Linux Clustering: Building and Maintaining Linux Clusters [1 ed.] 1578702747, 9781578702749

Linux Clustering: Building and Maintaining Linux Clusters provides Linux users with information about building their own

282 71 1MB

English Pages 156 Year 2002

Report DMCA / Copyright

DOWNLOAD PDF FILE

Recommend Papers

Linux Clustering: Building and Maintaining Linux Clusters [1 ed.]
 1578702747, 9781578702749

  • 0 0 0
  • Like this paper and download? You can publish your own PDF file online for free in a few minutes! Sign Up
File loading please wait...
Citation preview

/LQX[&OXVWHULQJ%XLOGLQJDQG0DLQWDLQLQJ/LQX[&OXVWHUV &KDUOHV%RRNPDQ 3XEOLVKHU1HZ5LGHUV3XEOLVKLQJ )LUVW(GLWLRQ-XQH ,6%1SDJHV

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

/LQX[&OXVWHULQJ%XLOGLQJDQG0DLQWDLQLQJ/LQX[&OXVWHUV &RS\ULJKW‹E\1HZ5LGHUV3XEOLVKLQJ

$OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG1RSDUWRIWKLVERRNPD\EHUHSURGXFHGRU WUDQVPLWWHGLQDQ\IRUPRUE\DQ\PHDQVHOHFWURQLFRU PHFKDQLFDOLQFOXGLQJSKRWRFRS\LQJUHFRUGLQJRUE\DQ\ LQIRUPDWLRQVWRUDJHDQGUHWULHYDOV\VWHPZLWKRXWZULWWHQ SHUPLVVLRQIURPWKHSXEOLVKHUH[FHSWIRUWKHLQFOXVLRQRIEULHI TXRWDWLRQVLQDUHYLHZ /LEUDU\RI&RQJUHVV&DWDORJ&DUG1XPEHU  ,QWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKHSULQWLQJFRGH7KHULJKWPRVWGRXEOHGLJLW QXPEHULVWKH\HDURIWKHERRN¶VSULQWLQJWKHULJKWPRVWVLQJOH GLJLWQXPEHULVWKHQXPEHURIWKHERRN¶VSULQWLQJ)RUH[DPSOH WKHSULQWLQJFRGHVKRZVWKDWWKHILUVWSULQWLQJRIWKHERRN RFFXUUHGLQ 3ULQWHGLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVRI$PHULFD 7UDGHPDUNV

$OOWHUPVPHQWLRQHGLQWKLVERRNWKDWDUHNQRZQWREH WUDGHPDUNVRUVHUYLFHPDUNVKDYHEHHQDSSURSULDWHO\FDSLWDOL]HG 1HZ5LGHUV3XEOLVKLQJFDQQRWDWWHVWWRWKHDFFXUDF\RIWKLV LQIRUPDWLRQ8VHRIDWHUPLQWKLVERRNVKRXOGQRWEHUHJDUGHGDV DIIHFWLQJWKHYDOLGLW\RIDQ\WUDGHPDUNRUVHUYLFHPDUN :DUQLQJDQG'LVFODLPHU

7KLVERRNLVGHVLJQHGWRSURYLGHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW/LQX[(YHU\

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

%RRN'HVLJQHU /RXLVD.OXF]QLN &RYHU'HVLJQHU %UDLQVWRUP'HVLJQ,QF &RYHU3URGXFWLRQ $UHQ+RZHOO &RPSRVLWLRQ -HII%UHGHQVWHLQHU 7KLVERRNLVGHGLFDWHGWR(WKDQ0D\KHJURZXSQRUPDOO\DQGZLWKRXWWRR PDQ\LVVXHV /LQX[&OXVWHULQJ%XLOGLQJDQG0DLQWDLQLQJ/LQX[&OXVWHUV $ERXWWKH$XWKRU $ERXWWKH7HFKQLFDO5HYLHZHUV $FNQRZOHGJPHQWV 7HOO8V:KDWVIHHW@>7GDWH@ILOHBWRBGXPS

,QRWKHUZRUGVLW¶VVRPHWKLQJVLPLODUWR VELQGXPSXIGHYVWXVUVUF

7KLVLQYRNHVGXPSZLWKDIXOOEDFNXSDGGVWKHLQIRUPDWLRQWRHWFGXPSGDWHVDQGZULWHVWKHGDWD IURPXVUVUFWRWKHILUVW6&6,WDSHGHYLFH,I\RXVSHFLI\GXPSZLWKRXWWKHXIODJLWDXWRPDWLFDOO\ DVVXPHVDIXOOGXPSEHFDXVHRIWKHIDFWWKDWLWGRHVQ¶WFRQVXOWWKHHWFGXPSGDWHV ²DQGWKHUHIRUH GRHVQ¶WNQRZWKDWWKHUHZDVHYHUDSUHYLRXVGXPS 2.@ 6WDUWLQJ1)6PRXQWG>2.@ 6WDUWLQJ1)6GDHPRQ>2.@

7RFKHFNWKHVWDWXVRI1)6XVHXVUVELQUSFLQIRSURRW#PDWUL[LQLWG@XVUVELQUSFLQIRS SURJUDPYHUVSURWRSRUW WFSSRUWPDSSHU XGSSRUWPDSSHU XGSUTXRWDG XGSUTXRWDG XGSPRXQWG WFSPRXQWG XGSPRXQWG

WFSPRXQWG XGSPRXQWG WFSPRXQWG XGSQORFNPJU XGSQORFNPJU XGSQORFNPJU

3XWWKHGLUHFWRU\WKDW\RXZDQWWRVKDUH KRSHIXOO\WKHGLUHFWRU\WKDWKRXVHV\RXUHQWLUH5HG+DW GLVWULEXWLRQ LQHWFH[SRUWV7KLVHQVXUHVWKDW\RXUILOHVDUHVKDUHGRYHUWKHQHWZRUNWRDOORZIRUUHPRWH LQVWDOOV7KHIRUPDWIRUHWFH[SRUWVLVGLUHFWRU\WRH[SRUWKRVW SHUPLVVLRQV KRVW SHUPLVVLRQV KRVW SHUPLVVLRQV 8VHRQHGLUHFWRU\SHUOLQH)RUH[DPSOH XVUVKDUHUHGKDWFWKXOKX UR  H[SRUWVKDUHILOHV UZ 

7KHILUVWOLQHVKDUHVRYHU1)6WKHGLUHFWRU\XVUVKDUHUHGKDWWRKRVWFWKXOKXUHDGRQO\7KHVHFRQG OLQHDOVRVKDUHVH[SRUWVKDUHILOHVWRDOOKRVWVZLWKUHDGDQGZULWHSHUPLVVLRQV 7RJHWWKHVHUYHUWRUHUHDGFKDQJHVWRHWFH[SRUWVXVHWKHXVUVELQ H[SRUWIVUFRPPDQG 6DPSOH.LFNVWDUW)LOH $IWHUDIHZWULHV\RX¶OOJHWDIHHOLQJIRU.LFNVWDUWDQGZKDWLWFDQGRIRU\RX7KHILUVWIHZWLPHV\RXVWDUW WKHLQVWDOOZLOOSUREDEO\WXUQLQWHUDFWLYHPHDQLQJWKDW\RXGLGQ¶WVHWXSWKH.LFNVWDUWILOHFRUUHFWO\'RQ¶W ORVHKHDUWLWKDSSHQVWRWKHEHVWRIXV,WMXVWWDNHVJHWWLQJXVHGWR2QHRIWKHPRVWFRPPRQPLVWDNHVLVWKDW \RX¶YHVHWXS;ZURQJLQWKHFRQILJXUDWLRQILOH,IWKDWKDSSHQVDIHZWLPHVLW¶VHDVLHUWRVNLSWKH; FRQILJXUDWLRQDOWRJHWKHUDQGUXQVHWXSDIWHUWKHLQVWDOOILQLVKHV&KDQFHVDUHWKDW\RXZRQ¶WQHHGLWLQWKH ILUVWSODFHLI\RX¶UHLQVWDOOLQJPRVWW\SHVRIFOXVWHUV+HUH¶VDQH[DPSOHRID.LFNVWDUWFRQILJXUDWLRQWKDW PLJKWEHXVHGWRLQVWDOODFOXVWHU .LFNVWDUWIRU3DUDOOHO&OXVWHU 7KHVHILUVWFRQILJXUDWLRQVHOHFWLRQVDUHPDQGDWRU\ ODQJHQB86 NH\ERDUGXV PRXVHJHQHULFSV WLPH]RQH²XWF$PHULFD7LMXDQD URRWSZ²LVFU\SWHG%9U56H''YY( QHWZRUN²ERRWSURWRGKFS²GHYLFHHWK LQVWDOO QIV²VHUYHUPDWUL[²GLUXVUNLFNVWDUWUHGKDW DXWK²XVHVKDGRZ²HQDEOHPG ]HURPEU\HV 3DUWLWLRQLQJ,QIRUPDWLRQ SDUWERRW²VL]H SDUWVZDS²VL]H SDUW²VL]H²JURZ OLOR²ORFDWLRQPEU UHERRW VNLS[ ,QVWDOOWKH530 VKHUH SDFNDJHV #'HYHORSPHQW #.HUQHO'HYHORSPHQW #1)66HUYHU #1HWZRUNHG:RUNVWDWLRQ #3ULQWHU6XSSRUW #8WLOLWLHV #:HE6HUYHU 3RVW,QVWDOO&RQILJXUDWLRQ SRVW²QRFKURRW HFKR.LFNVWDUWILQLVKHGVXFFHVVIXOO\DWCGDWHC_VELQVHQGPDLO FERRNPDQ#XRSHGX HFKRXVUORFDOELQZPDNHU!URRW[LQLWUF HFKRXRSHGX!HWFVHQGPDLOFZ

6\VWHP,PDJHU 6\VWHP,PDJHUZDVLQLWLDOO\GHVLJQHGWRGRDXWRPDWHGLQVWDOOVRI6RODULV\HWLWVFXUUHQWLQFDUQDWLRQDOORZVIRU XQDWWHQGHGLQVWDOOVRIYLUWXDOO\DQ\/LQX[GLVWULEXWLRQ7KHSUHPLVHEHKLQG6\VWHP,PDJHULVWKDWLWWDNHVDQ LPDJHRID/LQX[GLVWULEXWLRQXSORDGVLWWRDPDVWHUVHUYHUDQGKRXVHVWKDWLPDJHIRUXVHRQDQ\IXWXUH PDFKLQH%DVLFDOO\LW¶VDIURQWHQGWRUV\QF,W¶VEHHQWHVWHGZLWK'HELDQ.RQGXUD5HG+DW6WRUP 0DQGUDNHDQG7XUER/LQX[DOWKRXJKWKHPDQXDOVD\VWKDWLWGRHVQ¶WZRUNZLWKNHUQHOVDQGEHORZ 6\VWHP,PDJHUDOVRFDQEHUXQRYHU66+IRUHQFU\SWHGLQVWDOOV6\VWHP,PDJHUDOVRZRUNVZLWKH[WDQG UHLVHUIVSDUWLWLRQV :KDWVHSDUDWHVWKLVLPDJHSURJUDPIURPRWKHUVLVWKHDELOLW\WRSXVKXSGDWHVWRFOLHQWV$IWHUWKHLPDJHLV VHQWWRWKHPDVWHUVHUYHUHDFKXSGDWHFDQEHSXVKHGWRWKHFOLHQWV2QO\WKHILOHVWKDWKDYHFKDQJHGDUH SXVKHGRXW ,QVWDOOLQJ6\VWHP,PDJHULVIDLUO\VWUDLJKWIRUZDUG$IWHULQVWDOOLQJDQGFRQILJXULQJ\RXUIDYRULWHGLVWULEXWLRQ RQD³JROGHQFOLHQW´ZLWKWKH6\VWHP,PDJHUVRIWZDUHRQLWWKHHQWLUHGLVWULEXWLRQLVSXVKHGWRWKHLPDJH VHUYHU$IWHUDQXSGDWHRIWKHFRQILJXUDWLRQILOHRQWKHLPDJHVHUYHUWHOOLQJZKLFKFOLHQWVFDQDFFHVVZKLFK LPDJHWKHSURJUDPFDQWKHQDXWRPDWLFDOO\LQVWDOOWKHGHVLUHGLPDJHRQWKHFOLHQW 3UHSDULQJ6\VWHP,PDJHU 6\VWHP,PDJHUQHHGVWRKDYHQDVP ZZZNHUQHORUJSXEVRIWZDUHGHYHOQDVPVRXUFH V\VOLQX[ ZZZNHUQHORUJSXE/LQX[XWLOVERRWV\VOLQX[ UV\QF KWWSUV\QFVDPEDRUJIWSUV\QF DQGWIWSKSD ZZZNHUQHORUJSXEVRIWZDUHQHWZRUNWIWS LQVWDOOHGDVSUHUHTXLVLWHV7IWSKSDLVRQO\QHHGHGLI\RX¶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±±±! ,39LUWXDO6HUYHU&RQILJXUDWLRQ±±±! !7KH,3YSURWRFRO (;3(5,0(17$/  !.HUQHOKWWSGDFFHOHUDWLRQ (;3(5,0(17$/  >@$V\QFKURQRXV7UDQVIHU0RGH $70  (;3(5,0(17$/ 

7KHFRQILJXUDWLRQIURPWKHPLQL+2:72VXJJHVWVWKDW\RXSUHWW\PXFKUXQHYHU\WKLQJDVDPRGXOH 0!YLUWXDOVHUYHUVXSSRUW (;3(5,0(17$/  > @,3YLUWXDOVHUYHUGHEXJJLQJ 1(:   ,396FRQQHFWLRQWDEOHVL]H WKH1WKSRZHURI  1(:  ±±±,396VFKHGXOHU 0!URXQGURELQVFKHGXOLQJ 1(:  0!ZHLJKWHGURXQGURELQVFKHGXOLQJ 1(:  0!OHDVWFRQQHFWLRQVFKHGXOLQJVFKHGXOLQJ 1(:  0!ZHLJKWHGOHDVWFRQQHFWLRQVFKHGXOLQJ 1(:  0!ORFDOLW\EDVHGOHDVWFRQQHFWLRQVFKHGXOLQJ 1(:  0!ORFDOLW\EDVHGOHDVWFRQQHFWLRQZLWKUHSOLFDWLRQVFKHGXOLQJ 1(:  0!GHVWLQDWLRQKDVKLQJVFKHGXOLQJ 1(:  0!VRXUFHKDVKLQJVFKHGXOLQJ 1(:  ±±±,396DSSOLFDWLRQKHOSHU 0!)73SURWRFROKHOSHU 1(: 

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

0!0$5.WDUJHWVXSSRUW 0!/2*WDUJHWVXSSRUW !LSFKDLQV VW\OH VXSSRUW !LSIZDGP VW\OH VXSSRUW

1H[WFRPHVWKHLQVWDOORILSYVDGPZKLFKLVWKHXVHULQWHUIDFHWR/96