Outlook of Climate Change and Fish Nutrition 9789811954993, 9789811955006, 9811954992

Table of contents :
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I: Assessment of Global Warming Impact on Aquatic Resources and Fish Production
The Perspective of Climate Change on the Aquatic Environment and Fish Production
1 Introduction
2 Factors Responsible for Climate Change
2.1 Water Regulation and Manmade Dams
2.2 Climate Change and Air Quality
2.3 Ocean Acidification
2.4 Solar Forcing
2.5 Anthropogenic and Natural Causes
2.6 Temperature
3 Climate Change and Aquatic Environment
4 Climate Change and Plankton
5 Climate Change and Benthic Community
6 Climate Change and Fish Production
7 Impact on Inland Ecosystem
8 Impact on Marine Ecosystem
9 Impact on Aquaculture
10 Adaptations and Their Implications
11 Conclusion
References
Climate Change: Stressor on Marine Buffer System
1 Introduction
2 Ocean Alkalinity
3 Marine Buffer System
4 Climate Change
5 Ocean Acidification
6 The Rise in Sea Surface Temperature
7 Oxygen Depletion
8 Impact on Marine Ecosystem
9 Impact on Human Health
10 Conclusion
References
Climate Change: Impact on Fauna and Fishing Activity of River
1 Introduction
2 Impact on Hydrology
2.1 Water Temperature
2.2 Interactions of Climate Change with Other Stressors
3 Ecological Impacts of Thermal Regimes on Aquatic Fauna
4 Impact on Fishing
5 Conclusion
References
Possible Impact of Climate Change on Fisheries
1 Introduction
2 Climate Change: Present Scenario
3 Observations in Climate Change
4 Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Habitat
5 Positive Impact on Fisheries
6 The Effects of Metabolic Stress
7 Other Impacts
8 Future Predictions
8.1 Closing Investment Gaps
9 Steps for Sustainable Development Goals
10 Conclusion
References
Impact of Global Warming on Changing Pattern of Biodiversity and Fish Production in Inland Open Waters
1 Introduction
2 Cause and Concerns of Global Warming
3 Climate Change and Aquatic Biodiversity
4 Climate Change and Freshwater Ecosystems
5 Climate Change Impact on Fishing and Aquaculture
5.1 Observed Changes in Temperature
5.2 Observed Changes in Water Chemistry
5.3 Changes in Rainfall Patterns
6 Adaptation and Mitigation Options
7 Conclusion
References
Climate Change and Coral Reef Ecosystem: Impacts and Management Strategies
1 Introduction
2 Coral Reefs and Global Climate Change
3 Effect of Climate Change on Coral Diseases
4 Effects of Climate Change on Coral Reef Fishes
5 Measures to Protect Coral Reefs from Climatic Impacts
6 Pyramid of Conservation
7 Conclusion
References
Implications of Climate Change on Fisheries and Food Security
1 Introduction
2 Effect of Climate Change on Fisheries
2.1 Physical and Biogeochemical Changes
2.2 Changes in Productivity of Fish Stocks
2.3 Changes in Fish-Stock Distribution
3 Impacts of Climate Change on the Livelihood
4 Food Security
5 Policy for Sustainable Food Security
6 Activities to Increase the Resilience of Livelihoods
7 Conclusion
References
Nexus of Climate Change with Fish Production and Its Implications on Livelihood and Nutritional Security
1 Introduction
2 Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems
3 Impact on Fish Availability and Fish Production
4 Impact on Fisheries and Aquaculture
5 Impact on Inland Fisheries
6 Impact on Biodiversity
7 Impact on Fishing Communities
7.1 Loss of Livelihood
7.2 Impact on Food and Nutritional Insecurity
8 Vulnerability and Resilience
9 Adaptation and Mitigation of the Impacts of Climate Change
10 Adaptation in Fisheries Management
11 Building Adaptive Capacity
12 Adaptation in Aquaculture Practices
13 Gender Aspect to Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity
14 Mitigation
15 Conclusion
References
Part II: Adaptation in Fish Digestive Physiology and Biochemistry Under Changing Environment
Gut Microbes and Its Physiological Role in Fish: Adaptive Strategies for Climatic Variability
1 Introduction
2 Gut Microbiota
3 Origin and Sources of Gut Microbes
4 Diversity of Gut Microbes
4.1 Trophic Level
4.2 Genetic and Sex of the Host
4.3 Age of the Fish
4.4 Season
4.5 Habitat
5 Physiological Roles of Gut Microbiota
5.1 Influence of Microbiota on Feeding and Metabolism
5.2 Effect of Gut Microbial Activity on Stress Response
5.3 Effect of Gut Microbial Activity on Reproduction
5.4 Effect of Gut Microbial Activity on Development
5.5 Effect of Gut Microbial Activity on Immunity
6 Adaptive Strategy for Climatic Variability
6.1 Protein
6.2 Lipids
6.3 Probiotics
6.4 Prebiotic
7 Next-Generation Sequencing Study of Gut Microbes
8 Conclusion
References
Metabolic Adaptation of Fishes Under Different Consequences of Climate Change
1 Introduction
2 Climate Change Effects on Fish and Fisheries
3 Effect of Climate Change on the Metabolic Pathway
4 Enzymatic Adaptation Due to Consequences of Climate Change
5 Metabolic Adaptation in Temperature Fluctuation
6 Metabolic Adaptation in Hypoxia Condition
7 Metabolic Adaptation in a Change in Water pH
8 Conclusion
References
Argulus Parasitism in Aquaculture: An Elevated Temperature Scenario
1 Introduction
2 General Description of Argulus
3 Effects of Changing Thermal Regimes on Argulus Life-History Traits
3.1 Effect on Argulus Life Span
3.2 Effect on Egg-Laying Patterns by Argulus
3.3 Effect on Egg Development and Hatching Success
3.4 Effect on Off-Host Survival of Argulus
3.5 Influence of Argulus Density on Host Species
3.6 Effect on Range Expansion and Seasonal Prevalence of Argulus
4 Effects of Changing Thermal Regimes on Hosts Infested with Argulus
4.1 Effect on Fish Immune Response
4.2 Argulus-Avoidance Strategies in Fish
5 Argulus Parasitism and Co-infection in Changing Thermal Regimes
6 Conclusion
References
Effect of Environmental Variability on the Pigmentation of Fishes
1 Introduction
2 Pigmentation/Coloration in Fishes
3 Sources of Melatonin Production
4 Mechanism of Melanin Production
5 Role of Temperature on Melatonin Biosynthesis
6 Effects of Melatonin on Fishes
7 Color Changes
7.1 Physiological Color Changes
7.2 Morphological Color Changes
8 Environmental Factors Affecting Color Change
8.1 Light
Light Intensity
Photoperiod
8.2 Water Temperature
8.3 Tank Color
9 Hormone Regulators
10 Neuronal Control
11 Impact of Malpigmentation on Aquaculture
12 Pigment Abnormalities
13 Based on Nutrition
14 Based on Genetics
15 Conclusion
References
Climate Change and Stress Response in Teleost
1 Introduction: Climate Change and Aquatic Systems
2 Stress Response in Fish
3 Endocrine Response to Climate Change
3.1 The Sympathetic Nervous System-Chromaffin Cell Axis
Physiological Effects of the Catecholamines
3.2 The Hypothalamic: Pituitary: Interrenal Axis
Physiological Effects of Cortisol
4 Osmotic Stress Response
5 Role of Heat Shock Proteins
6 Conclusion
References
Impact of Climate Change on Emergence of Biotoxin in Fish and Shellfish
1 Introduction
2 Classification
3 Biotoxin Properties
3.1 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
3.2 Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP)
3.3 Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP)
3.4 Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP)
3.5 Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP)
3.6 Azaspiracid Shellfish Poisoning
4 Prevalence of Marine Biotoxins
5 Climate Change and Occurrence of Biotoxins
6 Effect of Climatic Conditions and Emergence of Biotoxins
7 Emergence of Biotoxin Derivatives
8 Analysis of Biotoxins
9 Mitigation for Biotoxins
10 Conclusion
References
Part III: Prioritization of Fish Feed Technology with Respect to Changing Climate for Adaptation and Mitigation
Metabolomic Response to High Temperature Stress in Murrel Channa striatus and Insights for Designer Feeds
1 Introduction
2 Atri Hot Spring: Nature´s Own Laboratory for Global Warming Research
3 Amino Acids as Important Metabolites
4 Changes in Amino Acid Metabolome of Channa striatus Under High Temperature Stress
5 Epilogue
References
Feed and Feeding Management for Sustainable Growth and Health of Fish in Varying Climatic Conditions
1 Introduction
2 The Implications of Climate Change on Aquaculture and Fisheries
2.1 Indirect Wider Socioeconomic Effects
2.2 Biological and Ecological Responses to Physical Changes
2.3 Direct Physical Effects
3 Challenges in Nutrition Utilization in Changing Climate
3.1 Inhibitors in Aquaculture Systems
3.2 Physiological Changes Owing to Stress
4 Feed and Feeding Strategies to Mitigate Climate Change Stress
4.1 Exogenous Enzymes in Fish Feed
4.2 Dietary Antioxidant Compounds in Fish Feed
4.3 Mixed Feeding Schedule
5 Nutritional Programming
5.1 Concept of Nutritional Programming
5.2 The Benefits of the Study of Nutritional Programming Mechanisms using Fish as a Model
6 Conclusion
References
Vulnerability and Mitigation Approach to Nutritional Pathology for Sustainable Fish Growth in Changing Climatic Conditions
1 Introduction
2 Disease Caused by Pathogens
3 Infectious Disease in Aquaculture
4 Nutritional Diseases
5 Protein Deficiency Diseases
6 Lipid Deficiency Diseases
7 Carbohydrate Deficiency Diseases
8 Vitamin Deficiency Diseases
9 Mineral DeficiencyDiseases
10 Options for Climate Change Adaptations in Aquaculture Through Functional Foods
11 Functional Feeds Used in Aquaculture
11.1 Prebiotics
Mode of Action of Prebiotics
11.2 Probiotics
Mode of Action of Probiotics
11.3 Synbiotic Application in Aquafeeds
12 Nutri-Enzyme in Aquafeed
13 Conclusion
References
Technology Prioritization for Climate-Resilient Nutritive Fish
1 Introduction
2 Nutritional Requirements of Fish
3 Existing Practices of Feed Management and Scope of Upscaling
4 Temperature Rise Impact on Fish Physiology
5 Smart Practices and Technologies for Climate-Resilient Fish Production
5.1 Natural Farming System
5.2 Utilization of Open Water and Enclosure
Cage Culture
Pen Culture
Canal Culture
6 Integrated Farming System
7 Re-Circulatory Aquaculture System (RAS)
8 Biofloc-Based Aquaculture System
9 Nutrient-Dense Small Indigenous Fish (SIF)
10 Climate-Resilient Species Diversification
11 Fish Feed Manufacturing and Management
11.1 Nutrizymes
11.2 Probiotics
11.3 Prebiotics
11.4 Microalgae
12 Conclusions
References
Role of Dietary Supplements in Stress Amelioration of Teleost Fishes
1 Introduction
2 Role of Catecholamines in Stress Response: Synthesis and Effects
3 Effect of Stress on Growth and Reproduction in Fishes
4 Stress and Nutrition in Fishes
4.1 Types of Dietary Additives in Stress Amelioration
4.2 Probiotics
4.3 Prebiotics
4.4 Synbiotics
4.5 Vitamins
4.6 Amino Acids
5 Conclusion
References
Dealing the Hardship in Aquaculture Nutrition in a Changing Climatic Condition
1 Introduction
2 Climate Change Impacts onAquaculture Nutrition
3 Adaptation Strategies Related to Nutrition Management
3.1 Quantity and Quality of Diet for Climate Adaptive Responses
3.2 Sourcing of Diets and Feeding Management
3.3 Climate Adaptive Farming Systems with the Intrinsic Nutritional Management Approach
4 Conclusion
References
Strategies to Mitigate Climate Change-Imposed Challenges in Fish Nutrition
1 Introduction
2 Stressors and Other Challenges in AquaCulture Systems
2.1 Stressors in Aquaculture Systems
2.2 Physiological Changes in Response to Stressors
3 Mitigation Measures
3.1 Efficacy of Dietary Immunoceuticals in Mitigating Temperature-Related Stress in Fish
3.2 Efficacy of Dietary Antioxidants and Antistress Compounds in Mitigating Thermal-Induced Stress and Immune Suppression in F...
3.3 Maintaining Gut Health
3.4 Integrated or Less Fed Aquaculture
3.5 Alternate Ingredients
3.6 Enhanced Utilization of Ingredients
4 Precision Nutrition
5 Genetic Selection of Species
6 Conclusion
References
LiveDuckweed-Based Circular Aquaculture for Climate Resilience and Carbon Footprint Reduction of Fed Aquaculture
1 Introduction
2 Carbon Footprint from Modern Aquaculture
3 Emissions from the Production of Feed Materials
4 Emissions from the Transport of Feed Materials
5 Emissions from Energy Use in the Feed Mill
6 Emissions from Transport of Feed from Mill to Farm
7 On-Farm Production of Duckweed and its Utilization as Feed
8 Carbon Sequestration
9 Circular Bio-Economy
10 Importance of Circular Bio-Economy in Aquaculture
11 Duckweed Aquaculture (Wollfia, Lemna, etc.) as a Model for Circular Bio-Economy
12 Mitigation of Eutrophication and Wastewater by Duckweeds Culture
13 Duckweed as Fish Feed
14 Conclusion
References
Nutraceuticals in Aquaculture: A Prospective Climate Change Adaptation Strategy
1 Introduction
2 Impacts on Aquaculture Practices
3 Nutritional Intervention: A Prospective Arena in Climate Change Adaptation
4 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Strategies and Planning on Reproductive Physiology and Feed Management for Biodiversity Conservation
Broodstock Development, Induced Breeding, and Seed Production of Climbing Perch Anabas testudineus: An Alternative Aquaculture...
1 Introduction
2 Natural Distribution and Biology
3 Broodstock Management
4 Captive Breeding
5 Fry and Fingerlings Rearing
6 Cannibalism and Its Management During Seed Rearing
References
Effect of Changing Environmental Factors on Reproductive Cycle and Endocrinology of Fishes
1 Introduction
2 Fish Endocrinology and Breeding
3 Impact of Climate Change on Aquatic Environment
4 Environmental Stress and Fish Breeding
4.1 Stress and Reproduction
4.2 Effect of Temperature
4.3 Effect of Salinity
4.4 Effect of Hypoxia
4.5 Effect of Acidification
4.6 Effect of Photoperiod
4.7 Effect of Lunar Cycle
5 Conclusion
References
Impact of Climate Change on Fish Reproduction and Climate-Resilient Broodstock Management
1 Introduction
2 Consequences of Climate Change-Induced Environmental Changes on Fish Broodstock
3 The Climate Change-Induced Environmental Changes on Fish Eggs/Larvae/Juveniles
4 Climate-Resilient Broodstock Management Strategies
4.1 Better Broodstock Feeds and Feed Management
4.2 Development of Climate-Resilient Broodstock and Rearing Systems
4.3 Development of Climate-Resilient Hatching and Nursery Rearing Systems
4.4 Climate-Induced Stress Mitigation by Dietary Interventions
5 Conclusion
References
Nutrition and Environment Interactions in Aquaculture
1 Introduction
2 Aquaculture and Environment
2.1 Effect of Environment on Aquaculture
2.2 Effect of Aquaculture on the Environment
3 Nutrition and Waste Outputs in Aquaculture
3.1 Feed Mass Balance and Nutrient Loading
3.2 Management of Waste Outputs
4 Evolution of Fish Feed in the Environmental Context
4.1 Fish Feed and Wild Fisheries
4.2 Replacements for Marine Ingredients
5 Environmental Footprint of Feed
5.1 Life Cycle Assessment of Salmonid and Carp Feeds
5.2 Life Cycle Assessment of Novel Feed Ingredients
6 Environmental Influence on Feed Utilization
7 Nutritional Intervention to Mitigate Environmental Stressors
8 Conclusion
References
Reproductive and Maternal Nutrition in Changing Climatic Conditions
1 Introduction
2 Nutritional Requirement of Brooders. Impact of the Climate on Feed Utilization)
3 Sustainably Feeds and Ingredients for Brooders: Challenges and Obstacles in Feed Availability in Changing Climate Conditions
4 Effect of Climate Condition on Reproduction
5 Dietary Manipulation to Mitigate Extreme Warm Stress in Fish: Role of Some Feed Additives
References