Macken's law of employment [8th edition.] 9780455237824, 0455237824

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Macken’s Law of Employment

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Macken’s Law of Employment CAROLYN SAPPIDEEN LLB (Melb), LLM (Syd) Barrister and Solicitor Professor of Law, Western Sydney University

PAUL M O’GRADY QC LLB, BComm (Melb) Barrister – Victorian Bar Honorary Senior Fellow, Melbourne Law School The University of Melbourne

JOELLEN RILEY BA (Hons), MA (Syd), LLB (Hons 1) (Syd), BCL (Hons 1) (Oxon), PhD (Syd) Professor of Labour Law, Sydney Law School, The University of Sydney

with BELINDA SMITH BEcon (Soc Sci) (Hons), LLB (Hons) (Syd), JSD (Col) Associate Professor, Sydney Law School, The University of Sydney

EIGHTH EDITION

LAWBOOK CO. 2016

Published in Sydney by Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited ABN 64 058 914 668 19 Harris Street, Pyrmont, NSW First edition 1978 Third edition 1990 Fifth edition 2002 Seventh edition 2011

Second edition 1984 Fourth edition 1997 Sixth edition 2008

Creator: Sappideen, C. (Carolyn), author. Title: Macken’s law of employment / Carolyn Sappideen, Paul O’Grady, Joellen Riley, Belinda Smith. Edition: 8th edition. ISBN: 9780455237824 (paperback) Notes: Previous edition: 2011. Includes index. Subjects: Labor laws and legislation--Australia. Other Creators/Contributors: Macken, J. J. (James Joseph), 1927- Law of employment. O’Grady, Paul, (Paul M.), author. Riley, Joellen, author. Smith, Belinda, contributor. Dewey Number: 344.94011 © 2016 Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited This publication is copyright. Other than for the purposes of and subject to the conditions prescribed under the Copyright Act, no part of it may in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, microcopying, photocopying, recording or otherwise) be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted without prior written permission. Inquiries should be addressed to the publishers. All legislative material herein is reproduced by permission but does not purport to be the official or authorised version. It is subject to Commonwealth of Australia copyright. The Copyright Act 1968 permits certain reproduction and publication of Commonwealth legislation. In particular, s 182A of the Act enables a complete copy to be made by or on behalf of a particular person. For reproduction or publication beyond that permitted by the Act, permission should be sought in writing. Requests should be submitted online at http://www.ag.gov.au/cca, faxed to (02) 6250 5989 or mailed to Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Attorney-General’s Department, Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Barton ACT 2600. Editor: Lara Weeks Product Developer: Vickie Ma Publisher: Robert Wilson Printed by Ligare Pty Ltd, Riverwood, NSW This book has been printed on paper certified by the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). PEFC is committed to sustainable forest management through third party forest certification of responsibly managed forests. For more info: http://www.pefc.org

Preface In the decades since the first publication of this work (as The Common Law of Employment, in 1978) the law relating to the employment relationship in Australia has evolved considerably. In 1978, it made a great deal of sense to dedicate a scholarly work to the interrogation of the common law of employment, given that most other books on labour law at the time focused on the system of conciliation and arbitration governing collective industrial relations. Over the years, however, it has become much more difficult to segregate matters concerning the individual employment relationship (governed largely by employment contract law) from the statutory regulation of the labour market. Different federal regimes have come and gone in that time – the Industrial Relations Act 1988 (Cth) was supplanted by the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cth), which was substantially amended in 2006 by Work Choices, and ultimately replaced by the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth). Each successive edition of this work has accommodated the elements of those statutory regimes (and indeed the elements of state-based legislation) that speak to the regulation of the individual employment relationship, while maintaining a comprehensive commentary and analysis of common law principles. For the first time, this 8th edition makes the growing influence of federal statutory law more explicit, by dividing our chapters into two essential parts, the first dealing (largely) with common law, and the second with statutory influences. Our publishers have been diligent in communicating with readers of earlier editions (and especially with those universities who rely upon our book in teaching employment law), and we have responded to their suggestions that we should include a dedicated chapter on work, health and safety (a field now dominated by statutory obligations), and more detailed analysis of elements of the Fair Work Act, including the provisions dealing with modern awards and enterprise agreements, unfair dismissal and general protections. This edition also includes material on the relatively recently enacted workplace bullying jurisdiction of the Fair Work Commission. We are confident that this edition continues to provide thoughtful and reliable commentary on common law developments. The High Court of Australia decision in Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Barker, for example, necessitated considerable revision of our views on the application in Australia of the English duty not to destroy mutual trust and confidence in the employment relationship. The law in this edition is stated to May 2016. Our special thanks, as always, to the Lawbook editors and especially to Lara Weeks and Lucas Frederick, without whose help this edition would not have been possible. CAROLYN SAPPIDEEN PAUL O’GRADY JOELLEN RILEY Sydney, May 2016

Table of Contents Preface ....................................................................................................................... v Table of Cases ........................................................................................................ ix Table of Statutes ............................................................................................... lxxxix 1 Employment Law in an Age of Statutes ............................................................... 1 2 The Relationship of Employer and Employee .................................................... 13 3 Labour Hire .......................................................................................................... 67 4 Formation of a Contract of Employment ............................................................ 97 5 Contractual Duties During the Employment .................................................... 161 6 Safety at Work ................................................................................................... 251 7 Suspension and Stand Down ............................................................................. 319 8 Terminating the Contract of Employment for Breach ...................................... 329 9 Other Modes of Termination of the Contract of Employment ........................ 367 10 Remedies – Actions for Wages or Damages .................................................. 415 11 Injunction and Declaration .............................................................................. 453 12 Conditions of Employment .............................................................................. 479 13 Statutory Protection for Job Security .............................................................. 513 14 Industrial Action .............................................................................................. 567 15 Anti-discrimination Law .................................................................................. 617 Index ...................................................................................................................... 651

Table of Cases A A v Hayden [No 2] (1984) 156 CLR 532 ................................................. 4.310, 4.330, 5.710 A,DC v Prince Alfred College Incorporated [2015] SASCFC 161 ............................... 6.60 A R Griffith v Richards (1996) QCA 417; [2000] 1 Qd R 116 ........................ 5.440, 5.460 AB, Re [2014] FWC 6723 ................................................................................................ 13.380 AB Oxford Cold Storage v Arnott [2003] VSC 452 ..................................................... 5.390 ABC v Lenah Game Meats Pty Ltd (2001) 208 CLR 199 ................................ 5.400, 5.680 ABC Developmental Learning Centres Pty Ltd v Wallace [2007] VSCA 138 .................................................................................................................................... 6.350 ABCC v Mitchell & Ors [2011] FMCA 622 ................................................................... 6.610 ABK Ltd v Foxwell [2002] EWHC 9 .............................................................................. 5.800 ABN AMRO Bank NV v Bathurst Regional Council (2014) 224 FCR 1; [2014] FCAFC 65 .............................................................................................. 5.540, 5.550 ACCC v 4WD Systems Pty Ltd (2003) 200 ALR 49 ..................................................... 4.300 ACCC v Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd (1997) 145 ALR 36 .............................. 13.310 ACCC v Automotive, Food, Metals, Engineering, Printing & Kindred Industries Union [2004] FCA 517 .............................................................................. 14.50 ACCC v CG Berbatis Holdings Pty Ltd (2003) 214 CLR 51 ...................................... 4.290 ACCC v CG Berbatis Holdings Pty Ltd (No 2) (2000) 96 FCR 491 .......................... 4.290 ACCC v Samton (2002) 117 FCR 301 ............................................................................. 4.290 ACCC v Simply No-Knead (Franchising) Pty Ltd (2000) 104 FCR 253 ................... 4.300 ACE Insurance Ltd v Trifunovski (2013) 209 FCR 146; [2013] FCAFC 3 .............. 2.250, 2.280, 2.290, 2.350, 2.360, 2.370 ACN 050 541 047 Ltd, Re [2002] NSWSC 586 .......................... 4.130, 4.510, 4.520, 4.530 ACTEW Corporation Ltd v Pangallo (2002) 127 FCR 1; [2002] FCAFC 325 ...................................................................................................................... 9.190, 12.340 ADC v White [2001] NSWCA 9 ........................................................................................ 6.60 AED Oil Ltd v Back [2009] VSC 158 ............................................................... 14.80, 14.330 AEU v Victoria [2015] FCA 1196 .................................................................................. 12.160 AFMEPKIU v Australian Dried Fruit Sales (1997) 74 IR 386 ................................... 5.150 AFMEPKIU v DMG Industries Pty Ltd (2000) 102 IR 175 .................................... 13.310 AFMEPKIU v Eaton Electrical Systems Pty Ltd (2005) 139 IR 260 ........................ 11.90 AFMEPKIU v Maintenance Resource Engineering Pty Ltd [2003] FCA 570 ................................................................................................................................. 13.320 AFMEPKIU v Mechanical Engineering Services Pty Ltd [2007] FCA 1736 .................................................................................................................................... 9.50 AFMEPKIU v Southcorp Holdings (unreported, AIRC, Munro J, 7 March 2001) .................................................................................................................... 4.200 AFMEPKIU v United Milk Tasmania (2000) 140 IR 51 ............................................. 9.190 AG Australia Holdings Ltd v Burton [2002] NSWSC 170 ................... 5.670, 5.710, 5.720 AJ Mills & Sons Pty Ltd v Transport Workers’ Union of NSW [2009] NSWIRComm135; (2009) 187 IR 56 ............................................................... 2.90, 2.180 ALAEA v Qantas Airways Ltd [2011] FMCA 58 ....................................................... 13.240 ALDI Foods Pty Ltd v Transport Workers’ Union of Australia (2012) 227 IR 120 .................................................................................................................... 12.170 ix

Macken’s Law of Employment

ALHMWU v Coca-Cola Amatil [2000] FCA 782 ................................................... 13.250 ALHMWU v Commonwealth (1994) 55 IR 18 ......................................................... 9.220 ALHMWU v Liquorland (Aust) Pty Ltd (2002) 114 IR 165 ................................. 13.240 ALHMWU v Terranora Lakes Country Club Pty Ltd (1996) 19 ACSR 689 ............................................................................................................................... 9.320 ALHMWU v Woonona Bulli RSL Memorial Club Ltd (2007) 166 IR 314 ........ 13.340 ALZ v Workcover NSW [2015] NSWCATAP 138 ................................................... 5.400 AMACSU v McIntyre (1996) 73 IR 170 ..................................................................... 13.10 AMEV-UDC Finance Ltd v Austin (1986) 60 ALJR 741 ...................................... 10.110 AMIEU v Aziz [1998] FCA 925 .................................................................................. 9.320 AMIEU v Belandra Pty Ltd (2003) 126 IR 165 ....................................................... 13.250 AMIEU v Central Queensland Meat Export Co (Aust) Pty Ltd (1999) 90 IR 364 ................................................................................................................ 5.320, 9.40 AMIEU v G & K O’Connor Pty Ltd (2000) 100 IR 383 .... 11.10, 11.60, 11.70, 11.80, 11.90, 13.300, 13.320 AMP Services Ltd v Mann [2006] FCA 256 ........................... 5.530, 5.540, 5.600, 5.640 AMWU v Toyota Motor Corporation Australia [2013] FWA 8237 ........................ 4.520 AMWU v Visy Board Pty Ltd [2013] FWC 323 ........................................................ 4.530 ANF v Alcheringa Hostel Incorporated (2004) 136 FCR 530 .............................. 13.280 ANF v Croft Health Care (Vic) Pty Ltd [2000] FCA 93 ........................................ 13.320 ANZ v Bartlett [2016] NSWCA 30 ............................................................................. 5.240 APESMA v Skilled Engineering Pty Ltd (1994) 122 ALR 471; 54 IR 236 ............ 7.20, 8.50, 9.60, 13.100 APT Technology Pty Ltd v Aladesaye [2014] FCA 966 ................... 5.530, 5.570, 5.600 ASIC v Citigroup Global Markets Pty Ltd (No 4) (2007) 241 ALR 705 .............. 5.830, 8.350 ASIC v National Exchange Pty Ltd [2005] FCAFC 226 .......................................... 4.300 ASU v Ansett Australia Ltd (2000) 175 ALR 173 ......... 13.170, 13.250, 13.280, 13.300 ASU v Greater Dandenong City Council (2000) 101 IR 143 ..... 11.10, 13.240, 13.300, 13.320 ASU v Greater Dandenong City Council (No 2) [2001] FCA 1076 .................... 13.320 ATS (Asia Pacific) Pty Ld v Dun Oir Investments Pty Ltd [2012] FCA 1460 ............................................................................................................................. 4.300 AWU v BHP Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2001) 106 FCR 482 ..... 13.30, 13.230, 13.240, 13.270, 13.300 AWU v John Holland Pty Ltd (2000) 102 IR 172 ................................................... 13.320 AWU v Johnson Matthey (Aust) Ltd (2000) 171 ALR 410 .................................... 13.240 AWU v Johnson Matthey (Aust) Ltd [2000] FCA 728 ........................................... 13.310 AWU v Mackay Harbour Board; Re Keane (1939) 33 QJP 124 .............................. 8.360 AWU v Stegbar Australia Pty Ltd [2001] FCA 367 ..................................................... 7.30 AWU-FIME Amalgamated Union v Queensland Alumina Ltd (1995) 62 IR 385 ............................................................................................................ 8.320, 13.160 AWU (NSW Branch) v Grain Handling Authority of NSW (1988) 22 IR 447 ............................................................................................................................... 8.210 AZ v The Age [No 1] [2013] VSC 335 ............................................................ 6.230, 6.240 Abbott-Etherington v Houghton Motors Pty Ltd (1995) 63 IR 394 ................... 13.210 Abdalla v Viewdaze Pty Ltd (2003) 122 IR 215; [2003] AIRC 504 ............ 2.240, 2.250, 2.290, 2.320 Able Tours Pty Ltd v Mann [2009] WASC 192 .......................................................... 5.550 Ablett v Gemco Rail Pty Ltd [2010] FWA 8124 ........................................................ 12.40 Abood v Heartland Motors Pty Ltd [2010] NSWIRComm 52 ............................... 5.510 Abrahams v Performing Rights Society Ltd [1995] ICR 1028 ...... 9.150, 9.190, 10.220, 10.350 x

Table of Cases

Access for All Alliance (Hervey Bay) Inc v Hervey Bay City Council [2004] FMCA 915 ................................................................................................... 15.140 Accident Compensation Commission v Odco Pty Ltd (1990) 64 ALJR 606 .................................................................................................................... 2.320, 3.100 Achal v Electrolux Pty Ltd (1993) 50 IR 236 .......................................... 8.90, 9.50, 9.100 Acrow (Automation) Ltd v Rex Chainbelt Inc [1971] 1 WLR 1676 ..... 14.350, 14.390, 14.410 Actew Corporation Ltd v Pangallo [2002] FCAC 325 .............................................. 4.520 Actrol Parts Pty Ltd v Coppi (No 2) [2015] VSC 694 .................................. 9.140, 9.400 Adami v Maison De Luxe Ltd (1924) 35 CLR 143 ............................ 8.190, 8.220, 8.230 Adams v Union Cinemas [1939] 3 All ER 136 ............................................................ 9.40 Adamson v Jarvis (1827) 4 Bing 66; 130 ER 693 .......................................... 5.350, 5.370 Adamson v NSW Rugby League Ltd (1990) 27 FCR 535 ....................................... 4.360 Adamson v West Perth Football Club (1979) 39 FLR 199 ...................................... 4.360 Addis v Gramophone Co Ltd [1909] AC 488 ................................ 10.90, 10.260, 10.270 Adelaide Hebrew Congregation Inc v Engel [2007] SADC 23 ..................... 2.400, 4.50 Adidem Pty Ltd v Suckling [2014] FWCFB 3611 ..................................................... 5.800 Administrative and Clerical Officers Association v Commonwealth (1979) 53 ALJR 588 ................................................................................................ 12.370 Adrema Ltd v Jenkinson [1945] 1 KB 446 ................................................................. 9.370 Advance Resource Services Pty Ltd v Charlton [2006] SAIRC 79; (2006) 157 IR 341 ...................................................................................................... 2.250, 2.290 Advanced Australian Workplace Solutions Pty Ltd v Kangan Batman TAFE (unreported, AIRC, Giudice (President), McIntyre (VP) and Commissioner Redmond, 25 October 1999) ...................................................... 13.100 Adventure World Travel Pty Ltd v Newsom (2014) 86 NSWLR 515 ............ 9.50, 9.60 Advertiser Newspapers Pty Ltd v Industrial Relations Commission (SA) (1999) 74 SASR 240; 90 IR 211 .............................................................. 13.100, 13.120 Affinity Risk Partners (Brokers) Pty Ltd, Re [2011] FWA 295 ................................ 9.180 Affleck v Newcastle Mind [1999] ICR 852 ................................................................. 4.140 Aged Care Services Australia Group Pty Ltd v Ziday (2008) 172 IR 385 ............. 13.70 Agnew v Nationwide News Ltd PR 927597 ............................................................ 13.160 Aitken v Construction, Mining, Energy, Timberyards, Sawmills & Woodworkers Union of Australia (WA Branch) (1995) 63 IR 1 ......... 9.170, 10.330 Ajax Cooke Pty Ltd v Wong (1996) 40 AILR 7-059 ................................................. 9.180 Ajax Cooke Pty Ltd (t/as Ajax Spurway Fasteners) v Nugent (1993) 5 VIR 551 ................................................................................... 4.70, 4.130, 9.180, 12.390 Ajax Insurance Co Ltd v Smith (1962) 79 WN (NSW) 83 .................................... 10.110 Akmeemana v Murray (2009) 190 IR 66; [2009] NSWSC 979 .................. 4.480, 10.250 Alam v Ecological Development & Construction Pty Ltd [2010] FMCA 411 ............................................................................................................................... 4.230 Alcan Australia Ltd, Re; Ex parte Federation of Industrial, Manufacturing and Engineering Employees (1994) 54 IR 475 .......................... 12.90 Alcoa of Australia Ltd v Barrett (2007) 170 IR 254 ................................................. 13.10 Aldersea v Public Transport Corporation (2001) 183 ALR 545 ..... 4.520, 5.280, 8.100, 10.320, 10.330, 10.370 Aldridge v Booth (1988) 80 ALR 1; EOC 92-222 .................................................. 15.200 Alexander v Home Office [1988] 2 All ER 118 ...................................................... 15.230 Alexander v Standard Telephones and Cables plc [1990] ICR 291 ........................ 11.60 Alexander v Webber [1922] 1 KB 642 ......................................................................... 8.310 Ali v Christian Salvesen Food Services Ltd [1997] ICR 25 ...................................... 4.520 Ali v London Borough of Southwark [1988] IRLR 100 .......................................... 11.60 Alidair Ltd v Taylor [1977] ICR 446 ............................................................................ 8.240 Allcard v Skinner (1887) 36 Ch D 145 ........................................................................ 4.270 xi

Macken’s Law of Employment

Allen v Flood [1898] AC 1 ................................................. 14.110, 14.230, 14.310, 14.400 Allen v Hounga [2014] UKSC 47; [2014] ICR 847; [2012] EWCA Civ 609; [2014] 1 WLR 2889 ............................................................................... 4.310, 4.320 Allen v Hounga [2012] EWCA Civ 609 .......................................................... 4.310, 4.320 Alliance Strata Management Pty Ltd v Caputo (unreported, ICt(NSW), Hungerford J, 27 February 1996) ........................................................................... 10.50 Allied Express Transport Pty Ltd v Anderson (1998) 81 IR 410 ......................... 13.160 Allied Express Transport Pty Ltd v Mears [2010] NSWSC 1112 ........................... 5.750 Allied Mills v Trade Practices Commission (1981) 34 ALR 105 ............................. 5.710 Allison v BDO (NSW-Vic) Pty Ltd [2010] VSC 35 ....................................... 5.750, 5.760 Allison v Bega Valley Council (1995) 63 IR 68 ............................................................ 8.90 Allman v Teletech International Pty Ltd (2008) 178 IR 415 ................................... 9.190 Allstate Life Insurance Company v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (1995) 58 FCR 26 .................................................................. 14.120, 14.130 Amalgamated Collieries (WA) Ltd v True (1937) 59 CLR 417 .................... 5.20, 12.330 Ambulance Victoria v LHMU (2009) 187 IR 119 [2009] FWA 44 ......................... 14.40 Amcor Ltd v CFMEU (2005) 222 CLR 241 ....................................... 9.170, 9.190, 9.410 Amery v Department of Education & Training (NSW) [2004] NSWCA 404 ............................................................................................................... 15.140, 15.190 Ami Holdings Pty Ltd v Fairfax Media Publications [2009] NSWSC 1484 .......... 5.720 Amie Mac v Bank of Queensland Ltd [2015] FWC 774 ........................................ 13.390 Amoco v Rocca (1973) 133 CLR 310 .......................................................................... 4.420 Amy Linetta Ferguson v TNT Australia Pty Ltd [2014] WAIRCmm 20 .............. 4.130, 4.480 Andar Transport Pty Ltd v Brambles Ltd (2004) 217 CLR 424 .................. 2.380, 6.110 Anderson v BNP Paribas Securities Services [2015] FCCA 2231 .......................... 5.730 Anderson v Crown Ltd [2008] FMCA 152 .............................................................. 13.340 Anderson v Edith Cowan University [1999] FCA 1802 ......................................... 13.240 Anderson v Groote Eylandt Mining Co Pty Ltd (2000) 102 IR 5 ........................ 13.190 Anderson v STA Travel Pty Ltd (unreported, AIRC, Watson SDP, Duncan SDP and Whelan C, 19 May 2005) .......................................................... 13.80 Anderson v Umbakumba Community Council (1994) 1 IRCR 457; 56 IR 102 ............................................................................................................................. 13.120 Andonovski v Park-Tec Engineering Pty Ltd (No 6) [2015] NSWSC 341 .......... 3.170, 3.210 Andrews v VWA [2013] VCC 1615 ...................................................... 6.270, 6.500, 6.580 Andrews Advertising Pty Ltd v David Andrews [2014] NSWSC 318 ........ 5.350, 5.580 Annetta v Ansett Australia Ltd (2000) 98 IR 233 ........................ 13.150, 13.160, 13.180 Annetts v McCann (1990) 170 CLR 596 ..................................................................... 2.410 Ansell Rubber Co Pty Ltd v Allied Rubber Industries Pty Ltd [1967] VR 37 .......................................................................................................... 5.610, 5.660, 5.680 Ansett Transport Industries (Operations) Pty Ltd v Australian Federation of Air Pilots (1989) 95 ALR 211 ............. 14.80, 14.110, 14.140, 14.150, 14.160, 14.170, 14.200, 14.250, 14.260, 14.330, 14.350, 14.360, 14.380, 14.400, 14.410 Ansett Transport Industries (Operations) Pty Ltd v Wardley (1984) EOC 92-002 ............................................................................................................ 15.60, 15.270 Ansett Transport Industries Operations Pty Ltd v Australian Federation of Air Pilots (1989) 95 ALR 211 ............................................................................ 14.20 Anthony Smith & Associates Pty Ltd v Sinclair (1996) 67 IR 240 ......... 13.210, 13.340 Anwar v Mondello Farms Pty Ltd [2015] SASCFC 109 ................... 6.210, 6.220, 6.230 Aon Ltd v JLT Reinsurance Brokers Ltd [2009] EWHC 3448 ............................... 5.680 Appellant v Respondent (1998) 89 IR 407 ............................................................... 13.160 Appleby v Johnson (1874) LR 9 CP 158 ..................................................................... 4.100 Appleby v Myers (1867) LR 2 CP 651 ......................................................................... 10.40 xii

Table of Cases

Applicant v Australian Federal Police [2012] FWA 1352 ....................................... 13.160 Applicant v Respondent [2014] FWC 9184 .............................................................. 13.390 Applicant v Respondent (unreported, FWC, Drake SDP, 21 March 2014, PR 548852) ............................................................................................................... 13.410 Applicant, The v General Manager and Company C [2014] FWC 3940 ............. 13.390 Application by AIG to vary the Liquor and Accommodation Industry – Liquor Industries – Maltsters Award 1998, Re (unreported, AIRC, Whelan C, 8 October 1998, Print Q7368) ............................................................. 7.120 Application by MTIA to vary the Rubber, Plastic and Cable Making Industry – General – Award 1996, Re (unreported, AIRC, Lewin C, 17 June 1998, Print Q2003) ..................................................................................... 7.100 Application for Redundancy Awards, Re (1994) 53 IR 419 ..................................... 9.190 Ardelle v Spastic Society of Victoria Ltd [2000] FCA 1429 ...................................... 8.80 Argo Pty Ltd v Attorney-General [2006] TASSC 22 .............................................. 14.350 Arlesheim Ltd v Werner [1958] SASR 136 ................................................. 10.110, 10.120 Arthurson v State of Victoria [2001] VSC 244 .......................................................... 4.530 Ashbury Railway Carriage & Iron Co v Riche (1875) LR 7 HL 653 ...................... 4.150 Ashley v Statewide Autistic Services Inc [2005] AIRC 607 ..................................... 5.830 Askey v Golden Wine Co (1948) 64 TLR 379 ........................................................... 5.360 Aspin v Metric Group Ltd [2004] EWHC 1265 ............................................ 4.520, 5.290 Associated Dominions Assurance Society Pty Ltd and the Life Insurance Act, Re (1962) 109 CLR 516 .................................................................................... 9.310 Associated Dominions Assurance Society Pty Ltd v Andrew (1949) 49 SR (NSW) 351 ............................................................................................................ 5.850 Associated Newspapers v Insert Media [1988] 1 WLR 509 .................................. 14.400 Associated Newspapers Group Ltd v Wade [1979] ICR 664 ................................ 14.390 Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corporation [1948] 1 KB 223 ................................................................. 5.220, 8.120, 10.150, 10.170 Association of Professional Engineers, Scientists and Managers Australia (on behalf of Cross) v Deniliquin Council (No 2) (1995) 134 ALR 267 .................................................................................................................. 9.170, 13.140 Atfield v Jupiters Ltd (2003) 124 IR 217 .................................................................. 13.160 Athens-Macdonald Travel Services Pty Ltd v Kazis [1970] SASR 264 ............... 10.260 Atkin v Acton (1830) 4 Car & P 208; 172 ER 673 .................................................... 8.320 Atlas Steels Australia Pty Ltd v Atlas Steels Ltd (1948) 49 SR (NSW) 157 .......... 11.20, 11.30, 11.40 Atlas Tiles Ltd v Briers (1978) 144 CLR 202 ........................................................... 10.340 Attorney-General v Blake [1998] 2 WLR 805 ......................... 5.540, 5.550, 5.570, 5.680 Attorney-General v Blake [2001] 1 AC 268 ........................................ 5.540, 5.550, 5.570 Attorney-General v Gray [1977] 1 NSWLR 406 ....................................................... 4.310 Attorney-General v Western Australian Prison Officers’ Union of Workers (1995) 62 IR 225 .............................................................................. 8.90, 9.100 Attorney-General v Whiteman (1912) 11 AR (NSW) 137 ....................................... 8.260 Attorney-General of New South Wales v World Best Holdings Ltd (2005) 63 NSWLR 557 ............................................................................................. 4.300 Attorney-General of the Commonwealth of Australia v R [1957] AC 288 .................................................................................................................................. 1.40 Attorney General (NSW) v Perpetual Trustee (1955) 92 CLR 113 ........................ 2.410 Attorney General of Belize v Belize Telecom Ltd [2009] UKPC 11; [2009] 1 WLR 1988 ....................................................................................... 4.520, 5.190 Attwood v Barley Marketing Board (NSW) [1982] WCR 94 ................................... 2.380 Attwood v Lamont [1920] 3 KB 571 ........................................................................... 4.430 Aufgang v Kominsky Nominees Pty Ltd [2008] VSC 27 ............................. 2.280, 2.420 Aurizon Operations Ltd, Re [2015] FWCFB 540 ...................................................... 12.80 xiii

Macken’s Law of Employment

Ausdale Enterprises Pty Ltd v Sandford [2006] WASCA 191 ................................. 4.350 Aussie Home Loans v X Inc Services [2005] NSWSC 285 .............. 4.420, 5.750, 5.760 Austin v Honeywell Ltd [2013] FCCA 662 ................................................................ 5.400 Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v Fair Work Australia [2012] FCAFC 85 ...................................................................................................... 6.610 Australasian Meat Industry Employees Union v Mudginberri Station (1986) 161 CLR 98 .................................................................................................. 14.100 Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v Peerless Holdings Pty Ltd [2000] FCA 1047 ................................................................................................ 4.250 Australasian Meat Industry Employees’ Union, Newcastle & Northern Branch v Australian Independent Contractors Agency [2004] NSWIRComm 238 ........................................................................................ 2.220, 3.100 Australasian Transport Officers Association v Department of Motor Transport (1988) 25 IR 235 ......................................................................... 8.100, 8.370 Australia Meat Holdings Pty Ltd v Kazi [2004] QCA 147 ....................................... 4.320 Australian & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Karam (2005) 64 NSWLR 149 ............................................................................................................... 4.250 Australian Agricultural Co v Federated Engine-drivers and Firemen’s Association of Australia (1913) 17 CLR 261 .......................................... 4.330, 12.370 Australian Air Express Pty Ltd v Langford (2005) 147 IR 240; [2005] NSWCA 96 ........................................................ 2.50, 2.100, 2.250, 2.260, 2.270, 2.340 Australian Airline Flight Engineers Association v Ansett Australia Ltd (2000) 102 IR 162 .................................................................................................... 10.170 Australian and International Pilots Association v Qantas Airways Ltd [2011] FWAFB 3706 ................................................................................................. 12.30 Australian and International Pilots Association v Fair Work Australia (2012) 202 FCR 200 ................................................................................................ 12.110 Australian and International Pilots Association v Qantas Airways Ltd [2013] FWCFB 317 ................................................................................................. 12.110 Australian and International Pilots Association v Qantas Airways Ltd [2014] FCA 32 ............................................................................................................ 4.510 Australian and New Zealand Banking Group v Karam (2005) 64 NSWLR 149 ............................................................................................................... 4.290 Australian Bank Employees’ Union v Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (1990) 34 IR 1 .......................................................................................... 9.30 Australian Bank Employees Union v National Australia Bank Ltd (1989) 31 IR 436 .................................................................................................................... 5.110 Australian Broadcasting Corporation v Lenah Game Meats Pty Ltd (2001) 208 CLR 199 .......................................................................... 5.680, 5.690, 11.10 Australian Broadcasting Corporation v O’Neill (2006) 227 CLR 57 ..................... 11.10 Australian Building & Construction Commissioner v Inner Strength Steel Fixing Pty Ltd [2012] FCA 499 ..................................................................... 2.100 Australian Chamber of Manufacturers v Derole Nominees Pty Ltd (unreported, AIRC,Peterson J, Marsh DP and Commissioner Oldmeadow, 12 September 1990) ........................................................................... 9.190 Australian Collieries’ Staff Association v BHP Coal Pty Ltd (2000) 99 FCR 137 .................................................................................................................... 13.280 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Roberson [2008] FCA 1735 .................................................................................................................... 4.240 Australian Education Union v Victoria [2015] FCA 1196 ....................................... 4.530 Australian Education Union, Re; Ex parte Victoria (1995) 184 CLR 188 ............. 2.410 Australian Film Commission v Mabey (1985) 59 ALR 25 ................ 9.90, 9.100, 12.310 Australian Football League v The Age Company Ltd (2006) 15 VR 419; [2006] VSC 308 .................................................................................. 5.680, 5.710, 5.720 xiv

Table of Cases

Australian Hardwoods Pty Ltd v Commissioner for Railways [1961] 1 WLR 425 ........................................................................................................... 5.50, 11.80 Australian Institute of Marine and Power Engineers v Australian Coastal Shipping Commission (1972) 146 CAR 468 ........................................................... 9.50 Australian Iron & Steel Pty Ltd v Banovic (1989) 168 CLR 165 ........... 15.100, 15.130, 15.150 Australian Licenced Aircraft Engineers Association, The v Qantas Airways Ltd [2009] AIRC 268 ................................................................................. 4.520 Australian Licensed Aircraft Engineers Association v Qantas Airways Ltd [2011] FMCA 58 .............................................................................................. 13.250 Australian Licensed Aircraft Engineers Association v Qantas Airways Ltd (2012) 218 IR 165; [2012] FWAFB 236 ............................................ 12.110, 14.40 Australian Meat Holdings Pty Ltd v McLauchlan (1998) 84 IR 1 .......... 13.160, 13.210 Australian Meat Industry Employees Union v Mudginberri Station Pty Ltd (1985) 9 FCR 425 ..................................................................................... 8.30, 14.50 Australian Mutual Provident Society v Allan (1978) 52 ALJR 407 ............. 2.350, 2.420 Australian Mutual Provident Society v Chaplin (1978) 52 ALJR 407; 18 ALR 385 ................................................................................................ 2.50, 2.260, 2.340 Australian National Airlines Commission v Robinson [1977] VR 87 ............ 5.50, 7.30, 8.260, 10.70, 11.80 Australian National Hotels Pty Ltd v Jager (2000) 9 Tas R 153 ...................... 9.30, 9.40 Australian National University v Burns (1982) 43 ALR 25 ........................................ 9.90 Australian Nursing Federation; re Suratman and Gell, Appeals (1989) 4 VIR 193 ....................................................................................................................... 9.170 Australian Ophthalmic Supplies Pty Ltd v McAlary-Smith (2008) 165 FCR 560 ........................................................................................................ 10.50, 13.310 Australian Paper Ltd v CEPU (1998) 81 IR 15 .......................................................... 14.90 Australian Postal Corporation v Rushiti (2012) 224 IR 382; [2012] FWAFB 7423 .................................................................................... 5.400, 5.410, 13.160 Australian Public Service Determinations as to Stand Downs, Re (1984) 10 IR 457 .................................................................................................................... 7.100 Australian Rail, Tram and Bus Industry Union v KDR Victoria Pty Ltd [2013] FCA 330 .............................................................................................. 4.480, 4.530 Australian Rail, Tram and Bus Industry Union v Rail Infrastructure Corp [2007] AIRC 15 .............................................................................................. 4.470, 4.530 Australian Rail, Tram and Bus Industry Union of Employees West Australian Branch v Public Transport Authority [2005] WAIRComm 1276 .................................................................................................................. 4.480, 4.520 Australian Rail Tram and Bus Industry Union (WA Branch) and Kirkpatrick v Metropolitan (Perth) Passenger Transport Trust (unreported, AIRC, Linkenbagh JR, 11 October 1994) ...................................... 8.300 Australian Railways Union of Workers (WA Branch) v Western Australian Government Railways Commission [1997] WAIRComm 168 ............................................................................................................................... 4.530 Australian Salaried Medical Officers Federation v ACT Visiting Medical Officers Association (2005) 142 IR 362; [2005] AIRC 525 ....... 2.100, 2.150, 2.260, 2.270, 2.320 Australian Salaried Medical Officers’ Federation (NSW) v Sydney South West Area Health Service (No 2) [2007] NSWIRComm 243 ....... 4.50, 4.110, 4.200 Australian Salaried Medical Officers’ Federation (NSW) (on behalf of Bruce Hall) v South Western Sydney Area Health Service [2006] NSWIRComm 101 .................................................................................................... 2.350 Australian Telecommunications Commission v Hart (1982) 65 FLR 41 ............... 8.210 xv

Macken’s Law of Employment

Australian Tramways Employees’ Association v Brisbane Tramways Co Ltd (1912) 6 CAR 35 ..................................................................................... 5.420, 8.210 Australian Wool Innovation v Newkirk No 2 [2005] FCA 1307 .......................... 14.400 Australian Wool Innovation Ltd v Newkirk [2005] FCA 290 ................... 14.80, 14.330 Australian Wool Selling Brokers Employers’ Federation v Federated Storemen and Packers Union of Australia (1976) 176 CAR 884 ........................ 9.90 Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1954) 92 CLR 424 ................ 4.70 Australian Workers Union v Barminco Pty Ltd [2015] FWC 99 ............................ 5.800 Australian Workers Union v BlueScope Steel Ltd [2007] NSWIRComm 1022 ........................................................................................................ 5.40, 5.120, 14.70 Australian Workers’ Union v BlueScope Steel Ltd t/as BlueScope Lysaght [2011] FWA 7525 ........................................................................................ 12.80 Australian Workers’ Union v Mason and Cox Foundries (1996) 66 IR 27 .............. 8.70 Australian Workers’ Union, New South Wales Branch v Roads & Traffic Authority (NSW) (1989) 29 IR 202 ...................................................................... 11.130 Australian Workers Union, WA Branch, Industrial Union of Workers v BHP Billiton Iron Ore [2005] WAIRComm 706 ................................................. 2.400 Australian Workers Union (WA Branch) v Goldsworthy Mining Ltd (1978) 20 AILR 259 .................................................................................................. 8.340 Austress-Freyssinet Pty Ltd v Kowalski [2007] NSWSC 399 .................................. 4.340 Autoclenz Ltd v Belcher [2009] EWCA Civ 1046 ......................................... 2.100, 4.570 Autoclenz Ltd v Belcher [2011] UKSC 41; [2011] ICR 1157 ......... 2.100, 2.260, 4.470, 4.570 Automatic Fire Sprinklers Pty Ltd v Watson (1946) 72 CLR 435 ...... 5.30, 5.40, 5.310, 8.30, 8.40, 8.50, 9.50, 9.60, 9.80, 10.40, 10.190, 11.150 Automotive, Food, Metals, Engineering, Printing and Kindred Industries Union known as the Australian Manufacturing Workers’ Union (AMWU) v Veolia Water Operations Pty Ltd [2015] FWC 2561 ...................... 12.80 Automotive, Food, Metals Engineering, Printing and Kindred Industries Union v Toyota [2013] FWC 8237 ......................................................................... 4.530 Automotive Food Metals Engineering Printing and Kindred Industries Union and Zwart v Visy Packaging Pty Ltd [2011] FCA 953 .......................... 13.250 Avirone Pty Ltd v Kenneth Pirrie Pty Ltd (unreported, NSWCA, Meagher, Handley and Cole JJA, 5 February 1996) ............................................. 9.360 Award Simplification Decision, Re (1997) 75 IR 272 ............................................... 7.100 Ayub v Vauxhall Motors Ltd [1978] IRLR 428 ................................................................... Aztec Steel Pty Ltd v Gaden [2011] FWA 42 ............................................................. 9.180

B B v McM (1987) 8 SR (WA) 36 ..................................................................................... 4.330 B G Gale Ltd v Gilbert [1978] ICR 1149 ..................................................................... 9.50 BBC v Beckett [1983] IRLR 43 ...................................................................................... 8.90 BD Investments Pty Ltd v Workers Rehabilitation and Compensation Corporation [1994] SASC 4673 .............................................................................. 2.290 BDO Group Holdings (Qld) Ltd v Sully [2015] QSC 166 ........................... 4.420, 4.430 BDO Group Investments (NSW-Vic) Pty Ltd v Ngo [2010] VSC 206 .... 4.340, 4.390, 5.60, 5.610, 5.630, 5.750, 5.760 BG plc v O’Brien [2001] IRLR 496 ............................................................................. 5.220 BHP Billiton Iron Ore Pty Ltd v Capon [2014] WASC 267 .................................... 6.680 BHP Iron Ore Pty Ltd v AWU (2000) 102 FCR 97 .................... 13.240, 13.250, 13.320 BLB Corporation of Australia Establishment v Jacobsen (1974) 48 ALJR 372 .................................................................................................................... 5.720 BP Australia Pty Ltd v Tarren [2006] NSWCA 305 .................................................. 3.210 xvi

Table of Cases

BP Refinery (Westernport) Pty Ltd v Hastings Shire Council (1977) 52 ALJR 20 ...................................................................................................................... 4.520 BWIU v Odco Pty Ltd (1991) 37 IR 380; 99 ALR 735 ................................ 2.250, 3.100 Baff v NSW Commissioner of Police [2013] NSWSC 1205 .................................. 5.850 Baiada Poultry v VWA [2015] VSCA 344 ................................................................... 6.670 Baiada Poultry Pty Ltd v The Queen (2012) 246 CLR 92; [2012] HCA 14 ......... 6.420, 6.430, 6.440, 6.550, 6.670 Baker v Salisbury City Corporation (1982) 22 IR 168 ....................... 11.10, 11.70, 11.80 Baker v Denkara Ashanti Mining Corp Ltd (1903) 20 TLR 37 ............................ 10.200 Baker v Gough [1963] 1 NSWLR 1345 .................................................................... 11.110 Baker v University of Ballarat (2005) 225 ALR 218 ................................................. 8.100 Baker v University of Ballarat [2005] FCA 99 ........................................................... 11.10 Balfours Bakery v Cooper [2011] FWAFB 8032 ..................................................... 13.210 Balston Ltd v Headline Filters Ltd [1987] FSR 330 .................................................. 5.665 Balthazaar v Department of Human Services (Cth) [2014] FWC 2076 .............. 13.380 Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 ..................................... 10.260, 12.260 Bampton v Viterra Ltd [2014] SADC 170 .................................................................. 5.250 Bampton v Viterra Ltd [2015] SASCFC 87 ................................................................ 5.410 Banco Office Services Pty Ltd v Cannon (1988) 30 AILR 101 .............................. 5.480 Banerji v Bowles [2013] FCCA 1052 ........................................................................... 5.770 Bank Voor Handel en Scheepvaart NV v Slatford [1953] 1 QB 248 ..................... 2.150 Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA v Aboody [1990] 1 QB 923 ............................................................................................................................... 4.270 Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA v Ali (No 1) [2001] 2 WLR 735 ............................................................................................. 4.200, 5.830, 8.350 Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA v Ali [1999] 2 All ER 1005; [1999] IRLR 226 .................................................................................. 4.200, 5.830 Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA v Ali (No 2) [2000] 3 All ER 51 .................................................................................................... 10.280, 10.320 Bankstown Foundry Pty Ltd v Braistina (1986) 160 CLR 301; 60 ALJR 362 .................................................................................................................... 6.110, 6.150 Barac v Farnell (1994) 53 FCR 193 ...................................................... 4.310, 4.320, 4.330 Barbaro v Certegy Australia (2003) 126 IR 348 ....................................................... 13.160 Barber v Somerset [2004] 1 WLR 1089 ........................................................... 6.230, 6.300 Barclay v Penberthy (2012) 246 CLR 258 ................................................................... 6.100 Barclay v The Board of the Bendigo Regional Institute of Technical and Further Education [2011] FCAFC 14 .................................................... 13.250, 13.300 Barclays Bank plc v O’Brien [1994] 1 AC 180 ........................................................... 4.270 Barghouthi v Transfield Pty Ltd (2002) 122 FCR 19 .................................... 8.90, 13.110 Barker v Commonwealth Bank of Australia (2012) 296 ALR 706 ....................... 10.310 Barker v Woolworths (SA) Pty Ltd [1998] SAIRComm 49 ..................................... 5.840 Barlow v Neville Jeffress Advertising Pty Ltd (1994) 4 Tas R 391 ......................... 4.280 Barlow v Qantas Airways Ltd (1997) 75 IR 100 ...................................................... 13.210 Barnes v Dawson [1962] NSWR 73 ................................................................. 2.220, 2.260 Barnes v Ranger Uranium Mines Pty Ltd (1993) 44 FCR 331 .............................. 10.240 Barnett v Territory Insurance Office [2011] FCA 968 ............................................. 5.410 Barossa Co-op Winery Ltd v Kolarovich (1977) 16 SASR 392 ............................ 10.250 Barratt v Howard [2000] FCA 190 ............................................................................... 2.410 Barrett v Create (Geelong) Inc t/as Create [2010] FWA 5576 ........ 2.230, 2.290, 2.360 Barrett v Ecco Personnel Pty Ltd [1998] NSWCA 30 .............................................. 5.600 Barrett and Women’s Hospital Crown Street, Re [1947] AR (NSW) 565 ............. 8.230 Barretts & Baird (Wholesale) Ltd v Institution of Professional Civil Servants [1987] 1 IRLR 3 ........................................................... 14.270, 14.380, 14.390 Barro Group Pty Ltd v Fraser [1985] VR 577 ................................................ 2.340, 2.420 xvii

Macken’s Law of Employment

Barro Group Pty Ltd v Fraser [2007] VSCA 86 ........................................................ 2.420 Barry v Midland Bank plc [1999] 3 All ER 974 ......................................................... 9.180 Bartholomew v London Borough of Hackney [1999] IRLR 246 .......................... 5.290 Bartlett v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (2014) 246 IR 190; [2014] NSWSC 1662 ............................................................................. 8.100, 8.120 Bartlett v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd [2016] NSWCA 30 ............................ 5.240, 5.260, 5.270, 8.10, 8.100, 8.120, 10.100, 10.150 Bartlett v Wirrina Resort Pty Ltd [2009] SAIRC 56 ............................ 3.50, 4.200, 4.330 Barto v GPR Management Services Pty Ltd (1991) 105 ALR 339 ........................ 4.230 Bartolo v Doutta Galla Aged Services Ltd (No 2) [2015] FCCA 345 ................... 6.240 Barton v Armstrong [1976] AC 104 ............................................................................ 4.250 Baster v London & County Printing Works [1899] 1 QB 901 ..................... 8.180, 8.240 Batten v Ginevra Nominees Pty Ltd [2013] VCC 839 ............................................. 2.420 Batty v Monks (1865) 12 LT (NS) 832 ........................................................................ 9.360 Bau v Victoria [2009] VSCA 107 .............................................. 2.410, 4.490, 6.240, 6.290 Bauman v Hulton Press Ltd [1952] 2 All ER 1121 ................................................... 5.320 Bayley v Osborne (1984) 4 FCR 141 ............................................................................. 9.90 Bayley & Associates Pty Ltd v DBR Australia Pty Ltd [2013] FCA 1341 ............ 5.530, 5.540, 5.550, 5.560, 5.570, 5.600, 5.650 Beach v Reed Corrugated Cases Ltd [1956] 1 WLR 807 ......................... 10.230, 10.250 Beach v Reed Corrugated Cases Ltd [1956] 1 WLR 812 ....................................... 10.250 Beard v London General Omnibus Co [1900] 2 QB 530 .......................................... 6.60 Beard, Re; Beard v Hall [1908] 1 Ch 383 .................................................................... 4.330 Bearingpoint Australia Pty Ltd v Hillard [2008] VSC 115 ............... 4.420, 5.330, 5.340, 5.620, 8.40, 9.140, 10.140, 10.160, 10.220, 11.30 Bearingport Australia Pty Ltd v Hillard [2008] VSC 115 ............................. 4.400, 5.610 Beaudesert Shire Council v Smith (1966) 120 CLR 145 ............................. 14.80, 14.350 Bechara v Gregory Harrison Healey & Co (1996) 65 IR 382 ............................... 13.220 Beck v Castran Gilbert Real Estate Pty Ltd (14 March 2000 .................. 13.110, 13.160 Beck v Darling Downs Institute of Advanced Education (1990) 140 IR 364 ............................................................................................................... 10.230, 10.350 Bednall v Wesley College [2005] WASC 101 .................................................. 5.270, 8.100 Beecham Group Ltd v Bristol Laboratories Pty Ltd (1968) 118 CLR 618 .......... 11.10, 14.90 Beerens v Bluescope Distribution Pty Ltd (2012) 39 VR 1; [2012] VSCA 209 .................................................................................................................... 4.250, 5.220 Bell v Lever Bros Ltd [1932] AC 161 ....................................... 5.830, 5.840, 5.850, 8.350 Bell v McArthur River Mining Pty Ltd (1998) 81 I