Madrigal's Magic Key to Spanish: A Creative and Proven Approach [Reissue ed.] 9780385410953, 0385410956

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C KEY TO

4

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A Creative and Proven Approach rgar ita Maa riga l With Original Illustrations b y

Andy

Warhol*

ite, and Ss

ish

S!

in o n l ya few short

Even the most reluctant learner will b e astonished a t the ease a n a effectiveness of Margarita Madrigal'’s m e t h o d of t e a c h i n g a foreign language. C o m pletely eliminating rote memorization a n d painfully

boring drills, MADRIGAL'S MAGIC KEY TO SPANISH is guaranteed t o h e l p you: a Learn t o speak, read, a n d write Spanish quickly a n d easily

Convert English into Spanish in a n instant A Start forming sentences after the very first lesson A [dentifytpousands of Spanish words within a few weeks of study

A

A

Travel to Spanish-speaking countries with confidence a n d comfort

4

Develop perfect pronunciation, thanks t o t h e book's h a n d y p r o n u n c i a t i o n key US $10.95 / $13.95 CAN m i 0 - 3 8 5 -i n - 6 Hil

oe

desi gn b y Mich ael Pilla

o I 5 0 3 5 s !1 | L i

|

ir

|

|

ADRIGAL’'S

G I C KEY T O

[111 MARGARITA MADRIGAL BY ILLUSTRATIONS WARHOL ANDY

—

¢ —— m— t a —

DOUBLEDAY N E W YORK

LONDON

TORONTO SYDNEY

AUCKLAND

A n d gladly wolde he lerne a n d gladly teche. —CHAUCER

A

MAINSTREET

PUBLISHED

BOOK

BY DOUBLEDAY

a division o f Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. 1540 Broadway, New York, New York 10036 M A I N STREET BOOKS, DOUBLEDAY, a n d the portrayal o f a

building with a tree are trademarks of Doubleday, a division o f Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Madrigal, Margarita.

[Magic key t o Spanish] Madrigal’s magic key t o Spanish/Margarita Madrigal: illustrations b y Andrew Warhol.—1Ist ed. p. c m . Includes index.

ISBN 0-385-41095-6 1. Spanish language— Textbooks for foreign I . Warhol, Andy, 1 9 2 8 - 8 7 .

speakers—English.

I I . Tide. I I I . Title: Magic key t o Spanish.

PC4128.M35 1989 468.2'421—dc20

89-30448 CIP

Copyright © 1951, 1953, 1989 by Margarita Madrigal A L L RIGHTS RESERVED

P R I N T E D I N T H E U N I T E D STATES O F A M E R I C A

9

11 12 10 8

Preface

t this moment you know several thousand Spanish words even if you have never seen or heard a Spanish word before. You are not aware of these words simply because they have not been

pointed out to you. In this book I’m going t o show you how easy it is to learn Spanish by showing you how much you already know. For instance, have you ever seen these Spanish words before?

popular capital animal hotel

radio conductor probable cable

actor ideal flexible central

Can you recognize any of these words? Atlantico Pacifico dramatico constructivo atractivo

restaurante importante presidente permanente medicina

optimista dentista artista confusién invitacion

If you can recognize even a few of these words, the Spanish languagei s yours for the taking.

I t is encouraging to know that you can identify thousands upon thousands of Spanish words at sight. But it is really exciting to

discover that with a few hints you yourself can form these words

Preface and that you can start out on your venture of learning Spanish

with a large, ready-made vocabulary. When you study this method you will find that you will not only have the ability to recognize words, but that it will actually be within your power t o

convert English words into Spanish words. Furthermore, you will learn what to do with these words. You

will feel the thrill of starting right

out

forming sentences from the

very first lesson. You will learn to think in Spanish and you will

know the beauty and rhythm of spoken Spanish. When you finish this course you will be able to go to a Spanish-speaking

country and talk to the people and understand them. From the time man first began to learn foreign tongues down to the present time, language methods have relied on memory

and not on the pupil’s powers of creation. Now the process is reversed. This book will teach you to create. The very first lesson will prove to you that you can create at least one hundred times more material than you could possibly memorize in the same

given time. Furthermore, the process of creation is exciting, whereas mechanical memorizing is tremendously boring. Also consider that you are apt to forget a word that you memorize

mechanically. But a word that you create stays with you forever.

The motto of this book, if such there be, is “And gladly wolde he lerne and gladly teche” (Chaucer). From my own experience I know that what is not gladly learned is not learned at all. It is the essence of this method to make learning Spanish a pleasure for you. I have tried to guide you lovingly through the language. Every means of making it easy for you has been incorporated into this book. Thousands of questions that have been asked by former students have made it possible for me to anticipate your questions and t o answer them. D o you believe that you cannot learn a foreign tongue?

Did you study languages in school and fail to learn to speak them? D o yon know a great many Spanish words that you cannot put

into sentences? Were you ever bored in a language class? Have you thought that learning a new language involved so

much work that it couldn’t fit into your schedule?

Preface

If you can answer “yes” to any of the questions above, this method is for you. This book will teach you to: 1. Speak Spanish 2. Read Spanish 3. Write in Spanish

4. Think in Spanish This is not an empty promise. The method has proved successful with more than a quarter of a million people in the span of a few years. Not one student who has started this method has failed. Some went more slowly than others, but in the end every student

learned more Spanish for every hour that he spent with the book than he had thought possible in his fondest dreams. This method, which has worked with so many students, will work with you. Turn to Lesson I and prove this to yourseif right

now.

Pronunciation Key The letter A is always pronounced ‘ a h ’ as in ‘‘Ah,

Sweet Mystery.”

The letter E is always pronounced “‘E"’ as in bet, test, bless.

The letter | is always pronounced "'EE’’ as in greet,

beet.

The letter O is always pronounced ““O" as in obey (but without the slightest trace of a U sound. It is a clean, distinct O sound).

The letter U is always pronounced " O O " as in cool, pool.

1. The letter B is pronounced *'B"’ as in bit. 2. However, when a letter B appears between vowels it is pronounced very softly. In fact, the B between vowels is so soft that your lips hardly touch when you pronounce it. Try pronouncing

the word ‘“‘abundancia’’ with a very, very soft B.

1. The C before A, O , U i s hard as the C i n can. 2. The C before E or | i s soft as the C i n cent.

CC

is pronounced ‘“X." "Accién'' is pronounced “axion."”

CH

As in child.

D

1. The letter D is pronounced “‘D"' as in '‘do.” 2 . W h e n the D is the last letter o f a word o r when

it appears between vowels, it is pronounced as the softest TH imaginable. Say the English word ‘‘the"’ several times making the TH very,

very soft; then say '‘ciudad,” pronouncing both D's with the same soft TH.

Pronunciati on Key G

1 . The G before A , O , U is h a r d as in get.

2. The G before E or | is pronounced H as in hen. “*General’’ is pronounced ‘‘heneral.”

The H is always silent in Spanish. ‘ H o t e l ’ is pronounced ‘ ‘ o t e l . ’

The J is pronounced ‘‘H'' as in hen. The L is pronounced “‘L’" as in let.

1

LL

The LL is pronounced "'Y'' as in yes. “Caballo’ is pronounced ‘‘cabayo'’; ‘‘llevo’’ is pronounced ‘‘yevo.” The n is pronounced ‘ N Y . ‘‘Cabana’ is pronounced ‘‘cabanya’ and ‘ s e n o r ’ is ‘‘senyor.”

The R is slightly trilled except when it is the first letter in a word, in which case it is strongly trilled.

Always strongly trilled. The T is always pronounced as the ‘ T T ’ in attractive. ‘ P a t i o ’ (pattio}, ‘simpdtico’’ (simpattico).

1. The letter Y is pronounced “Y"' as in yet. 2 . However, when the letter Y stands alone it is

pronounced ‘ E E as in beet. '‘'Y"” means “ a n d ” in Spanish.

LZ The Z is pronounced “'S"’ as in sent. QUE is pronounced “ K E as in kept. QUI is pronounced “KEE” as in keen, keep. GUE is pronounced ‘“GUE’’ as in guest. GUI is pronounced "GEE" as in geese. The rest of the letters are pronounced as they are in English, with only very slight variations. In some parts of Spain the C before E or | is pronounced ''TH,”’ and the Z is always pronounced “TH.”

Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010

fip//www.archive.org/details/maarigalsmagicke00madr

Contents

Preface 1 . Leccion NUmero U n o

Words that are identical in Spanish and English. How t o convert English words into Spanish words. How to form sentences. Lists of words that are similar or identical in Spanish and English. How t o form Spanish words from English words that end in “al,” “ble,” “ic,” “ent,” and “ant.” Basic differences in spelling between Spanish and

English.

2 . Leccion N O m e r o Dos

14

How t o form Spanish words from English words that end in “ist,” “ous,” and “ion.” The use of these words in sentences.

3 . Leccion N u m e r o Tres H o w to convert nouns that end i n “ion” into verbs. H o w to form questions.

23

Contents

X

4. Leccion Numero Cuatro

27

How t o form Spanish words from English words that end in “ty.” Conversation using “tomé” ( I took) and “tomé” (you took).

5. Leccion NUmero Cinco

33

How to form Spanish words from English words that end in “ry” and “em.” Conversation using “visit¢” ( I visited) and “invité” ( I invited).

6 . Leccibn Numero Seis

39

A simple way of converting English verbs into Spanish verbs. H o w to use these verbs i n sentences.

7. Leccion Numero Siete

46

Conversation using ‘“hablé” ( I spoke, talked). How to form Spanish words from English words that end in “ce”

and “cy.”

8 . Leccén Numero Ocho

52

An easy way t o convert Spanish nouns you know into verbs. H o w to form questions in the past tense.

9. Leccion Numero Nvueve H o w t o greet people. Conversation using “ ; C é m o esta?”

(How are? How is?).

62

Contents

Xi

1 0 . Leccion Numero Diez

68

How t o form Spanish words from English words that end in “in” or “ine.” Conversation using “compre” ( I bought) and “compré” (you bought). {pg

}

11. Leccion Numero Once

75

How to express future action. How t o form Spanish words from English words that end in “ive.”

Test Your Progress

82

1 2 . Leccion Numero Doce

87

Further practice in expressing future action. Conversation using “trabajar” (to work). The days of the week.

05

1 3 . Leccion Numero Trece

Verbs that end in “er” and “ir.” Practice in expressing future action with these verbs. H o w to form adverbs.

14. Leccién Numero Catorce

101

How to form the past tense singular of “er” and “ir” verbs. List of “er” and “ir” verbs that are similar t o their English equivalents. How to form the plural of nouns.

15. Leccion Nimero Quince Conversation using “ver” (to see) and “trabajar” (to work). H o w to use Spanish adjectives.

109

Xi

Contents

16. Leccion NUmero Diez y Seis

115

Conversation using “leer” (to read). How t o form Spanish words from English words that end in “cle” and y. €«,.. MN

17. Leccion NUmero Diez y Siete

121

H o w to form the past tense plural of “ar” verbs. Conversa-

tion using “pasar” (to pass, to spend time).

18. Leccion Numero Diez y Ocho

129

Past tense plural of “er” and “ir” verbs. The months of the

year.

19. Leccién NOmero Diez y Nueve

138

How t o form Spanish words from English words that end in “ct.” Conversation using ‘cantar’ (to sing) and “oir” (to hear).

20. Leccion NUmero Veinte

146

Conversation using “estar” (to be). How t o form Spanish

words from English words that end in “ure” and “ute.”

Test Your Progress

153

2 1 . Leccion NUmero Veintiuno

157

How t o form the Spanish equivalents of English participles that end in “ing”—“singing,” “working,” etc.—and their use In conversation.

xiii

Contents

22, Leccion NUmero Veintidos

164

H o w to form the present tense singular of “ar” verbs. Con-

versation using these verbs.

23. Leccion NUmero Veintitrés

173

H o w to form the present tense singular of “er” and “ir”

verbs. Conversation using these verbs. Further practice

with Spanish adjectives.

24, Leccion NOmero Veinticuatro

181

H o w to form the plural of the present tense.

235.Leccion Numero Veinticinco

191

A simple way to convert Spanish verbs into nouns. Con-

versation using ‘“‘tuve” ( I had) and “‘estuve” ( I was).

26. Leccion NOmero Veintiséis

203

Use of “ir” (to go) in the present and past tenses. Con-

versation using “hice” ( I did, made) and *‘vine” ( I came).

27 . Leccién NUmero Veintisiete

213

H o w to form the present perfect tense with the auxiliary

“haber . . .” (to have . . . ) . Conversation using these verbs.

28. Leccion Nimero Veintiocho Spelling changes in verbs. The numbers.

224

XV

Contents

29. Leccion Numero Veintinueve

review o f the most useful and important of verbs. Further practice in using these verbs. Complete

238 tenses

30. Leccién NUmero Treinta

245

Verbs that have slight changes in the stem.

Test Your Progress

256

31. Leccién NUmero Treinta y Uno

260

An easy way t o learn irregular verbs. A list of the principal irregular verbs showing their similarity to each other. The present and past tenses of these verbs.

32. Leccion Numero Treinta y Dos

280

How to use him, her, and you in Spanish conversation.

33. Leccion NUmero Treinta y Tres

290

Dialogues using Aim, her, and you.

34. Leccion Numero Treinta y Cuatro

300

H o w to use to him, to her, to you, and for him, for her,

for you In Spanish conversation.

35. Leccion Numero Treinta y Cinco Further practice i n the use of to him, to her, to you. H o w to

combine pronouns.

308

XV

Contents

314

36. Leccion Numero Treinta y Seis Practice using the irregular verbs in conversation.

37. Leccion Numero Treinta y Siete

327

Verbs which end in *cer.”” H o w to use “me gusta” ( I like)

and “le gusta” (you like). A menu vocabulary.

38. Leccion Numero Treinta y Ocho

341

H o w to use “me” (myself) and “se” (yourself).

Test Your Progress

362

39. Leccion NUmero Treinta y Nueve

367

How

to

s a yI used to . . . you used to . . . in Spanish.

40. Leccion NUmero Cuarenta How

to

378

give commands in Spanish. List of frequently used

commands.

Test Your Progress

390

41. Leccion NUmero Cuarenta y Uno

394

How t o express hope, fear, doubt, and desire in Spanish.

42. Leccion NUmero Cuarenta y Dos

411

How t o express past hopes, fears, doubts, and desires in Spanish. H o w to say I would . . . you would . . . etc, in Spanish.

xvi

Contents

43. Leccidn Numero Cuarenta y Tres

424

Stem-changing verbs I, I I , I T I . Lists of all types of stem-

changing verbs.

44. Leccidn NUmero Cuarenta y Cuatro

436

Irregular past participles. Verbs that end in “uir.”” Impersonal verbs. H o w to use the verb “deber” (should,

ought, must). Passive voice. Negatives and double negatives.

45. Leccibn NUmero Cuarenta y Cinco

443

T h e familiar form o f address. Possessives. Diminutives. Stresses and accents.

Common Spanish Expressions

451

Vocabulary

457

Index

493

f Leccion Numero U n o

el mono (the monkey)

9 is very easy to build a large vocabulary of Spanish words. I n fact, you already know thousands of English words that be-

come Spanish words if you change them very slightly. These words fall into several large categories. CATEGORY |

The first and easiest category is made up of words which end in “or.” These words are often identical in Spanish and English. g} or “an.” Remember: “el” means “the,” “un” means { P“a”

the actor = el actor; an actor = u n actor el actor

el doctor

u n tractor

interior

2

Lesson Number O n e

el color el conductor

el error el favor

un profesor un inventor

exterior superior

Note: Spanish words that end i n “or” are stressed on the last syllable. Example: doc-TOR. The letter “r” is trilled in Spanish.

C A T E G O R Y Ii

Next there is a category of words that end in “al.” These also are often identical in Spanish and English.

el animal

the animal = el animal central local

personal

el criminal

comercial

musical

rural

el canal

legal

natural

social

Note: Spanish words that end in “al” are stressed on the last syllable. Example: lo-CAL.

CATEGORY III

Then comes a category of words that end in “ble.” These also are often identical in Spanish and English. the cable = el cable

el cable notable terrible

posible flexible visible

formidable probable honorable

noble horrible inevitable

Note: Spanish words that end in “ble” are stressed on the next to the last syllable. ExampLE: no-TA-ble.

CATEGORY

IV

A fourth large category is made up from those words that end n “ic” in English. To change them into Spanish simply add the letter “ 0 . ” IC = ICO

the public = el publico el Atlantico

democratico

elastico

el publico

artistico

eléctrico

automatico aristocratico Note: In Spanish the accent never alters the sound of letters. Whenever a letter is accented, stress the letter firmly. Example: PU-bli-co.

romantico

3

Leccion Numero Uno

CATEGORY V Another large category is made up from those words which end in ‘ent” or “ant.” If you simply add the letter

“¢”

to many of

these, they magically become Spanish words. E N T = ENTE A N T = ANTE the president= el presidente; important= importante

conveniente el elefante inteligente

excelente importante diferente

el presidente el accidente el cliente

Note: Words that end i n “ent” o r “ant” are accented o n the next to

the last syllable. ExampLE: pre-si-DEN-te.

The letter “g” is pronounced “h” as in “hen” when it appears » ExampLE: “inteligente” is pronounced or “ 4 before « 9“e” “intelihente.” “i."

Now that you know all these words, let’s see how easy i t is to put them into sentences. Just remember that: h d ‘means “is” ‘ n o es” means ‘‘is not” “el” means “the”

“un” means “a” or “an” El actor es popular.

El canal es importante.

E l tenor es romantico.

E l restaurante es excelente.

El presidente es diplomatico.

El criminal es ternble.

El El El El

actor no es un animal. elefante es un animal. conductor no es insolente. doctor es inteligente.

El El El El

cliente es importante. elefante es fantastico. cable es urgente. hotel es excelente.

Note: The letter “h” is always silent in Spanish: “hotel” is pronounced “otel.”

The sentences above can be made into questions by changing the word order. In Spanish you do not say, “Is the actor popu-

lar?” You must say, “Is popular the actor?” EXAMPLES:

¢Es popular

el actor? Is the actor popular’?

: Es romantico el tenor? Is the tenor romantic? ¢ Es diplomatico el presidente? Is the president diplomatic? ¢Es importante el canal? Is the canal important?

4

Lesson Number O n e WORDS TO REMEMBER

el, the

el mono, the monkey

es, is

un, a, a n

el estudiante, the student

n o es, ts not

curioso, curious popular, popular

en m i opinion, in my opinion

si, yes

ay no, oh no CONVERSACION ¢ Es popular el actor? Is the actor popular?

Si, el actor es popular.

¢Es terrible el profesor? Is the professor terrible? No, el profesor no es terrible. El profesor es excelente. ¢Es romantico el tenor? Is the tenor romantic? Si, el tenor es roméntico. ¢Es romantico el mono? Is

the monkey romantic?

Ay no, el mono no es romantico. ¢Es curioso el mono? Is

the monkey curious?

Si, el mono es curioso. : Es inteligente el mono? Si, en m i opinidén, el mono es inteligente. ¢ Es fantastico el

elefante?

Si, en m i opinién, el elefante es fantastico.

el presidente? Si, el presidente es inteligente. ¢ Es arrogante el profesor? Ay no, el profesor no es arrogante. El profesor es tolerante. ¢Es impertinente el estudiante? No, el estudiante no es impertinente ¢Es ignorante el estudiante? No, el estudiante no es ignorante., ¢Es excelente el restaurante? ¢ Es inteligente

Si, el restaurante es excelente. ¢Es urgente el cable?

Si, el cable es urgente.

5

Leccion NUmero Uno

E s importante el agente? Si, el agente es importante. :Es importante el cliente? Si, el cliente es importante. “Es’® means

3, “‘is”’ and also ‘“it 1s” o r “it’s.

EXAMPLES:

Es importante. [It’s important. It’s ternble. Es terrible. It’s natural. Es natural. Es personal.

It’s personal.

Practice the following expressions: Es posible. Es diferente. Es horrible. Es conveniente. Es imposible. Es fantastico. ~~ Esinevitable. Es probable. Es romantico. Es ideal. Es automatico. Es evidente. Es elegante. Es excelente. Es original. Es legal. “ N o es’’ means *‘is not’ and also *“it is not” o r “it isn’t.” EXAMPLES:

No No No No

es importante. es automatico. es posible. es urgente.

It It It It

isn’t isn’t isn’t isn’t

important. automatic. possible. urgent.

SENTENCE-FORMING EXERCISE

You will find three columns of Spanish words below. Take words from Column 1 , Column 2 , and Column g and form complete sentences with them. For example, take “el actor” from Column 1 , “es” from Column 2 , and “popular” from Column 3. Put them together and they form the sentence “El actor es popular.” Other sample sentences: E l restaurante es excelente.

El cliente es importante.

terrible. For practice, combine the words below in different ways to form as many sentences as you can. Just be sure to use words from each of the three columns in every sentence you form. E l doctor n o es

No

Lesson Number O n e 1

3 popular

el actor el doctor el conductor

Io

€S

el profesor el inventor el tenor

el presidente el general el accidente el cable

el agente el cliente

el paciente (the patient)

el permanente el tractor el elefante el mono

importante inteligente excelente competente romantico democratico diplomatico inevitable urgente paciente (patient) impaciente (impatient) excepcional (exceptional) terrible formidable

el hotel

fantastico

el restaurante

curioso

el hospital

horrible

EXERCISE I N T R A N S L A T I O N

Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Writc

out

each

sentence in Spanish, using the columns above as a guide. After

NOR

ON

you have written out all the sentences check with the correct translations below this exercise. The actor is popular. The tenor is popular. The restaurant is excellent. The hotel 1s excellent.

8. The client is important. 9. The conductor is patient. 1 0 . The general is important.

The doctor is intelligent.

12,

The cable is urgent. The hospital is excellent.

13.

The president is democratic. The inventor is intelligent. The general is diplomatic.

14.

The cable is important.

11,

Check your sentences with the correct Spanish translations below.

Leccion Numero U n o 8. El cliente es importante. 0. El conductor es paciente. 10. El general es importante. 11. El presidente es democratico. 1 2 . El inventor es inteligente. 1 3 . El general es diplomatico. 1 4 . El cable es importante.

Pall

ol o l

El actor es popular. E l tenor es popular. E l restaurante es excelente. E l hotel es excelente.

El doctor es inteligente. El cable es urgente. El hospital es excelente.

Basic differences in spelling between Spanish and English. 1.

I n Spanish “ph” becomes “f.” PH=F ENGLISH

SPANISH

elephant

elefante teléfono fonético

telephone bhonetic 2.

phonograph In Spanish ‘‘th” becomes L. Ci,

TH

fondgrafo

I?

T

ENGLISH

SPANISH

cathedral author authentic methodist catholic

catedral autor auténtico metodista catélico

3. The only letters that are doubled in Spanish are ‘ “ p ’ and “ r p DOUBLE ONLY L, R

DJ

All other letters, such as “ss, pp, mm, nn, tt, fi’ (except “1,” “ r ’ ) , which are doubled in English, become single letters in Spanish. EXAMPLES: ENGLISH

SPANISH

commission

comision

apparent

aparente anual

annual

attractive different

atractiv o

diferente

8

Lesson Number O n e

You will find “cc” in Spanish but this is not a double “ e . ? Each “c” is pronounced separately since each belongs to a different syllable. The first “c” has a “k™ sound and the .2) sound. second, an 6 6“s’”’

correction = correccion

The two “c’s” go into separate syllables in the following way:

correc—cion mnstruc—cién construc—cion

4. In Spanish “tion” always becomes “cion.” TION = CION ENGLISH

SPANISH

convention

convencion

conventional

convencional

Following are long lists of words that you get free, without toil or struggle, in your very first Spanish lesson. G o through the lists

reading each word aloud. These words are wonderful because you don’t have to memorize them or even study them to any

extent. By the time you have read the lists aloud you will have mastered the technique of making up words in each of the five different categories. For a complete explanation of stresses and accents see page 448. CATEGORY |

Words that end in “or” are often identical in Spanish and English. the doctor = el doctor

actor agresor ardor

coautor (coauthor) color

error exterior favor

humor inferior inspector

autor

conductor

fervor

instructor

(author)

director

furor

interior

candor censor

doctor editor

honor horror

motor opresor

9

Leccién Numero Uno pastor

rumor

tractor

vapor

profesor

sector

tumor

(steam)

protector

superior

tutor

vigor

valor tenor reflector Some words that end in ““tor” in English end in “dor” in

Spanish. TOR = DOR

the senator = el senador acelerador colaborador creador

dictador educador elevador

generador investigador operador

orador radiador ventilador

CATEGORY II Words that end in “al” are often identical in Spanish and English. abdominal accidental

constitucional

animal anual arsenal artificial

continent al convencional

beneficial brutal

canal

capital cardina l carnal catedral

(constitutional) (exceptional)

credencial criminal cristal

(crystal) cultural

decimal

central cereal ceremonial colonial colosal

dental editorial educacional

comercial condicional

(educational) electoral elemental emocional

(emotional)

(conditiona l)

episcopal

confidencial

esencial (essential)

(confidential)

experimental facial

(conventional) fatal federal coral festival cordial final corral

(cathedral)

(colossal)

excepcional

imperial industrial infernal informal micial

(initial)

formal

instrumental intelectual intencional

fraternal

(intentional)

frugal fundamental funeral general gradual

internacional

gramatical

legal

(grammatical)

liberal literal local manual material matrim onial mate rnal medici nal mental

gutural horizontal hospital ideal

ilegal (illegal) imparcial (impartial)

(international) intestinal irracional

(irrational)

10

Lesson Number O n e

metal

original

provincial

sentimental

monumental

ornamental

provisional

social

moral

parcial

puntual

superficial

mortal

(partial)

(punctual)

terminal

municipal

pastoral

racial

total

mural

paternal

racional

tradicional

musical

pedal

(rational)

(traditional)

nacional (national) natural naval neutral normal ocasional oficial oral oriental

pedestal personal plural portal postal potencial (potential) principal profesional

radical regional residencial (residential) rival rural sensacional (sensational) sensual

trivial tropical universal vertical visual vital vocal jovial judicial

Note: The l e t t e r “j” is always pronounced “h” in Spanish. ExaMpLE: “jovial” is pronounced ‘‘hovial.”

Some words that end in “cal” in English end in *‘co” in Spanish. CAL = CO logical = légico clasico cémico

fisico (physical)

mecanico (mechanical)

politico practico

econémico

histérico

médico

técnico

ético

(hysterical)

metddico

(technical)

(ethical)

idéntico

(methodical)

tipico (typical)

C A T E G O R Y Illi

Words that end in “ble” are often identical in Spanish and English. the cable = el cable

abominable aceptable (acceptable) adaptable

admirable

adorable

afable

cable comparable curable

deplorable detestable durable explicable favorable

formidable honorable ilimitable imaginable impenetrable

Leccién Numero Uno impregnable improbable inalterable incalculable

incomparable incurable inefable inestimable inevitable

inexplicable inflamable inimitable insaciable

inseparable interminable

intolerable irreparable irreprochable irrevocable

irritable lamentable laudable

miserable navegable noble notable presentable

probable respetable (respectable)

responsable (responsible) sociable tolerable vanable venerable vulnerable accesible admisible

compatible digestible dirigible flexible horrible

imperceptible imposible incompatible infalible intangible invisible irresistible plausible posible preferible susceptible tangible

terrible visible

CATEGORY IV

Add the letter

“0”

t o words that end in “ic” i n English.

académico

cromatico

fotografico

acrobatico

galico

acuatico aeronautico

democratico diabético -

diagnéstico

agnostico

dinamico

alegérico

diplomético

anémico

dogmatico dramatico dréstico econdémico elastico eléctrico

hipnético histérico idiomatico irénico litogréfico

antiséptico aristocratico aromatico arsénico Atlantic o atémico auténtico

enciclopédico enigmatico

(authentic)

erético

autocratico Baltico britanico burocratico

evangélico

geografico

magico

magnético mecanico melodramatico

metalico metalargico microscopico monastico mosaico narcético

pacifico paralitico patridtico plastico platénico plutocratico |

prehistérico

profético proli fico prosaico

publico romantico rastico sarcastico sardonico sinfénico teutonico ténico

caustico

excéntrico exotico fanatico fantastico

cientifico

filantrépico

optico

tépico tragico transatlantico

(scientific)

filarménico fonético

organico ortopédico

tropico volcanico

cosmético

neurotico nostalgico

12

Lesson Number O n e CATEGORY

V

A d d the letter “e” to words that end in “ent” o r

“ant”

in

English. ENT = ENTE

the agent = el agente accidente adolescente

agente

astringente cliente competente continente

contingente conveniente decadente decente

deficiente diferente

diligente eficiente elocuente

eminente equivalente evidente excelente frecuente (frequent)

indiferente indolente indulgente inherente insistente insolente

impaciente (impatient) imprudente

insuficiente inteligente intermitente

incidente irreverente incompetente negligente inconsistente ~~ occidente inconveniente oriente indecente paciente independiente (patient) (independent) patente

permanente potente

precedente presente

presidente proficiente

prominente prudente reciente (recent) suficiente superintendente tangente

transparente urgente vehemente

(eloquent) Note: Words that end in “ment” are changed into Spanish by adding the letter “0.”

M E N T = MENTO the instrument = el instrumento

el implemento el monumento el armamento

el linimento el fragmento el testamento

el temperamento el suplemento el sacramento

ANT = ANTE

the restaurant = el restaurante abundante consonante constante dominante

consultante elefante elegante ignorante

importante incesante instante intolerante

lubricante radiante restaurante significante

Get some 3” by 5” cards at your stationer’s and copy the material that is shown on the sample below on one of them. Carry the

13

Leccién Nomero Uno

card with you, in your pocket or purse, and glance at it during your spare moments (on the bus, while you are waiting for people, etc.). Each time you look at it try t o make up several words in each category aside from those that are listed on the card. REMINDER CARD 1 I . O R (identical) el doctor el actor

II. A L (identical) el animal

personal III. B L E (identical) el cable

probable IV. I C =I1CO el Atlantico eléctric o

V. ENT = ENTE ANT = ANTE

el presidente excelente el restaurante importante

Throughout your study of Spanish carry cards as reminders. Glance at them once in a while and you will progress twice as fast as you would without them.

2 Leccio

u m e r o Dos

el doctor

CATEGORY VI

ou can convert many English words that end i n “ist” into

Spanish words by adding the letter “a” to them. IST = ISTA

el pianista el violinista el dentista

the pianist = el pianista un artista el oculista un novelista el capitalista el comunista

u n optimista

CATEGORY VII

You can convert many English words that end in “ous” nto Spanish words by changing the “ous” to “oso.”

Leccién Nimero Dos

15

OUS = O 8 0

famous = famoso Curioso delicioso famoso

gEeneroso glorioso ambicioso

melodioso religioso pomposo

C A T E G O R Y Vill

I f a word ends in “tion” i n English you can convert i t into

Spanish simply by changing the “t” to “c.”

TION = CION the action = la accion

la descripcidn la admiracién la anticipacion la exageracion

la civilizacién la circulacion la constitucién la generacion

la cooperacién la distribucion una invitacion la institucion

WORDS TO REMEMBER

el programa, the program el rosbif, the roast beef

paciente,patient interesante, interesting

el biftec, the beefsteak

muy, very

en, i n ; m i , m y

e n m i opinién, in m y opinion

CONVERSACION

cEs popular el pianista? Si, el pianista es popular. ¢Es inteligente el pianista?

Si, el pianista es inteligente.

E s inteligente el novelista? Si, el novelista es inteligente. ¢Es

curioso el novelista? Si, el novelista es muy curioso. ¢Es curioso el dentista? Si, el dentista es muy curioso.

16

Lesson Number T w o

¢Es excepcional el artista? Si, el artista es excepcional.

¢Es famoso el presidente? Si, el presidente es muy famoso. ¢Es famoso el general?

Si, el general es muy famoso. ¢Eis ambicioso el pianista?

Si, el pianista es muy ambicioso. ¢Es ambicioso el artista?

Si, el artista es muy ambicioso.

¢Es 1mpaciente el doctor? Ay no, el doctor no es impaciente. El doctor es muy paciente. ¢Es impaciente el dentista?

A y no, el dentista no es impaciente. E l dentista es muy paciente. ¢I s

paciente el artista? Si, el artista es muy paciente. ¢ Es inteligente el artista?

Si, el artista es muy inteligente. ¢Es generoso el doctor?

Si, en m i opinidn, el doctor es muy generoso. ¢Es generoso el dentista?

Si, en m i opinidn, el dentista es muy generoso.

: Es interesante el novelista? Si, en m i opinidn, el novelista es muy interesante. ¢Es interesante el general? Si, en m i opinién, el general es muy interesante. ¢Es interesante el programa? Si, en m i opinion, el programa es muy interesante. ¢ Es delicioso el rosbif?

Si, el rosbif es delicioso.

¢Es delicioso el biftec? Si, el biftec es delicioso.

17

Leccion NGmero Dos S E N T E N C E - F O R M I N G EXERCISE

For practice, combine the words in the columns below in different ways to form as many sentences as you can. Just be sure to use words from each of the three columns in every sentence you form. 2 1 3 E l dentista E l artista E l oculista

Curioso

€S

no

famoso generoso ambicioso pomposo

¢€5§

El pianista E l violinista E l novelista E l capitalis ta

u n optimista u n pesimista

E l comunista

un animal

E l socialista E l optimista

importante inteligente

El presidente

excelente

El El El El

paciente

doctor conductor cable hotel

impaciente excepcional ternble

democratico diplomatico delicioso urgente

E l restaurante

El El El El

hospital rosbif biftec estudiante

industrioso

El programa

interesante

EXERCISE I N T R A N S L A T I O N Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Write out each

in Spanish, using the columns above as a guide. After you have written out the sentences, check with the correct translations below this exercise. sentence

Sh

BN

I.

The pianist is famous. The artist is ambitious. The doctor is generous. The novelist is intelligent. T h e hotel is excellent. ‘The doctor is very patient.

7. The roast beef is delicious. 8. The beefsteak is delicious. 9. I n my opinion, the restaurant 10.

is excellent. The program is very interesting.

18

Lesson Number Two

Check your sentences with the correct translations below. 2.

E l pianista es famoso. E l artista es ambicloso.

3. 4. 5. 6.

El doctor es generoso. El novelista es inteligente. El hotel es excelente. El doctor es muy paciente.

1.

7. E l rosbif es delicioso. 8. E l biftec es delicioso.

9. En m i opinidn, el restaurante es excelente. 1 0 . El programa es muy interesante.

In Spanish we have both masculine and feminine words. Masculine words take the articles “el” (the) or “un” (a, an). E X A M P L E S:

el doctor, the doctor el actor, the actor el dentista, the dentist el cable, the cable el animal, the animal

u n doctor, a doctor un actor, an actor un dentista, a dentist u n cable, a cable u n animal, an animal

The feminine articles are “la” (the) and “una” (a, an). Spanish words that end in “i6n” are feminine and consequently take the feminine articles “la” and “una.” EXAMPLES:

la conversacion, the conversation

una conversacién, a conversation.

la opinion, the opinion

una opinion, an opinion

la celebraciéon, the celebra- una celebracién, a celebration tion CATEGORY Vii

Remember that if a word ends in “tion” in English, change the “t” to “c” and, presto, you have a Spanish word. T I O N = CION the nation = la nacién

“La” means ‘“‘the’”’; “una” means “a, an.” la informacién la constitucion

una invitacion una institucidén

la operacién la preparacion

una indicacién una composicién

Leccion NUmero Dos

19

|

la produccién

una accién, an action

una reaccion la construccién If a word ends in “sion” in English, it ends in *“si6n’’ in Spanish also. But don’t forget that you never have a double *s” in Spanish. S I O N = SION

una commision una discusion una decisién

la confusién la conclusion l a confesidén

Notice that words which end in *“16n”’ are feminine. The accent indicates O N L Y that the accented letter should be

stressed. Notice that the final “ 0 ” of every “ion” word has an accent. CATEGORY VI

Add the letter “a” t o words that end in “ist” in English. IST = ISTA

the dentist = el dentista el artista el capitalista

el idealista la lista

el comunista el dentista

el materialista el oportunista el reservista el metodista el optimista el socialista

el economista el evangelista

(methodist) el modernista

el organista el pacifista

el telegrafista el turista

el naturalista

el moralista

el pesimista

(tourist)

el guitarrista

la florista

el pianista

el novelista el oculista

el publicista el pugilista

CATEGORY Vii

Change “ous” to “oso.” OUS = 0 8 0 delicious = delicioso ambicioso fabuloso impetuoso amoroso famoso industrioso bilioso ceremonioso contagioso curioso delicioso

furioso generoso glorioso gracioso imperioso

ingenioso laborioso luminoso malicioso melodioso

meticuloso misterioso (mysterious) monstruoso nebuloso nervioso (nervous)

20

Lesson Number Two __

numeroso

poroso

supersticloso

odioso

precioso

pomposo populoso

prodigioso religioso

vicioso victorioso

Virtuoso voluminoso

voluptuoso

Vigoroso

CATEGORY Viii

Change “tion” to “cién.” I n general, words which end in “ion’’ in English also end in “i6n” in Spanish. T I O N = CION SION = SION

the combination = la combinacién l a abrevia cién la abstencién la abstraccién la accion la adhesién la admi nistra c16n la admirac ién

la complexién la composicién la compresién la compulsién

la convulsion la cooperacién la coordinacién la corrupcién

la diversién la divisién

la duplicacién la edicién la eleccién la elevacién la eliminacién la emocién

la comunicacion la creacidon l a concentracidon la cultivacién la concepcién la decisién la concesién la declaracién la decoracién la conclusién la evaporacién la adopcién la dedicacién la condicién la evasion la adulacié n la deducciéon la confesién la exageracién Ja ambicién la excavacién la amputacién la confirmacién la definicion la degeneracién la excepcion la anticipacién la confusién la congestién la degradacién la exclamacion la asociacién la conglomera- la deliberacidon la exhibicién la atencién la depresién la expansion cién la autorizacion la congregacidn la descripcién la expedicién la aversién la explosion la conjugacion la desolacidn la aviacién la capitulacién la consideracién la determinacién la exportacién la exposicién la consolacién la devocidon la celebracién la expresion la constelacion la diccién la circulaciéon 12 extension la constitucién la digestion la civilizacidn la federacién la clasificacién la construccién I a dimensién la formacion la direccién la coagulacién la contagién la generacion Ja colaboracién la continuacién la discrecion la 1lusién la contradiccién Ia discusién la coleccidon la ilustrac ion la contribucién la distincién la comisién la imaginacién la distraccién la compasion la conversion la compensacién la conviccién la distribucién la 1mitacién

2)

Leccién NUmero Dos EN

la implicacién la meditacién la presentaciéon la reservacién la impresion ~~ la mencién la preservacién la resolucién la inauguracién la misién la pretensiéon la reunién la inclinacién la moderacién la prevencién la revelacién la indicacion la multiplicacién la procesién la revolucién la indigestién

la municién

la indiscrecién la nacién

la proclamacién la rotacién

la produccién

la satisfaccién

la infeccién

la navegacién la profesion

la inflamacién la informacion la iniciacién la inoculacién

la nutricién la obligacién la observacién la obsesién

la pronunciacién la seccién la propagacién la seduccién la proporcién la seleccién la proposicién la sensacidn

lainscripcién

la obstruccién

la propulsién

la separacién

la proteccién la provisién la publicacién la radiacion la reaccién

la sesion la situacion la solucién la subscripcion la supersticion

la insinuacién la ocasién la inspeccién ~~ la ocupacién la inspiracién la operacién la instalacién la opinién la institucién la oposicién

la saturacién

la suposicién la rebelidn la instruccion la opresion la organizacién la recepcién la tensidn la intencién la recomenda- la traccién la intervencién la ovacién cidn la introduccidon la participacién la recreacién la pasion la intuicién la penetracién la reduccién la invasién

la invencion

la pension

la reeleccion

la tradicidén la transaccién la transcripcién

la transforma-

cién la investigacién la perfecciéon la reflexién la persecucion la refrigeracién la transportacién la invitacion la vacacion la persuasién la regién la irrigacién la irritacidn la peticién la relacion la variacién la vegetacidn la religién la posesién la legion la remuneracién la veneracion la posicién la liberacién la ventilacion la repeticion la precision la limitacion la lubricacién la preocupacién la representacionla version la manipulacién la preparacién la reproduccién la vision la preposicién la mansién

Turn over the reminder card that you filled out in Lesson I. Copy the material that is shown on the sample below onto your

first card. Each time you look at your card try to make up several words in each of the eight categones.

29

Lesson Number Two REMINDER CARD 2 VI. IST = ISTA el dentista el pianista

VII. OUS = 0 S O delicioso famoso

VIII. TION = CION SION = SION la invitacion Ja conversacion la nacién la accion la discusion

3 Leccion

NUmero Tres

l a casa

()

T H E P A S T TENSE

rdinarily, the present tense is taught first because it comes

first in the order of the language. But I feel that the past tense will be more useful to you at this point. So, at the risk of exposing myself to that dreadful epithet, unorthodox, I am jumping feet first with you into the past tense. Once you have mastered it you will have the narrative language that you use every day with your friends. You will be able to tell what you did and saw and how it impressed you. “ I did” this or that is the beginning of a story, whereas “ I do” thus and such is apt to stop you cold. “ I eat a lot” can only be followed by a few unpleasant remarks, but ‘‘Last

night I had dinner with Joe” opens up endless possibilities.

S O M E E A S Y VERBS

There are over two hundred nouns that end in *““acién” that

can be converted into verbs if you simply remove the **aciéon™ and add verb endings.

24

Lesson Numbe r Three EXAMPL ES:

Take the noun Remove the “ACION” Add the letter “E”

: PREPARACION, preparation : PREPAR : PREPARE,I prepared

la preparacién

A D D “E” “ACION” preparé,I prepared (prepar)

la celebracién

(celebr)

celebré, I celebrated

la invitacion

(invit)

invité, I invited

la combinacién

(combin)

combiné, I combined

la conversacion

(convers)

converse, I conversed

la presentacion

(present)

presenté, I presented

REMOVE

NOUNS

“Yo” is the word for “I” in Spanish, but it is frequently dropped.

Take the noun Remove the “ACION”

: PREPARACION

Add the letter “O”

: PREPARO, you prepared

: PREPAR

“Usted” means ‘“‘you,” but it is frequently dropped. REMOVE

NOUNS

la celebracién la invitacién la combinacién la conversacién la presentacion

“ACION”

(celebr) (init) (combin) (convers) (present)

ADD

“0”

celebrd, you celebrated invitd, you invited combiné, you combined conversd, you conversed presento, you presented

Usted prepard. You prepared ;Prepar6 usted? Did you prepare? ¢Invité usted? Did you invite? Usted invit6. You invited Usted presentd. You presented ;Present6 usted? Did you present?

Notice that the word order is inverted in questions. “Usted” (you) is frequently dropped, but we’ll use it in this lesson so that you will get used to the inverted order of words in questions. PAST T E N S E ENDINGS

For the first person ( I ) - For the second person (you)

E O

25

Leccion Ndmero Tres W O R D S TO REMEM BER

la leccion, the lesson

en, in

la clase, the class la cena, supper, dinner la casa, the house para, for

mi, my su, your esta mafiana, this morning esta tarde, this afternoon

PREPARE,I prepared NO PREPARE,I didn’t prepare (PREPARO USTED? Did you prepare? CONVERSACION ¢Preparé usted la leccién?

Si, preparé la leccion. ¢Preparé usted la leccion esta maiiana?

Si, preparé la leccién esta mafiana.

¢Prepar6 usted la leccion para la clase? Si, preparé la leccion para la clase. ¢Preparé usted la cena? Si, preparé la cena. ;Preparo6 usted la cena esta mafiana? No, no preparé la cena esta mafiana. ¢Preparé usted la cena esta tarde?

Si, preparé la cena esta tarde. ¢Preparo usted la cena en el club?

No, no preparé la cena en el club.

:Preparé usted la cena en el hotel? No, no preparé la cena en el hotel. ¢Prepar6 usted la cena en su casa? Si, preparé la cena en m i casa. S E N T E N C E - F O R M I N G EXERCISE

For practice, combine the words below in different ways to form as many sentences as you can. Just be sure to use words

from each of the three columns in every sentence you form.

26

Lesson Number Three

|

1 :Prepar6 usted? (Did you prepare?) Preparé ( I prepared) N o preparé ( I didn’t prepare)

2 3 lalecciébn esta mafiana la cena esta tarde para la clase en el club en el hotcl

en m i casa EXERCISE I N T R A N S L A T I O N

Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Write

out

each sentence in Spanish, using the columns above as a guide. After you have written out all the sentences check with the correct translations below this exercise. 1.

I prepared the lesson this

7. D i d you prepare (the) din-

2.

morning. I prepared (the) dinner.

ner? 8. Did you prepare the lesson this morning?

3. 1 prepared the lesson for the

class. 4. 1 didn’t prepare (the) dinner this afternoon. 5. I didn’t prepare the lesson this morning. 6. Did you prepare the lesson?

g. Did you prepare (the) dinner this afternoon? 1 0 . D i d you prepare the lesson 11.

for the class? Did you prepare the lesson this afternoon?

Check your sentences with the correct translations below. 1.

2.

Preparé la

manana.

leccibn esta

7. ;Preparé usted la cena? 8. ;Prepar6 usted la leccién

Preparé la cena.

3. Preparé la leccion para la

esta manana?

9. ;Prepard usted la cena esta

clase. 4. N o preparé la cena esta

tarde. 5. No preparé la leccién esta manana.

tarde? 10.

;Prepard usted la leccién

11.

para la clase? ;Prepar6 usted la leccion esta tarde?

6. ¢Preparé usted la leccién? Note: I n English the word “dinner” can mean either the evening meal or the noonday meal. I n Spanish “cena” is ONLY the evening meal. “Cena” actually means “supper.”

Ki Leccion Numero Cuatro

IN =F

4

=

:

»

p—

/

el avion

CATEGORY I X ou can convert many English words that end in “ty” into

Spanish words by changing the “ty” to “dad.” TY = DAD la curiosidad

la comunidad la dignidad

the capacity = la capacidad la prosperidad la electricidad la publicidad la humanidad la variedad la personalidad

W O R D S TO R E M E M B E R café, coffee

el tren, the train

una ensalada, a salad

el avién, the airplane el aeropuerto, the airport

una aspirina, an aspirin

la estacion, the station

eso es ridiculo, that is ridiculous

anoche, last night

~ sopa, soup

el taxi, the tax:

28

Lesson Number Four

TOME, I took N O TOME, I didn’t take T O M O USTED? Did you take?

I n Spanish the verb “to take” is used t o express eating and drinking. We say, “I took dinner,” instead of, “ I had dinner,” “I took coffee” instead of “I had coffee.” CONVERSACION ¢Tomo

usted café esta mafiana? (Did you have [take] coffee this morning?) Si, tomé café esta manana. (Yes, I had [took] coffee this morning.)

¢Tomé usted café en el restaurante?

Si, tomé café en el restaurante. ¢Tomo usted la cena en el restaurante?

No, n o tomé la cena en el restaurante. Y / ¢Tomo usted rosbif?

Si, tomé rosbif.

IN

|o

7

Ab

: Tomo usted biftec? No, no tomé biftec. ¢Tomo usted sopa? Si, tomé€ sopa. : Tomo usted una ensalada? Si, tomé una ensalada.

: Tomo usted una aspirina? Ay no, eso es ridiculo, no tomé una aspirina. Tomé rosbif, sopa, una ensalada, etc. (etcétera) ¢Preparé usted la cena anoche? Si, preparé la cena anoche. : Tomo usted un taxi esta mafiana? Si, tomé u n taxi estamanana. : Tomé usted u n tren en la estacién? No, n o tomé u n tren en la estacion.

: Tomé usted un avién en el aeropuerto? No, no tomé un avién en el aeropuerto.

20

Leccion Numero Cuatro FU

ME

_

S E N T E N C E - F O R M I N G EXERCISE

For practice, combine the words below in different ways t o form as many sentences as you can. Just be sure to use words from each of the three columns in every sentence you form. 3 2 1 ¢Tomo usted café esta mafiana (Did you take?) No, no tomé

rosbif biftec

esta tarde anoche

(No, I didn’t take) ‘Tomé

la cena sopa

en el hotel en el restaurante

( I took)

una ensalada

en la clase

una aspirina chocolate té (tea)

en el club en la estacién en el aeropuerto

una Pepsi Cola

en el tren

un sandwich el tren el avion

en el avién

u n taxi

Notice that you don’t say “at the club.” I n Spanish you must never say you are “at” places. You are always “in” places, such

as “in the airport, in the club,” etc. EXERCISE IN TRANSLATION

Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Write out each sentence in Spanish, using the columns above as a guide. After

you have written out all the sentences check with the correct translations below this exercise. Remember that in Spanish you can never say, “ I had coffee”; you must always say, “I took coffee.” I n the sentences below you will find the word “took” in parentheses to remind you to use “tomé” or “toms.” 5. I had (took) a sandwich i n 1 . I had (took) roast beef. the station. 2 . I had (took) a salad in the restaurant. 6. I took an aspirin this morning. 3. I had (took) soup. 7. I took a taxi this afternoon. 4. I had (took) tea at (in) the club.

30

kesson Number Four

8. I didn’t have (take) beef-

13.

steak.

at (in) the club?

9. I took the plane a t (in) the 10.

11. 12.

Did you have (take) coffee

14.

Did you take an aspirin?

airport.

15. D i d you take a taxi?

Did you have (take) soup? Did youhave (take) asalad? Did you have (take) dinner

16. Did you take the train? 1 7 . Did you take the plane?

at (in) the airport?

Check your sentences with the correct translations below. 1 . Tomé rosbif. 9. Tomé el avién en el aero2 . Tomé una ensalada en el puerto. restaurante. 1 0 . ¢ Tomo usted sopa? 3. Tomé sopa. 1 1 . ¢ Tomo usted una ensalada? 4. Tomé té en el club. 1 2 . ; Tomé usted la cena en el 5. Tomé u n sandwich en la aeropuerto? estacién. 13. ;Tomé usted café en el 6. Tomé una aspirina esta club? maiiana. 1 4 . ¢ Tomo usted una aspirina? 7. Tomé un taxi esta tarde. 15. ¢ Tomo usted un taxi? 8. N o tomé biftec.

16. ; Tomé usted el tren? 17. ¢ Tomo usted el aviéon?

Copy the following material on a card. Carry the card with you and glance at it whenever you have a chance. REMINDER CARD 3 ¢Tomo usted

(Did you take?) W RY ~ No, n o tomé (No, I didn’t SN take)

=

J

‘N A

|

Tomé ( I took)

esta mafiana

café la cena sopa unaensalada

esta tarde anoche en el hotel

una aspirina chocolate

en la clase en el club

té

e n el tren

u n sandwich

en el avion

un taxi el tren

en la estacion en el restaurante

el avin

Leccion Numero Cuatro

31 —

—_—

CATEGORY IX

You have already seen how you can convert many English words that end in *ty” into Spanish words by changing the “ty” to “dad.” Some of these words are seldom used in English but are common words in Spanish, For example, the Spanish word for

“speed” is “velocidad” (velocity). I n the following list you will find the word “speed” under “velocidad” to show that *“velocidad” is the common, everyday word for “speed” in Spanish. Whenever a common Spanish word appears among these categories that has a slightly different use from the corresponding

English word, the common English word will be written under it. EXAMPLE: debilidad (weakness) TY = DAD the university = la universidad la generalidad la debilidad la actividad la hospitalidad (weakness) la adversidad la hostilidad la dignidad la afinidad la humanidad la diversidad la agilidad la identidad la divinidad la atrocidad la imparcialidad la elasticidad la austeridad la inferioridad la electricidad la autoridad la imposibilidad la eternidad (authority) la individualidad la extremidad la brutalidad la infidelidad la facilidad la calamidad la inmensidad (ease) la capacidad la caridad

la familiaridad

(immensity)

(charity) la castidad (chastity) la cavidad la celebridad la ciudad (city) la claridad la compatibilidad la comunidad la cordialidad la crueldad

la fatalidad la felicidad (happiness) la fertilidad la festividad la fidelidad la finalidad la flexibilidad la formalidad la fraternidad la frivolidad la futilidad la frugalidad

la inmoralidad (immorality) la inmortalidad (tmmortality) la integridad la intensidad la localidad la maternidad la moralidad la infinidad la mortalidad la municipalidad

l a curiosidad

la nacionalidad

Lesson Numbe r Four

32 la necesidad (need) la obesidad la obscenidad la obscuridad (darkness)

la originalidad la personalidad la perversidad

la popularidad la posibilidad la profanidad la prosperidad la proximidad

la publicidad

la serenidad la severidad

la unanimidad la unidad la universidad la utilidad la variedad la velocidad

la simplicidad

(speed)

la sinceridad la sociabilidad la sociedad la tenacidad

la veracidad la versatilidad 1a vinilidad la visibilidad 1a vitalidad

la tranquilidad

la vivacidad

1a realidad la regularidad

la responsabilidad

la susceptibilidad la trinidad

5 Leccion N u m e r o Cinco

mamd y papd

CATEGORY X ou can convert many English words that end in “ry” into Spanish words by changing the “ry” to “rio.”

RY = RIO the canary = el canario aniversario

extraordinario

imaginario

contrario necesario

literario diccionario

itinerario involuntario

CATEGORY XI

You can convert some English words that end in “em” or “am” into Spanish words by adding the letter “a.”

EM = EMA A M = AMA

34

Lesson Number Five

|

el programa el telegrama

el cablegrama el problema

el poema el sistema

WORDS TO REMEMBER

u n amigo, a friend la fiesta, the party

al, to the (masc.), a contraction of “ a el”

esta mafiana, this morning

al cine, to the movies

esta tarde, this afternoon

esta

e l cine, the movies

Roberto, Robert

el teatro, the theatre

su mam4, your mother

a, to

a la fiesta, to the party

noche, fonight (this night)

a la, to the (fem.)

INVITE, I

invited

VISITE, I visited

N O INVITE, I didn’t invite

N O VISITE, I didn’t visit

JANVITO USTED? Did you invite?

¢VISITO USTED? Did you visit?

Invité a Roberto. I invited Robert. Visité a Roberto. I visited Robert.

“Invité” and “visité’”’ are followed by the letter “a.” This “a” is called the personal “a” because it is used when PERSONS follow verbs.

CONVERSACION

¢Invito usted a su mama al cine? Si, invité a m i mama al cine.

¢Invitd usted a un amigo al cine? Si, invité a u n amigo al cine esta noche.

¢Invité usted a u n amigo al teatro? Si, invité a u n amigo al teatro. ¢Invité usted a u n amigo a la clase esta manana? Si, invité a u n amigo a la clase esta manana.

: Invit6 usted al profesor a su casa esta noche? Si, invité al profesor a m i casa esta noche.

Leccion Ndmero Cinco

35

¢Invito usted a Roberto a su casa? Si, invité a Roberto a m i casa. ¢Invité usted al profesor a la fiesta?

Si, invité al profesor a la fiesta. ¢ Visit

usted al profesor esta mafiana? Si, visité al profesor esta mafiana.

¢

Visito usted al presidente en la Casa Blanca (the White House)

en Washington?

No, no visité al presidente en la Casa Blanca en Washington. S E N T E N C E - F O R M I N G EXERCISES

Combine the words below in different ways to form as many sentences as you can. Just be sure to use words from each of the

three columns in every sentence you form. Notice again that “visité” and “‘invité” are followed by the personal “a.” A 2

1 ¢Invit6 usted a

3

S u mama

al teatro

m i mama su papa m i papa un amigo Roberto

Invité a No invité a

al cine a la fiesta a la clase a m i casa esta manana esta tarde esta noche

1 ¢ Visito usted a Visité a

B 2 Roberto su mama

3 esta manana esta tarde

No visité a

m i papa

esta noche

EXERCISE I N T R A N S L A T I O N

Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Write out each sentence in Spanish, using the columns above as a guide. After

36

Lesson Number Five

you have written out all the sentences check with the correct

translations below this exercise. I invited my mother t o the Movies. 2 , I invited your mother to the party. 3. I invited Robert t o the movies tonight. 1.

7. Did you visit my mother this morning? 8. Did you wvisit Robert tonight? ¢ . Did you invite Robert t o the party?

4. I visited your mother this morning.

10.

Did you invite a friend to the class?

5. I visited Robert this afternoon. 6. Did you visit my father this

11.

Did you invite your mother t o the movies? Did you invite your father t o

12.

the theatre?

afternoon?

Check your sentences with the correct translations below. 1.

Invité a m i mama al cine.

Invité a su mama a la fiesta. 3. Invité a Roberto al cine esta noche. 2.

4. Visitt

a

su

mama

esta

manana. 5. Visité a Roberto esta tarde.

8. ¢ Visit usted a Roberto esta

noche? 9. ¢Invité usted a Roberto a la fiesta? 10.

¢Invitéd usted a u n amigo a

11.

la clase? ;Invitd usted a su mama al

6. ; Visit6 usted a m i papa esta tarde? 7. ¢ Visité usted a m i

cine? 12.

mama

;Invité usted a su papa al teatro?

esta manan a?’

I n Spanish we do not say “Visité a el doctor”; instead, we say “Visité al doctor.” T h e word “al” is a contraction of “a” and 4

el.b EXAMP LES:

Visité al doctor. Visité al novelista.

Visité al dentista. Invité al profesor a la fiesta.

Copy the material that is shown on the sample below onto a card. Carry the card with you and glance at it whenever you get a chance.

37

Leccion Nimer o Cinco REMINDER CARD 4

su mama

¢Invité usted a

(Did

you invite?)

N o invitéa ( I didn’t invite)

m i mama

al teatro al cine

su papa

a la fiesta

m i papa u n amigo

a la clase a m i casa esta manana

Roberto Invitéa

esta tarde

( I invited)

esta noche

anoche (last night) Not:

“Mam” and “papa” are informal words like “mom”

and “dad.” “Madre” (mother) and “padre” (father) are more formal.

CATEGORY X

You can convert many English words that end in “ry” into Spanish words by changing the “ry” to “rio.”

R Y = RIO the canary = el canario adversario aniversario

salario

emisario extraordinario fragmentario

mercenario monetario necesario

secretario secundario

(necessary)

seminario

(comment)

glosario (glossary)

contrario

hereditario

solitario sumario

culinario

imaginario

notario obituario ordinario

diario

incendiario

parlamentario

(diary, daily)

involuntario

primario

diccionario

itinerario laboratorio literario

reaccionario revolucionario

canario comentario

dignitari o

disciplinario

rosario

suplementario temporario tributario veterinario visionario voluntario

Some of the above words may be made feminine simply by changing the final “0” to “a.” €¢

3)

EXAMPLE S:

el secretario (masc.), la secretaria (fem.,)

38

Lesson Number Five CATEGORY X I

You can convert some English words that end in “em, am,” “om” into Spanish words by adding the letter “a.” el emblema el sistema cl diagrama el programa el idioma el poema el epigrama el telegrama el cablegrama el monograma el problema (the language) 2

¢¢

Some words that end in “ma” are alike in English and Spanish: el drama, el panorama, el dilema. “El clima’” means “the climate.”

6 Leccion

NUmero Seis

el teléfono

PAST TENSE (PRETERITE) ~

ou have already learned that if you are speaking of yourself you must end the verb in “é.” EXAMPLES:

preparé, I prepared tomé, I took visité, I visited

invité, I invited

When speaking of anybody but yourself (singular), you must end verbs in the letter “46.” EXAMPLES.

Roberto prepard la leccién. Robert prepared the lesson. El doctor tomé un taxi. T he doctor took a taxi.

El general visité al presidente. The general visited the president. ¢Prepard usted la cena? Did you prepare dinner? Remember, then, that if you speak of yourself you must end

the verb in “é” and if you speak of anyone else (singular) you must end the verb in “4.” This is easy to remember if you say a kind of jingle to yourself: “ E for me, O for others.”

40

Lesson Number Six

I n order to help you connect the letter “6” with everything and everybody in the world (except yourself), I have devised a figure which I call the third man. Every time the third man appears before a verb, you can be sure that the verb must certainly end

in the letter “6.” Allow me t o present the third man:

0 The third man is really the figure of a sleeping man wearing a sombrero. The figure has been drawn in the shape of a number 3 and will appear in the rest of the lessons like this: 8 .

The third man 1s a versatile fellow. He represents EVERYTHING and EVERYBODY in the world except you. When speaking of a star, a flower, a table, Julius Caesar, or your Aunt Sarah you must use the third man form, that is, you must end

the verb in the letter “6.” You already know hundreds and hundreds of verbs in English that are also Spanish verbs if you change them very slightly.

“Visité” and “invité” are like the English verbs “visited” and “invited” with the letter “d”’ dropped. There are a great many

verbs in English that can be changed into Spanish in the same way. Following is a list of these verbs that you can learn virtually

a glance. Notice the little drawing of the third man before every third man form below. at

THIRD M A N F O R M

FIRST PERSON

usé,I used

8 usd, you, he, she used

voté, I voted

8 votb, you, he, she voted

inventé, I invented

8 inventd, you, he, she invented

importé, I imported copié, I copied curé, I cured examiné,I examined

8 8 8 8

noté, I noted, noticed presenté, I presented

8 notd, you, he, she noted, noticed 8 presentd, you, he, she presented

comparé,I compared

8 compard, you, he, she compared

importd, you, ke, she imported copib, you, he, she copied curd, you, he, she cured examin, you, he, she examined

11

Leccion NUmero Seis combiné, I combined causé, I caused

deposité, I deposited

8 combind, you, he, she combined 8 causb, you, he, she caused

depositd, you, he, she deposited insultd, you, he, she insulted plantb, you, he, she planted patent, you, he, she patented

patenté, I patented

8 8 8 8

cancelé, I canceled

8 canceld, you, he, she canceled

insulté, I insulted planté, I planted

8 continud, you, he, she continued There are other verbs that are slightly different from their English equivalents, but that are still very easy t o recognize and continué, I continued

learn.

recomendé, I mended

recom-

progresé,I progressed

8 recomendd, you, he, she recommended 8 progresd, you, he, she progressed

anticipé,I anticipated acepté,I accepted

8 anticipd, you, he, she anticipated

cultivé, I cultivated dicté, I dictated

8 cultivé, you, he, she cultivated 8 dicté, you, he, she dictated

expresé,I expressed

8 expres, you, he, she expressed

celebré, I celebrated

8 celebrd, you, he, she celebrated

estudié, [ studied

8 estudid, you, he, she studied

fotografié, I photographed

8 fotografib, you, he, she photo-

8 aceptd, you, he, she accepted

graphed

confesé,I confessed

8 confeso, you, he, she confessed

tosté, I toasted

8 tostd, you, he, she toasted

pasé,I passed

8 paso, you, he, she passed cooperé, I co-operated 3 cooperd, you, he, she co-operated Then there are a great number of verbs that are rarely used in everyday speech in English but that are common, everyday words in Spanish. comencé,I began

8 comenzd, you, he, she began

terminé, I finished

8 termind, you, he, she finished

felicité,I congratulated

8 felicitd, you, he, she congratulated

molesté, I bothered entré, I came in, went in, entered

8 molestd, you, he, she bothered 8 entrd, you, ke, she came in, went in, entered

42

Lesson Number Six

estacioné, I stationed,

8 estaciono, you, he, she stationed,

parked (car)

parked (car)

8 saludd, you, he, she greeted, said saludé,I greeted, said “hello” “hello” As you can see by all the preceding material in the book, there is a great similarity between English and Spanish. This is of tre-

mendous advantage to you, for it will help you to learn very quickly. But you must press this advantage and give your imagination encouragement. Try to guess the meaning of every Spanish

word you encounter. Make up words and sentences. In other words, let yourself go.

Now let’s see how the third man verb form is used: “ I voted” is “voté.” But if you wish to say that anyone else in the world

voted, you must use the third man verb form “vot6.” E l presidente votd.

M i papa vot.

(The president voted.)

M i mama voto.

El doctor votd. E l dentista voto.

El profesor votd. Roberto vot.

If you wish t o ask a question invert the word order. :Voté el presidente? ¢Votd el actor? ¢Voto el profesor? “(Did the president vote?) ¢ Votd usted? Voto el general? ¢Voté el dentista? (Did the general vote?) WORDS TO REMEMBER

y, and de, of, from el dinero, the money

el rancho, the ranch el grupo, the group el drama, the drama

el banco, the bank

el teléfono, the telephone

e l pan, the bread

e l vocabulario, the vocabulary

el automovil, the automobile

el radio, the radio

esparragos, asparagus

en, in, on, into

Maria, Mary

Juan, John

Below, I have written some sentences for you to translate into English. If you come upon a sentence which you feel you can’t translate, study it and make a wild stab at a translation. You will

find that you are almost invariably right in your guess. After you wa

43

Leccion NUmero Seis o

have written out all the sentences in English check with the correct translation below the exercise.

EXERCISE I N T R A N S L A T I O N

You will find a personal “a” after verbs which are followed by persons. Invité a un amigo a m i casa

Il.

8 El general entré en la capital. anoche. 8 Roberto visité a un amigo 2 1 8 El ministro preparé el sermon para la congregacidn. en Cuba. 8 Mama preparé la cena 2 2 . 8 M i cliente importo café de Costa Rica. anoche. 8 El presidente acepté la in- 2 3 . Tosté el pan para los sandvitacion. wiches. Terminé la composicion 24. 8 Juan entré en el hotel y para la clase. saludé a su amigo. 8 Maria estudié la leccién 2 5 . 8 El mecanico lubricé el esta manana. automoévil en el garage. 8 Roberto tomé la cena en 26. 8 M i amigo cultivé café en un restaurante. el rancho. 8 E l doctor tomd u n a 2 7 . 8 El grupo present¢ un drama. aspinna. Usé el vocabulario en la 28. 8 El profesor felicité al clase. estudiante. 8 Alexander Graham Bell 29. 8 ; Vot6 usted esta mafiana? inventd el teléfono. 30. 8 El doctor curé al paciente. 8 Don Ameche no inventd 31. Deposité dinero en el banco

12.

el teléfono. 8 Marconi inventé el radio.

I.

2.

. . .

.

10.

13. 14.

Copié¢ la leccion anoche. 8 El profesor tomé una Pepsi Cola.

15.

8 El agente importé perfume de Francia.

16. 8 M i mama visité a u n 17.

amigo en el hospital. Tomé esparragos.

18. Estacioné m i automévil. 10). 8 M i padre recomend) a su amigo.

20

esta

manana.

32. 8 ¢Copib usted la composicion?

33- 8 :Estudié usted la leccién

para la clase? 34- 8 :Acepté usted la invitacién? 35- 8 M i padre invité a Juan al cine.

36. 8 Juan acept6 la invitacién. 37- 8 Edison inventé el fonografo.

44

Lesson Number Six

Check your sentences with the translation below. 1.

my

20 .

Robert visited a friend in

21.

I invited a friend

to

house last night. 2.

Cuba.

The general entered the capital. The minister prepared the sermon for the congregation.

. Mother prepared dinner last night. . The president accepted the

22.

M y client imported coffee from Costa Rica.

23.

I toasted the bread for the

sandwiches. I finished the composition 2 4 . John went into the hotel and greeted his friend. for the class. Mary studied the lesson this 2 5 . The mechanic lubricated the automobile in the garage. morning. Robert had dinner i n a res- 26. M y friend cultivated coffee on the ranch. taurant. group presented a 2 7 . The The doctor took an aspirin. invitation.

. . .

.

. I used the vocabulary in the

class. 1 0 . Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. 1 1 . Don Ameche didn’t invent the telephone. 1 2 . Marconi invented the radio. 1 3 . I copied the lesson last might. 1 4 . The professor had a Pepsi Cola. 1 5 . The agent imported perfume from France. 16. M y mother visited a friend in the hospital.

17. I

h a d asparagus.

18. I parked my car.

10. M y father your friend.

drama.

28. ‘The professor congratulated the student. 29.

Did you vote this morning?

30.

The doctor cured the patient.

31.

I deposited money in the bank this morning. Did you copy the composi-

32.

tion? 33- Did you study the lesson for

the class? 34- Did you accept the invitation? 35- M y father invited John t o the movies.

36. John accepted the invitation.

recommended 37- Edison invented the phonograph.

Now, if you feel ambitious and want to try your hand at a more

difficult task, translate the English sentences back into Spanish. I will say t o you what the sefiorita said when Pedro told her he loved her so much that he would swim the Atlantic for her. She said, “Eef you can do eet, I kees you!”

Leccion NUmero Seis

45

You have learned forty new verbs in this lesson. Use them and enjoy them. You will find that you can make up hundreds of sentences with them. Use the following nouns t o fill in the blanks in the sentences below :

Maria (Mary) Juan (John)

1.8 2.

m i papi m i mama

el presidente el doctor el actor el pianista acepto la invitacion. (accepted the invitation) tomo la cena en el club. (had dinner at the club)

8.

3. 8 .

deposité dinero en el banco.

4. 8 . . . . . . .

(deposited money in the bank) visité a un amigo.

5. 8

Cee,

(visited a friend) invité a Roberto a la fiesta.

(invited Robert to the party)

/ Leccion

NUmero Siete

los sombreros

CATEGORY XII

You can convert some English words that end in “ce” into Spanish words by changing “ce” to “cia.” CE = CIA the distance = la distancia la conveniencia la justicia la experiencia la significancia Francia la importancia la independencia Alicia CATEGORY XII!

You can convert some English words that end in “cy” into

Spanish words by changing the “cy” t o “cia.” CY = CIA the agency =la agencia la aristocracia la emergencia la democracia la tendencia la diplomacia la urgencia

Leccion Numero Siete

47

WORDS TO REMEMBER

coctel de frutas, fruit cocktail

qué, what

papas, potatoes

su, your, his, her

el sombrero, the hat (man’s or woman’s)

durante, during

l a crema, the cream l a carne, the meat

de, of, from, about

del, of the, from the, about the (contraction of “de el”) con, with (chile con came, pepper with meat) HABLE, I talked N O HABLE, I didn’t talk 8 (HABL O USTED? Did you talk? hablé con, I talked with

hablé de, I talked about

Hablé por teléfono. I talked on the phone, I called up. 8 Maria hablé. Mary talked. Remember that when you ask a question the verb goes before the noun. EXAMPLES.

8 ;Hab lé Maria? Did Mary talk? 8 :Acepté Maria? Did Mary accept?

8 ;Habl6 usted por teléfono? Did you talk on the phone? Did you call up? CONVERSACION ¢Hablé usted por teléfono esta mafnana?

Si, esta mafiana hablé por teléfono con Maria.

;Invité usted a Maria a su casa? Si, invité a Maria a m i casa.

¢Aceptdé Maria la invitacion? Si, Maria acept6 la invitacién.

: Tomé Maria la cena en su casa? Si, Maria tomo la cena en m i casa. Q u é tomb Maria? Maria tomé un coctel de frutas, sopa, papas, esparragos y una ensalada.

48

Lesson Number Seven

¢Tomé Maria carne?

Si, Maria tomd rosbif. ¢Tomé Maria

café?

Si, Maria tomé café con crema. ¢Tomo usted chocolate?

No, no tomé chocolate, tomé café con crema. ¢Habl6 usted con Maria durante la cena? Si, hablé mucho con Maria durante l a cena. ¢Habl6 usted del teatro con Maria? Si, hablé del teatro con Maria.

¢Hablé Maria de su (her) permanente? Si, Maria habl6é de su permanente y de su sombrero.

¢Habl6é Maria con su mama? Si, Maria, habl6 con m i mama y con m i papa.

SENTENCE-FORMING EXERCISE

Combine the phrases in Column 1 and Column 2 t o form as many sentences as you can. Just be sure t o use words from each of the columns in every sentence you form.

8 8 8 8 8

1 Hablé ( I talked)

2 por teléfono

N o hablé ( I didn’t talk)

con Maria

¢Hablé usted? (Did you talk?) Maria hablé (Mary talked) Roberto hablé (Robert talked) El doctor hablé (The doctor talked) :Hablé Maria (Did Mary talk?)

con el doctor con Juan con Alberto de la clase de México

8 :Hablé Roberto (Did Robert talk?)

del accidente

3 ¢Hablé el doctor 8 :Habl6 mama

del teatro en la clase esta manana

EXERCISE IN TRANSLATION

Translate the following sentences into Spanish. The above columns can be used as a translation guide. After you have written

49

Leccion Numero Siete

out all the sentences check with the correct translations below this exercise. I.

2.

I talked with Mary this morning. I talked about Mexico in the

9.

Did you talk with the doctor?

10.

Did you talk about Mexico

in the class?

class.

I didn’t talk with the doctor.

11.

Did you talk about the theater?

12.

Did you call up? (Did you talk on the phone?) Did mother talk with the

I

Mary talked with John.

The doctor called up. (The doctor talked on the phone.) Robert called up. (Robert talked on the phone.)

13.

doctor?

. The doctor talked about the accident. Robert talked about the theater.

~J

14.

Did Robert talk in the class this morning?

15.

Did Mary talk about the theater?

Check your sentences with the correct translations below. 1.

2.

Hablé con Marjaestamanana. Hablé de México en la clase.

9. ¢Habl6 usted con el doctor? 1 0 . ¢Habl6é usted de México en

3. No hablé con el doctor. 4. Maria habl6 con Juan.

11.

la clase? ¢Habl6 usted del teatro?

5. E l doctor habl6 por teléfono.

12.

¢Habl6 usted por teléfono?

6. Roberto hablé por teléfono. 7. El doctor hablé del accidente. 8. Roberto hablé del teatro:

1 3 . ¢ Hablé

14. 15.

mama con el doctor?

:Hablé Roberto en la clase esta manana? ¢Habl6 Maria del teatro?

Use the following nouns t o fill in the blanks in the sentences below:

el doctor el dentista el oculista 1. 2. 3.

el profesor m i mama el general

Maria Roberto Alberto

Hablé con . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( I talked with) 8 Roberto hablécon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Robert talked with) Hablé por teléfono con ( I called up) ea

8

0

&

©

Bb

&

$$

0

2

SS

PPS

0D

50

Lesson Numb er Seven

4. 8 El doctor hablé por teléfono con . . . . . . . . . . (The doctor called up) REMINDER CARD 5

Hablé

por teléfono

(I talked)

con Roberto con Maria

8 ¢Habl6 usted?

con su mama

(Did you talk?)

de México

N o hablé

de la clase del cine

(I didn’t talk)

del teatro

|

e n la clase mucho (much, a lot)

Copy the above material onto a card. Carry the card with you and glance at it whenever you get a chance. CATEGORY XII

Remember that you can convert some English words that end in “‘ce” into Spanish words by changing the “ce” to “cia.” These words are feminine and take the articles “1a” (the) and “una” (a, an). CE = C I A

the distance = la distancia abstinencia abundancia adolescencia Alicia

frecuencia circunstancia ~~ difidencia gracia diligencia coherencia impaciencia distancia coincidencia efervescencia ~~ impertinencia conciencia

ambulancia

confercncia

elegancia

importancia

arrogancia

(lecture)

elocuencia

incidencia

asistencia ausencia

consecuencia esencia convalecencia evidencia

(absence)

conveniencia

benevolencia ciencia

experiencia decadencia desobediencia ~~ exuberancia

indulgencia inocencia

circunferencia

diferencia

insignificancia

excelencia

Francia

independencia indiferencia indolencia

Leccion NUmero Siete

insistencia insolencia instancia inteligencia intolerancia justicia licencia

51

malicia obediencia ocurrencia opulencia paciencia permanencia perseverancia

persistencia precedencia preferencia preponderancia repugnancia resonancia significancia

temperancia tolerancia turbulencia vehemencia vigilancia violencia virulencia

A few words that end in “ce” in English are masculine in Spanish. el servicio, the service

el edificio, the building

el vicio, the vice el divorcio, the divorce

el prefacio, the preface el palacio, the palace

CATEGORY X I I ] Remember that you can convert some English words that end

in “‘cy” into Spanish words by changing the “cy”

to

“cia.” These

words are feminine and take the articles “la” (the) and “una” (a, an).

CY = CIA the a g e n c=y la agencia

la aristocracia

la discrepancia

la emergencia

la burocracia

la eficacia

la decencia

la democracia la diplomacia

la farmacia la agencia

la tendencia la urgencia

Another basic difference in spelling between Spanish and English: when an English word begins with *“s” and is followed by a consonant you must put an “e” before the “s” in Spanish.

SP = ESP

especial, special espiritual, spiritual esplendor, splendor estable, stable (adj.)

esposo, husband, spouse esposa, wife estacién, station estudiante, student

establidad, stability

estapido, stupid

especialista, specialist

especialidad, specialty

Espana, Spain

el espaiiol, Spanish

] Leccion NUmero Ocho

el fondgrafo

J he best way t o learn Spanish is through large concepts and ideas, not through memorizing little isolated words. One idea well established in your mind will give you t w o hundred verbs forever. And every time you use one of these t w o hundred verbs you become more automatic in the use of the other hundred ninety-nine!

Memorizing is dull and ineffectual. When you learn twenty verbs by rote you are apt to forget most of them and be bored

by all of them. You are annoyed by the fact that you have t o sit down and toil over them, and they become your enemies. But when you invent a verb it is your creation; you have made it, and

you will always like it. You are probably saying, “How can I invent a verb? Where

do I

start?”

Leccion NUmero Ocho

53

Start with words that end in “tion” in English. 1.

2.

invitation preparation

3. co-operation

4. tnutation 5. continuation 0. recitation

Convert them into Spanish nouns by changing “t” to you learned in Lesson 2 . I.

invitacion

4. 1mitacion

2.

preparacion

5. continuacion

3. cooperacion

€€

1)

“¢”

as

6. recitacion

Then remove ‘“‘acidén.”

— acién Invit 2 . prepar — acion 3. cooper -— acién I.

4. Imit ~~ — acidn 5. continu —— acién — acion 6. recit

Add “é” for me, “6” for anybody else (third man).

8 invitd 8 prepard 8 cooperd

invité, 2 . preparé, 3. cooperé, 1.

4. imité, 5. continué, 6. recité,

8 imitd § continud 3 recité

Never let a word lie fallow in your mind. The minute you have

learned it, try

to

use it. The mental process of using the word

makes it stay with you. Now, let’s take the above words and put them into sentences.

Pp

Translate into Spanish: 4. 8 The monkey imitated . I invited Mary to the party. Mary. 2 . I prepared dinner last night. 3. 8 The general co-operated 5. § Robert recited a poem (un poema) in the class. with the president. Check your sentences with those below to see if they are correct. 1.

Invité a Maria a la fiesta.

4. 8 El mono imité a Maria.

2.

Preparé la cena anoche.

5. 8 Roberto recité u n poema

3. 8 El general cooperé con el presidente.

en la clase.

54

Lesson Number Eight EXERCISE IN WRITING

nN

Following is a list of nouns converted into verbs. 1 . Use a sheet of lined paper that has been divided into three columns, and cover up all but the first (left-hand) column below. . Drop *“‘acién” from each noun in the first column. 3. Add “é” for me (as in the second column below), and write the verb in the first column of your sheet.

4. Add “6” for anybody else, writing the verb in the second column of your sheet.

5. Then translate the verb into English. 6. Now check your threc columns with the three right-hand columns below.

NOUNS CONVERTED I N T O VERBS PAST TENSE (PRETERITE) NOUNS

la acumulacidon la acusacion

FIRST P E R S O N

acumulé acusé

la administracién ~~ administré admiré la admiracion

THIRD M A N

8 acumulé 8 acuso

accumulated accused

8 administré6 8 admird

administrated admired

la adoracidon

adoré

8 adord

adored

la afirmacién

afirmé

8afirmé

affirmed

la agitacién

agite

8 agit6

agitated

la animacién

animé

8 animé

animated

la anticipacion la apreciacion la aproximacién

anticipé aprecié aproximé

8 anticip6 8 apreci6 8 aproximé

anticipated appreciated approximated

la asociacion

asocié

8 asocid

associated

la aspiracién

aspiré

8 aspird

aspired

la calculacién la celebracién

calculé celebré

8 calculé celebréd

calculated celebrated

la circulacién

circulé

8 circulé

circulated

la coagulacién

coagulé

8 coagulé

coagulated

la colaboracion la combinacién

colaboré combiné

f) colabord f) combiné

collaborated combined

la compensacién la compilacién

compensé compilé

8 compensd 8 compilé

compensated compiled

la concentracién

concentré

8 concentré

concentrated

la condensacién

condensé

8 condensé

condensed

55

Leccion Numero Ocho la confirmacion

confirmé

f confirmé

confirmed

la congratulacion

congratulé

8 congratuld

congratulated

la conservacion la consideracion la consolacidn

conserve consideré consolé

la consolidacidon la contaminacion

consolidé contaminé

8 8 8 8 £

la contemplacién

contemple

8 contempl o

l a continuacidn

continué

la conversacion

conversed

£3 cooperé

co-operated

& coordiné £ culminé & cu ‘vo 8 declaré 8 decoro 8 deliberd denuncid & deteriord £3 determiné 8 detesté

co-ordinated culminated cultivated declared

la determinacién l a detestacién la dominacién la estimulacién

conversé coopere coordiné culminé cultivé declaré decoré deliberé denuncié deterioré determiné detesté dominé estimulé

8 continuo £ conversé

la estrangulacién

estrangulé

la evaporacion la exageracién

evaporé exagereé

la exasperacién

exasperé excave excité exclamé

la cooperacién la coordinacion la culminacién la cultivacién la declaracién la decoracion la deliberaciéon la denunciacién l a deterioracion

l a excavacién

la excitacidén la exclamacion

conservo considerd consolo consolido contamind

8 dominé & estirnuld

8 8 8 8

estrangul6 evapord exagerd exasperd

£ excavo 8 excitd

8 exclamo

conserved considered consoled consolidated contaminated contemplated continued

decorated

deliberated denounced deteriorated determined

detested dominated stimulated

strangled evaporated

exaggerated exasperated

excavated excited exclaimed

la experimentacion experimenté la exploracién exploré la exportacién exporté

8 experiments experimented 8 exploré explored exported 8 exportd

la exterminacién

exterminé

la fascinacién la fermentacion la fluctuacidon la formacién la formulaciéon

fasciné fermenté fluctué fonné formulé

8 8 8 8 8 8

la graduacién la imaginacién

gradué imaginé

8 gradud £3 imagind

fluctuated formed formulated graduated imagined

la imitacién

Imité

8 imitb

imitated

exterminé fasciné fermenté fluctud formd formulé

exterminated

fascinated fermented

Lesson Number Eight

56 la imploracion la improvisacion la inauguracidn

imploré improvisé

8 8 8 8

imploré improvisé inauguré infl6

implored improvised

la inspiracion la instalacion

inspiré

8 inspiro

instalé

8 instalé

inaugurated inflated informed initiated inoculated insinuated inspired installed

la interpretacién

interpreté

8 interpret6

interpreted

la invitacién la irntacion la laceracion la lamentacién la limitacién la manifestacion

invité irrité laceré lamenté limnité manifesté

8 3 8 8 8 &

la manipulacién

manipulé

£8 manipulé

manipulated

la matriculaciéon la meditacion la observacion la ocupacién

matriculé medité observé ocupé

8 matriculé 8 medito 8 observé

matriculated meditated occupied

la operacién

opereé

8 ocupé 8 operé

la orientacién

orienté

8 orient6

oriented

la participacién

participé penetré perforé precipité predominé

8 8 8 8 8

participated penetrated perforated precipitated predominated

premedité

8 premedito

preocupé

8 preocupé

premeditated worried

la inflacién la informacion la iniciacién la inoculacién

la insinuacién

la penetracién

la perforaciéon la precipitacién

la predominacién la premeditacion la preocupacién

inauguré inflé informé inicié inoculé insinué

8 informd 8 inicio

8 inoculé 8 insinud

invito irnté lacer6 lament limitd manifesto

particip6 penetré perfor6 precipitéd predominé

invited irritated

lacerated lamented limited manifested

observed operated

la preparacion

prepare

8 preparé

(preoccupied) prepared

l a presentaciéon

presenté

&) present6

presented

la preservacion

preserve

la proclamacion la protestacién la recitacion la reclamacién la recomendacion

procla mé

8 preservo 8 proclamé

preserved proclaimed

protesté recité reclamé

8 protestd

8 recitod f reclamé & recomend6

protested recited reclaimed recommended

la recuperacién la reformacién

recuperé reformé

8 recuperé

recuperated

8 reformé

reformed

recomendé

57

Leccion Numero Ocho EE

la regeneraciéon

regeneré

8 regenerd

regenerated

la registracion

registré

8 registré

registered

8 reparé 8 representd

repaired represented

reparé la reparacién la representacion ~~ representé la salvacién la saturacién

salvé saturé

8 salvé 8 saturd

saved saturated

la separacién la situacién

separé situé

8 separ6 8 situd

separated situated

toleré l a toleracién la transformacién ~~ transformé

8 tolerd 8 transformé

tolerated transformed

la transportaciéon ~~ transporté vacilé la vacilacién

8 transporté 8 vacilé

transported vacillated

la variacion la ventilacion

varié ventilé

& vario 8) ventilé

varied ventilated

la vibracién

vibré

8 vibré

vibrated

Now that you know the technique of changing “acién” nouns into verbs you are ready to begin working with speed. You can get the most advantage out of these verbs if you learn to form

them in the flick of an eyelash. The best way to learn to change these nouns into verbs quickly is to look at the noun, remove “acién,”’ and add the letter “¢” in one quick mental process. D o not read the noun aloud. Just look at it, change it as quickly as you can, and repeat the verb aloud. As you read the list of nouns, change each into a verb as quickly as you can. You will find that by the time you have reached the

end of the list you can change a noun into a verb in a split second. FORMING QUESTIONS

Cover the right-hand column and translate the expressions on the left. 8 :Voté usted? 1 . Did you vote? usted?

2 . D i d y o u continue?

8 :Continué

3. Did you co-operate? 4. Did you exaggerate?

8 :Cooperd usted? 8 :Exager6 usted?

5. 6. 7. 8.

Did Did Did Did

you exclaim? you participate? you protest? you recite?

9. Did you go in?

8 8 8 8

:Exclamé usted? ;Participb usted? :Protestd usted? :Recitd usted?

8 :Entré usted?

58

Lesson Number Eight

|

10.

Did Robert vote?

8 :Voté Roberto?

11.

Did Robert co-operate?

8 :Cooper6é Roberto?

Did Robert protest? 1 3 . Did Mary recite? 1 4 . Did Mary go in? 15. Did the doctor co-operate? 16. Did the doctor go in? 1 7 . Did the doctor come in? 18. Did Albert come in? 1 9 . Did Albert go in? 2 0 . Did the general co-operate? 2 1 . Did Robert install the radio? 12.

8 ;Protest6 Roberto? 8 :Recité Maria? 8 :Entr6 Maria? 8 ;Cooperd el doctor? 8 :Entr6 el doctor? 8 ;Entrd el doctor? 8 :Entré Alberto? 3 :Entré6 Alberto? 8 ;Cooperd el general? 8 ;Instald Roberto el radio?

WORDS TO REMEMBER

ESTACIONE

8 ESTACIONO, parked (car)

ENTRE

8 ENTRO, went in, came in

DEPOSITE

8 DEPOSITO, deposited

INSTALE

8 INSTALO, installed, set

PREOCUPE

8 PREOCUPO, worried

e l dinero, the money

dénde, where

el fonografo, the phonograph

quién, who

la antena, the antenna

up

e n frente de, in front of

su, your, his, her

¢Quién ented? Who came in? CONVERSACION ¢Donde estacioné usted su automoévil? (Where

car?) Estacioné m i auto en frente del banco. ¢Entro usted en el banco? Si, entré en el banco. ¢Deposit

usted dinero en el banco? Si, deposité dinero en el banco.

¢Quién hablé por teléfono esta mafiana?

Roberto hablé por teléfono esta mafiana. ¢Invitd usted a Roberto a su casa? Si, invité a Roberto a m i casa.

did you park your

Leccién Numero Ocho

59

:Dénde estacioné Roberto su auto? Roberto estaciond su auto en frente de m i casa.

¢Entré Roberto a su casa? Si, Roberto entrdé a m i casa. ¢Quién instalo el radio e n su casa? Roberto instal el radio en m i casa.

¢Instalé Roberto la antena para el radio? Si, Roberto instal6 la antena para el radio. ¢Instalé Roberto el fondgrafo? Si, Roberto instalé una combinacién radio fondgrafo. ¢Inventé Roberto el radio? Ay no, eso es ridiculo. Roberto no inventé el radio.

¢Quién inventd el radio? Marconi inventé el radio. : Tomo Roberto la cena en su casa? Si, Roberto tomé la cena en m i casa.

¢Qué tomo Roberto para la cena? Roberto tomé6 u n coctel de frutas, sopa, rosbif, esparragos y una ensalada. ¢Tomo Roberto café? Si, Roberto tomé café con crema.

¢Quién preparé la cena?

Mama prepar¢ la cena. ¢Quién preocupb a mama? Roberto preocupé a mama. SENTENCE-FORMING EXERCISES

Combine the words below in different ways t o form as many sentences as you can. Just be sure to use words from each of the three columns in every sentence you form. A

These verbs are followed by persons, so the personal “a” is required. Notice the personal “a” before each person in the third column. 3)

60

lesson Number Eight

~

1 8 ;Quién (who) 8 Roberto 8 Maria

invité

3 a Juan a m i padre a Roberto

8 E l doctor

opero

al paciente

8 E l paciente

preocupd (worried)

al doctor

2 recomendd

visito

8 E l conductor

acuso

8 El general

salvd (saved)

al criminal

a su amigo

B These verbs are not followed by persons and therefore do not require the personal *“‘a.” 1

2

3

8 E l novelista 8 Roberto 8 E l presidente

acumuld deposit inauguré

una fortuna el dinero en el banco el monumento

8 Maria 8 iQuién

estudio instalo

la leccién el fonégrafo

8 E l estudiante

usb

el vocabulano

3 Alberto 8 M i mama

termind (finished) preparé

la composicién la cena

8 E l doctor

estaciond

el auto

8 Juan 8 M i papa

copi6é (copied) tomo

el vocabulario una ensalada

8 El dentista

hablo

por teléfono

EXERCISE IN TRANSLATION

Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Write out each sentence in Spanish, using the columns above as a guide. After you have written all the sentences check with the correct transla-

tions given below this exercise. 1.

Robert visited my father.

7. Who invited Robert?

2.

Mary invited your friend.

8. The novelist accumulated a

3. The patient worried the doctor. 4. The general saved his friend.

fortune. 9. Mary deposited the money in the bank.

5. Who invited John?

6. Who recommended John?

10.

The student used the vocab-

ulary.

61

teccion Numero Ocho 11. 12. 13.

Albert finished the composition. My mother prepared the dinner. John parked the car.

14.

15.

M y father called up (talked on the phone). Who installed the phonograph?

Check your sentences with the correct translations below.

QB

1.

Roberto visité a m i padre (a m i papa). Maria invit6 a su amigo. El paciente preocupé al doc-

ON Oo

tor.

0. Maria deposité el dinero en el banco. 1 0 . El estudiante us el vocabulario. 1 1 . Alberto terminé la composi-

cion.

El general salvé a su amigo. ¢ Quién invitd a Juan?

12.

a Juan?

13.

¢ Quién recomend

invité a Roberto? El novelista acumulé una fortuna. ¢ Quién

14. 15.

M i mama preparé la cena. Juan estacioné el auto. M i papa hablé por teléfono. ¢ Quién instalé el fondgrafo?

9 Leccion LL

NUme

Jueve

_

—_—

\x z

J

Ea = 1

fi

el diablo

7 ] here are t w o verbs in Spanish that mean is: “es” and “esta.”

8 “ESTA” 1S USED T O SAY WHERE THINGS ARE OR TO ASK WHERE THINGS ARE. ¢Dénde esta Maria? Where is Mary? ¢Dbnde esta la estacién? Where is the sta-

DONDE (where) { tion? M i papa esta en Cuba. M y father is in Cuba.

8 “ESTA” IS ALSO USED T O SAY H O W PEOPLE ARE O R T O ASK H O W PEOPLE ARE.

:Cémo esti su mama? How is your mother? ¢Como esta usted? How are you?

COMO (how)

M i papé est bien. My father is well.

M i mama esta muy bien. M y mother is very

well.

Leccion NUmero Nueve

63

Let's reduce this to a short rule: “Dénde” (where) and

“como” (how) take “esta.”

The following dialogue is repeated millions of times every day in the Spanish-speaking world.

— : Como esta usted? How are you? — : Bien, gracias, y usted? Well, thank you, and you?

—Muy bien, gracias. Very well, thank you.

WORDS TO REMEMBER

el diablo, the devil

pero, but

el infierno, hell

gracias, thank you

la oficina, the office

bien,

u n hombre, a man

en la casa, itn the house

una mujer, a Woman

e n casa, at home

well

la crema, the cream en el refrigerador, in the refrigerator el club de tenis, the tennis club ¢Como estd usted? How are en el sofd, on the sofa you?

CONVERSACION

C o m o esta usted? Bien, gracias, y usted? Muy bien,

grgracias. ¢Como esta su mama? y

bien,

Mama est4 muy bien, gracias. C o m o esta su papa? Papa esti bien, gracias.

Donde esti su mama? Mama esta en casa.

¢Dénde esta su papa? Papa estz en la oficina. )

¢Donde esta la crema? L a crema esti en el refrigerador.

:Cémo esta Roberto? :Donde esta el conductor? Roberto esta muy bien, gracias. E l conductor esta en el tren.

¢Doénde esta Roberto? Roberto esta en el club de tenis.

64

Lesson Number Nine

¢Dénde esta el presidente? El presidente esta en la Casa Blanca. :Débnde esta el doctor? E l doctor esti en su oficina.

;Dbnde esta el diablo? E l diablo esta e n el infierno.

E s Roberto u n diablo? A y no, Roberto no es u n diablo. Roberto es terrible, pero no es

un diablo. «Es un angel Roberto? Ay no, Roberto no es un angel. Q u é es Roberto? Roberto es u n hombre.

¢Es Maria un hombre? Ay no, eso es ridiculo, Maria no es un hombre, Maria es una mujer.

SENTENCE-FORMING EXERCISES

Combine the words in the columns below in different ways t o form as many sentences as you can. Just be sure to use words from each of the columns in every sentence you form. A 1. 8 :Doénde esta

(Where 1s?)

2. el restaurante?

la estaci6n? el banco? el el el el

hospital? auto? dinero? teléfono?

su papa?’ su mama? su sombrero? la crema?

65

Leccion NOmero Nueve B

1

El doctor El El El El

3

2

mecanico teléfono profesor tren

8 esti (is)

en el hotel

8 no esta (isn’t)

en el garage en la oficina en casa en el club e n la estacién

S u sombrero E l dinero L a crema

en el sofa en el banco

Roberto

en el refrigerador

2 su mama? su papa’

1

8 (Como esta (How 1s, how are you?)

usted?

Roberto? el profesor? su amigo? D

1

2

M i amigo El paciente E l doctor

8 esta (is) 8 no esta (isn’t)

El profesor M i papa

Mi

3

bien bien, gracias muy bien, gracias mejor ( better)

mejor, gracias

mama

EXERCISE I N T R A N S L A T I O N

Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Write out each sentence in Spanish, using the columns above as a guide. After you have written out all the sentences check with the correct translations below this exercise. 1. Where is the station? 2. Where 1s the bank?

9. Where is the telephone? 4. Where is your father?

Lesson Number Nine pon

Where is the car?

The mechanic is in the garage.

S© ow

The money is in the bank. The train 1s in the station.

Your hat is on the sofa. . The cream is in the refrig-

How are you? 1 2 . How is your mother? 13. M y mother is well, thank 11.

you.

The patient is better. 15. M y father is better, thank you. 14.

erator.

Qo:

A A A ih A

Check your sentences with the correct translations below. :Dénde esta la estacién? ¢Dénde esta el banco? :Dénde esta el teléfono? ¢Dénde esta su papa?

¢Dénde esta el auto? E l mecanico esti en el garage. E l dinero esta en el banco. E l tren esta en la estacidn.

9. Su sombrero esta en el sofa. 1 0 . L a crema esta en el refrigerador. 1 1 . : Como esta usted? 1 2 . : Como esta su mama? 13. 14. 15.

M i mama esta bien, gracias. El paciente esta mejor. M i papa esta mejor, gracias.

Note: Pronouns are frequently dropped in Spanish. People often drop the “usted” in “:Cédmo esta usted?” and simply say, “¢Como esta?” This means “How are you?” and is absolutely complete and correct.

“Esta” is a third man form and is used with anybody but yourself.

You are well.

He is well. 8 Esti bien.

She 1s well. It’s O K .

It’s fine. It’s all right.

Are you well? 8 Esti bien?

8 N o esta.

Is he well? Is she well? Is it O K . ? You aren’t here. H e isn’t here. She isn’t here. {t isn’t here.

67

Leccion Numero Nueve

You don’t need t o say the word “here” in Spanish. You can just say, “No esta.” You’re a t home.

He's at home.

8 Esti en casa.

She’s a t home.

REMINDER CARD 6

8 (Donde estd

(Where is)

|

el banco?

su papi? Roberto? l a crema?

el dinero? m i sombrero? la estacidon? el teléfono? 8 (Como esta

usted?

(How are you, how Roberto? 152)

su mama?

su papa?

Bien, gracias (Well, thank you)

Copy the above material onto a card. Carry the card with you and glance at it whenever you get a chance.

10 Leccion NUmero Diez

las frutas

emember that you can convert many English words that

end in “ce” into Spanish if you change the “ce” to “cia.” CE = CIA la ambulancia, the ambulance la coincidencia, the coincidence la distancia, the distance

la experiencia, the experience la independencia, the inde-

Alicia, Alice Francia, France pendence la conveniencia, the conven- la diferencia, the difference ence

You can convert many English words that end in “cy” into

Spanish if you change the “cy” t o “cia.”

69

Leccibn NUmero Diez

CY = CIA la democracia, democracy la agencia, the agency urgencia, urgency la aristocracia, the aristocracy la emergencia, the emergency CATEGORY XIV

Some words that end in “ine” in English end in “ina” in Spanish.

INE = I N A the sardine = la sardina la gasolina la medicina

la gabardina la quinina

WORDS TO REMEMBER

una blusa, a blouse

cuindo, when

u n suéter, a sweater una tienda, a store

qué, what bonito, pretty

el pan, the bread

chocolate, chocolate (drink)

la carne, the meat

chocolates, chocolates (candy)

la farmacia, the drugstore

Marta, Martha

el automoévil, the automobile

frutas,fruits

la agencia de automéviles, the rosas, roses automobile agency la semana pasada, last week (literally, the week past)

COMPRE, I bought N O COMPRE, I didn’t buy 8 ;COMPRO USTED? did you buy? 8 ¢;Dénde compré usted? Where did you buy? 8 ¢Cuando compré usted? When did you buy? 8 (Qué compré usted? What did you buy? 8 Q u é comprd Alicia? What did Alice buy?

8 ¢Qué compré su mama? What did your mother buy?

70

Lesson Number Ten CONVERSACION

:Compro usted una ambulancia? Ay no, eso es ridiculo, no compré una ambulancia. Compré u n automovil.

Donde comprd usted el auto? Compré el auto en la agencia de automéviles.

¢Cuando compré usted el auto? Compré el auto la semana pasada.

Q u é compré Alicia en Francia? Alicia compro perfume en Francia.

(Es Paris la capital de Francia? Si, Paris es la capital de Francia. :Compro Alicia un sombrero en Paris?

Si, Alicia compré un sombrero en Paris. ¢Es bonito el sombrero?

Si, el sombrero es muy bonito.

¢Es elegante el sombrero? Si, el sombrero es muy elegante. ¢Compr6 usted un sombrero la semana pasada? Si, compré u n sombrero la semana pasada.

¢Comprd usted una blusa la semana pasada® Si, compré una blusa la semana pasada. ¢Donde comprd usted la blusa?

Compre la blusa en una tienda.

Q u é comprd su mama esta mafiana? Mama compré un suéter para mi papa esta mafana. Donde compré su mama el suéter? Mama compro el suéter en la tienda. Q u é comprdé Marta esta mafiana? Marta compré came, pan, café, esparragos, y chocolate esta

manana. Q u é compré Alicia esta tarde?

Alicia compré frutas esta tarde.

Leccion Numero Diez

71

¢Compré usted chocolates para su mama? Si, compré chocolates para m i mama.

(Qué compro usted en la farmacia? Compré alcohol en l a farmacia.

:Compré usted aspirinas en la farmacia? Si, compré aspirinas en la farmacia. ¢Qué comprd el doctor? E l doctor comprd rosas para una seiiorita. SENTENCE-FORMING EXERCISES

Combine the words i n the columns below in different ways to form as many sentences as you can. Again, be sure to use words

from each of the columns in every sentence you form.

A 2 carne

1

3

pan café

en una tienda para m i mama para m i papa

esparragos

para su

Compré ( I bought)

chocolate

para su papa

8 Compré Roberto (Did Robert buy?)

chocolates aspirinas

para Marta en Francia

8 :Compré Marta

alcohol

8 :Compré su mama 8 :Comprd Alicia 8 Alicia compré 8 Alicia no compré 8 Marta compré 8 Marta no compré

un sombrero una blusa el auto perfume frutas u n suéter rosas B

la semana pasada esta maiiana esta tarde esta noche

3 :Comproé usted (Did you buy?) No compre ( I didn’t buy)

en Paris en la agencia de

1 8 :Qué compré Alicia (What did Alice buy?) 8

:Qué compr é

mama

usted ( W h a t did you buy?)

automoviles

2 en la tienda? en Paris?

8 Q u é comprd Roberto

esta mafiana?

8 Q u é compré Marta

esta tarde?

8 :Qué compro su papa

en la farmacia?

Lesson Numbe r Ten 1

8 Cuando compré usted

la el el el la

(When did you buy?)

8 Cuando compré Marta (When did Martha buy?)

2 casa auto tractor suéter blusa

EXERCISE IN TRANSLATION

Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Write out each sentence in Spanish, using the columns above as a guide. Check

your sentences with the correct translations below this exercise. I.

Did you buy a blouse this

9.

morning.

morning? 2.

Did you buy the car in the

10.

3.

automobile agency? Did you buy perfume in

II.

Paris? Did you buy the car last week? . Did you buy chocolates for

your mother? Did you buy a sweater for your father? 0

~3

. I bought a hat this morning.

Alice didn’t buy bread this What did Martha buy in the store? What did Robert buy in the drugstore?

12.

What did your father buy this afternoon?

13.

When did you buy the house?

14.

15.

When did you buy the car? When did Martha buy the blouse?

Did Martha buy a hat in Paris?

Check your sentences with the correct translations below. 6. ¢Compr6é usted un suéter I . ¢Gompré usted una blusa para su papa’ esta mafana? 7. Compré un sombrero esta : Compro usted el auto en la rnanana. agencia de automoéviles? 3 . ¢ Compré usted perfume en 8. :Compr6 Marta un somParis? brero en Paris? 9 . Alicia no compré pan esta ¢Compré usted el auto la semana pasada? manana. ¢Compré usted chocolates 1 0 . Q u é compro Marta en la tienda? para su mama? 2.

73

Leccion Numero Diez 11. 12.

13.

;Qué compré Roberto en la farmacia? Q u é compré su papa esta tarde? (Cuando compré usted la

|

Cuando compré usted el auto? 15. ¢Cudndo compré Marta la blusa? 14.

casa?

CATEGORY XIV Some words that end in “in” or “ine” in English end in “ina”

in Spanish. IN = INA INE = INA

the medicine = la medicina la la la la la la la

medicina quinina penicilina cocaina aureomicina disciplina heroina

la la la la la la la

vaselina gelatina parafina glicerina sardina gasolina gabardina

la vitamina la aspirina la cafeina la nicotina la doctrina la rutina Ja marina (the navy)

la mina

(the mine)

REMINDER CARD 7 8 ;:Qué comp rd usted

(What did you buy?) 8 (Qué compré Maria (What did Mary buy?) 8 ¢Dénd e compr d usted

(Where did you buy?) 8 (Cuand o compr é usted

(When did you buy?)

esta manana?

esta tarde? e n la farmacia? e n la tienda? Ia casa? el auto? el tractor?

la blusa? el sombrero?

74

Lesson Number Ten _——

a

Ep—

EP

—

EXTRA WORDS

caro, expensive barato, cheap el precio, the price la bolsa, the purse agradable, nice, agreeable

el abogado, the lawyer el ingeniero, the engineer joven, young viejo (masc.), old vieja (fem.), old

11 Leccion Nu

i

=

nce

0

|

el tren

means ‘‘to visit” and is the infinitive of the verb. It U... is called the infinitive because it is infinite; it doesn’t say who visited or when anyone visited. It goes on forever with no person or time attached to it. You can form the infinitive of all the verbs you have learned thus far by removing the “é” of the past tense, first person and

adding “ar.” EXAMPLES:

invité, I invited hablé, I talked

invitar, fo invite hablar, to talk

compré, I bought

comprar, to buy

The infinitive is a very handy form of the verb because in combination with “Voy a” (I’m going to) it expresses future action. EXAMPLES:

Voy a visitar. I’m going to visit. Voy a comprar. I’m going to buy. Voy a hablar. I’m going to talk. Voy a terminar, I’m going to finish.

76

Lesson Number Eleven

Voy a tomar la cena. I'm going to have dinner. Voy a estar en casa. I'm going to be at home. (Here you use “‘estar” because you say WHERE you’re going to be.) 8 “ V a a ” means:

you are going to he is going to she is going to it is going to

are you going to?

is he going to? is she going to? 15 it going to?

EXAMPLES:

8 ( V a a San Francisco?

Are you going to San Francisco?

8 ;Va a Cuba? Are you going to Cuba? 8 :Va a la clase? Are you going to the class? 8 ; V a a comprar u n a casa? Are you going to buy a house? 8 ;Va a visitar a Maria? Are you going to visit Mary? QUESTIONS

ANSWERS

8 ;Va a tomar el tren? (Are you going to take the train?) 8 :Va a estudiar? (Are you going to study?) 8 :Va a terminar? (Are you going to finish?) 8 :Va a estar en Cuba maana? (Are you going to be in Cuba tomorrow?)

Si, voy a tomar el tren. (Yes,

I’m going to take the train.) Si, voy a estudiar. (Yes, I'm going to study.) Si, voy a terminar. (Yes, I'm

going to finish.) Si, voy a estar en Cuba ma-

flana. (Yes, I'm going to be in Cuba tomorrow.)

8 :Va al cine? (Are you going Si, voy al cine. (Yes, I'm gaing to the movies?)

to the mouies.)

WORDS TO REMEMBER

u n boleto, a ticket

naturalmente, naturally

en avion, by plane

probablemente, probably

en tren, by train

manana, tomorrow

quién, who BESE, I kissed I didn’t kiss 8 BESO, you, he, she kissed

77

Leccién Numero Once

VOY A , I'm going to N O VOY A , I’m not going to 8VAA, are you going to? you are going to he, she is going to

is he, she going to?

it is going to

is it going to?

8 “Va a estudiar” means: you are going to study

are you going to study?

he is going to study

is he going to study’

she is going to study is she going to study? Don’t forget that the third man form stands for everybody (singular) in the world except yourself. CONVERSACION ¢ Va a visitar a Maria en San Francisco? (Are you going to visit

Mary in San Francisco?) Si, voy a visitar a Maria en San Francisco. ¢ Va a San Francisco en avidn? (Are you going to San Francisco by plane?) No, no voy a San Francisco en avién. ¢

Va a San Francisco en tren?

Si, voy a San Francisco en tren. ¢ Va a comprar u n boleto? Si, voy a comprar un boleto.

¢Doénde va a comprar el boleto? Voy a comprar el boleto en la estacidn. ¢Donde va a tomar el tren? Voy a tomar el tren en l a estacién.

¢Quién va a tomar su boleto en el tren? E l conductor v a a tomar m i boleto en el tren. ¢Va a hablar con el conductor?

Si, voy a hablar con el conductor.

Va a besar al conductor? Ay no, eso es ridiculo, no voy a besar al conductor.

¢

¢V a atomarlacenaenel tren?

Si, voy a tomar la cena en el tren.

78

Lesson Number Eleven

: Va a hablar con una sefiorita en el tren? Si, probablemente voy a hablar con una senorita en el tren. ¢

Va a estudiar en el tren?

Si, voy a estudiar en el tren. ¢

Va a terminar la composicion para la clase en el tren?

Si, voy a terminar l a composicién para la clase en el tren. : V a a besar a Maria e n l a estacién en San Francisco? Si, voy a besar a Maria e n l a estaci on.

¢ V a a estacionar su auto en frente de l a casa de Maria?

No, no voy a estacionar m i auto en frente de la casa de Maria. M i auto n o esta e n San Francisco. ¢Donde esta su auto?

M i auto esta e n casa.

: Va a tomar u n taxi en frente de la estacién con Maria? Si, voy a tomar u n taxi en frente de la estacién con Maria. ¢ Va a fotografiar a Maria?

Si, voy a fotografiar a Maria con m i camara.

Va a invitar a Maria al cine en San Francisco? Si, voy a invitar a Maria al cine.

¢

¢ Va a comprar los boletos para el cine?

Si, naturalmente, voy a comprar los boletos para el cine. ¢

Va a estar en San Francisco manana?

No, no voy a estar en San Francisco mafiana.

SENTENCE-FORMING EXERCISE

Combine the words below in different ways to form as many sentences as you can. Be sure t o use words from each of the columns in every sentence you form.

1 Voy a

(I’m going to)

2 estudiar

3 la leccién

4 esta tarde

terminar la composicion mafiana estar (to be) en casa esta mafiana estacionar

(at home)

esta noche

79

Leccion Numero Once 8 :Vaa

(Are you going to?)

hablar con comprar besar a

su auto el doctor

Cuba la clase

la cena

a l a fiesta

(to the party)

u n sombrero fotografiar a Maria visitar a Roberto invitar a su mama tomar Alicia u n taxi el tren

EXERCISE IN TRANSLATION

Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Write out each sentence

in Spanish, using the columns above as a guide. Check

your sentences with the correct translations below this exercise. 7. I'm going t o invite Alice t o I'm going t o take a taxi. I.

Q.

I'm going to buy a car. I ’ m going to visit Mary to-

the party.

8. Are you going t o finish the night. composition? I’m going t o buy a hat this Are you going t o Cuba? 1 0 . Are you going t o the class? afternoon. . I’m going t o be a t home this I I . Are you going to be at home tonight? morning. I ’ m going t o study the lesson 1 2 . Are you going t o park your car? this afternoon.

3.

9.

Check your sentences with the correct translations below. . Voy a tomar u n taxi. . Voy a comprar u n auto.

7. Voy a invitar a Alicia a la

Voy a visitar a Maria esta noche. Voy a comprar u n sombrero esta tarde. . Voy a estar en casa esta

8. ¢ Va a terminar la composicion?

manana.

. Voy a estudiar la leccién esta

fiesta.

0. ¢ V a

10. ¢ 11.

a Cuba?

Va a la clase?

¢Va a estar en casa esta noche?

12. ¢

Va a estacionar su auto?

tarde.

CATEGORY XV

You can convert many English words that end in “ive” into Spanish by changing the “ive” to “‘ivo.”

80

Lesson Number Eleven

IVE =1IVO active = activo

the explosive = el explosivo destructivo

instintivo

digestivo

(instinctive) instructivo

interrogativo

primitivo

agresivo

efectivo evasivo €XCesivo exclusivo

perceptivo POsesiIvo positivo

productivo progresivo

alterna tivo atractiv o colectivo

expansivo explosivo expresivo

intransitiv o intuitiv o inventivo

comparativo

fugitivo

consecutivo conservativo creativo decisivo defectivo defensivo definitivo derivativo

furtivo

abusivo activo adhesivo

adjetivo (adjective)

descriptivo

imaginativo imperativo impulsivo incentivo INCISIVO

indicativ o infinitivo informativo

legislativo lucrativo motivo narrativo nativ o

negativo nutriti vo

provocativo receptivo

reflexivo relativo repulsivo respectivo

retroactivo sedativo

objetivo (objective)

superlativo

ofensivo

transitivo

subversivo

opresivo pasivo

P O R is used with communications and time. EXAMPLES:

por radio, on the radio por una hora, for an hour

PARA is used with people and occasions. EXAMPLES:

para mimama, for my mother para la fiesta, for the party

POR (communications, time) por cable, by cable por teléfono, on the phone por radio, on the radio por televisién, on television por una hora, for an hour por una semana, for a week

PARA (people, occasions)

para m i mama, for my mother

para Roberto, for Robert para mi, for me para el doctor, for the doctor para la clase, for the class para la fiesta, for the party

Leccidn Numero Once

81

|

REMINDER CARD 8

Voy a

comprar

una casa

(I'm going to)

visitar a estar (to be)

Maria encasa

estudiar

la lecciéon

Cuba

esta noche

la clase

mafiana

tomar

la cena

8 ¢Vaa (Are you going to?)

8Vaa (Yon are going to)

u n taxi el avién e l tren

Test Your Progress n.. that you have completed eleven lessons this is a good place t o pause and see what you have learned. The following test is chosen from the categories of words that you should know at

this point. Let’s see how well you have learned them. TEST |

Fill in the blanks with the Spanish equivalents of the following English words. You should be able t o complete this test in fifteen minutes.

the aspirin

the actor

17.

2.

natural

18. descriptive

the president

10.

curiosity

the favor

20.

the situation

elastic

21.

delicious

probable

22.

tlexible

the restaurant

23.

the agency

artistic

24.

attractive

the cable

25.

the sardine

10.

superior

26. terrible

11.

the doctor

27.

12.

important

28. generous

13.

urgent

29.

the invitation

14.

the client

30.

insignificant

15.

personal

31. the optimist

© © FPDP p w

I.

16. the license —

the dentist

3 2 . famous

83

Leccion Numero Once . the medicine

33: the action 34- the pianist

35- meticulous

. television

.

e——

. the coincidence

—

36. the university

. active

-

3 7 the tractor -

. electricity

38. prosperity

. the recommendation

39: the telegram

. excellent

—

40. the production 41.

————

. the responsibility

the distance

50.

the tendency

That was a fair test. Each word illustrated something you have

learned by now if you have read the lessons seriously. Now check your words with the correct answers below. If you

ed dd

probable

23.

el restaurante artistico

24. atractivo 25. la sardina 26. terrible 2 7 . el dentista 28. generoso 20. la invitacién 30. insignificante 31. el optimista 32. famoso 33. la accion

el cable

. urgente el cliente

bed fg

el favor elastico

el presidente

. importante

. personal . la licencia . la aspirina

OOO

peg

18. descriptivo curiosidad 2 0 . la situacidén 2 1 . delicioso 2 2 . flexible

. superior . el doctor

~~

py

el actor natural

ON

Pd

OL OI

OH

RN ~

have m a d eno more than six errors you are doing superior work. Continue to read the lessons as carefully as you have before. If you have not written more than twenty-five words correctly, you are only hitting the high spots. I suggest that you review the categories before you go on t o the next lesson.

10.

la agencia

34- el pianista

35 meticuloso 36. l a universidad 3 7 el tractor 38. prosperidad 39- el telegrama 4 0 . la produccidén la distancia 4 2 . la medicina 43- television 44- la. coincidencia 45- activo 46. electricidad 47- la recomendacién 48. excelente 41.

49. la responsabilidad 50.

la tendencia

84

Lesson Number Eleven TEST I I

This test will show you how well you have learned the verbs. Fill in the blanks with the Spanish equivalents of the following English words. You should be able t o complete this test in ten minutes. 1.

I prepared.

2.

Did you take?

—

3. Ididn’t invite.

-

I’m going t o Cuba.

13. Ididn’t prepare.

-

——

.

6. Did you talk?

15. Robert visited.

8. I bought.

EE

16. Are you going t o buy?

7. Robert talked. -

-

17. I’m going to take.

g. Did you buy?

:

10.

I'm going to invite.

18. I’m going t o talk.

11.

Are you going t o visit? ——

19. Are you going t o talk?

Jy

ox

14. Iinvited.

4. I visited. 5. I talked.

12.

-

—

20.

I ’ m going t o study.

This test is not easy. If you have 1 5 or more correct answers your work is superior. If you have less than 1 0 correct answers

you should review the verbs before you go on t o the next lesson. Check your verbs with the correct answers below. Preparé. 2 . ; Tomo usted? 3. No invite. 4. Visité, 5. Hablé. 1.

6. ¢Hablé usted? 7. Roberto habla. 8. Compré. 9. ¢Compr6 usted? 1 0 . Voy a invitar.

85

Leccion N u m e r o Once 11.

¢ Va a visitar?

12.

Voy a Cuba.

13.

No preparé.

14.

Invité. Roberto visito.

15.

16. : Va a comprar? 17. Voy a tomar. 18. Voy a hablar. 1 9 . ¢ Va a hablar? 20.

Voy a estudiar.

TEST I l ]

The following test will show you how well you can understand Spanish sentences written on the subjects you have learned. Write the English equivalents of the following Spanish sentences. You should be able t o complete this test in ten minutes. I.

Es importante.

2.

El programa es muy interesante.

I1. 12.

. Preparé la leccion esta

13.

manana.

El paciente preocup6 al doctor. «Como esta usted? Compré una blusa esta maiana.

. T o m é l a cena con Roberto anoche.

14.

Q u é compré Alicia esta

. Maria hablé por teléfono. . Hablé de México en la

15.

tarde? ¢Cuando compré usted la

. casa’?

16. ¢Doénde esta m i sombrero?

clase.

. ¢Copio usted la com1 7 . ¢Va a estar en Cuba posicién? mafiana? M i papa estaciond el auto. 18. Voy al cine esta noche. . ¢Quién hablé por teléfono 1 0 . Voy a tomar la cena en el tren.

esta manana? 10.

¢Quién entré?

20.

(Quién va a comprar los boletos?

This was an easy test. If you have eighteen or more correct answers you are doing superior work. If you have less than twelve correct answers you are not reading the lessons carefully enough. Try to do better on the next lessons.

Check your sentences with the correct translations below. I.

It’s important.

2 , T h e program

is very inter-

esting. 3. I prepared the lesson this morning.

4. I had dinner with Robert last night. 5. Mary called up. 6. I talked about Mexico in the

class.

86

Lesson Number Eleven

Did you copy the composition? . M y father parked the car (auto).

. Who called up this morning? 10.

Who came in? (Who went

Il.

in?) The patient worried the doctor.

12. 13.

How are you? I bought a blouse this morning.

14.

What did Alice buy this

15.

afternoon? When did you buy

the

house? 10. Where is my hat? 1 7 . Are you going t o be i n Cuba tomorrow? (Is he, she going to be i n Cuba tomorrow?)

18. I ' m going t o the movies tonight. 19. I’m going to have dinner on t h e train. 20.

Who is going to buy the tickets?

12 Leccion Numero Doce

lif

fo

bal | r #0 ULEC C A |

¢

&£

¢

«

C4

la fdbrica

a a comprar” is a third man form and means:

you are going to buy he is going to buy she 1s going to buy

are you going to buy? is he going to buy? is she going to buy?

In fact, it refers to anybody (singular) in the world except yourself. When pupils reach this point they often ask, “How do you know who's going to buy, if it can mean so many different persons?’ The answer is that people always know the subject of

their conversation. If they are talking about Charles, it obviously means that Charles is going to buy. If they are talking about

Mary, it means that Mary is going to buy, and so on. In Spanish you always establish the subject of conversation and continue to talk in the third man form indefinitely. Everyone knows that if you are talking about Charles, everything you say is

about Charles, although you don’t mention him again. Then,

88

Lesson Number Twelve

when you want to change the subject, you mention somebody else.

For example, “Is Mary going t o San Francisco too?” This starts a whole conversation about Mary.

One day, one of my pupils asked a Mexican visitor, “How do you know what you're talking about?’ The Mexican smiled and answered, “Sefiorita, Mexicans always know what they're talking about, don’t Americans?”

(Va a comprar la casa? Are you going to buy the house? 2 . «Va a comprar la casa su papa? Is your father going to buy the house? Notice that the two questions above are identical except that the words “su papa” have been added t o the second. This word order is used when asking about a third person in the future. E X A M P L E S: 1.

1.

;Va a comprar un sombrero? Are you going to buy a hat? ;Va a comprar un sombrero su mama? Is your mother going to buy a hat’ ;Va a estacionar el auto? Are you going to park the car?

2.

¢Va a estacionar el auto Roberto? Is Robert going to park the

1.

car? V a a tomar u n taxi? Are you going to take a taxi? ¢Va a tomar un taxi Maria? Is Mary going to take a taxi?

1.

2.

2.

WORDS TO REMEMBER

la universidad, the university = mafiana, tomorrow

la fdbrica, the factory Carlos, Charles

cuindo, when probablemente, probably

qué, what

TRABAJE,I worked TRABAJAR, to work N O TRABAJE,I didn’t work 8 :TRA BAJO USTED? Did you work? Voy a trabajar. I'm going to work

8 ;Va a trabajar Carlos? Is Charles going to work? CONVERSACION

{Va a trabajar manana? Si, voy a trabajar mafiana.

Leccion Numero Doce

¢Dénde va a trabajar? Voy a trabajar en la universidad. ¢

Va a trabajar maifiana el profesor?

Si, el profesor v a a trabajar manana.

¢Donde va a trabajar el profesor? El profesor va a trabajar en la universidad.

Va a trabajar mafiana su papa? Si, papa va a trabajar mafiana. ¢

¢Dénde va a trabajar su papa?

Papa va a trabajar en la oficina. ¢ Va a trabajar esta tarde el doctor? Si, el doctor va a trabajar esta tarde.

¢Doénde va a trabajar el doctor? E l doctor va a trabajar en el hospital. ¢Va a trabajar mafiana Carlos?

Si, Carlos va a trabajar mafiana. :Dénde va a trabajar Carlos? Carlos va a trabajar en la fabrica. ;Doénde va a trabajar Maria? Maria va a trabajar en casa. ¢Va a comprar una casa su papa’ Si, papa va a comprar una casa. ¢ Va a comprar una casa en San Francisco? No, no va a comprar una casa en San Francisco.

¢Dénde va a comprar la casa? Va a comprar la casa en Santa Barbara. ¢Cuando va a comprar la casa? Va a comprar la casa manana. ¢Va a comprar una casa su mama? No, no va a comprar una casa. ¢Qué va a comprar su mama? Va a comprar un sombrero y un suéter para papa. ¢Va a comprar una blusa? Si, probablemente va a comprar una blusa.

89

90

~~

Lesson Number Twelve

: Compré usted un radio?

¢Comproé usted una blusa?

No, no compré un radio.

No, no compré una blusa.

¢V a a comprar u n radio?

Si, probablemente va a comprar un radio. S E N T E N C E - F O R M I N G EXERCISES

Combine the words below in different ways t o form as many sentences as you can. Just be sure to use words from each of the columns in every sentence you form.

A

1 8:Vaa

2 comprar

3 una casa

4 Roberto?

trabajar

mafana

Maria?

tomar

la cena

Carlos?

hablar estacionar estudiar preparar instalar

por teléfono el auto la leccion el radio un taxi

Alicia? el doctor? su mama? su papa? Marta?

B 4

2

3

va a (is going to)

exportar importar

café perfume

Alicia

recitar

un poema

Marta

votar

manana

Roberto

copiar

laleccion

El doctor

visitar

al paciente

Mi mami

aceptar

M i papa

trabajar

l a invitacion esta tarde

1 Maria Carlos

tomar

l a cena u n taxi

EXERCISE I N TRANSLATION

Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Write out each sentence 1n Spanish, using the columns above as a guide. Check vour sentences with the correct translations below this exercise.

4)

Leccion Numero Doce

8. Is Martha going t o have

Is Robert going to buy a house? 2 . Is Mary going t o work toIMOorrow? . Is Charles going t o park the car? Is your father going t o take a taxi? . Is your mother going t o preI.

0.

IO .

11.

(take) dinner? Charles is going to import coffee. Martha is going t o vote tomorrow. The doctor is going t o visit the patient.

12.

pare dinner? Is the doctor going to buy the car? . Is Charles going t o prepare

13.

the lesson?

M y mother is going t o accept the invitation. M y father is going to have (take) dinner.

14.

Alice is going to take a taxi.

15.

Mary is going to recite a poem.

Check your sentences with the correct translations below.

7. ¢Va a preparar la leccién

. ¢Va a comprar una casa

Carlos?

Roberto?

. ¢Va

a

8. ¢ V a tomar la cena Marta? Q . Carlos va a importar café.

trabajar manana

Maria?

10.

Marta va a votar manana.

Carlos?

I1.

: V a a tomar u n taxi su papa?

12.

a preparar la cena su mama?

13.

¢Va

14.

El doctor va a visitar al paciente. M i mami va a aceptar la invitacion. M i papa va a tomar la cena. Alicia va a tomar un taxi.

15.

Maria

. ¢ V a a estacionar el auto

¢ Va

a comprar el auto el doctor?

va

a

recitar

un

poema.

The plural of “voy a” and “va a” is “vamos a ” (we are going to) and ‘““van a” (they are going to). IR, to go

VOY A (I’m going to) 8 VA A (you are going to, he, she, itis going to)

VAMOS A (we are going to) |

|

88 VAN A (they, you (pl.) are going to)

92

Lesson Number Twelve

Notice that there are two third man figures before the plural

third man form. The plural third man form of the verbs will be indicated by two third man figures throughout the book. SINGULAR

PLURAL

Voy a trabajar. I’m going to

Vamos a trabajar. We are go-

work. 8 V a a trabajar. You are going

ing to work. 8 8 Van a trabajar. They are going to work.

t o work.

Fill in the blanks below with the following words: trabajar

visitar a Maria

estudiar

invitar a Carlos

votar

tomar la cena comprar una casa

hablar por teléfono 1.

Voy a (I’m going to)

2.

Vaa

anaie

"

(You are going to)

3. Vamos a (We are going to)

.

———

4. V a n a (Th e y are going to)

5. Carlosva a (Charles is going to) “Vamos a ” means “ w e are going to” and also “let’s” o r “let’s

go” (to a place).

Vamos al cine. Let’s go to the movies. Vamos al parque. Let's go to the park. Vamos a la fiesta. Let’s go to the party. Vamos a terminar. Let’s finish.

Leccion Numero Doce

93

REMINDER CARD 9

Voy a

tomar la cena

(I’m going to)

tomar

u n taxi

(You are going to)

hablar por teléfono comprar una b l blusa trabajar mafiana

Vamos a ( W e are going to,) (let’s go, let's)

votar a la fiesta a l cine

8 Vaa

a la clase

838 Van a (They are going to)

EXTRA WORDS

el sibado, Saturday, on Saturday el domingo, Sunday, on Sunday

el miércoles, Wednesday, on Wednesday el jueves, Thursday, on T hursday

el lunes, Monday, on Monday el martes, Tuesday, on Tues-

el viernes, Friday, o n Friday

day

I’m going to a party on Saturday. Voy a una fiesta el sibado. I n Spanish you NEVER say “on Saturday” but simply “the Saturday.” FUTURE TENSE

There is a future tense in Spanish which is not frequently used in conversation. You will find it used more often in written Spanish. Add the following endings t o the complete infinitive. £

( I ) | EMOS (we)

8 A (you) | 88 AN (they)

94

Lesson Number Twelve COMPRAR, to buy COMPRARE

COMPRAREMOS

( I shall buy)

(we shall buy)

8 COMPRARA

8 8 COMPRARAN

(you will buy)

(they will buy) VENDER, to sell

VENDERE ( I shall sell)

VENDEREMOS (we shall sell)

8 VENDERA (you urll sell)

8 8 VENDERAN (they will sell)

ESCRIBIR, to write ESCRIBIRE ( I shall write)

ESCRIBIREMOS (we shall write)

8 ESCRIBIRA

8 8 ESCRIBIRAN

(you will write)

(they will write)

You needn’t learn this tense now. Just look it over and re-

member that it exists.

cion

o Trece

NU

el calendario

VERBS T H A T E N D I N “ER”

AND

“IR”

ll the verbs you have learned thus far end in “ar” in the infinitive. However, there are two other kinds of verbs in Spanish, which end in “er” or in “ir” in the infinitive. EXAMPLES:

RECIBIR, to receive ESCRIBIR, to write

DESCRIBIR, to describe COMPRENDER, to understand

SERVIR, to serve

VENDER, to sell

Voy a recibir. I’m going to receive. 8 V a a servir café? Are you going to serve coffee? WORDS TO REMEMBER

el diccionario, the dictionary el calendario, the calendar el dormitorio, the bedroom

u n diario, a diary por favor, please absolutamente, absolutely

96

Lesson Number Thirteen

discreto, discreet

una carta, a letter

la secretaria, the secretary muchos (masc.), many (fem.) muchas (fem.), many el notario pablico, the notary muchos teléfonos, many telepublic phones e l obituario, the obituary

muchas cartas, many letters

es terrible, it’s terrible,is it terrible? eso es terrible, thatis terrible € S necesario, it’s necessary, is it

necessary? es necesario escribir, it is necessary to write, is it necessary to write?

el directorio de teléfono, the telephone directory hay, there is, there are, is there? are there? el despacho, the office

Note: “Despacho” and “oficina” both mean “office.” In some countries “despacho” is more common, in others, “oficina.” It’s good t o know both.

CONVERSACION

¢é Va a recibir muchas cartas esta mafiana? Si, voy a recibir muchas cartas esta mafiana.

é Va a escribir muchas cartas esta maifiana? Si, voy a escribir muchas cartas esta mafiana.