Limnogeology: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities: A Tribute to Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch (Syntheses in Limnogeology) 3030665755, 9783030665753

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Syntheses in Limnogeology

Michael R. Rosen David B. Finkelstein Lisa Park Boush Sila Pla-Pueyo Editors

Limnogeology: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities A Tribute to Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch

Syntheses in Limnogeology Series Editors Michael R. Rosen Reno, NV, USA Antje Schwalb Institute of Geosystem and Bioindication Technische Universitat Braunschweig Braunschweig, Germany Blas L. Valero-Garces Spanish Scientific Research Council Pyrenean Institute of Ecology Spanish Scientific Research Council, Zaragoza, Spain Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch Athens, OH, USA

The aim of this book series is to focus on syntheses or summaries of modern and/or ancient lake systems worldwide. Individual books will present as much information as is available for a particular lake basin or system of basins to offer readers one distinct reference as a guide to conduct further work in these areas. The books will synthesize the tectonics, basin evolution, paleohydrology, and paleoclimate of these basins and provide unbiased new interpretations or provide information on both sides of controversial issues. In addition, some books in the series will synthesize special topics in limnogeology, such as historical records of pollution in lake sediments and global paleoclimate signatures from lake sediment records. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10029

Michael R. Rosen  •  David B. Finkelstein Lisa Park Boush  •  Sila Pla-Pueyo Editors

Limnogeology: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities A Tribute to Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch

Editors Michael R. Rosen United States Geological Survey California Water Science Center Carson City, NV, USA Lisa Park Boush Department of Geosciences University of Connecticut Storrs, CT, USA

David B. Finkelstein Department of Geosciences Hobart and William Smith Colleges Geneva, NY, USA Sila Pla-Pueyo Department of Didactics of Experimental Sciences Faculty of Educational Sciences University of Granada Granada, Spain

ISSN 2211-2731     ISSN 2211-274X (electronic) Syntheses in Limnogeology ISBN 978-3-030-66575-3    ISBN 978-3-030-66576-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66576-0 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

This book has been a labour of love for the editors, authors, and reviewers to show recognition of the contributions provided to the limnogeology community by Beth Gierlwoski-Kordesch over her career. When it was decided to write this volume, four years ago, the willingness of Beth’s colleagues to contribute to the book was outstanding. As can be seen in the 17 chapters contributed from all over the world, Beth had a huge influence in the limnogeology community. The editors hope that the readers of the book will obtain new ideas and syntheses of different processes and techniques used in limnogeology and be able to transfer them to their own work. The different chapters provide insight on paleoclimate, paleohydrology, palaeontology, geochemistry, sedimentology and diagenesis, and geophysics that illustrate the multidisciplinary nature of limnogeology. The editors extend a huge thanks to the reviewers who read individual chapters. More than 35 colleagues reviewed the chapters, some more than once, to enable a high level of scholarship in each chapter. We would also like to extend our thanks to Springer Nature for help on the logistics of assembling and producing the book. We hope that this book will be a lasting and useful tribute to Beth that can be used by limnogeologists all over the world for years to come. Carson City, NV, USA  Michael R. Rosen Storrs, CT, USA  Lisa Park Boush Geneva, NY, USA  David B. Finkelstein Granada, Spain  Sila Pla-Pueyo

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Prologue

 ra. Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch’s impact on Spanish D and the Global Limnogeology Community Beth was a wonderful person and a great mentor. If there is something to highlight about her, apart from her love for her daughter, carbonates and her work addiction, it is her generosity and ability to host students in Ohio or even outside of the borders of her country, travelling wherever it was necessary to offer her help. Her vitality and scientific activism led her to become involved with local scientists (such as B.  Valero-Garcés, L.  Cabrera, C.  Arenas-Abad, E.  Sanz Montero, M. Fregenal, A.M. Alonso-Zarza, J.P. Calvo, S. Pla-Pueyo, C. Viseras, etc.), support PhD students, facilitate the publication of articles, organise workshops and scientific meetings all around the globe (Fig. 1). Very few people have had such an impact on the development of a discipline, limnogeology, and on the formation of a generation of geologists, not just in Spain but in other countries, although her influence on Spanish scientists was particularly remarkable. Her special relationship with Spanish geologists dates back to the 1980s, during her postdoctoral stage at the Freie Universitat of Berlín (Germany). Her research project brought her to the palustrine and lacustrine successions of the Lower Cretaceous in the Cuenca Mountain Range, thus sparking a relationship with our country that would last forever. The Spanish scientific community working on lakes have a lot to thank her for. Few people have been so generous with their time and their knowledge, especially with students. Beth was always willing to correct once and again a manuscript, until the language in which it was written could be called proper English; she was always ready to write a recommendation letter, or to hear first-hand the interpretation of an outcrop from a PhD student in front of their poster in a conference; happy to sit down and resolve any problem, big or small, until the students would learn to do it by themselves. She demanded much and gave much of herself in the process. She never said no. There were always words of support followed by decisive actions to facilitate the mobility of new scientists. vii

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Fig. 1  Beth with some of her Spanish colleagues (from left to right) C. Arenas-Abad

and L. Cabrera and her Mexican colleague I. Israde-Alcántara during a fieldtrip in Acambay, Mexico, in 2006 Lakes were her excuse, but her grand passion was scientific knowledge. Her scientific rigour, her clear and straightforward speech, her critical and entrepreneurial character, and her perseverance to always discover something else in the geological record were her identity card as a scientist. Beth was one of the most outstanding scientists in the task of impulsing and evidencing the enormous, and up to that point, underestimated abundance of lacustrine basins in the geological record, and the importance of limnogeology as a scientific discipline during the 1980s and 1990s. She worked tirelessly towards this goal through her participation in two successive International Geological Correlation Program projects funded by the IUGS: the IGCP 219 Comparative Lacustrine Sedimentology in Space and Time (1984–1989) and the IGCP 324 Global Paleoenvironmental Archives in Lacustrine Systems (1990–1995) projects. She was relentless in organising meetings and congresses, editing special volumes, supporting any kind of networking and meetings among scientists, and training students. She was part of the group of scientists that decided to found the International Association of Limnogeology (IAL) to provide continuity to the tasks performed in projects IGCP 219 and 324, host and support the scientists working in this discipline. She was the heart of IAL from 1995 to 2016. Her generosity led her to dedicate a huge amount of time and effort to create and sustain this professional society in which everyone working on lakes feels comfortable. She would literally

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chase us to attend IAL meetings, she encouraged us to prepare and propose sessions and she corrected and edited our manuscripts, doing whatever was necessary to keep the network alive. Beth was a tireless fighter, a citizen and a scientist of a globalised world. There were no languages or bureaucratic formalisms for her to prevent the freedom of communication and ideas exchanged among scientists. Before the Big Data era, she was a pioneer in promoting the compilation and synthesis of our knowledge about lakes of any age and any location on the planet. She was the soul of the invaluable task of gathering and publishing an insurmountable database hosting all the known lacustrine basins on the planet, a task that she carried out together with Kerry Kelts. As a result of their titanic effort, we now have two volumes available, essential references that have no equal with any other compilation carried out for any other depositional system. It was an almost heroic task, ahead of its time, highlighting the necessity of making available to the world the existent data in a common format. We will always remember her outdoors, doing fieldwork, telling us time and again to look at the rocks, that we could find answers (and questions!) in the facies, in the continuous back and forth between detailed description, integration of outcrops in three-dimensional models, basin-scale interpretations, and back to facies again. Thank you, Beth, for helping so many scientists to become established in their research careers, for spreading the passion and love for lakes and continental carbonates. Thank you, Beth, for teaching us how to do our work better, to understand that limnogeology must be a global task, shared among scientists all over the world, with a great deal of analytic techniques, but anchored in the outcrop, the logs, and the sedimentary facies. Thank you, Beth, for having been part of our lives.

 l impacto de la Dra. Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch sobre la E comunidad española e internacional de limnogeología. Beth era una bella persona y una gran mentora. Si hay algo que destacar, aparte del amor por su hija, los carbonatos y la adicción al trabajo, es su generosidad y habilidad para acoger estudiantes en Ohio o allende las fronteras de su país, viajando donde fuera necesario para prestar su ayuda. Su vitalidad y su activismo científico le hicieron involucrarse con los científicos locales (tales como B. Valero-Garcés, L. Cabrera, C. Arenas-Abad, E. Sanz Montero, M. Fregenal, A.M. Alonso-Zarza, J.P. Calvo, S. Pla-Pueyo, C. Viseras…), apoyar a los doctorandos, facilitar la publicación de artículos, organizar talleres y congresos por todo el planeta (Fig. 1). Pocas personas han tenido un impacto tan notable como Beth en el desarrollo de una disciplina, la limnogeología, y en la formación especializada de una generación de geólogos, no sólo en España, aunque su incidencia en nuestro país fue particularmente notable.

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Su especial relación con los científicos españoles se remonta a su periodo postdoctoral en la Universidad Freie de Berlín (Alemania) en los años 80; su proyecto postdoctoral la llevó a recalar en España para trabajar en las sucesiones de carbonatos lacustres y palustres del Cretácico Inferior de la Serranía de Cuenca, comenzando así una relación con nuestro país que ya duraría para siempre. La comunidad científica española que trabaja en lagos tenemos mucho que agradecerle. Pocas personas han sido tan generosas con su tiempo y con su conocimiento, en especial con los estudiantes, como ella. Beth siempre estaba dispuesta a corregir una vez más un manuscrito, una y mil veces hasta que realmente podía llamarse inglés al idioma en el que estaba escrito; siempre dispuesta a escribir una carta de recomendación, o a escuchar de primera mano la descripción de unos afloramientos y su interpretación por parte de un doctorando delante de un poster en un congreso; a sentarse a resolver cada pequeño y gran problema de un doctorando hasta que aprendiera a hacerlo por sí mismo. Exigía mucho y daba mucho de sí misma en el proceso. Nunca decía no; siempre había palabras de apoyo seguidas de acciones decisivas para facilitar la movilidad de los nuevos científicos. Su excusa eran los lagos, pero su gran pasión era el conocimiento científico. Su rigor, su discurso claro y preciso, su carácter emprendedor y crítico y su empeño por descubrir siempre algo más en el registro rocoso, eran las señas de identidad de su perfil como científica. Beth fue una de las científicas más destacadas en la tarea de impulsar y evidenciar la enorme, y hasta aquel momento subestimada, abundancia de cuencas lacustres en el registro geológico y la importancia de la limnogeología como disciplina científica durante la década de los 80 y 90, con su activa presencia y su incansable trabajo en los dos proyectos sucesivos del auspiciados por la IUGS que permitieron este impulso: el IGCP 219 Comparative Lacustrine Sedimentology in Space and Time (1984-1989) y el IGCP 324 Global Paleoenvironmental Archives in Lacustrine Systems (1990-1995). En la organización de reuniones y congresos, edición de volúmenes especiales, apoyo de todo tipo de redes y encuentros entre científicos, formación de estudiantes, Beth era inagotable. Ella formaba parte del grupo de limnogeólogos que decidió fundar la International Association of Limnogeology (IAL) para dar continuidad a la tarea que se había llevado a cabo en los IGCP 219 y 324, acoger y apoyar a los científicos que trabajaban en esta disciplina. Ella fue el corazón de la IAL desde 1995 hasta 2016. Su generosidad la llevó a dedicarle mucho tiempo y esfuerzo a la creación y mantenimiento de esta sociedad profesional en la que todos los que trabajamos en lagos nos sentimos a gusto. Literalmente nos perseguía para que acudiéramos a los congresos y reuniones de la asociación, nos estimulaba a preparar y proponer sesiones, nos corregía y editaba los trabajos, lo que fuera necesario para mantener viva la red. Beth fue una luchadora incansable, una ciudadana y científica de un mundo globalizado. Para ella no había lenguas ni formalismos burocráticos que debieran impedir la libre comunicación e intercambio de ideas entre los científicos. Antes de la era de Big Data ella fue pionera en promover la compilación y síntesis de nuestro conocimiento sobre los lagos de cualquier edad y cualquier lugar del planeta. Beth fue el alma de la impagable tarea de recopilar y publicar una inmensa base de datos

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que alberga todas las cuencas lacustres conocidas del planeta, una tarea que sacó adelante junto con Kerry Kelts. Resultado del titánico esfuerzo de ambos disponemos de dos volúmenes de obligada referencia, que no tienen parangón con ningún otro tipo de recopilación que haya podido ser realizada para ningún otro sistema sedimentario. Fue un trabajo casi heroico, que se adelantaba a su tiempo al incidir en la necesidad de poner a disposición de todo el mundo los datos existentes en formatos comunes. La recordaremos siempre en el campo, repitiendo que había que mirar a las rocas, que en la descripción detallada de las facies podíamos encontrar las respuestas – ¡y las preguntas!. En ese continuo ir y venir entre la descripción detallada, la integración de los afloramientos en modelos tridimensionales, las interpretaciones de procesos a escala de cuenca y más allá… Y vuelta a las facies, sustento de cualquier interpretación. Gracias, Beth, por haber ayudado a tantos a establecerse en su carrera investigadora, gracias por haber extendido la pasión y el amor por los lagos y los carbonatos continentales. Gracias, Beth, por enseñarnos a realizar mejor nuestro trabajo, a entender que la limnogeología tiene que ser global, una tarea compartida entre científicos de todo el mundo, con numerosas técnicas analíticas pero anclada en el afloramiento, el sondeo y las facies sedimentarias. Gracias, Beth, por haber formado parte de nuestras vidas.

Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales, S. Pla-Pueyo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Granada  Granada, Spain Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, M. Fregenal, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid  Madrid, Spain Departamento de Estratigrafía, Facultad de Ciencias, C. Arenas-Abad e Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza  , Zaragoza, Spain B. Valero-Garcés, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE) – CSIC, Campus de Aula Dei  Zaragoza, Spain Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, E. Sanz-Montero, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, A. M. Alonso-Zarza Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Geociencias  Madrid, Spain  

Contents

Part I Introduction  Introduction to Limnogeology: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities: A Tribute to Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch��������������    3 Michael R. Rosen, Lisa Park Boush, David B. Finkelstein, and Sila Pla-Pueyo Part II African Lake  Modern and Ancient Animal Traces in the Extreme Environments of Lake Magadi and Nasikie Engida, Kenya Rift Valley���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������   19 Jennifer J. Scott, Robin W. Renaut, Luis A. Buatois, R. Bernhart Owen, Emma P. McNulty, Mona Stockhecke, Kennie Leet, Tim K. Lowenstein, and M. Gabriela Mángano Part III European Lakes  Lake-Level Fluctuations and Allochthonous Lignite Deposition in the Eocene Pull-Apart Basin “Prinz von Hessen” (Hesse, Germany) – A Palynological Study ��������������������������������������������������   69 Maryam Moshayedi, Olaf K. Lenz, Volker Wilde, and Matthias Hinderer  How Changes of Past Vegetation and Human Impact Are Documented in Lake Sediments: Paleoenvironmental Research in Southwestern Germany, a Review��������������������������������������������  107 Manfred Rösch, Karl-Heinz Feger, Elske Fischer, Matthias Hinderer, Lucas Kämpf, Angelika Kleinmann, Jutta Lechterbeck, Elena Marinova, Antje Schwalb, Gegeensuvd Tserendorj, and Lucia Wick

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Contents

 Large-Scale Slumps and Associated Resedimented Deposits in Miocene Lake Basins from SE Spain ��������������������������������������������������������  135 José P. Calvo, David Gómez-Gras, and Miguel A. Rodríguez-Pascua  Lacustrine and Fluvial Carbonate Microbialites in the Neogene of the Ebro Basin, Spain: A Summary of Up-to-Date Knowledge��������������  163 Concha Arenas-Abad, Leticia Martin-Bello, F. Javier Pérez-Rivarés, Nerea Santos-Bueno, and Marta Vázquez-Urbez Part IV North America  Ecological Response of Ostracodes (Arthropoda, Crustacea) to Lake-Level Fluctuations in the Eocene Green River Formation, Fossil Basin, Wyoming, USA ��������������������������������������������������������������������������  207 Lisa E. Park Boush, Christine M. S. Hall, Lucas S. Antonietto, and Andrew J. McFarland  History of Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: since the Termination of Lake Bonneville��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  233 Charles G. Oviatt, Genevieve Atwood, and Robert S. Thompson  What’s New About the Old Bonneville Basin? Fresh Insights About the Modern Limnogeology of Great Salt Lake����������������������������������  273 Kathleen Nicoll  Middle Holocene Hydrologic Changes Catalyzed by River Avulsion in Big Soda Lake, Nevada, USA������������������������������������������������������  295 Michael R. Rosen, Liam Reidy, Scott Starratt, and Susan R. H. Zimmerman  Diatom Record of Holocene Moisture Variability in the San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA������������������������������������  329 Scott W. Starratt, Matthew E. Kirby, and Katherine Glover  12,000 Year Diatom-Based Paleoenvironmental Record A from Lago De Zirahuén, Mexico��������������������������������������������������������������������  367 Isabel Israde-Alcántara, C. G. Vázquez, Sarah Davies, Ben Aston, and Margarita Caballero Miranda  Sedimentary Record of the Zacapu Basin, Michoacán, México, and Implications for P’urhépecha Culture During the Preclassic and Postclassic Periods������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  393 Diana C. Soria-Caballero, Víctor Hugo Garduño-Monroy, Isabel Israde-­Alcántara, Ángel G. Figueroa-Soto, M. Gabriela Gómez-Vasconcelos, and Nathalie Fagel

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 Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Upper Pleistocene to Holocene Lake Chalco Drill Cores (Mexico Basin)����������������������������������  415 Blas Valero-Garcés, Mona Stockhecke, Socorro Lozano-García, Beatriz Ortega, Margarita Caballero, Peter Fawcett, Josef P. Werne, Erik Brown, Susana Sosa Najera, Kristin Pearthree, David McGee, Alastair G. E. Hodgetts, and Rodrigo Martínez  Submarine Groundwater Discharge as a Catalyst for Eodiagenetic Carbonate Cements Within Marine Sedimentary Basins������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  445 Elizabeth H. Gierlowski-Kordesch, Gar W. Rothwell, Ruth A. Stockey, and David B. Finkelstein Part V South America  econstructing Paleoenvironmental Conditions Through R Integration of Paleogeography, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, Mineralogy and Stable Isotope Data of Lacustrine Carbonates: An Example from Early Middle Triassic Strata of Southwest Gondwana, Cuyana Rift, Argentina��������������������������������������������������������������  471 C. A. Benavente, A. C. Mancuso, and K. M. Bohacs Part VI Asia  Modern Sedimentary Systems of Qinghai Lake�������������������������������������������  513 Jiang Zaixing and Liu Chao  Freshwater Microbialites in Early Jurassic Fluvial Strata of the Pranhita-Godavari Gondwana Basin, India ��������������������������������������  549 Suparna Goswami and Parthasarathi Ghosh Index������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  579

Part I

Introduction

Introduction to Limnogeology: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities: A Tribute to Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch Michael R. Rosen, Lisa Park Boush, David B. Finkelstein, and Sila Pla-Pueyo

Abstract  Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch (1956–2016) was a leader and innovator in the specialty field of limnogeology since its beginnings in the late 1980s. Her excitement for field work and examining sediments was contagious, and she was always testing new research ideas. Beth would have been thrilled with the diversity of papers presented in the volume and the wide array of techniques used to determine the history, geochemistry, paleontology, and paleoclimate preserved in the sediments in basins that are located on every continent except Australia and Antarctica. She would also have been delighted that half the chapters were first authored by highly cited women scientists. Beth spent her career teaching, mentoring, conducting research with students and colleagues, and planning limnogeology conferences, books, and field trips. Her contributions span deep-time lakes from North and South America, Africa, Asia, and Europe, starting with her work on the Lower Jurassic East Berlin Formation where she conducted her Ph.D. research. Her work with Kerry Kelts at the University of Minnesota produced two books summarizing global lake research. These volumes are still used by many researchers, particularly as a starting point in their limnogeological studies. Her collaboration with Springer Nature® resulted in the series entitled Syntheses in Limnogeology, a publication that likely would not exist without her enthusiasm and perseverance. The papers in this second volume in the series describe a variety of Jurassic to modern lakes that range from fresh to hypersaline, shallow to deep, vary in size from