Mark Twain-Howells Letters: Volume II Mark Twain-Howells Letters: The Correspondence of Samuel L. Clemens and William D. Howells, 1872-1910, Volume II [Reprint 2014 ed.] 9780674368873, 9780674368866

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MARK

TWAIN-HOWELLS LETTERS

VOLUME

TWO

MA R Κ TWA IN- HO WELLS LETTERS The Correspondence of Samuel L. Clemens and William D. Howells 1 8 7 2 - 1 9 1 0

Edited by Henry Nash Smith and William M. Gibson with the assistance of Frederick Anderson

THE BELKNAP PRESS OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Massachusetts i960

© Copyright, tg6o, by the Mark Twain Company §) Copyright, i960, by Mildred Howells and John Mead Howells Copyright, 1960, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

Distributed in Great Britain by Oxford University Press, London

Typography by Burton Jones

Printed and bound by The Riverside Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 60-5397

CONTENTS VOLUME

VII VIII

A MIGHTY

GOOD

BOOK

YOU ARE REALLY

IX

X XI XII

(1883-1884),

MY ONLY

THEORETICAL

SOCIALISTS,

ARISTOCRATS

(1887-1891)

OLD DERELICTS

ENOUGH

AUTHOR

continued

455

(1885-1886)

517

PRACTICAL 577

(1892-1900)

FRY ME AN OPTIMIST TALK

TWO

LEFT

647

(1 900-

1 90 4)

721

IN US (1 9 ο 5 - ι 9 1 ο)

791

APPENDIX Undated Letters and Notes The Dramatic Version of The Η omens's Objections

857 Gilded

Age

861

to "Some Learned Fables"

863

The Extract from Hospital Days in Sketches, New and Old

863

A Political

864

Speech by Clemens

The Suit for Damages against Clemens in ι8ηη Mark Twain and the Reunion

865

of the Army of the Tennessee

Howells's Yorick's Love The Actual American

Claimant

869

Clemens's Political Speech in the Campaign of 1880 The

Whipping

Ballad in The

The Anachronistic

873 Prince and the Pauper

Baronet in The

Sales Technique

of Subscription

Letter

CALENDAR

INDEX

Book Agents

874

with 876 879 880

OF LETTERS

BIOGRAPHICAL

874

Prince and the Pauper

Mark Twain's Letter to the Concord Free Trade Club, Howells's Revisions Additional

871

Boy's Story

Miles Hendon's

867 868

DIRECTORY

883 905 923

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS VOLUME

TWO

Clemens's letter to Frank A. Nichols, March 1885, with his own and Howells's revisions. ( M T P )

following page 526

Mark Twain's seventieth birthday dinner at Delmonico's, 5 December 1905. (MTP)

facing page 718

George W . Cable at Mark Twain's seventieth birthday dinner. ( M T P ) facing page 718 Clemens's humorous libel of Howells, 1901. (Upper left, Harper's Weekly, 9 November 1901; upper right, frontispiece portrait, Georges Dory, The Private Life of the Sultan of Turkey, New York, 1901) facing page 719 Clemens's house, Stormfield, near Redding,

Connecticut.

(William W . Howells)

facing page 719

Joseph H. Twichell about 1900. (MTP)

facing page 750

Charles W. Stoddard in 1902. (Bancroft)

facing page 750

Charles D. Warner about 1895. (MTP)

facing page 750

Clemens on the terrace of the Villa di Quarto, Florence, 1904. ( M T P )

facing page 751

VII

A MIGHTY GOOD BOOK, continued ( 1 8 8 3 - 1 884)

VII ( 1 8 8 3 - 1 8 8 4 ) »

342.

CONTINUED

CLEMENS TO HO WELLS

[Hartford] Dec. 20/83. M y Dear Howells: I couldn't telegraph him, because him — didn't want to seem too anxious.

I had already

written

Now let's write a tragedy. T h e enclosed is not fancy, it is history — except that the little girl was a passing stranger 8c not kin to any of the parties. I read the incident in Carlyle's C r o m w e l l a year ago & made a note in my notebook; 1 stumbled on the note to-day, & wrote u p the closing scene of a possible tragedy to see how it might work. If we made this Colonel a grand fellow, 8c gave him a wife to suit — hey? It's right in the big historical times — war, — C r o m w e l l in big, picturesque power, 8c all that. C o m e — let's do this tragedy, 8c do it well. Curious — but didn't Florence want a Cromwell? 2 B u t Cromwell w o u l d not be the chief figure here. Ys Ever Mark. T e l l Mrs. Howells — never mind — I was only going to say how poor our sagacity was in lugging that valise around where everybody could see it. Cromwell.3 Gentlemen, ye have heard the verdict — one of the three must die. Choose ye, by lot, which of you it shall be.

455

MARK

TWAIN-HOWELLS

LETTERS

Colonel. T o that cannot I consent, your Highness. Cr. Wherefore not? Col. T h e authority that has condemned me, hath also authority to execute m e — lawful authority, rightful authority. Against its acts & decrees I offer no protest, but submit without murmur. That authority believing me guilty, can execute me without offense to God or the realm. But if I vote away mine own life, I violate the commandment of God, 8c do murder. Cr. How? What is this? How mean you? Col. I may not kill an innocent man — & I am innocent. I may not kill a guilty man — & by the power that hath tried me, I am that. I may not kill at all — it is forbidden by a higher authority than human courts. Cr. (To Major.) What say you, sir? Major. So please your Highness, I am of the same mind. I am ready to die, since it is so decreed, but I cannot (vote) cast away (mine my lif) my life by lot — it is suicide, 8c is forbidden. Cr. (To the Captain.) And you, sir? Cap. I also am of like mind, your Highness. I cannot commit this sin. They have spoken truth — it would be suicide. Cr. (Troubled — to his subordinates.) There is argument in what they say. I am perplexed. (They consult apart.) Then let it be so. It is wisely bethought. Prepare three bits of paper: two white, for life, one red, for death. Stand side by side, sirs — place each a hand behind you. (The 3 stand with their backs to the populace gathered at the rear of the stage.) (Enter Minnie, the Col's little child.) Minnie (aside). O, the soldiers! & the great people! Ο what a fine sight! I would mamma were here to see it! But I must find my dear papa; for I've got a kiss for him from mamma — strange she should cry when she is sending him a kiss — I don't cry when I think of papa, 8c think a kiss for him. Cr. One shall (choose who is) cast the lots who is ignorant of the matter, 8c impartial, 8

I.· /

J(as**>& M/~ K' Cp III ι Sal^57)· 2. Mark T w a i n was making frantic efforts to raise money in order to meet the financial demands made upon him by the Paige typesetting machine.

507.

OLIVIA L. CLEMENS TO

HOWELLS

[Hartford, 28 February 1891] My dear Mr. Howells; I am permited to add a postscript to Mrs. Howells. I think however that I will write on an other sheet, but I seem to be a party to this performance. On the contrary I put in my protest and say it is shameful to use a friend so. Very Sincerely yours Olivia L. Clemens MS. This note is written on the same sheet with the last page of Clemens's letter to Howells, 28 February 1891.

508.

HOWELLS TO

CLEMENS

Boston, March 3, 1891. My dear Clemens: I talked your letter into a fonograf in my usual tone, at my usual gait of speech. Then the fonograf man talked his answer in at his wonted swing and swell. T h e n we took the cylinder to a type-writer in the next room, and she put the hooks into her ears, and wrote the whole out. I send you the result. 1 There is a mistake of one word. I think that if you have the cheek to dictate the story into the fonograf, all the rest is perfectly easy. It wouldn't fatigue me to talk for an hour 638

THEORETICAL

SOCIALISTS

(1887-1891)

as I did They wont lease a machine for less than a year, but you see that the whole expense, cylinders and all, is only $115. It is a mighty good notion to write Sellers out in that way, and I am curious to see what you've done. My wife has Mrs. Clemens's letter, and will shortly fix a date for our appearance in Hartford. She is pretty poorly, and we shall go to New York first for a radical change, and then work back by Hartford. It's very sweet of you both to let us come, and we join in love to you both This machine is a Hammond; 2 I wish it was a fonograf. Yours ever, W . D. Howells. 1. T h e phonograph

transcription

of

a passage

man's answer, o n

from

Clemens's

letterhead sheets of

letter,

and

the Boston

of

the

agency

of

the N e w E n g l a n d P h o n o g r a p h C o . is in M T P . O n 6 M a r c h the manager of the agency acknowledged Clemens's order of five dozen "blanks," a n d on 18 and

19 M a r c h an order for additional records (Aug. N . Sampson to

SLC,

Boston, M T P ) . 2. T h e

machine

with

which

this

letter

was

written.

It

had

several

changeable "plates of t y p e " ; here Howells used a script type face which h e had

suggested

to the manufacturers,

and

which

was

called b y

them

the

" W . D . Howells Special" ( W D Η to W C H , Boston, 6 A p r i l 1890, H o u g h t o n ) .

509.

HOWELLS TO CLEMENS

Boston, March 15, 1891 My dear Clemens: I sent you the play 1 on Friday, and today I have mailed you the little book of Swedenborg's which I spoke of.2 I think you'll find it very amusing. Some things are entirely grotesque, but there are gleams of probability, too. W e had, as we always do at your house, a handsome time, but too short for the things I wanted to say. I hope you have made up your sleep since we left, and that the fonograf is behaving. 3 Mrs. Howells enjoyed herself immensely. She joins me in love to both of you. Yours ever W . D. Howells. 6

39

MARK

TWAIN-HOWELLS

LETTERS

ι. The American Claimant. 2. Presumably Heaven and Hell, which with others of Swedenborg's works had been the subject of lively discussion in letters between Howells and Howard Pyle in the months preceding this letter (LinL, II, 9 - 1 1 , 14-15; C. D. Abbott, Howard Pyle: A Chronicle [New York, 1925], pp. 178-188). 3. The Howellses had been with the Clemenses in Hartford on 11 March. This was doubtless one of the occasions Howells remembered later when the two friends sat up late reasoning high "of Providence, foreknowledge, will and fate, / Fixed fate, free will, foreknowledge absolute," Clemens "walking up and down, and halting now and then, with a fine toss and slant of his shaggy head, as some bold thought or splendid joke struck him" (MMT, pp. 9-10). After the visit, Clemens wrote in his notebook: "Got the phonograph March 1 1 / 9 1 , Howells present . . . " (Notebook #25, TS, p. 25, MTP).

51Ο.

HOWELLS TO C L E M E N S

Boston, A p r i l 3,

1891.

M y dear Clemens: These pages enclosed are from a letter of my friend Balesteir, 1 who has just formed a partnership with Heinemann of London for the publication of English books on the Continent. Send me a word in reply to his wish for you. H e is a good fellow, and for all I know will use you handsomely. A t least I am in his hands; though Tauchnitz had ceased to add my new books to his list, and I was glad to go anywhere. I've known Balesteir a good while, and only good of him. H e has lots of push and go. Please return me his letter. Did you ever get the play, and the little Swedenborg book? Mrs. Howells is not well, and is out at Auburndale. If you are rejoicing in Susy's presence, give her my love, 2 and best regards to Mrs. Clemens. Yours ever W . D. Howells. 1. Charles Wolcott Balestier, friend of Henry James and brother-mlaw to Rudyard Kipling, had been a guest of the Howells family at Saratoga the preceding summer. He "professed an intense relish for the works of Mr. Howells" (Henry James, "Wolcott Balestier," Cosmopolitan,

640

THEORETICAL X I I I , 45, May ended

with

(1887-1891)

1892). His hope to publish in competition with

his untimely

notebook

(#25,

letter

Howells

to

SOCIALISTS

TS,

death

later

p. 33, M T P )

(London,

21

the

March

in

1891.

Clemens

following passage 1891,

Tauchnitz

copied from

Houghton):

into

his

Balestier's

"Mark

Twain,

you know, is more valuable on the continent than any writer, English or American.

He

sells in

Persia & Samarcand

& the Grecian

Archipelago."

2. Susy Clemens was currently expected home from Bryn Mawr.

511.

CLEMENS T O

HOWELLS

Hartford, Apl. 4/91. Dear Howells: I'm ashamed. It happened in this way. I was purposing to acknowledge the receipt of the play & the little book per phonograph, so that you could see that that instrument is good enough for mere letter-writing; then I meant to add the fact that you can't write literature with it, because it hasn't any ideas 8c it hasn't any gift for elaboration, or smartness of talk, or vigor of action, or felicity of expression, but is just matter-of-fact, compressive, unornamental, & as grave 8c unsmiling as the devil. I filled four dozen cylinders in two sittings, then found I could have said about as much with the pen 8c said it a deal better. Then I resigned. I believe it could teach one to dictate literature to a phonographer 1 — & some time I will experiment in that line. T h e little book is charmingly written, & it interested me. But it flies too high for me. Its concretest things are filmy abstractions to me, 8c when I lay my grip on one of them 8c open my hand, I feel as embarrassed as I used to feel when I thought I had caught a fly. I'm going to try to mail it back to you to-day — I mean I'm going to charge my memory. Charging my memory is one of my chief industries. I got a letter from Stoker 2 last week, 8c one from Tauchnitz next day. I didn't have to do anything but refer both to Chatto in London. It wouldn't have been right for me to do more than that, for Chatto has attended to all my small continental 64 1

MARK

TWAIN

- HO WELLS

LETTERS

affairs for the past ten years 8c saved me a whole world of bother & letter-writing. I hope the new house will prosper, & yet if they are going to put many people up on your level & pay 15 per cent royalty, I should think their prosperity just a trifle doubtful. In his letter Stoker offered me, the popular-8c-widely-read, 12 per cent., & if I had been attending to the matter myself instead of referring it to Chatto, I should have vaguely 8c roundaboutedly asked him how he thought the enterprise was going to be able to pay that. One is privileged to imagine that the thing can be evenedup by having a raft of 3 8c 4 per cent authors. Still a body's got to admit that there probably ain't any 3 or 4 per cent authors that are worth 3 or 4 per cent. My experience is that they're pretty dear at no-per cent 8c make the plates themselves. I believe the enterprise will succeed — after they cut down the royalties to a figure that will give the publisher, as well as the author, a chance for his life. With our loves 8c our best 8c kindest regards distributed among you according to the proprieties. Ys Ever Mark. P.S. I'm sending that ancient "Mental Telegraphy" article to Harper's — with a modern postscript.3 Probably read it to you years ago. S L C 1. A stenographer. In later years Clemens did dictate to a stenographer the rambling reminiscences he called his autobiography. g. Bram Stoker, who had served as business adviser to Henry Irving and who would write Dracula

six years later. He was associated with the

new firm of Heinemann & Balestier (Balestier to W D H , London, 21 March 1891, Houghton). 3. It was published in Harper's

for December

T h e article includes two anecdotes involving Howells.

642

(DE, X X I I ,

111-137).

THEORETICAL

512.

SOCIALISTS

HOWELLS TO

(1887-1891)

CLEMENS

Boston, April 1 1 ,

1891.

M y dear Clemens: T h i s is Stepniak, 1 whom you knew long before I celebrated him to you. I am sure you and he will not fail to be great friends.

Yours ever W . D. Howells.

x. Sergius Kravchinski, a Russian Nihilist and exile; he employed the pseudonym Stepniak and published his books under that name. Howells had reviewed his book The Russian Peasant very favorably in November 1888; now, having met the author, he was much taken with him. A great reader of Howells's books, Stepniak talked to the members of Howells's club on one occasion, and came home to dinner with him on another, after lecturing on the Siberian exiles. Howells thought Stepniak's lecture on Tolstoy "one of the most important things I ever heard" even though Howells preferred passive resistance to Stepniak's revolutionary zeal. He recommended Stepniak to J . B. Pond, and to H. D. Lloyd in Chicago, and proposed to Charles A. Dana of the New York Sun a plan of Stepniak's for supporting the liberal cause in Russia by constant reporting of it to the world outside (LinL, II, 12-14; WDH to Dana, Boston, 29 January 1891, Princeton, AGM TS). The Russian called on the Clemenses in Hartford. Many years later Clemens remembered Livy's embarrassment when he told Stepniak he had not read Balzac or Thackeray (MTB, p. 1350). A letter from Stepniak to Livy (New York, 19 April 1891, Samossoud, TS in MTP) thanks her for "the opportunity of knowing all your family and Mr. Clemens whose work, I understand now finer better than before." He says he has sent to Clemens a copy of his Underground Russia (Eng. trans., New York, 1883).

513.

HOWELLS TO

CLEMENS

Boston, M a y 19,

1891.

M y dear Clemens: T h e papers say you are going to Europe for your few remaining years. 1 I hope this is not ill health or ill luck that is taking

645

MARK

TWAIN-HOWELLS

LETTERS

you, but I am so worried about where to place myself here for the summer, that I almost wish I was sick or sorry enough to go to Europe, too. I have been worrying away on my story 2 till it seems the most fool and futile thing ever attempted. Really I feel sometimes like simply running away from it. Bok3 told me some weeks ago that you had finished your story, and sold him the serial rights. I've wondered how you managed to fight clear of my part in the plot, if you followed the lines of the play at all. Heme's play 4 here was a very strange affair — half bad, but the rest so good that you forgot the bad half.5 It had the greatest success amongst the intellectuals, but the great money paying populace thought it was the Foregone Conclusion,® and stayed away. Yours ever W. D. Howells. 1. It is a minor mystery why Clemens let Howells learn of his intention to go to Europe from the newspapers. He had been helping his Hartford servants find other jobs a month earlier. Visits to European watering places had been recommended for Livy's illness and Clemens's rheumatism; the profits from the publication of Grant's Memoirs had been swallowed up by the Paige typesetter; and the Hartford house was now too costly to maintain. Although Clemens's steadily worsening business affairs called him back to the United States for several flying visits within the next few years, the family remained in Europe until the spring of 1895. 2. The Quality of Mercy, a novel about the effect upon family, friends, and community of a defalcator's flight to Canada and his subsequent misery. 3. Edward W. Bok, who had organized the Bok Syndicate in 1886 and was now the ambitious young editor of the Ladies Home Journal. He had approached Frederick J . Hall late in April to negotiate for publication of The American Claimant, and had called on Clemens in Hartford to inspect the MS. On 12 May, Cyrus Η. K. Curtis, Bok's superior, offered $6000 for the novel as a serial in the Ladies Home Journal. Hall drew up a contract subject to Clemens's approval, and Bok was justified in believing at this stage that the arrangement was certain to go through. But before Clemens had signed the contract with the Ladies Home Journal the McClure Syndicate opened negotiations with Hall and eventually bought British and American serial rights to The American Claimant for $12,000. At the same time the McClure Syndicate contracted to pay $1000 each for any letters (of 5000 to 6000 words) that Mark Twain might wish to write from

644

THEORETICAL

SOCIALISTS

(1887-1891)

Europe (Hall to S L C , New York, 25, 30 April, 2, 6, 12, 21, 22, 28, 29 May 1891; Hall to F. G. Whitmore, N e w York, 11 J u n e 1891; Notebook # 2 5 , T S , pp. 44, 46, M T P ) . 4. His own Margaret Fleming,

in which he took the principal male role.

5. In the August "Editor's Study," Howells characterized Margaret Fleming as not so good, all round, as Arthur Jones's Judah; but, he added, "it is in places far deeper and greater, and it is ours; it is American to the finger-nails." H e found the "naked simplicity" of Mrs. Heme's acting "terrific," and concluded that in Herne "we have not only an actor of the most advanced type" but " a dramatist of remarkable and almost unequalled performance." 6. Howells's dramatization of his novel, which had failed in when Alessandro Salvini brought it there in November 1889.

514.

Boston

C L E M E N S TO HOWELLS

Hartford, May 20/91. Dear Howells: For her health's sake Mrs. Clemens must try some baths somewhere, & this it is that has determined us to go to Europe. The water required seems to be provided at a little obscure & little-visited nook up in the hills back of the Rhine somewhere & you get to it by Rhine traffic-boat & country stage-coach. Come, get "sick or sorry enough" & join us. We shall be a little while at that bath, 8c the rest of the summer at Annecy (this is confidential to you) in Haute Savoie, 22 miles from Geneva. Spend the winters in Berlin. I don't know how long we shall be in Europe — I have a vote, but I don't cast it. 1 I'm going to do whatever the others desire, with leave to change their mind, without prejudice, whenever they want to. Travel has no longer any charm for me. I have seen all the foreign countries I want to see except heaven & hell, & I have only a vague curiosity as concerns one of those. I found I couldn't use the play 2 — I had departed too far from its lines when I came to look at it. I thought I might get a great deal of dialogue out of it, but I got only 15 loosely written pages — they saved me half a day's work. It was the curs-

645

MARK

TWAIN-HOWELLS

LETTERS

ing phonograph. There was abundance of good dialogue, but it couldn't be fitted into the new conditions of the story.3 Oh, look here — I did to-day what I have several times in past years thought of doing: answered an interviewing proposition from a rich newspaper 4 with the reminder that they had not stated the terms; that my time was all occupied with writing, at good pay, 8c that as talking was harder work I should not care to venture it unless I knew that the pay was going to be proportionately higher. I wish I had thought of this the other day when Charley Stoddard turned a pleasant Englishman 5 loose on me & I couldn't think of any rational excuse. Yrs Ever Mark ι. Clemens wrote to Mrs. Fairbanks on 29 May that he wanted to stay in Europe 30 days, Jean 60, Clara 90, Susy 100, and Livy six months (Hartford, M T M F , p. 267). 2. The American Claimant. 3. Mark T w a i n took over from the play Colonel Sellers's claim to an English earldom and his fantastic "scientific" experiments (including the "materialization" of the dead), but the principal interest of the novel lies in a theme related to some of the political ideas of A Connecticut Yankee and conceived as a reversal of Colonel Sellers's fantasy of noble birth — the experiences of a young English nobleman who wishes to renounce his title and wealth in order to seek his fortune as a citizen of a free republic. T h e irony of the gap between democratic theory and actual conditions in America, and the critique of romantic pretensions in Sellers and his daughter Sally, are promising new themes but their development is cramped by a plot constructed of theatrical cliches. 4. T h e New York World, whose Sunday-edition editor, Julius Chambers, wanted Mark Twain either to talk about "books and the art of writing" or to give his "impressions of Greater New York . . . as seen from the top of the dome of the W O R L D building" (Chambers to SLC, New York, 19, 21 May, MTP). 5. Since Charles Warren Stoddard's letter asking Clemens to grant an interview to his English friend (Washington, D.C., 7 May 1891, M T P ) characteristically fails to mention the stranger's name, he cannot be identified.

646

χ

OLD DERELICTS (1892-1900) 3'2

9 0

1

m

CALENDAR OF (l)

WRITER AND

(2)

DATE

(3)

ADDRESSEE

636. 637. 638. 639. 640.

SLC to WD Η WDH to SLC SLC to WDH SLC to WDH WDH to SLC

641. WDH to SLC

LETTERS

LOCATION

OF

(4)

PREVIOUS

PUBLICATION

ORIGINAL

26 June 1 Aug. 3 Aug. 29? Aug. 31 Aug. 1 Nov.

Berg Berg Houghton Houghton Unknown; copy in MTP MTP

l? Jan. 21 Feb. 27 Feb. 29 March 3 Oct. 4 Oct.

Houghton MTP MTP MTP MTP Houghton

M T L 796-97 (F deleted) M T B 1323 (F)

1907 642. 643. 644. 645. 646. 647.

SLC to WDH WDH to SLC WDH to SLC WDH to SLC WDH to SLC SLC to WDH

Ρ M T 784-85

1908 648. 649. 650. 651.

SLC to WDH WDH to SLC WDH to SLC SLC to WDH

22 4 8 22

Jan. Feb. July July

Houghton MTP Berg Houghton

652. SLC to WDH

12 Aug.

Berg

653. WDH to SLC

15 Aug.

MTP

654. 655. 656. 657. 658. 659. 660.

SLC to WDH SLC to WDH WDH to SLC SLC to WDH WDH to SLC WDH to SLC WDH to SLC

24 26 30 23 25 3 16

Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Nov. Dec. Dec.

Houghton Unknown MTP Houghton MTP MTP MTP

George Ade, One After noon with Mark Twain, insert between pp. 8 and g M T L 816-17 (F deleted); M T B 1459 (F) LinL, II, 257-58 (F deleted) text from M T L 822 LinL, II, 260

1909 661. SLC to WDH

18 Jan.

Unknown

662. WDH to SLC 663. SLC to WDH 664. SLC to WDH

12 March 13 March 17 April

665. WDH to SLC 666. SLC to EMH 667. WDH to SLC

5 May 7 Aug25 Aug.

MTP Houghton Berg & Houghton MTP Houghton MTP

902

text from M T L Ρ M T 785 LinL, II, 263-64

830;

M T B 1488-89 (%); M T L 830-31 ( % )

UNDATED (i)

WRITER AND

(2)

LETTERS

DATE

LOCATION OF

(3)

ADDRESSEE

AND

NOTES (4)

PREVIOUS PUBLICATION

ORIGINAL

668. WDH to SLC

5 Nov.

669. SLC to WDH 670. WDH to SLC

7 Nov. 10 Nov.

Houghton MTP

671. WDH to SLC

18 Jan.

Huntington

LinL, II, 278-79; M T B 1559; M T L 839, 840

672 WDH to SLC

11 Feb.

MTP

LinL, II, 281-82

MTP

LinL, II, 274-75 (F deleted)

1910

m

Undated Letters and Notes [TEXT IN APPENDIX]

A i . WDH to SLC A2. SLC to WDH A3. SLC to WDH A4. SLC to WDH A5. WDH to SLC A6. WDH to SLC

A7. SLC to WDH

A8. SLC to WDH

"We are convinced. . . ." "We came through all right. . . ." "No, I answered explaining. . . ." "I've waited an hour & a half. . . "I'm afraid we can't manage the theatre. . . ." [newspaper clipping about "Missouri Meerschaum"] "You have answered up promptly. . . ." "P.S. Ο, I forgot to say. . . ."

9°3

MTP MTP Houghton Houghton MTP Unknown

Houghton

Houghton

text from Overland Monthly, L X X X V I I , 124 (April 1929)

BIOGRAPHICAL

DIRECTORY

The persons listed here are those most often mentioned in the correspondence and the notes, with the exception of men too famous to need identification or, at the other extreme, those so obscure that the editors have not been able to find out anything about them beyond what is revealed in the correspondence (e.g., Karl Gerhardt, Frederick J. Hall). Condensed genealogical tables of the Clemens and Howells families appear at the end of the Directory. ALDEN, Henry M. (1836-1919). A graduate of Williams College (1857) and Andover Theological Seminary (i860) who decided against entering the ministry. After teaching school for a time he succeeded in placing articles with the Atlantic and in 1863 was employed as an editor of Harper's Pictorial History of the Great Rebellion. He remained with the firm until his death, serving for forty years as editor of Harper's Monthly.

Thomas Bailey (1836-1907). After an apprenticeship as correspondent for the New York Tribune, Aldrich became managing editor of the New York Illustrated News in 1862, editor of Every Saturday (Boston, 1866-74), and finally W D H ' s successor as editor of the Atlantic (1881-90). His best known works are The Story of a Bad Boy (1870), "Marjorie Daw" (1873), Prudence Palfrey (1874), The Stillwater Tragedy (1880), and Ponkapog Papers (1903).

ALDRICH,

Thomas G. (1812-84). A Bostonian diner-out, raconteur, and wit, son of the wealthy cotton manufacturer, Nathan Appleton, and brother-inlaw of Longfellow. He wrote poems (Faded Leaves, 1872), essays (A Sheaf of Papers, 1875), and a travel diary (A Nile Journal, 1876). APPLETON,

John K. (1862-1922). A celebrated humorous lecturer, editor of Puck (1904-05) and author of A Houseboat on the Styx (1896).

BANGS,

Lawrence (1838-91). An American actor of wide reputation who often appeared in Shakespearian and other roles with Edwin Booth and who published a biography of Edwin Forrest (1881). He produced and acted in the dramatization of W D H ' s A Counterfeit Presentment and Yorick's Love. BARRETT,

Sylvester (1850-1927). A reporter on the Boston Advertiser (187175) and the Boston Herald (1879-83, 1885-1906), and an enthusiastic disciple of Edward Bellamy. He was author of Boston Park Guide (1895), Cruise of a Land Yacht (1891), and The Unseen House and Other Poems (1917).

BAXTER,

BEARD, Daniel C. (1850-1941). Illustrator, writer, and founder of the Boy Scouts of America (1910). He illustrated A Connecticut Yankee by SLC and

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wrote many books, of which American Boys' Handy Book (1882) and Boy Pioneers and Sons of Daniel Boone (1909) are representative. Henry W a r d (1813-87). A celebrated preacher and lyceum lecturer, son of Lyman Beecher and brother of Harriet Beecher Stowe, w h o served for decades as pastor of the Plymouth (Congregational) Church in Brooklyn. In 1874 he became the center of a scandal caused by Theodore Tilton's charge of adultery against Beecher and Tilton's wife. Beecher published many volumes of sermons and a number of other books, such as a novel (Norwood; or, Village Life in New England, 1867), a life of Christ (1871), and Evolution and Religion (1885). BEECHER,

George (1828-95). London publisher who succeeded his father, Richard Bentley, as head of the family firm. W h e n the company acquired the magazine Temple Bar in 1866, George Bentley became editor of it, and made a specialty of serializing the works of such popular novelists as W i l k i e Collins and Marie Corelli. BENTLEY,

Elisha P. (1822-80). President of the American Publishing Company of Hartford, a subscription house that published all of SLC's books from Innocents Abroad (1869) to A Tramp Abroad (1880). BLISS,

BLISS, Frank E. Son of Elisha Bliss, he succeeded his father as president of the American Publishing Company. Although S L C severed his connection with the company soon after the death of the father, Frank E. Bliss was able to make an arrangement whereby he published Following the Equator in 1897 and a U n i f o r m Edition of the works of S L C in twenty-three volumes (1899-

1903)· Boon·, Francis (1813-1904). A n American composer of songs and church music who lived in Italy for a number of years before he settled in Cambridge, Mass., in 1874. He was reputed to have been Henry James's model for Gilbert Osmond in The Portrait of a Lady. BOYESEN, Hjalmar H. (1848-95). A novelist and literary critic of Norwegian birth who served as professor of German at Cornell and Columbia. H e was a frequent contributor to the Atlantic. In addition to such scholarly works as Goethe and Schiller (1879) and Essays on Scandinavian Literature (1895), he wrote many novels, of which the best known is The Mammon of Unrighteousness (1891).

John (1810-80). A native of Dublin who began his theatrical career in London but came to the United States in 1842. During fifty years as actor and manager he wrote, translated, adapted, or otherwise had a hand in almost a hundred dramatic pieces, including London Assurance, in which he collaborated with Dion Boucicault. BROUGHAM,

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Ole B. (1810-80). Norwegian violinist who toured the United States five times between 1843 a n d 1879. In 1870 he married as his second wife Sara Chapman Thorp, of Madison, Wisconsin. Mrs. Bull's parents rented the house of James Russell Lowell in Cambridge in 1879, and during the following winter the musician and his wife mingled a great deal in the society of Cambridge and Boston. Bull sailed for Norway in June 1880 and died there of cancer on 17 August. BULL,

Alfred P. (1846-94). A professional elocutionist and actor who was born in Chicago and served there as a public-school principal before going on the stage. His rendering of his dramatized version of A Tale of Τιυο Cities was celebrated. He made three tours in partnership with Bill Nye. BURBANK,

C O N W A Y , Moncure D. (1832-1907). A clergyman and writer who published several of WDH's early poems and acted informally as Clemens's literary agent in London in the 1870's. By inheritance a Virginian, Conway became an abolitionist. He was sent to England in 1863 to make antislavery speeches, and became pastor of a Unitarian congregation there (1864-84, 1892-97). He was a prolific writer of pamphlets, magazine articles in the Atlantic and elsewhere, and books on a variety of subjects (but particularly on religion, demonology, and slavery). He wrote biographies of Hawthorne, Carlyle, and Thomas Paine, and he edited Paine's works (1894-96).

Richard (1841-1922). A politician notable in the history of Tammany Hall. Croker was born in Ireland but was brought to this country as a small child. After establishing a reputation as a prize fighter in New York slums, he held a series of political appointments under the patronage of Tammany. He joined a faction hostile to Boss Tweed and survived Tweed's conviction and imprisonment in 1871 to become leader of the Tammany machine in 1886. When Tammany was defeated in the election of 1894, Croker lived for two years in England, returned to power in New York for a brief period (1897-1900), and thereafter lived mainly in England and Ireland, where he maintained a celebrated stable of race horses. CROKER,

George W. (1824-92). Editor, essayist, and leader in the campaign for civil-service reform. After two years at Brook Farm in the early 1840's, Curtis traveled for four years in Europe and the Near East as correspondent for the New York Tribune. His letters were collected in Nile Notes of a Howadji (1851), and the success of this book prepared the way for two further volumes of essays — Lotus-Eating (1852) and Potiphar Papers (1853). Curtis became assistant editor of Putnam's Monthly in 1856; upon the failure of this magazine he assumed debts for which he was not legally liable. He was editor of Harper's Weekly from 1863 to his death, and from 1853 onward he also wrote the "Editor's Easy Chair" in Harper's Monthly.

CURTIS,

DAGGETT,

Rollin M. (1831-1901). A San Francisco and Virginia City news-

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paper reporter and editor; a colleague of SLC on the Territorial Enterprise in the early 1860's. Later he became Congressman from Nevada (1879-81) and U.S. Minister to Hawaii (1882-85). John Augustin (1838-99). An American playwright and theatrical producer who began as drama critic on New York papers in the early i86o's. His first play, Under the Gaslight, produced in 1867, was so successful that he was able to take over the Fifth Avenue Theatre. In 1873 he wrote and produced an extravaganza based in part on SLC's Roughing It. In a long and successful career in the theatre he wrote or adapted some ninety plays and for many years managed in New York a theatre bearing his name.

DALY,

Charles A. (1819-97). A newspaperman who went from Brook Farm to Greeley's New York Tribune (1849-62), served as Assistant Secretary of War (1863-64), and in 1867 became part owner and editor of the New York Sun — a connection he maintained until his death. DANA,

John W . (1826-1906). De Forest served as a captain in the Union Army during the Civil War and used his military experiences as the basis for his famous novel, Miss Ravenel's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty (1867). Kate Beaumont (1872) is similarly based upon De Forest's experiences as district commander of the Freedmen's Bureau in South Carolina after the War. In 1875 he published Honest John Vane, a fictional treatment of the problem of corruption in politics. DE FOREST,

DICKINSON, Anna (1842-1932). A gifted orator, abolitionist, and agitator for women's rights who attained celebrity as a Republican stump speaker during the Civil War. In 1864 she was invited to speak in the hall of the House of Representatives to an audience that included President Lincoln. After the War she embarked on a career of lyceum lecturing but failed to sustain her earlier popularity, and in 1876 she turned to the stage. She attempted the role of Hamlet without success, and was no more fortunate in the roles of A n n Boleyn in her play A Crown of Thorns and Zenobia in her play Aurelian. In 1891 she was confined for a time in an insane asylum but secured her release when a sanity trial resulted in a hung jury. She won libel suits against several New York newspapers in connection with the incident.

Frederick A. (d. 1919). A newspaperman who left the editorship of the New York World to become secretary of Harper 8c Bros, when George Harvey took over management of the firm in 1900. Duneka was active both in the book-publishing program and on the editorial staff of Harper's Monthly. In 1915 he was made vice-president of Harpers. DUNEKA,

Finley Peter (1867-1936). Creator of "Mr. Martin Dooley," a fictitious Chicago saloonkeeper who dispensed shrewd criticism of political and other matters in an Irish dialect. Dunne was born in Chicago and served his ap-

DUNNE,

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prenticeship on newspapers there before attaining the city editorship of the Times at the age of twenty-one. Mr. Dooley first appeared in print in 1893, and for many years thereafter Dunne continued to elaborate the character in newspaper columns, which were collected in a series of books beginning with Mr. Dooley in Peace and War (1898). In 1900 Dunne moved to New York and was associated successively with Collier's, the New York Morning Telegraph, and (in 1906) the American Magazine, where his colleagues were the leading muckrakers — Lincoln Steffens, Ida M. Tarbell, Ray Stannard Baker, and William Allen White. He later wrote for the Metropolitan, a moderate Socialist publication, and in 1915 returned to Collier's. He retired in 1927. Mrs. Abel W. (Mary M.) (1828-98). Second wife of Abel W . Fairbanks, publisher of the Cleveland Herald, she was a correspondent for this paper on the Quaker City excursion to Europe and the Holy Land in 1867. During this cruise she became mentor and critic for the young SLC, who called her "Mother Fairbanks." He addressed to her more than a hundred letters over a period of almost thirty years. FAIRBANKS,

FAIRCHILD, Charles (1838-1910). A native of Wisconsin who was graduated from Harvard College in 1858, fought in the Union Army, attended Harvard Law School for a time without taking a degree, and in 1866 entered the employment of S. D. Warren, manufacturer of paper. After fourteen years in this job Fairchild accepted a position with Lee, Higginson 8c Co., brokers, of Boston. In 1895 he established his own firm of brokers in New York. Fairchild assisted W D H in financing the house he built in Belmont, and the two families were neighbors during the Howellses' residence there in 1881-82.

James T . (1817-81). Partner in a celebrated Boston firm of booksellers and publishers which from 1854 bore the name of Ticknor & Fields, and editor of the Atlantic from 1861 to 1870. Fields hired W D H as assistant editor in 1866 and left him in full charge of the magazine upon Fields's retirement in 1870. FIELDS,

John (1842-1901). A prolific and widely read historian, lyceum lecturer, and popularizer of philosophy and science. Fiske was assistant librarian of Harvard College in 1872-79 and, after 1884, professor of American history in Washington University, St. Louis. He received more votes than anyone else in a contest conducted by Literature in 1899 to select members for a hypothetical American Academy. Representative books by Fiske are Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy (1874) and The American Revolution (2 vols., 1891). FISKE,

Antoine Ί Έ Ο Η Β ^ Achille (1839-1908). Montreal journalist and poet, translator for the Canadian House of Commons, who married W D H ' s sister Anne in 1877. His books include Mes Loires (1862) and Les Fleurs Boreales (1881). FRECHETTE,

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Daniel (1851-1940). Theatrical impresario, manager of the Fifth Avenue Theatre and the Madison Square Theatre (1879-85) and, after 1885, of the Lyceum Theatre, all in New York. FROHMAN,

Ossip (1878-1936). Russian pianist who married Clara Clemens in 1909. He conducted the Detroit Symphony from 1918 until his death and made many concert tours both in this country and in Europe. GABRILOWITSCH,

Hamlin (1860-1940). Self-educated Middle Western farm boy who became a novelist and critic. A t the outset of his career he received advice and encouragement from W D H , whom he admired as the champion of realism in literature. His most celebrated books are Main-Travelled Roads (1891) and A Son of the Middle Border (1917).

GARLAND,

Richard Watson (1844-1909). Assistant editor of Scribnefs Monthly (1870-81) and editor-in-chief of the magazine from 1881, when it became the Century, until his death. Gilder was widely influential as adviser and sometimes censor of American writers (including SLC). He was author of many volumes of verse, including The New Day (1875); biographies of Lincoln (1909) and Cleveland (1910); and other books. GILDER,

William (1855-1937). A native of Hartford whose debut on the stage was financed by SLC. His first New York role was in John T . Raymond's production of Colonel Sellers in 1875. Later he became famous as an actor (especially in the role of Sherlock Holmes) and a playwright. After an apprenticeship in adapting European plays and dramatizing novels, he wrote many original plays, the best known of which are about the Civil War — Held by the Enemy (1886) and Secret Service (1895). GILLETTE,

Joseph T . (1838-1917). Co-owner and publisher of the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise in the early 1860's, when SLC began his professional writing career as a reporter on this paper. During the second boom period of the Comstock Lode in the 1870's, Goodman made a fortune speculating in mining stocks, but he lost it in the same fashion and settled on a grape ranch near Fresno, California. In the 1880's he went back into journalism in the San Francisco area. His study of Central American archeology as a hobby enabled him to make an important contribution to deciphering the Mayan calendar and numerical system; his monograph The Archaic Maya Inscriptions was published in London in 1897 under the auspices of A. P. Maudslay. GOODMAN,

David (1836-88). Newspaperman and poet whom SLC met in Buffalo in 1870. Gray, a native of Scotland, had been brought as a boy by his parents to Wisconsin. He became a reporter for the Buffalo Daily Courier in 1859 and was made editor-in-chief in 1876. In 1882 he suffered a mild stroke, which obliged him to spend long periods during the remaining six years of his GRAY,

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life in rest and travel for the sake of his health. Always a devout Christian, he joined the Plymouth Brethren in 1882. He was a friend and ardent supporter of Samuel J. Tilden and Grover Cleveland. Shortly after his death, a selection of his poems (mainly occasional) was published with a biographical memoir by J. N. Lamed. George (d. 1897). Negro servant of the Clemenses from 1875 to 1891, when the family broke up housekeeping in Hartford. He was a deacon of the African Methodist Church, but was passionately fond of betting on horse races and elections, and very successful at it. GRIFFIN,

Edward Everett (1822-1909). A Unitarian clergyman celebrated as the author of " T h e Man Without a Country" (published in the Atlantic in 1863). Hale followed a familiar course through Harvard College and into the pulpit of a Unitarian Church at Worcester (1846-56) before taking up the pastorate of the South Congregational Church in his native Boston. Here he served the rest of his life. He was a prodigious worker in support of good causes, shared WDH's devotion to Tolstoy's writings and produced quantities of religious and humanitarian journalism. He edited a magazine, Old and New, from 1870 to 1875. Among his books are A New England Boyhood (1893) and James Russell Lowell and His Friends (1899). HALE,

Henry (1861-1905). A novelist who began his career by writing about Jewish immigrants under the pseudonym "Sidney Luska." In 1890, in a sudden change of direction, he went to London, joined the group of expatriate esthetes there, and became the original editor of The Yellow Book (1894-97). Later he wrote the immensely popular novel, The Cardinal's Snuff Box (1900), and other romances in the mode of the turn of the century. HARLAND,

Joel Chandler (1848-1908). After an apprenticeship to a country newspaper near Eatonton, Georgia, Harris worked at various typesetting jobs and in 1870 became editorial writer for the Savannah Morning News under the editorship of William T . Thompson. A growing reputation as a humorist earned him a position on the Atlanta Constitution in 1876, and he continued on this paper for twenty-four years. His versions of Negro folk tales, collected in Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings (1881) and Nights with Uncle Remus (1883), brought him national fame. In later years he wrote children's books, novels, and short stories, but nothing in his other work came up to the level of the Uncle Remus tales. HARRIS,

George (1864-1928). Harvey began as a reporter on small-town papers, then worked on the Springfield Republican. He joined the staff of Pulitzer's New York World in 1883 and became managing editor of it in 1890. He played an important role in the Democratic party and was a close friend of Cleveland and other political leaders. Resigning from the World in 1892, HARVEY,

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he went into business as an associate of William C. Whitney, who was speculating in the development of the street transportation system of greater New York. With a comfortable fortune made in this fashion, Harvey bought the North American Review in 1899, and in 1900, when Harper 8c Bros, was in financial straits, he took over the management of the firm under an agreement between the Harper family, who held the stock, and J. P. Morgan 8c Co., the principal creditors. He continued as editor of Harper's Weekly until 1913 and of the North American Review until 1926. In the early years of the century Harvey built up Woodrow Wilson as a political figure, was largely responsible for Wilson's election as governor of New Jersey in 1910, and virtually conferred the Democratic presidential nomination on him in 1912. Later he opposed American entry into the League of Nations, supported Harding in 1920, and was rewarded by being appointed Ambassador to Great Britain (1931-23). Joseph R. (1826-1905). After receiving his A.B. from Hamilton College in 1847, Hawley was admitted to the bar. He became an enthusiastic charter member of the Republican party, and in 1857 left the practice of law to edit the Hartford Evening Press as a party organ. He served throughout the Civil War in the Union Army and was brevetted major-general of volunteers. In 1866 he was elected governor of Connecticut; and in 1867, in collaboration with his college friend Charles Dudley Warner, he became editor of the Hartford Courant, with which the Press was merged. During the remaining years of his life he served three terms in the House of Representatives, was president of the United States Centennial Commission, which conducted the Centennial Exhibition of 1876 in Philadelphia, and from 1881 to 1905 was Senator from Connecticut. HAWLEY,

HAY, John (1838-1905). Hay grew up on the Mississippi River in Warsaw, Illinois, attended Brown University, and became assistant private secretary to Abraham Lincoln (1861-65). From 1865 to 1867 he was secretary to the United States Legation in Paris and, after an interval during which he worked on the New York Tribune, became Assistant Secretary of State in 1878. He married the daughter of a wealthy industrialist and settled in Cleveland, Ohio, where he practiced law and continued the literary interests that had already found expression in Castilian Days (1871) and Pike County Ballads (1871). His novel The Bread-Winners (1884) is strongly hostile to labor unions. In collaboration with John Nicolay he published Abraham Lincoln: A History in ten volumes (1890). He was appointed Ambassador to Great Britain by McKinley in 1897 a n d ί η l 8 98 became Secretary of State, a post he retained under Roosevelt (to 1905). In this office he formulated the Open Door policy in China and negotiated the treaty that gave the United States control of the territory where the Panama Canal was cut a few years later. HENSCHEL,

Sir George (1850-1934). An internationally celebrated singer, con9

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ductor, and composer, born in Germany and trained at the conservatories of Leipzig and Berlin, who was first conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra (1881-84). Taking up his residence in England, Henschel served as the first conductor of the London symphony concerts (i886-g7) and of the Scottish Orchestra in Glasgow (1893-95). In 1881 he married Lillian June Bailey of Columbus, Ohio, also a singer, and they were for many years a famous partnership on the concert stage. Henschel was naturalized as a British subject in 1890. He was knighted upon his retirement in 1914. Thomas Wentworth (1823-1911). A Unitarian minister, educated at Harvard College and Harvard Divinity School, who left the ministry to serve as colonel of the first Negro regiment formed in the Union Army. After the War he made his career as a journalist and writer, publishing a novel, sketches, a volume of reminiscences (Army Life in a Black Regiment, 1870), and biographies of Whittier, Longfellow, Margaret Fuller, and other New England celebrities. He gave Emily Dickinson advice and encouragement, and after her death he collaborated with Mabel L. T o d d in editing two volumes of Miss Dickinson's poems. Among the many good causes for which Higginson campaigned, he was most fully identified with civil-service reform. HIGGINSON,

Henry O. (1823-95). In 1852 Houghton set up a printing shop in Cambridge, Mass., which soon became known as the Riverside Press. T h e partnership of Hurd & Houghton, formed in 1864 (with Melancthon M. Hurd of New York), lasted until 1874, when in a major reorganization H. O. Houghton & Co. acquired the Atlantic Monthly from James R. Osgood 8c Co. In 1878 the firm became Houghton, Osgood & Co., with a list of authors that included virtually all the New England worthies (Emerson, Whittier, Longfellow, Holmes, Lowell, Thoreau, Hawthorne, and others). After a further reorganization in 1880, when Osgood withdrew, the firm took the name of Houghton Mifflin fc Co. HOUGHTON,

Edward H. (1836-1901). House began his journalistic career as music and drama critic on the Boston Courier in 1854 but moved on to the New York Tribune in 1858. Upon the outbreak of the Civil War he became a correspondent with the Union Armies in Virginia. Soon after SLC came to New York early in 1867, House met him, and the two young and unattached newspapermen quickly became friends. After spending a couple of years in theatrical management in New York and London, House joined the staff of the New York Times in 1870. In 1871 he went to Japan as a professor of English; subsequently edited an English-language newspaper subsidized by the Japanese government; returned to the United States in 1880, where he once again worked for the Tribune; but soon went on to London to manage the British tour of Edwin Booth. For a time he was connected with the management of St. James's Theatre, London. Confined to a wheel chair by a stroke in 1883, House seems to have managed to support himself by freeHOUSE,

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lance writing. In 1890 he brought suit to enjoin performances of Daniel Frohman's production of Abby Sage Richardson's dramatic version of The Prince and the Pauper, maintaining that SLC had given him dramatic rights to the book. Not long after this episode House returned to Japan, where he worked to introduce Western music. He was supported until his death by a pension from the Japanese government. H U T T O N , Laurence (1843-1904). An essayist and critic, literary editor of Harper's Monthly (1886-98). Hutton's books include Plays and Players (1875), Actors and Actresses of Great Britain and the United States (1886), and Edwin Booth (1893).

Robert G. (1833-99). Lawyer, orator, "the great agnostic" of the Gilded Age. Ingersoll was born in upstate New York but grew up in the Middle West. He entered the Civil War with a regiment of Illinois cavalry and rose to the rank of colonel. He was elected attorney-general of Illinois (1867-69), but his political advancement was hampered by his religious skepticism, which he publicized in scores of lyceum lectures. He attained national celebrity by his speech in the Republican convention of 1876, in which he applied to James G. Blaine the epithet "plumed knight." In 1879 Ingersoll moved to Washington, and in 1885 to New York, in the interests of his lucrative law practice, which involved clients of political and financial importance. Of his lectures, perhaps the most celebrated was "Some Mistakes of Moses," first delivered in 1879 but often repeated, in which he popularized some of the results of the "higher criticism" of the Scriptures. INGERSOLL,

KEELER, Ralph (1840-73). A vagabond and adventurer from California who became compositor and later a writer for Every Saturday and the Atlantic. He wrote a novel laid in San Francisco, Gloverson and His Silent Partners (1869). He disappeared while on his way to Cuba as correspondent for the New York Tribune in 1873.

Clara Louise (1842-1916). A popular American soprano for twentyfive years after her debut in New York in 1861 as Gilda in Rigoletto. In 1887 she married Carl Strakosch, her manager, and took up her residence in New Hartford, Connecticut. She was well known to the circle of literary people who met at the house of Mrs. James T . Fields in Boston, and was an especial friend of Longfellow. KELLOGG,

Clarence (1842-1901). A graduate o f the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale who became first director of the United States Geological Survey. W D Η published four of his sketches on "Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada" in the Atlantic in 1871. After he retired from the Survey in 1881, King became a consultant for mining companies and a speculator in mining properties. He was a close friend of John Hay and Henry Adams. KING,

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LAFFAN, William Mackay (1848-1909). A journalist, an amateur artist in several media, and a connoisseur of art. Laffan was born in Ireland but came to the United States at the age of twenty and, after working on newspapers in San Francisco and Baltimore, joined the staff of the New York Sun in 1877 as drama and art critic. He quickly became editorial writer and finally publisher of the paper. He was a close friend of J. P. Morgan, and collaborated with Τ . B. Clarke in preparing a catalogue of the Morgan Collection in the Metropolitan Museum. LATHROP, George P. (1851-98). Associate editor of the Atlantic from 1875 to 1877, journalist, free-lance writer, and an active crusader for international copyright. Lathrop married Hawthorne's daughter Rose, wrote A Study of Hawthorne (1876), and edited the standard edition of Hawthorne's works in twelve volumes (1883). LEARY, Katy (b. 1863). OLC's personal maid and a devoted servant of the family until SLC's death. LEATHERS, Jesse M. (d. 1877). A ne'er-do-well Kentuckian whom SLC acknowledged as "a sort of second or third cousin," and who regarded himself as the rightful heir to the earldom of Durham. LEWIS, John T . (1835-1906). Negro farmer employed by the family of Livy Clemens's foster-sister, Mrs. Theodore Crane, at Quarry Farm near Elmira. In the summer of 1877 he heroically rescued members of the Crane and Langdon families from a runaway horse. He was a devout member of the Brethren Church. LYON, Isabel V. (1868-1958). Personal secretary of SLC from 1903 to 1909 who took down in longhand most of the Autobiographical Dictation. In 1909 she married Ralph W. Ashcroft, an Englishman whom SLC had hired in 1907 as a special secretary and business manager. She left SLC's employ before the end of 1909, and was divorced from Ashcroft shortly thereafter. MCALEER, Patrick (1846-1906). Coachman who entered the service of the Clemenses in 1870 at the time of their marriage, continued in it until they left Hartford in 1891 for their extended residence in Europe, and returned to work for Clemens a few months during the summer of 1905 at Dublin, N.H. MCCLURE, Samuel S. (1857-1949). A n Irish immigrant who established a highly successful newspaper syndicate in 1884, and in 1893 founded McClure's Magazine, which he edited, 1898-1913 and 1922-26. MATTHEWS, James Brander (1852-1929). Literary critic, essayist, dramatist, short-story writer who taught literature at Columbia from 1892 to 1924. He was president of the National Institute of Arts and Letters, 1913-14.

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M I L L E T , Francis D. (1846-1912). A graduate of Harvard (1869) who learned lithography on the Boston Advertiser and then studied art at the Royal Academy of Antwerp (1871-73). During the 1870's Millet traveled widely in the Near East, helped John La Farge decorate Trinity Church in Boston, and reported the Russo-Turkish War of 1877 for the New York Herald and two London papers. For a time during the 1880's he lived with E. A. Abbey, J. S. Sargent, and Alfred Parsons in Broadway, England. He made a trip down the Danube in 1891 which he described in articles for Harper's Monthly, in 1893 he was master of ceremonies for the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago; and in 1899 he was correspondent for the London Times, Harper's Weekly, and the New York Sun in the Philippines. He became director of the American Academy in Rome in 1911, and in 1912 was lost with the Titanic while returning from a trip to Rome on Academy business. M I T C H E L L , Silas Weir (1829-1914). A Philadelphia physician who specialized in diseases of the nervous system, and a prolific novelist who introduced into fiction the results of his researches in abnormal psychology. Among his novels are In War Time (1885) and Roland Blake (1886), both dealing with the Civil War; Hugh Wynne, Free Quaker (1897), a historical novel of the American Revolution; and Constance Trescot (1905). NORTON, Charles Eliot (1827-1908). Professor of art history at Harvard (187398); co-editor with Lowell of the North American Review; one of the founders of the Nation·, and a frequent contributor to the Atlantic. Norton was a lifelong friend of W D H and helped him buy his first house in Cambridge. He made a prose translation of the Divine Comedy and edited the poems of Donne and the letters of Carlyle.

James R . (1826-92). Boston publisher who began as a clerk with Ticknor 8c Fields in 1855 and worked his way up to a partnership in 1868. When Fields retired in 1871, the firm of Fields, Osgood & Co. became James R. Osgood & Co. After the Boston fire of 1872 and the panic of 1873, he was compelled by a shortage of credit to sell the Atlantic in 1874 to Henry O. Houghton, and in 1878 he merged his firm with Houghton's to form Houghton, Osgood & Co. After Houghton bought out Osgood in 1880, Osgood became publisher for W D H and SLC. In 1882 he made a trip with SLC down the Mississippi to New Orleans. Osgood went bankrupt in 1885 and subsequently served as the representative of Harpers in London.

OSGOOD,

Albert B. (1861-1937). A professional photographer and dealer in photographic supplies in the Middle West who came to New York in 1895 determined to make his way as a writer. After being employed by various humorous periodicals he began editing a contributors' column in St. Nicholas in 1899 and kept it up for ten years. He wrote many children's books, light novels, and biographies, notably one of Thomas Nast (1904). In 1906 he ΡΑΊΝΕ,

9 1 6

BIOGRAPHICAL

DIRECTORY

secured SLC's permission to write his biography, and soon had become SLC's closest companion and general editorial assistant. Upon SLC's death he became literary editor of the Mark T w a i n Estate and continued in this post until his own death. He wrote Mark Twain: A Biography (1912) and edited Mark Twain's Letters (1917), Mark Twain's Autobiography (1924), and Mark Twain's Notebook (1935). Thomas S. (1845-1928). After receiving his A.B. from Harvard in 1866, Perry studied in Germany with William James. He was tutor in French and German at Harvard, 1868-72, worked on the staff of the North American Review, 1872-77, and returned to the Harvard faculty in the Department of English, 1877-82. A t various times he was literary critic for the Nation and the Atlantic. He was justly renowned for his first-hand knowledge of European literature. Among his many books are The Life and Letters of Francis Lieber (1882), English Literature of the Eighteenth Century (1883), From Opitz to Lessing (1885), History of Greek Literature (1890), and a biography of John Fiske (1906). PERRY,

James B. (1838-1903). Pond learned the printer's trade in Wisconsin, served in the Union cavalry during the Civil War (earning the rank of major), and after the W a r worked on the Salt Lake City Tribune. He began his activities as an impresario by managing a lecture tour for A n n Eliza, the nineteenth wife of Brigham Young, when she renounced Mormonism. Pond later held a position on the staff of James Redpath's Boston Lyceum Bureau and in 1875 joined with George H. Hathaway to buy out Redpath. In 1879 Pond opened his own agency in New York. Between 1875 and 1887 he traveled more than three hundred thousand miles as Henry Ward Beecher's manager, making arrangements for more than twelve hundred lectures. Pond was also manager for SLC's later tours, including that with Cable in 1884-85 and the tour around the world in 1895-96, and for W D H ' s lecture tour in 1899. POND,

R A Y M O N D , John T . (1836-87). Stage name of John O'Brien, the actor who created the role of Colonel Sellers in Mark Twain's dramatization of The Gilded Age. Raymond began his apprenticeship as an actor in 1853; he appeared with Laura Keene's company in New York in 1861; he succeeded Joseph Jefferson in the role of Asa Trenchard in Our American Cousin; and in 1867 he played this role opposite Sothern's Lord Dundreary in London. After he became a star and could choose his roles, he usually played in comedies by American playwrights, in which he was noted for his deadpan manner.

James (1833-91). A native of Scotland who came with his parents to Michigan in 1850. As a correspondent for Greeley's Tribune Redpath traveled widely through the South in the 1850's reporting on the condition of the slaves. He served as a correspondent with the Union forces during the War, and in the early years of Reconstruction he was superintendent of REDPATH,

917

BIOGRAPHICAL

DIRECTORY

schools in Charleston, South Carolina. In 1868 he founded the Boston Lyceum Bureau, which managed lecture tours for Emerson, Greeley, Thoreau, Sumner, Phillips, and other noted platform figures. In 1886 Redpath became editor of the North American Review, but he retired from this position after a year because of ill health. Whitelaw (1837-1912). Reid was connected with the New York Tribune from 1868 to 1905; he became managing editor in 1869 and editor in 1872. He served as U.S. Minister to France (1889-92), as a member of the American commission to negotiate peace with Spain (1898), and as Ambassador to Great Britain (1905-12).

REID,

ROGERS, Henry H. (1840-1909). Rogers grew up in Fairhaven, Mass., and began his business career as a newsboy. Subsequently he was a railroad brakeman and baggageman, and then partner in one of the first refineries built in the Pennsylvania oil fields. Rogers devised the first effective machinery to separate naphtha from crude oil. His rapid rise in the oil business made him vice-president of Standard Oil in 1890. Thereafter he acquired interests in gas, copper, railroads, and insurance companies, and became one of the wealthiest tycoons of the later nineteenth century. He volunteered to help SLC untangle his business affairs when Charles L. Webster & Co. was approaching bankruptcy in 1894, and until his death he served as SLC's financial adviser.

Dean over H. W . contributed the Nation.

SAGE,

(1841-1902). A New York businessman and sportsman who took Sage & Co., the lumber company established by his father. He articles on hunting and fishing to the Atlantic, the Century, and He was a generous benefactor of Cornell University.

Francis Hopkinson (1838-1915). An engineer who made a hobby of painting and at the age of fifty turned to literature by publishing travel sketches illustrated with his own drawings. His most famous work was a novel, Colonel Carter of Cartersville (1891). SMITH,

Edmund C. (1833-1908). After working as a correspondent for the New York World during the early years of the Civil War, Stedman entered a banking firm in New York in 1863 and established his own brokerage office in 1864. For some forty years he was a prominent figure in both Wall Street and the literary world of New York. He was known as the author of delicate lyrics and the editor of the Library of American Literature (11 vols., 1889-90) and the works of Poe (10 vols., 1894-95). He was active in the American Copyright League and served as president of the National Institute of Arts and Letters.

STEDMAN,

Charles Warren (1843-1909). A poet and essayist whom SLC knew in the 1860's as a fellow contributor to the San Francisco Golden Era under the editorship of Harte. In 1867 Harte edited Stoddard's Poems, and in 1873 STODDARD,

918

BIOGRAPHICAL

DIRECTORY

Stoddard published South Sea Idyls, sketches based on visits to the Hawaiian Islands and Tahiti. In that year he went to London as correspondent for the San Francisco Chronicle, and there for a time was SLC's secretary. After much further travel in the Near East and the Pacific, Stoddard became professor of English at Notre Dame University (1885-86) and subsequently a lecturer at the Catholic University of America in Washington (1889-1902). Christian Bernhard von (1816-95). Founder (1837) of a printing and publishing house in Leipzig which issued the Tauchnitz Editions of British and American writers for sale on the Continent. SLC praised him for paying royalties to his authors even though he was not compelled to do so by existing copyright treaties.

TAUCHNITZ,

Bayard (1825-78). Indefatigable traveler, writer of travel books, lecturer, and man of letters. A t the age of nineteen Taylor worked his way to Europe for a tramping tour as correspondent for Philadelphia newspapers. Intermittently he was on the staff of the New York Tribune, serving that paper for example as Washington correspondent during the Civil War. His translation of Faust (2 vols., 1870-71) won him a wide reputation in Germany, and he was appointed Minister to that country in 1878. But he died within a few months after arriving in Berlin to assume the duties of his office.

TAYLOR,

John T . (1827-1916). Under the pseudonym "Paul Creyton" Trowbridge wrote some forty volumes of fiction, mainly boys' stories. He also contributed frequently to magazines, especially the Atlantic and the Youth's Companion. From 1870 to 1873 he was editor of Our Young Folks. He is remembered now as the author of "Darius Green and His Flying Machine."

TROWBRIDGE,

Joseph H. (1838-1918). Yale graduate, minister of the Asylum Hill Congregational Church in Hartford (1865-1912), member of the Monday Evening Club, and a close friend and neighbor of SLC in the Nook Farm Community. Twichell married SLC and Livy, he accompanied SLC on trips to Bermuda and on the European excursion described in A Tramp Abroad, and he preached his funeral sermon. TWICHELL,

Edgar (1818-75). After shipping before the mast in 1834 for a cruise to the East Indies, Wakeman had a long and tumultuous career as a seaman, ship's officer, and finally captain of various steamers, including the America, on which SLC sailed from San Francisco to Nicaragua in 1866. Wakeman's profane accounts of his adventures, his salty personality, and his vivid interpretations of Biblical stories led SLC to use him as a model for Captain Ned Blakely in Roughing It, Captain Hurricane Jones in "Some Rambling Notes," and, most important, Captain Stormfield in "Extract from Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven." WAKEMAN,

WARD,

John Quincy Adams (1830-1910). A sculptor, the first who produced

919

BIOGRAPHICAL

DIRECTORY

a considerable body of work in this country without European training. After seven years of apprenticeship with Henry K. Brown, Ward opened his own studio in New York in 1861, and thereafter he executed dozens of portrait busts, statues of historical figures, and so on. Among his most celebrated works are an "Indian Hunter," one of the first pieces of sculpture in Central Park, a "Washington" on the steps of the sub-Treasury Building in New York, a series of emblematic figures for the cupola of the state capitol in Hartford, and the pediment of the New York Stock Exchange. George E. (1833-98). Agricultural expert, sanitary engineer, and writer. Waring managed Greeley's farm at Chappaqua, New York, 1855-57; designed the drainage system for Central Park; served in the Union forces during the Civil War, attaining the rank of colonel of volunteers; and supervised the construction of a sewer system for Memphis which attracted international attention. He died from yellow fever contracted in 1898 when he was sent to Havana to design a sanitary system for that city. He was a frequent contributor to the Atlantic.

WARING,

Charles Dudley (1829-1900). Editor of the Hartford Evening Press (from 1861) and Courant (from 1867), and neighbor of SLC in the Nook Farm community of Hartford. Warner collaborated with SLC in writing The Gilded Age (1874), drawing for this purpose upon his experiences with a crew surveying the right-of-way for a railroad in Missouri in the 1850's. Beginning with My Summer in a Garden (1871), Warner published many volumes of essays and travel books based on his work for newspapers and magazines. From 1884 to 1898 he was a contributing editor of Harper's Monthly, and in 1896-97 he edited (with his brother George and others) the widely publicized Library of the World's Best Literature in thirty volumes. He was a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters.

WARNER,

Charles L. (1851-91). Husband of SLC's niece, Annie Moffett. In 1881 SLC employed Webster to supervise the manufacture of the Kaolatype process for casting brass bookbinder's dies, and in 1884 made him the manager of Charles L. Webster 8c Co., the publishing company SLC had established in New York. This firm, which used the subscription method, brought out all SLC's books from Huckleberry Finn to Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894), and it also published the Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant (1885). Ill health forced Webster to retire from the business in 1888. T h e financial troubles that ended in the bankruptcy of the firm in 1894 led SLC to make unwarranted criticisms of Webster's conduct of it.

WEBSTER,

YUNG WING (1828-1912). T h e first Chinese alumnus of an American college (Yale, 1854); director of the Chinese Educational Mission in Hartford (1872-81); and a friend of Joseph H. Twichell.

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C 166, 167, 171, 179. i g o - g i , 200-201, 203, 209, 211-13, 220, 223, 236, 238, 241, 251, 268-69, 271, 286, 290, 301-305, 314, 317, 320-21, 328-29, 336-37, 396, 398, 702, 880; Rose T e r r y Cooke, 187, 188; Charles Egbert Craddock, 532; Charles A . D e Kay, 119-21; William L . Fawcette, 73> 78; J· B· Harrison, 244; Edward H . House, 331; W D H , 10, 13, 18, 22, 48, 79· 96> " 3 . 121. 139-40. 142-43. »7374, 181, 218, 234, 244, 247, 267, 271, 287, 288, 372, 380, 382, 719, 827-28; Henry James, 161; R a l p h Keeler, 41; Clarence King, 82, 416; James Parton, 5; T h o m a s S. Perry, 492, 603; Elizabeth S. Phelps, 371; Dean Sage, 13841; Charles W . Stoddard, 32; Beiton O. Townsend, 489; John T . T r o w bridge, 135; G . E. Waring, 96-97; C D W , 12, 118, 230-31; Contributors' Club, 156-57, 15g, 167, 202, 241, 244, 271, 301-302, 303, 305, 321, 328-29, 336-37, 398; dinners for contributors, 47, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 212-15, 267, 276, 281-84, 331, 398; edited by W D H , 3, 6, 8, 24, 31, 43, 46, 48, 51, 84-87, 90-91, 94, 98, 109-11, 118, 121, 129, 139-42, 156-57, 161-62, 165, 166, 202, 207, 222, 233, 262, 267, 268, 301-303, 305, 313-15, 328, 341, 347. 349. 35°. 416. 532. 863; history, 3, 47, 53, 214, 233, 301, 347, 660, 673, 769, 869; W D H ' s reviews, 3-7, 11, 80-81, 105, 117, 128-29, 132-

35, 166, 267, 293, 298, 314, 515; rate of payment, 5, 68 A u d u b o n , John James, 318-19 Augustine, Father, 762-63 " A u n t y Cord," 195-99. S e e α ' ί 0 " T r u e Story" by SLC Austen, Jane, 769-70, 841 Authors' Club, N.Y., 725 Authors' readings, 519, 527-30, 58990, 672, 673 Baker, W . H „ 733-34 Balestier, Charles Wolcott, 640-41 Baltimore American, 515 Baltimore & Ohio T e l e g r a p h Co., 557, 563 Balzac, Ηοηοτέ de, 643 Bancroft, Hubert H., 798 Bangor (Maine) R e f o r m Club, 258 •Bangs, John Kendrick, 693, 726, 753 •Barrett, Lawrence, 21, 91, 267, 329; A Counterfeit Presentment, 171, 18082, 184, 205, 217, 339-40, 868 Barrett, Richard, 566-68 Barrett, Wilson, 588 •Baxter, Sylvester, 3 1 1 - 1 2 , 314, 316, 6 2 1 24 Bazar Budget, Hartford, 873 •Beard, Daniel C., 6 1 1 - 1 2 , 624, 806 •Beecher, Henry W a r d , 37, 100-102, 163, 227-28, 271, 528, 541 Beecher, T h o m a s K., 225 Beefsteak Club, London, 437 Belford, Alexander, 290-91, 718 Belford Bros., Toronto, 166, 183, 201— 202, 226, 238, 258, 268-69, 291, 718 Belford's Monthly Magazine, T o r o n t o , 166, 183, 201-202, 223 Belgravia, London, 193, 223, 286, 304 Bellamy, Edward, 579; W D H ' s review of Looking Backward, 622 Benson, Eugene, 165 Benson, Sir Frank R „ 619 •Bentley, George, 181, 191, 193. See also Temple Bar Bentley, Richard, 60. See also Temple Bar Benvenuti, Marietta di, 251 Bible, 246, 256, 273, 430, 468, 586, 595, 596, 622, 635, 693, 815 Bijou Theatre, Boston, 485, 486, 507508 Bird, Robert M., 467

924

INDEX Brownell, George H., 864 Browning, Robert, 596, 597 Bryce, James, 822-23 Bryn Mawr College, 635, 636, 641 Buck, Dudley, 87 Buckley, Morgan G., 329 "Buffalo Bill" (William F. Cody), 496 Buffalo Courier, 148 Buffalo Express, 9, g9 •Bull, Ole B., 104, 105, 299-301, 303 Bunker Hill Memorial, 94 Bunner, Henry C., 528 •Burbank, Alfred P., 519, 555, 556, 5 5 8 65, 592, 628-32 Burke, Edmund, 731 Burlingame, Edward, 804, 805 Burton, Richard, 753, 759-61 Bushnell, Horace, 100, 120 Butler, George H., 235, 238, 260 Butler, Nicholas Μ., 840

Blackwood's Magazine, Edinburgh, 775 Blaine, James G., 308, 423, 500-503, 50854·· 572· 8 72 Blair, Walter, 494 Blindfold Novelettes scheme, 117, 130, 133-36, 147, 14g, 155, 158-60, 262 •Bliss, Elisha P., 7 - 8 , 62, 88, 89, 92-93, 106, 145, 186, 255, 295, 306, 345, 349, 683, 700; Sketches, 99, 103, 119, 86364; Tom Sawyer, 67, 121, 1 3 1 - 3 2 , 1 3 5 36; Tramp Abroad, 287, 291, 302, 320 *Bliss, Frank E„ 349, 666, 680, 682, 683, 686, 694-95, 703, 704, 713, 715, 717 Boer War, 666, 7 1 4 - 1 6 , 723-26 Bok, Edward W „ 644 Bok Syndicate, 644 Bookman, N.Y., 824 Booth, Edwin, 414, 571, 654 Boott, Elizabeth, 87 •Boott, Francis, 86-87, 9°> 94> i°4> 128, 158 Boston Advertiser, 534-35 Boston Globe, 192 Boston Herald, 314, 529, 622, 624 Boston Ideal Opera Co. 409, 485 Boston Literary Club, 125 Boston Lyceum Bureau, 101. See also Redpath, James Boston Museum, 217, 454, 485, 486, 5 8 9 9° Boston Post, 619 Boston Symphony Orchestra, 409 Boston Theatre, 486, 487 Boston Transcript, 156, 296, 329-30, 526 Boucicault, Dion, 200-201, 475 Boughton, George H., 414 Bourke, John G., 634-35 Bowdoin College, 70 Bowser, D. W., 880 •Boyesen, Hjalmar H., 260, 528, 658 Boxer Rebellion, 723, 726, 727 Brace, Charles L., 614 Bridges, Robert, 515 British Broadcasting Corp., 506 Bromley, Isaac, 105 Brooks, Noah, 105 Brooks, Van Wyck, 50 Brooks, Zippie, 323-24 •Brougham, John, 193, 194; Lotos Leaves, 93, 148 Brown, John, 199 Brown, Phoebe Hinsdale, 162, 381, 382 Brown, Samuel R., 382

Cabell, Isa Carrington, 676, 678 Cable, George W., 130, 319, 364, 392, 403, 407, 448, 452-54. 53 1 · 541. 7»8: American Copyright League, 528-30; SLC's varying opinion, 419-20, 4 5 1 - 5 2 , 5 1 1 , 520, 521, 527, 528; illness in the Clemens's house, 466-69, 471, 478; Malory's Morte d'Arthur, 551; popularity, 694; reading tour with SLC, 499. 5°2. 5 1 1 - 1 4 > 5'9> 520, 551, 574, 701 California Theatre, San Francisco, 861 Californian, San Francisco, 9, 148 Calvo, C. Α., Jr., 488 Cambon, Jules M., 749-51 Canadian Monthly, Toronto, 200-202· 222, 223, 225, 226 Canby, Henry Seidel, 161 Cannon, Joseph, 821 Cardiff Giant, 430, 431 Carleton, George W., 1 3 1 - 3 3 Carlyle, Thomas, 455, 459, 595 Carmany, John, 235 Cassell & Co., N.Y., 587 Catholic University, 333 Cellini, Benvenuto, 180 Century Club, N.Y., 725 Century Dictionary, 718 Century Magazine, N.Y., 130, 805; "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War," 529, 541; contributors: G.W. Cable, 529; SLC, 161, 514, 515, 5 4 1 -

925

INDEX 42, 585, 587, 589, 652, 677 — WDH, 161. 345. 3 6 2. 375. 39 1 · 404. 405. 4° 8 · 409, 426, 427, 429, 441, 491, 492, 512, 5'9> 525. 53 1 ' 534- 553. 860 — H e n r y James, 161, 534 — T . S. Perry, 404, 603 Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, 626, 668; Don Quixote, 13, 507, 654 Chamberlain, Joseph, 726 Chambers, Julius, 646 Chamber's Cyclopaedia, 334 Champney, James Wells, 354, 355, 424 Chapman, James L., 209 Chapman, John W., 583, 588 Charcot, Jean Martin, 659 Charles L. Webster & Co., N.Y., 462, 55 8 · 559. 579. 6 35. 652. 6 6 6 · 8 53; bankruptcy, 649-51, 653, 670, 687; Connecticut Yankee, 580; Grant's Memoirs, 519, 529, 573, 594; Hall succeeds Webster, 563, 580, 610, 619; Huckleberry Finn, 423, 468, 483, 514-15, 525, 529, 879; Life of Pope Leo XIII, 546, 573; Mark Twain's Library of Humor, 539> 546» 586, 587. See also Webster, Charles L. Chase, Salmon P., 390 Chase, William M„ 288 Chatto & Windus, London, 248, 261, 262, 641-42, 656, 682, 699, 704, 709; Life on the Mississippi, 431, 433; Tom Sawyer, 193; A Tramp Abroad, 302. See also Belgravia Chaucer, Geoffrey, 536 "Cheiro" (Louis Hamon), 757-59 Chelsea Academy of Music, Boston, 148 Chicago Inter-Ocean, 337 Chicago Times, 571 Chicago Tribune, 45, 156, 295 Chickering Hall, Boston, 454 Child, Francis J., 213, 214 Chinese, the, 157, 326; Chinese Educational Mission, Hartford, 75, 33941, 382; SLC's views on immigration, 244, 262, 263, 572, 573 Chizzola, Maurice, 713, 714 Choate, Joseph H„ 365, 797 Christian Union, N.Y., 271, 272 Church, Frederick E., 607, 608 Churchill, Sir Winston, 724 Churchman, Hartford, 412 Cincinnati Commercial, 205 Cincinnati Gazette, 205, 337 City and State, Philadelphia, 762

Civil War (U.S.), 437, 498, 601, 807, 853, 864, 872; Grand Reunion of the Army of the Tennessee, 267, 274-75, 278-81, 571-72, 867-68; Marion Rangers, 541-42, 867. See also Grant, Ulysses S., Memoirs Clarence King Memoirs, 416 Clark, Champ, 836 Clark, Charles H., 435, 501, 502; Mark Twain's Library of Humor, 363-64, 366, 367, 396, 398-99, 403, 408, 414, 415, 417, 425, 427, 439, 538, 539, 548, 549 Clark, David, 449 Clarke, James, 718 Clarke & Co., Chicago, 718 Cleland, John, Fanny Hill, 869 Clemens, Clara Langdon ("Bay," "Ben"), 368, 384, 408, 633, 636, 696, 765, 766, 800-801, 804, 815, 819, 846, 851; birth, 18; childhood, 72, 195-99, 237, 25152, 299, 320, 323, 346, 424, 449, 450, 490, 504; health, 147, 183, 184, 246, 250, 510, 795-96; letter to SLC about W D H and J H T , 816-17; marriage, 794, 841, 848-50; OLC's illness and death, 757-60, 784, 787; SLC's death, 853; Susy Clemens's death, 662, 663, 665; music, 668, 669, 843, 846; Stormfield, 817, 831, 835, 839; telephone dialogue with Isabel Lyon, 812; travels, 646, 660, 681,743, 744 Clemens, James Ross, 859 Clemens, Jane Lampton, 22, 82, 323, 393. 395; death, 633-34; early settlers' convention, 566-69; Innocents Abroad dedication, 283; letters from SLC, 35, 440, 461; lends money to Orion Clemens, 273, 275; pride in ancestors, 870-71 Clemens, Jean (Jane Lampton), 605, 646, 661, 665, 689, 784, 796, 814, 827, 843, 849; birth, 318-24; childhood, 346, 440, 490; death, 794, 850; health, 406, 410, 412, 460, 461, 466, 633, 634, 649. 693. 7o6, 708, 735, 738, 757, 758, 760, 808, 837, 850, 860; Literature poll, 69". 6 92-93. 6 96 Clemens, John Marshall, 315, 568 Clemens, Mary Eleanor ("Mollie"), 17, 123, 269, 275, 566-68; described, 254, 256-57 Clemens,

926

Olivia

Langdon

("Livy"):

INDEX SLC's literary advisor, 33, 44, 52, 54, 65, 107, 108, 112, 122, 133, 151, 189, 227, 236, 277-78, 291, 298, 300, 301, 4 β 2. 535. 579. 5 8 6 · 608-609, 613, 652, 675, 685, 689, 699, 778, 875; death, 785-89, 842; dramatizes The Prince and the Pauper, 547; fatal illness, 724, 7 4 4 - 4 5 . 747. 75&-59. 761. 768, 773. 775. 776, 779, 781, 782, 808; financial affairs, 236-39, 543, 670, 684; friendship w i t h t h e Howellses, 50, 71, 103-105, 151, 656, 671, 787; household affairs, 76, 103, 117, 136, 158, 164, 218-19, 286, 305-306, 389, 443, 465; W D H ' s work, 18, 48, 152, 531, 625, 660-61, 695-96, 743; personal characteristics, 16, 26-27, 283, 300, 579, 628, 651, 723, 786-88; social decorum, 55, 64, 103105, 192, 212, 215, 252-53, 277-78, 357-58. 387. 400-402, 440, 450, 452, 549, 562, 625, 638, 643, 734, 765; Susy Clemens's death, 662-64, 772, 785; travels, 219-63, 317, 405, 646, 660, 662, 717 Clemens, O r i o n , 17, 27, 123, 183, 260, 270, 349, 568, 615-16; SLC's " A u t o b i o g r a p h y , " 803, 804, 811; SLC's i m p a t i e n c e a n d sympathy with, 153-54, 158, 176-77, 252-59, 269, 273-75; SLC's use of as a model for fiction, 16-17, 1 73 _ 74. '89. 246-47» 269, 871; variety of projects, 226, 273, 275, 277, 2 9 6 - 9 7 . 305. 4»9 Clemens, P a m e l a . See Moffett, P a m e l a C. Clemens, Samuel L a n g h o r n e : boyhood, 45. 5 ° . 315. 746; Christian religion, 238. 427- 520, 651, 696, 770, 815 — missionaries, 38, 461, 657-58, 727, 730, 743; Civil W a r service, 541-42, 867; death, 853-55; described, 547, 575, 576, 604, 640, 707, 744, 777, 780, 781, 821-23, 825, 827, 842-43, 853-55; determinism and despair, 501, 663, 669— 71, 689, 691-93, 698-99, 716, 733-34, 748. 757-5 8 . 774. 782. 800, 801, 815, 841, 844, 851; G e r m a n language, 228, 231-33· 237. 249. 252, 304, 482-84, 513; H a r t f o r d house, 16, 22, 26, 49, 58-59, 70, 71, 78, 90, 127, 164, 171, 223, 234, 304, 305-306, 314, 368, 389, 605; h e a l t h , 62, 77, 103, 118-21, 150, 176, 415, 417, 435, 478, 483, 626, 637, 644, 6 58-59. 737· 769. 770-72, 796, 806, 821,

927

828,842, 846-47, 850, 853; history g a m e , 435—41; honorary degrees, 724, 730, 73 1_ 33' 741. 743. 793. 826, 840, 851; importance appraised by W D H , 321, 584, 586, 626, 650, 665-66, 668, 672, 674, 677, 679, 701, 703, 708, 731, 735, 777, 813, 816, 827-28, 848, 850, 855; income a n d business affairs, 25, 68, 119, 709, 806 — bankruptcy, 649, 650, 668-70, 723 — domestic expenses, 70, 92, 171, 775 — investments, 236-39, 349, 404, 438, 439, 493, 494, 539, 543, 549, 619, 685, 687, 690 — royalties, 3, 10, 58, 92, 159, 262, 320, 372, 644, 68384, 718, 862 (see also Charles L . W e b ster & Co.; Kaolatype; Paige typesetter; Plasmon); lectures a n d readings, 7 - 9 . 1 3 - Ϊ 5 . I 0 ° . I Q 2 . 134. ! 4 7 . ' 4 8 . 154, 166, 329, 356, 364-67, 531, 5 5 1 53, 602, 625-27, 691, 693, 723, 805, 806, 838 — description of p l a t f o r m m a n n e r , 279-81, 334, 337, 513, 527, 53°. 532. 589-9°· 690-91, 705-706, 822, 867-68, 871-72 — dislike o f lecturing, 103, 710, 715, 844 — southern h e m i sphere tour, 650, 660, 671, 690, 701 — tour with Cable, 499, 501, 502, 507, 511-14, 519, 520, 551, 574, 701 (see also speeches by S L C ) ; literary criticism: c o m m e n t s o n poetry, 34-35, 75, 32627, 488, 739, 756, 774, 800, 814 — comments on prose, 65, 138, 152, 160, 161, 165, 187, 210, 261-62, 396, 492, 5 3 3 - 3 4 . 545. 7 4 9 - 5 0 . 768-69, 77880, 813-15, 832, 852, 853 (see also works by W D H ) — reliance o n W D H ' s critical opinions, 92, 106-107, 200, 226-27, 247, 486, 524, 526-27, 58182, 876-78 (see also titles of SLC's works) — sensitivity to criticism of his work, 44, 45, 55, 106-107, 191-92, 5 1 4 15. 535. 582, 586-87, 610; marriage, 7, 8, 874; m e n t a l telegraphy, 241, 36971, 376-77. 674-75, 704, 767, 768, 871; Mississippi R i v e r trip (1882), 55-59, 61, 65, 67, 79, 81, 345, 364, 393, 39596, 401-403, 452; music, 86, 104, 128, 158, 248-49, 459, 684, 827; piloting, 8. 34. 47. 50, 78, 81; propriety: i n p r i n t e d material, 85, 122, 123, 125, 129, 179-80, 203, 207-208, 238, 248, 251, 271-72, 320, 466, 535, 702, 749, 811, 815, 863, 869, 874 — profanity, 59,

INDEX 765, 844-45 — social decorum, «12-15, 217, 228, 267, 273, 353-54, 379. 4°o402, 548-49, 625, 697-98, 806, 812; pseudonyms, 277-78, 401, 813, 838, 839; "Scrap Book, Mark Twain's," 90, 169; social criticism, 241, 244-45, 298, 345, 404, 434, 581, 600, 603, 609, 625 — capitalism, 237, 579, 598, 599, 611, 622, 628, 694, 697, 871-72—civil-service reform, 156, 159, 864-65 — imperialism, 715-17, 723-27, 729, 74243 — monarchies and republics, 203204, 378, 579, 595, 613, 614, 621-23, 626, 729 — Tammany Hall, 682, 724, 731 (see also candidates for public office); Stormfield (house near Redding), 127, 794, 817-20, 830-36, 838, 839, 846, 853; travels and comments on national characteristics, 242, 268, 651-60, 677, 685, 699 — Bermuda, 79, 171, 178-79, 203-204, 828, 850, 851, 853 — England, 317, 437, 600-601, 66061, 665-67, 714, 716, 724, 872 — Germany, 227-31, 716 — Hawaiian Islands, 129, 378-79, 461-62 — Holland, 42627, 429 — Hungary, 690-91—India, 729 — Italy, 724, 773-75 — residence in Europe (1878-79), 79, 171, 219-33, 239. 267, 432. 433. (1891-1900), 426, 439. 5 8 °. 643-45, 649, 652-53, 667-68, 690, 695 — Russia, 716 — Sweden, 706; western years, 3, 325-28, 408, 550, 867; writing habits, 87-88, 91-92, 144, 231, 312, 610, 670 — dialect, 26, 321 — dictating, 119, 164, 393, 552, 580, 626, 637. 639-42, 778-79. 782. 794. 797. 808, 810-11, 819, 833, 844-45, 852. 853 — re-use of material, 873-74 — r e " visions, 50, 65, 86, 99, 119, 121-23, 189, 286-87, 674-76, 710-12 — sources, 81—82, 150, 152—53, 178-79 (see also titles of SLC's works) — speed in composition, 71, 157, 184, 187-89, 369, 417, 418, 435, 438, 440, 471, 636, 637, 810-11—stylist, 112, 526, 880 — typewriter, 51, 54, 88, 89, 106, 181-84 Clemens, Susy (Olivia Susan), 64, 74, 317, 368, 384, 504, 526, 547-48, 550, 552. 554. 555. 557. 633, 646, 667; biography of SLC, 554, 555, 576; Bryn Mawr, 635, 636, 640, 641; childhood, 54, 56, 98-99, 143, 146, 195-99, 228, 233. 237, 241-42, 251-52, 283, 288, 320,

323, 424, 4go; death and family's grief, 649, 661-65, 668-70, 685, 686, 693, 772, 785, 842; health, 60, 93, 95, 136, 147, 237,408,410,478, 636, 659, 661 Cleveland, Grover, 512, 541; SLC supports, 423, 500-502, 508-509, 5 1 1 , 872; WDH condemns, 499, 503 Cleveland Herald, 205 Cleveland Leader, 205 Cody, William F. ("Buffalo Bill"), 496 Collier, Robert, 804, 805 Collier, Thomas S., 234 Collier's N.Y., 805, 829 Collins, G. L., 769 Concord Free T r a d e Club, 519, 524-27, 876-79 Congressional Record, Washington, D.C., 762,763 Conkling, Roscoe, 314—15, 367, 871 Conlin, Bernard. See Florence, William J. Conway, Eustace, 238 •Conway, Moncure D., 193, 238, 291, 302,414 Cooke, Rose T „ 187 Cooper, James Fenimore, 497 Cooper, Thompson, 332 Copyright, 152, 262, 314, 329, 388, 796, 826, 837; SLC's attempts to protect copyright on his works, 132, 158, 189, 201, 223, 225, 226, 302, 381, 431, 433, 44 779; domestic copyright law extended, 797, 836; efforts to establish international copyright, 90, 98—102, 106, 108, 127, 295-96, 307-308, 310334-36, 396, 397. 5'9. 527-3°. 598. 805, 821-22; literary piracy, 48, 92-94, 109, 166-67, '83. 236, 238, 258, 268, 270-71, 290-91, 320, 572-73, 7i8 Corey, Ella, 531 Cornell University, 262, 384,526-27 Cornhill Magazine, London, 270 Cosmopolitan, N.Y., 650, 652, 709, 711 "Craddock, Charles Egbert" (Mary N. Murfree), 531, 532, 718 Craik, Dinah Maria Mulock, 678 Crane, Stephen, 650 Crane, Theodore, 10, 195-99, 299> 601; death, 604-606 Crane, Mrs. Theodore (Susan), 10, 201, 299, 323, 439-40, 601; death of husband, 604-606; runaway-horse episode, 194-99 Crane, William H„ 673

928

INDEX Crawford, John, 783-85 Crimean War, 381 Critic, N.Y., 515, 526, 538,549,694 •Croker, Richard, 68a, 724,731 Cromwell, Oliver, 455-59 Crook, George, 635 Crowninshield, Frederic, 736 Cullington, William, 473, 474, 476, 477 Curtis, Cyrus Η. K., 644 •Curtis, George W., 528, 581, 589; Ashfield Academy, 3 1 7 - 1 8 , 3 2 8 , 3 6 5 •Daggett, Rollin M., 307-308, 546, 550 Dahlweiner, Fräulein, 239—40, 242-43 •Daly, John Augustin, 33-34, 77, 96, 130. 1 $1> ! 3 8 ' 1 4°> 188, 193, 466, 472 •Dana, Charles Α., 490-91,511,643 Daniel Slote & Co., 619. See also Slote, Daniel Daniels, Frank, 486-87 Dante Alighieri, 288, 536, 537, 626, 66i Darwin, Charles R., 589, 777 Day, Alice Hooker, 225 Dean, Alexander, 35, 80 Dean, C. J., 80 Dean, Samuel, 66 Dean, William, 80 Defoe, Daniel, 536-37,404 *De Forest, John W., 25, 276,594 De Kay, Charles Α., 119-21 Deland, Margaret, 818 Delmonico's Restaurant, N.Y. 223, 651 798 Denick, Joseph, 459-60 Densmore, Gilbert B., 83-84, 861-63 Depew, Chauncey M., 749, 753 DeVoto, Bernard Α., i n , 123, 442, 466, 794, 818 Dickens, Charles, 112, 224, 225, 424, 437- 595 •Dickinson, Anna, 117, 133-34, 137, 157; WDH's review of What Answer, 166 Dickinson, Emily, 681; WDH's review of Poems, 682 Dixey, Henry E., 459-60 Dodd, Frank H„ 714 Dodd, Mead & Co., N.Y., 714 Dodge, Mary Mapes, 651, 757 Dodge, Richard I., 172-73, 496 Dodge, William E„ 428 Dolby, George, 154 "Dooley, Mr." See Dunne, Finley Peter Doubleday & McClure, N.Y., 805

Doubleday, Frank N., 804,805 Doubleday, Page & Co., N.Y., 805 Douglas, David, 686 Douglas, William L., 678 Douglass, Frederick, 177 D'Oyly Carte Opera Co., 554 Drexel, Anthony J., 594—96 Du Barry, Comtesse (Marie Jeanne B£cu), 2 1 1 Duncan, Charles C., 173, 865-67 •Duneka, Frederick Α., 8oo, 814, 852 •Dunne, Finley Peter ("Mr. Dooley"), 804,805, 828,842 Duveneck, Frank, 87 Dyer, Louis, 813 Eagle Theatre, N.Y. 134 Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris, 657, 673 Eddy, Mary Baker, 7 1 1 , 761, 847, 849. See also "Christian Science" by SLC Edison, Thomas Α., 452, 561, 563, 592 Edison Phonograph Co., N.Y., 580 Edmunds, George F., 509 Edward VI (of England), 291-92 Edwards, Jonathan, 699 Eggleston, Edward, 12,528 Eggleston, George C., 528 Elderkin, John, 93 Eliot, Charles S„ 284 Eliot, George, 500,533, 534 Elzevir family, 162 Emerson, Ralph W., 4, 5, 51, 185, 2 1 2 15, 234,412,855 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 718 Erlanger, Abraham L., 762 Estes & Lauriat, Boston, 318, 524, 526, 572 Euclid Opera House, Cleveland, 868 Euripides, 362 Evarts, William M., 235, 238, 260, 275, 3 " . S3 6 Every Saturday, Boston, 8, 10, 1 1 , 41 •Fairbanks, Mrs. Abel W. (Mary M.), 205, 368,462, 575,581,605, 646 •Fairchild, Charles W., 2 1 1 , 300-301, 370, 379, 405,419, 530, 537 Fairchild, Mrs. Charles W. (Elisabeth Ν ·)> 322. 359-6O, 379,404-405 Farnam, Henry W., 7 3 1 - 3 2 Fawcette, William L., 73, 78 Ferris, James J., 866 Field, R . M„ 486

929

INDEX •Fields, James Τ., 3, 5-8, 125, 133, 225, 299.3 0 1 '3°9' 6 0 7. 735 Fields, Mrs. James Τ . (Annie Α.), 5, 125,3*>8. 607,830 Fifth Avenue Theatre, N.Y., 191, 554 Finch, John B., 259 Fish, Nicholas, 174 Fisher, Henry W., 211 Fiske, Daniel W., 774 Fiske, Mrs. Daniel W., 384 •Fiske, John, 37, 181, 694, 699 Fiske, Minnie Maddern, 463 Flaubert, Gustave, 536 Florence, William J. (Bernard Conlin), 454-55. 459· 463. 465.466,478 Foote, Mary H., 819, 820 Ford, James L., 736 Ford's Theatre, Baltimore, 175 Forrest, Edwin, 91 Fortuny y Carbö, Mariano J., 416 Forum, N.Y., 600-601,686 Fosburgh, Robert S., 728-30 14th Street Theatre, N.Y., 475 Fowler, C. H., 337 Fowler, Frank, 823-24 Francis Joseph I (of Austria), 700-702 Franklin, Benjamin, 180, 729 Franklyn, H. Mortimer, 286 Frechette, Anne Howells, 185, 390, 45354 * Frechette, Antoine Leonard Achille, •85. 389-90,453-54 Frichette, Howells, 453-54 Frechettc, Marie M., 453—54 Frederica Wilhelmina (of Prussia), 211 Frederick II (of Prussia), 211 Free Trade Club, Concord, 519, 524-27, 876-79 Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins, 718, 819 Frelinghuysen, Frederick T., 341, 394 French, Samuel, 762 Friday Evening Club, Hartford, 307 Frohman, Charles, 762 •Frohman, Daniel, 416, 558-65, 569-70, 619-20 Fuller, Henry B„ 650, 718 Fulton, Chandos, 592 Furness, Horace H., 758, 808-10 •Gabrilowitsch, Ossip, 794, 841, 849, 850,853 Galaxy, N.Y., 99 Galdös, Benito Pirez, 650

Garfield, James Α., ιηη, 371, 393; assassination and death, 366-68,370-72, 374, 383, 431; presidential campaign, 267, 314-16, 325,328-32,337 •Garland, Hamlin, 321, 650, 701, 718, 73 6 Gebbie, George, 330-31, 333, 336, 337, 346-50 George, Henry, 623 Gerhardt, Karl, 351-57, 385, 428, 432-34, 498.499.5°i-5°2,543- 544 Gerhardt, Mrs. Karl (Hattie), 351-57, 384-85, 432-34 Germon, Effie, 520 Gibbon, Edward, 210 Gilbert, Sir William S., 370, 409, 506, 554. 636 •Gilder, Richard W., 130, 514, 653, 710, 789, 804,805,840 Gill, William F., 92, 93, 109, 462 •Gillette, William, 217, 234, 432, 463, 654-55 Gilliam, E. W., 573 Gillis, James N., 749 Globe Theatre, Boston, 459, 512, 589 Goethe, Johann W. von, 484 Golden Era, San Francisco, 9, 154, 861 Goldoni, Carlo, 217 •Goodman, Joseph T., 615, 625, 626 Goodrich-Freer, Adela M. ("Miss X"), 709,711 Goodwin, Cheever, 370,460 Goodwin, Nathaniel C., 462, 469-75, 477, 481,520, 521,535, 555 Gorky, Maxim, 805-806 Gosse, Edmund, 234 Gould, Helen M., 692,694 Gould, Jay, 390,624,694 Grand Opera House, Cincinnati, 205 Grant, Frederick, 547, 806 Grant, Jesse, 570 Grant, Percy S„ 839-40 Grant, Ulysses S., 4, 32, 153, 314-16, 339-41. 390, 429, 534-536, 544, 546, 570, 594; Garfield campaign, 267, 328-32, 336-37; WCH's consular appointment, 37». 393-95. 4°2: Memoirs, 519, 52729. 539-43. 545. 549. 573. 594. 644; Reunion of the Army of the Tennessee, 267, 274-75, 278-81, 571, 867-68 Grant, Mrs. Ulysses S., (Julia D.), 529, 573 Gray, Asa, 165,166

930

INDEX •Gray, David, 2 1 , 22, 147-48, 155, 277, 294.33° Creenough, James B., WDH's review of The Queen of Hearts, 1 3 4 - 3 5 Greenslet, Ferris, 829,830 Greet, Sir Ben, 840 Greville, Charles C. F., 62-63 *Griffin, George, 1 0 4 - 1 0 5 , 127, 158, 159, 3 0 5 - 3 0 6 , 3 5 1 , 7 3 3 , 850 Griffin, Sir Lepel H., 600-601 Gronlund, Lawrence, 623 Guiteau, Charles J . , 366, 382-83 Gunter, Archibald C., 462 Habberton, John, 165 •Hale, Edward Everett, 589, 7 1 1 , 796, 797 Hale, Nathan, 543,544 Hall, Frederick J . , 652, 653, 7 1 1 ; Charles L . Webster & Co., 560, 563, 573, 580, 610, 635,644,651 Hamersley, William, 551 Hammond Typewriter, 639,820 Hamon, Louis ("Cheiro"), 757-59 Hampton, James, 734—35 Hancock, Winfield S., 337 Hapgood, Norman, 803-805 Harben, William N., 852, 853 Hardy, Arthur S„ 651, 652 Hardy, Thomas, 434 Harkins, D. H., 76-77, 7g, 82, 83 •Harland, Henry, 602, 736, 755, 756, 761 Harlem Theatre, N.Y., 521 Harmsworth, Alfred C. W . (Viscount Northcliffe), 838, 839 Harper, Joseph Henry, 627, 703 Harper, Joseph Wesley, 538 Harper & Bros., N.Y., 408, 529, 603, 774, 783; bankruptcy, 7 1 3 - 1 5 ; SLC's publisher, 538, 665-66, 702, 710, 715, 717, 7 1 8 , 734, 777, 780, 818; copyright, 271, 3 1 1 ' 336. 397; George Harvey, 7 1 3 , 714, 7 5 1 ; WDH's publisher, 519, 5 3 7 39. 541. 544. 590, 593. 6 8 1 . 684, 724, 777> 799-8OO; Literature, 682, 687 Harper's Bazar, N.Y., 66g, 686, 818, 820, 851,852 Harper's Magazine, N.Y., 24, 241, 244, 406, 654, 800; SLC's contributions, 37>- 377- 459. 642, 652, 668, 674, 678, 7 1 1 , 758, 776, 8 1 3 , 818, 850; WDH's contributions, 519, 528, 538, 569, 626,

661, 669, 680, 686, 689, 695, 743, 756, 775, 815, 855; W D Η as editor, 569, 681, 688, 714; "Editor's Easy Chair," 727, 729- 735· 7 4 1 ' 775· 793· 8 l 3 ; "Editor's Study," 5 1 5 , 519, 538, 545, 552, 569, 579. 5 8 3 . 5 8 4 . 586. 59 6 - 6 1 0 - 1 7 , 6 2 2 . 624-26, 645, 673, 682, 686, 687 Harper's Weekly, N.Y., 678, 686; SLC's contributions, 183, 7 3 1 , 746, 770, 807; WDH's contributions, 538, 664-66, 679, 726, 741, 756, 768, 769, 772, 807, 841 Harriott, Fred, 750-55, 757, 759-61, 766 Harris, George Washington, 718, 873 •Harris, Joel Chandler, 356-57, 397, 5 1 5 , 541 Harrison, J . B., 244 Hart & Rawlinson, Toronto, 201 Harte, Bret, 7, g, 1 1 , 33, 53, 85, 133, 163, 254, 325, 397, 414, 490, 823; Atlantic, 5, 68; Blindfold Novelettes scheme, 135, 158, 160; SLC on his writing and character, 1 1 2 , 185, 186, 192, 226, 235-36, 238, 260-62, 274, 308, 310, 3 2 1 , 326, 327, 396, 477, 618, 619, 774-75, 8 1 1 , 812; consulship, 185, 186, 190, 233—36, 276; Gabriel Conroy, 92, 93, 186; W D H uses as source for Bartley Hubbard, 4 1 2 - 1 3 ; WDH's published accounts of, 139, 140, 7 7 4 76; Keeler's lunch, 3, 7, 8, 735; "Luck of Roaring Camp" dramatized, 416; popularity, 694, 775; Two Men of Sandy Bar, 152, 153, 162. See also Ah Sin by SLC Hartford Courant, 132, 133, 1 5 1 , 220, 295, 3 6 3> 429. 502, 514· 525. 6 l 6 > 753. 864, 871; SLC's history game, 438, 440; SLC's letter about the Jonas Smith, 204; SLC's " T h e Postal Order Business," 284, 285; reviews: A Connecticut Yankee, 6 2 2 — A Counterfeit Presentment, 216, 217 — WDH's lecture on Gibbon, 2 1 0 — musical comedy Huckleberry Finn, 521 — Yorick's Love, 292 Hartford Opera House, 217, 871 Hartford Post, 514, 862 Hartford Times, 208,209,515 Harvard. Illustrated Magazine, Cambridge, 739 Harvard University, 125, 134, 166, 2 1 4 , 500, 5 1 3 , 585, 603, 739; Harvard Memorial Hall, 37

9 3 1

INDEX Hill, Noble S., 409 Hobby, Josephine S., 828, 833, 844-46 Hoffman, Charles, 835 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 4, 11, 53, 9 2 94, 125, 160, 371, 454, 589, 813, 855; Atlantic breakfast, 267, 276, 280-86, 398; SLC's plagiarism of introduction, 283-84; copyright, 99; popularity, 694; spiritualism, 288-89; tribute to SLC, 549; Whittier Birthday Dinner, 2 1 2 - 1 5 , 217 Homer, 105 Hooker, John, 16, 69

*Harvey, George, 751, 752, 789, 804, 805, 825, 836, 838, 839, 842; SLC's "Chapters from My Autobiography," 8 1 7 18; dinners for SLC and WDH, 753, 798-99, 828; manager of Harper & Bros., 713, 714, 718, 779, 780 Harvey, Mrs. George (Alma P.), 827 Hastings, Warren, 731 •Hawley, Joseph R., 133, 277-78, 414, 501, 502, 598, 864-65 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 289, 382, 534, 781, 827, 846 Hawthorne, Rose, 37 •Hay, J o h n M., 205, 233, 277, 309-11, 378, 392, 414, 416, 425, 4 3 1 - 3 3 . 793; comments on: "Old Times on the Mississippi," 55-56 — 1 6 0 1 , 2 7 1 - 7 2 — " A T r u e Story," 23 — Yorick's Love, 868-69; editor of N.Y. Tribune, 345, 373- 374. 515: political career, 272, 274-76, 3 1 1 , 324, 325, 328-29, 374 Hay, Mrs. John (Clara S.), 431—32 Hay, Rosina, 171, 195-99, *»9. 228, 233, 306,461,502 Hayes, Birchard Α., igo Hayes, Rutherford B.: campaign, 117, 142, 143, 145-46, 148-49, 158, 413, 864-65; election, 162-63, 172; presidency, 174-77, 187, 203, 204, 251, 262, 263, 290, 295, 296, 308, 3 1 0 - 1 1 , 315, 327, 367 — consular appointments, 153~55> 174· 185-86, 190, 235, 238, 260, 262,276, 371 Hayes, Webb C., 185, 190, 634, 635 Haymarket Riots, 581, 599,631 Hearth and Home,ti.\., 11 Hearst, William R „ 660 Heine, Heinrich, 773 Heinemann & Balestier, London, 640-42 Hendricks, Thomas Α., 143 Henry Bill Publishing Co., 572, 573 Henry, Charles S., 120 •Henschel, Sir George, 409, 423, 485, 486,506 Herkomer, Sir Hubert von, 414 Heme, James Α.: Colonel Sellers as a Scientist, 628-31; Margaret Fleming, 644 — WDH's review, 645; The Rise of Silas Lapham, 673-74 Herne, Mrs. James Α., 645 Hesse, Fanny C., 164, 625,626 •Higginson, Thomas W „ 309, 3 1 1 , 589, 830,831

Hooker, Mrs. John (Isabella Beecher), 225,678 Houghton Mifflin & Co., Boston, 780 •Houghton, Henry O.: Atlantic Monthly, 26. 53' 9 1 ' 201, 213, 214, 236, 301, 331, 347; SLC's publisher, 131, 142, 225, 226; WDH's publisher, 104, 142, 145, 181, 349, 40g, 553; Whittier Birthday Dinner, 2 1 3 - 1 5 Houghton, Osgood & Co., Boston, 267, 285, 345- 347. 485 •House, Edward H., 329, 331, 350, 384, 389, 440; Colonel Sellers as a Scientist, 592; described, 330; The Prince and the Pauper, 620, 632, 633, 874-76; Whitelaw Reid, 374, 391 House, Koto, 330,384, 389 Howe, Edgar W., The Story of a Country Town, 491, 492 Howe, Julia Ward, 284,589 Howe, Mark Antony De Wolfe, 523 Howe, W. DeLancey, 585 HowelJ., C. C„ 594 Howells & Stokes, 839 Howells, Anne, See Frichette, Anne Howells Howells, Aurelia, 726, 729,774, 814 Howells, Elinor Mead: admiration for SLC's works, 42, 52, 98, 165, 293, 584, 585, 668, 707; death, 854; dependence on WDH, 607, 839, 846; described, 71, 225, 323, 328, 658-59; health, 141, 289, 321-24, 361, 616, 667, 793, 848; pleasure in SLC's visits, 16566; meets OLC, 68-69; meets SLC, 41; political attitudes, 579, 628, 673; travels, 667, 668, 780-81, 784, 786-88, 795 Howells, Henry, 290, 315—16 Howells, J o h n Mead ("Bua"), 277, 348,

932

INDEX 470, 676-77, 718, 728, 729, 743, 744, 754, 760, 761, 773, 786, 787, 795, 821, 859; admiration for SLC's works, 386, 679, 707, 831, 880; architectural career, 672, 673, 680, 685, 688, 701; childhood, 18, 39, 66, 105, 117, 125-27, 133, 146, 147, 282, 283, 414, 415; designer of Stormfield, 127, 817-19, 83033, 838, 839; health, 347, 460, 461, 463-66; travels, 656, 657, 659, 780, 786, 788, 826 Howells, Joseph, 391, 433, 848, 849, 850 Howells, Joseph Α., Jr., 391, 392 Howells, Mildred ("Pilla"), 348, 449, 45°. 452. 526. 547-5°' 555- 67. 672, 681, 682, 744, 786, 809-10, 832, 834, 837, 839, 842, 846, 848, 849; admiration for SLC's works, 386, 707; "At the Wind's Will," 800, 801; childhood, 66, 125, 490; designs a whist calendar, 740; health, 347, 532, 795, 829, 850; travels, 740, 780, 784, 788, 801, 826, 847, 852, 853 Howells, Stokes & Hornbostel, 680, 682 Howells, Victoria M., 574 Howells, William Cooper, 314, 371, 433, 442, 653, 868; consulships, 18, 371, 393-95. 402; death, 650, 659, 802; grape shears, 437, 438, 448, 455, 464, 477, 484; letters from WDH, 37, 57, 61, 70, 88, 127, 163, 174, 210, 247, 301, 303. 33°. 379-8°. 448. 455. 485. 55°. 581, 591, 618, 619, 628; visits from WDH, 102, 268, 276, 403, 410, 443, 446, 612, 634 Howells, William Dean: Christian religion, 88, 238, 614, 639, 651, 707; consular appointments, 3, 173, 174, 239, 350; death, 855; Eggleston's sketch of his life, 12; health, 66, 148, 315-16, 345, 362, 379-83. 385. 391. 4'3> 498, 579. 6 58-59. 7 1 2 - i 3 · 725. 726, 773, 78°. 805, 822-24, 826, 840, 847; honorary degrees, 724, 730-32, 788, 793, 840, 851; importance appraised by SLC, 109, 407-408, 613, 661, 710, 769, 802, 8 1 3 14; income and financial affairs, 3. !9- 57. θ 1 · ' 5 6 . 18s, 268, 329, 345, 347-49. 361, 3 6 3. 373. 4 ° 6 · 4°9> 413. 486, 492-94, 537-38, 54°. 541. 543546. 547. 564- 565. 57°. 584. 7 1 3 _ 1 4> 768, 868; lectures and readings, 210, 278. 499. 5'9> 527. 528, 53°. 532. 589.

668, 669, 672, 673, 700, 701, 703, 707708, 710, 7 1 2 - 1 5 , 753, 798-99, 828, 8 3 1 — S L C ' s comments, 173, 407, 527, 756; literary criticism, 650, 853 — of his work, 526, 552, 589, 640, 815-16 — of poetry, 338, 489, 869 — of prose, 65, 121, 161, 234, 314, 378, 385, 404, 46970, 488, 489, 491, 492, 534, 536-37, 545- 552, 569, 644, 673, 701, 702, 714, 748-50, 754, 808, 813-14, 869, SLC's prose, 345-46, 441-42, 581-82, 626, 627, 650, 668, 672, 674, 677, 679, 701, 703, 708, 816, 851 (see also works by SLC) — realism, 247, 552, 579, 650, 665-66, 808, 852 (see also criticism of works under individual writers); mental telegraphy, 373, 767, 768; propriety: in published matter, 24, 52, 118, 12325, 129, 165, 179-80, 207, 251, 442, 680, 702, 748-50, 803, 820, 863, 869, 874 — social decorum, 6, 2 1 2 - 1 5 , 217, 267, 271-72, 308, 310, 375-76, 402-403, 472, 806; residences, 13, 171-72, 181, 182, 232-34. 259- 3 ° i . 413. 423. 437. 492. 494. 495, 499, 500, 579-80, 623-24, 681-82, 688, 728, 741, 748, 821, 834, 858; social criticism, 155, 156, 581, 650-51, 627, 682, 728-30, 769 — capitalism, 579. 599. 622-23, 631, 850 — Haymarket Riots, 579-81, 597, 599, 631 — imperialism, 673, 679, 680, 682, 714, 715, 723-29, 762 — monarchies and republics, 378, 613, 626-27, 714 (see also candidates for political office); syndicated novels scheme, 717—18; travels and comments on: national characteristics, 415-16, 425, 659, 784, 847 — E n g l a n d , 434, 437-38, 780-81, 830, 834 — I t a l y , 425, 430, 795, 829-30 — trips to Europe, 345, 403, 410, 4 1 1 , 413-16, 423, 649, 667, 668, 780, 786, 793; writing habits, 6i, 120-21, 124, 247. 374. 484. 485. 526, 527, 535-36, 680-81, 687 — dictation, 681, 780 — handwriting, 441 — typewriter, 52, 88, 90, 106, 109, 181-84, 44 1 . 449- 45°. 639, 680-81, 714, 715, 820 (see also Atlantic Monthly, Cosmopolitan, Harper's Magazine) Howells, Winifred, 66, 127, 209, 216, 217, 241, 242, 277, 301, 314, 316, 317, 322, 356, 357, 401; SLC praises her writing, 75, 164; death, 579, 603-604,

933

INDEX 650, 661-62, 664, 669, 681; described by WDH, 604, 667; health, 315, 345, 347' 348. 35°. 357' 362> Β 66 "" 68 · 37°. 373- 375. 376- 379. 3 8 °. 426. 430, 431, 540, 551, 603-604; The Prince and the Pauper, 383-84, 386; Venice, 430, 431 Howland, D. W., 522, 523 Hoyt, Charles H., A Rag Baby, 486, 487 Hunt, William M., 523 Hunter, Sir William Wilson, 728, 729 Hurd & Houghton, Boston, 149 •Hutton, Laurence, 413, 414, 654, 701, 708 Hyde, James H., 749 Ibsen, Henrick, 650, 793 Ideal Opera Co., Boston, 409, 485 Independent, N.Y., 228 Indians (American), 172, 496-97, * Ingersoll, Robert G., 255, 259, 279, 281 Investigator, Boston, 296 Irish Immigrants, 37-40, 72, 326 Irving, Sir Henry, 463, 512-13, 642, Issaverdenz, Giacomo, 241, 244, 250

635 267, 322, 654

Jackson, Andrew, 865 James, Henry, 160, 414, 490, 492, 498, 526, 604, 640, 718, 793, 798, 819, 820; SLC's opinions, 160-61, 534; composing by dictation, 681; as dramatist, 463, 650; on European society, 784; WDH's critical support, 161, 404, 534; letters from WDH, 13, 441, 500, 505, 508; meets SLC, 789; "new deal," 161; popularity, 694; sources, 87, 659 James, William, 492, 659, 723, 789 James R. Osgood & Co., Boston, 8, 10, 53, 92-94, 162, 211, 529. See also Osgood, James R. Janauschek, Francesca, 362 Janvier, Thomas Α., 6o2, 736, 818 Jeanne D'Arc: Maid of Orleans, 710 Jefferson, Joseph, 81,217, 463, 654 Jefferson, Thomas, 729 Jessop, George H., 462 Jewell, Marshall, 427-29 Jewett, Frank, 209 Jewett, Sara, 463 Jews, 235, 555, 560, 847

Joan of Arc, 161, 708-11. See also Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc by SLC Johnson, Merle, 272 Johnson, Robert U., 541-42 Johnson, Samuel, 767 Johnston, Richard M., 602 Johnstown flood, 607, 608 Jones, Arthur, 645 Jones, John P., 223, 626 Jordan, Elizabeth, 818-20 Kaolatype, 468, 584-86 Keats, John, 734 *Keeler, Ralph, 3, 7-8, 40, 41, 735 Kellgren, Henrick, 706, 708 •Kellogg, Clara Louise, 90, 91, 94, 104, 105, 158 Kemble, Fanny, 113 Kendall, W. Α., g, 235 Kennedy, J . Walter, 34 Kenton, Simon, 355 Keokuk Constitution, 258 Kester, Paul, 673, 761-62 Kester, Vaughan, 762 Key, David M., 285 Khayyam, Omar, 164 Kidder, Kathryn, 570 Kimball, John C., 599 *King, Clarence, 82, 414, 416, 425 Kipling, Rudyard, 542, 640, 651, 68889, 692, 709 Kirby, Thomas B „ 285 Klaw and Erlanger, N.Y., 521, 762 Kravchinski, Sergei M. ("S. M. Stepniak"), 579, 643 Labor unions, 579, 597-600 Ladies Home Journal, Philadelphia, 644, 657 *Laffan, William Mackay, 288, 340, 414, 510, 5 1 1 , 653 Laffan, Mrs. William Mackay, 657-58 Lamb, Charles, 42, 44, 396 Lampton, James, 82, 870 Lampton, Samuel, 869 Lang, Andrew, 588 Langdon, Amos, 204 Langdon, Charles J., 194-95, 197-98, 223, 575 Langdon, Ida, 195-98, 299 Langdon, Jervis, 225, 238-39, 604 Langdon, Mrs. Jervis (Olivia L.), 53,

934

INDEX 67, 122, 183-84, 194-99, 448, 574-76, 633-34 Langdon, Jervis, Jr., 195-97 Langdon, John, 27 Langdon, Julia, 195-99 Langdon, Mary, 204 Lanier, Henry W., 804, 805 •Lathrop, George P., 186, 188, 528, 530, 590 Lawrence, Eweretta, 768 *Leary, Katy, 661, 785 •Leathers, Jesse Μ., 301-303, 307308, 358-60, 444, 583, 587, 588, 86^-71 Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 141-42 Leo X I I I (Pope), 546, 572, 573 Le Row, Caroline B„ 585, 587 Le Sage, Alain R., 91 Leschetizky, Theodor, 669, 698 Leslie, Elsie, 619 Lewis, James, 462, 466, 469, 471-72 •Lewis, John T., 144, 195-99, 202, 299, 305 Lexington Centennial (1875), 72-77, 79, 87, 102, 402, 730, 865 Li Hung-chang, 340-41 Life, N.Y., 515, 548 Lincoln, Abraham, 142, 154, 498, 729, 855 Literary News, N.Y., 582 Literature, N.Y., 674, 677, 682, 686-88, 691-94, 696, 699 Little, J . J . & Co., N.Y., 498 Lloyd, David D„ 475, 481 Lloyd, Henry D., 643 Logan, John Α., 281, 570-72 London Daily Chronicle, 701 London Daily News, 164 London Times, 716, 838 Longfellow, Alice, 37 Longfellow, Ernest, 125, 398 Longfellow, Henry W., 104, 125, 13435. 174. 371. 424. 488; copyright, 9 g, 106; Dante, 288, 661; death, 398; WDH's respect, 4, 185, 793, 813, 855; Memorial Fund, 589—90; Whittier Birthday Dinner, 212—15, 217; writings, 70, 71, 534 Loomis, Mrs. Edward E., (Julie L.), 800, 850 Lome, Marquis of ( John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, Duke of Argyll), 439, 441

Lothrop Publishing Co., Boston, 751, 753·759 Lotos Club, N.Y., 555, 560, 653, 723 Louise, Princess (daughter of Queen Victoria), 439, 441 Lounsbury, Η. Α., 835, 838 Low, Seth, 731 Lowell, James R., 37, 156, 160, 174, 217, 365, 371, 589, 626, 846; consular appointment, 235, 238, 276; copyright, 99, 100, 106, 336, 397, 598; WDH's respect, 4, 813, 855; Letters, 244, 843, 846; popularity, 6g4 Lowentraut, Peter, 438, 484 Lyceum Theatre, N.Y., 558, 559, 562, 5 6 3- 565. 5 6 9. 57° •Lyon, Isabel V., 773, 774, 778, 780, 787, 789, 7g7, 800, 807-809, 8 1 1 - 1 2 , 814, 817, 821,826, 833, 835, 838-43 Mabie, Hamilton W., 672, 673, 753, 840 •McAleer, Patrick, 89-90, 184, 219, 286, 316, 352, 450, 465, 466; SLC at his funeral, 801-802 Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 334 •McClure, Samuel S., 511, 718, 804, 805, 808 McClure Syndicate, N.Y., 635, 644, 805 McClure's Magazine, N.Y., 805 McCullough, John, 467 McCutcheon, John T., 832 Mackay, John W., 550, 551 MacKaye, Steele, 412 McKelway, St. Clair, 753 McKim, Mead, & White, 233 McKinley, William, 715, 726 "Maclaren, Ian" (John Watson), 700, 701, 703 McLaughlin (Clara Clemens's wet nurse), 72, 76 McLean, Sarah P., 769 MacVeagh, Wayne, 753, 796, 797 McVicker's Theatre, Chicago, 571 Madison Square Theatre, N.Y., 416, 528; Colonel Sellers as a Scientist, 411, 412, 414, 423, 442, 444; A Foregone Conclusion, 77, 619. See also Mallory, George S. and Marshall H. Maginnis, Mabel, 788 Mallory, George S. and Marshall H. (proprietors of the Madison Square Theatre), 491; Colonel Sellers as a Scientist, 411, 412, 414, 415, 423, 429-

935

INDEX 32, 442, 444, 464-65, 467-78, 480, 481, 555; A Foregone Conclusion, 508, 619; The Prince and the Pauper, 479, 485 Malory, Sir Thomas, 519, 551 Marat, Jean P., 595 Mark Twain. See Clemens, Samuel Langhorne Marsh, Mrs. Hamilton, 657-58 Marsh, May, 471 •Matthews, James Brander, 416, 655, 718, 740; introduction to SLC's collected works, 682, 694, 699, 703 Mayo, Frank, 562, 563, 570 Mead, Larkin G., 37, 250-51, 260 Mead, William R., 233-34, 260, 262 Medary, Samuel, 498 Melville, Herman, 781 Mendelssohn Hall, N.Y., 846 Mergenthaler typesetter, 580 Metcalf, Lorettus D., 600-601 Metropolitan Club, N.Y., 753 Metropolitan Opera House, N.Y., 827 Miller, Joaquin, 60, 89 •Millet, Francis D., 164-65, 424, 594, 595' 736> 803, 826 Milton, John, 254, 839, 840 "Miss X " (Adela M. Goodrich-Freer), 709, 711 Mitchell, Laura, 190 •Mitchell, Silas Weir, 367-68, 604, 694 Mitre Tavern, Oxford, 413 Moffett, Annie, 10, 874 Moffett, Pamela C., 22, 34, 50, 393, 568, 660, 796 Moffett, Samuel E„ 660, 828 Monday Evening Club, Hartford, 124, 420, 378, 728; SLC's addresses, 123, 125, 581, 597-98, 693; described, 11920 Monson Academy, Monson, Mass., 382 Moore, Frank, 131 Moore, Thomas, 90 Moretti's Restaurant, N.Y., 602, 736, 738. 755. 7 6 ' Morgan, E. D., 502 Morgan, John P., 714 Morrison Education Society School, Macao, 382 Morse, Edward S., 37 Mulock, Dinah Maria, 678 Munro, David, 804, 805 Murfree, Mary N. ("Charles E. Craddock"), 531, 532, 718

Murray, T . Douglas, 708-11 Music Hall, Boston, 148 Mutual Publishing Co., Hartford, 590, 591 Napoleon III (of France), 872 Nast, Thomas, 100, 102 Nation, N.Y., 492, 514 National Academy of Design, 355 National Anti-Vivisection Society, 777 National Institute of Arts and Letters, 688

National Theatre, Washington, D.C., »75. 177 Nautilus Club, Boston, 68 Negroes, 85, 255, 261, 832; SLC's sympathy, 244, 356-57, 509-10, 573; excursion of the Jonas Smith, 203—204; at Quarry Farm, 195-99; " A True Story," 22-26. See also Douglass, Frederick; Griffin, George; Lewis, John T.; Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by SLC Neider, Charles, 818 Neues Wiener Abendblatt, 692 New England Phonograph Co., Boston, 637. 639 New York Daily Graphic, 45, 515 New York Evening Post, 254, 514, 600, 601 New York Herald, 164, 194, 247, 390, 570. 657 New York Journal, 660 New York Stationers' Board of Trade, 585. 587 New York Sun, 110, 288, 511, 514, 643, 779; reviews Ah Sin, 194; dramatization of Gilded Age, 862; solicits articles from SLC and WDH, 490-91 New York Times, 104, 105, 151, 320, 823; SLC's Howells letter prank, 827; Bret Harte's stories, 254; interviews SLC about Captain Duncan, 866-67; Longfellow Centenary issue, 589; "Mark Twain in White Amuses Congressmen," 822; prints Fowler's interview of Grant, 337; reviews Ah Sin, 194 New York Tribune, 23, 105, 119, 224, 330; "attacks" SLC, 386-91; WDH's letter about Haymarket Riots, 581; WDH's review of The Prince and the Pauper, 345, 373-74, 377-78, 515; Mer-

9BÖ

INDEX genthaler typesetter, 580; Charles Reade's letters on copyright, 98; reviews Ah Sin, 194; reviews Innocents Abroad and Roughing It, n ; unauthorized printing of Holmes's poem, 92-94 New York World, 514, 527; SLC's Concord Free T r a d e Club letter, 526; SLC's letter attacking Captain Duncan, 865-66; reviews Ah Sin, 192, 194; solicits interview from SLC, 646 Newcomb, Ethel, 841 Nichols, Frank Α., 524, 526, 877-78 Nicholson, John, 729 Nineteenth Century, London, 601 Nook Farm, Hartford, 9, 69, 502, 547, 678; described by W D H , 16 Norris, Frank, 650, 755, 756 North American Review, Boston and New York, 572, 805; SLC's contributions, 726, 730, 755, 794, 817, 818, 825; W D H ' s contributions, 703, 727, 741. 753- 755- 756, 779- 780, 793. 852 •Norton, Charles E„ 449, 768; Ashfield Academy, 3 1 7 - 1 8 , 328, 364-65, 367, 4 1 0 - 1 2 ; Authors' Reading for Longfellow Memorial, 589, 590; Whittier Birthday Dinner, 213, 214, 217 Norton, Joshua A. ("Emperor"), 326, 328 Notre Dame University, 333 Noyes, Horatio S„ 174 Nunnally, Frances, 840 Ober's Restaurant, Boston, 3, 8 Old and New, Boston, 296 Olympic Theatre, St. Louis, 33 Omar Khayyam, 164 Onslow, William H . (Earl), 437, 439, 441 O'Reilly, J o h n B., 419, 528 O'Reilly, Bernard, 573 Orton, Arthur, 870 Ohashi, Hydesaburo, 739 •Osgood, James R., 14, 15, 22, 37, 42, 46, 68, 109, 202, 233, 288, 309, 326, 328, s s o - ä 1 · 333. 3 6 6 · 368. 372. 385. 387. 3 8 9. 392. 4o6, 413, 414, 416, 419, 434, 447, 508, 543; business failure, 519, 527-30, 532, 533, 537; SLC's publisher, 8, 66, 92, 93, 208, 339, 345, 348-50, 360-63, 373, 376, 379-32, 392-93, 3 9 7 400, 415, 418, 423, 433, 441, 460, 468,

469, 471, 510, 538, 666, 869, 875; W D H ' s publisher, 8, 66, 92, 93, 172, 210. 345· 347-49. 362> 485. 490. 492. 506; Leathers's autobiography, 35859; Mississippi River trip with SLC, 395, 402, 403, 452. See also James R . Osgood & Co.; Houghton, Osgood & Co. Outlook, N.Y., 673 Overland Monthly, San Francisco, 235 Oxford University, 413, 710, 724, 788, 793, 826, 851 Page, T h o m a s N., 602 Page, Walter H., 672, 673 Paige, James W., 551, 615. See also Paige typesetter Paige typesetter, 468, 496-97. 5 ' 9 · 598> 601, 624; SLC's confidence, 611, 6 1 5 16; expenses and delays, 550, 551, 579, 580, 625, 626, 632, 638, 644, 652, 653; failure, 649, 650, 659 •Paine, Albert B., 133, 174, 313, 777, 794, 828, 833, 850, 851; borrows SLC's letters to W D H , 76, 245, 424, 828-30; SLC's death, 853, 854 Paine, J o h n K„ 87 Pall Mall Gazette, London, 98, 388 Palmer House, Chicago, 571, 867 Park Theatre, N.Y., 27, 340, 862, 869 Parker, Edwin Pond, 86 Parker House, Boston, 15, 51, 53, 56, 57, >33. 136-37. l 6 6 · 210 Parkman, Francis, 284 Parsloe, Charles T., 177,180-81,194,206 Parton, James, 5 Pears, Muriel, 737-39 Peck, George Wilbur, 476, 477 Pedro II (of Brazil), 622 Pennell, Joseph, 484 Pepys, Samuel, 12, 491 Pörez Galdös, Benito, 650 Perkins, Charles E., 68, 69, 71, 120, 253, 258 Perkins, T h o m a s C., 109, 287 Perkins, Mrs. Thomas C. (Mary Beecher), 108, 109, 286, 287 Perry, Bliss, 769 •Perry, T h o m a s S., 491, 492, 777, 798; Library of Universal Adventure, 59091; praises Innocents Abroad, 603; reviews Huckleberry Finn, 515; "William Dean Howells," 404

937

INDEX Pfaff's Restaurant, N.Y., 330 Phelps, Elizabeth S., 371 Phelps, Roswell, 393, 396, 406, 417, 420, 429. 432 Philadelphia Centennial (1876), 1 4 1 42 Pinero, Sir Arthur W., 629 Pixley, Frank M., 219 Plasmon, 710, 723, 736-37, 843 Poe, Edgar Allan, 93, 841 Poel, William, 619 •Pond, James B., 528, 643; SLC's lecture agent, 502, 574, 660, 701; WDH's lecture agent, 530, 668, 669, 700, 701, 703, 704, 713, 715 Pope, Charles P., 19-24, 33, 35 Porter, Noah, 341 Potter, Edward T . , 86, 772 Potter, Henry C., 772 Powderley, Terence V., 600 Pratt & Whitney, Hartford, 351, 580 Prisoner's Friend Societies, 321 Publishers' Weekly, N.Y., 572 Puck, N.Y., 548 Putnam, George H., 804, 805 Putnam, G. P. & Sons, N.Y., 805 Putnam, James J., 368 Putnam Phalanx, Hartford, 542 Pyle, Howard, 640 Quaker City excursion, 90, 242, 865-66 Quarry Farm, Elmira, 10, 182, 206, 269, 299, 498, 501-502, 660, 773; SLC describes sunset, 143-44; SLC praises, 183; hexagonal study, 25; runawayhorse episode, 194-99 Rabelais, Francois, 388 Radical Club, Boston, 37, 41 Ransford, Edwin, 686 •Raymond, John T „ 461-63, 474-75, 481, 630; SLC criticizes, 83, 618, 619; Colonel Sellers, 20, 21, 32, 58, 81, 159, 183, 409, 462, 467, 472, 473, 655, 8 6 1 62; Colonel Sellers as a Scientist, 372-73, 423, 448, 449, 453, 454, 461, 462, 464, 469, 476, 477, 479, 480-84, 487. 495. 5°3~5° 8 ' 555-57; death, 592; dislikes Ah Sin, 194; WDH's review of Colonel Sellers, 80-84 Reade, Charles, 97-98 Record of the Year, N.Y., 1 3 1

Red Ribbon Reform Clubs, 255, 2 5 8 59 *Redpath, James, 14, 15, 36, 100, 101, 134, 148, 166 Reed, Thomas B., 753 Rehan, Ada, 4 7 1 - 7 2 •Reid, Whitelaw, 92-94, 224, 374, 3 8 5 91, 869 Review of Reviews, N.Y., 805 Reynolds, Henry Α., 258 Rhodes, Cecil J., 666, 715 Rice, Edward E„ 370, 460 Richardson, Abby S., 618-20, 632 Richter, Edward C., 762, 763 Riggs, John M„ 496 Riley, James Whitcomb, 706 Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., 45, 826 Roberts, Frederick S., 709 Roberts Opera House, Hartford, 467 Robinson, Henry C., 377, 378, 871 Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 735 •Rogers, Henry H., 671, 738, 747, 758, 773, 820, 845; directs SLC's financial affairs, 650, 659, 687; negotiates contract with Harper & Bros, for SLC, 538, 666, 717, 718; philanthropies, 734 Rogers, Mary Benjamin, 821 Rogers, William K„ 174, 176, 187 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 161 Roosevelt, Theodore, 682, 742—43, 798 Root, Elihu, 823, 866 Rose-Belford's Canadian Monthly and National Review, Toronto, 202 Rothschild, Lionel W., 425, 426 Routledge, G. & Sons, London, 332 Rugby (school), Warwickshire, 710 Russell, Charles (Russell of Killowen), 709, 7 1 1 Russell, Sol Smith, 187-88, 200-201, 654 Russo-Turkish War (1877-78), 164, 227-28 •Sage, Dean, 75, 1 3 8 - 4 1 , 163, 849 St. Botolph Club, Boston, 454 Saint Gaudens, Augustus, 501-503 St. James Gazette, London, 603 St. Louis Democrat, 45, 295-96 St. Louis Republican, 33 Saint-Simon, Louis, 595 Salt Lake City Tribune, ιζ Salter, William M., 599 Salvini, Alessandro, 77, 619, 6ai, 645

938

INDEX Salvini, Tomasso, 34 San Francisco Alta California, 325, 328 San Francisco Call, 325-26, 328 San Francisco Chronicle, 235, 861 San Francisco Examiner, 660 Saturday Morning Club, Hartford, 210, 278. 597 Schlesinger, Siegmund, 671 Schloss-Hotel, Heidelberg, 2 2 9 - 3 1 Schneider, George, 174 Schönthan, Franz von, 466 Schurz, Carl, 511, 807 Scientific American, N.Y., 592 Scott, F. M., 560, 563, 580 Scott, Sir Walter, 21, 23, 595, 723 Scribner, Charles, 635 Scribner's Magazine, N.Y., 5 1 5 , 653, 674, 805 Scribner's Monthly, N.Y., 24, 92, 93, 287, 361, 362 Scudder, Horace Ε., 350, 66ο Seaver, William Α., 244 Seelye, Anthony, 341 Shakers, 96, 139-40, 142 Shakespeare, William, 13, 234, 497, 499, 507, 668, 674; SLC's burlesque of Hamlet, 369, 370; The Tempest, 127 Shaw, Albert, 804, 805 Shepard, Augustus D., 80, 222, 404, 554 Sheridan, Philip H., 280 Sherman, J o h n , 204 Sherman, William T „ 280, 389 Skrine, Francis H., The Life of Sir William Wilson Hunter, 728, 729, 741 Slee, J . D. F., 223 Slote, Daniel, 89, 90, 584, 618, 619 Slote, Woodman 8c Co., N.Y., 90 Smith, Charles, 306 Smith, Ε . M., 239 *Smith, Francis Hopkinson, 339, 340, 528, 7 1 8 Smith, Judson, 730 Smith, W . H., 5 7 1 Smith College, 700 Sniffen, Matthew K., 762 Socrates, 676 Somerset Club, Boston, 4 1 9 Sophia Wilhelmina (of Prussia), 181 Sothern, Edward Α., 8i Soul6, Frank, 3 2 5 - 2 7 , 3 3 2 - 3 3 , 337~3 8 Spanish-American War (1898), 673, 694, 714, 715, 723-24, 7 2 6 - 2 7 Spaulding, Clara, 306, 3 1 7 , 3 5 1 , 3 5 3 - 5 5 ,

399, 402; accompanies Clemenses to Europe (in 1878-79), 1 7 1 , 219, 230, 237, 240, 241, 259; praises Silas Lapham, 524, 525 Spencer, Herbert, 4 1 9 Springfield Republican, 1 1 3 , 535 Stanley, Arthur P., 238, 8 1 1 Stanley, Sir Henry M., 574-76, 852-53 Stanley, Mrs. Henry M. (Dorothy Τ . ) , 853 Star Theatre, N.Y., 520 •Stedman, Edmund C., 528, 616, 725, 772, 824; A Connecticut Yankee, 609, 610, 612, 614, 619, 620 Stedman, S. O., 2 0 9 - 1 0 "Stepniak, Sergei M." (S. M. Kravchinski), 579; WDH's review of The Russian Peasant, 643 Sterne, Laurence, Sentimental Journey, Tristram Shandy, 852 Stewart, Alexander T . , 246-47, 397 Stewart, H. L., 390 Stockton, Frank R., 694, 7 1 8 •Stoddard, Charles W., 12, 68, 133, 235, 276, 326, 378-79, 646, 763-64, 870; contributor to Atlantic, 3 2 - 3 3 ; described, 1 5 3 - 5 5 , 333·' dispute with Fred Harriott, 7 5 0 - 5 5 , 757, 7 5 9 - 6 1 , 766; Exits and Entrances, 751; San Marco piece, 65; South Sea Idyls, 33, 701, 702 Stoddard, J o h n L., 426, 429 Stoddard, Richard H., 93, 528 Stoker, Bram, 5 1 2 - 1 3 , 641, 642 Stoker, Dick, 749 Stokes, Anson Phelps, 732 Stokes, X. N. Phelps, 673 Stone, Amasa, 433 Storey, Moorfield, 365 Storrs, Emery Α., 281 Stotts, Ann, 17 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 16, 109,424 Strong, Florence Jewell, 428 Studly, S. L., 409 Sturges, Jonathan, 659 Subscription publishing, 617, 618, 683; considered disreputable, 4, 5 1 4 - 1 5 ; Grant's Memoirs, 529, 540, 5 7 2 - 7 3 ; W D H considers, 484-85, 5 9 0 - 9 1 ; sales procedure, 62, 132, 879 Sullivan, Sir Arthur S. See Gilbert, Sir William S. Suyman, W . B., 725

939

INDEX Swedenborg, Emanuel, Heaven Hell, 639-41, 651 Swinburne, Algernon C., 498 Szczepanik, Jan, 677

and

Taft, Charles Phelps, 730 Taine, Hippolyte Α., 595 Talmage, Thomas De Witt, 427, 429 Tamayo y Baus, Manuel, 267, 292, 868 Tammany Hall, 682, 724, 731, 772 •Tauchnitz, Christian Bernhard von, 268-69, 294, 640, 641; honorable dealings with authors, 262, 329 Tavern Club, Boston, 454, 523, 527, 574 •Taylor, Bayard, 227, 246-47, 484; appointed U.S. Minister to Germany, 221, 235, 238, 262; farewell banquet (1878), 223, 224, 231 Taylor, George H., 322-24 Taylor, Howard P., 628,629, 632 Taylor, Isaac, 606 Temple Bar, London, 60, 147, 160, 181, 191. '93 Tennyson, Alfred (Lord), 424, 654 Thackeray, William M., 396, 437, 643 Thayer, Abbott H., 404 Third Avenue Theatre, N.Y., 521 Thomas, Augustus, 736, 804 Thoreau, Henry D., 138 Thurston, Katherine C., The Masquerader, 820 Tibbe, Henry, 859 Tichborne, Sir Roger C., 870 Ticknor, Benjamin H., 492, 506, 533, 537 Ticknor, George, 200, 202 Ticknor & Fields, Boston, 6, 678 Tilden, Samuel J., 142, 155, 413; Orion Clemens's support, 154, 158, 253; SLC's opposition, 143, 151, 162—63, 172 Tile Club, N.Y., 288, 289, 339, 340, 406 Tilton, Theodore, 101-102, 228 Tilton, Mrs. Theodore (Elizabeth), 102, 227, 228 Titus, George F., 729-30 Tolstoy, Leo, 643, 692; WDH's admiration, 536, 579, 596-97, 623, 631, 650, 651, 793, 813 Tompkins, Eugene, 409,486, 487 Tony Pastor's Theatre, N.Y., 487 Tower, Charlemagne, 696, 699 Townsend, Belton O'Neall, 488, 489 Train, George Francis, 176, 187

Train Ligue, 176 Tremont House, Chicago, 867 Tremont Temple, Boston, 574 Tremont Theatre, Boston, 619, 621 •Trowbridge, John T., 135, 160, 831 Truax, Charles H„ 655 Trumbull, Annie E., 652-53 Trumbull, James Hammond, 120, 653 Tupper, Martin F., 59, 60 Turgenev, Ivan S., 13, 492, 688 Twain, Mark. See Clemens, Samuel Langhorne •Twichell, Joseph H., 54, 95, 138, 139, 163, 164, 201, 208, 209, 228, 249, 274, 276, 293, 309, 384, 419, 445, 553, 576, 671-72, 758, 828, 845, 863; Bermuda trip, 171, 178-79, 185-86, 203-204; Boston pedestrian excursion, 36-45, 87; Chinese Education Mission, 33941; SLC's funeral, 854, 855; Cleveland-Blaine election, 502; Dickinson debut, 117, 136-37; European trip with SLC, 79, 171, 231, 232; SLC's history game, 438-39, 440; friendship with WDH, 33, 46, 47, 55, 57, 68, 71, 88, 210, 803, 854; Lexington Centennial, 73-74, 79; mental telegraphy, 376-77; Monday Evening Club, 120; "Old Times on the Mississippi," 34, 43; personal characteristics, 16, 300301> 3°3> 380-81, 407, 447, 816-17; West Point, 355, 356, 553, 557; Whittier Birthday Dinner, 214 Twichell, Mrs. Joseph H. (Harmony), 39, 41, 68, 71, 854 Underwood, Francis H., 46; WDH's review of Lord of Himself, 47 Union League Club, N.Y., 627 Union Square Theatre, N.Y., 153 Unity Hall, Hartford, 532 University of California, 680, 688, 701 University of Missouri, 741 University Settlement House, N.Y., 672, 673 Vampire Club, Cleveland, 271 Van Dyke, Henry, 672, 673, 753 Velde, Madame M. S. Van de, 416 Verga, Giovanni, 650; / Malavoglia, 536 Verne, Jules, 226, 255 Victorian Review, Melbourne, 286 Vilas, William F., 571-72

940

INDEX Vinton, Frederic P., 523 Virginia City Territorial Enterprise,

550,

626, 62g, 686

Vogelback, Arthur L., 45 Vokes, Rosina, 463 Voltaire, 767

7 0 1 , 703

Wagner, Richard, 249 Wakefield, Clark B., 749-50 •Wakeman, Edgar, 201, 269, 270, 476. See also "Extract from Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven" by SLC Walker, John Brisben, 651, 652, 709 Wall, Harry, 188 Wallace, Alfred Russel, 776 Wallack's, N.Y., 498 Walsh, W. S., 93 Wanamaker, John, 572, 573 "Ward, Artemus," 133, 706 •Ward, John Quincy Adams, 120, 121, 123. 354. 355 •Waring, George E., 96, 233, 271, 439, 44i •Warner, Charles Dudley, 46, 47, 69, 86, 120, 208, 2 1 0 , 2 2 5 , 309, 356, 3 5 7 , 384, 4 5 2 . 5 3 0 , 5 4 1 , 630, 652, 672, 700, 7 1 8 ,

810, 830; Ashfield Academy, 317-18, 365; Atlantic contributor, 12, 118, 230— 31; Baxter interview, 312; Blindfold Novelettes scheme, 155, 158, 160; criticized by SLC, 112, 150-51, 676, 678; "Editor's Study" in Harper's, 687; Gerhardt family, 352, 354, 385; Hartford Courant, 133; friendship with WDH, 1 4 - 1 6 , 3 2 , 164, 202, 207, 259, 2 9 3 - 9 5 ,

298, 307-308, 414; letters from WDH, 1 2 , 205, 2 1 3 , 2 3 4 , 247, 3 7 1 , 662; on WDH's work, 150, 153, 216, 217, 278; Literature poll, 694; My Winter on the Nile, 145; National Institute of Arts and Letters, 688, 689; N.Y. Tribune "attack" upon SLC, 390, 391; politics, 330, 501, 502, 871; travels, 26, 70, 118, 153; Whittier Birthday Dinner, 214, 282-83. See also Gilded Age by SLC Warner, Mrs. Charles Dudley (Susan), 259. 295. 3° 6 - 35® Warner, Frank, 306, 547 Warner, George, 68, 69, 71, 281, 810 Warner, Mrs. George (Elizabeth), 68, 69, 7 1 , 2 1 6 , 2 3 4 , 2 8 1 , 306, 464

Warren, William, 454

Washington, Booker T . , 365 Washington, George, 158, 704, 713, 729 Wasson, George S„ 768-69 Watson, John ("Ian Maclaren"), 700, Watson, John Whittaker, 767 Webb, Charles H., 133 Webster, Annie Moffett, 393 •Webster, Charles L., 388, 390, 393, 423, 4 4 1 , 468, 496, 520, 5 2 2 , 576,

584-85,

595> 59®' 619. 711; Colonel Sellers as a Scientist, 444, 448, 454, 461, 462, 465-67, 470-7». 473-85. 487. 495. 5°3~ 505. 5»7. 522, 535, 560; grape scissors, 438, 448, 464, 483, 484; Huckleberry Finn, 483, 493-94, 497. 49 8 · 5°2> 5 M 15, 525; Life of Pope Leo XIII, 572, 573; Mark Twain's Library of Humor, 540, 541, 587, 593; retirement, 580, 610. See also Charles L. Webster & Co. Webster, Samuel C., 619 Wecter, Dixon, 315, 377, 568 Wellington, Arthur W., 331 Wells, H. G„ 803, 804 Welsh, James, 598 West Point (U.S. Military Academy), 555. 557. 627: SLC's reading for cadets, 355, 356, 551-53, 625, 626 Western Union Telegraph Co., 557 Wheeler, Dora, 582, 659 Wheeler, Joseph, 692 Wheeler, William Almon, 864-65 Whipple, Edwin P., 5 Whistler, James A. M., 659 White, Andrew D., 260, 262 White, William Allen, 808, 814, 815 Whitford, Daniel, 563, 573 Whitlock, Brand, 743, 744, 825 Whitman, Walt, 5,498, 599, 694 Whitmore, Frank G., 306, 307, 580, 710 Whittier, John Greenleaf, 99, 371, 581, 694; Birthday Dinner (1877), 171, 210, 212-15,

217,

267,

276,

282-84,

398,

535 Wilberforce, Basil, 704, 705, 709 Wilbrandt, Adolf von, Master of Palmyra, 685, 686 Wilder, Edward P., 866 Wilson, John G., Nordeck, 570 Wiggin, J . Henry, 711 Wiley, Strother, 64, 66 Wilhelm I I (of Germany), 701, 726, 825

941

INDEX Wilkins, Mary. See Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins William F. Gill & Co., 93. See also Gill, William F. Williams, Henry, 835 Williams, True W., 121, 123 Wilson, Edmund, 855 Wilson, Francis, 803-805 Wilson, John M., 626 Wood, Fernando, 872 Wood, Charles Erskine Scott, 555 Woolsey, Jane Stuart, Hospital Days, 103, 864 Woolson, Constance F., 205

942

Wyatt, Edith F., 772 Yale University, 55, 139, 376, 743, 819; honorary degrees to SLC and WDH, 724, 730-32 Yellow Book, London, 756 Yewell, George H., 594-96 Yonkers Gazette, 320 Young, John Russell, 341, 390 Young Men's Christian Association, N.Y., 802 Young's Hotel, Boston, 36, 74, 747 *Yung Wing, 75, 207, 340-41, 381, 382 Zola, Emile, 382, 492; Germinal,

536

INDEX

OF WORKS BY SAMUEL AND

WILLIAM

L.

CLEMENS

D. HO WELLS

Both published and unpublished works are listed, but this is of course not a complete bibliography: it lists only writings mentioned in the text or the notes of the correspondence. Titles enclosed within square brackets are proposed by the editors for works not given precise titles by the author. WORKS

BY

SAMUEL

" A b o u t Magnanimous Incident Literature," 222—23, 225-26; W D H ' s comments, 224 " A b o u t Play-Acting," 686 " A d a m Monument," 204, 812 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 60, 94, 13°- 321. 379> 442, 462, 466, 493-94. 513-14, 524-25, 579, 581, 611, 746, 749, 867, 870, 874; SLC's opinions of, 117, 144-45, 435-3 6 ; composition, 92-93, 106, 141, 174, 429, 435-36, 438, 440, 444; Concord Library ban, 524-27; critical response, 515, 519, 535, 603; dramatized, 762; W D H ' s comments, 423, 612, 650, 665-66, 747, 748; W D H edits, 494; W D H influenced by, 634; W D H reads proof, 482-84, 494-95, 497, 499, 500; publication, 161, 423, 446, 468, 483, 514-15, 529, 666; sales, 445, 514-15; sequels attempted, 741, 748 Adventures of Tom Sawyer, 88, 130, >73. 391. 435- 6 34. 748; composition, 67, 87-88, 91-95; dramatizations, 31, 95-96, 423, 463, 471-72, 520-21, 762; W D H ' s comments, 31, 87-88, 90-91, 94-96, u o - 1 1 , 113, 118, 121, 650, 880; W D H edits, 92-95, 110, 117, 1 2 1 24; W D H ' s review, 1 1 1 - 1 3 , 1 1 Ί · '27— 2g, 132-34; illustrations, 121, 128; publishing history, 117, 121, 131-32, 135-3 6 . "78> >83, 193, 258, 262, 446, 666; sales, 294, 445-46; sequel attempted, 741 Ah Sin, 180-81, 190-91, 200; history of writing, 117, 157-59, 162, 165-66, 1 7 2 73, 186, 18g; production, 175, 177, 191-94; failure, 171, 206

L.

CLEMENS

American Claimant, 637, 639; composition, 635, 636, 650; publication, 511, 635, 644; sources, 507, 583, 598-99, 601, 635, 645-46, 870; title for production of Colonel Sellers as a Scientist, 569, 585. See also Colonel Sellers as a Scientist "Aurelia's Unfortunate Y o u n g M a n " ("Whereas"), 147, 148 Autobiography of Mark Twain, 818. See also Autobiographical Dictation Autobiographical Dictation, 45, 82, 806808, 824, 846; SLC's comments, 77880, 782, 807, 810-11, 815, 834, 835; W D H ' s comments, 781, 802-804, 811, 816, 817, 819; North American Review publication of chapters, 794, 817-18, 825; praised by Clara Clemens, 815 Balaam Ass. See "Cap'n Simon Wheeler, the Amateur Detective" "Belated Russian Passport," 745-46 [Burlesque Etiquette], 359-60, 362, 369 [Burlesque Hamlet], 369-71, 373, 391 " B u r n i n g Shame," 748-49 "Canvasser's T a l e , " 147-50, 156, 159, 167 "Cap'n Simon Wheeler, the Amateur Detective" ("Clues"), 171, 216, 233— 34, 246-47, 823; composition, 184, 18791, 269-70; W D H ' s comments, 191, 202, 207; sources, 200-201. See also "Simon Wheeler, Detective" "Carl Schurz, Pilot," 807 "Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County," 189, 200, 500, 796 Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, and Other Sketches, 118, 133, 148

943

INDEX "Chapters From My Autobiography." See Autobiographical Dictation "Christian Science," 755 "Christian Science and the Book of Mrs. Eddy," 709, 7 1 1 Christian Science with Notes Containing Corrections to Date, 794, 847 "Clues." See "Cap'n Simon Wheeler, the Amateur Detective" Colonel Sellers. See Gilded Age (play) Colonel Sellers as a Scientist (The American Claimant [play]), 259, 445, 473, 5 1 1 , 637-40; alternate titles, 234; composition, 232, 234, 246-47, 270, 345- 372-73. 391. 415. 433. 425. 426, 444, 446-53, 474, 504-506, 512, 521, 555-57' 5 8 4. 585. 628, 631, 861-63; WDH's mixed feelings, 565; material used in American Claimant, 635, 64546; negotiations for production, 412, 431, 448, 454-55. 459-84. 486-87. 495. 503-508, 519-22, 535, 5 5 4 - 6 / , 5 6 9 - 7 ' . 591-92, 628-31, 655; produced, 452, 569; sequels planned, 479; sources, 189, 871 "Concerning the American Language," 400 Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, 56, 580, 588, 607-608, 611, 625; dramatization, 628-29, 632; WDH's comments, 550-51, 579, 608— 14, 619, 622, 650, 665, 668, 831, 8 3 3 34; "new deal," 161; publication, 613, 615, 617, 666; review by WDH, 610, 6 1 2 - 1 7 , 624-26; reviews, 622-24; social criticism, 292, 581, 598, 609-15, 6 2 1 22, 625-26, 646, 666; sources, 371, 519, 550-51; Stedman's comments, 609, 612, 619, 620 "Curious Republic of Gondour," 97, 98, 245 "Death Disk," 455-59, 463 "Dog's Tale," 776, 777 "Edward Mills and George Benton: A Tale," 314, 320-21 "Enchanted Sea-Wilderness," 671 "Encounter With an Interviewer," 93, 148 "English As She Is Taught," 585, 587, 589 "Esquimau Maiden's Romance," 652 [Etiquette Burlesque], 359-60, 362, 369 "Eve's Diary," 799-800

"Experiences of the McWilliamses with the Membranous Croup," 148, 278, 407 "Extract from Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven," 201, 233, 236, 238, 250, 376-77. 427. 4 2 9 . 7 9 4 . 8 1 1 "Fables and Their Sequels," 223 "Fables for Old Boys and Girls," 82, 24-25, 863 "Facts Concerning the Recent Carnival of Crime in Connecticut," 119-20, 123, 125, 129, 131, 133, 135-36, 1 6 1 - 6 2 , 679 "Family Sketch," 72 "First Writing Machines," 183-84 Following the Equator, 461-62, 664-66, 671, 677, 690, 693, 7 1 4 - 1 5 , 770; WDH's comments, 668-69, 7°3> 7°7> 816 "From The London Times of 1904," 677 Gilded Age, 8, 110, 184, 374, 653, 666; dramatized by Densmore, 861-63; WDH's comments, ig, 446-47; 862-63; reviews, 45, 294—96; sales, 294, 446; sources, 17, 81-82 Gilded Age (Colonel Sellers [play]), 20, 21, 82, 234, 446, 447, 479, 500, 861-63; produced, 21, 26, 27, 191; Raymond, 81, 159, 183, 409, 473, 592, 619; reviewed by WDH, 80-84; royalties, 58, 372; success, 31, 32, 193 "Great Revolution in Pitcairn," 248, 249, 251 "Greeting from the 19th Century to the 20th," 726 [Hamlet Burlesque], 369-71, 373, 391 "Happy Memories of the Dental Chair," 49 6 [Helen's Babies article?], 165 "How to Tell a Story," 706 How to Tell a Story and Other Essays, 717 "Huck Finn and T o m Sawyer Among the Indians," 496-97 Huckleberry Finn. See Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Huckleberry Finn (play), dramatization of Tom Sawyer, 521, 762 " I n Memoriam: Olivia Susan Clemens," 667, 668 Innocents Abroad, 7 - 8 , 13, 153, 242, 694; Alta California dispatches, 328; dedication, 283; WDH's comments, 833; WDH's review, 3 - 7 ; illustrations, 123; praised, 106-107, 603; publish-

944

INDEX ing history, 7, 262, 349, 666; sales, 394, 446; success, 3, 8, 10; Tribune criticizes, 11 "Invalid's Story," 248, 251, 701, 70a "Is He Dead?" 671 "Is He Living or Is He Dead?" 671 "Jane Austen," 770 Joan of Arc. See Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc; "Saint Joan of Arc" "Journey to Heaven." See "Extract from Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven" "Legend of Sagenfeld, in Germany," 400 Life on the Mississippi: composition, 62, 88, 346, 395-96, 417-18, 429; copyright, 431, 433, 441; expansion of "Old Times on the Mississippi," 35, 63, 345-46; praised, 434, 825; publishing history, 423, 433, 468, 529, 666; raftsman passage, 435, 874; sources, 34, 35, 870; watchman's story, 44-45, 870. See also "Old Times on the Mississippi" "Literary Nightmare." See "Punch, Brothers, PunchI" "Love Song," 857 "Loves of Alonzo Fitz Clarence and Rosannah Ethelton," 211—13, 220, 400 "Machine Culture," 598, 599 "McWilliamses and the Burglar Alarm," 278, 307, 406-407 Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg and Other Stories and Essays, 717 Mark Twain in Eruption, 818. See also Autobiographical Dictation Mark Twain's Autobiography, 818. See also Autobiographical Dictation "Mark Twain's Explanation," 286 Mark Twain's Letters, 807 Mark Twain's Library of Humor, 366, 367, 403, 408, 425, 528, 530; SLC compiling, 396-400; Gebbie proposes anthology, 331, 333, 337, 346-50; WDH's collaboration, 345, 360-64, 395-96, 398400, 403, 406, 414, 417, 418, 427, 468, 469, 471, 492-93, 510, 537-41, 544-46, 548, 549, 583-84, 586, 587; WDH's introduction, 542-44, 592-94, 596, 597; publication, 539, 587 Mark Twain's Sketches, New and Old, 123, 148, 195; WDH's review, 31, 104108; published, 99, 103; sales, 119-21, 132, 446 Mark Twain's Speeches, 706

"Mental Telegraphy," 369-71, 642 "Mrs. McWilliams and the Lightning," 278, 317,407 "Murder, a Mystery, and a Marriage," 117, 130, 133, 135 My Debut as a Literary Person with Other Essays and Stories, 717 "My Late Senatorial Secretaryship," 148 "My Platonic Sweetheart," 676, 678 Mysterious Stranger, 686, 706, 794; composition, 131, 698-99, 710-12, 748, 779-80 "Old Times on the Mississippi," 31, 53; composition, 34-35, 42, 44, 49-52, 5 4 55, 60, 64, 65, 67, 74-75, 83, 85, 86; expanded into Life on the Mississippi, 35- 63, 345, 395-96; WDH's comments, 42-46, 48, 52, 56-59, 61, 66, 68, 72, 73, 80-82, 84-85, 828; payment by Atlantic, 68; pirated by Belford, 183, 238, 270-71; title, 47-48. See also Life on the Mississippi "On Foreign Critics," 601 "On the Decay of the Art of Lying," 399-400 "ioo2d Arabian Night," 436, 441-42, 444 "Orme's Motor." See Colonel Sellers as a Scientist "Paris Notes," 400 Personal Recollectons of Joan of Arc, 650, 873-74 "Political Economy," 733 "Preface to the Uniform Edition," 683, 686 Prince and the Pauper, 56, 383-84, 388, 483, 873; baronet blunder, 378, 87476; Canadian copyright, 380, 381; composition, 290-92, 325, 327; Franklin Press edition, 383-84, 386; House's revision, 874—76; WDH's comments, 338-39' 375-76» 665; WDH's review, 345. 373-75. 377-78. 5l5'· publication, 349, 529, 666; royalties, 416 Prince and the Pauper (amateur dramatizations): SLC's version, 423, 471-72, 479; amateur production by Clemens family, 546, 547, 549, 550, 874; OLC's version, 547; WDH criticizes, 485; revision postponed, 486 Prince and the Pauper (professional dramatization), 485, 619, 632, 633 "Private History of a Campaign that Failed," 541-42

945

INDEX Pudd'nhead Wilson, 537, 650, 666 "Punch, Brothers, Punchl" ("A Literary Nightmare"), 104-105, 109-10, 112-13, 131, 132; WDH's comments, 124-85 "Recent Great French Duel," 248, 251 "Record of Small Foolishnesses," 143, 145 Report from Paradise, 377 "Rogers," 400 Roughing It, 8, 35, 157, 201, 430, 492; SLC's joke about W D H ' s review, 6^7; WDH's comments, m , 713; WDH's review, 7, 10-11; produced as an extravaganza, 34; publication, 7, 262, 666; reviewed in Ν. Y. Tribune, 11; sales, 10, 12, 294, 446. See also "Roughing It on the Silver Frontier," under Speeches "Saint Joan of Arc," 708-11 "Samuel Erasmus Moffett," 660 [Sandwich Islands (Bill Ragsdale) play], 451, 452, 463-65, 476; sources, 460-62 [Sandwich Islands story], 460-63 "Simon Wheeler," 674-75, 677 "Simon Wheeler, Detective" (narrative version of the play), 189-90. See also "Cap'n Simon Wheeler, the Amateur Detective" 1601, 147-48, 271-73 Sketches, New and. Old, 666, 863-64; WDH's review, 31, 104-108 "Some Rambling Notes of an Idle Excursion," 171, 179-88, 190-91, 193, 199-201, 207-209, 251, 702 Speeches and lectures by SLC: [Aldrich Memorial dedication speech], 831 Authors' readings, 519, 528, 588-90 "Babies," 267, 280-82, 400, 868 [Bayard Taylor banquet speech], 223 [Civil-Service reform speech], 156, 86465 "Edmund Burke on Croker and Tammany," 731 "Francis Lightfoot Lee," 141-42 "General Grant's Grammar," 545 "German for the Hungarians," 6go, 693 [Introduction of Carl Schurz], 511 "Knights of Labor — T h e New Dynasty," 597-99 "Layman's Sermon," 802 "License of the Press," 120

" O n Foreign Critics," 601 [Public school training speech], 584, 585. 587 [Republican rally speech (1876)], 156, 864-65 [Republican rally speech (1880)], 331, 332. 337 [Robert Fulton Fund speech], 806 "Roughing It on the Silver Frontier," 13, 100, 102 "Sandwich Islands," 13 "Seventieth Birthday," 798, 799 "Sixty-Seventh Birthday," 753 "Tammany and Croker," 731 "Universal Suffrage," 120 " W h a t is Happiness?" 693 "Weather," 400 "Statement of the Edwardses," 671 "Stirring Times in Austria," 673, 674 "Stolen White Elephant," 246-47, 39799. 823 Stolen White Elephant, Etc., 207-208, 251» 345. 702, 729; W D H compiling, 345. 399-4°°. 397-98; publication, 399400, 529 " T a m i n g the Bicycle," 491 "Telephonic Conversation," 302—305 " T h r e e Thousand Years Among the Microbes," 779, 780 " T o My Missionary Critics," 730 " T o the Person Sitting in Darkness," 477, 726, 727, 730 Tom, Sawyer. See Adventures of Tom Sawyer Tom Sawyer Abroad, 650 Tom Sawyer Abroad, Tom Sawyer, Detective, and other Stories, 129, 666, 702 Tom Sawyer, Detective, 190 " T o m Sawyer's Conspiracy," 746-48 Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson. See Pudd'nhead Wilson Tramp Abroad, 79, 123, 171, 231—32, 291-92, 294, 299, 314, 316, 371, 52829; SLC writing, 246-51, 261, 269-70, 274-75, 280-82, 286-87; WDH's comments, 293, 847; W D H ' s review, 267, 284-85, 287, 293, 296-98, 300, 314, 316; publication, 262, 290-91, 294, 302; sales, 290-91, 320, 329, 446 " T r u e Story," 9, 26-27, 31, 53, 99; W D H ' s comments, 24-26, 32, 106, 289-90, 828; sources, 22-23, 195

946

INDEX True Story and the Recent Carnival of Crime, 162 "Turning-Point of My Life," 50, 851 "Undertaker's Tale," 206 "Was it Heaven? or Hell?" 757-58, 808, 810 "Was the World Made for Man?" 777 What is Man? 689, 693, 800-801, 844

"Whereas" ("Aurelia's Unfortunate Young Man"), 147, 148 "Which was the Dream?" 675-78 "Which Was Which?" 678 "Why Not Abolish It?" 769, 770 "William Dean Howells," 8 1 3 - 1 7 Works (collected editions), 664-66, 6 7 9 80, 682, 683, 686, 694-95, 699, 702-704, 7»3· 715. 717

WORKS BY WILLIAM D. HOWELLS "After the Wedding," 814 "American Literary Centres," 674, 677 April Hopes, 569, 584, 585 "At the Sign of the Savage," 218 Boy's Town, 633, 634 "Buying a Horse," 232, 234 "Carl Schurz, 1829-1906," 807 Certain Delightful English Towns, 796 Chance Acquaintance, 8, 13, 238, 247 "Choice Autobiographies" (introductory essays), 172, 181, 210, 2 1 1 , 485 "Christmas Spirit," 756 Colonel Sellers as a Scientist. See under works by SLC Counterfeit Presentment, 181, 238 Counterfeit Presentment (play): arrangements for production, 91, 171, 180-82, 184, 340, 655; SLC's comments, 216; success, 205, 206, 2 1 6 - 1 7 , 868 "Country Printer," 652, 653 Dangerous Ruffian (The Garroters), 768 "Difficult Case," 719 Dr. Breen's Practice, 369, 371, 767 "Double-Barreled Sonnet to Mark Twain," 753, 756, 798-99 "Edgar Allan Poe," 841 "Elevator," 491 Fearful Responsibility, 287, 361-62 Fennel and Rue, 793, 8 1 9 - 2 1 Flight of Pony Baker, 746, 747 Foregone Conclusion, 13, 24, 31, 42, 48, 49> 55 _ 56, 92, 247; SLC's comments, 1 7 - 1 8 , 21, 24; publishing history, 18, 22, 47, 58, 178, 268; sources, 244 Foregone Conclusion (play), 77, 508, 618, 619, 644, 645; SLC's comments, 620-21 "Frank Norris," 755, 756

"Garfield," 372 Garroters (A Dangerous Ruffian), 768 Hazard of New Fortunes, 579, 630, 631; sources, 594, 602 "Henry James, Jr.," 404, 437-38 Impressions and Experiences, 684, 686 Indian Summer, 87, 431, 446, 528, 536; SLC's comments, 533-34; serialized in Harper's, 519 Italian Journeys, 395 Kentens, 714 Lady of the Aroostook, 238, 244, 2 6 8 69, 450; SLC's comments, 172, 24041, 245-47, 250; sources, 247 Landlord at Lion's Head, 650 Leatherwood God, 793 Letter of Introduction, 438 Library of Universal Adventure by Sea and Land, 590 Life of Vittorio Alfieri (introductory essay), 181 Literary Friends and Acquaintance, 650 Little Girl Among the Old Masters, 490 Lives and Speeches of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin, 142, 14g Lives of Lord Herbert of Cherbury and Thomas Ellwood (introductory essay), 181 London Films, 796 "Mark Twain," 404, 405, 409-10, 860-61 "Mark Twain, An Inquiry," 703 Mark Twain's Speeches (introduction), 706 "Meetings with King," 416 Memoirs of Carlo Goldoni (introductory essay), 181 Memoirs of Edward Gibbon, Esq., (introductory essay), 172, 181, 210 Memoirs of Frederica Sophia Wilhel-

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INDEX mina (introductory essay), 181, 2 1 1 Memoirs of Jean Franfois Marmontel (introductory essay), 17a, 181 Minister's Charge, 423, 485, 489, 528, 532. 533- 545- 553- 565 "Mr. Harben's Georgia Fiction," 852 Mrs. Farrell, a Novel. See "Private Theatricals" Modern Instance, 345, 361-62, 374-75, 386, 391-92, 492, 512; SLC's comments, 407-408, 412, 417; sources, 4 1 2 - 1 3 "Mother," 743; SLC's comments, 756, 814-15 Mouse-Trap, 684, 686 "My Literary Passions," 657 My Mark Twain, Reminiscences and Criticisms, 408, 777, 854-55 "Novel Writing and Novel Reading," 714 "Our Spanish Prisoners at Portsmouth," 679-80 Out of the Question, 140-43, 491, 702; SLC's comments, 173—74 "Parlor Car," 31, 96, 138-40, 149; SLC's comments, 147—48, 152, 173 "Police Report," 380, 382 "Private Theatricals," 31, 79, 96, 109, 113, 1 2 1 "Public Billing and Cooing," 772 Quality of Mercy, 644 Ragged Lady, 668, 669, 684, 686 "Recollections of an Atlantic Editorship," 48, 827-28 Register, 485 Rise of Silas Lapham, 161, 423, 499-500, 5 l 9> 525. 532. 555. 800; SLC's comments, 512, 524, 531; dramatized, 672-74 Samson (translation), 19—24, 33-34 "Scene," 382 Sea Change (opera libretto), 409, 423, 485-87, 499-500, 505-506, 521 Sebastopol (introduction), 596 "Sennight of the Centennial," 140, 141 Shadow of a Dream, 625, 626 "Shaker Village," 96; SLC's comments, 139-40

Sketch of the Life and Character of Rutherford B. Hayes, 117, 142-43, 146, 148-49; SLC's comments, 150, 153; sales, 155-56, 158 "Sleeping-Car, A Farce," 406 Son of Royal Langbrith, 780, 781; SLC's comments, 779 "Sorrow, My Sorrow," 775, 776; SLC's comments, 774 South Sea Idyls (introduction), 33, 702 Stops of Various Quills, 650 Story of a Play, 674 Suburban Sketches, 382 "Surprise Party to Mark Twain," 726 Their Husbands' Wives (edited), 799800 Their Silver Wedding Journey, 668-69, 672-73, 680, 684, 7 1 3 - 1 4 ; SLC's comments, 689-90, 695-96, 706 Their Wedding Journey, 10, 238, 247, 589, 680 Three Villages, 140 Through the Eye of the Needle, 793 Traveler from Altruria, 650 "Triad of Admirable Books," 768, 76g "True, I Talk of Dreams," 470 "Turning-Point in My Life," 852, 853 Tuscan Cities, 484-85, 537; SLC's comments, 835 "Two Notable Novels," 491, 492 Undiscovered Country, 267, 2 7 0 - 7 1 , 277— 78, 287, 303, 317, 329; SLC's comments, 288-89, 813; sources, 288-89 Venetian Life, 13, 395, 813, 814, 816, 817, 826 "White Mr. Longfellow," 660-61 Whole Family, 8 1 8 - 1 9 [Winifred Howells] (untitled memoir), 604 Woman's Reason, 232, 234, 415, 416, 423, 426; SLC's comments, 427, 429, 439-40 Works (collected edition), 793 Yorick's Love (translation of "Un Drama Nuevo"), 205, 292, 329, 86869

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