Legends of Eastern Saints: Chiefly from Eastern Sources 9781463208301

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LEGENDS OF EASTERN SAINTS

LEGENDS OF EASTERN SAINTS CHIEFLY FROM SYRIAC SOURCES

EDITED AND P A R T L Y T R A N S L A T E D

BY

A. J. WENSINCK

GORGIAS PRESS 2005

First Gorgias Press Edition, 2005. The special contents of this edition are copyright €> 2005 by Gorgias Press LLC. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States of America by Gorgias Press LLC, New Jersey. This edition is a facsimile reprint of the original edition published by E.J. Brill Ltd., 1911-1913.

ISBN 1-59333-243-2

& Ì G

GORGIAS PRESS

46 Orris Ave., Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA www.gorgiaspress.com

Printed and bound in the United States of America.

Voi. I. The Story of Archelides.

PREFACE.

The legend of Archelides, which is published in the following pages, has hitherto been known by extracts only. It is mentioned for the first time in Asseman's Bibliotheca Orientalis,

III, 286 who, wrongly, identifies Archelides

with John of Rome although there is a certain likeness between the two legends '). Wlistenfeld

has translated

synaxary of the Coptic church

the Arabic

text

of the

2).

In 1897 Erman edited some Coptic fragments of the legend together with the Arabic text of Wiistenfeld's translation 3). The Coptic text is a poetic version, which seems to have been destined for public recitation. Sachau has given a summary of our Ms. B in his catalogue of the Syriac Mss. at Berlin 4). The

present book contains the Syriac, Arabic and

Aethiopic

versions of the legend. I have altered the

readings of the Mss. only where the copyist seems to have made a blunder. So I have retained the orthography 1) The legend of John of Rome or John bar Malke is found in Bedjan's Acta Martyrum, I, 344—365. 2) Synaxarium das ist Heiligen-kalender der coftischen Christen, p. 237 et sequ. 3) Abhandlungen der Berliner Academie der Wissenschaften, 1897. 4) Verzeichniss der syrischen Handschriften, II, 743 et sequ.

PREFACE.

VI

of proper names of the Mss., however strange it may seem to us often. T h e translation of the Syriac text C is as literal as possible. In a few cases I have preferred readings of the sister-texts

A and l i ; sometimes also

some of the too many synonyms had to be suppressed. The Arabic texts are taken from karshuni Mss. F o r typographical reasons I have not retained the Syriac characters. I have to thank the Trustees of the de Goeje Fund for their liberality in enabling me to copy the necessary Manuscripts in England. I have to thank my

friend Professor Mittwoch

at

Berlin, who had the kindness to read a proof of the Aethiopic text. T h e photographs from the Vatican Mss. I got through the kindness of Professor Guidi, to whom I express my sincere thanks. I

am

deeply indebted

Evanston,

to Miss Nellie

M.

Sickels,

Illinois, U. S. A., who undertook to correct

the style of the English part of this book. Lastly Snouck

I express Hurgronje,

my

warmest

thanks to Professor

who, with indefatigable

kindness,

offered to read a proof of the whole book. The reader can

easily

realise

that

it has profited much

by

his

remarks and suggestions. U t r e c h t , June 1 9 1 1 .

A . J.

WENSINCK.

CONTENTS. Introduction

p. IX

Glossary of Arabic words

p.

Translation of Syriac text C

P-

Aethiopic text

p. 25

Arabic text C » »

»

A

»

B

XX 1

p . IV P-

!v

P- '

Syriac text D

p . CISC

»

»

C

P- rilSk

V

»

B

P-

CORRIGENDUM. p. 6, 1. i read: revolved in stead of resolved, p. ry, 1. 6 read: JJwM in stead of

CONTENTS. Introduction

p. IX

Glossary of Arabic words

p.

Translation of Syriac text C

P-

Aethiopic text

p. 25

Arabic text C » »

»

A

»

B

XX 1

p . IV P-

!v

P- '

Syriac text D

p . CISC

»

»

C

P- rilSk

V

»

B

P-

CORRIGENDUM. p. 6, 1. i read: revolved in stead of resolved, p. ry, 1. 6 read: JJwM in stead of

INTRODUCTION.

MANUSCRIPTS. A = Ms. syr. 234, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (cf. Zotenberg,

Cat. des manuscr. syr. et sabéens

de

la

Bibl. Nat., p. 182, n°. 17), fol. 156 et sequ. B = Ms. syr. 235, Bibl. Nat., Paris (cf. Zotenberg, I.e., p. 185, n°. 10), fol. 60 et sequ. C = Ms. A d d .

14. 735, British Museum, London (cf.

Wright, Catalogue of the Syriac Mss. in the Brit. Mus. acquired since the year 1838, III, p. 1 1 2 1 , n°. 7), fol. 127 et sequ. D = Ms. A d d .

14.649, Brit. Mus. (cf. Wright,

I.e.,

III, p. 1 1 0 9 , n°. 19), fol. 122 et sequ. E = Ms. A d d . 14.641, Brit. Mus. (cf. Wright, I.e., I l l , p. 1045, g)> F = Ms. Syr.

et

sequ.

236, Bibl. Nat., Paris (cf. Zotenberg,

I.e., p. 188, n°. 14), fol. 274 et sequ. E = Ms. Rich 7190, Brit. Mus. (cf. Catal. Codd. Mss. Or. qui in Museo Britannico asservantur, Pars I [ed. Forshall], p. 83, n°. 82), fol. 364 et sequ. A = Cod. S y r . 196, Vatican Library, Rome (cf. S. E . et J . S. Assemanus, Bibl. apost. vaticanae codicum mss. catalogus, III, p. 422 n°. 68), fol. 4 1 4 et sequ. B = Ms. Sachau 45, Königliche Bibliothek, Berlin (cf. Sachau,

Verzeichniss der Syr. Handschr. der Königl.

Bibl. zu Berlin, II, p. 743, n°. 4), fol. 137 et sequ. C = Cod. S y r . 199, Vatican Library, Rome (cf. S. E . et J . S. Assemanus, I.e., I l l , p. 446, n°. X I X ) , fol. 180 et sequ.

INTRODUCTION.

XII

T h e A e t h i o p i c Ms. which I have used is preserved in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, Ms. éth. 125 (cf. Zotenberg, Cat. des Mss. éthiopiens de la Bibl. Nat., p. 150, 2 0 .), fol. 150 et sequ. T h e recensions of the legend contained in these Mss. will be discussed infra

(p. XIV et sequ). Here is only to be

said that palaeographically D, E , It belong to one family, in as much as E is closely connected with D, whereas R

seems to be

a c o p y of E . T h i s m a y be concluded

from these facts: In D

and E

the

words ^j.tîm.1

written : have

been

i x û u » (p. «^so) are

as D is the oldest Ms. E must copied

from D, or both Mss. are copies of

the same archetype.

The

orthography

of E

is

more

modern and free than that of D . B, on the other hand has copied even the o r t h o g r a p h y of E ,

as m a y

be

seen from the

notes. T h e

relation

between the three Mss. appears clearly in the treatment of the words r d u i o i ^ . i

rçlV'Slv. (p. \i). T h e s e t w o words

are in D only. T h e scribe of E has omitted the word r d l s a x . and writes only tUtr 6 ilhil

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