kos Island (Greece)--Biography. I. Tide. H. Series. PA4267.P67 Z85 2001 881'.01-dc21 2001052445

Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahm.e Spanoudakis, Konstantinos: Philitas of. Cos / by Konstantinos Spanoudakis. - Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill,2002 (Mnemosyne : Supplementum ; Vol. 229) ISBN 90-04-12428-4

ISSN 0169-8958 ISBN 90 04 12428 4 © Copyright 2002/ry Koninklijke Brill NT; Leiden, The Netherlands

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CONTENTS

PREFACE

Xl

ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY TESTIMONIA

Xlll

................•.................................................................

ALLEGED TESTIMONIA

12

INTRODUCTION

19 19 23 26 29 34 37 40

I. II. lIla. IIIb. IVa. IVb. V. VIa. Vlb. VII. VIII. IX. Xa. Xb. Xc. Xd. XI. XII. XIII.

..............................................•...........................•...

Name ............................................................................ Date, patria and familia ................................................ 'Pupils': Ptolemy Philadelphus .................................... Zenodotus, Hermesianax and Bittis ........ .................... The Coan Statue ........ ............................ ...................... Claim for Heroic Honours .......................................... Theocritus .................................... .......... ................. ..... The Aetia-prologue: Mimnermus, Antimachus and Philitas .................................................................. Callimachus' Somnium and fr. 532 (T. 6), the Pinakes and the Elegiac Canon .......... .......................... Relations with Contemporary Poets .......................... Treatment of Literary Past: Hesiod, Pindar, Philoxenus .................................................................... Comic leptotes ................................................................ Survival ................... ........... ............................................ Propertius ...................................................................... Longus .......................................................................... Virgil .............................................................................. Hellenistic Features and Peripatus .............................. Athens, Argolid and Southern Italy .......................... Metre ............................................................................ a. Dactyls and Spondees ............................................ b. Spondaic Fifth Foot ................................................ c. Main Caesura and Bucolic Diaeresis ....................

42 47 50 52 54 55 59 64 66 68 72 74 75 76 77

CONTENTS

Vlll

d. Word-end in Other Positions ...................................... e. Pentameters ....... ............... ...... ...... .................................. f. Prosodiea ........................................................................

79 80 81

POETICAL FRAGMENTS (frr. 1-28) .......... .......................... ............

Fragmenta ineertae se dis ........................................................ Hermes .................................................................................... I. Commentary (frr. 1-5) ................................................ Ha. Parthenius Erot. path. 2 and Philitas Hermes .............. Hb. Tide and Content .................................................. .... IIe. Influenee ...................................................................... Demeter .................................................................................. I. Commentary (frr. 5a-21) ............................................ H. Reeonstruetion of Demeter ............................................ IH. Influenee of Demeter .................................................... a. Theoeritus 7 .............................. ............................ b l. Callimaehus, Hymn to Apollo ................................ b2. Callimaehus, Hymn to Demeter .............................. e. Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica .. ........................ d. Nieander ........... ...... ................................... ............ e. Philieus, Hymn to Demeter ...................................... Telephus (?, fr. 22) ................................................................ Epigrams and Paegnia ............................................................ I. Commentary (frr. 23-25) ......................................... ;.. H. Phi1itas' Epigrams Colleetion ...................................... Fragmenta ineertae sedis ........................................................ Commentary (frr. 26-28) .................................................. Al1eged Poetieal Aseriptions ..................................................

85 85 87 92 92 93 95 95 126 131 137 142 142 223 244 244 273 293 299 303 307 309 313 313 327 329 329 335

GRAMMATICAL FRAGMENTS (FRR. 29-56) .................................... "A'taK'tOt yArocrcrat and 'Ep~T\vda ............................................ Ataktoi Glossai and Hermeneia ............................ ...................... I. Commentary (frr. 29-58) .............................. .............. H. Tide, Content and Form of Ataktoi Glossai ................ III. Sourees ........................................................................ IV. Range and Methods ....................................................

347 347 356 356 384 388 390

...................................................................................... ßT\~lJ'tT\P .................................................................................... TlJAE
tAl]IlCOV il 'ApxtAOxOe; ilcr8de; au'trov 'tOte; 1totl]Ilacrtv. ou yup uvaYKatOV, Ei 'tEp1tEt 'to EPYOV roe; XaptEV, ä~tOV cr1tOuofte; dyat 'tOV EipyacrIlEVOY.

3 «l>lA.TWlA.Tl'ta~ Bryan (acceperat Bernardakis): 'ht7toova~ Cobet

5. From Theoc. 11.1-3 ouoEv 1to't'tov Epco'ta 1tEtA:rrtatA~'tatM'tT\ in Naxos and cI>tM'ta in Ephesus, both undated, see Masson ii, 506. cI>tAhaiAt'tO~ in I st cent. AD and contemporarily in Calymnos, but cI>iAt't'tO~ in the latter already in the 3rd cent. BC. 2 A study of the possible formations is essentially inconclusive. J. Wackernagel in a letter to Kuchenmüller (16 n. 4) asserted that the authentie form of the Coan poet's name can only be determined by the attestations concerning the poet hirnself. 3 The paradosis, although discrepant, favours the spelling cI>tAha~ and the course of corruption, where determinable, seems to be from -ha~ to -TJ'ta~. Codex Marcianus (lOth cent.), the main witness of Athenaeus and the principal, if not the only, source of the epitome (Arnott 1996, 37-9) offers cI>tAha~ in nineteen quotations including the one of Hermesian. T. 2, whereas the epitome has cI>tAll'ta~. The Vatican Strabo-palimpsest of the late 5th cent. (I1 in AIy) offers in 8.5.3 cI>tAE ·'tat, i.e. cI>tA{ E} hat, where all medieval MSS transmit cI>tAll'tat. In :r. Theoc. T. 13 the Ambrosian family (K), the best witness of the Theocritean :r. (Wendel 1914, xv), speIls the name as cI>tAha~ against all other MSS' cI>tAll'ta~ or -t'ta~. The same family offers cI>tATJ'ta~ in fr. 27, but retains the correct accentuation against all other witnesses' -ll'ta~ or -t'ta~. Choerob. T. 26 cI>tAi1t1ta~ implies that 2 Most of the material in readily available in LGPN. For tAitac; into cI>tATJ1:ac; are the Imperial times' penchant for cI>tA11- names (see Crönert 215, Threatte ii, 71f.) whereas the popularity of cI>tAitac; diminishes unti1 it disappears in Byzantine times, and the widespread Imperial spelling of long -t- with -Et- (1: Flor. Call. T. 7b, Strabo 8.5.3 (fr. 17) cod. II), which would easily become an -11- (EI > H). Two considerations have been advanced as arguments for cI>tATJ1:ac;. First, Longus' 2.3.2, al. herdsman cI>tA11'tac;, one of the names that Longus apparently borrows from Theoc., has been adduced as a proof that Longus in the 2nd cent. AD was reading cI>tA11'tac; in Theoc. 7.40 so that the MSS of Theoc. now preserve the original reading. Both MSS of Longus offer cI>tA11'tac;, a form which derives support by a word-play on the name of a magister amom in 2.5.1 EILOt ILEV, (h cI>tA11'ta, q>tATt(mi O"E 1tOVOC; oUöEic;, al. This may not be decisive for the name of the poet, as the corruption in Theoc. might go back to Imperial times and Longus may have used the one alternative form which was common at his time and served his purposes better. Of a similar nature is the second argument relying on an epigram by Crates 5 (T. 8), which is dated in the later 3rd cent. BC. This piece accuses Euph. as a literary flllator and plays on the equivocal meanings of poets' names such as XOtpiAOV / EiXE oux O"'tOlLa'tOC; ~ XOlPOC; 'pudenda muliebria' or 'OIL11PtKOC; l1v ~ IL11PoC; 'thigh'. In 3-4 Ka'tclYAOlO"O"' E1tOEt 'tU 1totlUta'ta Kat 'tU tAhal U'tPEKEOlC; nOEt Euph. is said to compose poems 'full of glosses' and P. is mentioned as the author of the celebrated At. Cl. An allusion to a second meaning results from q>tA11'tTtC; 'lover, kisser', which would secure the reading cI>tATt'tac; in Crates. 6 In fact it does not. Diosc. HE 26.1 needs the second syllab1e to play on cI>tAatviC;/ q>tAatOTtILOlV, but Leon. Tar. HE 21 and Posid. HE 2 play with cI>tAatvic;/ q>tAEOl and the root q>tA-

5 The E1nypa lLlLUtrov 1tOtT)t1)~ mentioned in Diog. Laert. 4.23. See HE ii, 222, Pfeiffer 1968, 243. 6 First Nowacki 17 printed, as everywhere, tAita and Müller 1990, 36-7 proposed to overcome the difficulty by the identity of the sound of tAita~/tA~ta~ in Hellenistic times, but the spelling of the second syllable may anyway be of litde importance here. qnAT)t~~ 'lover' does not occur until Maced. Cons. AP 5.271.3 in the 5th cent. AD, but a connection is clear already in Hellanicus FGrH 4 F 19b t[U] ÖE yiYVEtat 'EplL[Tt~] qnMtT)~, ön mJtil qnAT)crilL[ro~] cruvEKOtlL[UtO and then in Longus. Call. uses o1:ßOC; ulAll llM'tEOJ 6uyu'tllP, Pliny NH 11.76. Cos enjoyed the monopoly of silk-production in the Aegean, cf. Theoc. 2.73 ßucrcrOlO KaA.Ov .. xnrova and see Sh-W 242, 378f., Craik 20. Thin vests are a feature of Coan sculpture, see H. Weber, "Coae vestes", MDAI 19-20 (1969-70), 249-53, Kabus-Preißhofen 142f., further G. M. A. Richter, "Silk in Greece", AJA 33 (1929), 27-33, Davies-Kathirithamby 112-3. 47 Prop.'s direct source seems to be the passage containing Call. T. 6, see Heyworth 209-10. Hunter 1983, 124 n. 91 no ted that Prop. T. 23a constitutes "almost certainly a reference to Philetas", R. F. Thomas in Harder 1993, 198 that it "might suggest a greater programmatic importance". An independent employment of this motif applied to Lysias' delicate style occurs in Plut. De aud. 42d Ev tpißWVl AUcrllA.OA.oyo~ &KPeo~. Demetrius in Tpeoi:KO~ OUiKOcr~O~ fr. 68 Gaede attacked Crates of Mallos, who had claimed the tide of KplnK6~ for hirnself. For such a combination of attributes in Strabo cf. 17.3.22 (CalI. T. 16 Pf.) KaA.A.i~axo~ ... 7tOlT]'ti]~ ä~a Kat 7tEpl ypa~~anKi]v Ecr7tOUoaKro~, in Suidas cf. v 374 NiKavopo~ ... ä~a ypa~~anK6~ 'tE Kat 7tOlT]'ti]~ Kat ia'tp6~. For ypa~~anKo~ KplnK6~ cf. Suid. E 359 'EKa'talo~ 'AßoT]pi'tT]~' ö~ E7tEKMST] Kat KPl'tlKO~ ypa~~a'tlK6~, otov ypa~~a'tlKi]v EXeoV 7tapacrKEu"v, Charisius 1.236.18 Keil inter omnes criticos grammaticos convenit. 83 KplnK6~ in Ps-Plato Axioch. 366e me ans 'professor of literature', cf. then PhiIod. Po. 5.21.16, 5.27.7, Strabo 9.1.10. In Suidas cf. A 645 Aoyytvo~, 0 Kacrmo~ ... 7tOAU~aSi]~ Kat KpmKO~ YEv6~EVO~, v 477 No~o~ [...] KpmKro'ta'to~ 'toov KaS' i1~ii~ EA.Aoyi~eov avopoov, further Ael. NA 10.42 T"AEq>O~ 0 KpmKoTJq>Opouoav doay[ou] 1 crtv 01l~' 01 'tOte; 1to[tTJn] 1 Ko'ie; ov6/lacrt Ka'ta 't[p6] l1tov xpro/l€vo[t] 'to [äop] 1 av'tt 'tOU ö6p[a'to]e; ['t]a't 1 't [0] ucrt roo't€ 't~v o,i[o]v 1d ÖOAtX€YXll ÖOAtxa 1opov AEyccr8at. ana 1 'to /lev ~iq>oe; äop a 1•

92

POETICAL FRAGMENTS

[E]UA.[O] \yro~' [...] 1:0 O[E aop] I ou 7tav1:ro~ EYXO~ ecr[1:tv,] I ev XEtpt 1:llV xpEiuv 7t [u] I PEXOIlEVOV KUt q>o I POUIlEVOV rocr7tEP ey IXEtptOtOv. oinot IlEv o [ov] I KUt ev hEPOt~ 7toUO ['i~] I 1:l)v 1:0tUU1:llV 1:rov ov [olla1:rov «IlE1:a8EOW> Merkelbach, APF 16 (1956), 115). 2 1001[111 e.g. LobeI, sane certurn: 1001['tE Snell apo SH l.t.

Fr. 22 (CA 15) L A.R. 4.1141, 307.17 Wendel Ev8u 1:01:' ecr1:0pE: ev 1:0 aV1:PCP MaKpt06~ q>llcrt 1:0V yallov YEYEvllcr8ut MlloEiu~ KUt 'Iacrovo~, tA.ll1:a~ OE ev TllA.Eq>cP ev 1:11 'AA.KtVOOU OiKt~. 2 tATJ'ta 'E1ttypalll.HX'tffiV· 'ya'iav -

'tEIlEVOe;' .

2 uiljlT]poov S: uiljlT]A.ooV M: AatljlT]POV A I 'tEJ.lEVO~ SMA: 'to J.lEVO~ frustra Valckenaer,

Diatr. Eurip. 1767, 239

Fr. 25 (CA 10) Oü IlE 'tte;

E~ OPEffiV a1tocpc.OAtoe; aypotc.O'tT\e; aipTJe}'Et KATJ8pT\v aipOIlEVOe; llaKEAT\V, aAA' E1tEffiV dome; KocrllOV Kat 1toAM. 1l0yfJcrae; IlU8ffiV 1tav'toiffiv Otllov E1ttcr'taIlEVOe;.

Stob. 2.4.5 (1tEpt Myou Kat ypalllla'tffiv), 11.27 Wachsmuth (codd. ASTr) {{>tATJ'ta IIatyviffiv ({{>tA.~'ta A, {{>tA.T\'t 1tatyv~ S, ({>tATJ'tou 1tatyvia '" T) r ' 'ru(' vu IlE 'tte; E1ttcr'taIlEvoe; .

Fragmenta incertae sedis Fr. 26 (SH 675A) 'Apyav8c.Ovtov

EtG (AB) a 1131,11.176.6 L.-L. (EtM (PSORMVb) a 1726,11.169.26 L.-L.) 'Apyav8c.OvEtov· öpoe; KlOU (A: Kdou B), otov 'aIlCP' 'Apyav8c.OvEtov öpoe; 1tpOXoae; 'tE KlOto' (A.R. 1.1178)' 'ttvEe; OE 'Apyav8c.OvT\v alno cpacrtv (1tPOxoae; ... cpacrtv om. B). EUCPOPlffiV OE (CA 75) Kat {{>tA.ltm; (tAiae; AB, EtM: tATJ'tae; EtSym. (EtM) Vb suprascr. yp. tAiae;) 'Apyav8c.Ovtov AEYOUcrt Ota 'tOll 1, otov 'x8t1;ov 1l0t KVc.OcrcroV'tt 1tap' 'Apyav8c.Ovtov at1tOe;'. (hic desinit B.) {Kat AEyoucrt Ota 'tOll 1.} ~tIlUAOe; OE (SH 725) 1to'tallov CPT\crtv (EtM R: cpa(crtv) A), otov 'Mucrtov a1tuov'ta 1tapa poov 'Apyav8c.OvT\e;'.

Fr. 27 (CA 18) 'ta 01 1tO'tE Ku1tpte; EAollcra IlTlA.a ßtffiVUcrOU omKEv a1to Kpo'tacpffiv

L KUEA Theoc. 2.120b, 290.l Wendel llaM IlEV EV KOA.1tOtcrt : 'ta Epacrllta Kat Epffi'tOe; 1tOtT\'ttKa, Ka80 tl.,~'ta~

K)' ''ta 01 1ton:

KPO'taro~, further Erot. path. 30 aAc.OlleVOV Ota 'tf\~ KeA'troV xc.Opa~. The verb itself, a vox propria to describe sea-wanderings, often applies to Odysseus, see Garvie on I Timaeus' treatment (see ff. n. 15) may have had a bearing on P., as in fr. 22. For Odysseus in the West cf. A.R. 3.311-2, 4.849-50 with Campbell on the former passage, Call. frr. 13, 470 rebuffed by Apollodorus of Athens auvrl'Yoprov tOl\; 1tEPl tov 'EpatoagevTl, FGrH 244 F 157. On the whole question see E. D. Phillips, "Odysseus in Italy", ]HS 73 (1953), 53-67, F. Prinz, Gründungsmythen und SagenchrlJTlologie, Munich 1979, 156f. 2 See F. Prontera, "Sull' esegesi ellenistica della geographia omerica" in G. W. Most, al. (edd.), Philanthropia kai Eusebeia. Festschriji für A. Dihle, Göttingen 1993, 387-97. Antimachus was also one of those who believed in the geographical veracity of the Homeric poems, cf. fr. 180. H. H. and A. Wolf, Der Weg des Orfysseus, Munich 21990 gather ancient and modern theories on the question.

96

POETICAL FRAGMENTS -

Od. 6.206 and cf. Od. 8.28 Theoc. 16.51.

~E'iVO~

...

HERMES

aAIDllEvo~

lKE't' EllOV omlla,

1.1c. acp{KE'to 1tP~ A'(OAoV Kat MMtyouv{öa vilaov Cf. Od. 10.1 AioAlllV 0' E~ vllaov aqltKollE8' whence QS. 14.474 (Iris) lKE'to 0' AioAlllv etc. acptKVEOllat often initiates a hospitality scene (Reece 13). Parth. writes acptKVEOllat 1tpO~ + accusative (here and 7.3) or 1tapa + accusative (17.4, 30.1) for persons, E1tl + accusative (8.8) and mostly Ei~ + accusative for places (5.5, 8.3, 18.1, 34.1, 36.1 - 16.2 Ei~ ßapoavov acptKEa9at is an exception), cf. 1.1 acptKOllEVO~ OE Ei~ Kauvov 1tPO~ AiytaMv, 1.3 acplKE'to Ei~ Bußaa'tov 1tpO~ r'ta (pent.). ciat, 3.360 ecrav .. ute~ 361 EllV 7tat~ 363 yovov e~~eVat, 3.378 'ta~ffiv ... Keacrcra~, 3.863-4 Auyain EVt VUK'tt cruv opcpvaiot~ cpapEeO"O"t· / ... Epe~V~ creie'tO ya'ia, 3.967 = 4.693 a.Vero Kat a.vauOot, 4.1295 from 11. 19.346 a.K~llVot Kat a.7taO"'tot, Theoc. 1.27 KtcrcrUßtoV 55 8E7ta~ 143 crKUCPO~, 1. 71 AUKot mpucrav'tO 72 AErov EKAaucre 75 7tOp'tte~ mou pav'to, 11. 2 3-4

POETICAL FRAGMENTS -

HERMES

121

Otxn ... aVn . .I E1:ryEtc;, Euph. CA 34.1 rovllSdO"Tl'; 2 KtKAncrKEcrSat 3 auollSllvat, Simias Ov. 11 (Hermes) So me; ... eOKU .. EProV vEulla 1toOmv 13 Soa"ie; tcr' aiOAate; VEßpo"ie; KmA' aAacrcrrov 15 Kpamvo"ie; ... 1tocrt 20 Soo'icrt .. 1tocrtV, [Mosch.] Megara 94 EXroV llaKEAllV 101 Atcr'tpov ... €pdcrae; 108 veOllacrKEv llaKEAllV, the Salmakis-epigram (2nd cent. BC), which in twelve lines employs ten different ways for 'gave birth' (C. Austin, ZPE 126 (1999), 92, M. Gigante, A&R n.s. 44 (1999), 3-4), then Archias GPh 24.2 VEEAlle;, 4 Atvrov, 6 1tayat, Nonn. D. l.16-33 with four different names for Dionysus and five synonyms for 'sing', D. l.128-9 Et1ta'tE 'taupep,lEi ßOEe; dcra"{oucrtv, 37.443 tAOe; 0' €ptOatVEV €'tatpep.

4.3a. aJ.1t oe 'tOt ve. The question gave rise to different proposals. Kuiper 147 tried to explain the tide by the kinship of Odysseus and Hermes through Autolycus. Autolycus gives Odysseus his name in Od. 19.394f. Hermes endowed hirn with exceptional versatility and from this point of view he is an ideal patron of the hero. Later Autolycus was said to be a son of Hermes and maternal grandfather of Odysseus, whence Odysseus is genealogically connected with Hermes. 37 Kuiper's suggestion entails that Odysseus was the central figure of all Hames, but no trace of a treatment of an episode other than Aeolus' survives in the Homeric ~ (e.g. information about an enhanced role of Hermes) or elsewhere. Kuchenmüller 47-8 suggested that Il. 16.179-92 could offer a solution. In that Iliadic passage Polymele, daughter of Phylas, provokes the love of Hermes, sleeps secredy with hirn and bears Eudorus. Kuchenmüller thought that P. modelled his own story on this passing genealogical digression. The two stories are intrinsically different 38 and there is no good reason to abandon the Odyssean context of P.'s story. The fact, though, that Hermes and Odysseus share a woman with the same name may bear some significance in its own right. Von Blumenthai 2167 was more drastic: as he thought that the central figure of the poem is Polymele he proposed as tide EV 'EpllTt (Sc. noA'\)Ilf]A,,~), referring to a gloss interpreted by Hsch. E 5947 as fSOÖO~. Beyond the fact that such a tide would be at least obscure, if not incompatible with the content of the story, it is unlikely that P. would use a gloss as a tide. Hellenistic poets show a tendency to use names as tides. Maass 1894, 12 attributed the tide to the fact that Hermes assurnes an important role as helper of Odysseus in Homer (see ff.). Maass'

37 This kinship is a post-Homeric device. Autolycus appears as son of Hermes first in Hes. Cat. fr. 64.17-8, then Pherecydes FGrH 3 F 120, [ApolIod.] 1.9.16 and Ov. Met. 11.312. l: Gd. 10.277 (1.466 Dindorf) note that in Homer Hermes is not the father, hut the godfather of Autolycus, OUX roe; AU1:oAUKOU 1ta1:~p' "Ol!l1Poe; 1:0\>1:0 OU 011AOl, see Russo on Gd. 19.394. One would like to see it as a fiction of genealogical mythography. 38 Hermes in the 11. is enamoured with Polymele in his capacity as VOl!lOe;, cf. Eustath. Comm. Il. 1053.52 (II1.831 van der Valk) 1:0 OE nOAUI!~Al1 EUI!OP KiP Boupiv'll~ 1t'llyij~", IlavOmpa 12 (1861), 181-5, K. Bürchner, RE IILl.l067-68, id., RE XL2.1477, Herzog 159-61, Sudhoff 32-8, Gow on Theoc. 7.6, 7, Sh-W 16-7, Arnott 1979, 102-3, Zanker 1980, 373-7, id. 1987, 119-20. For the Hellenistic, elaborate spring-house and the aqueduct at Bourina see A. W. van Buren, RE Suppl. VIII.462, F. Glaser, Antih Brunnenbauten (K:pijval) in Griechenland, Vienna 1983, 140 n. 23, R. Tälle-Kastenbein, Antih Wasserkultur, Munich 1990, 23-4.

146

POETICAL FRAGMENTS -

DEMETER

yap 111)'tOUPYf\O"eV, öO"a O"UVE'tEWe 1tpO~ 't~V 'tOU üöa'to~ EKPl1StV. 'tOU'tO Ot)V Öl1A.01 'tO 'o~ EK 1tOÖO~ aVUe Kpavav', ön 0 Xah AeUKOA.O Posid. HE 5). Then Asclep.'s "fondness of kommosmotifs may be important for 122-4", Hunter 1999, 162. A potpourri similar to Lycidas' song may be surmised here. A. Henrichs, ZPE 39 (1980), 7-27, esp. 25-7, acknowledged the intricate nature of Simichidas' song ("Coherence or Patch-work?") and adduced for its elucidation Archil. lEG 196a.26-8 ~ Theoc. 7.120-4 and Hippon. lEG 6 ~ Theoc. 7.103f., see also Hunter 1996, 24-5. 105 Philitan echoes seem to resurface all the more strongly in the final section of the poem, 128f. In 130 nu~u awakes Philitan reminiscences, cf. L 7.130-1 d ~ fr. 16. In 136 the water flowing from within the Nymphs' cave is qualified as lEPOV üOrop. That the aclj. here is not simply ornans, as Gow thought, was rightly pointcd out by Schänbeck 119-20. In the same verse (after 8) utyapot 7ttEA.Eat tE comes up. In 138 opoou~v{ Ka8' ropav EKacr'tl1v followed by a list of flowers and fruits. V. 83 ~ECPUPOU 1tvdov'tO· matVE'tat 0 cr'taxue;, 015'tO>v uve~o>v mo'ta'tq> ZECPUPq>, Call. fr. 110.53 9T\AUv, Nonn. D. 3.1 0 ZEcpUpoto 1tpoa'Y'YEAoEa~ ~avenO"t, Aiy' EO"'tEVOV. The tEPOV 7tEOV and the mourning of the blond Hesperid Nymphs (Aiy' EO"'tEVOV, cf. Theoc. 7.141 EO"'tEVE 'tpuyrov) be ar a similarity to Demeter and the scenery around Bourina. In 1427-28 'EO"7tEpTI alYEtpo~, 7t'tEAtJ, ' 'Epufhlt~ EyEV'tO,l A1YAll ö' i'tEill~ tEPOV O"'t{)7tO~ the phrase alyEtpo~, 7t'tEAEll juxtaposes the constituents of what may be a novel Philitan combination, but note the chiasmus in this verse with the two trees surrounded by the two Nymphs and cf. Pherenicus Herad. SH 672 (Athen. 3.78b) "~UA.oV .. . 'AllaÖpUUÖt (: ßPUUÖt Wil.) 'tn UÖEAq>n IltYEv'ta IlE't' äAA(i)V YEvvllO"at .. . AlYEtpOV, fhEAEav ... Kat 't(l'\)'ta~ 'Allaöpuuöa~ vUIlq>a~ KaAEtO"Sat, which may suggest a mythographical list as a source here (for such lists of Hesperids see Roscher i.2, 2597.39f.). Orpheus recognises the divine creatures and implores them (1410 7taPllYopEEO"KE At'tftO"t). He asks for information about water, 1415-18: öEi~a't' EEA,ö0IlEvOtO"tv .. ./il 'ttva 7tE'tpaillv xuO"tv üÖa'to~ il 'ttva yaill~/tEPOV EKßAuov'ta, SEai, poov, cp U7tO Ölll'av I aiSollEvllV A(i)q>l]O"OIlEV. In the end, he promises to pay them back once the Argonauts get horne: Ilupia wpa .. ./AOtßU~ 't' dAa7tiva~ 'tE 7tapE~OIlEV (1420-21). All this constitutes a context which conceivably figured in Demeter with Chalcon requesting Demeter's help to find a water source and then paying her back with a rich feast. In 1403-05 EV BE At7t6v't(i)v / v8pT/~ AEpva{T/~ xo/Lov atllan 1t\KPOV CHO"'tWV,I f.lVlal Jrv(JO/1eVolO"lv Eq>' eÄxEO"l TEpO"atVOVTO, the poisonous juice of Lernaia and the putrefying corpse of Ladon with desiccated flies (the insect of decay par excellence, cf. 11. 19.24-7, see Janko on 16.641-4) around it, would provide a striking oppositio to Bourina's dear water with ßouYEvEa~ bees buzzing around it. Iivrea (see against hirn Vian iii Notes addit., 219) may be right in detecting an aUusion to spontaneous generation. 'tEpO"aivov'to might be meant to be a dehydrated contrast to the bees' association with water in P., cf. CaU. HyAp. 11 0, Theoc. 7.142. In 1450f. the Argonauts rush off uO"7taO"'tov tva O"q>tO"t 7tEq>paöEv AlyA1l/7ttÖaKa. The image of flies, greedily gathered around a tiny drop of honey, enriched with an image of ants who OlltAaMv can carry very little weight, perseveres in 1452-56: ro~ ö' 07tO'tE O"'tEtvllV 7tEPl XTlpallOV E1AtO"O"oV'tatl YEto'tOPOt IlUPllllKE~ OlltMMv, 11 Ö'tE Ilutat! UIlq>' OAtY1lV IlEAt'tO~ YAUKEPOU Atßa 7tE7t'tTJutatl ä7tAll'tov IlEIlUaO"lV E7tl]'tptllot· &~ 'to't' UOAAEt~/7tE'tpaill Mtvuat 7tEPl 7tiÖaKt ÖtVEUEO"KOV. As vocabulary and images in this passage portray notions which in CaU. and Theoc. have a poetological significance (see

POETICAL FRAGMENTS -

DEMETER

303

Kyriakou 212-4), Apollonius, in an ironie, sonlid reaetion, might be thought to address those who erowd to employ them. 143 IIId. Nicander There are seeure indieations that the author of TIer. and Alex. (the 'elder' Nieander) knew and alluded to Demeter. If Hermesianax in TIer. 3 cpiA' 'Epll'l1(:nava~, 1tOAfIDV K'Uoicr'tan: 1tawv, to whom the poem is addressed, is to be identified with Nie.'s eompatriot poet (an unlikely possibility, cf. T. 16), an aequaintanee with P. eould be established on the basis of this link. Nie. is the author of Glossai in more than three books, frr. 120-145. His own interest in lexieography would lead hirn to P. He gives room to Philitan voiees in similes or digressions mostly in Alex. In Alex. 126 ota 'tE Ol] YIlPEla VfOV 'tE8pullllfva lCalC'tou he neatly echo es fr. 20 Yllpucrat'to OE VEßpOiT\~. It is always related to humble activities and persons, cf. Hes. WD 469-70 0 OE 'tU't8o~ 12 See Murr 17, Stad1er, RE VI.1.470-2 s.v. Erle, Gennadios 516, Lexique des termes de botanique en latin, Paris 1956, 24, Meiggs 108-9.

J.

Andre,

POETICAL FRAGMENTS -

EPIGRAMS AND PAEGNIA

325

oma9E1Ö/-L&oC;; fXWV /-LaKEAl1v etc., AR. l.l533, [Mosch.] Megara 94, 108, Antip. Thess. GPh 7l.3, Antiph. GPh 42.3, see Livrea on AR. l.c., Gow on Theoc. 16.32 (a wealthy leader inimical to the Muses dies without posthumous farne) wad nc;; /-LaKEA~ 'tE'tUAW/-LEVOC;; fvÖo9t XEtpac;;. Here Theoc. has P. in mind. For the epic rarity of atpw (~ adpw, äpvu/-Lt) see Hopkinson on CaU. HyDem. 34.

25.3a. E1tEroV .. lCOOJ.l0V In Od. 8.489 Odysseus praises Demodocus for singing All1V .. Ka'ta KOa/-LOv. Epic characters talk Ka'ta KOa/-LOV (e.g. HHHerm. 433) or ou Ka'ta Koa/-Lov (e.g. Od. 8.179) and Thersites in ll. 2.213 f7tEa ... äKOa/-LU 'tE 7tOAAU 'tE 11Öl1, see Ebeling s.v. KOa/-LOC;; I.b, in HeUenistic poetry Livrea on AR. 4.360. For E7tEWV .. Koa/-Lov cf. Solon lEG 1.2, Parmen. 28 B 8.52 D-K, Democr. 68 B 21 D-K (Homer) E7tEWV KOa/-LOV E'tEK't~va'to 7tav'tOlwv, Antip. Thess. GPh 20.3 (7totl1'tat aKav9oAOYOt) E7tEWV Koa/-LOV AEAuyta/-LEVOV aa~aav'tEC;; (which may be indebted to P., cf. All. Test. Dub. 2), then Simon. lEG 11.23-4 (invocation to Muse) 'tOVÖ[E /-LEA]ieppova K[oa/-LOV aO]tÖftc;;/iWE't]~Pl1C;; with C. O. Pavese, ZPE 107 (1995), 15 (add Orph. Arg. 252, then Theogn. 242-3), Pind. fr. 194.2-3 7tOtKlAov/KoaJ.l0v au8aEv'ta AOYWV, Simias Ov. 10 KOa/-LOv .. ,Ju9/-L&v, further Od. 1l.367 /-LOPep~ E7tEWV, Hes. J;VD 403 ~ HHAp. 20 vO/-LOC;; E7tEWV, Pind. O. 3.8-9 E7tEWV 'tE 9Eatv / ... aU/-L/-LEt~at 7tPE7tOV'tWC;;, Posid.? HE 24.2 't]&v EnEWV aoepln, Nicarch. HE 3.3 (Homer's) 'tEK'toauvl1 E7tEWV, see Nünlist 90-7. Koa/-Loc; in Arist. Poet. 1452b2 is a literary value but more information is prohibited by a lacuna in the text. "It must refer to some sort of ornament. At R(het.) 1404a34, b37 and Isocr. 9.9 KoaJ.loc; and KEKOa/-Ll1J.lEVl1 AE~tC;; include all poetical and abnormal use of language", Lucas on 1457b33. The E7tEWV KOa/-Loc;; he re refers to the form, i.e. the arrangement and articulation of the content (the /-Lu9wv ot/-LOC;; of the next verse). 25.3b.

J.lO'YI1mxc;

is a stock-phrase in epic referring to the toils in the batdefield (Janko on ll. 15.235), or to Odysseus' adventures (Garvie on Od. 6.175-7), cf. also Hes. Theog. 967, Theogn. 7l. Invertedly, the phrase refers here to the toils of erudition to be injected into a learned poem. Bach 42 referred to [Manetho] Apot. 1.8 (I wiU sing of the stars) vUK'tac;; äu7tvoC;; Erov Kat EV f!/-Laat 7tOAAa /-Lo~aac;;. P. hirns elf was acclaimed for his learned industry. For the erudite poet's 7tOVOC;; cf. Theoc. 7.51 /-LEAUÖpWV E~E7tOVaaa (note the diminutive), Hermesian. CA 7.35 (Mimnermus discovered the pentameter) 7tOAAOV ava'tAaC;;, Asclep. HE 28.1 YAUKUC;; 7tOVOC;; 'HPlVVl1C;, CaU. HE 55.1 'tou IaJ.lloU 7tOVOC; dJ.ll, AR. 4.1775-76 E7tt KAu'ta 1to'}JJy,

326

POETICAL FRAGMENTS -

EPIGRAMS AND PAEGNIA

1tdpa8' h::avro/ U/lEtEProV Ka/latrov, Herodas 8.71 ta /lEAEa ... tOUe; ~blOUe; /lOX8oue;, Meleag. HE 129.3, Bion fr. 8.3, Antip. Thess. GPh 31.1-2 ßißAOV//ltKPi'JV ... 1tOvllcra/lEVOe;, 103.1. 13 In id. GPh 85.11tovoe; refers to a work of art. Outside this context, simi1ar terms may refer to the composition of a text/ speech without any further imp1ications, cf. Thuc. 3.38.2 tO Eil1tpE1tEe; tOU A.Oyou eK1tOv~crae;, Long. Praif. 3 tEttapae; ßißAOUe; e~E1tOvllcra/lllv.

25.3c.

.. ./...

P.'s poetic ideal requires the poet to work hard (1tOAAa /lo~crae;) and to know: erudition is the fundament of good poetry. Hermesian. CA 7.22 praised Hesiod as 1taOT\e; l1pavov lmopille;. CaU. in ITpoe; ITpa~Hpavllv fr. 460 praised Aratus eile; 1tOAU/la8i1 Kat äptcrtov 1totllt~V and was hirnself praised as 1toAuicrtrop, Ei: ne; äAAOe; in Strabo T. 68 Pf., see Pfeiffer 1968, 125 with n. 5. The old perception that (oral) poetry is a gift granted by the Muses or a god is here inverted. For the dome; poet cf. ll. 7.241, Hes. Theog. 27-8, Theogn. 669-70, Antiphan. peG 207.6, Call. HE 30, fr. 64.10?, Leon. Tar. HE 58.6, Alex. Aet. CA 4.2, Adesp. Frust. Auct. SH 1153, Theoc. 15.97 1tOA{nOpte; aot06e;, 146, the Sa1makis-epigram 50 (2nd cent. Be) Zllvoootov tpaytK(l)v tOptv .. e1tErov, GVI 697.5 (3rd cent. AD) alvi'Jp tOpte; Moucrrov. For emcrta/lEVOe;, a technical term for the 'know1edge' of the poet, cf. Gd. 21.406, HHHenn. 479, Archil. lEG 1.2, Solon lEG 13.52, Plato ~mp. 223d tou autou avÖpoc; EtVat Kro/lqlöiav Kat tpaYqlöiav e1ticrtacr8at 1totElV, Theoc. 17.7, 113, Posid.? HE 24.4, Theodor. HE 14.1 and see U. Dubielzieg, RhM n.s. 138 (1995), 343-4 on CaU. fr. 1.8. For the two synonyms cf. Anon. HE 56.1-2 otoa (j>tAElV .. €1ticrta/lat .. .I/ltcrElV and in general see fr. 4.2e. ei~~

E1tt.cr'taJ.I.8V~

Cf. Il. 20.248-9 cr'tPE1tti'J OE yArocrcr' ecr'tt ßpo'trov, 1tOAEEe; 0' EVt /lu8ot! 1tavtolOt, e1tErov OE 1tOAUe; VO/lOe; Ev8a Kat Ev8a, Gd. 22.347-8 (Phemius) 8EOe; OE /lOt ev Virg. E. 6.61, Mythogr. Vat. 139 or from Aphrodite's grove in Tamassos (Cyprus) in Ov. Met. 10. 644f., see Bömer ad loc. An Attic red-figure calyx crater of c. 420 BC depicts Atalanta and Hippomenes nude before the footrace while Aphrodite receives the apples from a winged Eros, see J. M. Barringer, CIA 15 (1996), 71-4. Here they come from Dionysus' wreath. A wreath of apples would not be unparalleled (Hippon. lEG 60, Meleag. HE 1.27), but Dionysus' involvement is exceptional. L Theoc. 2.120a (289.20 Wendel) say that Call. fr. 412 €V 'tq> ITept Aoyaorov (?collection of diverse rare stories?) 'tov ßtovuO'ou O''t€tAl]'ta~ CE) ö' EV 'A'taK'tot~ ayyE'iov ~UAtvOV, atAi'ta~ avov'. lAhae; OE q>llO"l' ' Kaibel) O"tEq>avOe; ~youv ~rovu~ia a~q>otEpro8l, otov tl1e; KEq>aAl1e; Kat 'tOll t1tprotOU (1tEpt autl1e;?) K60"~ou. AEYro OE (suppI. Fränkel) to E1tt tOll q>pEatOe; Kat tOll EYXEtPlOiou 10"8~tov' (CE: t0"8tov A: avol 1tap' AioAEllO"tV Kat "IffiO"tv, oüe; 1tEpt tOUe; tpaXl)AoUe; 1tEPlEti8EVtO, roe; O"aq>roe; EO"'ttV ~a8e'iv EK tl1e; 'AAKaiou Kat 'AvaKpEOVtOe; 1totl)O"Effic; (ibid. 15.674~). lAhae; (A: lAl)tae; CE) 8' Ev to'ie; 'AtulC'tote; u1t08u~i8a (Kaibel: -i8ae; A) AEO"ßioue; q>llO"tV KaAE'iv ~upO"ivlle; KArova, 1tEpt ÖV 1tAEKEtV ta Kat äAAa ävfhl.

Fr. 43 EAlVOe; a. EtG (AB) E 384 L. (EtM (POR) E 402 L.) EAlV6e;' fJ ä~1tEAOe;, roe; 'A1toM68ropoe; (FGrH 244 F 247). tMtae; (lAl1tae; PO) 8' Ev fAc.OcrO"ate; toV KM80v tile; a~1tEAoU (ffic; 'A1toU60. - fAc.OcrO"ate; B: 11 A). NiKavopOe; EV 8rJptaKo'ie; (Alex. 181; NiK. - 01lptaKo'ie; praeb. EtM). b. L Nie. Alex. 181f, p. 88 Geymonat EAivoto· tOll KM80u tile; a~1tEA.ou. c. Hseh. E 1998, 11.64 Latte EAtvoi (Latte ex EtM: EAEVOl H)' KAl)~ata {ta} (deI. Latte) trov a~1tEArov.

GRAMMATICAL FRAGMENTS

351

Fr. 44 L A.R. 4.989i, 302.7 Wendel cr'tuxuv 01l1tVtOV' 1tOAUV, BmjltAll. tAll'ta~ EV 'A'tUK'tOt~ YArocrcrat~ a1teBroKE 'OIl1tVtOV cr'tuxuv' 'tov EÜXUAOV Kat 'tPOq>tIlOV. KUPTlvatrov Be 'ttvE~ 'tov 1tAOUcrtOV Kat EUBatllova OIl1tVtOV KaAouO"tv. ällEtvOV Be 'tOV q>EpecrßtOV Ei1tEtV, OiOVEt EIl1tVOOV nva ov'ta Kat 01l1tVtOV.

Fr. 45 a l • Orion Koes. 185.32 Sturz 'AXatu' 1, dTlIl~'tTlP 1tapa 'A't'ttKOt~. EtPTl'tat 1tapa 'to äxo~ 'tfl~ AU1tTl~. oü'tro MBullo~ (fr. 49 Sehmidt). Kat ön IlE'ta KUIlßuArov i]xoucra 'tl]v KOPTlv EI;~'tEt. i], ro~ tA~'ta~, 'ta~ EpteOU~ aXata~ EKUAOUV. a 2 • hine EtGud. auet. (d) 248.13 de Stefani (ubi tATl'ta~ d, tATl'tU~ d 2). b l • Hseh. 0. 8806, 1.297 Latte 'Axaia' E1tt8E'tOV d~IlTl'tpo~ ... oi Be LEpta p llaAaKU. b 2 • id. 0. 8877, 1.300 Latte [axtu. Epta llaAaKU].

Fr. 46 ällaAAat a. Hseh. 0. 341 7, 1.120 Latte ällaUat (Alberti: -0. H)' BpuYIla.'ta, BecrllTl (-at Blaydes) 'trov acr'taxurov. Loq>oKAll~ Tpt1t'tOAeIlCJl (fr. 607). aYKuA:rl, opuYlla'ta p', ro~ q>Tlcrt "Icr'tpo~ (FGrH 334 F 62), VU~Ol~ (Athen. 11.480f).2 ä~cpo>'tov (adj.) of a goblet oeeurs as a Homerie hapax in Gd. 22.9-10 äA.ElO"OV .. .I .. ä~cpO>'tov (varied in Theoe. 1.27-8 lC10"aUßlOV .. .I a~cp&E~) and it is eoneeivable that ä~CPO>~l~ was brought up by P. in the dis-

I As in EUWXtU, ÖlWX~~ (cf. Eustath. Comm. Il. 882.13 (III.318 van der Valk) ÖlWX~~ ... alto tOU Öuo EXElV, see K-A on Pherecr. PCG 3), or Res. 1heog. 690 uO'O'ffiv XPUO'EatC; 1tEAAatC; yavoc;, which direcdy reflects the At. GI. (cf. Lyc.'s reception of fr. 44). The L ad loc. (231.33 Scheer) explain 1tEAAll as 1tOt~EVtKOV 1to-nlpwv ~ O'KUq>OC; and paraphrase XpuO'OtC; 1to'tllptOtC;. Thus Lyc. emulates Hes. 77zeog. 785 EV XPUO'EU 1tpOX0

(add. M. Deufert, Hermes 128 (2000), 255) 011OV ("tragoedia" Schmidt ad 10c.), see Chantraine DE S.V. 1tfP1CVO~, Orth, RE VIII.2.1942 s.v. Hirsch. The word after Od. l.c. appears as 1tpOKa~ in HHAphr. 71 and is said to have been employed instead of EAo.q>O~ by Archil. lEG 280 (Aristoph. Byz. fr. 186) in the sense 'coward'. It does not co me up again unti1 Arist.'s zoo1ogica1 works (3x), but finds new 1ife in the erudite poets: A.R. 2.279 (hunting JCUVf~) 11 o.'{yo.~ KfPo.OU~ ';E 1tpOKo.~ iXVfUOV'tf~, Call. HyArt. 154 (~ 155) 1tpOKo.~ ,;OE Ao.ycoou~ with L 'I' 154b (1I.63 Pf.) VfßpOU~ and vv. 95f., id. HyPal. 91-2 ö6PKo.~ . ./Ko.1 1tpOKo.~, Nic. TIer. 577-8 Ao.ycoou/il1tpoKo~ ';E VfßPOtO [586 ';E Ko.t E~ EAaq>Oto, which Gow transposed after 578] with L 578a (220.8 Crugno1a) 1tPOKO~' 'tOU 'tE1CVOU 'tfj~ oopKaoo~, Alex. 324.21 1tPC01:01:0KO