Pavlov I - Northwest. The Upper Paleolithic Burial and Its Settlement Context 8086023044

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ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN BRNO

PAVLOV I - NORTHWEST

DOLNOVESTONICKE STUDIE, SVAZEK 4 THE DOLNI vESTONICE STUDIES, VOL.4

PAVLOV I - NORTHWEST THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC BURIAL AND ITS SETTLEMENT CONTEXT

DOLNOVESTONICKE STUDIE, SVAZEK 4 THE DOLNi VESTONICE STUDIES, VOL.4 Edited by Jifi Svoboda

Assistant Editor: Petr Skrdla

Editorial cooperation: Erik Trinkaus and Vladimir Sladek (anthropology), Gilbert Tostevin (archaeology), and Dixie West (archaeozoology)

2

PAVLOV I- NORTHWEST THE UPPER P ALEOLITHIC BURIAL AND ITS SETTLEMENT CONTEXT

Bohuslav Klima, Emanuel Vlcek, J. M. Adovasio, Freddy Damblon, D. C. Hyland, Lenka Jarosova, RudolfMusil, Jan van der Plicht, Olga Soffer, Jiff Svoboda, Petr Skrdla, Erik Trinkaus, Pamela Vandiver, and Alexander Verpoorte

Bmo 1997

3

The Dolni Vestonice Studies, Volume 4/ 1997

Dolnovestonicke studie, svazek 4/1997

Published by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology, Knilovopolska 14 7, 612 00 Brno, Department of Paleolithic and Paleoethnology, 69129 Dolni Vestonice

Vydal Archeologicicy ustav Akademie ved Ceske republiky Kralovopolska 147, 612 00 Brno, odd. paleolitu a paleoetnologie , 69129 Dolni Yestonice

Project supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, project No 404/93 /2359

Projekt podpofila Grantova agentura Ceske republiky, projekt 404/93 /2359

Publication supported by the Scientific Publications Fund, Narodni 3, 110 00 Praha

Publikaci podpofil Fond pro vydavani vedecke literatury, Narodnf 3, 110 00 Praha

Printed by IRIS Hustopece

Tisk IRIS Hustopece

Cover dessign by Pave! Dvorsicy

Kresba na obalce Pave! Dvorsicy

ISBN 80-86023-04-4

4

CONTENT:

Editorial note

9

PART 1: THE SITE AND THE BURIAL

I!

B. Klima: Excavation History, Stratigraphy and Context - Grabungsgeschichte, Stratigraphie und Fundumstande

13

E. V leek: Human Remains from Pavlov and the Biological Anthropology of the Gravettian Human Population in South Moravia

53

E. Trinkaus: Cross-Sectional Geometry of the Long Bone Diaphyses of Pavlov I

155

PART 11: THE ARTIFACTS

167

L.

Jaro~ova:

Spatial Distribution of Artifacts

169

J. Svoboda: Lithic Industries of the 1957 Area

179

A. Verpoorte: Along the Peripheries of a Radiolarite Concentration : The Lithic Industry of

211

1956/ABC and 1958 B. Klima: Bone Industry, Decorative Objects, and Art - Knochenindustrie, Zier- und Kunstgegenstande

227

PART Ill: THE TECHNOLOGIES

287

B. Klima: The Question of Microindustry from Pavlov - Zur Frage der Mikroindustrie aus Pavlov

289

P. Skrdla: Pavlovian Lithic Technologies

313

P. Yandiver: Pavlov I Pigments and their Processing

373

0 . Soffer and P. Vandiver: The Ceramics from Pavlov I- 1957 Excavation

383

J. M. Adovasio, D. C. Hyland and 0 . Soffer: Textiles and Cordage: A Prelimirary Assesment

403

PART IV: THE INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTRIBUTIONS

425

J. van der Plicht: The Radiocarbon Dating

427

F. Damblon : Anthracology and Past Vegetation Reconstruction

437

R. Musil : Hunting Game Analys is

443

5

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS:

J. M. Adovasio, Mercyhurst Archaeological Institute, Mercyhurst College, Erie, Pennsylvania 16546, USA Freddy Damblon, Royal Belgian Institute ofNatural Sciences, rue Vautier 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium D. C. Hyland, Mercyhurst Archaeological Institute, Mercyhurst College, Erie, Pennsylvania 16546, USA Lenka Jarosova, Institute of Archaeology, Dept. of Paleolithic and Paleoethnology, 69129 Dolni Vestonice 25, Czech Republic Bohuslav Klima, Institute of Archaeology, Dept. of Paleolithic and Paleoethnology, 69129 Dolni Vestonice 25 , Czech Republic Rudolf Musil, Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Bmo, Czech Republic Jan van der Plicht, Groningen University, Center for Isotope Research , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands Petr Skrd la, Institute of Archaeology, Dept. of Paleolithic and Paleoethnology, 69129 Dolni Vestonice 25 , Czech Republic Olga Soffer, University of Illinois, Dept. of Anthropology, I 09 Davenport Hall, 607 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 6180 I, USA Jii'i Svoboda, Institute of Archaeology, Dept. of Paleolithic and Paleoethnology, 69129 Dolni Vestonice 25 , Czech Republic Erik Trinkaus, Depa1tment of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM 87131 , USA , & U.R.A . 376 du C.N .R.S. , Laboratoire d' Anthropologie, Universite de Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France Pamela Yandiver, Smithsonian Institution, Conservation Analytical Lab. , Washington , DC 20560, USA Alexander Verpoorte, Leiden University, Archaeological Center, Reuvensplaats 4, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Emanuel Vlcek, National Museum, Vaclavske nam. 68, 120 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic

7

Professor MUDr Emanuel Vlcek, D.Sc. Born on March 1, 1925 Leading personality in Czech physical anthropology, palaeoanthropology, primatology, and palaeopathology Analysed and described archaic human remains from Bilzingsleben, Ehringsdorf, Petralona, Pech de I' Aze, La Quina, Ganovce, Sal a, Sipka, and Sveduv still modern human remains from Pavlov, Dolni Vestonice, Svitavka, Koneprusy, and Sungir as well as a large number of remains from later prehistoric and historic periods, including members of Czech Royal Dynasties Ad multos annos!

8

EDITORIAL NOTE

The present stage of Paleolithic research in Moravia is characterized by a shift from the large-scale fieldworks, typical of the 1950's and 1960's, towards a more structured network of small, strategically located excavations and towards a complex interpretation of the previously accumulated evidence. Such a change, quite pragmatic, responds not only to the general shortage of financial support that does not allow the continuation of fieldwork on the same scale, but also to the state of the material evidence now in hand. The collections accumulated during the past decades of intensive fieldwork at the Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, thanks mainly to the systematic researches headed by Bohuslav Klima, constitute an important evidence on societies of the complex hunters-gatherers during the Upper Paleolithic. Our principal goal was an analysis of the site Pavlov I. Among the other large sites of Moravia Pavlov I is unique in being systematically excavated by one researcher, B. Klima, utilizing a single strategy. The actual nature of the project, however, is multifacetted, collective, and interdisciplinary. It appears that each topic one may address at Pavlov I, be it environment, dating, subsistence, materials, technologies, or rituals, opens a new set of problems to be investigated. Archaeological approaches to a large hunter-gatherer's site like Pavlov I may be based on a variety of presumptions. The extreme viewpoints may either explain it as an extensive, chronologically contemporaneous ,village", or alternatively, as an accumulation of a number of separate occupation events. The reality lies somewhere in between. It emerges gradually, by analysing and comparing a number of characters at various parts of the site. The first volume on Pavlov I (excavations 1952-53, The Dolni Vestonice Studies 2 I ERAUL 66) was, in fact, a pilot study centered on this kind of multidisciplinary analysis in southeastern part of the site. The northwestern part of the site Pavlov I (excavations 1957-58), presented in this volume, has several specific characteristics: first, the male burial, second, two settlement features, possibly huts, one of which was a center of ceramic production, with abundant evidence of ochre and ochre processing, third, the high frequency of radiolarite among the lithics, and fourth , greater amount of mammoth remains among the fauna . In the light of this, physical anthropology intervenes as an important component of this complex analysis. For the next years, we are preparing to continue to work on Pavlov I, centering on the extremely rich area at the southern part of the site, with several settlement units (excavations 1954-56). Theoretically, the next volume should address the problems of settlement archaeology at this large site, the possibilites in separating dwelling features, and their spatial and chronological relationships. In addition, other topics will be prepared for publication, such as the evidence from earlier or from ongoing excavations of Upper Paleolithic cave sites in the karst, Mesolithic sandstone rockshelters, and the Early Upper Paleolithic site of Stranska skala. In 1995, the increasing scale of these projects and their requisite organisation by the Institute of Archaeology led to founding the specialized Department of Paleolithic and Paleoethnology. The traditional term ,Paleoethnology" was borrowed from Karel Absolon and aims to demonstrate research continuity. In 1991-1993, the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences awarded a grant for the processing of the first segment of the Pavlov I site (the 1952-53 excavation area). In 1993-1995, the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic sponsored another grant, centered on processing the opposite part of the same site (excavations 1957-58). Between 1992-1996, the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation funded parallel fieldwork at important Gravettian sites in Moravia and Silesia, and since 1996 the WennerGren Foundation sponsors human paleontological and archaeological analyses, in collaboration with Erik Trinkaus. The publication of The Dolni Vestonice Studies is sponsored by the Scientific Publications Fund in Prague. We would like to acknowledge the support of all the abovementioned agencies.

Jil'iSvoboda

9

Pavlov I- Northwest

PART I THE SITE AND THE BURIAL

11

Pavlov I- Northwest

GRABUNGSGESCHICHTE, STRATIGRAPHIE UND FUNDUMSTANDE Excavation History, Stratigraphy and Context

Bohuslav Klima

Summary Excavations in 1956. Detailed surface surveys over the whole area of Pavlov I localized places where the cultural layer occurred on surface, and delimited probable outlines of the site. At the western edge, at the adjacent wineyard, the site boundary was already indicated by a trench made in 1953. At the end of the 1956 season, three larger trenches (A-B-C) were located there in order to confirm these observations. The trenches 1956 A-B-C confirmed that the whole site is located in frontal parts of a large, redeposited earth bloc, vertically eroded by several furrows. Shape of the site makes and oval with the longer axis (about I 00 m) oriented along the slope from north to south. It lies in absolute altitude of 200 m, 35 m above the valley floor. The three trenches also indicated the optimal direction for future fieldwork. The first trench, A, showed that the cultural layer is generally disturbed by agricultural activities, and in the eastern part also by an erosinal furrow (which was later followed throughout the whole northwestern part of the site). Higher against the slope, in the trench B, several tongue-shaped relicts of an ashy layer appeared, in deeper places superposed over each other. Still higher against the slope, in the trench C, the cultural layer was more compact and rich in archeological materials, especially in the eastern part. Fragments of animal bones lied concentrated in the erosional furrow, as if pressed among the limestone blocs. In this context, two isolated fragments of human jaws, Pavlov 2 and 3, and two teeth were discovered, indicating the possible presence of more complex human remains nearby. Among the other bone remains, few rhinoceros bones were found , obviously belonging to remains of the same individual found later in the 1957 area. A suspicios concentration of molluscs (Pupilla muscorum) suggested a permanent wetness and a periodical presence of water within the furrow .

Excavations in I957. Further excations behind the wineyard, in the I3 m wide plot, were among the most succesful in Pavlov I in general. As high as I 00 cm above the cultural layer we already recognized dispersed rhinoceros bones, following the shape of the erosional furrow. Later stratigraphic observations showed that during deposition of the uppermost loess, the furrow was repeatedly eroded and refilled. This observation was also confirmed in lateral sections of the trench: in the southern wall, in contact with the furrow, we observed periglacial features such as the cryoturbation. A trench to the subsoil, located at the foot of this section, revealed redeposited layers of loess with limestone blocs, weathered Tertiary sandstones and silts, including remains of a dark-brown soil. In the western wall we were able distinguish eight gley horizons separating the uppermost loess, i.e., a section comparable to the one discovered above the mammoth-bone deposit at Dolni V~stonice I. Attention was paid to the network of controll sections through the cultural layer as well. At several places, this layer was composed by separate ashy microlayers, the origin of which is only partly the result of a mechanic redeposition of the same layer by solifluction, cryoturbation, and (in the area of the furrow) erosion . Partly, as in the eastern part of the trench, we observed the development of two subsequent ashy horizons in direct superposition, separated by a thin loessic interlayer. This confirms the hypothesis of two settlement stages, the earlier preserved rather in the western part, and the later in the eastern part. Even if such complex depositionary conditions complicate the horizontal interpretation of the site patterning, it was possible to identifY two settlement units. The first one (No XII), with the diameter of 4 m, is limited by post-holes in the periphery and by central hearth with kettle-shaped holes in center. It also includes several mammoth bones, some of which vere anchored vertically, and a large and flat limestone bloc, serving, probably, as a seat. The second unit (No Xlll) was similarly represented by a

13

The Dolni Vestonice Studies 4. 1997

group of large and well-preserved mammoth bones, ordered in the same shape and size, but in a generally lighter sort of construction, and with a short-term central hearth . This structure seems to be erected later, after the destruction of unit XII. The erosion equally affected the ritual burial, discovered at the edge of the erosional furrow, under the bloc of undisturbed sediments separating the 1956 and 1957 areas . A mammoth shoulder-blade covered the skeleton, originally laid in a crouched position, which lacks the bones of chest, backbone, pelvis and others. Together with an unusual position of the both femurs , these observations also suggest postmortal manipulation with the body. The burial lacks other ritual evidence, typical for that time-period, such as a shallow burial bed, coverage of red ochre, and items of personal decoration .

Excavations in 1958. A smaller area, continuing against the slope above the 1957 area, was excavated in 1958. Among the numerous foreign visitors, the stay ofHenri Delporte was of importance: Delporte, enthusiastic about the richess of the collections and especially about the art, suggested a specific cultural term for these materials: the Pavlovian. First mammoth and horse bones were discovered as high as the uppemost level of the erosional furrow filling. They indicate a possible bone deposit located higher on the slope, larger and more variable in species than would be expected on the basis of the earlier fmds of rhinoceros only. However thick the overlying loess in this area was, it yielded no supplementary stratigraphic observations. The deposit was so disturbed by cryoturbation, solifluction, frost wedges and fissures, that no horizons of brown earths (expected under dry conditions), pseudogleys (in wet conditions), nor any redeposited fragments of the both sediments could be distinguished. Similarly, the cultural layers was deformed into features partially redeposited over each other that do not indicate superposed settlement stages nor separate construction remains. Another trench, directed into the neighbouring plot, should confirm the supposed peripheric character of this part of the site, and locate its boundaries. The boundary was clearly visible, with only a few dispersed animal bones behind. Among the most remarkable finds of the 1958 season we should mention a complete wolverine skull and eight pierced fox teeth, probably from a necklage, found together in a small pit.

PAVLOV 1956

Nach der genauen Untersuchung eines breiteren Rahmens der palaolithischen Station Pavlov I, die auf dem Aufsammeln aller oberfHi.chigen Steinartefakte und Knocheniiberreste fossiler Tiere beruhte, ist es gelungen eine gute Obersicht iiber das Auftreten der Kulturschicht in die Ackerkrumme und iiber die offensichtliche Ausdehnung der Fundstelle zu gewinnen. Ein solches "Fenster", wie K. Absolon ahnliche Einblicke in die unterirdischen Verhaltnisse zutreffend nannte, breitete sich iiber die beiden westlich der ersten Arbeiten liegenden Parzellen weiter aus und verriet, dass der Lagerplatz einen ziemlich grossen Raum einnimt. Diese Tatsache bestatigte auch ein kleiner Orientierungsschacht, der schon im J ahre 19 53 an der westlichen Grenze des benachbarten W einberges geOffnet wurde. In dieser Richtung hinter ihm war es moglich ohne Hindemisse und in einem unbegrenzten Masstabe in den Arbeiten fortzusetzen (Fig. 1). Zu Ende der archaologischen Kampagne im Jahre 1956 wurden hier deshalb zu guter Letzt drei zusammenhangenden Flachen blossgelegt (Sonde A-B-C). In der berechtigten Voraussetzung, dass sich die Kulturschicht wie immer von ihrem Ausgang in der Ackerkrumme dem Hange gegeniiber in die Tiefe neigt, fing man an die erste Sonde A unterhalb, nordlich des Fensters zu Offnen. Diese hat gezeigt, dass die ausklingende Fundschicht nicht nur durch die langwierige und intensive 14

Pavlov I- Northwest

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Tab. I4. Dental dimensions of the Gravettians from Moravia (I3, I4, 15, 16, Pavlov I and 2, Svitavka, and Brno 3. 1: Mesio-distal length; 2: bucco-lingual breadth; 3: buccal height of the remaining crown; 4: lingual height of the remaining crown. NB: the mesurements indicate the preserved dimensions of the teeth after occlusal, interproximal and buccal attrition, not necessarily the original dimensions of the crowns Tab. 14A

11

12

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PI

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MI

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Maxilla I 2 3 4

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2 3 4 I 2 3 4 I 2 3 4 I 2 3 4 I 2 3 4 I 2 3 4 I 2 3 4

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10.0 8.0 9.5 9.0 7.5 7.0 8.3 8.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 7.5 10.5 8.0 6.0 7.0 10.5 7.0 6.0 I 1.0 12.3 6.0 6.0 10.0 13.0 8.0 7.0 9.0 12.0 7.0 6.0

DV 16 sin dx

DV 15 dx sin 8.0 7.3 7.0 7.3 7.0 8.0 7.0 7.3 8.3 9.0 11.0 10.0 8.0 10.0 7.5 5.5 7.0 10.0 7.5 5.0 I 1.0 12.0 6.5 6.0 11.0 13.5 8.3 8.0 10.0 13.0 8.0 8.0

8.0 8.0 7.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 7.0 7.0 8.0 10.0 10. 9.0 7.3 10.0 8.0 5.5 7.0 10.0 8.0 5.5 10.0 12.0 6.0 6.0 10.6 13.5 8.0 9.0 10.5 13 .0 8.0 9.0

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8.5 12.0 6.0 7.0

Pavlov 2 sin dx

Pavlov I dx sin 6.6 7.0 3.0 0.0 6.0 6.3 4.5 0.5 7.3 9.0 5.0 1.0 7.0 9.0 5.0 3.0 7.0 9.3 4.0 3.5 10.0 11.5 5.0 4.0 9.5 12.0 6.0 4.0

5.0? 6.3 2.0 0.5 6.3 9.0 3.08 1.5 6.5 9.0 4.08 4.0 6.3 9.0 4.38 4.0 10.0 11.3 4.08 3.0 10.0 13.0 5.58 4.0

-

-

-

-

Svitavka dx sin

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6.3 9.0 4.0 4.0 7.0 9.0 4.08 5.0 10.0 I 1.0 5.58 3.0 10.0 12.0 6.08 7.0 10.3 12.0 7.0 7.0

-

7.0? 9.0 4.5? 4.0 10.0 11.3 6.08 4.0 10.0 12.0 8.0 6.0 -

-

-

8.0 9.0 10.5 11.0 7.0 9.5 8.0 7.0 5.5 9.0 7.5 5.5 10.0 11.0 7.0 5.0 8.0! 13.0! 7.0 6.0 12.0! 8.0! 5.0 5.0

Bmo 3 sin dx 6.0 7.0

6.5 7.0

6.5 6. 5 9.0 10.0

5.2 6.3

5.4 6.3

-

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.3

6.0 8.8

6.0 9.3

5.5 9.0

6.4 9.8

9.4 11.2

I 0.4 I 1.4

9.0 10.9

9.6 I 1.4

8.00 11.0

8.7 10.9

-

-

-

7.0 9.5 8.0 7.0 5.5 9.0 6.0 6.0 10.0 11.0 8.0 7.0 8.0! 13.0! 5.0 5.0 -

-

Tab. 14 B Mandibu la 11 1 2 3 4 12 1 2 3 4 1 c 2 3 4 PI I 2 3 4 P2 I 2 3 4 I MI 2 3 4 M2 I 2 3 4 M3 1 2 3 4

DV dx 5,3 6,6 4,6 5.0 6,3 7,3 6,0 6,3 7,6 9,0 8,3 8,0 7,3 8,6 7,0 7.0 7,2 9,0 8,0 5,0 12,0 11 ,0 6,0 6,3 11 ,3 11 ,0 8,0 5,3 10,3 11 ,0 7,3 5,3

13 sin 5,0 6,6 5,0 6,0 6,3 7,3 7,3 7.0 7,0 9,0 8,6 8,0 7,0 8,6 7,0 6,0 8,0 9,0 7,0 5.3 f2,3 11 ,0 5,6 5.5 11 ,0 11 ,0 8,0 5,0 11 ,3 10,0 7,3 5,6

DVI 4 sin dx 5,5 5,5 6,0 6,0 6,3 6,0 7,0 6,5 6,3 6,5 7,0 7,0 8,0 8,0 7,6 8,0 7.0 7,0 9,0 9,0 10,5 10,0 9,0 8.0 7,6 7,3 8,0 8,6 8,0 8,0 6,0 7.0 8,0 8,0 10.0 9,0 7,5 8,0 5,0 5,0 12,3 12,0 11 ,0 11 ,0 6,0 6,0 5,5 5,0 11 ,0 11 ,0 11 ,0 11 ,0 7,5 7,0 7,3 6,0

DV 15 dx sin 4,5 6,0 6,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 7,3 6,0 7,3 9,0 11 ,0 8,0 7,0 8,0 7,5 5.3 8,0 9,0 7,0 6.0 10,0 11 ,0 5,5 6,0 12,0 11 ,0 8,5 7.5 13,5? 11 ,0

-

-

D V 16 sin dx 4,0 4,0 6,3 6,5

4,0 7,0

5,0 6,5

-

7,5 9,0 11,0 8,0 7,0 8,0 8,0 6.0 8,5 9,0 7,5 5.0 11 ,0 11 ,0 6,0 6,0 12,0 12,0 8,5 6,0 -

11 ,0

5,0 9,0

6,0 10,0

6,0 9,0

5,0 9,0

6,0 9,0

6,0 9,0

10,0 11 ,2

10,0 10,5

10,0 11 ,0

11 ,0 11 ,0

Pavlov 1 dx 4,0 6,0 0,0 1,0 5,0 6,5 3,0 2,0 6,0 9,0 4,0 5,0 -

-

-

7,0 8,3 3,0 3,5 11 ,0 10,5? 2,0 4,0 11 ,0 11,0 5,0 5,0

-

sin 4,0 6,0 0,0 1,0 5,0 7,0 2,0 2,5 -

-

6,5 8,0 4,0 3,5 7,0 8,3 5,0 4,0 11 ,0 10,5 4,0 4,0 11,0 10,5 5,0 4,0 10,0 10,0 6,0 6,0

Pav lov 2 dx sin

-

-

-

-

12,0 11 ,0 8,0 6,3

-

6,3 7,5 9,0 3,0 7,0 6,3 6,0 3,0 7,5 8,0 6,0 4,0 10,0? 10,0 5,0 4,0

-

-

Sv itavka sin dx 5,0 5,0 6,0 6,0 9,0 9,0 8,0 9,0 5,5 6,0 6,0 6,0 8,0 8,0 9,0 9.0 7,0 8,0 11 ,5 10.0 7,0 7,0 8,0 8,0? 8,0 5,0 7.0 6,5 7,0 8,0 8,0 6,0 7,0 6,0 6,0 11 ,0 10,5 10,0 10,5 7,0 7,0 7,0 6,0 10,5 10,5 10,0 10,0 7,0 7,5 5,0 6,0

Brno3 dx sin 4,0 5,8

5,0 6,0

5,0 5,6

6,5 7,0

6,7 7,0

6,5 8,3

6,7 8,4

6,4 8,5

6,7 8,8

10,5 10,8

10.7 11 ,0

10,0 11 ,0

10,2 10,8

10,5 10,3

10, 8 10,6

;;o
-

~

...... .j:>.

Tab 158Kev: fc- -- - ~

-

- --

--

00

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Pithecanthropus 2 Pithecanthropus 4 Sa ngi ran 17(P 8l Si nanthropus 3 Olduvai OH 9 Arago in Sw+Si 3 Bilzingsleben in O H 9 Petralona Vertesszolos Broken Hill Ehri ngsdorf H Ganovce Gibraltar I La Chape ll e La Ferrassie Teschik-Tasch Ptedmosti 3 Ptedmosti 4 Pavlov l Dolni Yestonice 3 - - -- -

---

Tab - - 15 C- Kev: fc I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Pithecanthropus 4 Sangiran 17(P 8) Sinanthropus 3 Olduvai OH 9 Arago Bilzingsleben in OH 9 Petralona Broken Hill Ehringsdorf H Ganovce Gibraltar I

I - 8110 I 118 11301? 128 125 11331 124 133 128 11291 11401 126 135 132 145 15 1 138 141 136 138 124 I -416

b. 5

.,

2

.)

-

-

41 45 41 58 46 63 55 56 65 47 70 59 71 56 45 51 49

100 95 1861 98 104 11071 110 1911 11 3 -

104 11021 11081 107 103 101

~

4 106 105 107 11081 118 11 191 106 11061 11201 120 123 124 11 5 132 11 4 11 121 112

-

12 86 90 93 99 100

-

-

-

48 45 48 49

83 83 98 78 94 88 74 105 88 100 88 82 82 81

I I 041 122 11201 107 126 102 I I 001 123 12 1 68.80 12 1 173.901 132 176.601 133 78.70 127 74.30 120 8 1.40

7

8 1671 77 1851 1961 98 1991 98 94 91 90 1821

5 20 30 33 30 25

6 21 23 34 1301 19

7 19 30 32 25 32

8 19 23 30 1241 32

9 141 I 50 51 44 49

10 1431 48 50 1481 51

-

-

-

-

-

37 36

-

-

-

-

39 24

30 27

46

-

-

24 1251 36 29 35 27 26

23

30 24 26 13 1I 30 30

29 24 20

-

31

31 21 29 28 36 27 31

-

28 27 26 30 39 31 32

36 30 30

-

43 54 46 50 52 50 16 1I 49 49 48

-

50

56 59 50 58 54 52

-------

11

71 71

-

719 43.34 60.00 62.75 56.82 65.31

8110 44.19 47.92 60.00 50.00 62.75

-

-

-

-

79.8 1 68.03 8 1.67 72.90 74 .60 86.27 74 .00 85.40 72.70 82.60 62.10 61.60 64.60 67 .50

89.47 82.8 1 82. 17 85.71

65 .22 -

-

~

64.44

_..,.

-

48.98

-

69.76 44.44 56.50 162.001 57.70 60.00 -

-

11 112

-

-

78.13 76 .00 66.67 73.68 8 1.25 82.95 78.57 72.22 83.70

76.34 7 1,72

88.89 -

84 .80 82 . 10 83 .30 93.60 83.80 181.201 90.30

73.50 61.20 62.50

b.4 I

2

3

118 128 125 11291 11281 11261 129 137 126 135 11321

90 96 92 1941 99

-

8 4 8 3.5 5 2

98 103 112 104 11051

4 151 9 7

-

4 131? 13 1181 17 19 1191 16 10 7 1101 1101

5 Ill I 17 1261 20.5 24 121 I 16 14 1121 1191 17

6 1451 59 58 65 53 1781 58 60 68 68 65

80 77 85 73 79 95 105 104 Cl2o-13oY 104 82

~

4/1 89.83 80.77 83.59 86.40 88.72

311

211

518

64.64 75.00 68 .00 72 .87 76.56 78 .57 75.97 68.61 72 .22 66 .67 79.50

1.64 5.88 3.06 2.14 2.45 2.12 1.63 1.49 !.32 2.11 /2 .07 I

416 6.67 2.20 3.10 2.62 3.58 2.44 2 .76 1.67 1.03 1.47 11.451

-

40.00 -

50.00 45 .80 52.00 51.70 57.40 67 .50

~

s-~

v, '

0;::,

;::;· ~

V,

l2 ~

..._ '0 '0

')

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

La Chapel le La FeiTassie Teschik-Tasch Pfedmosti 3 Pfedmosti 4 Pavlov 1 Dolni Vestonice 3

117 114 119 11 5 114 110 108

145 15 1 138 /14 1I 136 138 124

94

73

15 1201 12 11 12 7 10

12 /15 / 6 6 10 5 10

3 5 6 5 2 2 -

-

-

78 70 82 73 62

110 11 7 106 124 133

80.7 75.5 86.2 81.6 83.8 79.7 87.1

99 /106/ 99 104 105 100 97

1.52 1.89 1.21 1.06 1.14 0.70 1.03

1.64 -

7.7 8.6 1.22 6.80 1.61

Tab. 16. Dimensions of the postcranial bones in the Gravettian sample from Mora via

Dolni Vestonice 13 dx sin

Dolni Vestonice 14 dx si n

!54 53 104 (70) 40 (40)? 9

-

STERNUM 1 2

..,

.)

""'"

1.0

4 5 6 7 CLAVICULA I 2 3 4 5 6 SCAPULA I 2

Dolni Vestonice 15 sin dx

Dolni Vestonice 16 dx sin

Dolni Vestonice

"

I

.)

dx

Svitavka

Pavlov

s in

dx

sin

dx

sin

-? (65)? -?

-

(166) 2 13.5 I! 50 164

166 2 12 12 .5 50 164

172 105

106

-

-

-

-

-

-

( I 08-1 0)

6 13 12 42 170

7 14 13 43 150

5? 17 12 45 112

5? 15 12 64 136

8? 11 7 29 98

-

-

-

-

-

6 11 13 40 141

(146) 13 13 9 36 145

145 ? 13 15 11 42 145

152 5 13 10 39 152

(178) 109

(164) (I 05)

(160) (93)

-

-

-

-

~