Modern Physics with Modern Computational Methods: for Scientists and Engineers [3 ed.] 9780128177907

Table of contents :
Front-Matter_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-Methods
Copyright_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-Methods
Dedication_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-Methods
Dedication
About the dedication
Dedication
Contents_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-Methods
Contents
Preface_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-Methods
Preface
This new third edition
Acknowledgments
Supplements to the text
Introduction_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-Methods
Introduction
I.1 The concepts of particles and waves
I.1.1 The variables of a moving particle
I.1.2 Elementary properties of waves
Traveling waves
Standing waves
The Fourier theorem
Representation of waves using exponentials
I.1.3 Interference and diffraction phenomena
Electromagnetic waves
I.2 An overview of quantum physics
Basic equations
Variables of particles
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic radiation
Summary
Suggestions for further reading
Questions
Problems
Chapter-1---The-wave-particle-d_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computationa
1 The wave-particle duality
1.1 The particle model of light
1.1.1 The photoelectric effect
1.1.2 The absorption and emission of light by atoms
1.1.2.1 Principles of atomic spectra
1.1.2.2 The Bohr model of the atom
1.1.2.3 The energy levels and spectra of hydrogen
1.1.3 The Compton effect
1.2 The wave model of radiation and matter
1.2.1 X-ray scattering
1.2.2 Electron waves
Suggestions for further reading
Basic equations
Photoelectric effect
Emission and absorption of radiation by atoms
Wave properties of radiation and matter
Summary
Questions
Problems
Chapter-2---The-Schr-dinger-wave-_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computatio
2 The Schrödinger wave equation
2.1 The wave equation
2.2 Probabilities and average values
2.3 The finite potential well
2.4 The simple harmonic oscillator
2.5 Time evolution of the wave function
Suggestion for further reading
Basic equations
The wave equation
Solutions of Schrödinger time-independent equation
Time evolution of wave function
Summary
Questions
Problems
Chapter-3---Operators-and-wa_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-M
3 Operators and waves
3.1 Observables, operators, and eigenvalues
3.2 The finite well and harmonic oscillator using finite differences
3.3 The finite well and harmonic oscillator with spline collocation
3.4 Electron scattering
3.4.1 Scattering from a potential step
3.4.2 Barrier penetration and tunneling
3.4.3 T-matrices
3.4.4 Scattering from more complex barriers
3.5 The Heisenberg uncertainty principle
3.5.1 Wave packets and the uncertainty principle
3.5.2 Average value of the momentum and the energy
Suggestion for further reading
Basic equations
Observables, operators, and eigenvalues
Electron scattering
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Summary
Questions
Problems
Chapter-4---The-hydrogen-at_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-Me
4 The hydrogen atom
4.1 The Gross structure of hydrogen
4.1.1 The Schrödinger equation in three dimensions
4.1.2 The energy levels of hydrogen
4.1.3 The wave functions of hydrogen
4.1.4 Probabilities and average values in three dimensions
4.1.5 The intrinsic spin of the electron
4.2 Radiative transitions
4.2.1 The Einstein A and B coefficients
4.2.2 Transition probabilities
4.2.3 Selection rules
4.3 The fine structure of hydrogen
4.3.1 The magnetic moment of the electron
4.3.2 The Stern-Gerlach experiment
4.3.3 The spin of the electron
4.3.4 The addition of angular momentum
Rule for addition of angular momenta
4.3.5 * The fine structure
4.3.6 * The Zeeman effect
Suggestion for further reading
Basic equations
Wave function for hydrogen
Probabilities and average values
Transition probabilities
The fine structure of hydrogen
Summary
Questions
Problems
Chapter-5---Many-electron-at_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-M
5 Many-electron atoms
5.1 The independent-particle model
5.1.1 Antisymmetric wave functions and the Pauli exclusion principle
5.1.2 The central-field approximation
5.2 Shell structure and the periodic table
5.3 The LS term energies
5.4 Configurations of two electrons
5.4.1 Configurations of equivalent electrons
5.4.2 Configurations of two nonequivalent electrons
5.5 The Hartree-Fock method
5.5.1 The Hartree-Fock applet
5.5.2 The size of atoms and the strength of their interactions
5.6 Further developments in atomic theory
Suggestions for further reading
Basic equations
Definition of atomic units
Atomic unit of distance
Atomic unit of energy
Summary
Questions
Problems
Chapter-6---The-emergence-of-masers_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computat
6 The emergence of masers and lasers
6.1 Radiative transitions
6.2 Laser amplification
6.3 Laser cooling
6.4 * Magneto-optical traps
Suggestions for further reading
Basic equations
Hamiltonian of outer electron in the magnetic field of nucleus
Total angular momentum of electron and nucleus
The z-component of magnetic moment of outer electron
The energy of the outer electron due the magnetic field B
Summary
Questions
Problems
Chapter-7---Diatomic-molecu_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-Me
7 Diatomic molecules
7.1 The hydrogen molecular ion
7.2 The Hartree-Fock method
7.3 Exoplanets
References
Summary
Questions
Chapter-8---Statistical-phys_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-M
8 Statistical physics
8.1 The nature of statistical laws
8.2 An ideal gas
8.3 Applications of Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics
8.3.1 Maxwell distribution of the speeds of gas particles
8.3.2 Black body radiation
8.4 Entropy and the laws of thermodynamics
8.4.1 The four laws of thermodynamics
8.5 A perfect quantum gas
8.6 Bose-Einstein condensation
8.7 Free-electron theory of metals
Suggestions for further reading
Basic equations
Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics
Applications of Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics
Entropy and the laws of thermodynamics
Quantum statistics
Free-electron theory of metals
Summary
Questions
Problems
Chapter-9---Electronic-structure-_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computatio
9 Electronic structure of solids
9.1 The Bravais lattice
9.2 Additional crystal structures
9.2.1 The diamond structure
9.2.2 The hexagonal close-packed structure
9.2.3 The sodium chloride structure
9.3 The reciprocal lattice
9.4 Lattice planes
9.5 Bloch's theorem
Bloch's theorem
Alternate form of Bloch's theorem
9.6 Diffraction of electrons by an ideal crystal
9.7 The band gap
9.8 Classification of solids
9.8.1 The band picture
Insulators
Semiconductors
Metals
Graphene
Carbon nanotubes
9.8.2 The bond picture
Covalent bonding
Ionic bonding
Molecular crystals
Hydrogen-bonded crystals
Metals
Suggestions for further reading
Basic equations
Bravais lattice
Reciprocal lattice
Bloch's theorem
Scattering of electrons by a crystal
Summary
Questions
Problems
Chapter-10---Charge-carriers-in-sem_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computat
10 Charge carriers in semiconductors
10.1 Density of charge carriers in semiconductors
10.2 Doped crystals
10.3 A few simple devices
10.3.1 The p-n junction
10.3.2 Solar cells
10.3.3 Bipolar transistors
10.3.4 Junction field-effect transistors (JFET)
10.3.5 MOSFETs
Suggestions for further reading
Summary
Questions
Chapter-11---Semiconductor-la_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-
11 Semiconductor lasers
11.1 Motion of electrons in a crystal
11.2 Band structure of semiconductors
11.2.1 Conduction bands
11.2.2 Valence bands
11.2.3 Optical transitions
11.3 Heterostructures
11.3.1 Properties of heterostructures
11.3.2 Experimental methods
11.3.3 Theoretical methods
11.4 Quantum wells
11.5 Quantum barriers
11.5.1 Scattering of electrons by potential barriers
11.5.2 Light waves
11.5.3 Reflection and transmission by an interface
11.5.4 The Fabry-Perot laser
11.6 Phenomenological description of diode lasers
11.6.1 The rate equation
11.6.2 Well below threshold
11.6.3 The laser threshold
11.6.4 Above threshold
Suggestions for further reading
Basic equations
Quantum wells in heterostructures
Quantum barriers
Reflection and transmission of light
Phenomenological description of diode lasers
Summary
Questions
Problems
Chapter-12---The-special-theory-of_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computati
12 The special theory of relativity
12.1 Galilean transformations
12.2 The relative nature of simultaneity
12.3 Lorentz transformation
12.3.1 The transformation equations
12.3.2 Lorentz contraction
12.3.3 Time dilation
12.3.4 The invariant space-time interval
12.3.5 Addition of velocities
12.3.6 The Doppler effect
12.4 Space-time diagrams
12.4.1 Particle motion
12.4.2 Lorentz transformations
12.4.3 The light cone
12.5 Four-vectors
Suggestions for further reading
Basic equations
Galilean transformations
The relativistic transformations
Four vectors
Summary
Questions
Problems
Chapter-13---The-relativistic-wave-equati_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Co
13 The relativistic wave equations and general relativity
13.1 Momentum and energy
13.2 Conservation of energy and momentum
13.3 * The Dirac theory of the electron
13.3.1 Review of the Schrödinger theory
13.3.2 The Klein-Gordon equation
13.3.3 The Dirac equation
13.3.4 Plane wave solutions of the Dirac equation
13.4 * Field quantization
13.5 The general theory of relativity
13.5.1 The principle of equivalence
13.5.2 The path of a freely-falling body in curvilinear coordinates
13.5.3 Relations between partial derivatives of gμν and Γλμν
13.5.4 A slow moving particle in a weak gravitational field
13.5.5 Vectors and tensors
13.5.6 Transformation of the affine connection
13.5.7 Covariant differentiation
13.5.8 The parallel transport of a vector along a curve
13.5.9 The curvature tensor
13.5.10 Einstein's field equations
Suggestions for further reading
Basic equations
Definitions
The Dirac theory of the electron
Summary
Questions
Problems
Chapter-14---Particle-physi_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-Me
14 Particle physics
14.1 Leptons and quarks
14.2 Conservation laws
14.2.1 Energy, momentum, and charge
14.2.2 Lepton number
14.2.3 Baryon number
14.2.4 Strangeness
14.2.5 Charm, beauty, and truth
14.3 Spatial symmetries
14.3.1 Angular momentum of composite systems
14.3.2 Parity
14.4 Isospin and color
14.4.1 Isospin
14.4.1.1 Quarks
14.4.1.2 The light mesons
14.4.1.3 The light baryons
14.4.1.4 Pion-nucleon scattering
14.4.2 Color
14.5 Feynman diagrams
14.5.1 Electromagnetic interactions
14.5.2 Weak interactions
14.5.3 Strong interactions
14.6 The R(3) and SU(3) symmetry groups
14.6.1 The rotation group in three dimensions
14.6.2 The SU(3) symmetry group
14.6.3 The representations of SU(3)
14.6.3.1 The flavor SU(3) symmetry
14.6.3.2 The color SU(3) symmetry
14.7 * Gauge invariance and the electroweak theory
14.8 Spontaneous symmetry breaking and the discovery of the Higgs
14.9 Supersymmetry
14.9.1 Symmetries in physics
14.9.2 The Poincaré algebra
14.9.3 The supersymmetry algebra
Suggestions for further reading
Basic equations
Leptons and quarks
Definition of hypercharge and isospin
Feynman diagrams
SU(3) symmetry
Summary
Questions
Problems
Chapter-15---Nuclear-physi_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-Met
15 Nuclear physics
15.1 Properties of nuclei
15.1.1 Nuclear sizes
15.1.2 Binding energies
15.1.3 The semiempirical mass formula
15.2 Decay processes
15.2.1 Alpha decay
15.2.2 The β-stability valley
15.2.3 Gamma decay
15.2.4 Natural radioactivity
15.3 The nuclear shell model
15.3.1 Nuclear potential wells
15.3.2 Nucleon states
15.3.3 Magic numbers
15.3.4 The spin-orbit interaction
15.4 Excited states of nuclei
Suggestions for further reading
Basic equations
Binding energy
The semiempirical formula
Magic numbers
Summary
Questions
Problems
Index_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-Methods
Index
Appendix-A---Constants-and-convers_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computati
A Constants and conversion factors
Constants
Particle masses
Conversion factors
Appendix-B---Atomic-masse_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational-Meth
B Atomic masses
Appendix-C---Introduction-to-M_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational
C Introduction to MATLAB®
Creating a vector
Plotting functions
Using Arrays in MATLAB
Using functions in MATLAB
Appendix-D---Solution-of-the-oscill_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computat
D Solution of the oscillator equation
Appendix-E---The-average-value-of-t_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computat
E The average value of the momentum
Appendix-F---The-Hartree-Fock-_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Computational
F The Hartree-Fock applet
Appendix-G---Integrals-that-arise-in-s_2021_Modern-Physics-with-Modern-Compu
G Integrals that arise in statistical physics
References
Further reading