Land, lineage and state : a study of Newar society in mediaeval Nepal [First edition.] 9789937597272, 9937597277


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 9789937597272, 9937597277

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LAND, LINEAGE AND STATE A Study of Newar Society in Mediaeval Nepal

Prayag Raj Sharma

IJirnat. Books

728 State Madison. W

u.s./^

© Prayag Raj Sharma, 2015 Published by Himal Books for Social Science Baha

First edition, 2015 ISBN: 978 9937 597 27 2 Social Science Baha

345 Ramchandra Marg, Battisputali, Kathmandu - 9, Nepal Tel: *977-1-4472807 • [email protected] • www.soscbaha.org Himal Books Himal Kitab Pvt Ltd

521 Narayan Gopal Sadak, Lazimpat, Kathmandu - 2 GPO Box 4249, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: *977-1-4422794 • [email protected] • www.himalbooks.com

Printed in Nepal by Sthapit Press, Tahachal Rs 590/-

4-°i35I ,b/4 Zois

To The memory of my late father, Sri Juna Nath Pandit, and Sri Ishwar Raj Aryal (affectionately Sandaju), my late father-in-law.

Contents Abbreviations Diacritical marks Foreword Preface to the English Edition Preface to the Nepali Edition Chapter 1

Scope and Methods of Study

1

Chapter 2

Th-e ‘Dark Age* of Nepal’s Early Mediaeval Period

11

Chapter 3

Some Considerations on the Theories of Caste and the Background of the Licchavi State Chapter 4 The Early Mediaeval Period

19

41

Chapter 5

Brahman and Buddhist Society of Early Mediaeval Nepal: Alternating Decline and Ascendancy

68

Chapter 6

Lineage Structure and Caste Groups in Newar Society

119

Chapter 7

State and Society

155

Chapter 8

Newar Rites of Passage and Festivals

171

Chapter 9

Land, Lineage and State Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Bibliography Index

194

207

213

Abbreviations

AS Bodhini CAS CE ff. f.n. (fn) GV Mss./ms. NS NV n,d. New. Nep. PNM RMVD RV SS VS

Abhilekha Sarhgraha Putrapautradibodhini Cangunarayanaka Aitihasika Samagri Common Era (Gregorian calendar) Following folios (pages) Footnote Gopalarajavam^avali Manuscripts/manuscript Nepala Samvat/Nepal era NyayavikasinI no date Newari Nepali Pumima Rudravarna Mahavihara RgVeda Sanskrit Samde^ah Vikrama Samvat

Diacritical marks and rules for Roman transliteration of Sanskrit, Newari and Nepali words

31

(a)

(ka)

5

3n

(a)

(kha)

w

(ga) (gha) (na)

rT

!!T

(ta) (tha)

(ca)

U

(da) (dha)

(r)

(cha)

w

(na)

(e)

(ia) (I'ha)

’T

(pa) (pha)