Jamia ki Kahani जामिया की कहानी

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Tkkfe;k dh dgkuh vCnqy x+¶+Qkj engksyh

Hkwfedk tkfe;k esa vkus ds ckn eSaus tkfe;k vkSj tkfe;k ds edln ij dbZ ys[k fy[ksA lu~ 49 ds ckn tkfe;k dh okf"kZd fjiksVZ ;k ml fjiksVZ dh leh{kk fy[kuk esjs gokys jgkA ysfdu eSa yxkrkj ;g vuqHko djrk jgk gw¡ fd eSa ,d ,sls laLFkku vkSj ,sls dkeksa ds ckjs esa fy[k jgk gw¡ tks eq>ls nwj ugha rks fdlh gn rd vyx t+:j gSA vius LoHkko dks ns[krs gq, bl ekufld fofPNUurk dks xyr ;k cqjk ugha le>rk cfYd blh vlEi`drrk ds dkj.k gh eSa viuk larqyu [kks, fcuk tkfe;k esa vM+rhl lky fcrk ldkA ysfdu tkfe;k esa vCnqy x+¶Q + +kj engksyh tSls lsod Hkh gSa ftUgksaus vius O;fDrRo dks tkfe;k esa fcYdqy lek fn;k gS vkSj ftudh uCt+ tkfe;k dh uCt+ ds lkFk bl rjg pyrh gS tSls mudk otwn tkfe;k ds otwn ls vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrkA mlds gj uqd+lku ls muds fny ij ,d ?kko yxrk gS vkSj mldh çxfr dk gj d+ne mudks thus dh ubZ ÅtkZ nsrk gSA tkfe;k dk dke muds fy, dsoy vPNk vkSj ykHknk;d dke ugha gS cfYd muds fny dk gky c;ku djrh gSA tkfe;k fefYy;k bLykfe;k njvly ;gh yksx gSa vkSj muesa esjs ut+nhd vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj engksyh lgh vFkksaZ esa cgqr yksdfç; gSaA tkfe;k fefYy;k jk"Vªh; ,drk dh felky vkSj ç;ksxksa dk LFkku blh dkj.k cu ldk fd mlesa vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj engksyh tSls f'k{kd gSaA 'kk;n viuh blh ekufld fofPNUurk ds dkj.k eSa vU; lkfFk;ksa dh vis{kk vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc ds O;fDrRo vkSj f'k{kd ds :i esa mudh {kerk dk csgrj vuqeku yxk ldrk gw¡A og mlwy ds cgqr ikcan gSa vkSj blh ds dkj.k eq>s ,d lcd+ feyk ftls vc rd ugha Hkwyk gw¡A mUgksaus lu~ 31 ;k 32 bZ- esa eq>ls ,d lekjksg dh v/;{krk djus dh vuqjks/k dh] eSaus oknk dj fy;k exj lekjksg dk tks le; fuf'pr Fkk mlls vk/ks ;k ,d feuV nsj ls igq¡pk ns[kk fd esjh txg dksbZ vkSj v/;{krk dj jgk gSA ;g l[+rh flQZ+ esjs lkFk ugha dh xbZA vHkh dqN fnu gq, tkfe;k dqykf/kifr Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu us eq>ls vCnqy x+¶Q + +kj lkgc dk mYys[k djrs gq, dgk fd ,d ckj mUgsa çkFkfed enjls ls ,d lekjksg esa igq¡pus esa dqN 2

nsj gks xbZ Fkh blfy, vCnqy x¶+Q+kj lkgc us mudh txg fdlh nwljs dks v/;{k cukdj dk;ZokbZ vkjaHk dj nhA bldk muds Åij cgqr çHkko iM+k vkSj og le; dh cgqr vf/kd ikcan gksus yxsA Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu lkgc ds vkSj esjs ikl tks ft+Eesnkjh jgh gS muds dkj.k gekjh vknrksa dks tkfe;k ds :Vhu dks cukus vkSj fcxkM+us esa n[k+y jgk gS vkSj vxj tkfe;k ds lekjksgksa esa le; dh ikcanh dh tkrh jgh gS rks bldh cgqr cM+h otg ;g gS fd vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc us Mkt+kfdj gqlSu ds vkSj esjs fny esa bZ'oj dk Hk; mRiUu dj fn;kA eSaus tkfe;k esa cjlksa is dgha ugha feykA ;g lu~ 1937 bZ- dh ckr gSA tc vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc enjls dh fuxjkuh ls vyx gks pqds Fks] mUgsa vk'kk Fkh fd muds lkFkh cgqr yxu ls dke djuk viuk nSfud :Vhu cuk ysaxsA dsoy 'kkSd vkSj #fp ls dke djuk muds fy, dkQ+h ugha FkkA og ,slh fjvk;r ugha djrs ftlls dke dk Lrj fxj tk,A blfy, vxj mUgksaus enjls esa tku Mky nh og f'k{kdksa dks d+kcw esa u dj ldsA fuxjkuh ls vyx gksus ds ckn mUgksaus igyh vkSj nwljh d{kk esa ls ,d dh f'k{kk dk ft+Eek fy;k vkSj bl lhfer {ks= esa Hkh mudh jpukRed 'kfä us cM+s dfj'es fn[kk,A çksVsDV i)fr tks vU; i)fr;ksa esa ,d i)fr gS] blus muds 'kkSd+ vkSj fo'okl esa tknw dk vlj iSnk dj fn;k vkSj bldh cnkSyr enjls ds Kku dk gj igyw f'k{kk&nh{kk vkSj {kerkvksa dks mHkjus dk ,d felky cu x;kA lu~ 1942&43 esa vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc rhljh d{kk ds f'k{kd Fks vkSj eSaus mudh ,d Mk;jh ns[kh gS ftlesa iwjs lky dh xfrfof/k foLrkj ls fy[kh xbZ gSA esjk cgqr th pkgk fd mls dsoy mnwZ esa ugha cfYd Lo;a mldk vuqokn djds vaxzst+h esa NiokÅ¡A exj lalk/kuksa dh deh vkSj viuh nwljh O;Lrrkvksa us bl bjkns dks iwjk ugha gksus fn;kA cgjgky vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj lkgc vius fofHkUu 'kS{kf.kd ç;ksxksa vkSj i)fr;ksa dks NksVh NksVh iqLrdksa esa fy[krs jgs gSa vkSj vk'kk gS fd le; ds lkFk mu iqLrdksa dk ewY; cs ekQ+ djsaxsA vkidk lsod vCnqy x+¶+Q+kj engksyh 29 vDVwcj 1964 bZ-

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Ikgyk lky ¼29 vDVwcj 1920&twu 1921 rd½ 1920 esa fons'kh vaxzsth 'kklu dk vf/kdkj lekIr djus vkSj Lojkt LFkkfir djus ds fy, tc ns'k esa f[k+ykQ+r vkSj vlg;ksx vkanksyu dk t+ksj Fkk ekSykuk eqgEen vyh] 'kkSdr vyh vkSj egkRek xka/kh ns'k dk nkSjk dj jgs FksA tks'k dh ygj lkjs ns'k esa nkSM+ xbZ FkhA vlg;ksx ds çksxzke dk ,d vax ljdkjh 'kSf{kd laLFkkvksa ls laca/k&foPNsn djus dk Hkh Fkk ysfdu vyhxs nsuk iM+k fglkc [+kwus ftxj o nh[krs eqtxkus ;kj Fkk** var esa fMxzh ikus okys Nk=ksa dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, dgk& rqeesa ls ftu yksxksa dks vkt tkfe;k dh vafre ijh{kk ikl djus dh fMxzh fey jgh gS oks ;g u le>sa fd mudh f'k{kk&vof/k lekIr gks x;hA okLro esa vc mudh f'k{kk dh vof/k vkjaHk gksrh gSA tc og nqfu;k dh ikB'kkyk esa thou dk d [k x lh[ksaxs vkSj muls bl le; eSa ;g dguk vko';d le>rk gw¡ fd os thou 19

ds fdlh jkg ij Hkh vius dks ik,¡ ml lR; lans'k dks u Hkwysa ftldk çlkj&çpkj muds vfLrRo dk lcls cM+k y{; gSA oks ;fn nqfu;k ls dqN lh[kus tk,a rks mlds cnys mls futkr ¼eks{k½ dk ,dek= jkLrk fl[kkus dk Hkh ç;kl djsaA os le> ysa fd os nqfu;k esa ,d lsod vkSj lR; lans'kokgd ds :i esa ços'k dj jgs gSa vkSj fdlh xqV ;k laçnk; dh lsok ds fy, ugha CkfYd laiw.kZ ekuotkfr dh lsok ds fy,A D;ksafd og ml f'k{kk ds okgd gSa tks nqfu;k ls jax o uLy ds varj dks feVkus vkSj balku ds ^ljs&nkeu* dks ^xnZ&oru* ls ifo= djus ds fy, vk;h FkhA os vius dks ghu vkSj vlgk; u le>sa D;ksafd ftlus ,d [+kqnk ds vkxs vius flj dks >qdk;k og fdlh nwljs dh lgk;rk ij vkfJr ugha jgrkA os ml lans'k ds okgd gSa tks nqfu;k ds okLrfod nq[k dk ,dek= mipkj gS& cs[+kcj rw tkSgjs&vkbZu&,&v¸;ke gS rw t+ekus esa [+kqnk dk vkf[+kjh iSx+ke gS ge lc dh vk¡[ksa rqe ij yxh gS gesa ek;wl u djukA

rhljk lky ¼tqykbZ 1922 ls twu 1923 rd½ tkfe;k ij jktuSfrd jax ds ctk; /khjs&/khjs 'kSf{kd jax ps lcls vf/kd viuh vksj [khaprk gSA i{kikr vkSj ladh.kZrk laiw.kZ ekuo&bfrgkl esa ekuo&fodkl ds lcls cM+s 'k=q jgs gSaA O;fDrxr 'kklu ds gkfudkjd nq"çHkko ekuo efLr"d ds fodkl esa lcls vf/kd Hkh"k.k flí gq, gSaA esjk rks fopkj gS fd laL—fr ,oa lH;rk ds fy, foKku dh lcls cM+h] lcls mÙke vkSj fpj –s iw.kZ fo'okl gS fd lR; ,oa okLrfodrk] 'kq) f'k{kk&nh{kk vkSj fparu dh Lora=rk dh ;g izfØ;k bl fo'ofo|ky; dh oSlh gh çeq[k fo'ks"krk gksxh tSlh vrhr esa bLyke ds fodkl dh FkhA eSa bLyke dh ijaijkvksa ls ifjfpr gw¡A eqLyekuksa us Kku&foKku] dyk ,oa n'kZu dh tks lsok dh gS] eq>s ekywe gSaA tc ;wjksi dh nqfu;k ccZjksa ds vkØe.k ls iruksUeq[k Fkh vkSj va/kdwi esa tk iM+h Fkh] ;fn ml le; bLyke lgk;rk u igq¡pkrk vkSj mPp f'k{kk dk cht cksdj mldk ikyu&iks"k.k u djrk vkSj lR;rk ,oa Lok/khurk ds okrkoj.k esa mldk iks”k.k djds mUgsa Qyus&Qwyus u nsrk rks eSa iwNrk gw¡ fd vkt nqfu;k dgk¡ gksrh\ vk/kqfud laL—fr ds fpg~u dgk¡ feyrs\ e/;dky esa eqlyeku fo}kuksa] oSKkfudksa vkSj nk'kZfudksa us iwjc] felz rFkk ;wuku dk laiw.kZ Kku lko/kkouhiwoZd lqjf{kr dj fy;kA lqjf{kr gh ugha dj fy;k cfYd mudh lald`fr ,oa la’kks/ku esa o`f) dj la;ksftr fd;kA dksbZ O;fä fxcu] lSfn;ks] ysuiksy] Mªh;j] lj l¸;n vehj vyh vkSj ml ;qx ds vU; bfrgkldkjksa ds lqHkk"kh iUuksa dks is bl fopkj ls vkt Hkh çlUurk gksrh gS fd ;g tkfe;k fefYy;k bLykfe;k lR; ,oa Lora=rk dh vyEcjnkj jgsxhA ysfdu ,d nwljk [+krjk laHko gS ftl ij izk;% lkewfgd fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh cqfu;kn j[kh tkrh gS vkSj ftlls bl çdkj dh f’k{k.k laLFkk u”V gks tkrh gSA esjh vk’k; lkaçnkf;d ladh.kZrk vkSj /kkfeZd i{kikr ls gS] ftlds laca/k esa vHkh eSaus vki ls ppkZ dh gSA bl leL;k ds laca/k esa Hkh eSa fujk'k ughaA gj volj ij vuk;kl gh [+krjk ugha ut+j vkrkA fo'ks"kdj os nks lEekfur gfLr;k¡] ftuds uke bl laLFkku ls tqM+s gSa] [kqn bl dk;Z ds fy, i;kZIr gSa fd fgUnw&eqfLye HkkbZpkjk bl laLFkku esa ges'kk tkjh jgsxkA eq>s fo'okl gS fd i{kikr dh ;g vfiz; Hkkouk bl laLFkku dh ifo= pgkjnhokjh ds Hkhrj dHkh ik¡o u j[ksxhA ;fn vlko/kkuh ds dkj.k dHkh vk Hkh x;h rks mls teus dk volj u fn;k tk,xkA fQj Hkh tgk¡ dgha ,slk laHko gks] lko/kkuh FkksM+h dfBu gksrh gSA blh ls lacaf/kr eSa dqN vkSj dguk pkgrk gw¡A Hkkjr ,d la;qDr jk"Vªh;rk j[krk gSA vFkkZr~ nwljs ns'kksa ds yksx ;g dgrs gSa fd ;gk¡ fofHkUu tkfr vkSj uLy ds yksx vkckn gSa] ysfdu ;s tkfr;k¡ vkSj uLysa ns'kçse ds ,d lqugjs ca/ku esa ijLij tqM+s gSaA bl ns'k esa nks cM+s laçnk; fgUnw vkSj eqfLye tks lcls vf/kd çfl) gSa] ;fn nksuksa ijLij lger vkSj laxfBr jgsa rks la;qä Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh;rk dk vfLrRo fuf'pr gS vkSj dksbZ ,slk dkj.k ugha fd os ijLij ,d u jgsaA ;fn ge Hkkjr esa eqlyekuksa dh mnkjrk vkSj vi{kikr&jfgr joS;s dk ;wjksi dh mnkjrk ls eqd+kcyk djsa rks gedks lkQ+ varj fn[kk;h nsxkA eSa ;s ckrsa mifLFkr eqlyeku dks [+kq'k djus ds fy, ugha dg jgk gw¡] cfYd ;g esjh fuf'pr jk; gS vkSj vkt ls yxHkx pkyhl o"kZ iwoZ ml le; Hkh Fkh tc eSa ,Msucjk esa Nk= Fkk vkSj eSaus ,d ii= ^fgUnqLrku x+nj ls igys vkSj ckn* ds uke ls fy[kk FkkA eSa tkurk gw¡ fd ekr`Hkwfe ds os ¼eqlyeku½ oSls gh okLrfod liwr gSa tSls dksbZ cM+s ls cM+k ns'kçseh fgUnwA eSa muls fuosnu d:¡xk fd eqfLye laçnk; esa HkkbZpkjk vkSj ns'kçse dh Hkkouk ges'kk tkjh jgs vkSj ;gh og çse&lans'k gS ftldk çpkj&çlkj bl ;wfuoflZVh dks djuk gSA bldks laiw.kZ Hkkjr ds le{k HkkbZpkjs dk mnkgj.k çLrqr djuk gSA eq>s fo'okl gS fd vius y{; dh çkfIr blds laLFkkidksa dks çlUu djus dk mfpr ek/;e gksxk] ftuds fy, 24

fgUnw&eqfLye ,drk ,d vkLFkk ds :i esa FkhA eq>s [+kq'kh gS fd mldh 'kq:vkr cgqr vPNh gqbZ gSA tks xfrfof/k;k¡ bl f’k{k.k laLFkku dh gSa os cgqr mRlkgo/kZd gSaA ;g dguk blds fy, dkQ+h gksxk fd ;gk¡ ds Nk=ksa esa cgqr ls fgUnw Nk= Hkh gSa vkSj LVkQ+ dh lwph esa dbZ fgUnw f'k{kdksa ds uke ekStwn gSaA blls c v/;kidksa ds da/kksa ls mBkdj ge ij Mky fn;k tk, rks ge mlds ;ksX; gks ldsa vkSj gj le; tkfe;k dh reke det+ksfj;ksa dks nwj djus ds fy, ge Hkh mlh izdkj ç;kljr jgsa ftl izdkj gekjs v/;kidA lTtuksa] bl lPpkbZ ls vki Hkh ifjfpr gksaxs fd çR;sd f'k{k.k laLFkku dh LFkkiuk ds fy, nks gh rRo lcls vf/kd vko';d gqvk djrs gSa] ,d v/;kid e.My vkSj nwljk Nk=A blh gSfl;r ls nksuksa dh ft+Eesnkfj;k¡ Hkh cjkcj gksrh gaSA ysfdu bu lcdk laca/k tgk¡ rd gekjh tkfe;k ls gS] eSa fo'okl ds lkFk dg ldrk gw¡ fd gekjh ft+Eesnkfj;k¡ v/;kidksa dh ft+Eesnkfj;ksa ls dgha T+;knk c Mky nsrs FksA [+kq'kfet+kt og ,sls Fks fd viuh g¡lh vki gh mM+krs jgrs FksA og vius dks pkSik;k ¼Beast½ dgk djrs Fks vkSj viuh choh dks ijh ¼Beauty½A og cgjs Hkh Fks vkSj b’kkjksa ls ckrsa fd;k djrs FksA exj mudh ;ksX;rk ds lkeus muds lkjs nks”k fNi tkrs FksA vius t+ekus ds Hkkjrh; lekpkj i=ksa esa tgk¡ rd pViVs pqVdqys fy[kus dk laca/k gS muds tSlk dksbZ vkSj u FkkA ;w¡ rks vius vthc d+ye ls yksxksa dks djkjh pksVsa Hkh yxk ldrs Fks] exj mlls tc og yksxksa dks xqnxqnkuk ‘kq: djrs Fks rks g¡lrs&g¡lrs isV esa cy iM+ tkrs FksA og dbZ pksVh ds lekpkji=ksa ds laiknd jg pqds FksA Hkkjr dh i=dkfjrk ds 30

bfrgkl esa mudk uke blfy, Hkh vej jgsxk fd og bl ns'k esa i=dkfjrk dh lqO;ofLFkr f'k{kk vkjaHk djus okyksa esa lcls vkxs FksA muls i=dkfjrk dk tks gquj eSaus lh[kk og bl ykbu esa esjh igyh iw¡th FkhA tkfe;k ds Nk=ksa dh vatqeu dh tks lHkk,¡ gksrh Fkha og ns[kus ;ksX; gksrh FkhaA eSa bykgkckn ;wfuoflZVh esa vPNs cksyus okyksa esa fxuk tkrk FkkA ysfdu ;gk¡ ds tks'khys oDrkvksa ds lkeus esjk Hkk"k.k ,slk gh yxrk Fkk tSls xaxk ds lkeus xkserhA MkW- vQ+lj dh vkokt+] tc dE;wfuTe dk t+ksj Fkk] dgha ugha xw¡trh FkhA dqN ;qok tkfe;k esa ,sls Fks tks fnu jkr nqfu;k dks Nku Mkyus dk LoIu ns[kk djrs FksA muesa ls dbZ us vius lius dks lkdkj fd;kA lp rks ;g gS fd tkfe;k ds okrkoj.k esa og tknw Fkk ftlds çHkko ls tokuh ds igyw esa fNis gq, lHkh xq.kksa dks dfy;ksa dh rjg pVd dj f[kyus dk volj feyrk FkkA blds Qwy ns'k ds dksus dksus esa fc[kjs gSaA

ikapok lky ¼tqykbZ 1924 bZ- ls twu 1925 bZ-½ 1921 bZ- esa tkfe;k us vLFkkbZ ikB~;Øe çdkf'kr fd;k FkkA D;ksafd nwljs fo|ky;ksa ls vkus okys Nk= ;gk¡ f'k{kk çkIr dj jgs FksA rqjar muds eSfVªd vkSj fMxzh dh ijh{kk lkeus FkkA blfy, bl ikB~;Øe esa ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa ds lkekU; ikB~;Øeksa dh vis{kk dksbZ egRoiw.kZ ifjorZu ugha FkkA exj ekSykuk eqgEen vyh dh ;g bPNk Fkh fd izR;sd d{kk ds Nk= dqjvku dh f'k{kk ls ifjfpr gksa vkSj mnwZ dh ,slh ikB~; iqLrd rS;kj fd;s tk;s tks mnwZ vkSj lkekU; Kku nksuksa fo"k;ksa dk dke nsA blfy, mUgksaus ,d ,slh Ldhe rS;kj dh ftlesa bLykfe;kr ds lkFk&lkFk 31

vjch Hkk"kk dh f'k{kk dks vfuok;Z dj fn;kA mnwZ vkSj lkekU; Kku ds fo"k; ,d lkFk irs gq, çR;sd pht+ dh igy djus esa fgLlk fy;k gSA ;w¡ dfg;s fd 'kS{kf.kd ekeyksa esa ekxZn'kZu dk dke tkfe;k ds gh ft+Ees vk iM+k FkkA ;g LokHkkfod ckr FkhA bl dgkuh dk dsUæfcanq ;gh fopkj gSA çkS.Ms dks d+k;e j[kus ds fy, iwjh esgur vkSj ps"Vk ls dke ys jgs gSaA vkidh la[;k ;|fi cgqr de gS] ysfdu nqfu;k esa vPNs vkSj lPps vkneh dHkh cgqr ugha gq, gSaA eSa vki dks Hkh ulhgr d:¡xk fd de la[;k dk vki dqN [k+;ky u dhft, cfYd bl ckr dks ut+j esa jf[k, fd ns'k dh Lora=rk vki ij fuHkZj gSA Lora=rk dk vkids irk fd fQj vkSj fdlh ikB'kkyk esa gks ldrh gSA eSa vkids çksQ+sljksa dks tkurk gw¡ vkSj eq>s fo'okl gS fd bu nks pht+ksa dh f'k{kk ;gk¡ t+:j nh tkrh gSA eq>s bldk t+jk Hkh [k+;ky ugha fd vkidh vkfFkZd fLFkfr vPNh ugha gSA cfYd ckr ;s gS fd bl ckr ls eSa [kq'k gw¡ fd vki dfBukbZ vkSj fu/kZurk dk thou O;rhr dj jgs gSaA bl rjg [+kqnk dh ;kn gj le; rkt+k gksrh jgsxh vkSj vki ges'kk mldh ;kn vius fny esa j[ksaxsA gdhe lkgc dk ;s dguk fcYdqy lgh gS fd esjs fy, fnYyh vkuk cgqr dfBu Fkk] ysfdu vkids ;gk¡ vkus esa eq>s csgn [+kq'kh vkSj lqdwu gkfly gqvkA eSa vkidh [+kq'kh ds fy, ;gk¡ ugha vk;k gw¡ cfYd vius dks [+kq'k djus ds fy, vk;k gw¡A eSa ,d O;fDrxr mís'; dks ;gk¡ ysdj vk;k gw¡ vkSj oks vkils ;g dguk gS fd ckotwn blds fd tkfe;k ds ckgj uQ+jr vkSj t+gj dk rwQ+ku QSyk gqvk gS] ckotwn blds fd eqlyeku fgUnqvksa vkSj fgUnw eqlyekuksa dk xyk dkVus dks rS;kj gSa] ysfdu vc vki vius vki dks blls çHkkfor u gksus nsa] vius [+kqnk dks dHkh u Hkwysa vkSj vius fnyksa esa uQ+jr dh Hkkouk u iSnk gksus nsaA bl mEehn ij eSa vkids ;gk¡ vk;k gw¡A vkius ns[kk gksxk fd eSaus [kknh vkSj rdyh ds ckjs esa ,d 'kCn Hkh ugha dgkA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd bu cqfu;knh pht+ksa ds vkxs tks eSaus vHkh vkidksa crkbZ gSa] [kknh vkSj rdyh Hkh dksbZ egRo ugha j[krhaA vki gt+kj rdyh pyk,¡ vkSj [kknh igusa ysfdu vxj vki bu ckrksa dks O;ogkj esa u yk,¡ tks vHkh eSaus vkids lkeus dgh gSa rks vkidh ;s [kknh vkSj rdyh fdlh dke dh ughaA ysfdu eq>s fo'okl gS fd gdhe lkgc us [kíj iguus dh tks t+:jr crkbZ gS mls vki fcYdqy ugha HkwysaxsA vkidks ekywe gksxk fd [kknh ds }kjk ge lkB gtkj lwr dkrus okyksa dks jksth dk lkeku igq¡pk jgs gSaA tqykgs] /kksch vkSj nwljs is'ks okys blls fcYdqy vyx gSaA ;kn jf[k;s buesa cgqr ls eqlyeku Hkh gSaA vxj pj[ks dk izpyu u gksrk rks cgqr lh txgksa esa eqlyeku vkSjrsa Hkw[kh ej tkrhaA x+jhc fgUnw vkSj eqlyekuksa dks ,d nwljs ls d+jhc ykus dk blds vykok dksbZ mik; ugha] fd [kknh igfu;sA blds vykok ifo= vkSj lkQ+ jfg;sA ifo=rk vkSj lQ+kbZ u dsoy ckgjh vkSj 'kkjhfjd gks] cfYd vkarfjd vkSj fny dh gksA vki le> x, gksaxs fd eSa D;k dguk pkgrk gw¡A vius oknksa dks iwjk dhft, pkgs mlesa tku gh D;ksa u pyh tk,A 57

vkSj bu ckrksa dks ges'kk viuh ;kn esa rkt+k jf[k, tks eSaus vkids lkeus is'k dh gSaA** gj [+kq'kh ds lkFk x+e Hkh yxk gqvk gSA tkfe;k ds lHkh yksx g¡lh&[+kq'kh vius dkeksa dks vatke ns jgs Fks fd vpkud elhgqyeqYd gdhe vtey [+kku dh e`R;q dh lwpuk feyhA ogh gdhe lkgc tks tkfe;k ds igys dqykf/kifr FksA vyhx esa ugha vkrk Fkk fd vc gksxk D;kA ysfdu gdhe lkgc dk [k+;ky djds fgEer crh gSA og HkkbZ dks dyiqtksaZ ds }kjk pyus okyh xqfM+;k cuk ysrh 3

63

gSA lgsyh ds vkus ij ;g thfor xqfM+;k rjg rjg ds [ksy rek'ks fn[kkrh gSA pk; dk lkeku xqfM+;ksa dk fiVkjk] ,d inkZ vkSj dsoy rhu cPpksa ds }kjk ;g ukVd u dsoy enjls esa cfYd ?kjksa esa vklkuh ls [ksyh tk ldrh gSA t+cku esa feBkl gSA NksVs&NksVs okD; gSaA bl mez esa cPps ftl çdkj cksyrs vkSj viuh vnk,¡ fn[kkrs gSa] mlh 'kSyh esa fy[kk gSA cM+h fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd ek= okrkZyki ugha gSaA ik= dqN u dqN djrs gq, cksyrs gSaA blfy, vkSj Hkh yqRQ+ vkrk gSA tkfe;k esa ml le; NksVh cfPp;k¡ ugha i, fd dqN ekyh d+kSe dh HkykbZ ds fy, d"V mBkdj ckx+ ds ikS/kksa dks lhap jgs gksa] d+kSe lSj djrh gqbZ b/kj vk fudys vkSj iwNs Hkh ugha fd gky dSlk gS\ lks ml oD+r ekyh tks dqN dgs] mldk dgk cqjk ugha yxrk gSA MkDVj t+kfdj lkgc us vius lkFkh ekfy;ksa dk dke fn[kkus ds ckn dqN dM+oh ckrsa dqN bl 'kSyh esa dgha fd yksxksa us viuh x+yrh Lohdkj dhA MkDVj lkgc us dgk& ^^tkfe;k ,d [+kkunku dh rjg gSA mLrkn yM+dksa ds lkFk ogh crkZo djrs gSa ftl rjg [+kkunku ds yksx vius vt+ht+ksa ls djrs gSaA fiNys lky bl [+kkunku ij ,d cM+h eqlhcr vkbZA og ;g fd bl [+kkunku dk ,d ljijLr ej x;kA ;kuh gdhe vtey [+kk¡ ejgwe dk lk;k gekjs lj ls mB x;kA muds fu/ku ls geas ftruk lnek gksuk pkfg, FkkA vki le> ldrs gSAa ge cgqr eqf'dyksa esa gSaA gdhe lkgc viuh O;fDrxr O;Lrrkvksa vkSj d+kSeh o ns'k ds dkeksa ds ckotwn bruk le; fudky ysrs Fks fd cYyhekjku ls pydj djksy ckx+ vk,¡ vkSj tkfe;k ds NksVs cPpksa ls ckrsa djus esa vius ewY;oku le; dk ,d Hkkx lQZ+ ¼[+kpZ½ djsaA gekjs fgUnqLrkuh usrkvksa esa gdhe lkgc dks gh ;g xkSjo çkIr gS fd muds fgUnqLrku dh ,d cM+h la[;k ls O;fäxr laca/k Fks tks laHkor% fdlh vkSj dks çkIr ugha gS] ysfdu bu lcds ckotwn d+kSe us mudh Le`fr cuk, j[kus ds fy, dksbZ lfØ;rk ugha fn[kkbZ gSA blesa dqN ek¡xus okyksa ¼pank½ dk Hkh nks"k gSA f'k{kk dk ;g is'kk ftruk lEekfur Fkk mruk gh t+yhy ¼viekutud½ gks x;k gSA ,d le; Fkk tc 'kSf{kd laLFkk ds fy, pank nsuk xkSjo dh ckr le>h tkrh Fkh ysfdu gekjh xnkfxjh ¼fHk{kko`fÙk½ us bl is'ks dks viekutud cuk fn;k gSA vc geus vius fxjscku esa eq¡g Mkyk gS vkSj ladYi fd;k gS fd pkgs ftrus d"V mBkus iM+sa] bl Le`fr dks cuk, j[ksaxsA tc rd fd d+kSe Lo;a gh bldh vksj vk—"V gksA bl mís'; ds fy, vatqeu ^rkyhes&feYyh* ds uke ls ,d laLFkk cukbZ gS ftlesa ;g 66

'krZ j[kh gS fd tkfe;k ds tks deZpkjh blds lnL; gksaxs muesa ls dksbZ O;fDr ,d lkS ipkl #i;s çfr ekg ls vf/kd fdlh fLFkfr esa ugha ysxkA vkSj bl le; bldk dksbZ deZpkjh ipgÙkj #i;s ls vf/kd ugha ys jgk gSA #i;s nks gh rjg ls olwy gksrs gSaA ,d VSDl ls nwljs nku lsA ge le>rs gSa fd vius dke ls vius dks bl ;ksX; cuk,¡ fd d+kSe gesa nku nsA laHko gS vki yksxksa dks esjh ;s ckras ?keaM ls Hkjh gqbZ çrhr gksa] ysfdu eSa cgqr fouez gw¡ vkSj bl le; ,slk dgus ij etcwj gw¡A mEehn gS vki {kek djsaxsA** ,d rjQ+ rks t+kfdj lkgc us ,slh rd+jhj dh rFkk nwljh vksj lekjksg lekIr gksus ds i'pkr tc pk; dk le; vk;k rks cM+h eqgCcr ds lkFk yksxksa dks pk; fiykus yxsA vkSj D;ksa u fiyk,¡---- viuksa ls f'kdk;r Hkh gksrh gS vkSj eqgCcr HkhA nqfu;k dk nLrwj gh ;g gSA MkDVj lkgc voljkuqdwy ckr gh ,slh djrs gSa fd fny esa mrj tkrh gSA enjls esa fofHkUu voljksa ij] tSls ^vyfonkbZ nkor*] ^vatqeus&bÙksgkn* dh elun&u'khuh] enjls dh lHkkvksa esa mUgksaus tks fo'ks"k Hkk"k.k fn, gSa muds dqN va'k bl iqLrd esa fn[kkbZ nsaxsA jkr ds le; f'k{kdksa vkSj yM+dksa us nks Mªkes [ksysA mudk mYys[k blh lky dh dgkuh esa Mªkeksa ds flyflys esa vk pqdk gSA dqN le; gqvk] gkfQ+t+ Q+S;kt vgen lkgc ds funsZ'ku esa tkfe;k dh ,d 'kk[+k 'kgj esa LFkkfir gks pqdh FkhA if=dk ^gksugkj* ds laiknd Q+S;kt+ gqlSu lkgc tkebZ dh fuxjkuh esa ;g enjlk mUufr dj jgk FkkA ;gk¡ ds yM+dksa us ^lkekU; Kku* dk ,Yce çLrqr fd;kA vkSj vfrfFk;ksa ds le{k ^eqckjdckn* dk [ksy fn[kk;kA muds gkFkksa esa xUus ds VqdM+s FksA muls eqckjdckn dk 'kCn rjg rjg ls O;k;ke djus ls curk FkkA vkfFkZd fLFkfr [+kjkc gksus ds dkj.k Nk=o`fÙk ikus okys LokfHkekuh Nk=ksa us fu'p; fd;k fd NksVs&eksVs fdlh u fdlh dk;Z dks djds Q+hl dk ,d va'k vnk djsaxsA blds fy, ^vatqeus&dklchu* ¼laxzg.k&lHkk½ dh cqfu;kn MkyhA foyk;r ds dqN f'k{k.k&laLFkkvksa esa ,slh gh O;oLFkk gSA nwljksa ds vkfJr gksdj f'k{kk xzg.k djus esa dksbZ u dksbZ vans'kk yxk jgrk gSA dqN u dqN dekrs jgus ls vkSj pht+ksa dh rjQ+ mldh #fp Hkh cs lansg gS fd dqN le; ckn gesa etcwju ;gh djuk gksxkA og çR;sd O;fDr tks tkfe;k dks ,d egRoiw.kZ jk"Vªh; vkanksyu le>rk gS vkSj ftldk bl ykHkçn dk;Z ls dqN gkfnZd laca/k gS ;g ?kks"k.kk u djuk pkgsxk fd tkfe;k can gks xbZA esjh Lo;a ;gh Hkkouk gS fd eSa dnkfi ml le; dh dYiuk Hkh ugha djuk pkgrk tc tkfe;k u jgsA ysfdu eq>s fo'okl gS fd gekjs tkfe;k ls vyx gks tkus ls tkfe;k dh e`R;q fuf'pr ugha gksxh cfYd laHko gS blh ls gekjs bl fç; f'k{kk laLFkku ds fy, uothou dk ekxZ ç'kLr gksA eSaus MkDVj t+kfdj gqlSu ls bl ckjs esa foLr`r ppkZ dh gSA ;fn ge mEuk&tkfe;k ls vyx gks x, rks os D;k djsaxsA mUgksaus vius ladYi dk tks [+kkdk esjs lkeus çLrqr fd;k og ladYi vkSj leiZ.k dk ç'kaluh; mnkgj.k gSA mudk fopkj gS fd vius lkfFk;ksa esa ls ^vatqeus&rkyhes&feYyh* ds uke ls mu yksxksa dk ,d laxBu cuk;k tk, tks gj fLFkfr esa d+kSeh rkyhe dk dke djrs jgus dh 'kiFk ysaA ;g lewg vius Åij nkSyr dk njokt+k can dj ys vkSj dsoy brus osru ij ftruk fdlh ds thou&;kiu ds fy, vko';d gks] f'k{kk ds dke dks vkxs cko ds leFkZu esa Hksth Fkh vkSj tkfe;k ls vyx gksus dh lwpuk nh FkhA lHkk esa mifLFkr yksxksa us Hkh fopkj foe'kZ ds ckn bl çLrko dks Lohdkj fd;k fd tkfe;k dks ,d etfyls&rkyhes&feYyh ds v/khu dj fn;k tk, ftlesa tkfe;k ds os f'k{kd 'kkfey gksa tks ,d yach vof/k ds fy, ,d fuf'pr /kujkf'k ls de ij tkfe;k dh lsok djus dk ladYi ysaA orZeku VªfLV;ksa esa ls os tks de ls de 600 #i;s okf"kZd nsus ;k fnykus dk ok;nk djsaA vr% dqyifr egksn; us f'k{kdksa vkSj mEuk tkfe;k dks bl fu.kZ; dh lwpuk nh vkSj tks yksx bu 'krksaZ ij vatqeus&rkyhes&feYyh esa 'kkfey gksuk pkgrs Fks muds fyf[kr i= vkus ij vatqeu dh fu;ekoyh cukus ds fy, lHkk cqykbZ xbZ ftldk fooj.k fuEufyf[kr gS& vatqeus&rkyhes&feYyh] fnYyh dh ,d lHkk 30 flracj 1928 dks tkfe;k fefYy;k ds dk;kZy; esa vk;ksftr gqbZA fuEefyf[kr yksx lHkk esa mifLFkr Fks& ekSyoh eqgEen vlye [+oktk vCnqy gbZ gkfQ+t+ Q+S;kt+ vgen cjdr vyh ekSyoh lkn valkjh lbZn valkjh 'kQ+hdqjZgeku bj'kknqy gd+ 71

Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu lkgc ds çLrko vkSj gkfQ+t+ Q+S;kt+ vgen lkgc ds vuqeksnu ij ekSyoh vlye lkgc lHkk ds v/;{k pqus x,A lHkk us vatqeus&rkyhes&feYyh ds fy, lafo/kku vkSj fu;ekoyh Loh—r dh tks 10 /kkjkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gS& bldh dqN fo'ks"k ckrsa ;s gSa& 1- bl vatqeu dk uke vatqeus&rkyhes&feYyh] fnYyh gksxk 2- bldk mís'; eqYd esa] fo'ks"k :i ls eqlyekuksa esa d+kSeh vkSj d+kSeh mlwyksa ij lgh f'k{kk dk çlkj gksxk vkSj vatqeu vius bl dke esa fuEufyf[kr nks mlwyksa dh ges'kk ikcan jgsxhA d- fgUnqLrku dh Lora=rk&çkfIr rd ;g rRdkyhu ljdkj ls dksbZ laca/k ugha j[ksxh vkSj mlls u fdlh çdkj dh lgk;rk pkgsxh vkSj u Lohdkj djsxhA [k- leLr /keksaZ ds lkFk ln~Hkko j[ksxhA vius mís'; dks çkIr djus ds fy, ;g vatqeu tkfe;k fefYy;k bLykfe;k fnYyh dks cuk, jdsxh vkSj çxfr iznku djsxhA 3- bl vatqeu esa nks çdkj ds lnL; gksaxs& d- LFkk;h lnL; [k- lg;ksxh lnL; 4- LFkk;h lnL; os yksx gksaxs tks fuEufyf[kr 'kiFk i= dks Lohdkj djsaxs& eSa----iq=------'kiFk ysrk gw¡ fd eSa chl lky rd ;k thou Hkj ¼buesa ls tks vof/k Hkh de gks½ vatqeus&rkyhes&feYyh dh lsok d:¡xk vkSj dHkh 150 #i;s çfrekg ls vf/kd ikfjJfed viuh lsok dk ugha yw¡xkA eSa vatqeu ds mís';ksa vkSj mlds lafo/kku] fu;ekoyh dk oQ+knkjh ls ikcan jgw¡xkA vkSj bl lafo/kku ds varxZr tks fu;e vkfn le; le; ij cusaxs mudh ikcanh d:¡xkA gLrk{kj fuEufyf[kr pquko loZlEefr ls gqvk& v/;{k% MkDVj eq[+rkj vgen lfpo% MkDVj t+kfdj gqlSu dks"kk/;{k% lsB teukyky ctkt 72

dk;Zdkfj.kh lnL;% 1- ekSykuk vlye 2- vCnqy gbZ 3- eqgEen eqthc 4- 'kQ+hd+qjZgeku fd+nobZ bl çdkj tkfe;k ds rhljs nkSj dk vkjaHk gksrk gSA

nlok¡ lky ¼vxLr 1929 ls tqykbZ 1930 rd½ djksy ckx+ esa ^enjlk 'kchuk* ds fy, [+kjhnh xbZ t+ehu ij dqN dejksa dh fuekZ.k dk;Z 'kq# gks x;k FkkA 'kgj ls nwj t+ehu dh [+kjhnkjh ds fy, desVh dk xBu gks pqdk FkkA /ku dgk¡ ls vk;kA Mk- valkjh] vCnqy ethn [+oktk] ekSyoh vCnqy gd+] Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu [+kk¡ ds ç;klksa ls yxHkx iPphl gt+kj #i;s feys FksA mUgksaus gSnjkckn ¼nf{k.k½ dk nkSjk djds ;g #i;k ,d= fd;k FkkA fj;klr ls lgk;rk ds fy, yxkrkj çkFkZuk&i= fn, x,A Hkou fuekZ.k rks nsj ls gqvk ysfdu fdjk;s ds Hkouksa esa nks lqanj dksfB;ksa dh o`f) gks xbZA tkfe;k ds iwoZ Nk= vyh vgen lkgc jk"Vªh; Ldwy jaxwu ds eq[; v/;kid FksA viuh igpku ds yksxksa vkSj vyx&vyx yksxksa ls ;s pank ,d= djds gj N% eghus esa ,d vPNh [+kklh jd+e Hkstk djrs FksA nkaMh ds ued lR;kxzg ds ekeys esa lfou; voKk dk eqík t+ksjksa ij py jgk FkkA tkfe;k ds Nk=ksa vkSj v/;kidksa esa dkQ+h mRlkg FkkA LokHkkfod Fkk fd tkfe;k esa gksus okys lEesyuksa esa dqyifr th ds Hkk"k.k blh jktuhfrd eqís ij gksrs FksA igyk lEesyu vatqeu bÙksgkn dh elun u'khuh dk FkkA ;g vkanksyu vkjaHk gksus ls igys gqvk Fkk vkSj cM+s Lrj ij gqvk FkkA tkfe;k ds lHkh Nk=ksa us] ftlesa Ms Ldkyj Hkh ‘kkfey Fks] ekSykuk eqgEen vyh vkSj csxe lkfgck ds lkFk jkr dk [kkuk [kk;kA ijaijk ds vuqlkj lfpo egksn; us xr o"kZ dk;ksaZ dks çLrqr fd;kA u, 73

mik/;{k us v/;{krk djrs gq, u, lky ds fy, viuh ;kstuk dk izk:i çLrqr fd;kA u, mik/;{k vCnqy djhe lkgc ¼is'kkojh½ us dgk ^^tkfe;k dke djus dk dksbZ jkLrk fuf’pr dj ys vFkkZr~ mu ckrksa dh ?kks"k.kk dj ns ftudk ikyu djuk tkfe;k ds çR;sd Nk= vkSj f’k{kdksa ds fy, vko';d gS vkSj f’k{kdksa ls ;g çkFkZuk gS fd os lHkh Nk=ksa dks ,drk ds jax esa jax nsaA ,sls voljksa ij tkfe;k dqyifr dk cksyuk vko';d gksrk gS] blfy, Mk- t+kfdj lkgc us dgk% ^^tkfe;k ds mís'; dks tkuus ds fy, ;g tkuuk dkQ+h gS fd og ,d ,sls le; esa vfLrRo esa vkbZ tc bLyke vkSj eqlyekuksa ij lcls cM+h eqlhcr vkbZ vkSj tc fgUnqLrku ds nks cM+h d+kSesa vFkkZr~ fgUnw&eqlyekuksa us ns'k dh Lora=rk ds fy, lfEEkfyr iz;kl vkjaHk fd, FksA bl gSfl;r ls tkfe;k tgk¡ bLykfe;k gS nwljh rjQ+ fefYy;k Hkh gSA og vius vanj ,d vksj bLykeh ijaijk vkSj f'k{kk dks thfor djsxh vkSj blh ds lkFk nwljh vksj la;qDr jk”Vªh;rk ds fuekZ.k vkSj ns'k dh Lora=rk ds fy, iz;kljr jgsxhA tkfe;k fefYy;k dk mís'; blls vf/kd Li"V dqN ugha gks ldrkA nwljh pht+sa tSls tSls ,d gh izdkj dh Vksih] ,d jax ds diM+s iguuk flQZ+ bl mís'; dks QSykus vkSj izdV djus okys gksaxsA tgk¡ f'k{kdksa ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d jax esa jaxus dk nkf;Ro gS ogk¡] dkfyt ds yM+dksa ij Hkh ,d jax esa vklkuh ls jax tkus dk drZO; ykxw gksrk gSA tkfe;k ds vf/kdka'k f'k{kd vHkh dy rd tkfe;k ds fo|kFkhZ Fks vkSj vkt os blds f'k{kdksa esa fxus tkrs gSaA eSa LOk;a Hkh blls dqN o"kZ igys tkfe;k dk fo|kFkhZ FkkA esjk uke tkfe;k ds jftLVjksa esa ekStwn gSA vkt eSa bldk midqyifr gw¡A rks D;k blls dqN varj mRiUu gks x;k\ dy dks cgqr laHko gS fd bUgha dkfyt ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls dksbZ f'k{kk çkIr dj tkfe;k ds f'k{kd gksA blfy, tkfe;k ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ij Hkh dqN de ft+Eesnkjh ugha gSA os enjls ds nwljs NksVs yM+dksa ds fy, vkn'kZ gSaA bUgha dks ns[kdj os Hkh jax idM+rs gSaA blfy, cM+s fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Hkh pkfg, fd os viuh çR;sd xfrfof/k dk /;ku j[ksa vkSj vius drZO; dks gj gj d+ne ij eglwl djsaA** dbZ o"kZ dh [+kkeks'kh ds ckn xka/kh th 12 ekpZ 1930 dks viuk lfou; voKk vkanksyu 'kq: djus ds fy, leqæ fdukjs nk.Mh dh vksj izLFkku fd;k ftlls Lora=rk vkanksyu esa tku iM+ tk,A ns'k esa tc dksbZ egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk gksrh gS rks tkfe;k ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mlls voxr djkus vkSj Å¡p&uhp le>kus ds fy, lEesyu gksrk gSA ;g Hkh lkspk tkrk gS fd tkfe;k ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk blls fdruk laca/k gS vkSj os blds fy, D;k dj ldrs gSaA Bhd mlh rkjh[+k dks tkfe;k esa ;g lEesyu gqvkA vius&vius fopkj çLrqr djus dh lHkh dks Lora=rk gksrh gSA ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa dh rjg jksd ugha gksrh FkhA bl lEesyu esa igys yM+dksa us 74

mRlkg ds lkFk Hkk"k.k fn,A jk”Vªh; fopkjksa dk çn'kZu ftl izdkj gks ldk] fd;kA f'k{kdksa ds Hkk"k.k ds i'pkr dqyifr Mk- t+kfdj lkgc us dgk& ^^vc rd fgUnqLrku esa ftruh jktuhfrd xfrfof/k;k¡ gqbaZ os vf/kdka'k 'kgj ls lacaf/kr FkhaA ;g lcls igys 1920 esa gqvk] fd xka/kh th us tc ,d ,slk vkanksyu vkjaHk fd;k tks fgUnqLrku dh okLrfod vkcknh vFkkZr~ nsgkr ds yksxksa ls laca/k j[krk FkkA ysfdu la;ksx Fkk fd mlh le; vR;kpkjxzLr iatkc vkSj f[+kykQ+r vkanksyuksa dk t+ksj vkjaHk gks x;kA bl çdkj og vkanksyu vius okLrfod :i esa u vk ldk vkSj fgUnqLrku dh lHkh 'kfDr;k¡ bUgha ek¡xksa dks euokus esa [kpZ gks x;hA blfy, ;g vkanksyu iwjh rjg lQy u gks ldkA ns'k esa dbZ o"kksaZ rd ,d fc[kjko vkSj vyxko dk okrkoj.k jgkA bl nkSjku fgUnqLrku us tks lcls cM+h x+yrh dh og lafo/kku cukus dk ç;kl FkkA vkt ls dqN o"kZ iwoZ vaxzst+ ykMZ cdZu gSV us O;aX; fd;k Fkk fd fgUnqLrku ds yksx viuk ,d loZlEEkr lafo/kku Hkh ugha cuk ldrsA cl D;k Fkk] bl O;aX; ls gekjs jktuhfrd HkM+d mBs vkSj ^usg: desVh fjiksVZ* ds uke ls ,d cqfu;knh lafo/kku cukdj çLrqr dj fn;kA ysfdu bldk tks gky gqvk og LokHkkfod FkkA jktuSfrd 'kfDr;k¡ çkIr djus ds iwoZ lafo/kku Lohdkj djkus dk ç;kl vlQy ç;kl FkkA cgjgky vc iwjs nl o"kksaZ ckn og vkokt+ vc vius okLrfod jax esa izdV gks jgh gSA tgk¡ rd tkfe;k ds bl vkanksyu esa Hkkx ysus dk laca/k gS] eSa bl ckr dks Li"V dj nsuk pkgrk gw¡ fd tkfe;k rks Lo;a vkt+knh dh tax ds fy, flikgh rS;kj dj jgh gSA mfpr f'k{kk Lo;a lcls egRoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA tkfe;k dh ;g NksVh lh Vksyh bl ,d dk;Z esa yxh gqbZ gSA vc bls fdlh vksj eksM+us dh vko';drk ughaA ysfdu fofHkUu fopkjksa dk fofHkUu yksxksa ij fofHkUu çHkko iM+rk gSA ;g gks ldrk gS vkSj eSa tkurk gw¡ fd gekjs dqN lkFkh bl jktuSfrd vkanksyu esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, O;kdqy gksaxsA os viuh lsok&Hkkouk dh loksZÙke vfHkO;fDr 'kk;n bl çdkj dj ldrs gksa fd mUgsa vfuok;Z :i ls bl vkanksyu esa Hkkx ysuk pkfg,A ysfdu pw¡fd mu ij tkfe;k dh lsok dk nkf;Ro çFke gS blfy, mUgsa tkfe;k ls vuqefr ys ysuh pkfg, rkfd tkfe;k igys vius dk;Z dk çca/k dj ldsA** jk”Vªh; lIrkg ds dk;Z esa vc rd nks ifjorZuksa dk ft+Ø vk;k gSA rhljk ifjorZu ;g Fkk fd bl o"kZ tkfe;k us ,d d+ne vkSj vkxs crk gw¡ fd gekjs fy, ;g Hkh i;kZIr ughaA ge Hkk"k.kksa ls Hkkoukvksa dks txk ldrs gSa] {kf.kd ifj.kke çkIr dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu gekjs fy, ;g dc i;kZIr gksxk fd ge ,d ckj mRlkg esa vkdj viuh Lora=rk çkIr djsaA Lora=rk dks ikuk dfBu gS ysfdu mls cuk, j[kuk vkSj Hkh dfBuA ;g Hkh ;kn j[kks fd vkt+knh mlh dks feyrh gS vkSj mlh gn rd feyrh gS ftl gn rd dksbZ O;fDr ;k lewg mls cuk, j[k ldsA Lora=rk ,d ckj çkIr ugha gksrh] ;g çfrfnu çkIr djus dh pht+ gS] vkSj blds fy, {kf.kd mRlkg ;k Hkkouk dkjxj ugha gksrh cfYd LFkk;h LoHkko dh vko';drk gS vFkkZr~ vPNs O;ogkj dhA vPNh vknrsa vH;kl ls mRiUu gksrh gSaA esjh bPNk gS fd bl jk”Vªh; lIrkg dh ;kn rqe bl çdkj eukvks fd vius vanj d+kSe vkSj vius ns'k dh lPph lsok ds mRlkg dks {kf.kd vkSj vLFkkbZ mcky esa [+kpZ u djks] cfYd bls ,d LFkkbZ vknr ds :i eas vius O;ogkj esa esgur ifjJe ls bl çdkj viuk yks fd og rqEgkjh nwljh vknr cu tk,A ftl ns'k esa gt+kjksa ugha yk[kksa] yk[kksa ugha djksM+ksa ekuo egkekjh esa ePNj o eD[kh dh rjg ej tkrs gSa vkSj dksbZ ugha tks mUgsa lQ+kbZ vkSj LokLF; ds ckjs esa fl[kk,A vkSj ftl ns'k esa djksM+ksa balku nqfu;k ls ,d ckj HkjisV [kkuk [kk, fcuk pys tkrs gSa] dksbZ ugha tks budh x+jhch vkSj csdkjh esa budks lgkjk nsA ogk¡ lPph lsok ds voljksa dh D;k deh gS\ tkfe;k esa vc rd ftl çdkj jk”Vªh; lIrkg euk;k tkrk Fkk mlesa ;g bPNk loksZifj Fkh fd lc dk;Z djus okyksa dks ln~Hkko dk ikB fn;k tk,A ysfdu o"kZ esa ,d ckj ,slk djus ls ge lc viuh vkRek dks /kks[kk ns ysrs FksA blfy, eq>s cM+h [+kq'kh gqbZ tc fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds izfrfuf/k vCnqy djhe [+kku lkgc us esjk bl vksj /;ku fnyk;k fd ,slk djuk O;FkZ gS vkSj fn[kkok gSA eSaus viuh x+yrh dks eku fy;k gS vkSj dqN f’k{kdksa dh lykg ls bl o"kZ ds fy, eSaus dgk fd ge vkt ls djksy 77

ckx+ ds fy, nks dk;Z vkjaHk djsaA djksy ckx+ esa LoPNrk vkSj ogk¡ ds yksxksa dks LokLF; laca/kh fl)karksa ls voxr djkuk vkSj ;gk¡ ds fu/kZu vkSj csjkst+xkj yksxksa dks dke miyC/k djkukA ;s dk;Z vkius vkt vkjaHk fd, gSa vkSj lqcg ls ftl çdkj vkius buesa leiZ.k dk izek.k fn;k gS] bl ij eSa vki lcdks c/kkbZ nsrk gw¡A eq>s vk'kk gS fd vki iwjs o"kZ bu dk;ksaZ dks tkjh j[ksaxsA f'k{kd vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls tks yksx blesa Hkkx ysuk pkgsa] os d`ik djds eq>s ,d lIrkg ds vanj&vanj lwfpr nsa fd os bu dk;ksaZ ds fy, eghus esa fdrus ?kaVs [+kpZ dj ldsaxsA tkfe;k us ftl fuekZ.k dk;Z dk nkf;Ro fy;k gS mls deZBrk ls iwjk djuk gekjk drZO; gS] tks iwjk fd;k tk,xkA ysfdu tkfe;k ds tks yksx viuh vkLFkk vkSj fo'okl ds vk/kkj ij ;g le>rs gSa fd mUgsa jktuSfrd yM+kbZ esa Hkkx ysuk pkfg,] os tkfe;k ls vyx gksdj blesa Hkkx ys ldrs gSaA cfYd Lo;a 'kQ+hd+ lkgc us bl lg`n;rk ds dkj.k tks mudh fo’ks”krk gS] ;gh jkLrk lq>k;k gSA os tkurs gaS fd os tkfe;k ds f'k{k.k dk;Z vkSj ns'k ds jktuSfrd dk;ksaZ dks lkFk&lkFk ugha dj ldrsA blfy, mUgksaus tkfe;k ls vyx gksdj bl dk;Z dks djus dk ladYi fy;k gSA eq>s fo'okl gS fd tks O;fDr 'kQ+hd+ lkgc dks tkurk gS mls fo'okl gksxk fd os tks dqN djsaxs lR;] izse] lnsPNk ds lkFk djsaxs vkSj vius dk;ksaZ ls viuh ekr`Hkwfe dk uke vkSj mldh çflf) esa pkj pk¡n yxk,¡xsA eq>s tkfe;k ds lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls ;gh mEehn gS fd os thou ds fdlh Hkh eksM+ ij gksa] jktuhfr ds fdlh Hkh xqV ls mudk laca/k gks] os viuh d+kSe ds fgrksa dks viuh O;fDrx izflf) vFkok ;'k ij izkFkfedrk nsaxs vkSj tkfe;k dh f'k{kk dk vPNk vkn’kZ nqfu;k ds le{k çLrqr djsaxsA vxj tkfe;k dk dksbZ fo|kFkhZ xksyest+ lEesyu esa ljdkj ls le>kSrs dh ckr djus tk, rks ml ij] mldh uh;r dh ifo=rk] mldh vLi`grk vkSj vkReh;rk ij lcdks mruk gh fo'okl gks ftruk 'kQ+hd+ lkgc ds O;fDrRo vkSj R;kx ij gSA var esa 'kQ+hd+ lkgc dks c/kkbZ nsrk gw¡ fd os vius fo'okl vkSj vkLFkk dk eku vius dk;ksaZ ls djrs gSa vkSj mlesa vius vkjke dk /;ku ugha j[krsA bZ'oj mUgsa muds y{; dks ikus esa lQyrk nsA** lfou; voKk vkanksyu esa Hkkx ysus ds laca/k esa tkfe;k ds tks f'k{kd vkSj fo|kFkhZ tsy x, Fks muds uke ;s gSa& 1- gkfQ+t+ vgen lkgc] f'k{kd vkSj ys[kkijh{kd] 2- nsonkl xka/kh ¼f'k{kd½] 3- 'kQ+hdq+jZgeku fd+nobZ ¼f'k{kd½ 4- gqlSu gLlku lkgc ¼fo|kFkhZ½ ] 5- dud paæ Msdk ¼fo|kFkhZ½] 6- —".kk uk;j ¼fo|kFkhZ½ iwoZ Nk= la?k dk xBu vyhxko ls 4 Qjojh 78

1930 dks bldk iquxZBu gqvkA iwoZ lfpo tukc cjdr vyh lkgc ds Hkk"k.k ds i'pkr mijksDr vatqeu] tks vrhr vkSj orZeku ij vk/kkfjr Fkh] tukc lbZn valkjh lkgc ds izlrko ls fuEufyf[kr yksxksa dk p;u gqvk& inkf/kdkjh% 1- tukc Mk- ;wlqQ+ gqlSu [+kk¡ lkgc] v/;{k 2- tukc gkfen vyh [+kk¡ lkgc] mik/;{k 3- tukc Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu lkgc] dqyifr] dks"kk/;{k fnYyh esa jgus okys dk;ZdrkZ esa ls 5 vkSj fnYyh ls ckgj jgus okyksa esa ls 4 dk;ZdrkZvksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA tkfe;k ds ,d fo|kFkhZ eqgEen ljoj lkgc tkfe;k ls vjch dh vafre mikf/k ysdj mPp f'k{kk ds fy, felz x, rks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ,d lHkk esa ljoj lkgc dks lacksf/kr dj ds t+kfdj lkgc us dgk& ^^ljoj lkgc! ;g iqLrd eSa vkidks viuh vksj ls migkj ds :i esa ns jgk gw¡A ftls iafM;k¡ yxk nh xbZaA igyh ckj bl t+ehu ij pk; ihus esa cgqr vkuan vk;kA tkfe;k ds f'k{kd tks lnSo dfBukb;ksa esa jgs Fks] mUgsa 110

,slk yx jgk Fkk tSls Lkius ns[k jgs gksaA t+ehu [+kjhn yh xbZA ;gk¡ pk; gks jgh gS! Lkkfd+c y[kuoh dbZ lky ls tkfe;k ds eq'kk;jksa esa ‘kkfey gksus ds dkj.k ;gk¡ ds f'k{kdksa ds LoHkko ls ifjfpr gks x, FksA laHkor% blh çHkko us muls ;g ‘ks*j blh yxg dgyok;k&

edk¡ euve dk lksus ls ;k [+kwus&fny ls curk gS] [+klks&[+kk'kkd dk ;s ?kj cM+h eqf'dy ls curk gSA Ekx+fjc ds ckn ykSVs] [kk;k fi;k] jkr dks tyls esa Hkkx fy;k] ftlesa ekSykuk vgen lbZn lkgc us crk;k fd ^^eqlyekuksa dh HkykbZ et+gc dh ckrksa ij ikcan jgus ls gSA** edrck dh gkyr Hkh igys tSlh gh Fkh tSls 1930 bZ- ls igys NksVh d{kkvksa dhA nks&pkj vkus dh eat+wjh ds fy, tkfe;k dk;kZy; ls vuqefr ysuh iM+rh FkhA gkfen vyh [+kk¡ lkgc ejgwe us 1926 bZ- esa tkfe;k ls ch-,- dh ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ djus ds ckn igys rks viuk xqt+kjk V~;w'ku is mEehn gS fd Hkfo”; esa ns'k esa bldk vuqdj.k fd;k tk,xkA** çks- ,- ts- dsykV lkgc ds ç;kl ls LiksV~Zl dk çn'kZu ,d&nwljs ls crs yxs FksA mudh le>&cw>] fparu] vkSj leiZ.k us cgqr ls yksxksa dks eksfgr fd;k ysfdu muds çse vkSj lgkuqHkwfr us dgha vf/kd yksxksa ij viuk tknw pyk;kA ml le; mu lcdh –f"V esa mudh çseHkjh vk¡[ksa] mudk eqLdjkrk gqvk psgjk jgk gksxk vkSj muds çse dh ;kn ls ân; esa jg jg dj nnZ mBrk gksxkA fQj lksfp, fd bl ?kVuk ls mu yksxksa ds fny ij dSlh pksV yxh gksxh tks Mk- lkgc ds [+kkunku ;k tkfe;k fefYy;k ds cPpksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dh rjg fo'ks"k :i ls muds Nk¡o esa jgrs FksA ekSr rks lcdks vkrh gS ysfdu Mk- lkgc rks vHkh NIiu ¼56½ o"kZ ds FksA muds fy, rks og le; vk jgk Fkk fd vius gkFk ls yxk;s gq, ikS/kksa dks Qyrs&Qwyrs ns[krs vkSj tc og u feVus okyk {k.k vkrk rks mUgsa dqN mins'k] dqN ulhgr djds larqf"V ls vk¡[ks ew¡n ysrsA fQj ;g lc bZ'oj dks Lohdkj ugha Fkk vkSj gksrk rks ogh gS tks mls Lohdkj gksA og vdsys pys x, vkSj gesa vdsyk NksM+ x;sA Mk- lkgc iwjs thou esa lp iwfN;s rks muds [+kkunku dh ijaijkvksa dk jax >ydrk FkkA Mk- lkgc ejgwe ds xk¡o ;wlqQ+iqj ds valkj gt+jr v¸;wc valkjh dh larku gSaA ftuds ?kj esa eDds ls enhuk fgtjr djus okys d+kfQ+ys dk ljnkj #dk FkkA ml le; tc fojks/kh ml lR; dh iqdkj dks vius 'kksj ls nck nsuk pkgrs Fks vkSj mlds f'k{kk ds nhid dks viuh Qwadks ls cq>k nsuk pkgrs Fks ijarq ftldh yydkj ls lksrh nqfu;k pkSad mBh vkSj nq[kh ekuork us cgqr vkjke ik;kA mlh le; ls lPpkbZ dk lg;ksx] vfrfFklRdkj] nku'khyrk bl [+kkunku dk fgLlk jgk gSA Mk- lkgc dk tUe 1880 bZ- esa gqvk rks mudk [+kkunku foifÙk;ksa esa Q¡lk gqvk FkkA ysfdu ckY;koLFkk ls gh muds LoHkko esa Js"Brk ds y{k.k fn[kk;h ns jgs FksA 1887 bZ- ls tc mUgksaus vius xk¡o dk ehfMy Ldwy NksM+k ml le; rd tc og bafXyLrku esa f'k{kk dh lekfIr ds ckn fgUnqLrku okil vk, vius ifjJe vkSj yxu ls lnSo Nk=o`fÙk vftZr djrs jgs vkSj mu Nk=o`fÙk;ksa ls çk;% Nqi&Nqi dj vius fdlh fç; dks f'k{kk fnykrs jgsA lQyrk ds lkFk&lkFk mudh ;g dY;k.kdkjh #fp Hkh cesa lkeF;Z ugha gSA og vius yM+diu esa vc fdl ls :Bsaxs vkSj dkSu mUgsa vkdj ekuk,xkA gk¡ dksbZ 131

ugha] fdUrq ml nq[kh ân; dk nq[k gesa Lej.k jgsxk vkSj ge esa dqN gS rks ge ls dqN djk;sxk HkhA gekjk dke vkxs cs fo'okl gS fd vxj rqe ml ij ikcan gq, rks rqEgkjk fnekx gj çdkj ls mUufr dj ik;sxk vkSj rqe cM+s gksdj vPNs vkneh cuksxsA rqEgkjs pfj= ij ,sls insZ ugha iM+asxs tks mldh okLrfodrk dks Nqik;sA og f'k{kk ;g gS fd rqe vdsys gks ;k vkSj nks ds lkFk] vius dejs esa gks ;k ikB'kkyk eas ;k [ksy ds eSnku esa gj txg vkSj ges’kk og djks tks okLro esa rqEgkjk eu pkgrk gSA viuh okLrfod fnyh bPNkvksa dks nckvksa erA nwljksa ls Mj dj ;k nwljksa dks çlUu djus ds fy, nwljksa dk vuk;kl vuqdj.k u djksA Lo;a viuh bPNk ls dke djksA ,slk djksxs rks rqEgkjk fnekx] rqEgkjk vkpj.k] rqEgkjk 'kjhj lc dk lc ,slk vPNk :i /kkj.k djsxk ftl ds ikus dk lkeF;Z o 'kfDr mu esa j[kh x;h gSA ;g fuf'pr gks x;k Fkk fd vxLr ls tkfe;k dh izkFkfed ikB'kkyk vks[kyk ds u;s Hkou esa LFkkukarfjr dj nh tk;sxhA Hkou vHkh iw.kZ ugha Fkk fdarq lcdk ;g er Fkk fd LFkkukarfjr gks tkuk pkfg,A fdjk;s ds Hkou esa jgrs jgrs Åc x;s FksA fQj fdjk;s ds uke ij ,d mfpr jkf'k çR;sd ekg nsuh iM+rh FkhA vks[kys esa tks Hkou cu jgk Fkk og okLro esa ;kstuk ds vuqlkj izkFkfEkd ikB'kkyk dk ,d 'kS{kf.kd Hkou gS ftlesa ipgÙkj ¼75½ yM+ds cgqr vklkuh rFkk vkjke ls jg ldrs gSaA blfy, bl ,d Hkou esa izkFkfEkd ikB'kkyk dk lfEefyr gksuk dfBu Fkk fdUrq ekufp= dh cukoV vkSj ykWch ,slh gS fd vko';drk iM+us ij mlls nksxqus yM+ds ;kuh saxs fd rqeus brus fnu ;gk¡ csdkj gh dkVsA eq>s mEehn gS fd rqe vius yksxksa dks ek;wl u djksxsA rqEgkjs f'k{kdksa dh esgur dk Hkh lcls cM+k buke ;gh gS fd vius ?kj ij tkdj lkfcr dj ldks fd rqe igys ls csgrj Nk= cudj vk, gksA rqeus bl enjls esa lkQ+ jgus dk lcd lh[kk gSA ?kj ij Hkh lkQ+ jgukA rqeus ;gk¡ le; ij mBus] le; ij lksus dkus] le; ij dke djus] le; ij uekt+ ixM+ dj ;g u lkfcr djuk fd rqe ;gk¡ ls fudyrs gh bl lcd+ dks Hkwy x,A rqeus ;gk¡ vius cM+ksa dk lEeku djuk lh[kk gSA ?kj ij vius cM+ksa vkSj vfHkHkkodksa dk blh çdkj lEeku djukA vxj rqe ;g lc lcd+ ;kn j[kksxs rks tkfe;k ds vPNs cPps le>s tkvksxsA rqEgkjs enjls dk lEeku ck nsrs gSaA ;g Nk= vfrfFk;ksa ls Mjrs ugha gSa vfirq mudk lEeku djrs gSaA ^^vPNk lkgct+kns! ;g nhokj ij yxs gq, pkVZ dSls gSa\** lqySeku e'kgwn pkVZ ds ut+nhd tkdj pkVZ fn[kkrs gq, dgus yxsA ^^nsf[k, bl pkVZ ds rhu fgLls gSaA gj ,d fgLlk dkih ds cjkcj gSA ,d fgLls esa Åij fy[kk gS&^^mnwZ beyk** nwljs esa fy[kk ^^gekjs et+ewu** rhljs esa fy[kk gS ^^fglkc**A gj eghus ds var esa bu rhuksa pht+ksa dk dke uewus ds :i esa yxk fn;k 139

tkrk gSA gesa blls irk pyrk gS fd ge vxLr esa dSls FksA flrEcj esa dSls jgsA vc D;k gky gSA ;g nsf[k, vxLr esa orZuh dh cgqr lkjh v'kqf);k¡ gksrh Fkha exj vc cgqr de gksrh gSaA ;g jgk esjk igyk ys[k vkSj ;g jgk bl eghus dk vkSj ;g xf.kr nsf[k,A vxLr dk dke ns[kdj eq>s vc Hkh g¡lh vkrh gSA** bl o"kZ dh fujh{k.k lfefr us ftlesa [+oktk xqykeqLlS;nSu lkgc] [+oktk vCnqygbZ lkgc] çksQ+slj eqgEen vfdy lkgc vkSj MkDVj lS;n vkfcn gqlSu lkgc 'kkfey FksA bl çdkj ds dke dks ilan fd;kA blh o"kZ ^^eqgEen vyh VªkQ+h** esa ;g ifjorZu gqvk fd ys[ku vkSj Hkk"k.k ds vfrfjDr 'kkjhfjd ØhM+kvksa dh çfr;ksfxrk dks Hkh 'kkfey dj fy;k x;kA bl ifjorZu ds fy, enjlk ds O;oLFkkidksa us vCnqyxQw+j lkgc dks pqukA ;g pquko mfpr gh FkkA ik;k fd fglkc fdl rjg j[kk tkrk gSA vkids ckn c'khj vgen lkgc valkjh us cSad ds miys[kkf/kdkjh ds :i esa dke fd;kA 143

MkDVj valkjh lkgc ds fu/ku ij vatqeu tkfe;k fefYy;k bLykfe;k us vius ,d lekjksg esa tks 23 ebZ 1937 dks gqvk mlesa tukc vCnqyethn [+oktk dks tkfe;k dk dqykf/kifr fu;qDr fd;kA tkfe;k tc rd djksy ckx es FkhA frfCc;k dkyst ds MkDVj vkSj gdhe tkfe;k deZpkfj;ksa vkSj Nk=ksa dh ns[kHkky djrs FksA muesa MkDVj vCckl] MkDVj ‘kekZ] MkDVj t+Q+j;kc] MkDVj eqgEen vyh] gdhe Q+jhn vgen lkgc çeq[k gSaA tkfe;k uxj esa LFkkukarfjr gksus ds ckn MkDVj 'kekZ lkgc us viuk mÙkjkf/kdkjh ,d ,sls O;fDr dks cuk;k ftlus viuh egkjr vkSj ftankfnyh ls tkfe;k esa yksdfç;rk çkIr dj yhA ;s gSa MkDVj cgknqjA ckn esa dqN vkSj ifjorZu gq, ysfdu MkDVj lkgc fQj vius nksLrksa esa vk feysA ,d fnu vki dgus yxs] tkfe;k dh lkslk;Vh esa tks eqgCcr eSa ikrk gw¡] ;g nwljh txg de feysxkA ekpZ 1935 bZ- esa tc tkfe;k dk f'kykU;kl gqvk rks ml le; I;kjs yky 'kekZ ,.M lal ds eSusftax MkbjsDVj j?kquUnu lju us ?kks"k.kk dh Fkh fd tkfe;k ds ;gk¡ LFkkukarfjr gksus ij ^^v'kQhZ nsoh VªLV** dh vksj ls tkfe;k dks ykjh nh tk,xhA blh o"kZ ;g oknk iwjk gqvkA ;g ykjh Mªkboj Q+jhn vgen ds gokys dh xbZA bl o"kZ ds var rd pank nsus okys leFkZdksa dh la[;k ik¡p gt+kj vkSj pans dh bl o"kZ dh iwj jkf'k 25 gt+kj #i;s gks xbZ FkhA n¶+rj fgek;rh lewg vkSj pank olwy djus okyksa ds [+kpksZ dks blh jkf'k ls iwjk fd;k tkrk FkkA

vBkjgok¡ lky ¼vxLr 1937 bZ- ls tqykbZ 1938 bZ-½ çkFkfed enjls esa bl o"kZ dh u;h pht+ lkykuk fjiksVksaZ dk ,d u;s nkj cPpksa us tkfe;k ds laLFkkidksa dh ifjfLFk;k¡ lquh vkSj le>us dk ç;kl fd;kA çkFkfed rhu esa blls dqN vf/kd dke gqvkA tkfe;k dh iqLrdsa vkSj if=dk,¡ dks tks Nk=ksa ds fy, çdkf'kr gqbZ gSa ns[kk] dqN dgkfu;k¡ i vkSj cpr dh vknr ls bl fo|ky; dks vkRefuHkZj cukdj NksM+kA vkids bl ç;kl ls tkfe;k dh lqn`ks ij tc djks vkx+kt+ dksbZ dke cM+k gj lk¡l dks mezs&tkfonkuh le>ksA eqgEen eqthc lkgc ds Hkk"k.k dk ,d va'k m)`r gS& ^^tkfe;k okys ,d NksVk lewg gSa ijarq lewg dh lkjh esgur vkSj lkjk dke csdkj tk,xk vxj og vius leqnk; esa foyhu gksdj vius mís'; dks fgUnqLrku ds eqlyekuksa dk mís'; u cuk ldhA vkxs dgrs gSa&vkSj dgha ge ;g u Hkwy tk,¡ fd bekjr dke ds fy, curh gS vkSj gesa viuk dke bl rjg ck tk,xkA blfy, geus ;g r; dj fy;k fd Lo;a dks vkSj viuh nqfu;k dks vkt+ek,axs] ft+Unxh vkSj esgur dks ,d ç;ksx ij O;; djsaxsA** 157

blh lky ,d ekpZ dks ^^vatqeu&rksyck,&d+nhe** ¼HkwriwoZ Nk= lfefr½ ds Hkou dk f'kykU;kl fd;k x;kA t+kfdj lkgc tkfe;k ds iqjkus vkSj lcls igys Nk= gSaA vkius f'kykU;kl djrs gq, HkhM+ dks lacksf/kr fd;k&^^tc Hkh tkfe;k esa fdlh u;s Hkou dk f'kykU;kl fd;k tkrk gS rks esjk fny FkjFkjkrk gSA ,sls volj dk ykHk mBkdj eSa tkfe;k okyksa dks ;kn fnykrk gw¡ fd Hkouksa dh o`f) fdlh laLFkku ds fy, xoZ dh oLrq ugha gSA çk;% Hkou ;k rks edcjk fl) gksrh gS ;k dS+n[+kkukA vxj Hkou gh ,d ek= mís'; cu tk, rks og tsy[+kkuk gS ftuls gkSlys] meaxksa vkSj tks'k dks fudyus dh jkg ugha feyrhA tkfe;k ds çFke Hkou dk f'kykU;kl djrs le; eSaus ;g dgk Fkk fd dgha ge yksx HkO; vkSj xxupqEch Hkouksa esa cSBdj vius mís'; dks u Hkwy tk,¡A vxj ge ,slk djsa rks vkus okyh ihfs ¼vCnqyx+¶+Q+kj engksyh½ milfpo vkSj cæqyglu lkgc dks dks"kk/;{k cuk;k x;kA vc Nk=ksa dh fnypfLi;ksa ij ,d utj MkysaA çkFkfed enjls esa ,d uohurk ns[kus esa vkbZ fd Nk=kokl esa jgus okys Nk= gj tqes dks lqcg dh uekt+ ds ckn gh eqgEen vyh gkWy esa mifLFkr jgrsA gEn] uT+esa vkSj rjkus gksrsA çkr% dky ds vuq:i dqN ,sls rjkus Hkh gksrs tks lksus okys cPpksa dks gkWy dh vkSj [khap ykrsA ;gk¡ dh mifLFkfr vko';d ugha FkhA dsoy #fp dh ckr FkhA dgus esa ;g ckr NksVh ekywe gksrh gS exj bldh ;kn iqjkus Nk=ksa ds fny esa ?kj djus okyh FkhA bZn ij gksVy çkstsDV pykus dk flyflyk Hkh blh lky ls vkjaHk gqvkA bl çdkj ds dkeksa dh 'kq#vkr pkS/kjh eqgEen vyh lkgc us dh ftUgsa bl dke dh vPNh Vªsfuax gSA pw¡fd jet+ku dk eghuk FkkA bZn vkus okyh FkhA bl volj dk ykHk mBkrs gq, rkyheh edZt+ la[;k ,d esa lk>k dqjku çkstsDV pyk;k x;kA igyh d{kk esa dqjku ds ckjs esa ,d ,d ckr crkbZ xbZ] tSls ;g dqjku gS] ;g vYykg dh fdrkc gS] blesa cgqr lh lh[k gS vkfnA nwljh d{kk esa dqjku ls m)`r dh gqbZ rhu dgkfu;k¡ lqukbZ vkSj fy[kkbZ xbZaA dqjku ij ,d uT+e Hkh ik vkSj fy[kkA dqjkuh vk;kr ds fy, vyx&vyx fMt+kbu rS;kj fd,A pkSFkh d{kk ds ikl dkx+t+ cukus dk çkstsDV FkkA bl u;s 158

çkstsDV ls mldk laca/k LFkkfir djrs gq, cPpksa us bl ckr dh [kkst dh fd dqjku ds /kjrh ij vkus ls ysdj bl le; rd dqjku fdu fdu pht+ksa ij fy[kk x;kA bl çdkj dh pht+sa ,d= Hkh dh xbZa fd bu ij fy[kkbZ fdl çdkj gks ldrh gSaA tSls isM+ ds iÙks] ydM+h] gìh] iRFkj] fo'ks"k çdkj ds dkx+t+A lekjksg dh ltkoV ds fy, dkx+t+ dh pht+sa Hkh rS;kj dhA ik¡poh d{kk esa dqN fo"k;ksa ds vfrfjDr dqjku xSj eqfLyeksa dh ut+j esa] dqjku ds laLdkj] dqjku ds vuqokn fdu fdu Hkk"kkvksa esa gq,A bl d{kk dk fo'ks"k dke ,sls uD+'ks cukuk Fkk ftlesa ;g fn[kk;k x;k gks fd dqjku dh f'k{kk fdl t+ekus esa fdu&fdu ns'kksa esa igq¡phA NBh d{kk ds ikl ckx+ckuh dk çkstsDV FkkA bl dke ds vuq:i cPpksa us mu vk;rksa dk p;u fd;k ftuesa ikuh] ugj] cx+hps] unh] ckfj'k] fctyh] ikS/ks] Qy] vukt] [ksrh dk o.kZu gksA bl çdkj Nk=ksa eas iwjs dqjku dk vuqokn i, fd ,d dqfV;k ds rhu fgLls djds blesa rksrs] eSuk] Q+k[+rk] yky] [+kjxks'k ds fy, txg fudky yh xbZ 168

FkhA dcwrjksa dk dkcqd vyx FkkA cÙk[+kksa ds rSjus ds fy, NksVk lk gkSt+ cuk fn;k x;k FkkA bldh ns[kHkky ds fy, dqN yksx fu;qDr Fks ysfdu c'khj vgen lkgc teknkj Hkh blls foeq[k ugha jgrs gSaA LdkmfVax dh O;oLFkk eqgEen mej lkgc ds gokys gqbZA vkidh ft+Unkfnyh vkSj vkReh;rk e'kgwj FkhA vkidh enn ds fy, jktk ut+hj vgen lkgc tSls iw.kZdkfyd Lo;alsoh f'k{kd FksA rhljk dke ;kuh cPpksa dk v[+kckj esjs gokys fd;k x;kA ;g ikf{kd fHkÙkh lekpkj i= FkkA fof/kor :i ls bldk Hkh lky Hkj dk çksxzke cuk fy;k x;k FkkA bl çksxzke dh cM+h fo'ks"krk ;g Fkh fd enjls dh fnypfLi;k¡ ekSle ds ifjorZu] R;kSgkjksa ds vuqlkj gj eghus ,d u, vankt+ esa ;g v[+kckj fudyk djrk Fkk ftlesa cPpksa ls lacaf/kr fo"k;ksa ds vuq:i fp= çdkf'kr gksrs FksA lqys[k dk nkf;Ro ys[kd dk FkkA v[+kckj ds fy, eghus Hkj dk dke lHkh d{kkvksa esa forfjr dj fn;k tkrk FkkA f'k{kd bl dke dks ikB~;Øe dk vax cukdj iwjk djrs FksA 'kS{kf.kd l= vkjaHk gksus ls ysdj lekIr gksus rd ftl Øe ls ;g v[+kckj fudyk gS bldk C;kSjk bl çdkj gS& vxLr dk eghuk 'kq:vkrh dkeksa dh otg ls [+kkyh jgkA flracj esa 1½ cjlkr 2½ LokLF; ykHk vad fudysA vDVwcj esa 3½ lSj likVk vkSj 4½ LFkkiuk fnol fo'ks"kkad uoacj esa 5½ bZn vkSj 6½ nhokyh vad fnlacj vkSj tuojh 7½ lnhZ vkSj 8½ bZnqyvt+gk ¼eqgjZe ds lkFk½ vad fudys Qjojh esa 9½ cgkj vkSj 10½ Mªkek vad ekpZ esa 11½ ehyknqUuch 12½ gksyh vad vçSy esa 13½ jk"Vªh; lIrkg vkSj 14½ xehZ vad ebZ esa 15½ okf"kZdkad fudyk ftlesa lky Hkj ds vPNs ys[kksa vkSj rLohjksa dk p;u FkkA bl o"kZ iqLrdky; Hkh esjs ft+Ees jgkA fuEufyf[kr çksxzke dks fØ;kfUor djus dk ç;kl fd;k x;k& 1½ iksLVjksa ds }kjk iqLrdksa ds ek/;e ls Nk=ksa esa v/;;u dh #fp mRiUu djukA 2½ ubZ iqLrdsa ;k if=dk,¡ iqLrdky; esa vkus ij fnypLi iksLVj çdkf'kr djukA

169

3½ gj ,d f'k{kd vkSj Nk= dk O;fDrxr [kkrk ftlls ;g irk py lds fd lky Hkj esa fdlus fdruh iqLrdsa is ;g ns[kdj cgqr çlUurk gqbZ fd bu dqN eghuksa dh esjh vuqifLFkfr esa tkfe;k ds dkeksa esa dksbZ #dkoV mRiUu ugha gqbZA eq>s fo'okl gS fd vc tkfe;k bruh fLFkj vkSj lqn` ysrs FksA gkLVy uacj 1 vkSj 2 ds ipiu fQ+V yEcs fyaVj ds dke esa ,d cM+h fo’ks”krk ;g gS fd [kM+h bZaVs ukS bap dh pkSM+kbZ esa bl izdkj yxh gSa fd lfj;s dk fu'kku dgha fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA Hkouksa ds dke dh ckjhdh tkuus okys bl fyUVj dks ns[kdj vk'p;Z djrs gSaA feL=h lkgc dgrs gSa fd lu~ 1935 bZ- ls igys ds Hkouksa esa ;g dke dgha fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk lcls igys vki gh us bl , fd ,d dqfV;k ds rhu fgLls djds blesa rksrs] eSuk] Q+k[+rk] yky] [+kjxks'k ds fy, txg fudky yh xbZ FkhA dcwrjksa dk dkcqd vyx FkkA cÙk[+kksa ds rSjus ds fy, NksVk lk gkSt+ cuk fn;k x;k FkkA bldh ns[kHkky ds fy, dqN yksx fu;qDr Fks ysfdu c'khj vgen lkgc teknkj Hkh blls foeq[k ugha jgrs gSaA LdkmfVax dh O;oLFkk eqgEen mej lkgc ds gokys gqbZA vkidh ft+Unkfnyh vkSj vkReh;rk e'kgwj FkhA vkidh enn ds fy, jktk ut+hj vgen lkgc tSls iw.kZdkfyd Lo;alsoh f'k{kd FksA rhljk dke ;kuh cPpksa dk v[+kckj esjs gokys fd;k x;kA ;g ikf{kd fHkÙkh lekpkj i= FkkA fof/kor :i ls bldk Hkh lky Hkj dk çksxzke cuk fy;k x;k FkkA bl çksxzke dh cM+h fo'ks"krk ;g Fkh fd enjls dh fnypfLi;k¡ ekSle ds ifjorZu] R;kSgkjksa ds vuqlkj gj eghus ,d u, vankt+ esa ;g v[+kckj fudyk djrk Fkk ftlesa cPpksa ls lacaf/kr fo"k;ksa ds vuq:i fp= çdkf'kr gksrs FksA lqys[k dk nkf;Ro ys[kd dk FkkA v[+kckj ds fy, eghus Hkj dk dke lHkh d{kkvksa esa forfjr dj fn;k tkrk FkkA f'k{kd bl dke dks ikB~;Øe dk vax cukdj iwjk djrs FksA 'kS{kf.kd l= vkjaHk gksus ls ysdj lekIr gksus rd ftl Øe ls ;g v[+kckj fudyk gS bldk C;kSjk bl çdkj gS& vxLr dk eghuk 'kq:vkrh dkeksa dh otg ls [+kkyh jgkA flracj esa 1½ cjlkr 2½ LokLF; ykHk vad fudysA vDVwcj esa 3½ lSj likVk vkSj 4½ LFkkiuk fnol fo'ks"kkad uoacj esa 5½ bZn vkSj 6½ nhokyh vad fnlacj vkSj tuojh 7½ lnhZ vkSj 8½ bZnqyvt+gk ¼eqgjZe ds lkFk½ vad fudys Qjojh esa 9½ cgkj vkSj 10½ Mªkek vad ekpZ esa 11½ ehyknqUuch 12½ gksyh vad vçSy esa 13½ jk"Vªh; lIrkg vkSj 14½ xehZ vad ebZ esa 15½ okf"kZdkad fudyk ftlesa lky Hkj ds vPNs ys[kksa vkSj rLohjksa dk p;u FkkA 178

bl o"kZ iqLrdky; Hkh esjs ft+Ees jgkA fuEufyf[kr çksxzke dks fØ;kfUor djus dk ç;kl fd;k x;k& 1½ iksLVjksa ds }kjk iqLrdksa ds ek/;e ls Nk=ksa esa v/;;u dh #fp mRiUu djukA 2½ ubZ iqLrdsa ;k if=dk,¡ iqLrdky; esa vkus ij fnypLi iksLVj çdkf'kr djukA 3½ gj ,d f'k{kd vkSj Nk= dk O;fDrxr [kkrk ftlls ;g irk py lds fd lky Hkj esa fdlus fdruh iqLrdsa is ;g ns[kdj cgqr çlUurk gqbZ fd bu dqN eghuksa dh esjh vuqifLFkfr esa tkfe;k ds dkeksa esa dksbZ #dkoV mRiUu ugha gqbZA eq>s fo'okl gS fd vc tkfe;k bruh fLFkj vkSj lqn` ysrs FksA gkLVy uacj 1 vkSj 2 ds ipiu fQ+V yEcs fyaVj ds dke esa ,d cM+h fo’ks”krk ;g gS fd [kM+h bZaVs ukS bap dh pkSM+kbZ esa bl izdkj yxh gSa fd lfj;s dk fu'kku dgha fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA Hkouksa ds dke dh ckjhdh tkuus okys bl fyUVj dks ns[kdj vk'p;Z djrs gSaA feL=h lkgc dgrs gSa fd lu~ 1935 bZ- ls igys ds Hkouksa esa ;g dke dgha fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk lcls igys vki gh us bl dj mUgsa NksM+ fn;k gS blfy, fd os ckj&ckj bl çdkj x+yr yhft, fd gesa LokLF; ls ‘kfDr izkIr djuh gSA ‘kjhj dk LokLF;] ‘kjhj dh ‘kfDr] :g dh lsgr] :g dh rkd+r] fQj mlesa lkSan; mRiUu djuk gSA ‘kjhj dk lkSan;] xq.kksa dk lkSan; fQj mu lHkh pht+ksa esa lQkbZ Hkh ekStwn gksA og lQ+kbZ tks ‘kjhj dks lkQ+ j[krh gS tks :g dks ifo= j[krh gSA eq>s blls T+;knk dqN ugha dguk gSA vxj geus bl lky bu pkj pht+ksa dks gkfly dj fy;k rks le> yks fd geus cgqr dqN dj fy;kA** dbZ ckj ,slk gksrk gS fd foHkkxksa ds dk;ZØeksa dh frfFk;k¡ vkil esa Vdjk tkrh gSA ykjh dk bart+ke djus esa dfBukbZ gksrh gSA bl lky budk gy lkspk x;k fd lHkh laLFkkvksa ls lky Hkj ds çksxzke gkfly djus ds ckn mudk dSysaMj cuk;k x;k fd fdl laLFkk esa dkSu lk lekjksg fdl rkjh[+k dks gksxkA bl dSysaMj dh çfr lacaf/kr foHkkxksa esa forfjr dj nh xbZaA bldk uke 'kS{kf.kd dSysaMj j[kkA ;g ç;ksx dke;kc jgkA lc dke fuf'pr rkjh[+kksa ij gksrs jgsA 187

tc ge foHkkxksa ds dkeksa ij ut+j Mkyrs gSa rks çkFkfed fo|ky; esa Hkh ,d u;h pht+ vkrh gSA ;g gS [kqyh gok dk fo|ky;A bldh laf{kIr fjiksVZ ls ekywe gks tk,xk fd ;g D;k pht+ gSA cPpksa dh f'k{kk nh{kk esa mudh bZ'oj çnÙk {kerkvksa dks mtkxj djus esa mldh fdruh Hkwfedk gSA /khjs&/khjs bl dke us ykHk vkSj jkspdrk dh n`f”V ls bruh rjD+d+h dh fd bldh fxurh fo|ky; ds [+kkl lekjksgksa esa gksus yxhA bl lky dk dke oSls rks vkjafHkd fLFkfr esa gqvk fQj Hkh blds egRo dk ge vuqeku yxk ldrs gSaA [kqyh gok ds enjls ds fy, vks[kys ls 7 ehy nwj ugj ds fdukjs ,d ckx esa Msjs Mkys x, FksA tgk¡ vklikl dbZ xk¡o Fks vkSj jch dh Qly rS;kj FkhA lkr ehy dk ;g lQj yM+dksa us [+kq'kh&[+kq'kh iSny r; fd;kA os yM+ds tks tcju cSyxkM+h esa fcBk fn, x, Fks] jkLrs Hkj ;gh dgrs jgs fd gesa iSny D;ksa ugha pyus fn;kA nksigj dk [kkuk oSls rks ½ ekLVj vCnqygbZ lkgc ¼Øk¶+V f'k{kd½ r½ lS;n vgen vyh lkgc vkt+kn ¼iz/kkuk/;kid rkyheh edZt+½ bl lky tkfe;k uxj esa eysfj;k dk tks çdksi jgk] u igys dHkh ns[kus esa vk;k u ckn esaA çkFkfed fo|ky; us ^eysfj;k ls tax* ds 'kh"kZd ls ,d çkstsDV pyk j[kk FkkA bl lanHkZ esa cPpksa us O;kogkfjd dke ds vfrfjDr fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij tks dke fd;k mldk fooj.k bl çdkj gSA 1½ mnwZ& 199

ePNj dh ft+Unxh] eysfj;k ls cpkoA lsgr vkSj lQkbZ ds fo"k; ij ys[k fy[kok, x, vkSj cqdysV rS;kj djok, x,A Nk=ksa us iqLrdky; ls fdrkcsa ih x;h mlh izdkj ek/;fed fo|ky; ds fy, MkDVj t+kfdj lkgc us O;fDrxr f'k{kk ç.kkyh çpfyr djus dk lq>ko fn;kA NksVs cPpksa dh ekufld fLFkfr ftl çdkj dh gksrh gS muds fy, ;gh O;oLFkk euksoSKkfud :i ls mfpr gS fd muds lkeus tks Hkh 'kSf{kd lkexzh j[kh tk, og fefJr :i esa gks] fo"k;okj u gksA D;ksafd blh izdkj muds efLr"d dk mfpr fodkl gksxkA ysfdu cM+s cPpksa ds ekeys esa tcfd mudh O;fDxr fo'ks"krk vf/kd Li"V fn[kkbZ nsuh yxrh gS vkSj muesa NksVs cPpksa dh vis{kk vf/kd le> fodflr gksus yxrh gS rks muds fy, feyktqyk rjhdk mfpr ugha cfYd fo"k;okj f'k{kk vkjaHk dh tk ldrh gSA bl çdkj NksVs cPpksa dh rjg d{kkuqlkj ugha cfYd O;fDrxr f'k{kk ç.kkyh Lohdkj djuh pkfg,A vejhdk esa ftl çdkj çk;ksfxd f'k{kk i)fr çksQslj dYisfVªd ds usr`Ro esa vfo”d`r gqbZ Fkh] mlh izdkj ;g O;fDrxr f'k{kk ç.kkyh Hkh ,d vejhdh efgyk fel ikdZ gLVZ }kjk vfo”d`r gqbZ gSA bl f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa Øeokj d{kk,¡ ugha gksrh gSa cfYd gj fo"k; ds vyx vyx dejs gksrs gSa] tSls ,d dejk Hkwxksy dk gksxk rks mlesa fofHkUu çdkj ds ,Vyl] uD'ks] ;k=k ls lacaf/kr iqLrd] ns'kksa dh fLFkfr] gj çdkj dh oLrq,¡ miyC/k gksa ftuls cPps dke ys ldsaA bl rjg bfrgkl] mnwZ ;k xf.kr fo"k;ksa ds vyx vyx dejs vko';d lkekxzh ls vkiwfjr gksaxsA ikB~;Øe ds vuqlkj f'k{kk ds ekeys esa Hkh fu/kkZfjr ikB~;iqLrdsa ugha gksaxh cfYd ,d fo"k; ds ikB~;Øe dks fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa ck¡V fn;k tk,xk vkSj gj ,d Hkkx dks ,d Lora= bdkbZ ekuk tk,xkA blfy, dHkh dHkh bl rjhds dks ^bdkbZ fof/k* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA t+kfdj lkgc us ;g ns[kdj fd lbZn valkjh lkgc vHkh vejhdk ls okil vk, gSa vkSj gj çdkj dh f'k{kk i)fr dk mUgksaus ogk¡ jgdj v/;;u fd;k gS ek/;fed fo|ky; esa O;fDrxr f'k{kk ç.kkyh dks çpfyr djus dk ;g dke Hkh muds v/khu fd;kA mLrknksa ds enjls ds dke ds vfrfjDr lbZn valkjh lkgc us igys rks dsoy ,d fo"k; mnwZ esa ;g ç.kkyh çpfyr dh vkSj ek/;fed çFke o”kZ ls vkjaHk fd;kA vkius ek/;fed çFke o”kZ ds ikB~;Øe dks nl Hkkxksa esa ckVk vkSj gj Hkkx 201

dks uewus ds rkSj ij dqN vko';d funsZ'kksa ds lkFk Nk=ksa dks djus ds fy, fn;kA blds lkFk gh vkius vko';d 'kCndks’k] nwljh lanHkZ iqLrdsa vkSj lkekU; v/;;u ds fy, iqLrdsa miyC/k djokbZaA cPpksa us mu funsZ'kksa vkSj ladsrksa dks lkeus j[kdj vkSj mu fdrkcksa dh lgk;rk ls viuk dke vkjaHk fd;kA vkjaHk esa rks f'k{kd vkSj Nk= nksuksa dks leL;k gqbZ ysfdu ckn esa tc dke ,d s ;g xkSjo çkIr gqvkA** blds ckn vkius /keksaZ esa HkkbZpkjs ij cy nsrs gq, viuk Hkk"k.k lekIr fd;kA lekjksg ds v/;{k us iafMr th dk /kU;okn Kkiu fd;kA blds ckn lekjksg dk lekiu gqvkA 205

mLrknksa dk enjlk vius mÙkjnkf;Ro dks iwjk djus esa vkxs d+ne cus vkSj mUgsa xzg.k djus dh tks çk—frd {kerk vkSj ;ksX;rk gS] mls fodflr fd;k tk,A bl laLFkk ds ,d lnL; gqlSu gLlku lkgc us viuh iqfLrdk ^bnkjk rkyheks&rjD+d+h* dh xfrfof/k esa tks ckrsa Øeokj fy[kh gSa muls bl laLFkk dk dke lkeus vk tkrk gSA os fy[krs gSa& bnkjk rkyheks&rjD+d+h dh LFkkiuk ds Øe esa fu;ekoyh çdkf'kr dh xbZ vkSj bl laLFkk ds mís'; vkSj dk;Z'kSyh dks bl çdkj le>k;k x;kA

214

d½ laLFkk mfpr ekxZ lqfuf'pr djds ikB~;Øe vkSj f'k{kk i)fr çLrkfor djs] lkFk gh mls çpkfjr çlkfjr djus dk ç;kl djsA [k½ uewus ds :i esa vko';d f'k{kk lkexzh rS;kj djs vkSj çlkfjr djus dh O;oLFkk djsA x½ deZpkfj;ksa dh Vªsfuax dh O;oLFkk djs vkSj muds funsZ'ku ds fy, mfpr ikB~; lkexzh rS;kj djs vkSj mlds çlkj.k dh O;oLFkk djsA bu mís';ksa dks çkIr djus ds fy, ml le; ;g lq>ko çLrkfor fd, x,& 1½ laLFkk esa ,d iqLrdky; vkSj E;wft;e dh LFkkiukA iqLrdky; esa fo'ks"k :i ls çkSs lkSHkkX; çkIr gqvk gS] mlh tkfe;k dk ijpe gSA diM+s dk ,d ekewyh VqdM+kA ysfdu mudh bPNkvksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa dk ijpe ftudk mYys[k vHkh fd;kA ;g diM+s dk VqdM+k mu fopkjksa] mu fparuksa] mu mís';ksa] mu lkglksa ds dkj.k cgqewY; gS ftudk ;g çoDrk gSA ;g çoDrk gS ml okLrfodrk dk fd ft+Unxh gYds QqYds ehBs ehBs 'kCnksa ls ugha curh cfYd fuLokFkZ Hkko ls curh gSA ft+Unxh ykHk gkfu dk cgh [kkrk ugha cfYd dqN fu'p;ksa ds fy, tku yxkus dk ,d volj gSA og /kqjh ftl ij ft+Unxh ?kwerh gSA nq[k vkSj lq[k dh /kqjh ugha cfYd eaft+y dh vksj cs ns ldrs gSaA tc eq>s fo'okl gks tkrk gS fd tkfe;k esa lc dke Bhd py jgk gS] lc yksx viuh /kqu esa yxs gq, gSaA dfBu le; dks lc fey tqydj g¡lh [+kq'kh xqt+kj nsrs gSa vkSj dHkh bZ'oj u djs #i;s iSls dh deh ds dkj.k [kVkl iSnk gks Hkh tk, rks tYn gh jQ+k nQ+k gks tkrh gS rks esjk fny cgqr et+cwr gksrk gS vkSj eSa nwljksa ds lkFk Hkjksls ds lkFk ckrphr dj ldrk gw¡ vkSj tkfe;k ds dkeksa dh rjQ+ /;ku vkd`”V esa lQy gksrk gw¡A ;g ugha gksrk rks eSa Lo;a fo'okl ds lkFk ml vksj fdlh dk /;ku vkd`”V ugha dj ldrkA eSa vkils ;g fo'okl ek¡xrk gw¡A eq>s fo'okl gS fd vki esjh lgk;rk esa dksbZ dlj ugha j[ksaxsA t;arh ds bl lky esa lcds lc vius dke esa fnykstku ls yx tkb,A vkSj jk"Vª dks fn[kk nhft, fd dke dSls iwtk cu tkrk gSA 253

lans'kksa dk ;g flyflyk tks tkfe;k ds ofj"V lkfFk;ksa vkSj jk"Vª ds iFkçn'kZdksa ds lan'kksa ij vk/kkfjr Fkk t;arh lekjksg rd cjkcj tkjh jgkA ckgj ds lEekfur yksxksa ds lans'kksa dks ge vkxs dgha m)`r djsaxsA ;gk¡ çks- eqgEen ethc lkgc] MklS;n vkfcn gqlSu lkgc] ekSyk vlye lkgc ds lans'k ntZ gSaA ^^igkM+ksa ij ps ,slk ekywe gksrk gS fd cM+s dkeksa dh cht gSA lkewfgd dkeksa esa esjk vuqeku gS fd igys ls jkLrs ds mrkj p ldsa vkSj viuh {kerk ds vuqlkj mldh fdlh ,d /kkjk esa bl rjg ls dke djsa fd mudk dke fdlh u fdlh gn rd lkewfgd thou ds fy, mi;ksxh gksA ;g ckr lgh gS fd fgUnqLrku esa bl le; jkst+xkj dk ç'u lcls vf/kd vko';d gSA tkfe;k fefYy;k bl vko';drk dk vuqHko djrh gS vkSj vius Nk=ksa esa ,slh {kerk mRiUu djuk pkgrh gS fd gj mfpr rjhds+ ls jkst+h dek ldsaA exj blds ihNs dk fl)kar ;g gS fd balku jkst+h dks ft+Unxh dk] dekbZ dks lsok dk vonku le>s vkSj viuk okLrfod mís'; ;g tkus fd og jk"Vªh; laLd`fr vkSj ekuoh; laL—fr dk mi;ksxh lnL; cusA ;kuh lekt esa vius fy, dksbZ mfpr LFkku wynkfj;k¡] rEcw] pkjikb;k¡] crZu] VkV] cfYy;k¡ vkSj ljfd;k¡] tkQ+fj;k¡ vyx vyx lqanj njokt+s vkfn dh O;oLFkk fnYyh ds e'kgwj jk"Vªh; dk;ZdrkZ ekSykuk vCnqYykg lkgc ds gokys Fkk tks pwM+h okys vkSj vkVs okys ds uke ls çfl) Fks vkSj fnYyh ds lHkh jk"Vªh; vkanksyuksa ds O;oLFkkid ekus tkrs FksA ;g og nkSj Fkk tc fnYyh esa lkEçnkf;d naxs vkjaHk gks x, FksA dj¶+;w vkMZj ds fnuksa esa dkjksckj can Fkk ysfdu ekSykuk us fQj Hkh dke dks fuiVkus dh dksf'k'k dhA ,d oD+r ,slk Hkh vk;k fd dj¶+;w dh otg ls ekSykuk lkgc cgqr ijs'kku Fks] 'kQ+hdqjZgeku lkgc fd+nokbZ us viuh tku [+krjs esa Mkydj 'kgj ls ckd+h lkeku gkfly fd;kA fj;klr jkeiqj ds iwoZ ç/kkuea=h duZy c’khj gqlSu lkgc t+Snh ¼tks vc gekjs dks”kk/;{k gSa½ vkSj LoxhZ; csxe tS+nh us Hkh gekjh cgqr lgk;rk dhA t;arh ds lekjksg ls igys oksyafV;j dk ,d cM+k lewg tkfe;k uxj Hkstk fd t;arh dk fo'ks"k iaMky rS;kj djs vkSj ^^tqCyh cLrh** clkus esa tkfe;k okyksa dh lgk;rk djsA blds lkFk lkFk cgqr 'kkunkj 'kkfe;kuk ftlds uhps dbZ gt+kj vkneh cSB ldrs Fks] cgqr ls NksVs cM+s rEcw esgekuksa ds fy, fHktok,A csxe tS+nh Lo;a mifLFkr jgrh Fkha vkSj dke dh fuxjkuh djrh FkhaA muds vkSj tS+nh lkgc ds ç;klksa ls uokc lkgc jkeiqj us bl lkeku ds vykok ,d yk[k #i;k vuqnku ds :i esa fn;k vkSj jkeiqj ds yksxksa ls Hkh cgqr lgk;rk feyhA tc rd csxe lkgc ft+Unk jgha tkfe;k dh gj çdkj ls lgk;rk djrh jghaA t+Snh lkgc vc gekjs dks"kk/;{k gSaA jtr t;arh ds volj ij tkfe;k uxj dh lkt lTtk dk vkjaHk vkius gh fd;k FkkA vc Lo.kZ t;arh dh vksj d+ne caMk ygjk;k tk,xk 10 cts çn'kZuh dk vkjaHk

rhljk igj tqes dh uekt+ ds ckn 2 cts tkfe;k dh efLtn dh uhao Mkyh tk,xh 268

la/;k jkf= lkaMk yxk gqvk gSA ;g >aMk ygjkus dh jLe t;arh lekjksg dk vkjaHk Fkk vkSj bl dkjZokbZ dk vkjaHk dqjku ethn ds mijksDr dh lwj% ls gqvkA ftls lwjg uLkz dgrs gSaA f'k{kd] Nk= ¼orZeku vkSj HkwriwoZ½ gennZ vkSj vfrfFk lc mifLFkr FksA lHkh LdkmV~l viuh onhZ esa ,d iafDr eas [kM+s FksA tkfe;k dk cSaM ekStwn FkkA Hkou ds Åijh Hkkx ds cjkenksa esa tkfe;k LVkQ+ dh ifRu;ksa ds vfrfjDr ckgj ls vkbZ gqbZ lEekfur efgyk vfrfFk Hkh mifLFkr FkhaA iwjk –'; bruk çHkkoh vkSj Hkkoqd Fkk fd 281

bldk Bhd fp=.k 'kCnksa ds ek/;e ls djuk dfBu gSA tkfe;k dqykf/kifr vCnqyethn [+oktk vkSj tkfe;k dqyifr Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu [+kk¡ lkgc >aMk ygjkus ds fy, pcwrjs ij igq¡psA LdkmV~l ds Nk= nksuksa vksj iafDr;ksa esa [kM+s FksA LdkmV~l us mudk Lokxr fd;kA cSaM us lykeh nhA fQj [+kkeks'kh Nk xbZA tc f'k{kd çkFkfed "k"Be eqgEen ,Mu vgen us dqjku ethn dk ikB vkjaHk fd;k rks mifLFkr yksxksa ds ân; dks cgqr lqdwu feykA mu yksxksa us tks tkfe;k ds >aMs ds uhps 29 vDVwcj 1920 bZ- dks bdV~Bk gq, Fks vkSj ftUgksaus vc rd bl >aMs ds Å¡pk dj j[kk Fkk---vuqHko fd;k fd vc tkfe;k dks ns'k vkSj leqnk; dh Loh—fr çkIr gks xbZ vkSj bldk >aMk jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ds eSnku esa lnk ygjkrk jgsxkA tkfe;k dk >aMk ygjkus dh jLe dqjke ethn dk ikB lekIr gksrs gh tkfe;k dqyifr Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu us tkfe;k dqykf/kifr ls tkfe;k dk >aMk Qgjkus dk vuqjks/k fd;kA enjls ds Nk= Qghe [+kku] eqgEen lbZn vkSj ,glku ;klhu us tkfe;k dqykf/kifr tukc vCnqyethn [+oktk lkgc ds xys esa gkj MkykA mlds ckn tkfe;k dqykf/kifr us tkfe;k dk >aMk Qgjk;kA ftlls Qwyksa dh o"kkZ dk ,d vn~Hkqr –"; fn[kkbZ iM+kA cSaM dh /kqu ds lkFk okWysfUV;jksa ds nLrs us lykeh nh vkSj çkFkfed fo|ky; ds cPpksa us tkfe;k dk e'kgwj rjkuk çHkkoh vankt+ esa xk;kA rjkus ds ckn tkfe;k dqyifr Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu lkgc us dgk% ^^nksLrks vkSj vt+ht+ksa! lcls igys tkfe;k ds lHkh f'k{kdksa vkSj Nk=ksa dh vksj ls dqykf/kifr lkgc dh lsok esa /kU;okn çLrqr djrk gw¡ fd mUgksaus vius gkFkksa ls tkfe;k dk >.Mk Qgjk;k vkSj eSa Lo;a dks —rK vuqHko dj jgk gw¡ fd vkt mudh ljijLrh esa tkfe;k dks ;g fnu ulhc gqvk fd og viuk jtr t;arh lekjksg euk,A iphl o"kZ dk xqt+j tkuk oSls rks cgqr vlk/kkj.k ckr ugha gSA le; tSls rSls ges'kk xqt+jrk gh gS ysfdu fdlh fu'p; dks fo'ks"k leiZ.k ds lkFk ,d yEcs le; rd cuk, j[kuk] le; ds cgrs /kkjs esa ,d ubZ 'kfDr dk lapkj djrk gSA bl fu'p; dh vPNkbZ ;k cqjkbZ] etcwrh ;k detksjh bl le; ls tks ml ij xqt+jrh gS] ?kVrh cs tkfe;k ds thou dk og vkjafHkd ;qx ;kn vkrk gSA rc vxj vkidh fuLokFkZ Hkkouk vkSj lfØ;rk gesa çkIr ugha gksrh rks ;g fn;k 'kk;n fojksf/k;ksa dh Qw¡d ls cq> tkrkA ;g uUgk lk cht mxus ls igys nck fn;k tkrk vkSj ,d u;k fpjkx jkS'ku djus ds fy, ifjfLFkfr vkSj la;ksx dh u tkus dc rd çrh{kk djuh iM+rhA ge lc ml nkSj dks xoZ ds lkFk ;kn djrs gSa rks ml le; dh dfBukb;ksa dks ;kn djds vius d+ne dks et+cwrh ls tek, j[kus dh çsj.kk ikrs gSaA bl fVefVekrs gq, fn, dks bl çdkj jkS'ku vkSj ters gq, cht dks bl gksugkj ikS/ks dh 'kD+y esa ns[kdj dkSu [+kq’k ugha gksxkA ge lc vkidh bl [+kq'kh esa 'kkfey gSaA gekjk /kU;okn vkSj gekjh eqckjdckn Lohdkj dhft,A bu 25 cjl esa tks xqtj pqds gSa] geus bl >aMs dks ftls vkius vHkh Qgjk;k gS] dqN vFkZ nsus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA geus ç;kl fd;k gS fd ;g mi;ksxh vkSj ewY;oku f'k{kk nh{kk dk >aMk cu tk, ;kuh O;fDrxr {kerkvksa dks dqpys fcuk LoHkko dh ,dkxzrk vkSj O;fDrRo dh lcyrk dk >aMk cu tk,A fnekx dh jkS'kuh vkSj fny dh xehZ dk >aMk cu tk,A ifj.kke ls fujk'k gq, fcuk lgh deZ vkSj vk'kk dk >aMk cu tk,A dke dks iwtk dh rjg iw.kZ djus dk >aMk cu tk,A ckrsa cukdj pedus dh lLrh yksdfç;rk ds ckotwn tku [kikdj ft+Unxh cukus dk >aMk cu tk,A ifo= 'kfDr vkSj lqUnjrk dk >aMk cu tk,A lkgl vkSj leiZ.k dk] fuMj pkfjf=d lkgl vkSj csckd gkSlys dk] balkQ vkSj lPpkbZ ds leFkZu eas vkokt+ mBkus dk] gj gaxkes vkSj vHkærk esa laosnu'khyrk vkSj 'kjkQ+r dk >aMk cu tk,A eqf'dyksa esa lcz vkSj vklkfu;ksa esa 'kqØ dk >aMk cu tk,A geus ç;kl fd;k gS fd blds lk;s esa iyus okys vPNs] lPps 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld :i ls LoLF; balku gksaA lqlaL—r] lH;] bjknksa esa iDds] fopkjksa esa Li"V vkSj lkQ+A viuh ckr dgus ;ksX; nwljs dh lquus vkSj le>us ds fy, rS;kjA ft+Unkfny] fuMj] flQZ+ ,d [+kqnk ls Mjus okys vkSj lcds Mj ls fuMjA ge us lPps fny vkSj iwjs fo'okl ds lkFk&lkFk >aMs dks ;g vFkZ nsus dh dksf'k'k dh gSA ge tkurs gSa fd ;g dksf'k'k dkQ+h ugha gSA ysfdu ge ;g Hkh tkurs gS fd tks ,slk bjknk djrk gS vkSj blds fy, ç;kl djrk gS vkSj bldh lQyrk ij fo'okl j[krk gS bZ'oj ,sls yksxksa ds ân; esa vPNh Hkkouk,¡ mRiUu djrk gS vkSj mudks iwjk djus dh 'kfDr çnku djrk gSA Mxexkrs d+neksa dks LFkkf;Ro nsrk gSA nqvk gS fd og gekjh çkFkZuk dks Lohdkj djs vkSj bl >aMs ds og lHkh vFkZ Li"V gks tk,¡ tks ge mls nsuk pkgrs gSaA** dqyifr ds lacks/ku ds ckn dqykf/kifr tukc vCnqy ethn [+oktk lkgc us vius lacks/ku esa tkfe;k dh lHkh vko';drk,¡ vkSj fo'ks"krk,¡ bldh LFkkiuk vkSj 283

vkjafHkd bfrgkl ij cgqr foLrkj ls fopkj fd;kA ge la{ksi esa bls ;gk¡ m)`r djrs gSa&

vygenksfyYykgs ugenqgw o uqlYyh vyk jlwfyfgydjhe dqyifr egksn;] vf/kdkjhx.k] Nk=ksa] Hkkb;ksa vkSj cguksa! vYykg dk yk[k&yk[k 'kqØ gS fd cgqr lh leL;kvksa vkSj dfBukb;ksa ds ckotwn ge vkt tkfe;k fefYy;k bLykfe;k dh jtr t;arh lekjksg dk vkjaHk dj jgs gSaA bl flyflys dk igyk dke eq> tSls xqugxkj ds det+ksj gkFkksa ls 'kq: gqvk gSA bl lsok dks vatke nsus dk dke tkfe;k dqykf/kifr gksus ds dkj.k esjs gokys fd;k x;k gSA bl in ij esjk p;u fo'ks"k:i ls gdhe vtey [+kk¡ vkSj MkDVj valkjh tSls O;fDrRo ds ckn gqvk gSA ;g dsoy esjs iqjkus fe=ksa dh d+ænkuh cfYd mudk Lusg gS ftlds fy, eSa fny dh xgjkb;ksa ls mUgsa /kU;okn nsrk gw¡A tkfe;k dqyifr lkgc us tks dqN esjs laca/k esa dgk gS og mudh eqgCcr vkSj yxko dk urhtk gS u fd esjh ekewyh lsok dk LohdkjA fQj Hkh eSa /kU;okn nsus ds lkFk nqvk djrk gw¡ fd vYykg ,sls fu%LokFkhZ vkSj d+kSe ds ,sls fgrS"kh dks yEch mez ns vkSj mudh ft+Unxh dks d+kSe ds fy, uewuk cuk,A vkehuA cqt+qxksaZ vkSj vt+ht+kas] eq>s ;g fo'okl gS fd vkiesa ls çR;sd O;fDr esjh bl nqvk esa 'kkfey gksxk fd ,s [+kqnk tks >aMk rsjs uke ij vkt esjs bl ekewyh gkFkksa us Qgjk;k gS mldks ges'kk Å¡pk j[kukA ;g >aMk ml >aMs dh ;knxkj gS ftls rsjs ifo= cUnksa us ftuesa 'kS[+kqyfgUn ekSykuk egewnqy glu] elhgqy eqYd gkfQ+t+ gdhe vtey [+kk¡] veh#yfgUn Mk- eq[+rkj vgen valkjh vkSj ekSykuk eqgEen vyh us vkt ls NCchl cjl igys Qgjk;k FkkA gekjs fnyksa esa vkt Hkh mldh ;kn rkt+k gSA mu egku yksxksa ds thou dky esa gh vkSj muds gels tqnk gksus ds ckn gekjs lkeus cgqr dfBu vkSj nq[kn le; vk;k vkSj geesa ls vDlj ds dne Mxexk, exj rsjh —ik gekjs lkFk jghA tc vyhxs Hkh vksYM Cok;t+ ykWt ls fudky fn;k x;kA vyhxs bl le; og fnu ;kn vkrk gS tc ljdkj jkeiqj ds mÙkjkf/kdkjh dh gSfl;r ls dksbZ chl lky igys tkfe;k ds laLFkkid vkSj tkfe;k ds dqykf/kifr LoxhZ; gdhe vtey [+kk¡ ds lkFk tkfe;k ds dke dks ns[kus ds fy, r'kjhQ+ yk, FksA tkfe;k esa ml le; FkksM+s ls Nk= FksA djksy ckx esa fdjk, ds edkuksa esa dqN ukStoku f'k{kk dk ,d dfBu ç;ksx dj jgs FksA buds dke dks u 'kSf{kd laLFkkvksa esa dksbZ ekU;rk çkIr Fkh u ljdkjh n¶+rjksa esaA muds ikl u le; Fkk u /kuA eq>s ;kn gS fd ljdkj ds vkus ij /kwy feêh dks nckus ds fy,] cPpksa ds dkeksa dks ltkdj j[kus ds fy, eSaus D;k D;k tru fd, Fks vkSj fQj Hkh gt+kj jQwxjh djus ds ckotwn bl QVs iqjkus diM+s ds fNæksa ls gekjh xjhch vkSj gekjh vHkkoghurk >kadrh FkhA eq>s fo'okl gS fd ljdkj dh vuqHkoh –f"V us mUgha fNæksa ls gekjh fgEerksa vkSj gekjs gkSlyksa dks Hkh lj fudkyrs ns[kk gksxkA oSls dfBu le; esa gesa larks"k Fkk fd gdhe lkgc gekjs ljijLr gSaA fgUnqLrku dk dkSu vehj vkSj dkSu x+jhc gS fd muds dgus ij vkSj muds Hkjksls ij gekjs fy, vko';d lalk/ku dk mik; u dj nsxkA FkksM+s fnu dh ijh{kk gS] fQj jkLrk lkQ+ gSA ysfdu bZ'oj dh bPNk Fkh fd ;g ijh{kk ge lHkh deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, vko';d gS] blfy, gdhe lkgc dk lkFk gekjs lj ls ,dk,d mBk fy;k x;kA Mk- eq[+rkj vgen valkjh lkgc us gekjs dke dh ckxMksj laHkkyh exj tYn gh mUgksaus Hkh gesa bl ijh{kk dh ?kM+h esa NksM+dj fonk fy;kA bu ljnkjksa dks [kksdj geus tks [kks;k mls ljdkj ls csgrj vkSj dkSu tkurk gSA ysfdu ljdkj vki ;g lqudj çlUu gksaxs fd tkfe;k ds bu ukStoku] vuqHkoghu dke djus okyksa us bl ijh{kk ls eq¡g ugha eksM+kA ;g lp gS fd mUgsa viuh esgur dk iqjLdkj muds gd ls vf/kd feyk vkSj fo'okl gS fd vkSj feysxkA vki tSls mPp fopkj j[kus okys fj;klr ds ljijLrksa us Hkh budh ljijLrh dh vkSj fcuk 'krZ yk[kksa #i, nsdj muds dke dks vklku cukus esa lgk;rk nhA mu xjhcksa us Hkh ftUgksaus viuh vBfUu;ksa vkSj pofUu;ksa vkSj #i;ksa ls ekfld vkSj okf"kZd lgk;rk dj bUgsa bl ckr dk fo'okl fnyk;k fd muds dke dh tM+sa dkSe ds cM+s fgLls esa terh tk jgh gSA vkSj bl rjg iPphl lky xqt+j gh x,A bu iPphl lkyksa esa ,d fo'ks"k çxfr'khy 'kSf{kd laLFkk LFkkfir gks xbZA bls FkksM+h cgqr çflf) çkIr gqbZA vfr';ksfDriw.kZ ç'kalk Hkh gqbZA ,slh gh vkykspuk,¡ Hkh gqbZaA ns'k esa ;g f'k{kk lq/kkj dk mnkgj.k le>k tkus yxk vkSj ns'k ds ckgj Hkh yksxksa dh ut+jas bl ij iM+us yxhaA ysfdu blesa ladksp djus okyh 287

dksbZ ckr ughaA ljdkj dh lsok esa fuosnu djrk gw¡ fd ge Lo;a lsodksa dks viuh ç'kalk lqudj cgqr gSjkuh gksrh gS fd vHkh rks dke dk vkjaHk Hkh eqf'dy ls gqvk gSA dke lj ls iSj rd x+yfr;ksa ls Hkjk gS fQj ml ij ;s rkjhQ+saA [+k;ky vkrk gS fd ;k vYykg D;k 'kSf{kd dke dh ns'k esa ;g gkyr gS fd ;g NksVk lk dke bl ç'kalk dk vf/kdkjh le>k tkrk gS\ dHkh dHkh Mj yxrk gS fd dgha ;g ç'kalk fdlh deh dh lt+k rks ugha gS\ fd, gq, ij larq"V gksdj cSB jguk vkSj çxfr dh vkdka{kk dks NksM+ nsuk ft+Unk balku dh lcls cM+h lt+k gSA tkfe;k ds dke djus okyksa dh gkfnZd bPNk gS fd og bl lt+k ds vf/kdkjh dHkh ?kksf"kr u fd, tk,¡A muds dke esa deh gks rks gks vkSj vo'; gksxk exj muds fny esa ges'kk ;g bPNk gks fd ^[+kwc ls [+kwcrj dgk¡\* esjk vuqeku gS fd gekjh ;g nqvk dqcwy gqbZ gSA geus vius vkykspdksa ls Hkh vf/kd viuh vkykspukvksa ij ut+j j[kh gS vkSj ,slk djrs gq, iPphl lky xqt+j x,A gesa viuh dfe;ksa dk iwjk ,glkl gS vkSj mUgsa nwj djus dk iDdk bjknkA tks ge dy rd bu iPphl o"kksaZ ds vH;kl ls dqN Fkds Fkds ls Fks] vkt fQj ubZ ÅtkZ ds lkFk viuh dfe;ksa dks iwjk djus vkSj çxfr ds ekxZ ij vkxs d+ne c rys ncs gSa] ,d vkSj ,glku fd;k gSA blfy, eSaus mfpr le>k fd bl volj ij vius lkfFk;ksa dh vksj ls vkidks mudh Hkkoukvksa ls voxr djk nw¡A bl lekjksg ds vkjaHk ds lkFk ljdkj ls ;g vuqjks/k Hkh gS fd vkids lkeus tks çn'kZuh yxkbZ xbZ gS bldk mn~?kkVu Hkh vius gkFkksa ls djsaA bl çn'kZuh ds nks fgLls gSaA ,d fgLls esa nks pht+sa gSa ftuls dqN irk pyrk gS fd eqlyekuksa us bl ns'k dh ft+Unxh esa vius ç;klksa ls D;k fd;k vkSj dSlk ;ksxnku fn;kA bls dSls laokjk] ltk;k vkSj pedk;kA ;g fgUnqLrku esa bLykeh laL—fr ds vueksy [+kt+kus ls eqëh Hkj pht+sa gSa ftuls gekjh vfHk#fp] lkSUn;Zcks/k] KkufoKku vkSj laL—fr esa gekjs iwoZtksa ds dkjukes >ydrs gSaA vPNs balku vius ifjos'k dks dHkh mldh :qdkdj lkeuk fd;k cfYd [kqíkjh] lgHkkfxrk] çse] vkSj la;e ds lkFk dke djus dh ,slh felky çLrqr dh tks eqlyekuksa ds fy, gh ugha cfYd iwjs ns'k ds fy, felky gSA vc bl laLFkku us viuh ft+Unxh ds iphl lky iwjs dj fy, gSa vkSj ;g ek'kkvYykg vius 'kckc ij igq¡p xbZ gSA eSa u dsoy viuh vksj ls cfYd feYyrs bLykfe;k dh vksj 290

ls] tkfe;k ds lHkh pkgus okyksa dh vksj ls] ftlesa gj /keZ] lEçnk; rFkk jktuSfrd fopkj ds yksx vkSj ljdkjh vkSj xS+j ljdkjh nksuksa Js.kh ds yksx 'kkfey gSa] tkfe;k ds deZpkfj;ksa dh lsok esa eqckjdckn is'k djrk gw¡ vkSj mUgsa fo'okl fnykrk gw¡ fd mudh vPNkbZ] muds leiZ.k] mudh lsok Hkkouk] mudh 'kjkQ+r] balkfu;r vkSj muds yxkrkj la?k"kZ us yksxksa ds fnyksa esa ?kj dj fy;k gSA eq>s fo'okl gS fd vc d+kSe dk gj oxZ viuh vksj ls vf/kd ls vf/kd O;kogkfjd lg;ksx nsxk cfYd bldk ;g lcwr bl le; Hkh gekjs lkeus ekStwn gS fd tkfe;k t;arh Qa+M ds fy, tks pUns dh vihy dh xbZ Fkh ml vihy ij pUnk nsus okyksa esa Hkkjr ljdkj] fj;klrksa dh ljdkjsa] /kuh vkSj voke lHkh dh Hkkxhnkjh gSA eSaus ml çksxzke dks /;ku ls ns[kk gS tks tkfe;k ds Lo;alsodksa us Hkfo"; ds fy, cuk;k gS vkSj eq>s fo'okl gS fd muesa ls çR;sd jk"Vªh; laL—fr ds fuekZ.k] laj{k.k vkSj çxfr ds fy, cgqr ykHknk;d vkSj vko';d gSA eSa nqvk djrk gw¡ fd og cgqr tYn vius liuksa dks viuh vk¡[kksa ls iwjk gksrk gqvk ns[k ldsaA tkfe;k dh O;kogkfjd vkSj 'kSf{kd xfrfof/k;ksa dk vuqeku yxkus ds fy, eSa vkidks fuea=.k nsrk gw¡ fd vki bl HkO; vkSj lqlfTtr çn'kZuh dk eqvk;uk djsa ftldk mn~?kkVu vkt esjs gokys fd;k x;k gSA bl çn'kZuh dk lcls cM+k mís'; ;g gS fd tkfe;k ds Nk=ksa ds dkeksa vkSj ckgj ls bdëk fd, gq, uewuksa ds ek/;e ls ,d çHkkoh vkSj lq#fpiw.kZ s iwjh vk'kk gS fd tkfe;k ns'k rFkk ekuork dh lsok eas cjkcj yxk jgsxkA ,l ,p cqM] f'k{kk ea=ky;] yanu ^^eq>s xoZ vkSj çlUurk gS fd us'uy eqfLye ;wfuoflZVh ¼tkfe;k fefYy;k bLykfe;½ ds mís'; rFkk mlds dk;ksaZ dh ç'kalk vkSj mlds v/;{k Mk- t+kfdj gqlSu ls vius çse rFkk fu'Nyrk ds vfHkO;fDRk dk volj feykA yxHkx nl o"kZ gq, tc eSaus igyh ckj tkfe;k fefYy;k bLykfe;k dh lSj dh FkhA blds ckn ,d ckj vkSj vkLVªSfy;k tkrs le; dqN le; ds fy, ;gk¡ mrjk Fkk] mlds ckn eSa fgUnqLrku ugha vk;kA 1936 bZa esa ftl le; esa tkfe;k ds v/kwjs dkfyt dh lSj dj jgk Fkk] eSaus vuqHko fd;k fd ;g og laLFkk ;k fcjknjh gS ¼laLFkk u dfg, blfy, fd ;g cgqr dfBu vkSj vçklafxd 'kCn gS½ tgk¡ fgUnqLrku ds fgr esa cgqr egRoiw.kZ rFkk mís';iw.kZ dke gks jgk gS vkSj yksxksa dks vius O;fDRkRo ds laiw.kZ fuekZ.k dk iw.kZ volj fn;k tk jgk gSA eSaus ns[kk fd ;gk¡ Kku&foKku gh ugha lh[kk vkSj lh[kk;k tk jgk gS cfYd lkSUn;Z cks/k Hkh mRiUu fd;k tk jgk gSA cqf) dk }kj lkSUn;Z ds fy, can ugha gS] blds fy, [kqyk gqvk gSA bl le; tcfd tkfe;k dk jtr t;arh euk;k tk jgk gSa] eSa blds lanHkZ esa dqN ugha dg ldrkA ijarq vc ls nl o"kZ igys eSa Hkyh Hkk¡fr dg ldrk Fkk fd lR;] lkSUn;Z rFkk leiZ.k] ;s rhuksa xq.k fdl çdkj ekuoh; LoHkko lnk ds fy, lfØ; Fks vkSj fo'okl Fkk fd varr% ;g ekuoh; LoHkko dk vfHkUu vax cu tk,xkA vxj ;g ;wfuoflZVh euq"; dks ekuoh; nqcZyrkvksa ds ckotwn laiw.kZ cuk lds rks ;g ckr fgUnqLrku gh ds fy, ugha iwjh nqfu;k ds fy, ,d vuqdj.kh; uewuk fl) gksxkA**

316

ge tkfe;k dh jtr t;arh dh dgkuh dks ekSykuk vcqy dyke vkt+kn ds lans'k ds lkFk lekIr djrs gSaA tks mUgksaus bl volj ds fy, Hkstk FkkA blds lkFk gh fgUnqLrku dh vkt+knh ls igys ds bl nkSj dh tkfe;k dh dgkuh iwjh gksrh gSA ^^tkfe;k fefYy;k dh ft+Unxh ds vkjafHkd iphl o"kZ xqt+j x, vc og vius thou ds u, ;qx esa ços'k dj jgk gSA bl chrs gq, iphl o"kksaZ ds varjky esa rjg rjg dh dfBukbvksa rFkk vojks/kksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k Fkk ijarq vc le; vk x;k gS fd lQyrkvksa dk ,d u;k nkLrku vkjaHk gks tk,A vkt ge bldk igyk iUuk iyV jgs gSaA eq>s fo'okl gS fd ;g u;k nkLrku vf/kd ls vf/kd lQy vkSj 'kkunkj gksxhA

ifjf'k"V lwph ifjf'k"V lwph&1 1- LFkkiuk lfefr ds lnL; 2- LFkkiuk lfefr ds dqN vU; lnL; 3- 1924 bZ- rd tkfe;k fefYy;k ls lEc) Ldwyksa dh lwph 317

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tqykbZ 1924 bZ- esa tkfe;k ds inkf/kdkjhA os yksx tks 1924 bZ- rd ç'kklfud lfefr ds lnL; jgsA os yksx tks 1924 bZ- rd 'kSf{kd lfefr ds lnL; jgsA 1924 bZ- esa dkfyt vkSj Ldwy esa dke djus okys f'k{kd jtr t;arh lekjksg ¼1940 bZ-½ ds le; esa vatqeu rkyhes&feYyh ds lnL;A 9- inkf/kdkjhx.k 10- ç'kklfud lfefr ds lnL; 11- 'kSf{kd lfefr 12- foHkkxksa ds v/;{k 13- 1- çkFkfed fo|ky; ds f'k{kd 2- ek/;fed fo|ky; ds f'k{kd 3- dkfyt ds f'k{kd 4- f'k{kdksa ds Ldwy ds f'k{kd 5- 'kSf{kd dsUæ la[;k ,d rFkk bnkjk rkyhe&o&rjD+d+hA 14- vU; foHkkxksa ds dk;ZdrkZ 1- eq[; dk;kZy; 2- iqLrdky; 3- gennkZus tkfe;k 4- fpfdRlky; 5- fofo/k foHkkx 6- esl ifjf’k”V lwph&2 LFkkiuk lfefr ds lnL;ksa dh lwph] us'uy eqfLye ;wfuoflZVh] vyhx