Osmoregulation in Estuarine and Marine Animals 9783540133537, 9781118669082

Table of contents :
Title Page......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
European Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry ......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
List of Authors and Contributors ......Page 6
Preface ......Page 8
Part I Physiological and Ultrastructural Aspects "Salt-Transporting Tissues" Studies.......Page 10
Homeostatic Function of Integuments and Nephridia in Annelids......Page 11
I. Physiological responses to changes of medium salinity......Page 12
11. Integumental properties......Page 14
III. Nephridial function......Page 16
IV. Aossible feed-back control mechanism and efferent cpntrol......Page 18
References......Page 19
Control of the Extracellular Fluid Osmolality in Crustaceans ......Page 24
I. Introduction......Page 25
A. Structural Asgects......Page 26
B. Pysiological Apects......Page 28
C. Biochemical Aspects......Page 31
III. Conclusions ......Page 36
References......Page 37
Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Saline-Water Mosquito Larvae......Page 42
I. Regulatory Capacities and Sites of Exchange......Page 43
II. The Site of Hyperosmotic Urine Formation......Page 44
A. The Rectum......Page 47
B. The Malpighian Tubules......Page 52
Summary......Page 54
References ......Page 55
Chloride Secretion by the Chloride Cells of the Isolated Opercular Epithelium of Marine Fish ......Page 58
I. Jsttroduction and Brief History of the Chloride Cell ......Page 59
B. Influence of Other Ions and Drugs on Chloride Secretion ......Page 60
C. Opercular Membranes Other Than F. Heteroclitus ......Page 61
III. The Paracellular Shunt Pathways and Passive Ion Conductances ......Page 62
A. Probable Nature of the Signal for Secretion in Changing from Sea Water to Fresh Water ......Page 63
A. Catecholamines......Page 64
C. Prolactin......Page 65
E. Glucagon and Vasoactive Intestinal, Polypeptide......Page 66
A. Experimental Basis for the Model of the Chloride Cell ......Page 67
References......Page 69
Control of the Blood Osmolarity in Fishes With References to Functional Anatomy of the Gut ......Page 73
I. Introduction......Page 74
A. Drinking Rate and Drinking Behaviour ......Page 76
B. Oesophagus ......Page 77
C. Stomach ......Page 78
D. Intestine......Page 79
E. Regulation of Water Intake ......Page 80
III. Mucus and Oesophageal Ion Absorption ......Page 81
IV. Localization of Ions and Water Absorption in the Intestine ......Page 89
V. Conclusions......Page 92
References......Page 93
Transport Properties of the Fish Urinary Bladders in Relation to Osmoregulation......Page 99
A - In Vivo Studies. ......Page 100
B - In Vitro Studies. ......Page 101
C - Hypertonic Transport. ......Page 102
E - Hormonal Control. ......Page 103
B - Neutral or Electrical Coupling in NaCl Transport ? ......Page 105
C - Paracellular Permeability .......Page 107
D - Ionic Channels in cell Apical Membrane. ......Page 108
References......Page 110
The Contrasting Roles of the Salt Glands, the Integument and Behavior in Osmoregulation of Marine Reptiles......Page 113
I. Introduction......Page 114
II. Types of Salt Glands......Page 115
III. The Marine Turtles......Page 117
IV. The Marine Lizards and Snakes......Page 118
V. The Marine Crocodilians......Page 119
VI. The Estuarine Specialists......Page 123
VII. The Mangrove Snake : An Incipient Estuarine Species......Page 126
VIII. A New Model for Diffusion Across Reptilian Skin......Page 129
Acknowledgments......Page 131
References......Page 132
Regulation of Nacl and Water Absorption in Duck Intestine ......Page 136
II. Material and Methods ......Page 137
III. Results ......Page 139
A. In Vitro Experiments ......Page 140
B. In Vivo Experiments......Page 141
C. In Vivo Perfusion Experiments......Page 143
D. Reno-intestinal Salt-Gland Recycling of Nacl ......Page 144
References......Page 146
Part Ii Biophysical and Biochemical Aspects "salt-Transporting Tissues" Studies ......Page 148
Cellular Energy Metabolism and Its Regulation in Gills of Fish and Crustacea ......Page 149
I. Gill Energetics In Fish......Page 151
II. Gill Energetics In Crustacea ......Page 156
References......Page 158
Regulatory Functions of Na+ + K + - A Tpase In Marine and Estuarine Animals ......Page 161
I. Introduction......Page 162
II. Molecular Nature of Na++k+-Atpase ......Page 163
III. Localization of Na++k+-Atpase and Implications for Transport ......Page 164
IV. Response of Na++k+-Atpase to Changing Salinity ......Page 165
V. Ammonium Ion as Counterion ......Page 167
VI. Other Functions of Na++k+-Atpase ......Page 168
VII. A New Approach to Studying Na++k+-Atpase Function in Epithelia of Euryhaline Animals ......Page 169
Acknowledgements......Page 171
References......Page 172
Ultrastructural Localization of Na+ + K+ - Atpase in Specialized Membranes of Salt Transporting Cellsin Marine Vertebrates ......Page 175
I.techniques for Ultrastructural Localization of Na, K-Atpase ......Page 177
A. Avian Salt Gland......Page 178
B. Elasmobranch Rectal Gland......Page 182
C. Teleost Gill/Operculum ......Page 184
III. A Model for Hypertonic Salt Secretion ......Page 188
References......Page 190
Models of Salt and Water Flow Across Epithelia : An Evaluation by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis ......Page 194
I. Epithelial Transport: An Overview ......Page 195
II. Kju Model and Intracellular Ions ......Page 197
B. Intracellular Na+ and Stimulation of Transport by Hormones and Nutrients. ......Page 202
C. K+ - Pumps in Insects and Extracellular Matrices ......Page 204
III. Models for Coupled Transport of Ions and Water: Interspace Hupertonicity ......Page 205
IV. Ionic Gradients in Cells and Na+ , K + - Atpase ......Page 208
V. Conclusions ......Page 209
References......Page 211
Taxonomic Indexa ......Page 215