Laboratory Manual for Laboratory Procedures for Veterinary Technicians [7 ed.] 0323595405, 9780323595407
Reinforce the essential information you need with the Laboratory Manual for Laboratory Procedures for Veterinary Technic
976 122 15MB
English Pages 152 [150] Year 2019
Front Cover
Laboratory Manual for Laboratory Procedures for Veterinary Technicians Seventh Edition
Copyright
Preface
Table of Contents
1 The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
EXERCISE 1.1: SAFETY AND OSHA STANDARDS
EXERCISE 1.2: MATCHING: HAZARD SIGNS
EXERCISE 1.3: DEFINING KEY TERMS
EXERCISE 1.4: LABORATORY EXERCISE: SECONDARY CONTAINER LABELING
EXERCISE 1.5: WORD SEARCH: OSHA AND SAFETY
EXERCISE 1.6: GENERAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
EXERCISE 1.7: DEFINING KEY TERMS
EXERCISE 1.9: LABORATORY EXERCISE: CENTRIFUGE CALIBRATION
EXERCISE 1.8: LABORATORY EXERCISE: REFRACTOMETER CALIBRATION
EXERCISE 1.10: WORD SEARCH: LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
EXERCISE 1.11: MICROSCOPE PARTS
EXERCISE 1.13: LABORATORY EXERCISE: CALIBRATING THE MICROSCOPE
EXERCISE 1.12: PHOTO QUIZ: LABEL THE PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE
EXERCISE 1.14: LABORATORY EXERCISE: USING THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
EXERCISE 1.15: WORD SEARCH: MICROSCOPY
EXERCISE 1.16: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: THE METRIC SYSTEM AND LABORATORY CALCULATIONS
EXERCISE 1.17: LABORATORY EXERCISE: QUALITY ASSURANCE
EXERCISE 1.18: QUALITY ASSURANCE CROSSWORD PUZZLE
2 Hematology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
EXERCISE 2.1: HEMATOPOIESIS
EXERCISE 2.2: SAMPLE COLLECTION
EXERCISE 2.3: LABORATORY EXERCISE: PACKED CELL VOLUME/CENTRIFUGE CALIBRATION
EXERCISE 2.4: LABORATORY EXERCISE: DETERMINATION OF THE PACKED CELL VOLUME (MICROHEMATOCRIT)
EXERCISE 2.5: INTRODUCTION TO HEMATOLOGY ANALYZERS AND THE COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT
EXERCISE 2.6: DEFINING KEY TERM
EXERCISE 2.7: HEMATOLOGY TERMINOLOGY CROSSWORD PUZZLE
EXERCISE 2.8: HEMATOLOGY WORD SEARCH
EXERCISE 2.9: LABORATORY EXERCISE: PREPARATION OF THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR
EXERCISE 2.10: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK AND SHORT ANSWER: HEMATOLOGY REVIEW
EXERCISE 2.11: MATCHING: HEMATOLOGY
EXERCISE 2.12: PHOTO QUIZ: SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
EXERCISE 2.13: HEMATOLOGY CROSSWORD PUZZLE
EXERCISE 2.14: LABORATORY EXERCISE: COUNTING RETICULOCYTES
EXERCISE 2.14 HEMATOLOGY REVIEW QUESTIONS
EXERCISE 2.15: HEMATOLOGY WORD SEARCH
3 Hemostasis
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
EXERCISE 3.1: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK AND SHORT ANSWER: HEMOSTASIS REVIEW
EXERCISE 3.2: DEFINING KEY TERMS
EXERCISE 3.3: WORD SEARCH: HEMOSTASIS
EXERCISE 3.4: HEMOSTASIS CROSSWORD PUZZLE
EXERCISE 3.5: LABORATORY EXERCISE: BUCCAL MUCOSA BLEEDING TIME TEST
EXERCISE 3.6: LABORATORY EXERCISE: MANUAL FIBRINOGEN ESTIMATE
EXERCISE 3.7: LABORATORY EXERCISE: ACTIVATED CLOTTING TIME
4 Immunology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
EXERCISE 4.1: REVIEW QUESTIONS
EXERCISE 4.2: IMMUNOLOGY CROSSWORD PUZZLE
EXERCISE 4.3: KEY TERMS
EXERCISE 4.4: IMMUNOLOGY MATCHING
EXERCISE 4.5: WORD SEARCH: IMMUNOLOGY
EXERCISE 4.6: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: IMMUNOASSAYS
EXERCISE 4.7: LABORATORY EXERCISE: CROSSMATCHING
5 Urinalysis
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
EXERCISE 5.1: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
EXERCISE 5.2: URINALYSIS CROSSWORD PUZZLE
EXERCISE 5.3: URINALYSIS WORD SEARCH
EXERCISE 5.4: LABORATORY EXERCISE: URINE SAMPLE COLLECTION BY CATHETERIZATION
EXERCISE 5.5: LABORATORY EXERCISE: URINE SAMPLE COLLECTION BY CYSTOCENTESIS
EXERCISE 5.6 URINALYSIS REVIEW QUESTIONS
EXERCISE 5.6: LABORATORY EXERCISE: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL EVALUATIONS OF URINE
EXERCISE 5.7: LABORATORY EXERCISE: MICROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF URINE
EXERCISE 5.8: PHOTO QUIZ: URINALYSIS
EXERCISE 5.9: URINALYSIS WORD SEARCH
EXERCISE 5.10: URINALYSIS CROSSWORD PUZZLE
6 Clinical Chemistry
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
EXERCISE 6.1: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: REVIEW
EXERCISE 6.2: CLINICAL CHEMISTRY CROSSWORD PUZZLE
EXERCISE 6.3: REVIEW QUESTIONS
EXERCISE 6.4: CLINICAL CHEMISTRY WORD SEARCH
EXERCISE 6.5: LABORATORY EXERCISE: PLASMA SAMPLE PREPARATION
EXERCISE 6.6: LABORATORY EXERCISE: SERUM SAMPLE PREPARATION
EXERCISE 6.7: HEMATOLOGY ANALYZERS
7 Microbiology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
EXERCISE 7.1: DEFINING KEY TERMS
EXERCISE 7.2: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
EXERCISE 7.3: CROSSWORD PUZZLE: MICROBIOLOGY
EXERCISE 7.4: LABORATORY EXERCISE: QUADRANT STREAK METHOD FOR ISOLATING BACTERIA
EXERCISE 7.5: LABORATORY EXERCISE: INOCULATING AGAR SLANT AND BUTT
EXERCISE 7.6: LABORATORY EXERCISE: GRAM STAIN PROCEDURE
GRAM STAIN RESULTS
EXERCISE 7.7: LABORATORY EXERCISE: POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE TEST
EXERCISE 7.8: LABORATORY EXERCISE: ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TESTING
EXERCISE 7.9: LABORATORY EXERCISE: CATALASE TEST
EXERCISE 7.10: LABORATORY EXERCISE: DERMATOPHYTE TEST
EXERCISE 7.11: WORD SEARCH: MICROBIOLOGY
8 Parasitology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
EXERCISE 8.1: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: PARASITOLOGY REVIEW
EXERCISE 8.2: DEFINING KEY TERMS
EXERCISE 8.3: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: COMMON PARASITES
EXERCISE 8.4: WORD SEARCH: PARASITOLOGY
EXERCISE 8.5: CROSSWORD PUZZLE: PARASITOLOGY
EXERCISE 8.6: PHOTO QUIZ: PARASITOLOGY
EXERCISE 8.7: LABORATORY EXERCISE: DIRECT SMEAR OF FECES
EXERCISE 8.8: LABORATORY EXERCISE: SIMPLE FECAL FLOTATION
EXERCISE 8.9: LABORATORY EXERCISE: CENTRIFUGAL FLOTATION
EXERCISE 8.10: LABORATORY EXERCISE: FECAL SEDIMENTATION
EXERCISE 8.11: LABORATORY EXERCISE: CELLOPHANE TAPE PREPARATION
EXERCISE 8.12: LABORATORY EXERCISE: BAERMANN TECHNIQUE
EXERCISE 8.13: LABORATORY EXERCISE: BUFFY COAT SMEAR
EXERCISE 8.14: LABORATORY EXERCISE: MODIFIED KNOTT’S TECHNIQUE
9 Cytology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
EXERCISE 9.1: DEFINING KEY TERMS
EXERCISE 9.2: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK AND SHORT ANSWER: CYTOLOGY REVIEW
EXERCISE 9.3: WORD SEARCH: CYTOLOGY
EXERCISE 9.4: CROSSWORD PUZZLE: CYTOLOGY
EXERCISE 9.5: PHOTO QUIZ: CYTOLOGY
EXERCISE 9.6: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: EFFUSIONS
EXERCISE 9.7: LABORATORY EXERCISE: FINE-NEEDLE BIOPSY ASPIRATION PROCEDURE
EXERCISE 9.8: LABORATORY EXERCISE: FINE-NEEDLE BIOPSY NONASPIRATION PROCEDURE
EXERCISE 9.9: LABORATORY EXERCISE: COMPRESSION SMEAR
EXERCISE 9.10: LABORATORY EXERCISE: MODIFIED COMPRESSION SMEAR
EXERCISE 9.11: LABORATORY EXERCISE: LINE SMEAR
EXERCISE 9.12: LABORATORY EXERCISE: WEDGE FILM
EXERCISE 9.13: LABORATORY EXERCISE: STARFISH SMEAR
EXERCISE 9.14: LABORATORY EXERCISE: SCRAPING
EXERCISE 9.15: LABORATORY EXERCISE: PUNCH BIOPSY
EXERCISE 9.16: LABORATORY EXERCISE: TOUCH IMPRINT
EXERCISE 9.17: LABORATORY EXERCISE: TZANCK PREP
EXERCISE 9.18: LABORATORY EXERCISE: SWAB
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Laboratory Manual for
Laboratory Procedures for Veterinary Technicians
Laboratory Manual for
Laboratory Procedures for Veterinary Technicians Seventh Edition
Margi Sirois, EdD, MS, RVT, CVT, LAT, VTES Norcross, Georgia
LABORATORY MANUAL FOR LABORATORY PROCEDURES FOR VETERINARY TECHNICIANS, SEVENTH EDITION
ISBN: 978-0-323-59540-7
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher, except that, until further notice, instructors requiring their students to purchase Laboratory Manual for Laboratory Procedures for Veterinary Technicians by Margi Sirois, may reproduce the contents or parts thereof for instructional purposes, provided each copy contains a proper copyright notice as follows: Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier Inc. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Although for mechanical reasons pages of this publication are perforated, only those pages imprinted with an Elsevier Inc. copyright notice are intended for removal.
Notice Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or con tributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Publishing Director: Kristin Wilhelm Content Strategist: Brandi Graham Senior Content Development Manager: Ellen Wurm-Cutter Senior Content Development Editor: Maria Broeker Publishing Services Manager: Shereen Jameel Project Manager: Aparna Venkatachalam
Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number: 9
3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043
Preface This laboratory manual is intended to accompany the seventh edition of Laboratory Procedures for Veterinary Techni Each unit in the laboratory manual relates to a corresponding unit in the textbook and stresses the essential infor mation of the unit through the use of definitions, short essays (comprehension), photo quizzes, matching completion, word searches, and crossword puzzles. Learning objectives are included at the beginning of each unit to help you focus on the material and concepts that you are expected to learn. The following suggestions will help you use this laboratory manual to identify your strengths and weaknesses. Review the contents of each unit before you attempt to do the exercises. Do not treat the questions individually and then refer to the text for the correct answer. Instead, deal with the unit’s subject matter as a whole because many of the questions are interrelated. This is a learning exercise meant to help you learn the material presented in the textbook, not an examination for grades. Read each question and study each illustration carefully before answering. You may know the answer or you may arrive at the correct answer by knowing which answers are incorrect. The laboratory manual is designed so that the pages can be easily removed, submitted if required, and placed in your notebook with the corresponding lecture notes. The answers to all exercises appear in the Instructor Resources for Laboratory Procedures for Veterinary Technicians Seventh Edition, on the Evolve website at: http://evolve.elsevier.com/Sirois/vettech/
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Preface
1. The Veterinary Practice Laboratory, 2.Hematology, 3.Hemostasis 4 . Immunology, 5.Urinalysis 6. Clinical Chemistry, 7. Microbiology, 8. Parasitology, 9. Cytology,
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory LEARNING OBJECTIVES
When you have completed this unit, you should be able to: 1. Identify,
protectiv
2. Describe 3. Create
container.
4. Differentiate 5. Describe 6. Discuss 7. Calibrate refractometer. 8. Identify 9. List
examining
10. Demonstrate knowledge 11. Demonstrate 12. Describe 13. Differentiate
accuracy
14. Describe
verifying accuracy
EXERCISE 1.1: SAFETY AND OSHA STANDARDS
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1. List ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Under ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Where are th following items located in your laboratory? a. Fire extinguisher
b. MSDS
c. Eye wash station d. Spill
4. List
protectiv
av
laboratory.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 1.2: MATCHING: HAZARD SIGNS
Instructions: Match the hazard communicated with each of the pictograms. a. Health
b. Flammable
c. Acute
d. Corrosion
e. Irritant
f. Explosive
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
EXERCISE 1.3: DEFINING KEY TERMS
Instructions: Define each term in your own words. 1. Occupational ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Biohazard ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Engineering ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Personal protectiv ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Chemical hygiene ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 1.4: LABORATORY EXERCISE: SECONDARY CONTAINER LABELING
Procedure: 1. Locate
binder.
2. Choose
bulk
isopropyl
3. Complete Product Identifier
Hazard Pictograms
_______________ ______________________________
Supplier Information Company
Signal Word
Hazard Statements
______________________________
_____________________________________
Supplemental Information
____________________________________________ Emergency
____________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
EXERCISE 1.5: WORD SEARCH: OSHA AND SAFETY
Instructions: Find the words that are defined by the clues given below. The words may be located horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and may be reversed. M
D
W
U
Z
O
O
N
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W
PATHOGEN PICTOGRAM
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 1.6: GENERAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1. Differentiate
fixed
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which
blown
volumes
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. List
laboratory,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which
following
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
5. What ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ EXERCISE 1.7: DEFINING KEY TERMS
Instructions: Define each term in your own words. 1. Supernatant ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Refractive index ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 1.8: LABORATORY EXERCISE: REFRACTOMETER CALIBRATION
Procedure: 1. Inspect 2. Place 3. Point
cov
cov
water
cov
cover.
tow
4. Bring
eyepiece.
5. Read
gravity
_______________ 6. If
provide
7. Clean
screw manufacturer’
EXERCISE 1.9: LABORATORY EXERCISE: CENTRIFUGE CALIBRATION
Procedure: 1. Run 2. If available, verification
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
stopwatch verify
verify (NOTE:
viewed
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
EXERCISE 1.10: WORD SEARCH: LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
Find the words that are defined by the clues given below. The words may be located horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and may be reversed. P
E
Q
H
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H
A
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ALIQUOTMIXER CONICALTUBES INCUBATOR
REFRACTIVEINDEX REFRACTOMETER SUPERNATANT WATERBATH
EXERCISE 1.11: MICROSCOPE PARTS
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1. Another
objectiv
2. The _______________
_______________. serves
3. To
_______________
_______________ 4. Excess
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
_______________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 1.12: PHOTO QUIZ: LABEL THE PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE
Instructions: Label each microscope part. Part Names
EXERCISE 1.13: LABORATORY EXERCISE: CALIBRATING THE MICROSCOPE
Procedure: 1. Start
low power
2. Rotate micrometer.
micrometer. eyepiece
3. Align 4. Determine 5. Multiply
micrometer. example,
power
Any
factor
example,
For
6. Repeat 7. For Objective
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
now
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
EXERCISE 1.14: LABORATORY EXERCISE: USING THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Procedure: 1. Obtain 2. Clean
objectiv
3. Use 4. Raise 5. Rotate
mov
6. Turn 7. Open
allow
condenser.
8. Place 9. Look 10. Look 11. Use 12. If necessary,
below).
13. Use 14. Choose 15. Rotate
view mov
low-po
objectiv
16. Refocus 17. Rotate
knob. mov
high-power objectiv
18. Refocus
knob.
19. Scan 20. Rotate
objectiv
objectiv
ov
21. Place 22. Rotate 23. Refocus
ov
high-power objectiv
knob.
24. Scan
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
25. When
ov
26. Remove
aw
27. Wipe
low-power,
high-power
28. Use 29. Turn off 30. Use
lowest
31. Center 32. Cover
cover.
Adjusting the Microscope for Köhler Illumination
1. Secure 2. Adjust 3. Place 4. Verify
eyepiece
eyepiece
5. Focus
knob.
6. Close 7. If
view screws
view
8. Open
view
9. Adjust 10. Repeat
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
make
darker
objectiv
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
EXERCISE 1.15: WORD SEARCH: MICROSCOPY
Instructions: Find the words that are defined by the clues given below. The words may be located horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and may be reversed. B
R
P
A
T
B
N
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Q
M
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O
APERTURE PLANACHROMATIC MICROSCOPE
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 1.16: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: THE METRIC SYSTEM AND LABORATORY CALCULATIONS
Instructions: Complete the following chart. Prefixes Power of 10
Prefix
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1. To
_______________
water
2. Convert ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Convert ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. A
false? _______________
5. If _______________
_______________, respectively.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
EXERCISE 1.17: LABORATORY EXERCISE: QUALITY ASSURANCE
following
analyzer.
Instructions: Plot the results on the chart below. Day of the Month
Control Value (mg/dL)
Glucose Control HemoCue (Expected Range, 75–95 mg/dL)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Day of Month
Why
why
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 1.18: QUALITY ASSURANCE CROSSWORD PUZZLE
3 Destruction of erythrocytes 6 Presence of fatty material in plasma or serum 7 The magnitude of random errors and the 8 Abnormal yellowish discoloration of skin, mucous membranes, or plasma as a result of increased
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Down 1 The closeness with which test results agree with the true quantitative value of the constituent 2 The ability of a method to be accurate and precise 4 Nonbiological solution of an analyte, usually in distilled water, with a known concentration 5 Biological solution of known values used for verification
Chapter
The Veterinary Practice Laboratory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
When you have completed this unit, you should be able to: 1. List
erythrocyte
leukoc
2. List
various
3. List 4. List
av
5. Perform
veterinary analyzer.
6. Define
explain
7. Perform packed
volume
8. Calibrate 9. Prepare
differential leukoc
10. Perform differential leukoc 11. Identify
erythrocytes
leukoc
12. Perform reticulocyte EXERCISE 2.1: HEMATOPOIESIS
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1. List
erythrocyte
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The
cytokine
erythrocytes
_____________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. List
granulocyte
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
4. Define leukemoid _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Define pancytopenia. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EXERCISE 2.2: SAMPLE COLLECTION
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1. List
a. Dog ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
b. Cat ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
c. Horse �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
d. Bird ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
2. Explain
difference
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The _____________________________________. 4. The _____________________________________. 5. The
preserves
_____________________________________. 6. If
drawn
drawn
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Hematology
Instructions: Complete the following chart. Cap Color
Additive
Primary Use
________________
“Tiger
activ
EDTA
EXERCISE 2.3: LABORATORY EXERCISE: PACKED CELL VOLUME/CENTRIFUGE CALIBRATION
Procedure: 1. Use stopwatch
verify verify reproducibility.
sev
2. Use
different
intervals,
view
3. Verify The
packed
cov volume
achiev
a. Choose two have
checked
ethylenediaminetetraacetic
following
(EDTA)–anticoagulated
b. Fill c. Perform d. Continue e. Centrifuge two f. Plot g. Repeat
Chapter
Hematology
intervals.
values value
beginning interval. two consecutiv
beyond
intervals.
interval.
curve
curve worn
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 2.4: LABORATORY EXERCISE: DETERMINATION OF THE PACKED CELL VOLUME (MICROHEMATOCRIT)
Procedure: 1. Obtain
EDTA-anticoagulated
2. Mix
inv
sev
3. Remove 4. Hold two
together,
5. Allow 6. Remove 7. Seal
any excess
off
clay.
8. Place
facing outward
other.
9. Secure 10. Set 11. Centrifuge 12. Allow 13. Determine
reader.
14. Alternatively, Make
packed
Divide
Instructions: Record your results below. _______________ Patient _______________ _______________ Patient _______________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
_______________
_______________
_______________ Av _______________
_______________
_______________ Av
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
Chapter
Hematology
EXERCISE 2.5: INTRODUCTION TO HEMATOLOGY ANALYZERS AND THE COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1. What _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe
analyzer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe
flow cytometry
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe
quantitativ buf
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EXERCISE 2.6: DEFINING KEY TERM
1. Define
explain
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
2. Differentiate between controls an standards. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Define the erythrocyte indices. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Define buffy coat. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Define apoptosis. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Hematology
EXERCISE 2.7: HEMATOLOGY TERMINOLOGY CROSSWORD PUZZLE
1 Cells that have a variable staining pattern; basophilia evenly spaced over the cell activities but different physical properties 4 The fluid portion of blood after it has clotted; does not contain cells or coagulation proteins. 6 Phagocytic cell derived from the monocyte 9 Another name for a platelet; cytoplasmic fragment of bone marrow megakaryocyte 11 Variation in the size of erythrocytes
Down 1 Abnormal shape of erythrocytes 5 A formation of erythrocytes in rows or stacks 7 Increased numbers of leukocytes in the blood 8 Abnormal decrease in neutrophils in a peripheral blood sample 10 Cells with a smaller than normal 12 Round, darkly stained RBCs
(ribosomes) that are lost as it matures 14 Erythrocyte fragments formed when the RBC is damaged by intravascular trauma
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 2.8: HEMATOLOGY WORD SEARCH
Instructions: Find the words that are defined by the clues given below. The words may be located horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and may be reversed. M
L
Y
E
T
O
T
A
T
E
E
M
T
A
D
T
M
I
O
O
Y
T
E
O
E
S
N
C
C
E
R
I
O
O
S
Y
N
C
R
T
O
Y
H
P
R
E
K
S
R
A
T
A
I
T
N
L
I
N
S
T
H
I
M
E
H
A
H
N
S
R
M
I
S
Y
L
M
E
H
M
T
F
I
E
O
U
C
M
I
M
A
C
A
N
Y
E
G
S
F
R
N
T
T
A
K
R
R
A
A
A
I
D
M
Z
H
E
M
A
C
Y
T
O
E
T
E
R
I
O
I
A
K
S
E
T
Y
C
P
I
D
A
R
I
L
E
T
G
Z
E
C
I
Y
M
H
M
R
D
I
F
F
E
R
E
N
T
A
L
O
S
A
E
E
T
Y
C
O
H
T
N
C
A
T
A
N
M
I
C
R
O
F
I
L
A
I
A
E
L
E
O
I
I
M
L
O
T
I
A
O
I
Y
P
R
ACANTHOCYTE ANTICOAGULANT
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
ERYTHROID HEMACYTOMETER HEMOLYSIS
I
KARYOLYSIS MACROCYTE MICROFILARIA
Chapter
Hematology
EXERCISE 2.9: LABORATORY EXERCISE: PREPARATION OF THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR
Procedure: 1. Thoroughly clean glass microscope slide with methanol, an polish it dr with lens tissue or other lint-free material. 2. Obtain
EDTA-anticoagulated
3. Mix
inv
4. Hold two wooden
sev
Remov
together,
5. Withdraw
remove
6. Place
tow
7. Place
draw
30-degree
8. Allow 9. Push
forward
10. Gently wave 11. Place
dryer.
air-dried
12. Stain
manufacturer’
13. Remove excess
allow
dry.
EXERCISE 2.10: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK AND SHORT ANSWER: HEMATOLOGY REVIEW
Instructions: Fill in each of the spaces provided with the missing word or words that complete the sentence. 1. An 2. The cytoplasmic vacuoles. 3. _______________
large
variably
diffuse
leukoc
4. RBC
intrav
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 5. What
differential
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
6. Describe
following
any
a. Segmented _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ b. Band _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Lymphocyte _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ d. Monocyte _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ e. Eosinophil _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ f. Basophil _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. List
Howell-Jolly body.
would
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Hematology
8. List
body.
would
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Describe a. Canine _______________________________________________________________________________________________ b. Feline _______________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Equine _______________________________________________________________________________________________ d. Bovine _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 2.11: MATCHING: HEMATOLOGY
Instructions: Match each image to its corresponding cell name. a. Basophil
b. Eosinophil
c. Monocyte
d. Neutrophil
e. Lymphocyte
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Hematology
EXERCISE 2.12: PHOTO QUIZ: SLIDE IDENTIFICATION
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1.
a. What ______________________________________ b. Describe _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.
a. What ______________________________________ b. Describe _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
3.
a. Name
two
smear.
______________________________________ b. Describe
morphology.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.
a. Name ______________________________________ b. Describe _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Hematology
5.
a. Name ______________________________________ b. Describe _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.
a. Name ______________________________________ b. Describe _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
7.
a. Name ______________________________________ b. Describe
morphology.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.
morphology.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Hematology
9.
a. Name
arrows.
______________________________________ b. Name
arrow
______________________________________ 10.
a. What
arrow
______________________________________ b. From ______________________________________ c. Describe
smear.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
11.
a. What ______________________________________ b. Describe _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.
a. Name
arrow
______________________________________ b. Describe _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Hematology
13.
a. Name
pointer.
______________________________________ 14.
a. What ______________________________________ b. Is ______________________________________
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
15.
a. Name
pointer.
______________________________________ b. What ______________________________________ 16.
a. What ______________________________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Hematology
17.
a. What
arrows (new methylene
______________________________________ b. Is ______________________________________
a. This
org
______________________________________ b. Describe _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
19.
a. This
cow
______________________________________ b. Describe
org
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.
a. What
arrowhead?
______________________________________ b. Describe _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Which ______________________________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Hematology
21.
PLT
20
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.
organism
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
23.
explain how
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
verify
they
artifact.
Chapter
Hematology
EXERCISE 2.13: HEMATOLOGY CROSSWORD PUZZLE
6 Production of leukocytes 8 An erythrocyte with spiny projections of different lengths distributed irregularly over the cell; spur cell 9 An erythrocyte with many small projections evenly spaced over the cell 10 Erythrocyte with a linear area of central pallor 12 Leukocyte of avian, reptile, and some fish granules 13 Cells that stain with their characteristic color 14 An abnormally shaped erythrocyte that appears to have horns
Chapter
Hematology
Down 1 Decreased numbers of all blood cells and platelets in peripheral blood or bone marrow 2 Neoplastic cells in blood or bone marrow 4 Denotes a neutrophil with more than five decrease in hemoglobin concentration 7 Production of erythrocytes 11 Leukocyte group that has no visible cytoplasmic granules
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 2.14: LABORATORY EXERCISE: COUNTING RETICULOCYTES
Procedure: 1. Filter few coffee filter, 2. Obtain
reticulocyte
paper,
EDTA-anticoagulated
3. Place few 4. Add
volume
reticulocyte
5. Allow 6. Clean
two
7. Label 8. Withdraw large Allow dry.
make
9. Examine 10. Count 11. Calculate
objectiv erythrocytes,
reticulocytes
reticulocyte
of reticulocytes 100 % reticulocytes 1000
12.
a. Calculate
value
b. Calculate
reticulocytes
av
reticulocyte
i. Canine :% reticulocytes
PCV% 45%
correctted reticulocyte %
ii. Feline : % reticulocytes
PCV% 35%
correctted reticulocyte %
Record your results. Patient Total
reticulocytes
Reticulocyte
value
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Reticulocyte reticulocyte
Chapter
Hematology
Patient Total
reticulocytes
Reticulocyte
Reticulocyte
value
reticulocyte
Patient Total
reticulocytes
Reticulocyte
Reticulocyte
value
reticulocyte
EXERCISE 2.14 HEMATOLOGY REVIEW QUESTIONS
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1. Name
two
reticulocytes
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe
two
reticulocytes
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Which
reticulocyte
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 2.15: HEMATOLOGY WORD SEARCH
Instructions: Find the words that are defined by the clues given below. The words may be located horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and may be reversed. O
N
N
H
M
E
E
T
N
T
D
S
D
N
E
O
E
O
F
E
E
S
O
N
M
A
S
A
T
I
C
O
A
M
E
H
O
R
C
I
M
E
Y
T
E
O
I
T
Y
L
A
R
X
N
O
N
C
A
L
B
N
S
T
L
Y
E
I
E
L
C
O
N
P
I
B
E
I
O
H
B
M
P
Y
P
Y
I
M
E
O
H
C
R
O
F
Y
O
C
O
R
T
A
B
P
Y
R
L
I
K
L
H
I
O
A
U
D
N
T
O
G
B
N
E
E
P
D
R
K
L
O
S
Y
O
R
O
P
G
Y
M
U
A
A
G
A
I
M
I
S
T
H
N
C
Y
O
P
G
G
K
A
N
I
O
L
U
E
E
L
A
L
E
A
K
H
S
C
A
P
I
E
I
D
M
A
M
I
C
I
Y
C
O
M
R
O
N
T
L
O
P
S
M
K
E
O
R
T
U
A
I
N
I
M
M
R
A
E
S
I
I
Y
B
E
E
I
Y
N
A
P
AGGLUTINATION
DACRYOCYTE
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
KARYORRHEXIS LEPTOCYTE LYMPHOPENIA
MEGAKARYOCYTE MICROHEMATOCRIT NEUTROPHIL
Chapter
Hematology
Hematology Report Form Patient name: Species:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Collection date/time: WBC count RBC count Platelet count PCV (mHCT) TP (Total protein) Hemoglobin MCV MCH
WBC differential:
Relative
Segmented neutrophil Non-segmented (band) neutrophil
Basophil Platelet estimation:
RBC morphology:
Comments:
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hematology Report Form Patient name: Species:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Collection date/time: WBC count RBC count Platelet count PCV (mHCT) TP (Total protein) Hemoglobin MCV MCH
WBC differential:
Relative
Segmented neutrophil Non-segmented (band) neutrophil
Basophil Platelet estimation:
RBC morphology:
Comments:
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Hematology
Hematology Report Form Patient name: Species:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Collection date/time: WBC count RBC count Platelet count PCV (mHCT) TP (Total protein) Hemoglobin MCV MCH
WBC differential:
Relative
Segmented neutrophil Non-segmented (band) neutrophil
Basophil Platelet estimation:
RBC morphology:
Comments:
Chapter
Hematology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
When you have completed this unit, you should be able to: 1. Explain 2. Describe
ev
3. Discuss 4. Describe 5. List
ev
6. Perform 7. Perform
buccal
8. Perform
activ
(ACT)
EXERCISE 3.1: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK AND SHORT ANSWER: HEMOSTASIS REVIEW
Instructions: Answer the following questions and fill in each of the spaces provided with the missing word or words that complete the sentence. 1. The
vessel
2. _______________ serves 3. _______________ 4. When
complex
cytoplasmic
activ
exposed
5. Samples
leukoc surface
mixed
6. The
ev
ev
factor except Factor
7. The ACT 8. The 9. _______________
factors.
10. _______________
factor deficiency
Factor
deficiency.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
11. List
five
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Which
factors
activ
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. On differential
smear,
14. _______________
av
individual
analyzer.
15. Another 16. Describe two __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ EXERCISE 3.2: DEFINING KEY TERMS
Instructions: Define each term in your own words. 1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Megakaryocyte ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Thrombocytopenia ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Prothrombin ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Petechia ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 3.3: WORD SEARCH: HEMOSTASIS
Instructions: Find the words that are defined by the clues given below. The words may be located horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and may be reversed. C
E
T
Q
R
U
L
Q
V
H
L
J
R
V
R
K
M
O
K
Q
N
G
N
J
T
Y
G
F
C
Z
V
Y
B
V
F
E
I
K
E
A
M
Q
Y
I
H
B
J
G
K
E
A
V
J
L
L
Y
C
C
U
I
Y
H
P
A
R
G
O
T
S
A
L
E
O
B
M
O
R
H
T
N
V
Y
Z
W
O
E
R
L
J
A
T
Z
A
O
T
K
O
A
I
E
D
I
C
D
M
H
S
Y
L
I
K
L
N
H
B
Y
P
S
R
P
I
E
E
R
B
W
Q
L
R
C
U
V
R
E
S
G
A
Y
C
O
Z
P
V
R
I
I
D
C
Y
G
Y
O
I
V
T
L
R
E
T
T
X
M
L
V
N
D
O
N
A
D
M
F
F
P
P
H
T
I
E
Y
O
O
O
C
I
B
R
O
A
B
I
O
E
I
G
A
I
D
L
C
K
H
T
M
M
M
C
K
O
R
C
T
N
Z
H
K
C
T
E
O
E
C
E
O
V
R
S
C
R
Z
B
Q
A
O
P
X
L
B
T
B
A
R
R
R
E
W
Y
N
W
V
M
E
T
H
V
B
E
M
A
M
S
H
F
P
Y
T
N
I
R
B
I
F
L
U
P
E
S
B
L
O
T
H
Y
P
O
C
O
A
G
U
L
A
B
L
E
S
T
A
P
R
A
H
M
S
G
O
C
O
N
Q
L
U
D
Z
I
F
O
T
S
H
G
A
I
H
T
A
P
O
B
M
O
R
H
T
L
W
P
H
E
T
I
S
G
E
J
H
T
P
H
C
W
X
Z
Q
M
M
N
C
P
Y
D
D
L
D
Y
Y
F
I
B
R
O
M
E
T
E
R
V
O
V
Q
U
R
N
H
Y
D
L
T
A
O
N
W
B
W
R
J
X
O
V
H
ACT BMBT DIMERS DIC FIBRIN
FIBROMETER HYPERCOAGULABLE HYPOCOAGULABLE MICROPARTICLES MONOVETTE
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE PIVKA PLATELETCRIT THROMBIN THROMBOCRIT
THROMBOCYTOPENIA THROMBOCYTOSIS THROMBOELASTOGRAPHY THROMBOPATHIA VONWILLEBRAND
Chapter
EXERCISE 3.4: HEMOSTASIS CROSSWORD PUZZLE 1
2
Down
5 An instrument used in hemostatic evaluation of samples 6 Bone marrow cell from which blood platelets arise
2 Characterized by abnormally decreased coagulability 3 Formed from prothrombin, calcium, and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process
EXERCISE 3.5: LABORATORY EXERCISE: BUCCAL MUCOSA BLEEDING TIME TEST
Procedure: 1. Anesthetize
recumbency
2. Fold 3. Place
gauze. device against
4. Depress 5. After 6. Continue remov
surface
device
lev
against
aw
timer. paper.
ev
7. Record Record your results:
Patient
Chapter
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Patient
Patient
EXERCISE 3.6: LABORATORY EXERCISE: MANUAL FIBRINOGEN ESTIMATE
Procedure: 1. Fill two 2. Determine
packed
volume
refractometer.
3. Incubate 4. Recentrifuge 5. Determine
refractometer.
6. Multiply 7. Calculate
following
values
Record your results:
Patient
Patient
Patient
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
EXERCISE 3.7: LABORATORY EXERCISE: ACTIVATED CLOTTING TIME
Procedure: 1. Prewarm
ACT
water
2. Perform venipuncture
additiv
3. Begin 4. Place 5. Cap
prew
ACT
inv
6. Place
water
7. Beginning a. Remove
water
b. Return c. Repeat
evidence
water abov ev
five
evident.
Record your results:
Patient ACT
Patient ACT
Patient ACT
Chapter
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Patient name: Species:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Test
Thrombin time (seconds) Prothrombin time (seconds) PTT (seconds) APTT (seconds) Fibrinogen (mg/dL) Bleeding time (minutes) ACT (seconds)
Patient name: Species:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Test
Thrombin time (seconds) Prothrombin time (seconds) PTT (seconds) APTT (seconds) Fibrinogen (mg/dL) Bleeding time (minutes) ACT (seconds)
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Patient name: Species:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Test
Thrombin time (seconds) Prothrombin time (seconds) PTT (seconds) APTT (seconds) Fibrinogen (mg/dL) Bleeding time (minutes) ACT (seconds)
Chapter
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
When you have completed this unit, you should be able to: 1. Differentiate
adaptiv immunity.
2. Differentiate 3. List
immunity.
five
immunoglobulins
4. Define 5. Describe
various
6. Differentiate
lymphocytes passiv
7. Discuss sensitivity
lymphocytes
explain
activ immunity. they
8. List
av
9. Describe
enzyme-linked
10. Describe
latex
veterinary
laboratory.
11. Perform 12. Describe EXERCISE 4.1: REVIEW QUESTIONS
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1. List _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Define _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter
Immunology
3. Describe
ev
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. List _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. List
lymphocytes.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Define _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Define cytokine. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Immunology
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8. State
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Activation 10. The 11. The
lymphocytes abundant
immunoglobulin
12. _______________
complex.
13. _______________
positiv
14. The 15. Atopy
giv
veterinary anaphylaxis
16. Glomerulonephritis
hypersensiti example
hypersensitivity.
17. In
18. The vast
hav
19. In
20. Blood
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
veterinary
Chapter
Immunology
21. Define
immunity.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
22. Define
titer.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
23. Name two
immunity.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
24. Describe
involved
hypersensiti
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
25. Name
two
hypersensiti
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Immunology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 4.2: IMMUNOLOGY CROSSWORD PUZZLE
2 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 4 A measure of the numbers of false positives produced with the given reaction procedure 6 Refers to the ability of the test to correctly identify all animals that are truly positive for a given reaction procedure 7 Edema of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues
Down 1 Soluble proteins secreted by cells to mediate 3 Refers to binding of complement to antigen 5 A naturally occurring antibody produced by
9 Any substance capable of generating a response
EXERCISE 4.3: KEY TERMS
1. Define avidity. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Define _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter
Immunology
3. Define _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Define _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Define _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EXERCISE 4.4: IMMUNOLOGY MATCHING
Instructions: Match the immunoglobulin (Ig) class with each of the functions. Immunoglobulin Class 1. _____
a. B-lymphocyte surface
2. _____
b. Neutralization
3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
c. Mucosal d. Immediate hypersensiti
passiv respiratory, allergies
anaphylactic
e. Activation
Chapter
Immunology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 4.5: WORD SEARCH: IMMUNOLOGY
Instructions: Find the words that are defined by the clues given below. The words may be located horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and may be reversed. Y
Q
C
B
B
T
J
G
S
H
G
A
H
M
P
Y
Y
Y
U
P
Q
H
A
R
T
I
T
E
R
F
U
U
X
P
A
K
T
N
D
C
R
Y
P
J
O
Y
T
X
D
T
C
I
K
S
B
F
I
P
Y
O
N
F
R
A
Z
S
T
J
O
B
R
G
S
E
S
R
V
P
K
L
J
D
I
P
R
O
S
I
Y
U
P
A
T
G
R
U
I
S
O
P
O
R
Q
S
O
G
M
M
X
N
O
L
L
F
A
Y
T
L
C
Z
S
D
D
M
Q
M
O
I
A
N
U
C
K
I
Z
Z
I
A
K
O
X
W
J
L
U
K
B
T
U
T
Z
G
C
W
E
Y
S
E
I
E
E
L
U
N
G
A
B
M
A
W
C
T
M
B
V
D
N
H
X
V
Z
Q
E
H
R
J
M
T
F
M
L
H
R
J
F
E
E
W
O
A
O
E
A
F
I
I
C
Q
F
A
O
D
I
Q
H
X
S
J
K
C
U
F
J
C
O
U
B
A
Q
A
D
R
A
N
O
V
R
D
U
C
J
S
B
I
U
M
B
B
I
S
E
Z
H
P
G
O
E
I
O
I
T
N
D
O
Y
W
S
L
A
R
R
L
F
C
Z
H
P
N
O
N
P
A
V
X
P
D
C
O
L
J
A
L
S
N
O
Y
Y
S
B
A
R
E
N
I
M
A
T
S
I
H
E
C
N
X
P
N
H
J
Y
T
I
M
M
U
N
O
D
I
F
F
U
S
I
O
N
L
U
Q
T
I
D
Z
S
N
E
D
D
D
A
U
T
P
T
T
Z
D
A
M
D
O
P
T
Y
H
R
H
K
Z
S
H
Q
A
A
N
R
E
B
U
M
N
H
S
E
H
L
O
Y
E
G
A
I
I
J
D
V
U
O
T
B
I
ATOPY AUTOIMMUNE CROSSMATCHING HISTAMINE IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY URTICARIA VACCINATION
Chapter
Immunology
EXERCISE 4.6: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: IMMUNOASSAYS
Instructions: Complete the following chart for the immunoassays available in your laboratory. Name of Test
Chapter
Immunology
Manufacturer
Principle (if ELISA, state format— e.g., microwell, filter)
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 4.7: LABORATORY EXERCISE: CROSSMATCHING
Procedure: 1. Obtain
ethylenediaminetetraacetic
[EDTA]
Samples 2. Centrifuge
packed EDTA
3. Place
Remov EDTA
4. Add 5. Centrifuge 6. Pour off 7. Resuspend
a. Repeat
clear.
8. Add few 9. Major crossmatch:
“major.
a. Add
10. Minor crossmatch:
a. Add
11. Controls:
“minor.
two
a. Add
b. Add 12. Incubate
a. Room
13. Centrifuge 14. Examine 15. Grade any
evidence examine
microscopically.
16. Positive
evidence Many Large Many large aggregate
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Immunology
Blood Typing and Crossmatching Report
Patient name: Species:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Blood Typing and Crossmatching Report
Patient name: Species:
Chapter
Immunology
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Blood Typing and Crossmatching Report
Patient name: Species:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Blood Typing and Crossmatching Report
Patient name: Species:
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Chapter
Immunology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
When you have completed this unit, you should be able to: 1. List 2. Describe 3. Prepare
examination.
4. Perform physical
ev
5. Perform
examination
6. List 7. Describe
explain
8. List EXERCISE 5.1: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
Instructions: Fill in each of the spaces provided with the missing word or words that complete the sentence. 1. Pigments
giv
_______________.
2. _______________ 3. A
frequency volume
_______________.
4. A _______________ 5. _______________
sensitivity
6. _______________
gravity
7. _______________ 8. An 9. _______________
_______________
volume, color, odor, turbidity, volume
gravity
_______________. ev
10. A _______________ 11. _______________ 12. The 13. _______________
Chapter
_______________. env
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14. _______________ 15. The
tubules
kidney
_______________
EXERCISE 5.2: URINALYSIS CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Down 2 Cells smaller than a WBC; may be smooth, biconcave disk shape 7 Term used for presence of RBCs in urine 8 Urine specific gravity approaches glomerular filtrate 9 Crystals referred to as triple phosphate crystals 12 Type of water used to calibrate a refractometer 13 Protein found in muscle; urine is very dark brown
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
1 Instrument used to determine specific gravity 3 Sterile collection of urine; can be used for culture 4 pH above 7.0 5 Formed in the lumen of the distal and collecting tubules of the kidney 6 Presence of crystals in urine 9 Stain used for observing cells in urine sediment 10 Physical properties of urine include color, odor, turbidity, specific gravity, and __________ 11 __________ bodies are formed during incomplete catabolism of fatty acids Chapter
EXERCISE 5.3: URINALYSIS WORD SEARCH
Instructions: Find the words that are defined by the clues given below. The words may be located horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and may be reversed. B
M
W
H
Y
C
Q
G
L
W
A
T
C
C
S
I
W
E
X
V
M
S
V
U
I
G
K
A
I
B
L
M
D
G
Z
O
K
T
R
G
A
Q
S
Z
M
I
A
O
I
U
K
B
U
R
L
M
E
T
Y
N
R
I
Z
B
A
F
T
E
O
U
T
U
O
L
E
U
R
S
E
B
A
I
M
W
N
V
G
Y
J
W
B
U
Y
J
M
K
X
R
E
M
L
I
W
V
F
I
S
R
E
F
R
A
C
T
O
M
E
T
E
R
N
O
H
C
S
M
O
U
B
N
Z
H
E
E
V
U
C
Z
H
Q
T
P
I
O
G
E
W
R
H
O
R
U
Q
J
S
L
N
L
D
N
Y
C
F
G
J
I
L
L
Y
Y
U
O
L
I
G
U
R
I
A
L
A
G
C
R
R
U
H
R
K
O
X
G
Y
Y
D
O
C
S
I
S
A
I
H
T
I
L
O
R
U
G
V
S
A
I
T
F
L
T
Y
G
N
H
J
M
V
BILIRUBINURIA
MYOGLOBINURIA
CYSTOCENTESIS
REFRACTOMETER STRUVITE UROLITHIASIS
HEMATURIA
Chapter
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 5.4: LABORATORY EXERCISE: URINE SAMPLE COLLECTION BY CATHETERIZATION
Procedure: 1. Choose a. For
i. Clip
ii. Use
hair,
aseptically.
vaginal
b. For aseptically, 2. Lubricate
catheter,
3. Introduce
aseptically. bladder,
av
4. Empty
catheter.
EXERCISE 5.5: LABORATORY EXERCISE: URINE SAMPLE COLLECTION BY CYSTOCENTESIS
Procedure: 1. Select 2. Place 3. Palpate
20-gauge recumbency ventral recumbency bladder.
4. Insert a. For b. For
ventral
5. Gently
patient’s
EXERCISE 5.6 URINALYSIS REVIEW QUESTIONS
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1. Describe
sensitivity
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
2. List
physical
ev
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Define
gravity
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. List
factors
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8. When
examination, How
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Briefly
examination.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. When examining
objectiv
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
11. List
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
12. Describe
erythrocyte
examining
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
13. Describe
leukoc
examining
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. List
five
provide
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
15. List
largest
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
16. Describe
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
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17. List
hour.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
18. Normal
_______________
19. Glucose 20. List
_______________
_______________.
ketonuria.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
21. Define
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
22. Define
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
23. How
differentiated
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
24. Squamous
_______________ _______________, vagina, _______________,
_______________ 25. In
erythrocytes
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_______________.
Chapter
26. Define
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
27. From
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
28. How
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
29. Name
triple phosphate
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
30. Name
ethylene
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 5.6: LABORATORY EXERCISE: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL EVALUATIONS OF URINE
Procedure: 1. Obtain
volumes
2. Pour
dry,
3. Evaluate
sample’s color.
4. Evaluate
sample’s turbidity.
5. Evaluate
specimen’s odor.
6. Perform
gravity ev
7. Note
but
refractometer.
expiration
8. Immerse 9. Remove 10. Tilt
towel. aw
excess
11. Evaluate 12. Record
Chapter
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 5.7: LABORATORY EXERCISE: MICROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF URINE
Procedure: 1. Pour 2. Centrifuge 3. Pour off
leaving
4. Resuspend 5. Transfer coverslip over 6.
new methylene cov ov
7. Subdue 8. Scan
large
9. Examine
cov
10. Examine
high-power
objective
high-power
11. Record
av
lowest
numbers/high-power
numbers/low-po
EXERCISE 5.8: PHOTO QUIZ: URINALYSIS
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1.
observed ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
2.
observed ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.
a. What
large
b. Describe
Chapter
explain
deriv
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4.
a. What
b. Describe
explain
deriv
5.
a. What
b. Describe
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Chapter
6.
a. What
b. Describe
7.
a. What
b. Describe
Chapter
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8.
a. Name _________________________________________________________________________________________________ b. In _________________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Describe _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.
a. Name _________________________________________________________________________________________________ b. In _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter
10.
a. Name
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ b. In
two
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
11.
a. Name
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ b. In
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Describe
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
12.
a. Name _______________________________________________________________________________________________ b. In _______________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Describe
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
13.
observed
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Chapter
14.
a. Name
observed
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ b. Describe
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
15.
a. Name
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ b. In
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Describe
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
16.
a. Name _______________________________________________________________________________________________ b. In _______________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Describe
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
17.
ov
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Chapter
18.
19.
observed
Chapter
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
20.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
EXERCISE 5.9: URINALYSIS WORD SEARCH
Instructions: Find the words that are defined by the clues given below. The words may be located horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and may be reversed.
CYSTOCENTESIS ERYTHROCYTE GLOMERULUS KETONES LEUKOCYTE OXALATE
Chapter
SEDISTAIN TYROSINE UNCONJUGATED WAXY
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 5.10: URINALYSIS CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Down 6 _____bilirubin does not pass through the glomerulus into the renal filtrate and is not water soluble 8 Calcium _____ crystals are seen in urine of animals poisoned with ethylene glycol 9 Calcium carbonate crystals are commonly seen in the 11 Animals with liver disease may have these crystals; 13 A result of intravascular hemolysis 14 Conditions that lead to crystal formation may also cause formation of urinary _____ 15 Seen in urine sediment of intact male animals
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
1 Often seen with traumatic catheterization or bladder expression 2 Type of bilirubin found in urine 3 Crystal that resembles a coffin lid 4 Seen in horses with exertional rhabdomyolysis is a bladder worm of dogs and cats 9 Smallest epithelial cell observed in urine 10 pH below 7.0
Chapter
Urinalysis Report Form Patient name: Species: Collection date/time:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Method of collection:
Physical properties Volume: Color:
Odor: Specific gravity: Chemical properties
Ketones:
Bilirubin:
Urine sediment
Epithelial cells (HPF): specify type Bacteria (HPF): Crystals (HPF): specify type
Chapter
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Urinalysis Report Form Patient name: Species: Collection date/time:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Method of collection:
Physical properties Volume: Color:
Odor: Specific gravity: Chemical properties
Ketones:
Bilirubin:
Urine sediment
Epithelial cells (HPF): specify type Bacteria (HPF): Crystals (HPF): specify type
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Urinalysis Report Form Patient name: Species: Collection date/time:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Method of collection:
Physical properties Volume: Color:
Odor: Specific gravity: Chemical properties
Ketones:
Bilirubin:
Urine sediment
Epithelial cells (HPF): specify type Bacteria (HPF): Crystals (HPF): specify type
Chapter
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Clinical Chemistry LEARNING OBJECTIVES
When you have completed this unit, you should be able to: 1. Prepare 2. Describe
effects
3. Describe 4. List
ev
liver, kidney
5. List 6. Perform EXERCISE 6.1: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: REVIEW
Instructions: Fill in each of the spaces provided with the missing word or words that complete the sentence. 1. Chemical 2. A 3. _______________ 4. A
wavelength wavelength
5. Increases
uptake
6. Increases 7. Cholesterol 8. The
liv
veterinary
9. Isoenzymes liver. 10. The
kidney
11. In
conv
excreted
12. Uric
13. The
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
ev
Chapter
Clinical Chemistry
14. A
excretion
relativ
15. Tests of th endocrine functions of th pancreas include 16. Increased
hyper
17. Increased
hyper
18. The ketone
abundance
19. The kidneys
regulating
20. Increased lev
ketoacidotic activ hypoperfusion
hypoxia.
EXERCISE 6.2: CLINICAL CHEMISTRY CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Down 1 Represents the irreversible reaction of glucose 2 Increased retention of urea in the blood 3 An insoluble molecule derived from the breakdown 4 The major binding and transport protein in the blood; responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure 5 Plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed 7 The fluid portion of whole blood in which the cells
Chapter
Clinical Chemistry
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 6.3: REVIEW QUESTIONS
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1. List ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. State
assay.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. List
two
hyperproteinemia
hypoproteinemia.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. List
two
hypernatremia
hyponatremia.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. List
two
hyperkalemia
hypokalemia.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Define
explain why dehydration
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. List
ev
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Define
two
ev
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Clinical Chemistry
9. Define
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Describe
photometry.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 6.4: CLINICAL CHEMISTRY WORD SEARCH
Instructions: Find the words that are defined by the clues given below. The words may be located horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and may be reversed.
ACIDOSIS ACINAR
AZOTEMIA
Chapter
Clinical Chemistry
BILIRUBIN CORTISOL HEMATOCHEZIA HEMOLYSIS HYPERGLYCEMIA
ICTERUS IMPEDANCE JAUNDICE LIPASE
REFLECTOMETER SERUM SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 6.5: LABORATORY EXERCISE: PLASMA SAMPLE PREPARATION
Procedure: 1. Collect 2. Mix 3. Make
cov
prev
ev
centrifugation.
4. Centrifuge 5. With
remov
6. Transfer
patient’s
number.
7. Process immediately, EXERCISE 6.6: LABORATORY EXERCISE: SERUM SAMPLE PREPARATION
Procedure: 1. Collect 2. Allow 3. Gently
wall.
wooden
wall
4. Cover 5. With
remov
6. Transfer
patient’s
number.
7. Refrigerate EXERCISE 6.7: HEMATOLOGY ANALYZERS
Instructions: Complete the following data for all the analyzers in your laboratory.
Technology Test
selective
av How
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Clinical Chemistry
How integrated order,
_______________
analyzer.
Technology Test
av How
How integrated
Chapter
Clinical Chemistry
_______________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
order,
analyzer.
Technology Test
single tests only
av How
_______________ How integrated order,
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
_______________
analyzer.
Chapter
Clinical Chemistry
Technology Test
single tests only
av How
How integrated order,
Chapter
Clinical Chemistry
_______________
analyzer.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Date
Patient ID
Sample type (circle):
venous
Species
arterial
capillary
Analyzer used Albumin ALT
Amylase Bile acids: fasting Bile acids: 2-hour postprandial Bilirubin, total Bilirubin, direct
Protein, total serum
Analyzer used Chloride (mEq/L) Phosphorus (mg/dL) Potassium (mEq/L)
Analyzer used
TO
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Clinical Chemistry
Date
Patient ID
Sample type (circle):
venous
Species
arterial
capillary
Analyzer used Albumin ALT
Amylase Bile acids: fasting Bile acids: 2-hour postprandial Bilirubin, total Bilirubin, direct
Protein, total serum
Analyzer used Chloride (mEq/L) Phosphorus (mg/dL) Potassium (mEq/L)
Analyzer used
TO
Chapter
Clinical Chemistry
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Date
Patient ID
Sample type (circle):
venous
Species
arterial
capillary
Analyzer used Albumin ALT
Amylase Bile acids: fasting Bile acids: 2-hour postprandial Bilirubin, total Bilirubin, direct
Protein, total serum
Analyzer used Chloride (mEq/L) Phosphorus (mg/dL) Potassium (mEq/L)
Analyzer used
TO
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Clinical Chemistry
Date
Patient ID
Sample type (circle):
venous
Species
arterial
capillary
Analyzer used Albumin ALT
Amylase Bile acids: fasting Bile acids: 2-hour postprandial Bilirubin, total Bilirubin, direct
Protein, total serum
Analyzer Used Chloride (mEq/L) Phosphorus (mg/dL) Potassium (mEq/L)
Analyzer used
TO
Chapter
Clinical Chemistry
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Microbiology LEARNING OBJECTIVES
When you have completed this unit, you should be able to: 1. Describe 2. List 3. Perform 4. Describe 5. Inoculate 6. Perform
sensitivity
7. Perform dermatophyte 8. Perform EXERCISE 7.1: DEFINING KEY TERMS
Instructions: Define each term in your own words. 1. Selective ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Differential ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Enrichment ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Microbiology
4. Transport ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ EXERCISE 7.2: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1. Why
fixed
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. List
microbiology.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What
fungal
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Name two
dermatophyte
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Name
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. The
7. The 8. The 9. _______________ 10. Most
lev thriv
11. Bacterial 12. Fungal org
Chapter
Microbiology
largely
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
13. Partial
narrow
colony
14. The
gram-variable
15. _______________
org
Nocardia
16. Hairs darkened
Woods
17. Exposure to antibiotics provides
pressure, which makes th surviving bacteria more likely
18. Bacteria 19. The given
lowest
20. ___________
growth begins
show
EXERCISE 7.3: CROSSWORD PUZZLE: MICROBIOLOGY
Across 2 Unicellular fungi that reproduce by budding 3 A fungus that causes infections of the skin, hair, and nails 6 A disease that may be transmitted between
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Down 1 Describes microorganisms with complex nutritional requirements 4 An organism that can live and grow in the presence of oxygen 5 The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial agent that will inhibit the visible growth of a
Chapter
Microbiology
EXERCISE 7.4: LABORATORY EXERCISE: QUADRANT STREAK METHOD FOR ISOLATING BACTERIA
Procedure: 1. Use 2.
remov
colony
Divide
marker
3. Hold
against
surface
4. Lightly
ov
5. Pass
allow
agar
av
agar keep
6. Place
extend
7. Pass
allow
8. Place
extend
9. Pass
allow
10. Place
extend
EXERCISE 7.5: LABORATORY EXERCISE: INOCULATING AGAR SLANT AND BUTT
Procedure: 1. Use
remov
2. Stab
colony agar
3. Withdraw
way down agar
4. Streak EXERCISE 7.6: LABORATORY EXERCISE: GRAM STAIN PROCEDURE
Procedure: 1. Draw
wax
2. Place
swab,
3. Allow
dry.
4. Heat
two
5. Place
Chapter
Microbiology
ov
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
6. Pour
ov
7. Rinse
allow
water
8. Pour
allow
9. Rinse
water
10. Flood
washes off
11. Rinse
water
12. Add
allow
13. Rinse
water
14. Air
towels.
15. Record
below
GRAM STAIN RESULTS
Date
Patient
Sample Date
Patient
Sample Date
Patient
Sample EXERCISE 7.7: LABORATORY EXERCISE: POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE TEST
Procedure: 1. Place
two,
hydroxide (KOH)
2. Transfer
surface growth
3. Stir
KOH
a. After b. If
slowly
sticky organisms
4. The
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
KOH. gently.
gram-negative org
dev
positiv negative (sticky
positiv
sticky
Chapter
Microbiology
EXERCISE 7.8: LABORATORY EXERCISE: ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TESTING
Procedure: 1. For
sensitivity
a. Insert 2. For
swab
cystocentesis
sensitivity
a. Select
five
agar
b. Touch
colony
growth
i. The
equiv
c. Within several 3. Inoculate
swab remov excess
wall Mueller-Hinton degrees,
MacFarland
again.
swab
swab
swab
surface ev
4. Use
cov agar surface.
a. The 5. Unless
av
ov dispenser,
agar
swab
6. Incubate a. Plates b. Inoculated surface
agar agar
7. After a. Measure
inv
keep physical ruler,
b. If Mueller-Hinton agar remov 8. Compare
surface, relativ
9. Record
Chapter
Microbiology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Disk Content
Susceptible
Intermediate
Resistant
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (staphylococci) Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (other organisms) Ampicillin* (gram-negative enteric organisms) Ampicillin* (staphylococci)
Cefazolin Ceftiofur (respiratory pathogens only)
Clindamycin Enrofloxacin Erythromycin Florfenicol Kanamycin (staphylococci) Penicillin G (staphylococci) Penicillin G (enterococci) Penicillin G (streptococci) Penicillin/novobiocini Pirlimycin Rifampin Sulfonamides Tetracycline Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ticarcillin (gram-negative enteric organisms) Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole** *Ampicillin is used to test for susceptibility to amoxicillin and hetacillin. Cephalothin is used to test all first-generation cephalosporins, such as cephapirin and cefadroxil. Cefazolin should be tested separately with the gram-negative enteric organisms. Clindamycin is used to test for susceptibility to clindamycin and lincomycin. Oxacillin is used to test for susceptibility to methicillin, nafcillin, and cloxacillin. Available as an infusion product for treatment of bovine mastitis during lactation. Tetracycline is used to test for susceptibility to chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline. **Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is used to test for susceptibility to trimethoprim/sulfadiazine and ormetoprim/ sulfadimethoxine.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Microbiology
EXERCISE 7.9: LABORATORY EXERCISE: CATALASE TEST
Procedure: 1. Place
colony
a. Ensure
agar
agar
colony
2. Add
hydrogen
3. Record
positiv
4. Record
negative
Date
gas bubbles bubbles Patient
Sample Date
Patient
Sample Date
Patient
Sample EXERCISE 7.10: LABORATORY EXERCISE: DERMATOPHYTE TEST
Procedure: 1. Gently 2. Collect
remov
surface
periphery.
a. Pluck broken 3. Push
likely below
4. Incubate
org
surface cov
observe
growth.
5. At
Chapter
Microbiology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 7.11: WORD SEARCH: MICROBIOLOGY
Instructions: Find the words that are defined by the clues given below. The words may be located horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and may be reversed. I
C
L
C
C
R
L
O
L
E
R
S
B
C
O
R
R
C
U
L
T
U
R
E
T
T
E
A
R
P
C
I
L
I
H
P
O
R
E
A
O
R
C
I
M
F
A
N
L
T
I
O
N
M
L
N
O
I
N
E
I
L
P
C
L
E
T
S
E
L
P
P
L
G
H
E
W
A
N
U
L
M
R
S
O
N
S
L
W
R
S
U
I
G
O
B
O
D
O
C
D
O
I
O
O
A
A
I
G
E
P
A
A
P
Y
T
C
L
R
T
D
A
B
L
S
L
H
T
H
L
D
S
S
M
T
I
A
I
O
E
A
L
I
I
G
R
A
C
P
I
X
O
D
Y
U
C
M
A
L
O
C
C
S
A
I
O
N
S
B
I
R
O
N
E
I
N
S
X
E
A
E
S
A
L
A
T
A
C
L
H
C
C
A
O
O
S
H
O
O
T
E
T
U
C
T
U
P
I
L
S
O
N
A
P
G
E
L
L
D
I
O
Z
I
H
R
BACILLI
CULTURETTE
CATALASE
FLAGELLA
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
INCUBATION MICROAEROPHILIC OXIDASE
RINGWORM SABOURAUD THIOGLYCOLLATE
Chapter
Microbiology
DTM Test Report Date collected
Patient ID
Observation Day
Species Growth
DTM Test Report Date collected Observation Day
Chapter
Microbiology
Patient ID
Species Growth
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Microbiology Report Date collected
Patient ID
Species
Bacteria morphology
Colony Characteristics Size
Elevation Form Texture
Additional Testing: Acid-fast stain
Presumptive identification:
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Microbiology
Microbiology Report Date collected
Patient ID
Species
Bacteria morphology
Colony Characteristics Size
Elevation Form Texture
Additional Testing: Acid-fast stain
Presumptive identification:
Chapter
Microbiology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
When you have completed this unit, you should be able to: 1. State
cycle
2. List
roundworms, hookworms, lungworms,
3. Discuss
cycle
whipworms
affect
heartworm.
4. Identify ov 5. Describe
cycle
6. Describe
cycles
7. Describe
org
phylum
8. List
veterinary
9. Perform
large
EXERCISE 8.1: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: PARASITOLOGY REVIEW
Instructions: Fill in each of the spaces provided with the missing word or words that complete the sentence. 1. Organisms
phylum
_______________.
2. The developmental
cycle
_______________, _______________,
_______________ 3. A
cycle
_______________
4. The
6. The
_______________, _______________,
D. immitis.
_______________ segments known
10. A
12. The tapew
differentiated
dorsov tapew
11. The
_______________.
_______________.
D. immitis
7. The _______________
9. Tapeworms
infectiv
_______________, ______________,
5. Adult Dirofilaria immitis
8. The
dev
Taenia pisiformis _______________
13. Nanophyetus salmincola Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
D. immitis.
_______________.
_______________ _______________
_______________.
hydatid cyst tapew _______________ Chapter
Parasitology
14. The 15. The
phyla
_______________.
_______________
16. _______________ 17. Infection
dorsov
_______________
18. Cats
infertility,
_______________
19. _______________
pyometra. oocysts
pear-shaped
20. The _______________ vectors.
obligate
gram-negative
21. _______________ 22. The
chewing
23. Infestation
larval
tapew _______________,
_______________.
_______________.
24. Immunodeficiency 25. _______________
Dipylidium caninum.
_______________ liv
external
EXERCISE 8.2: DEFINING KEY TERMS
Instructions: Define each term in your own words. 1. Definitive ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Prepatent ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Paratenic ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Pediculosis ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Acariasis ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter
Parasitology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
6. Describe
recov
ov
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. List
larval
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. List
dev
cyst.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ EXERCISE 8.3: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: COMMON PARASITES
Instructions: Complete the following chart. Scientific Name
Common Name
Acanthocheilonema reconditum Ancylostoma caninum Pearsonema plica Dioctophyma renale Dirofilaria immitis Spirocerca lupi Thelazia californiensis Toxocara canis Trichuris vulpis Uncinaria stenocephala
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus Ancylostoma braziliense Ancylostoma tubaeforme Physaloptera Spirocerca lupi Thelazia californiensis Toxascaris leonina Toxocara cati Trichuris serrata Echinococcus multilocularis
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Parasitology
Scientific Name
Common Name
Dictyocaulus filaria Dictyocaulus viviparus Gongylonema pulchrum Haemonchus Marshallagia Muellerius capillaris Protostrongylus Setaria cervi Strongyloides papillosus Thelazia gulosa Thelazia rhodesii Trichuris ovis Taenia saginata Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Onchocerca cervicalis Oxyuris equi Parascaris equorum Setaria equina Strongyloides westeri Thelazia lacrymalis Ascaris suum Ascarops strongylina Hyostrongylus rubidus Metastrongylus elongatus Oesophagostomum dentatum Physocephalus sexalatus Stephanurus dentatus Trichinella spiralis Trichuris suis
Chapter
Parasitology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 8.4: WORD SEARCH: PARASITOLOGY
Instructions: Find the words that are defined by the clues given below. The words may be located horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and may be reversed. T
O
K
C
A
A
H
A
C
I
X
O
A
T
E
S
A
O
O
S
E
T
I
O
Z
Y
H
C
A
T
C
M
E
A
A
O
N
C
O
S
T
C
Z
C
M
E
L
A
D
S
D
A
D
T
U
O
E
T
E
T
A
T
A
A
O
A
T
A
O
E
E
T
M
G
C
S
S
R
E
K
T
A
M
O
P
Z
D
L
I
Z
A
Y
T
I
T
T
A
I
I
I
A
P
O
O
C
C
C
O
I
O
L
O
M
S
C
Y
R
O
T
T
R
O
L
T
G
O
D
A
E
T
I
S
A
R
A
P
O
T
C
E
O
L
H
E
R
T
M
E
S
O
M
L
F
R
X
O
T
I
X
E
T
E
C
X
I
O
E
O
I
A
P
E
E
T
A
L
O
K
T
Z
T
I
N
O
L
O
S
O
L
D
S
I
A
C
T
H
E
X
A
C
A
N
T
H
M
O
G
H
D
I
T
T
O
L
G
O
R
P
P
A
I
E
C
H
O
R
C
A
S
C
A
R
I
D
S
S
G
S
H
S
N
A
T
O
O
Z
E
W
A
R
B
L
E
S
E
I
AMASTIGOTE CESTODE ECTOPARASITE ENDOPARASITE
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
HEMOPROTOZOA HEXACANTH MICROFILARIA NEMATODE PROGLOTTID
TACHYZOITES TREMATODE WARBLES
Chapter
Parasitology
EXERCISE 8.5: CROSSWORD PUZZLE: PARASITOLOGY
2 Life cycle stage of trematodes that develops in the intermediate host 3 Organism commonly referred to as a fluke 6 Common name for the larva of some species of flies; often in fistulated subcutaneous sites 8 A parasite that resides within a host’s tissues 9 A parasite that resides on the surface of its host 10 Infestation with larvae (maggots) of dipterans 11 The “head” of a cestode by which it attaches to
Chapter
Parasitology
Down 1 Condition in which female organisms produce eggs that develop without fertilization 4 Outer layer or covering of epithelium 5 Segments that comprise the body of a cestode 7 Any of the nematodes of the Ascaridoidea family
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 8.6: PHOTO QUIZ: PARASITOLOGY
Match the image on the left with the description on the right
a. Otodectes cyanotis
2.
b. Pearsonema plica
3.
c. Ancylostoma caninum
4.
d. Oxyuris equi
5.
e. Dioctophyma renale
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Parasitology
6.
f. Taeniid ov
7.
g. Toxocara
8.
h. Ehrlichia canis
9.
i. Giardia
10.
j. Trichuris vulpis
11.
k. Adult Demodex canis
Chapter
Parasitology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 8.7: LABORATORY EXERCISE: DIRECT SMEAR OF FECES
Procedure: 1. Dip 2. Place 3. Mix
mistake
4. Place
cov
newsprint
make
ov
5. Examine
eggs, cysts,
larvae.
To 1. To make
water
2. Store
aw
3. Dilute
five
water
make
EXERCISE 8.8: LABORATORY EXERCISE: SIMPLE FECAL FLOTATION
Procedure: 1. Place 2. Add 3. Using
depressor,
ev
4. If
strainer,
5. Fill
convex
cov
ov
6. Place cov 7. Allow 8. Pick
cov cov
9. Systematically examine
down. surface
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
cov
Chapter
Parasitology
EXERCISE 8.9: LABORATORY EXERCISE: CENTRIFUGAL FLOTATION
Procedure: 1. Prepare 2. Strain facilitates
ov
3. Fill
positiv
4. Place cov 5. Create 6. Place
water buck
have
You
water
buck
make
7. Centrifuge 8. Remove
cov
9. Systematically examine EXERCISE 8.10: LABORATORY EXERCISE: FECAL SEDIMENTATION
Procedure: 1. Mix 2. Strain
water over
facilitates
3. Wash
water
4. Allow 5. Decant
off,
6. Repeat
water
two
7. Decant 8. Using 9. Place cov
ov
10. Repeat
examine examined.
EXERCISE 8.11: LABORATORY EXERCISE: CELLOPHANE TAPE PREPARATION
Procedure: 1. Place adhesiv 2. Press 3. Place 4. Examine
Chapter
Parasitology
adhesiv
facing
against water
allowing
water
pinworm eggs.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 8.12: LABORATORY EXERCISE: BAERMANN TECHNIQUE
Procedure: 1. Construct narrow
fastening sev
KimWipes ov
KimWipes,
level above 2. An alternativ hollow
sev warm water
warm water
water
KimWipes lev abov
3. Allow 4. Collect 5. Examine 6. Examine
larvae
larvae
larvae. Remov
larvae, extended
ov
burner sev
EXERCISE 8.13: LABORATORY EXERCISE: BUFFY COAT SMEAR
Procedure: 1. Fill 2. Centrifuge
below
buf
buf
3. Snap 4. Take 5. Apply 6. Allow
buf ov
KimWipe
buf dry,
7. After
buf
aw
excess.
two Romanowsk cov
8. Examine EXERCISE 8.14: LABORATORY EXERCISE: MODIFIED KNOTT’S TECHNIQUE
Procedure: 1. Mix 2. Centrifuge 3. Pour off
methylene
4. Using 5. Apply cov
examine
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Parasitology
Parasitology Report Form Patient name: Species:
Date: Breed:
Collection date/time:
Age:
Gender:
Collection method:
Test(s) Performed
Parasitology Report Form Patient name: Species: Collection date/time:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Collection method:
Test(s) Performed
Chapter
Parasitology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
When you have completed this unit, you should be able to: 1. Describe
cytology
2. List
cytology
3. Prepare cytology
ev
examination.
4. Identify
cytology
EXERCISE 9.1: DEFINING KEY TERMS
Instructions: Define each term in your own words. 1. Centesis
2. Pleomorphism
3. Exudate
4. Anisokaryosis
5. Wave
EXERCISE 9.2: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK AND SHORT ANSWER: CYTOLOGY REVIEW
Instructions: Answer the following questions and fill in each of the spaces provided with the missing word or words that complete the sentence. 1. Unless
swabs
2. Making
different
external
3. To specimen’s volume. 4. The 5. Samples
low
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
volume Chapter
Cytology
6. Prepared cytology
fixativ
7. In 8. Suppurative 9. _______________
swollen
intensity.
10. _______________
slow
11. Hyperplasia
malignancy
12. Cells 13. Epithelial 14. Mesenchymal 15. When
cytology
16. A
large likely
17. Yeasts,
org
pathology.
swabs
18. In 19. Epithelial
20. Reactive
hav
vesicles
22. _______________ 23. A
25. List
Cytology
immunoglobulin
cavities. fat
24. Normal
Chapter
lymphocytes
lymphocytes.
21. Plasma
pyknotic
large
lymphocytes
hav malignancy
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26. Differentiate
ov
27. List
exfoliative
mesenchymal
vaginal cytology
28. List evaluations
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Chapter
Cytology
EXERCISE 9.3: WORD SEARCH: CYTOLOGY
Instructions: Find the words that are defined by the clues given below. The words may be located horizontally, vertically, or diagonally and may be reversed. I
T
M
M
K
E
S
P
C
M
I
T
M
N
T
D
E
V
E
Y
I
I
D
R
L
A
U
A
M
T
T
R
A
N
S
U
D
A
R
Y
S
U
I
N
T
U
Y
R
A
C
S
S
I
S
O
N
K
Y
P
O
O
S
A
C
H
O
C
O
O
C
H
M
E
K
I
O
P
R
R
A
A
D
A
I
A
E
E
R
R
I
M
A
E
L
V
E
X
H
T
N
O
A
G
A
I
S
N
E
C
O
N
I
M
O
D
G
I
X
I
T
I
S
E
F
O
O
N
L
R
S
C
A
S
E
H
I
E
A
E
S
R
L
T
D
G
R
R
E
N
T
A
P
U
E
A
U
C
R
A
T
O
O
X
U
P
S
E
X
N
M
E
E
V
I
T
A
X
I
F
E
M
R
X
U
R
S
R
P
A
N
Y
S
M
E
A
P
HISTIOCYTOMA KARYORRHEXIS EXUDATE FIXATIVE
Chapter
Cytology
PARACENTESIS
SUPPURATIVE TRANSUDATE
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 9.4: CROSSWORD PUZZLE: CYTOLOGY
Down 2 Fragmentation of a cell nucleus 4 Describes tumors of epithelial cell origin 7 A tumor arising from melanocytes 9 Used to describe a tumor or growth 10 Paracentesis of the abdomen
1 Removal of fluid from the thoracic cavity 3 Generic term to describe any growth; often used to describe a tumor, which may be malignant or benign 5 Any cancer arising from cells of the connective tissues 6 An effusion characterized by low protein concentration and low total nucleated 8 Act of puncturing a body cavity or organ with a hollow needle to draw out fluid
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Cytology
EXERCISE 9.5: PHOTO QUIZ: CYTOLOGY
1.
2.
b.
3.
4.
Transmissible venereal
5.
Chapter
Cytology
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6.
Suppurative
7.
8.
Plasma cells in hyperplastic lymph node
9.
10.
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Chapter
Cytology
EXERCISE 9.6: FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: EFFUSIONS
Instructions: Complete the following chart. Modified Transudate
1. Large
Variable
Variable
Clear,
2.
Variable;
3. 4. Mixture of monocytes, macrophages, 5. lymphocytes, mesothelial cells
6.
EXERCISE 9.7: LABORATORY EXERCISE: FINE-NEEDLE BIOPSY ASPIRATION PROCEDURE
Procedure: 1. Stabilize 2. Insert 3. Retract
negative
4. Redirect a. Do
sev exit
b. Maintain negative 5. Remove 6. Remove 7. Fill
air.
8. Reattach 9. Gently 10. Air dry,
Chapter
Cytology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 9.8: LABORATORY EXERCISE: FINE-NEEDLE BIOPSY NONASPIRATION PROCEDURE
Procedure: remov 1. Stabilize 2. Insert 3. Redirect a. Do
sev exit
b. Maintain negative 4. Remove a. Remove 5. Fill
air.
6. Reattach 7. Gently 8. Air dry, EXERCISE 9.9: LABORATORY EXERCISE: COMPRESSION SMEAR
Procedure: biopsy. 1. Transfer
tow
2. Add a. Place b. Allow 3. Using
facing down few ev
4. Air dry,
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Chapter
Cytology
EXERCISE 9.10: LABORATORY EXERCISE: MODIFIED COMPRESSION SMEAR
Procedure: biopsy. 1. Transfer
tow
2. Add a. Place
facing down
b. Allow
few
3. Using
two
4. Lift 5. Air dry, EXERCISE 9.11: LABORATORY EXERCISE: LINE SMEAR
Procedure: biopsy. 1. Transfer 2. Use 3. Allow 4. Use 5. STOP
makes
6. Pick 7. Air dry, EXERCISE 9.12: LABORATORY EXERCISE: WEDGE FILM
Procedure: biopsy. 1. Transfer 2. Use 3. Allow 4. Use a. To make
longer, lower
b. To make
shorter,
5. Air dry,
Chapter
Cytology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
EXERCISE 9.13: LABORATORY EXERCISE: STARFISH SMEAR
Procedure: biopsy. 1. Transfer 2. Use
outward
center.
3. Vary 4. Air dry, EXERCISE 9.14: LABORATORY EXERCISE: SCRAPING
Procedure: 1. Use
expose
2. Thoroughly 3. Hold
90-degree
4. Spread a. If
make
5. Air dry, EXERCISE 9.15: LABORATORY EXERCISE: PUNCH BIOPSY
Procedure: 1. Gently a. Back-and-forth
likelihood
2. Grasp margin depressor.
wooden
3. Allow
depressor.
4. Place
jar,
down.
EXERCISE 9.16: LABORATORY EXERCISE: TOUCH IMPRINT
Procedure: 1. Expose 2. Thoroughly a. Blot 3. Touch
“juiciness.” rows
a. Repeat 4. Air dry, Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Cytology
EXERCISE 9.17: LABORATORY EXERCISE: TZANCK PREP
Procedure: 1. Number 2. Touch
follows:
a. Slide
Touch
You b. Slide c. Slide
removing any
d. Slide
exposed
scab.
3. Air dry, EXERCISE 9.18: LABORATORY EXERCISE: SWAB
Procedure: 1. Premoisten swab a. A
swab,
b. A
swab
2. Place 3. Roll
swab,
swab swab
4. Make two
stroke
cavity down
rows.
5. Air dry,
Chapter
Cytology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cytology Report Patient name: Species: Sample type: Preparation method:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Collection method: Stain:
Volume: Color:
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Chapter
Cytology
Cytology Report Patient name: Species: Sample type: Preparation method:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Collection method: Stain:
Volume: Color:
Chapter
Cytology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cytology Report Patient name: Species: Sample type: Preparation method:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Collection method: Stain:
Volume: Color:
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter
Cytology
Cytology Report Patient name: Species: Sample type: Preparation method:
Date: Breed:
Age:
Gender:
Collection method: Stain:
Volume: Color:
Chapter
Cytology
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.