Local Integration of Migrants Policy: European Experiences and Challenges 3030509788, 9783030509781

Table of contents :
Praise for Local Integration of Migrants Policy
Contents
Notes on Contributors
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 New Challenges in Local Migrant Integration Policy in Europe
1.1 Multi-Level Governance and Migration Policy
1.2 The Role of Local Authorities in Integration Policy
1.3 Dimensions of Local Integration Policy of Migrants
1.4 About This Book
References
2 Between Central Control and Local Autonomy: The Changing Role of Swedish Municipalities in the Implementation of Integration Policies
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Background: Swedish Migration Policy in a Historical Perspective
2.3 Contemporary National Migration Policy: From Generous to EU Minimum
2.4 Distribution of Responsibilities Over the Different Tiers of the Political-Administrative System
National Level
Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket)
Swedish Public Employment Service (Arbetsförmedling)
Local Level
The County Administrative Boards (Länsstyrelser)
Municipalities (Kommuner)
2.5 Implementation and Results of Integration Policies
2.6 Current Challenges and Innovative Solutions in Local Integration Policies of Migrants and Refugees
Housing Problems
Educational Issues
2.7 Conclusions
References
3 The Norwegian Case: Integration Through Local Autonomy and Institutionalization
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Population Change: A More Diverse Society
3.3 Policy Changes
Need for Control
Balancing Norwegian Immigration Policy to the EU
Sustainability of the Welfare State
3.4 Institutionalization
‘State Engineering’
3.5 From State to the Role of Local Authorities in the Integration Policy of Immigrants
The State Controls Immigration Policy
From State to Municipality
3.6 Effectiveness of Implementation of Integration Policy and Integration Results
3.7 Policy Instruments and the Existing Challenges of Local Integration Policies
3.8 Good Practice in Local Integration Policies of Migrants
3.9 Attitudes Towards Immigration and Immigrants in Norway
3.10 Concluding Remarks: Local Autonomy or More State Control?
References
4 Finland’s Immigration Policy: State Objectives, Local Solutions
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Becoming a Permanent Resident in Finland
4.3 Integration Policy: National Aims and Objectives
4.4 Integration Activities: Regional and Local Practices
4.5 The Challenges of Achieving Integration
4.6 Immigrants, Minorities and the “European Refugee Crisis”
4.7 Conclusion
References
5 The Swiss Rationale of Integration Policies: Balancing Federalism, Consociationalism and Direct Democracy
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Rationale of Immigration to Switzerland: A Short Introduction from a Historical Perspective Towards Recent Developments
5.3 Institutional Analysis of the Swiss Migration Policies: Federalism, Consociationalism, Direct Democracy and the Consequences for Municipal Autonomy
Federalism
Consociationalism and Direct Democracy
5.4 Effectiveness and Impacts of the Swiss Integration Policy on the Local Level
Examples of Recent Local Initiatives: Encouraging Access to Citizenship
Actual Data on Migration and Public Opinion on Migrants
Conclusion
References
6 Migration in the Netherlands: Threats and Opportunities
6.1 Introduction
6.2 A Nation of Migrants
6.3 Values and Goals
6.4 Role of the Tiers of Public Administration
6.5 Local Challenges and Good Practices
References
7 Germany: From Denied Immigration to Integration of Migrants
7.1 Germany’s Historical Path from an Emigration Country to an Immigration Country
7.2 German Immigration Policy Within a Multi-level Federal System
7.3 Trends in Migration and German Migration Policy Since 2015
7.4 Conclusion
References
8 Ireland’s Evolving Migrant Policy: Recurring Rhetoric, Sporadic Action
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Migration: A Growing Phenomenon in Ireland
8.3 Composition of the Migrant Population
8.4 Developing Ireland’s Migration Policy
8.5 Legal Foundations of Ireland’s Migration Policy
8.6 Principles and Values Underpinning Migrant Policies
8.7 Implementing Migration Policy: An Expanding Role for Local Government
8.8 Examples of Good Practice and Innovation by Local Government
8.9 Irish Attitudes and Opinions on Migration
8.10 Challenges
8.11 Conclusions
References
9 Reception of Asylum Seekers and Refugees in France: Between Rigour and Humanism
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Migration Issue in France: Statistical Data Concerning Immigration to France
9.3 Public Opinion on the Migration Issue
9.4 Main Characteristics of France’s Migration Policies
State Control of the Reception and Integration Policy for Asylum Seekers and Refugees
National Reception System for Refugees and Asylum Seekers: The State’s Principal Competence in Receiving Refugees and Asylum Seekers
Access to the Labour Market
9.5 Reception and Integration of Refugees and Asylum Seekers: The Subsidiary Competence of Local Authorities
A Contractualisation Policy Between the State and Local Authorities
9.6 Conclusion
References
10 Immigration and Integration Policies in Poland: Institutional, Political and Social Perspectives
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Migration Situation in Poland
10.3 The Specificity of the Evolution of Polish Immigration and Integration Policies
10.4 Relations Between Immigration Policy and Integration Policy at the Central and Local Levels
10.5 Good Practices and Innovative Solutions in Local Integration Activities
10.6 Political Context of Polish Immigration and Integration Policies Since 2015: Mediatisation of Immigration and Triggering Moral Panic
10.7 Public Opinion on Immigration: A Case Study of the Acceptance of Asylum Seekers and Refugees in 2015–2018
10.8 Conclusions
References
11 Slovenian Migration Management at the Local Level
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Legal Perspective
11.3 Perspective on Migration and Internal Ideological Struggle
11.4 Reality of Local Government Involvement
11.5 Practical Cases
11.6 Conclusion
Sources and References
12 Local Integration Policy of Migrants in Croatia: In Search of Coherence and Capacity
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Migration Profile and Public Attitudes About Migrants
12.3 Croatian Migration and Integration Policies: Documents, Values, and Goals
12.4 Legal Regulation of Migration and Distribution of Responsibilities for the Integration of Migrants
12.5 The Role of Local Authorities in the Integration of Migrants and Refugees
12.6 Recent Trends in Local Integration Policies
12.7 Good Local Practices in Integration of Migrants and Refugees
Integration House and Centre for Integration of Refugees “SOL”
Rijeka as the European Capital of Culture and Inclusion of Migrants into the Programme “The Port of Diversity”
12.8 Conclusion
References
13 Romania’s Policy of Migration and Integration: Unattractive Host Nation and Alternative Transit Route
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Political Context and Policy
13.3 Institutional Reforms in the Context of the Migration Crisis and Results of Migration Policy
13.4 Challenges for Current and Future Migration Policy and Recommendations Based on Lessons Learnt
13.5 Conclusion
References
14 Challenges of Immigrant Integration in Spanish Local Governments
14.1 Becoming an Immigrant Receiving Country
14.2 Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Immigration
14.3 The Management of Immigration and Asylum Policies
14.4 The Role of Municipalities in the Care and Integration of Immigrants and Refugees
14.5 Conclusions
References
15 Internal Geopolitics and Migration Policies in Italy
15.1 Introduction: Italian Geography—A Predicament
15.2 Immigration in Italy
15.3 Government Structures and Migrant Reception and Assistance
15.4 The Reception System in Italy
15.5 The SPRAR Project
15.6 Conclusions
References
16 Public Opinion on Migration and the Role of the Media in the Context of the “European Refugee Crisis”
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Insights on Public Opinion on Migration
16.3 Media Reports on the “European Refugee Crisis”
16.4 Data on Public Opinion: The Eurobarometer
16.5 Conclusion
References
17 Integrating Immigrants: Capacities and Challenges for Local Authorities in Europe
17.1 Municipalities as Pioneers of Immigrant Integration
17.2 Coordination Within Nation-States
17.3 Structural Convergence and Substantial Differentiation
17.4 Coordination
17.5 Municipal Integration Concepts and Capacities
17.6 Cooperation with Stakeholders
17.7 Empirical Findings of a German Research Project on Local Integration Policy
References
18 Conclusions: An Overview of Local Migrant Integration Policies in Europe
18.1 Interactions of National Migration Policy and Local Integration Policy
18.2 Consequences of the so-Called Refugee Crisis of 2015 on Migration and Integration
18.3 Trends in Local Integration Policy
18.4 Outlook
References
Index