Jeremiah 1-25, Volume 26 (26) (Word Biblical Commentary) 9780310522294, 0310522293

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Word Biblical Commentary

Editorial Board Old Testament Editor: Nancy L. deClaissé-Walford (2011 – ) New Testament Editor: Peter H. Davids (2013 – )

Past Editors General Editors

Ralph P. Martin (2012 – 2013) Bruce M. Metzger (1997 – 2007)

David A. Hubbard (1977 – 1996) Glenn W. Barker (1977 – 1984)

Old Testament Editors: John D. W. Watts (1977 – 2011)

James W. Watts (1997 – 2011)

New Testament Editors: Ralph P. Martin (1977 – 2012)

Lynn Allan Losie (1997 – 2013)

Volumes 1 Genesis 1 – 15 . . . . . . . . . Gordon J. Wenham 2 Genesis 16 – 50 . . . . . . . . Gordon J. Wenham 3 Exodus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John I. Durham 4 Leviticus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John E. Hartley 5 Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Philip J. Budd 6a Deuteronomy 1:1 – 21:9, 2nd ed.. . Duane L. Christensen 6b Deuteronomy 21:10 – 34:12 . . . . . . Duane L. Christensen 7a Joshua 1-12, 2nd ed.. . . . . . . .Trent C. Butler 7b Joshua 13-24, 2nd ed.. . . . . . .Trent C. Butler 8 Judges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Trent C. Butler 9 Ruth – Esther. . . . . . . . . . . . Frederic W. Bush 10 1 Sam­uel, 2nd ed.. . . . . . . . . .Ralph W. Klein 11 2  Sam­uel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. A. Anderson 12 1 Kings, 2nd ed. . . . . . . . . . Simon J. Devries 13 2 Kings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. R. Hobbs 14 1  Chron­icles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roddy Braun 15 2  Chron­icles . . . . . . . . . .Raymond B. Dillard 16 Ezra, Nehemiah . . . . . . H. G. M. Williamson 17 Job 1 – 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . David J. A. Clines 18a Job 21 – 37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . David J. A. Clines 18b Job 38 – 42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . David J. A. Clines 19 Psalms 1 – 50, 2nd ed.. . . . . Peter C. Craigie, Marvin E. Tate 20 Psalms 51 – 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . Marvin E. Tate 21 Psalms 101 – 150, rev. ed. . . . . Leslie C. Allen 22 Proverbs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roland E. Murphy 23a Ecclesiastes . . . . . . . . . . . . Roland E. Murphy 23b Song of Songs/Lamentations . . . . Duane H.  Garrett, Paul R. House 24 Isaiah 1 – 33, rev. ed.. . . . . . John D. W. Watts 25 Isaiah 34 – 66, rev. ed.. . . . . John D. W. Watts 26 Jeremiah 1 – 25 . . . . . . . . . . Peter C. Craigie, Page H. Kelley, Joel F. Drinkard Jr. 27 Jeremiah 26 – 52 . . . . . . . . .Gerald L. Keown, Pamela J. Scalise, Thomas G. Smothers *forthcoming as of 2014 **in revision as of 2014

28 Ezekiel 1 – 19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leslie C. Allen 29 Ezekiel 20 – 48. . . . . . . . . . . . . Leslie C. Allen 30 Daniel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John E. Goldingay 31 Hosea – Jonah** . . . . . . . . . . . Douglas Stuart 32 Micah – Malachi**. . . . . . . . . .Ralph L. Smith 33a Matthew 1 – 13. . . . . . . . . . Donald A. Hagner 33b Matthew 14 – 28. . . . . . . . . Donald A. Hagner 34a Mark 1 – 8:26**. . . . . . . . . Robert A. Guelich 34b Mark 8:27 – 16:20 . . . . . . . . . . Craig A. Evans 35a Luke 1 – 9:20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John Nolland 35b Luke 9:21 – 18:34. . . . . . . . . . . . John Nolland 35c Luke 18:35 – 24:53. . . . . . . . . . . John Nolland 36 John, 2nd ed. . . . .George R. Beasley-Murray 37a Acts 1 – 14* . . . . . . . . . . . . Stephen J. Walton 37b Acts 15 – 28* . . . . . . . . . . . Stephen J. Walton 38a Romans 1 – 8. . . . . . . . . . . James D. G. Dunn 38b Romans 9 – 16. . . . . . . . . . James D. G. Dunn 39 1  Co­rin­thi­ans* . . . . . . . . . Andrew D. Clarke 40 2  Co­rin­thi­ans, rev. ed. . . . . . Ralph P. Martin 41 Galatians. . . . . . . . Richard N. Longenecker 42 Ephesians . . . . . . . . . . . . .Andrew T. Lincoln 43 Philippians, rev. ed.. . . Gerald F. Hawthorne, rev. by Ralph P. Martin 44 Colossians, Philemon**. . . Peter T. O’Brien 45 1 & 2 Thes­salo­nians**. . . . . . . . . .F. F. Bruce 46 Pastoral Epistles . . . . . . . William D. Mounce 47a Hebrews 1 – 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . William L. Lane 47b Hebrews 9 – 13. . . . . . . . . . . . William L. Lane 48 James. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ralph P. Martin 49 1 Peter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Ramsey Michaels 50 Jude, 2 Peter**. . . . . . .Richard J. Bauckham 51 1, 2, 3, John, rev. ed.. . . . Stephen S. Smalley 52a Revelation 1 – 5. . . . . . . . . . . . David E. Aune 52b Revelation 6 – 16. . . . . . . . . . . David E. Aune 52c Revelation 17 – 22. . . . . . . . . . David E. Aune

26

Word Biblical Commentary Jeremiah 1-25

Peter G. Craigie Page H. Kelley Joel F. Drinkard, Jr. General Editors: Bruce M. Metzger, David A. Hubbard, Glenn W. Barker Old Testament Editors: John D. W. Watts, James W. Watts New Testament Editors: Ralph P. Martin, Lynn Allan Losie

ZONDERVAN Jeremiah 1-25, Volume 26 Copyright © 1991 by Word, Incorporated. Previously published as Jeremiah 1-25. Formerly published by Thomas Nelson, now published by Zondervan, a division of HarperCollinsChristian Publishing. Requests for information should be addressed to: Zondervan, 3900 Sparks Dr. SE, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49546 This edition: ISBN 978-0-310-52229-4 The Library of Congress has cataloged the original edition as follows: Library of Congress Control Number: 2005295211 Scripture quotations marked RSV are taken from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1946, 1952, 1971 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of Churches of Christ in the USA. Used by permission. The authors’ own translation of the Scripture text appears in italic type under the heading Translation. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher.

In memoriam Peter C. Craigie (1938-1988)

Contents Foreword Editorial Preface Abllreviations GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

x xi XII

XXlll

Commentaries on Jeremiah Monographs and Other Books Articles INTRODUCTION

Form and Structure of the Book ofJeremiah The ProphetJeremiah The Hebrew and Greek Texts ofJeremiah Historical Background for the Book ofJeremiah

xxx XXXI

xxxvii xli xlv

TEXT AND COMMENTARY

I. Preface to the Book ofJeremiah (1:1-3) II. Call and Commission (1:4-10) III. An Account of Two Visions (1:11-19) IV. Jeremiah's Early Oracles (2:1-6:30) A. Oracles concerning Judah's Evil (2:1-37) The Lost Love of Youth (2:1-3) A Lawsuit against People and Prophets (2:4-13) Defection and Slavery (2:14-19) The Indictment for Evil (2:20-28) Israel's Rebelliousness (2:29-32) The Way of Evil (2:33-37) B. The Prophetic Plea for Repentance (3:1-4:4) Repentance: Introduction and Elaboration (3:1-5) The Failure ofIsrael and Judah (3:6-11) An Invitation to Repentance Addressed to Israel (3:12-13) An Invitation to Repentance Addressed to Judah (3:14-18) Repentance and Forgiveness (3:19-4:2) Repetition of the Call to Repentance (4:3-4) C. The Declaration of Divine Judgment (4:5-6:30) The Declaration of Disaster (4:5-10) The Winds of War (4:11-18) The Prophetic Anguish (4: 19-22) A Vision of Chaos (4:23-28) A Lament for Zion (4:29-31) A Dialogue concerning Judgment (5:1-9) The Theme of Judgment Renewed (5:10-19)

1 6 13 19 20 22 25 30 34 39 42 46 48 53 56 58 62

66 69 70 74 78 80 83 85 89

C ontents

V. VI.

VIL

VIII.

IX.

X.

XI. XII.

Poems on Evil and Judgm ent (5:20-31) A Call of Warning (6:1-8) Dialogue: Comprehensive Judgm ent (6:9-15) Warning, Refusal, and Judgm ent (6:16-21) An Oracle and Concluding Dialogue (6:22-30) The Temple Sermon (7:l-8:3) Miscellaneous Sayings concerning National Evil and Its Consequences (8:4-10:25) A. U nrepentant People and Unwise Wise Men (8:4-12) B. Judgm ent and Despair (8:13-23 [8:13-9:1]) C. The Sorrow of God (9:1-10 [9:2-11] D. The Rationale of Judgm ent (9:11-15 [9:12-16]) E. A Call to Lament (9:16-21 [9:17-22]) F. Judgm ent upon All (9:22-25 [9:23-26]) G. Idols and the True God (10:1-16) H. Vicarious Suffering (10:17-25) Why Judgment? (11:1-13:27) A. Jerem iah and the Covenant (11:1-17) Excursus:Jeremiah's Confessions B. The First Confession: Jerem iah and the Men of Anathoth (11:18-12:6) C. The Sorrow of God (12:7-17) D. Symbolism and Sin (13:1-27) Judgm ent and Ostracism (14:1-16:21) A. Drought and Destruction (14:1-15:9) B. A Second Confession: Jerem iah’s Ostracism (15:10-21) C. Jerem iah’s Life and Related Sayings (16:1-21) Sin and Its Consequences (17:1-13) A. Ju d ah ’s Sin and Its Consequences (17:1-4) B. The Two Ways (17:5-8) C. The Deceitful Heart (17:9-10) D. The Partridge and the One Gaining Wealth Unjustly (17:11) E. Judgm ent on Those Forsaking God (17:12-13) Oracles (17:14-20:20) A. A Third Confession of Jeremiah: Heal Me, Destroy Them (17:14-18) B. Sabbath Observance (17:19-27) C. The Potter’s Shop (18:1-12) D. A Horrifying Thing (18:13-17) E. Jerem iah’s Fourth Confession (18:18-23) F. The Broken Decanter (19:1-13) G. Another Temple Sermon and Its Results (19:14-20:6) H. A Final Confession (20:7-13) I. Cursed Was the Day (20:14-18) Oracles against Zedekiah and Jerusalem (21:1-10) Oracles against the Kings of Judah (21:11-23:8) A. Oracle against a King and Jerusalem (21:11-14)

93 97 101

104 107 113 129 130 135 140 145 148 151 154 161 165 166 172 174 181 186 194 195 205 213 220

221 224 227 228 229 233 233 237 240 246 250 254 263 268 276 282 290 290

Contents

B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K.

Oracle against an Unnamed King (22:1-5) Another Oracle against an Unnamed King (22:6-7) Why Was This City Destroyed? (22:8-9) Weeping for the Dead or the Living? (22:10) An Oracle against Shallum (22:11-12) An Oracle against Jehoiakim (22:13-19) Oracle against Jerusalem (22:20-23) Oracle against Coniah (22:24-27) Another Oracle against Coniah (22:28-30) Judgm ent on Present and Future Shepherds and a Blessing (23:1-4) L. A Future King (23:5-6) M. The Return (23:7-8) XIII. Oracles concerning Prophets and Prophecy (23:9-24:10) A. An Oracle concerning the Prophets (23:9-12) B. Samaria’s Prophets and Jerusalem ’s Prophets (23:13-15) C. Further Words against False Prophets (23:16-22) D. The Preeminence of God (23:23-24) E. Dreamers of Dreams and Yahweh’s Word (23:25-32) F. The “Burden” of the Lord (23:33-40) XIV. A Vision and Judgm ent Oracles (24:1-25:38) A. Two Baskets of Figs (24:1-10) B. Judgm ent on Judah (25:1-11) C. Judgm ent on Babylon (25:12-14) D. Judgm ent on the Nations (25:15-29) E. Oracles against the Nations (25:30-38) Indexes

ix

294 299 302 304 305 307 313 317 320 324 328 331 334 334 338 341 345 347 351 356 356 361 367 368 372 377

Foreword The untimely death of Peter Craigie cut short his work on this commentary. At the time of his death in 1988, he had completed the first seven chapters of Jerem iah and proceeded as far as verse 4 of chapter 8. In consultation with his wife, Elizabeth, the editors decided to assign the balance of Jerem iah 1-25, and the second volume—Jerem iah 26-52—to writers among the faculty of The Southern Baptist Seminary, where Old Testament Editor John Watts serves. Dr. Craigie’s work in this volume, including the Introduction, is presented essentially as it left his pen. The commentary on Jerem iah 8:4 through chapter 16 is the work of Page Kelley, and the commentary on chapters 17 through 25 has been prepared by Joel Drinkard. Gerald Keown has updated and expanded Dr. Craigie’s bibliography, Gerald Morris has gathered the list of ancient commentaries, and Thomas Smothers has written The Historical Background for the Book of Jerem iah. The division of labor will undoubtedly result in different emphases in parts of the book, but it has allowed for the specialization of interest by the writers that bears fruit in these pages. The authors and editors will be grateful if this volume may serve in its own way to perpetuate the memory of and display appreciation for Peter Craigie. He wed learning to piety, clothed brilliance in humility, joined service in the academy with fruitfulness in the church. More than most of his peers, he mastered the high art of doing many things well: scholarship in matters Hebraic and Semitic, collegiality with teachers older and younger, vitality in the learned societies to which he was pledged, effectiveness in his ministry and as dean and provost of the University of Calgary, affection and care for his wife and family, congeniality with a host of friends, and adoration of his Maker and Redeemer. Peter Craigie’s contributions to this and other series of commentaries, his monographs and technical studies, and his popular expositions all combine to rem ind us of the huge debt owed him by students of the Bible. The prodigious output in a relatively brief time makes us both grateful for his discipline and eager to learn with him the psalmist’s prayer: So teach us to num ber our days that we may get a heart of wisdom. Psalm 90:12 J o h n D. W. W atts D avid A. H ubbard

Editorial Preface The launching of the Word Biblical Commentary brings to fulfillment an enterprise of several years’ planning. The publishers and the members of the editorial board met in 1977 to explore the possibility of a new commentary on the books of the Bible that would incorporate several distinctive features. Prospective readers of these volumes are entitled to know what such features were intended to be; whether the aims of the commentary have been fully achieved time alone will tell. First, we have tried to cast a wide net to include as contributors a num ber of scholars from around the world who not only share our aims, but are in the main engaged in the ministry of teaching in university, college, and seminary. They represent a rich diversity of denominational allegiance. The broad stance of our contributors can rightly be called evangelical, and this term is to be understood in its positive, historic sense of a commitment to Scripture as divine revelation, and to the truth and power of the Christian gospel. Then, the commentaries in our series are all commissioned and written for the purpose of inclusion in the Word Biblical Commentary. Unlike several of our distinguished counterparts in the field of commentary writing, there are no translated works, originally written in a non-English language. Also, our commentators were asked to prepare their own rendering of the original biblical text and to use those languages as the basis of their own comments and exegesis. What may be claimed as distinctive with this series is that it is based on the biblical languages, yet it seeks to make the technical and scholarly approach to a theological understanding of Scripture understandable by—and useful to—the fledgling student, the working minister, and colleagues in the guild of professional scholars and teachers as well. Finally, a word must be said about the form at of the series. The layout, in clearly defined sections, has been consciously devised to assist readers at different levels. Those wishing to learn about the textual witnesses on which the translation is offered are invited to consult the section headed Notes. If the readers’ concern is with the state of m odern scholarship on any given portion of Scripture, they should turn to the sections of Bibliography and Form/Structure/Setting. For a clear exposition of the passage’s meaning and its relevance to the ongoing biblical revelation, the Comment and concluding Explanation are designed expressly to m eet that need. There is therefore something for everyone who may pick up and use these volumes. If these aims come anywhere near realization, the intention of the editors will have been met, and the labor of our team of contributors rewarded. General Editors:

David A. Hubbard Glenn W. Barker† Old Testament: JohnD. W. Watts New Testament: Ralph P. Martin

Abbreviations

P erio d ica ls , Serials , and R eference W orks AAS

Acta apostolicae sedis

AASF AASOR AB

Annales Academic Scientarum Fennicae Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research Anchor Bible

A brN AcOr

Abr-Nahrain Acta orientalia

ADAJ

Annual of the Departm ent of Antiquities of Jordan

A fO

Archiv f ü r Orientforschung

AGJU AHW AJA AJAS AJBA AJSL A JT

ALBO ALUOS AnBib ANEP A N E STP ANET

AnOr

Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentum s und des Urchristentums W. von Soden, Akkadisches Handwórterbuch American Journal o f Archaeology American Journal o f Arabic Studies Australian Journal o f Biblical Archaeology American Journal o f Semitic Languages and Literature American Journal o f Theology

Analecta lovaniensia bíblica et orientalia Annual of Leeds University Oriental Society Analecta bíblica J. B. Pritchard (ed.), Ancient Near East in Pictures J. B. Pritchard (ed.), Ancient Near East Supplementary Texts and Pictures J. B. Pritchard (ed.), A n d e n t Near Eastern Texts Analecta orientalia

ANQ

Andover Newton (Quarterly

AOAT AOS

Alter O rient und Altes Testament American Oriental Series R. H. Charles (ed.), Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha o f the Old Testament

APOT ARG

Archiv f u r Reformationsgeschichte

ARM

Archives royales de Mari

ArO r AKW A SSR ASTI

Archiv orientální Archiv f a r Religionswissenschaft Archives des sdences sodales des religions A n n u a l o f the Swedish Theological Institute

ATAbh ATANT

Alttestamentliche Abhandlungen Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments

ATR A usB R AU SS

Anglican Theological Review Australian Biblical Review Andrews University Seminary Studies

Abbreviations BA BAN E BAR BASO R

Biblical Archaeologist

BAT

Die Botschaft des Alten Testaments

x iii

G. E. Wright (ed.), The Bible and the Ancient Near East Biblical Archaeologist Reader Bulletin o f the American Schools o f Oriental Research

BCSR

Bulletin o f the Council on the Study o f Religion

BDB

F. Brown, S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon

BeO

o f the Old Testament Bibbia e oriente

BETL BEvT BFCT BGBE BHH BHK BHS

Bibliotheca ephem eridum theologicarum lovaniensium Beitráge zur evangelischen Theologie Beitráge zur Fórderung christlicher Theologie Beitráge zur Geschichte der biblischen Exegese B. Reicke and L. Rost (eds.), Biblisch-historisches Handworterbuch R. Kittel, Biblia hebraica. Biblia hebraica stuttgartensia

BHT

Beitráge zur historischen Theologie

Bib

Bíblica

BibB

Biblische Beitráge

Biblll BibLeb

Biblical Illustrator Bibel u n d Leben

BibOr BibS(F) BibS(N)

Bíblica et orientaba Biblische Studien (Freiburg, 1895-) Biblische Studien (Neukirchen, 1951-)

BIES BIFAO B fR L BK

Bulletin o f the Israel Exploration Society Bulletin de Vinstitutfrangais d ’archéologie orientate Bulletin Bulletin o f the fo h n Rylands University Library o f Manchester Bibel u n d Kirche

BKAT

Biblischer Kommentar: Altes Testament

B L it BM ik BN BO BR BSac BSO(A)S BSS

Bibel u n d Liturgie Beth M ikra Biblische Notizen Bibliotheca orientalis Biblical Research Bibliotheca Sacra Bulletin o f the School o f Oriental (and African) Studies Bibliotheca Sanctorum

BSt

Biblische Studien

BT B TB BTS BVC

The Bible Translator Biblical Theology Bulletin Bible et terre sainte Bible et vie chrétienne

BWANT

Beitráge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament

BZ

Biblische Zeitschrift Beihefte zur ZA W The Assyrian Dictionary o f the Oriental Institute o f the University o f Chicago Cambridge Ancient History

BZAW CAD C AH

x iv

A bbreviations

CAT

Commentaire de l’Ancien Testament

CB CBQ

Cultura bíblica Catholic Biblical (Quarterly

CBQMS CCath

Catholic Biblical Quarterly—Monograph Series Corpus Catholicorum

CJT CleM CML

Canadian Journal o f Theology Clergy Monthly G. R. Driver, Canaanite Myths and Legends (Edinburg, 1956); rev. ed.

ConB COT

J. C. L. Gibson (Edinburgh, 1978) Coniectanea bíblica Commentaar op het OT

CQ CQR CRAIBL

Church (Quarterly Church (Quarterly Review Comptes rendus de lAcadémie des inscriptions et belles-lettres

CSCO

Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientaliuni A. Herdner, Corpus des tablettes en cuneiforms alphabétiques

CTA C TM C urTM D ACL D BSup DD DISO D iv

DJD

Concordia Theological Monthly Currents in Theology and Mission Dictionnaire d ,archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie Dictionnaire de la Bible, Supplement Dor le Dor C.-F. Jean and J. Hoftijzer, Dictionnaire des inscriptions sémitiques de Vouest D ivinitas

Discoveries in the Judaean Desert D. W. Thomas (ed.), Documents from Old Testament Times

D OTT D TT

Dansk teologisk tidssknfi

Ebib

Etudes bibliques

ECarm

Ephemerides Carmeliticae

EHAT

Exegetisches Handbuch zum Alten Testament Cross and Freedman, Early Hebrew Orthography

EHO El E ncjud EnchBib EngSt EstBib ET ETL ETR EuntDoc

Eres \ Israel Encyclopaedia judaica (1971) E nchm dion biblicum English Studies Estudios bíblicos Eglise et Théologie Ephemerides théologicae lovanienses Etudes théologiques et religieuses Euntes Docete

EvK

Evangelische Kommentare

E vQ E vT Exp E xpTim FrancSt

Evangelical Quarterly Evangelische Theologie (EvTh) The Expositor Expository Times Franciscan Studies

FRLANT

Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments

Abbreviations GAG

GKB GKC GTJ H ALAT

XV

W. von Soden, Grundriss der akkadischen Grammatik Gesenius-Kautzsch-Bergstrasser, Hebraische Grammatik Gesenius’Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, tr. A. E. Cowley Grace TheologicalJournal

W. Baumgartner et al., Hebraisches u n d aramaisches Lexikon zum Alten

HAR

Testament Hebrew A n n u a l Review

HAT HDR

Handbuch zum Alten Testament Harvard Dissertations in Religion

H en HeyJ H ibJ

Henoch Heythrop Journal Hibbert Journal

HKAT

Handkom m entar zum Alten Testament

HS H SAT

Hebrew Studies Die Heilige Schrift des Alten Testament, 2 vols.; ed. E. Kautzsche and A.

HSM

Bertholet (Tübingen: 41922-23) Harvard Semitic Monographs

H TR

H arvard Theological Review

HTS

Harvard Theological Studies

HUCA

Hebrew Union College A n n u a l

HUCM

Monographs of Hebrew Union College

IB

Interpreter’s Bible

ICC

International Critical Commentary G. A. Buttrick (ed.), Interpreter’s Dictionary o f the Bible Supplementary volume to IDB

IDB IDBSup IEJ IndJTh In t ISBE IT Q IT S JA JA A R

Israel Exploration Journal Indian Journal o f Theology Interpretation G. W. Bromiley (ed.), International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, rev. Irish Theological Quarterly Innsbrucker theologisches Studien Journal asiatique Journal o f the American Academy o f Religion

JAC

Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum

JANESCU JA O S JA S JB JB C JB L JB R

Journal o f the Ancient Near Eastern Society o f Columbia University Journal o f the American Oriental Society Journal o f A sian Studies A. Jones (ed.), Jerusalem Bible R. E. Brown et al. (eds.), The Jerome Biblical Commentary Journal o f Biblical Literature Journal o f Bible and Religion

JBS

Jerusalem Biblical Studies

JCS

Journal o f Cuneiform Studies

JDS

Judean Desert Studies

JEA JEO L JE TS

Journal o f Egyptian Archaeology Jaarbericht. . . ex oriente lux Journal o f the Evangelical Theological Society

A b b r ev ia tio n s

XVI

JM E S JN E S JN SL JPOS

Journal o f Jewish Studies Journal o f Middle Eastern Studies Journal o f Near Eastern Studies Journal o f Northwest Semitic Languages Journal o f Palestine Oriental Society

JPSV

Jewish Publication Society Version

JQR

Jewish Quarterly Review

JJS

JQRMS

Jewish Quarterly Review Monograph Series

JR

JSS JSSR JTC JTS Judaica ΚΑΙ

Journal o f Religion Journal o f the Royal Asiatic Society Journal o f Religious Studies Journal fo r the Study o f the Old Testament Supplement to JS O T Journal o f Semitic Studies Journal fo r the Scientific Study o f Religion Journal fo r Theology and the Church Journal o f Theological Studies Judaica: Beitrage zum Verstandnis . . . H. Donner and W. Róllig, Kanaanaische u n d aramaische Inschnften

KAT KB

E. Sellin (ed.), Kommentar zum Alten Testament L. Koehler and W. Baumgartner, Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti libros

JR A S JRelS JSO T

JSOTSup

KD

Kerygma u n d Dogma

KIT

Kleine Texte

KTU

Die Keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit, I, ed. M. Dietrich, O. Loretz,

LCC LCL LD

a n d j. Sammartin, AOAT 24 (1976) Library of Christian Classics Loeb Classical Library Lectio divina

Les LLAVT

LQ. LR

LSJ LTK Lum V it

LUÁ M BA

Lesonénu E. Vogt, Lexicon linguae aramaicae Veteris Testamenti Lutheran Quarterly Luterische Rundschau Liddel-ScottJones, Greek-English Lexicon Lexicon f u r Theologie u n d Kirche Lum en Vitae

Lunds universitets ársskrift Y Aharoni and M. Ari-Yonah, M acmillan Bible Atlas, rev. ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1977)

McCQ

McCormick Quarterly

MDOG

Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft

M elT MGWf MScRel M TZ MUSJ

Melita Theologica M onatsschúft f ü r Geschichte u n d Wissenschaft des Judentum s Melanges de science religieuse Miinchener theologische Zeitschnft Melanges de Vuniversité Saint Joseph

MVAG

Mitteilungen der vorder-asiatisch-ágyptischen Gesellschaft

NedTTs NGTT

Nederlands theologish tijdschnfi Nederduits Gereformeerde Teologiese Tydshrif

Abbreviations

x v ii

NHS NICOT

Nag Hammadi Studies New International Commentary on the Old Testament

NKZ N orT T N o vT NRT N SH

Nene kirchliche ZeitschHft Norsk Teologisk TidsskHft N ovum Testamentum L a nouvelle revue théologique Kuhnigk, Nordwestsemitische Studien zum Hoseabuch (Rome: Biblical

OBO OIP OLP

Institute Press, 1974) Orbis biblicus et orientalis Oriental Institute Publications Orientalia lovaniensia periodica

O LZ Or OrAnt OrChr OrSyr

Orientalische Literaturzeitung OHentalia (Rome) OHens antiquus OHens chHstianus L ’oHent syHen

OTL

Old Testament Library

O TS OTWSA PAAJR PCB

Oudtestamentische Studien Die Outestamentiese Werkgemeenskap in Suid-AfHka Proceedings o f the American Academy o f Jewish Research M. Black and Η. H. Rowley (eds.), Peake's Commentary on the Bible

PEFQS PEQ PG PJ PL PRU PSTJ

Palestine Exploration F und , (Quarterly Statement Palestine Exploration (Quarterly J. Migne, Patrología graeca Palastina-Jahrbuch J. Migne, Patrología latina Le Palais royal d ,UgaHt Perkins (School o f Theology) Journal Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encyclopadie der classischen Altertumsimssenschaft

(London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1963)

PW PWSup QDAP RA RAC RArch RB RCB RE

Supplement to PW (Quarterly o f the Department o f Antiquities in Palestine Revue d ’assynologie et d ’archéologie oHentale Reallexikon f ü r Antike u n d Christentum Revue archéologuique Revue biblique Revista de cultura bíblica Realencyklopadie fü r protestantische Theologie u n d Kirche

RechBib

Recherches bibliques

REJ RelS RelSRev RES ResQ RevExp RevistB RevQ RevScRel

Revue des études juives Religious Studies Religious Studies Review Repertoire d ’épigraphie sémitique Restoration Quarterly Review and Expositor Revista bíblica Revue de Qumran Revue des sciences religieuses

x v iii

A bbreviations

RevSém RGG RHPR RHR R ivB RR RSO R SP

Revue sémitique Religion in Geschichte u n d Gegenwart Revue d ’histoire et de philosophie religieuses Revue de Vhistoire des religions Rivista bíblica Review o f Religion Revista degli studi orientali Ras Shamra Parallels, ed. L. R. Fisher, AnOr 49 (Rome: Pontifical

R SP T R SR RTL RTP RUO

Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques Recherches de sdence religieuse Revue théologique de Louvain Revue de théologie et de philosophie Revue de Vuniversité dO ttaw a

SANT SAOC SAT

SB SBB

Studien zum Alten und Neuen Testament Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization Die Schriften des Alten Testaments in Auswahl übersetzt und erklárt, ed. H erm an Gunkel Cross and Freedman, Studies in Ancient Yahwistic Poetry Sources bibliques Stuttgarter biblische Beitráge

Biblical Institute, 1972)

SAYP

SBFLA

Studii biblici franciscani liber a n n u u s

SBLASP SBLDS SBLMasS SBLMS SBLSBS SBLSCS SBLTT SBM SBS SBT

Society of Biblical Literature Abstracts and Seminar Papers SBL Dissertation Series SBL Masoretic Studies SBL Monograph Series SBL Sources for Biblical Study SBL Septuagint and Cognate Studies SBL Texts and Translations Stuttgarter biblische Monographien Stuttgarter Bibelstudien Studies in Biblical Theology

ScEs Scr ScrB

Science et espnt Saripture Saripture Bulletin

SD

Studies and Documents

SEA Sef SE H M Sem SJT SO TP

Svensk exegetisk arsbok Separad Stuart, Studies in Early Hebrew Meter Semítica Scottish Journal o f Theology Η. H. Rowley (ed.), Studies in Old Testament Prophecy

SOTSMS SPAW

Society for Old Testament Study Monograph Series Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

SR

Studies in Religion / Sciences religieuses

SSS

Semitic Study Series

ST STA

Studia theologica Svensk teologisk arssknft

Abbreviations STDJ

Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah

STK

Svensk teologisk kvartalskHfl

StudOr SVTP

Studia orientalia Studia in Veteris Testamenti pseudepigrapha

SWJT TBl TBT

Southwestern Journal o f Theology Theologische Blatter The Bible Today

TBÜ

Theologische Bücherei

TD TD O T

XIX

Theology Digest

TextsS

G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren (eds.), Theological Dictionary o f the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974-) Texts and Studies

TF TGI TGUOS ThLife ThSz ThV TLZ TP TQ TRev TR u TS T SK TT TTK i TToday TTZ

Theologische Forschung Theologie u n d Glaube Transactions: Glasgow University Onental Society Theology and Life Theologiai Szemle Theologisches Versuche (Berlin) Theologische Literaturzeitung Theologie u n d Philosophie Theologische Quartahchrift Theologische Revue Theologische R undschau Theological Studies Theologische Studien u n d Kritiken Teologisk TidsskHft Tidssknfi fo r Teologi og Kirke Theology Today Trierer theologische Zeitschrift

TU

Texte und Untersuchungen

TV TW AT

G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren (eds.), Theologisches Wórterbuch

Theologia Viatorum zum Alten Testament

TW O T

R. L. Harris, et al. (eds.), Theological Wordbook o f the Old Testament (Chicago: Moody Press, 1980)

TynBul TZ UF USQR UT

Tyndale Bulletin Theologische Zeitschnft (ThZ) Ugaút-Forschungen Union Seminary (Quarterly Review C. H. Gordon, UgaHtic Textbook

UUA

Uppsala universitetsársskrift

VC VD VF VSpir VT

Vigilae chnstianae Verbum domini Verkiindigung u n d Forschung Vie spintuelle Vetus Testamentum

VTSup WBC

Vetus Testamentum, Supplements Word Biblical Commentary

A bbreviations

xx WDB W H AB

Westminster Dictionary o f the Bible Westminster Historical Atlas o f the Bible

WMANT

Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament

WO W TJ WuD

Die Welt des Orients Westminster TheologicalJournal Wort u n d Dienst

WUNT

Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

W ZK M WZKSO ZA ZA W ZDMG ZDPV ZEE ZKG ZKT ZNW ZRGG ZTK ZW T

Wiener Zeitschrift f u r die Kunde des Morgenlandes Wiener Zeitschrift fu r die Kunde Süd- u n d Ostasiens Zeitschrift f u r Assyriologie Zeitschrift f u r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft Zeitschrift der deutsche morgenlandischen Gesellschaft Zeitschrift der deutschen Palastina-Vereins Zeitschrift f u r evangelische Ethik Zeitschrift f u r Kirchengeschichte Zeitschrift f u r katholische Theologie Zeitschrift f u r die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft Zeitschrift f u r Religions- u n d Geistesgeschichte Zeitschrift f u r Theologie u n d Kirche Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Theologie hithp hithpael

H ebrew Grammar abs acc act adv aor apoc c coh conj consec const conv dittogr fern, f fut gen haplogr hiph

absolute accusative active adverb / adverbial aorist apocopated common cohortative conjunction consecutive construct converted dittography feminine future genitive haplography hiphil

hoph impf impv ind inf juss mase, m niph obj pass pf pi poss prep pronom ptep sg stat subj suff voc

hophal imperfect imperative indicative infinitive jussive masculine niphal object passive perfect plural possessive preposition pronominal participle singular stative subject / subjective suffix vocative

N ote: Hebrew ‫( ש‬sin) is differentiated by pointing from ‫( ש‬shin) only when ambiguity m ight otherwise result.

Abbreviations T extual N

otes

Akk. Arab. Aram. C

Akkadian Arabic Aramaic Codex of the Prophets from Cairo Eg. Egyptian Eng. English Eth. Ethiopic EW English versions Gk. Greek Heb. Hebrew Hex. Hexapla K Kethib (consonantal text) L Leningrad Codex LXX The Septuagint LXXA (etc.) Alexandrinus Codex of the Septuagint (etc.) MT Masoretic Text OG Old Greek first person second person third person

1 2

3

B ib l ic a l

Gen Exod Lev Num Deut Josh Judg Ruth 1-2 Sam 1-2 Kgs 1-2 Chr Ezra Neh Esth Job Ps(s) Prov Eccl Cant

xxi

and

A pocry ph al Bo o k s

Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth 1-2 Samuel 1-2 Kings 1-2 Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job Psalm (s) Proverbs Ecclesiastes Canticles, Song of

OL Q 2Q Jer 4Q Jer Syr Syrh Tg tiq. soph. Ug. Vg a' θ' σ' >