Nutrition, Obesity & Eating Disorders Handbook & Resource Guide 9781637000632, 1637000634

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FIRST EDITION

FIRST EDITION

NUTRITION, OBESITY & EATING DISORDERS

Handbook & Resource Guide

4919 Route 22, Amenia, NY 12501 518-789-8700 • 800-562-2139 • FAX 845-373-6360 www.greyhouse.com • email: [email protected]

NUTRITION, OBESITY & EATING DISORDERS Handbook & Resource Guide

GREY HOUSE PUBLISHING

Grey House Health & Wellness Guides

NUTRITION, OBESITY & EATING DISORDERS Handbook & Resource Guide

nutrition_1st_titles.indd 2

10/13/21 4:26 PM

FIRST EDITION

NUTRITION, OBESITY & EATING DISORDERS Handbook & Resource Guide

GREY HOUSE PUBLISHING

Grey House Health & Wellness Guides nutrition_1st_titles.indd 1

10/13/21 4:26 PM

PUBLISHER: EDITORIAL DIRECTOR: MANAGING EDITOR & COMPOSITION: PRODUCTION MANAGER: MARKETING DIRECTOR: EDITORIAL ASSISTANT:

Leslie Mackenzie Laura Mars Stuart Paterson Kristen Hayes Jessica Moody Kathlyn Del Castillo

Grey House Publishing, Inc. 4919 Route 22 Amenia, NY 12501 518.789.8700 Fax: 845.373.6390 www.greyhouse.com [email protected] While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Grey House Publishing neither guarantees the accuracy of the data contained herein nor assumes any responsibility for errors, omissions or discrepancies. Grey House accepts no payment for listing; inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. Except by express prior written permission of the Copyright Proprietor no part of this work may be copied by any means of publication or communication now known or developed hereafter including, but not limited to, use in any directory or compilation or other print publication, in any information storage and retrieval system, in any other electronic device, or in any visual or audio-visual device or product. This publication is an original and creative work, copyrighted by Grey House Publishing, Inc. and is fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by laws covering misappropriation, trade secrets and unfair competition. Grey House has added value to the underlying factual material through one or more of the following efforts: unique and original selection; expression; arrangement; coordination; and classification. Grey House Publishing, Inc. will defend its rights in this publication. Copyright © 2021 Grey House Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved First edition published 2021 Publisher’s Cataloging-In-Publication Data (Prepared by The Donohue Group, Inc.) Title: Nutrition, obesity & eating disorders handbook & resource guide. Other Titles: Nutrition, obesity and eating disorders handbook and resource guide Description: First edition. | Amenia, NY : Grey House Publishing, 2021. | Series: Grey House health & wellness guides ; [5] | Includes indexes. Identifiers: ISBN 9781637000632 Subjects: LCSH: Nutrition—Handbooks, manuals, etc. | Obesity—Handbooks, manuals, etc. | Eating disorders—Handbooks, manuals, etc. | LCGFT: Reference works. | Handbooks and manuals. Classification: LCC RA784 .N88 2021 | DDC 613.2—dc23 Printed in Canada

Table of Contents Publisher's Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

Section One: Studies & Statistics About Nutrition, Obesity & Eating Disorders Dietary Guidelines for Americans: 2020-2025, U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 DASH Eating Plan, The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute . . . . . . . . . . 167 Mediterranean Diet, VA Health Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Families Finding the Balance: A Parent Handbook, National Institutes of Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Food Allergies: What You Need to Know, U.S. Food & Drug Administration . 225 On Your Way to Preventing Type 2 Diabetes, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Eating Disorders: About More Than Food, National Institute of Mental Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Tips for People with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 How to Avoid Portion Size Pitfalls to Help Manage Your Weight, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Bone Health and Osteoporosis: What It Means to You, Surgeon General . . . . . 265 Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults Between 1985 and 2010, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S. Adults by State and Territory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Section Two: Conditions Directly Related to Nutrition Allergies & Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Foundations & Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Support Groups & Hotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 Digital Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Diabetes (Type 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Libraries & Resource Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Foundations & Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Support Groups & Hotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Digital Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Eating Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 v

Table of Contents Libraries & Resource Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Foundations & Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 Support Groups & Hotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Digital Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Gastointestinal Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Libraries & Resource Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Foundations & Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Support Groups & Hotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Digital Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 Heart Disease & Nutrition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 Libraries & Resource Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Foundations & Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Support Groups & Hotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Foundations & Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Support Groups & Hotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Digital Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Kidney Disease & Liver Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Libraries & Resource Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Foundations & Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Support Groups & Hotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Digital Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Obesity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Libraries & Resource Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Foundations & Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Support Groups & Hotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Digital Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Osteoarthritis & Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

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Table of Contents Libraries & Resource Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Foundations & Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Support Groups & Hotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Digital Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Skin Disorders & Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Foundations & Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Support Groups & Hotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 Digital Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Ulcerative Colitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Foundations & Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Support Groups & Hotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

Section Three: Conditions Indirectly Related to Nutrition Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 Chronic Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 Mental Illness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 Sleep Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 Thyroid Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 General Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 Agencies & Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 vii

Table of Contents Libraries & Resource Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 Foundations & Research Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 Support Groups & Hotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 Journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

Section Four: Appendix & Indexes Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 Entry Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 Geographic Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

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Publisher’s Note Grey House Publishing is pleased to announce Nutrition, Obesity & Eating Disorders Handbook & Resource Guide—the fourth volume in a health series that supports our long-standing consumer health titles on such topics as mental health, older Americans, chronic illness, pediatric disorders, and people with disabilities. This title follows Dementia Handbook & Resource Guide and Cardiovascular Disease Handbook & Resource Guide and Autoimmune Diseases Handbook & Resource Guide. This work covers 11 conditions that are either directly caused, or affected, by the food that we eat, from allergies to ulcerative colitis, and seven conditions that are affected to varying degrees by our diet, like cancer, mental illness, and sleep disorders. Nutrition, Obesity & Eating Disorders combines valuable, easy-to-understand educational information for consumers, and patients and their families, with official guidelines about good nutrition, healthy life styles and how to prevent and treatment related conditions. This new volume is arranged in the following sections:

Section One: Studies & Statistics About Nutrition, Obesity, & Eating Disorders This robust, colorful section of 315 pages includes detailed reports, fact sheets, graphs and statistics from a number of sources, including the Centers for Disease Control and the National Institutes of Health. It begins with a detailed report on dietary guidelines, followed by various diet plans that are known to prevent or manage specific conditions and support a healthy lifestyle. Following this general information are helpful facts and treatment plans about specific conditions related to nutrition issues that are covered in Section Two, including food allergies, type 2 diabetes, eating disorders, kidney disease, bone health, and obesity.

Section Two: Conditions Directly Related to Nutrition This section includes 11 chapters, each covering a specific condition that has a direct relation to the foods that we eat from allergies to ulcerative colitis. Each chapter starts with a clear, concise description of the condition, followed by a variety of resources for patients, families, and caregivers, including Agencies & Associations, Libraries & Resource Centers, Foundations & Research Centers, Support Groups & Hotlines, Journals, and Digital Resources.

Section Three: Conditions Indirectly Related to Nutrition This section includes seven conditions that have a nutritional element to them, although not as significant as is thought for the conditions in Section Two. These chapters do include a description of the condition and how nutrition plays a role, followed by resources — national associations and websites — so users know where to go for further information. A General Resources section is also included for easy reference. Following that, users will find the following pieces of backmatter: • Glossary of Terms lists major terms and concepts related to nutrition and eating disorders. • Entry Index lists all directory entries alphabetically. • Geographic Index organizes listings alphabetically by state.

Two Free Years of Online Access In addition to the print directory, Nutrition, Obesity & Eating Disorders Handbook & Resource Guide includes two years of free online access to G.O.L.D., Grey House OnLine Databases. This gives you immediate access to the most valuable in-depth information on the many causes of these conditions, early warning signs, diagnosis, treatment options, advice for caretakers, preventative therapy, and support. G.O.L.D. also offers easy-to-use keyword searches, organization type and

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Publisher’s Note subject searches, hotlinks to web sites and emails, and so much more. Call 800-562-2139 for a free trial or visit http://gold.greyhouse.com for more information. The Nutrition, Obesity & Eating Disorders Handbook & Resource Guide is a necessary reference for public and academic libraries, as well as health care and senior center collections, providing information crucial to sufferers of conditions that are related to nutrition, heir broader support network, caseworkers, social workers, and other health care providers.

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Introduction Healthy nutrition is critical to health and development at all ages, leading to improved overall health, stronger immune systems, safer pregnancy and childbirth, a lower risk of non-communicable diseases, and increased longevity, according to the World Health Organization. Healthy children learn better, adults are more productive, healthy nutrition prevents and improves certain disease, therefore decreasing the burden on the health system, and often promotes a feeling of well-being. The goal of good nutrition is to consume a variety of healthy foods that support health. Knowing the food groups often learned in elementary school, reading about healthy diets, and talking with your doctor about prevention and management of health risks through diet is a good start. While malnutrition is often thought to be a condition found only outside the United States, it exists in all countries in a variety of forms. Undernutrition fosters being underweight and having deficiencies in sufficient vitamins and minerals, as often seen in individuals living in poverty. Eating too much of the wrong foods can cause obesity, and may be the result of not knowing, or not having access to, healthy food choices leading to poor nutrition. Diseases such as diabetes and wasting are all diet-related. Learning the role of food and making healthy choices contributes to a healthier life and may prevent or heal disease. So much of today’s social interaction revolves around eating, whether at home, at family or friends, or at a restaurant. When cooking at home, consider baking, sauteing or grilling, and adapting favorite recipes to be more health-friendly. Ask for help in selecting healthy menus and determining the best shopping strategies. Resources are readily available online, in the library, and from community health providers and organizations. When you shop for groceries, make a list and stick to it. Avoid the snack, cookie and candy aisles, and focus instead on fresh produce where available. When choosing a restaurant, look at menus to determine if offerings fit within your healthy eating plan. If your diet is adequate in nutrition, nutritional supplements are usually not needed. In today ’s busy world, however, it’s likely that you need to complement your diet with supplements, or choose fortified foods, to meet required nutritional needs. Vitamins will supplement nutrients that are lacking in your diet, or are necessary due to a medical condition. Talk to your healthcare provider before beginning any supplement regimen. Adequate nutrition, appropriate physical activity and a healthy body weight are essential to good health and can also, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), help decrease your risk of developing serious health conditions. The scientific connection between food and health is well documented. Many conditions and diseases that are diagnosed in adults—such as heart disease, hypertension, stroke, high cholesterol, diabetes, and cancer—include nutrition, activity, and a healthy weight as important strategies in managing the conditions. Many Americans do not eat a healthy diet for a variety of reasons including lack of knowledge, economic factors, and accessibility to healthy choices. The vegetable and fruit intakes of average Americans do not meet government recommendations. Nearly 80 percent of Americans don’t get the recommended amount of physical activity resulting in high rates of obesity—more than a third of U.S. adults are considered obese. Heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes, which all have an obesity-related component, are responsible for increasing medical costs and are a leading cause of death in the U.S. Following a healthy eating plan, participating in regular activity and achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight is essential to good health. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are revised every five years by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA); they are available online, and on page 3 of this work. The dietary guidelines are aimed at helping all Americans, from policy makers to community members, consume a healthy, nutritionally adequate

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Introduction diet, as well as being the basis for Federal nutrition programs education materials. Physicians and registered clinical dieticians use these guidelines in determining a healthy eating plan for both healthy individuals and for those with various health conditions. Treatment of many chronic diseases will often include healthy eating or a specific eating plan to prevent or manage disease. Adopting the Dietary Guidelines for Americans as a basis for both personal interventions and prescribed interventions contributes to better health and management of chronic health conditions. There are four guidelines that encourage healthy eating in each life stage: • Follow a healthy eating plan during infancy, toddlerhood, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, pregnancy and lactation, and older adulthood. A well-balanced eating plan throughout the life span may prevent or reduce the potential for chronic illness. • Choose a diet plan with nutrient-dense foods and beverages that takes into consideration personal preferences, cultural traditions and budget. • Stay within calorie limits designed to maintain or achieve a healthy weight by focusing on vegetables, fruits, grains, dairy, protein foods, and oils (all nutrient dense foods). • Limit food and beverages high in added sugars, saturated fat, sodium, and limiting alcoholic beverages. Regardless of age or health status, achieving a healthy eating plan will require education, support, and often changes in how one eats. The guidelines present overall guidance, but asking for help from healthcare providers or community resources is recommended, and helpful. Choosing and sticking to a healthy diet plan from infancy through old age is a good way to help achieve and maintain good health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Regardless of when you start, however, making changes in diet, activity, and achieving a healthy weight is important to making life-style improvements. This text provides invaluable information related to managing your health, preventing certain diseases, and managing both chronic and acute diseases you may have. It is always recommended to talk with your physician and a registered clinical dietician regarding your individual nutritional needs and plan.

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SECTION ONE: STUDIES & STATISTICS ABOUT NUTRITION, OBESITY & EATING DISORDERS This first section of Nutrition, Obesity & Eating Disorders includes the most current research on how nutrition relates to the featured health conditions, with data, nutritional information, and eating plans from the the U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, The National Institutes of Health, The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and more. Totaling more than 300 pages, Studies & Statistics comprises 12 detailed reports and summaries with easy to understand graphics. Colorful photos, graphs, charts, and maps help to visualize the data. The large reports start with a detailed table of contents to help you maneuver through the information that each contains. 1. Dietary Guidelines for Americans: 2020-2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Over 160 pages of valuable information from U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services presented in a combination of colorful graphics and accessible text, in six major sections: Nutrition and Health Across the Lifespan: The Guidelines and Key Recommendations; Infants and Toddlers; Children and Adolescents; Adults; Women Who Are Pregnant or Lactating; and Older Adults. 2. DASH Eating Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 A series of releases from The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute on the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan. Subjects include an overview of the plan, tips to get started and modify your routine to accommodate the plan, and the science behind the plan. 3. Mediterranean Diet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 A succinct overview of the Mediterranean diet, considered one of the healthiest diets in the world, by VA Health Care. Presented in table and chart format, this guide tells you everything you need to know about the diet, including sample menus for all meals and snacks. 4. Families Finding the Balance: A Parent Handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 A helpful and colorful handbook from the We Can! program (Ways to Enhance Children’s Activity & Nutrition), an initiative of the National Institutes of Health. The handbook details ways that children aged 8-13 can keep a healthy weight through food, excercise, and limited screen time. 5. Food Allergies: What You Need to Know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 A release by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration addressing the major types of food allergies, symptoms, and what to do if you have an allergic reaction. The release also details how food packages are labelled in order to inform consumers about possible allergens. 6. On Your Way to Preventing Type 2 Diabetes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 A report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on how you can get tested for pre-diabetes, and make changes to your lifestyle in order to avoid progressing to type 2 diabetes. Features include assessments, goal-setting, and establishing meal plans. 7. Eating Disorders: About More Than Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 A report by the National Institute of Mental Health providing an overview of common eating disorders, treatment options for them, and resources on where to find help. 8. Tips for People with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

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Studies & Statistics / Table of Contents A series of releases by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases offers nutrition-related guidelines for reducing the risks associated with phosphorus, potassium, and protein, for people with CKD. 9. How to Avoid Portion Size Pitfalls to Help Manage Your Weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 A colourful release from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention detailing ways you can avoid consuming too much high-calorie food when faced with large portion sizes in restaurants and grocery stores. Includes a mock-board game to guide you on your way. 10. Bone Health and Osteoporosis: What It Means to You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 A report from the Surgeon General on how to maintain strong, healthy bones. The report includes facts about bone health as well as nutritional tips for keeping bones strong. The advice is applicable to babies, youth, adults, and seniors, and includes a risk-assessment questionnaire. 11. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults Between 1985 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 A series of slides from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention outlining statistical trends in obesity for the years 1985-2010, including a color map graphic for comparison across the decades. 12. Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S. Adults by State and Territory . . . . . . . . 291 Statistical obesity data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, including color maps and tables, for the years 2011-2020.

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Dietary Guidelines for Americans

2020 - 2025

Make Every Bite Count With theDietary Guidelines

DietaryGuidelines.gov

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Studies & Statistics / Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025

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