Muslims in India since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations 9780203561386, 0203561384


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Table of contents :
Dedication
Contents
Acknowledgements
Note on Transliteration and Sources
1. Introduction
2. Asghar ʻAli Engineer’s Quest for a Contextual Islamic Theology
3. Islam and the Muslim Minority Predicament: Reflections on the Contributions of Sayyed Abul Hasan ʻAli Nadwi
4. Peace, Dialogue and Daʻwah: An Analysis of the Writings of Maulana Wahiduddin Khan
5. Islamic Voice’s Agenda for the Muslims of India
6. An Islamist Approach to Inter-Faith Dialogue: The Jamaʻat-i Islami of India
7. Islamic Perspectives on Liberation and Dialogue: Muslim Writings in Dalit Voice
8. The ‘Dalit Muslims’ and the All-India Backward Muslim Morcha
9. Islam and the Dalit Quest for Liberation in Contemporary India
10. ‘Now or Never!’: The Inter-Faith Dialogue Project of Acharya Maulana Shams Naved ʻUsmani
11. The Deendar Anjuman: Between Dialogue and Conflict
12. Islamist Activism in Contemporary India: The Students’ Islamic Movement of India
13. Kashmir: From National Liberation to Islamist Jihad?
Glossary
Notes
References
Index
Recommend Papers

Muslims in India since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations
 9780203561386, 0203561384

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