279 104 3MB
English Pages 28 Year 2005
by Paul Beck
,
BOOK ab^
LOCKS
MARTLAB
and
SECURITY!
by Paul Beck
^-^I- W.>, Ufe ^
I
fi^rm
fo page
',s., itl
.^,, .
Lock
Up!
It
Copyright becker&mayer!, Published by SmartLab All rights
,
1010 Northup Way, Believue, Washington. Published 2005.
I
an imprint of becker&mayer!
reserved. SmartLab
is
a registered trademark of becker&mayer!, IIOIO Northup Way, Believue, Washington.
Creative development by Jim Becker and
No
part of this
Anna Johnson
book may be reproduced, stored
in
a retrieval system, or transmitted
recording, or otherwise, v\/ithout the prior permission of SmartLab
Requests for such permissions should be addressed to SmartLab
If
you have questions or comments about
Edited by
Don
this product,
in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
.
Permissions, becker&mayer!, IIOIO
send e-mail to info@smartlabtoys.com or
visit
Northup Way, Believue,
WA 98004.
www.smartlabtoys.com.
Roff
Written by Paul Beck Art direction and packaging design by Scott Westgard
Designed and
Assembly
illustrated
illustrations
by Eddee Helms
by John Laidlaw
Product photography by Keith Megay
SmartLab
character photography by Craig Harroid
Product development by
Lillis
Taylor
Production management by Katie Stephens Project
management by Beth Lenz
Design assistance by Karrie Lee
Every effort has been
made
to correctly attribute
Printed, manufactured, and assembled
Lock
It
Up!
is
part of the SmartLab
1098765432 1-932855-24-6
04299
I
in
all
the material reproduced
in this
book.
China.
Double-Security Safe
kit.
Not
to be sold separately.
We will
be happy to correct any errors
in
future editions.
A PLACE FOR
YOUR Your
stuff is yours, and you'd like to keep it that way, right? Everyone wants to keep something safe from prying hands and eyes. It might be money or jewelry It might be a code book or a secret diary It might just be something you don't want your brothers or sisters to get their hands on.
You could carry your valuables with you all the time, but not very convenient. Burying works fine for squirrels and pirates, but do you really want to go out in the back yard with a shovel every time you need some change for the vending machine? You need to put your valuables somewhere safe. And that's
9
I
what's safer than, well, a safe?
In this book you'll find out all about safes and the locks that keep them secure. You'll explore a bit of the secret
money.
world of
And you'll finish by building your
own super-secure,
double-lock
safe.
•
THE
FIRST
The door is a great invention. It keeps the weather and wild animals out of your house, but what about burglars and bad guys? For that, doors need locks. The oldest lock ever found is from ancient Egypt. There were two blocks of wood: one on the door and KEY HOLE one on the door jamb. Each block had a hole in it, so
when a
long block of wood slid into these holes, the
HOLLOW
door couldn't be opened. 4^ WOODEN PEGS
BLOCKS
This simple lock also had a secret. Both the bolt
sliding
wooden
and the block on the door were hollow. Inside the door jamb
On the wooden bolt there was a set of holes in the same pattern. When the bolt slid
was a
set of holes
with wooden pins in them.
dropped into the holes and held the bolt in place. wooden toothbrush, which had wooden pegs in the same pattern as the pins inside the lock. To unlock the bolt, you slid the key into the hole at the end of the wooden bolt, then pushed up on the pins that were holding it in place. closed, the pins
The key looked
like a big
KNOTTY
PROBLEn Some
ancient Greek locks were complicated knots. The knots were hard to untie, and tampering with them was supposed to bring down a curse
on the
trespassers's head.
WHO NEEDS LOCKS
WHEN YOU'VE 60T CROCS? Legend has
it that
an emperor of Annam, now
part of Vietnam, kept his valuables safe without locks or keys. Instead, he put his gold
wooden boxes a pond.
and jewels
sealed with wax, then sank
them
in
in
He filled the pond with hungry crocodiles,
and the thieves kept their distance. They also kept arms and legs.
their
WARD OFF The
THIEVES
idea of the Egyptian lock, with its pins and holes, seems to have disappeared and not shown up again until around the time of the American Civil War. From the Roman Empire until the 1700s, locks and keys used wards. Wards are like metal ridges inside a lock. In order to fit and turn past the wards, a key had to have slots or spaces cut into
it
in exactly the right pattern. You've probably seen the
warded locks. Locksmiths made their locks more secure by adding more complicated wards, which made for some pretty old-fashioned keys that
fit
weird-looking keys.
GET INTO THE
6ROPVE Modern
locks have wards,
SLOTS
WARDS
Take a look at the key to your house. Is there a groove running along one side, or maybe both sides? The grooves let the key slide into the lock
too.
around the wards.
TURNING THE
TUmBlErS
I»,
when
the United States declared
Inside this lock was a
up
row of little
+v^e
earW
''*°°^'
^^^•' ^'^''^^
wo*» a prize froAA f we
A new type of lock was invented in England, right around the time
WINNER
FICK A
its
independence.
levers called tumblers,
govert^i^erf for a*»
E»»9lijK
i»>vev>t«*'9
"ut^fickatle" lock. Cv>vww
offered! a f rize
of lOO
fowmilj
by side. Turning the key in the lock raised the tumblers, but they had to be raised in a certain pattern or
to
the lock wouldn't open. Slots cut to different depths in the
r^o^e^\ If was ^1 ye2rs before
key raised each tumbler to the proper A key without the right pattern
av>>/ov«e
lined
side
a»»>/o*>e
W*t^
wro*»g
wVxo
—
cov/laf fe»»eJ
f we
lockj^^if V^
wKo
still
il;a»» v>alf a*» Vxour.
W*$
u
PINS AND SPRINGS
Remember the Egyptian lock with its pins and holes? The American Locksmith Linus Yale brought them back with a lock he invented in 1844. Instead of levers, the lock used metal pins on springs for tumblers. Twentyone years later, Yale's son, Linus Jr., patented the lock design that almost everyone uses today. The Yale lock is a cylinder made up of a metal housing with a metal plug that rotates inside it. Pin tumblers keep the lock from turning without the key.
Do tKe
»>a/^e5
Yale
a»>d
CKutt look far^iljar? Yow've frotaw^ f V>erA Wof Vn kevyj.
oin lock5
T\^e^\e Hill
v\a/^e5
8
seev^
;v>
or
^'*S
lock-'^aktv^s.
TUMBLER LOCK
SPRING
The tumblers
are two-piece small metal pins. The springs push the tumblers down so the tumblers keep the lock from turning. When the right key is put in the lock, the peaks and valleys in the key push the tumblers up so that the breaks in the pins line up on edge, called the shear line, between the plug and housing. Now the lock can turn!
^
(
TOP DRIVER f
(STEEL)
BOTTOM
PICKING THE
LOCK
Expert locksmiths (and burglars!) tools to pick a lock.
The
called a tension wrench.
wrench
first is
The locksmith puts the tension
in the keyhole
the pin tumblers.
The
TENSION
WRENCHES
lock-picker
then uses a feeler pick to push up on the pins one at a time until each one catches at the shear
When they're all lined up,
presto!
use two basic
a thin, flat piece of metal
and twists it gently to put sideways pressure on
line.
PIN
(BRASS)
The lock opens.
FEELER PICK
GOING FOR
SPIN The combination lock with a dial, like the one on your double-lock safe, was invented in the 1700s, around the same time as the lever tumbler lock. Behind the dial are a number of wheels. Each wheel has a slot in it, and when all the slots line up, the lock will open. Turning the dial in different directions turns the wheels, and turning lines
up the
Ever wov^der
it
to the correct
numbers
slots.
w;V>>^
uje 5+efKo5cofe5?
'^^
safecrackers
T^eVre
f V>e
+V^e /vNov'.ej
lij+emJtng
lock.
%^
+o
+\.e
l;5f e»>;v>9
avNd feelimg, e-^tferf
safecrackers cam +ell
wKer
ever^+Wiv^g
l;v>ed
uf f o ofem
fVve lock.
'*S
Other types of combination locks are opened by pushing buttons or turning a series of rings like those
on some bike
locks.
THROWING AWAY
THE KEY
Computer technology brings locks.
us
new kinds
of high-tech
The key cards used by many hotels have magnetic
that hold computer information.
stripes
When you check into your
room, the hotel encodes the stripe with the code that opens your room door. When you run the card through the reader on the door to your room, the lock opens if your key has the correct W^^^^^^^^M magnetic ^^^^^^^^^M ^ strip code. The code expires on the day you leave, so once you're checked out, you can't get back into the room.
Super-secure systems
use biometrics
instead of cards or keys. Biometric scanners
examine people for unique characteristics like fingerprints, voices,
or patterns on
the retina at the back of the eye. For biometric security systems, the
person
is
the key.
Notel-Fnze-wiinv>;*^g fv^yj'icijf
RjcKar**
pe>y»»/^air> jearined
ofe»> fi5f5'
Vxis
fellow
fo
jcietn-
fof-jecref jafes
at f V>e Lo5
Nat lov^al
/^larAOj
latoraf or^,
wyKere f V>e at ol>/
parf of f VNe
wit K a
coMkiinaf iom.
inside are
;»»
wKo remf s +Ke
ferso»^
T^e
tof W
f i/^e
If
«ys, ov\e carried
ga*»k vaults
passes the test.
stories
f V>e real
amd otne keff af f V>e
picking the lock, breaking off dial,
'*^
Safe JefosJf ^o^es
(A) For a burglar-proof safe, a team of expert safecrackers gets between fifteen minutes and two hours to break in by the
jecurJf >^
T^e
ke>y or
otV>er parf
h^ a clock
a»you
Kave f Ke ke^ or
co/^ioimaf ioin, ^ou ca*» f ope»>
fKe jafe umf il
i+'s
f i/^e.
THE WORLD'S
SMALLEST COMBINATION LOCK...
Scientists at the Sandia National Laboratories in New Mexico have invented the smallest combination lock every built. The lock uses six microscopic gears, each about as big as the period at the end of this sentence. The scientists hope the lock can be used to keep computer networks secure from hackers. The code to open the lock can be set to one out of a million possible combinations. If the wrong combination is entered, the lock freezes up and can only be reset by its owner.
...AND
PADLOCK LARGEST A giant
handmade padlock protects the gate of the
Jagannath temple in the Indian city of Puri. The mammoth lock, made of steel and brass, weighs more than 100 pounds. The keys are more than a foot long. Although other, bigger locks have been made as showpieces, the temple padlock is the largest in the world that is actually being used.
NEVER MIND GETTING IN,
HOW ABOMT GETTING OUT? Ehrich Weiss, better known as Harry Houdini, was the most famous escape artist who ever hved. Houdini amazed his audiences with daring escapes from locked handcuffs, leg irons, strait jackets, trunks, tire chains, milk cans, jail cells, and vaults.
Although many of his on-stage escapes used specially-built props, Houdini was also a master lockpicker. In his handcuff challenge, he would slip out of any handcuffs brought in by members of the audience. He even managed to hide tiny lock picks on his body to escape from jail cells after being
—
locked inside completely naked!
WHAT'S
INSIDE'?
You wouldn't have a safe unless you wanted to protect what's inside. Often that means documents or small, valuable things like jewelry. But most of the time it's money.
THE VALUE OF
NONEY
Money is a great invention! People use it to make it easier to trade things like shoes, hamburgers, and work. Instead of trading
the things themselves, people trade the value of the things, in the
form of money. Almost anything can be used for money as long everyone agrees on what it's worth. Animals are the oldest form of money, going back more than 10,000 years, but it's tough to make change for a sheep, and a chicken won't fit in your wallet.
s
Tr SILVER AND
COL
TWe S/»FeST SAFE IN TWe UNITED ST/»TeS VltnJf ed
iKe
Stat ej
gover»>r/\e*>+ v>a5 3 lof
Precious metals like gold and silver have been used as money for a long time. Gold is valuable and you can tell how much a piece because of gold is worth by weighing it. You can also make metals like gold and silver into coins, which are it's
Of course, around,
it's
if
it's
;j
keff
bv/ll'io^
Forf
Jv»
f Ke for^^ of goH
at f Ke
;f
Wrj, called
U.S. gold defojlfor^y
K.*^o%, yCem+uck^/. I»^5iJe fV>e
i^"
jufer-
jf romg gold defojif or^ kuJldjmg f K^re
easy for you to carry
easy for burglars to carry
killio*^ dollarj' vy;orfK\
(Twaf N $70,000,000^000.00.) Mojt of
rare,
easy to carry around.
70
/vNore fV>a»>
of gold
it,
money too! That's
why banks and stores keep their money in
safes.
i$
a f wo-j+or^ vault /^ade of Jt eel
concrete. Tv>e door
a»>d
fKar lO fomj. coMtiv
No
5;»"gle fer5o»>
fo +we
jeveral feofle KSve
vault.
fo
CO/^k>;tna+ioir\5 k*>OWir>
TKe defojifor^ of-+Ke-arf
Jj
vvyeigKj
dial
More waj f Ke
To ofev*
'%f,
uf jefarat
or\^ f O tKeM.
frof ecf ed h^ jfa+e-
alarrAS, 5urrou»>ded b>^ ar/^ed
guardj ard a jfeel fev>ce, amd frofec+ed b>y
a reart>y ar/^^
e/^Aergemc^^
No
or»e'5
power
i^aje. 2i*^^
If waj i+j owitn
water
jupplv^.
goi^g fo crack +Kaf jafe\
n
''ll
/
•Yfm
I.T
UNLOCKING f HE Want to unlock some of the amazing secrets of money? Start with a dollar scavenger hunt! Take a dollar
see
how many of these things you can find printed on it:
®AKEY
bill
':© THE
@ A SECRETARY (D
(maybe you've got one
bill
in
your
safe)
and
WORDS
"UNITED STATES"
A BALANCE SHEET
-Written 4 Times
!
0THE WORD "ONE" @ THREE DATES Times Not ® THREE WASHINGTONS J (J 4 J ^ t -Written 8
(Years,
Fruit!)
'
>|DEq aqj
uo sjaujoD jnoj aqi jo qDES
aqj jo jajuaD aqj X||Eaj)
japun ,.auo„
u\
u|
..auo„ Uuojj sqi
:>|3Eq
jaqtunu
uo
am jsao
psjuud „auo„
|E3s /jhsebj^ sqi
pue juoj] qioq uo oiouoq aqi
je ,.JE||op
>{3Eq aqi
i£
aif)
'8
japun
p„ :ija| jaMO| 'luojj aL|j uo ..saiEjj pajjun aqi jo jajnsEajj_,. puE juojj moq uo doj ai)] je BDuaojyjo sajEj5 paijun,, isajEjg psJlupi / auo SEL| a|SEa aqi puE 'auo selj pjujEjXd am 'omj selj aSjoa^j isnEqaXg 9
,,saiEa5 pai!U(-i :>|DEq
auo„ -.auQ
uo afSsa
|Eas XjnsEaj£ aL|j
:>|DBq
(MO|aq )ou uapun
am japun >|3Eq aqj
jaAo pajuud .,'3'a 'uo)Su|L|se^„ UjEJUod :j|Ejjjod aqj u| 'aSjoac) :suoi3umsB^ $
pajuud „uoj3u|qsE^„ pjoM aqj
uo pjujEj/d aqj jo asEq aqj
:|Eas XjnsEajj_
aqj
u| ,.68Z
I
..
je
(9//
1
joj sjEJaainu uEoioy)
!J!EJJJOd aqj jo
aqj
|Eas
(jXjnsEajj^ aqj jO XjEjajDaj) |Eas
..lAXXlDDQW..
jqSu aqj oj 'ajEp sauas isajEQ
XjnsEajL aqj
u\ 'juojj
aqj uo :a|EDS
> '
jqSu jaMO| 'juojj aqj uo iXjejajsaj
XjnsEaJx uaajS aqj
ui 'juojj
aqj uo
'
:Xa)|
11
4.x
-^ ^"^
SECRETS OF THE
NONET
GREAT SEAL
Now take a look at the Great Seal of the United on the back of your bill. The
shows both the front of the seal (with the eagle) and the back (with the pyramid). You can use a magnifying glass .•** States
to find a
number riddle
How many rows are
in
bill
in the seal:
of bricks
the pyramid?
How many stars
are
above the eagle!
How many leaves olive
branch
in
are on the the eagle's claw?
How many olives? /q>
^^
^
How many arrows
is
the
eagle holding?
How many letters
are
phrase, E Pluribus many, one")?
Unum
in
the Latin (''out of
SECRETS OF THE
FIVE-DOLLAR BILL Take a look at a five dollar bill. Make sure it's a new bill, with a large picture of Abraham Lincoln slightly to the left of the center. (There are still some older Lincoln in the center.)
bills
out there with a smaller picture of
BACK Now look
THE THE
FRONY
at the back. The building in the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. the picture
Look at the front of the bill and see
if
is
you can find these hidden,
anti-counterfeiting features.
(J)
Use a magnifying
glass to look at the frieze: the
carved, decorated part above the columns.
Q) Hold the bill up in front of a window or light. Do you see small,
(g)
is
called a
the
watermark.
light,
thread.
bill in
It's
front of
a strip of plastic with /vith
I
(5)
flag. «fSETT!!=P"
big, clear, simple numeral "5" helps visionimpaired people identify this bill. It also helps
The
machines that need to read the value of
10
Can you
the memorial
look closely at the decorated line between the top and bottom rows of states. Do you see the tiny faces? They may look a little like skulls, but on the real Lincoln Memorial, these are lions' heads.
look for the security
writing and a tiny
When
@ Now
actually part of the paper!
While holding the
the names of 26 states?
was dedicated, there were 48 states. Where do you think the other states' names are? (Hint: the picture shows only the front of the memorial.)
a
hidden picture of Lincoln?
The image It's
find
bills.
I
SECRETS OF THE
BILL TWENTY-DOLLAR NOW A A TAKE
LOOK AT
TWENTY-DOLLAR
BILL.
X)
HOW
NEW
IS
YOUR
BILLt
there are colors, subtle blue, green, and yellow, in the background on the front, along with background images of an eagle If
and the words TWENTY USA (to the right), you have one of the newest twenties, issued in the fall of 2003. The colors and background were added to make the bill even harder to counterfeit. (to the left)
SECURITY STRIP Hold the
bill
embedded
up to the
light
and look for the
plastic security strip.
glows when you hold the
bill
The
strip
under a "black"
(ultraviolet) light.
PRESTO,
CHAN«-Ot Hold the
bill in
front of you and look at the
number 20 in the lower right-hand corner. What color is it? Now tilt the bill away from you. What color is the number 20 now? You've found the color-shifting
ink!
11
ASSEMBLY Lay the BACK piece on the table or desk, with the word 'inside" facing up (Fig. I).
1
® Hold a WALL piece so that the word "Inside'' toward the inside of the safe. Press the piece into the groove on the BACK piece until
I
faces
snaps into place
(Fig. I).
(D Repeat with the remaining three
I
®
Fit
a
CORNER
piece between the tabs on
two
WALLS and slide it down into the groove BACK (see inset). Press firmly into place. The
adjoining
on the
and CORNER pieces another. Repeat with each
WALL
butt up against one CORNER piece (Fig. 2). will
f it
I
WALL
pieces.
I
INSTRUCflONS .PROMT
#DOOR
(D
Open the door on the FRONT
piece (see next
FRONT piece on top of the WALLS and CORNERS (Fig. 3). (D Starting at any corner, fit each WALL and CORNER into the groove around the inside of the FRONT piece (Fig. 3). ® Gently press down until the FRONT snaps into page) and place the
place on
all
sides.
p
OPENING THE SAFE © Hold the safe with one hand. (D Swipe the key card completely through the slot (Fig. 4). The GREEN door will slowly open. (D Turn the knob to Supersecret Security Symbol
#1 (^)(Fig.5).
® Press the knob and turn
it counter-clockwise to #2 (J) (Fig. 5). Symbol Security Supersecret
^
PULL OPEN THE SAFE DOOR!
LOCKING THE SAFE (T Close the safe door.
1 Turn
to (or leave) the knob on Supersecret Security Symbol #2 (J).
in the knob and turn it clockwise Security Symbol # (^^) Supersecret to
J Press
I
(Fig. 5).
PUSH THE RED DOOR CLOSED.
gfi^SI
^