International Labor Legislation 9780231884587

Citation preview

INTERNATIONAL LABOR LEGISLATION

B T U D U B IN HISTOBY, ECONOMICS A N D PUBLIC

L A W

EDITED BY THE FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

Volume XCI]

[Number 2 Whol* Bomber

208

INTERNATIONAL LABOR LEGISLATION BY I W A O

F R E D E R I C K

A Y U S A W A

AMS PRESS NEW YORK

COLUMBIA

UNIVERSITY

STUDIES I N T H E S O C I A L SCIENCES

208

This Series was formerly known as Studies in History, Economics and Public Law.

Reprinted with the permission of Columbia University Press From the edition of 1920, New York First AMS EDITION published 1969 Manufactured in the United States of America

Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 75-82244

AMS NEW

PRESS,

INC.

Y O R K , N . Y.

10003

®n MARGARET LORING THOMAS

PREFACE THIS is a study of the history and progress of international labor agreements, treaties, conventions and congresses, resulting in labor legislation with international validity or important international bearings. In its preparation the writer received help from a large number of kind people. It was their friendship which made the publication of this monograph possible. The writer is particularly indebted to Professors Samuel M. Lindsay and Henry R. Seager for their encouragement and guidance. They have given him unstintedly of their precious time in directing the research and examining the manuscript of this work. Acknowledgment must be made to Mr. K. Shidehara, Ambassador Plenipotentiary and Extraordinary of Japan at Washington for the personal interest he has taken in this work. Dr. John B. Andrews, Mr. Alexander Trachtenberg and many others are also gratefully remembered. Especially is the writer under great obligation to Mr. K. Kumasaki, Japanese Consul General in New York for appointing him to attend the Washington Conference of 1919 and also to Dr. M. Oka, former Director of Commerce and Industrial Affairs, Japan, for enabling the writer to attend in various capacities important sessions of the International Labor Conference at Washington. The help and interest of Mrs. Edward Thomas have been an ever-present inspiration. They will be long retnemJbered with gratitude and deep appreciation. 375]

7

CONTENTS

P A R T

HISTORICAL

I

BACKGROUND

C H A P T E R

I PAGI

ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT o r

LEGISLATION

INTERNATIONAL

LABOR

(1818-1890)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The beginning of world-wide labor legislation Genesis of the idea: Robert Owen Daniel Legrand Jerome Blanqui and Villerme First official move by Swiss Canton of Glarus; development in France, Germany, England and elsewhere 6. Rise of the First Internationale 7. Further progress of the movement; second Swiss move 8. Development in France; Second Internationale; third Swiss move

15 17 21 23 24 26 29 31

C H A P T E R II P R O G R E S S T O W A R D I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R E E M E N T S ON L A B O R

(1890-1900) 1. Congress of Berlin, 1890 2. Spread of international action; Congress of Brussels, 1891 . . . 3. Zurich Congress, 1893; rise of International Cooperative Alliance; Congress of London, 1896 4. Congress of Zurich, 1897 5. Brussels Congress, 1899; genesis of the International Association for Labor Legislation

377]

9

36 39 43 46 49

CONTENTS

IO

[378 PAOB

C H A P T E R III INTERNATIONAL L A B O R C O N F E R E N C E S AND T R E A T I E S

(1900-1913)

1. Paris Conferences, 1900 2. International Socialist Congress 3. International Association for Labor Legislation; its formation and functions 4. Spread of the Association; subsequent meetings, 1901-1904. - 5. Events of 1904—socialist labor congress of Amsterdam; international labor treaties; third delegates meeting at Basel . . . 6. Berne Conference, 1905 7. Developments, 1905-1907 8. Socialist congresses at Stuttgart and Copenhagen; further developments, 1907-1913 9. Berne Conference, 1913

S3 54 56 59 62 67 71 76 84

C H A P T E R IV W O R L D W A R , P E A C E CONFERENCE AND L A B O R CHARTER

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9.

(1914-1919)

Outbreak of the war; attitude of the socialist and labor parties . War-time labor conditions International labor conferences during thè war, 1914-1917 . . . Peace Conference; Commission on International Labor Legislation; Labor Charter Internationales revived, 1919—Berne Socialist Conference; birth of Student Internationale; Third Internationale or Communist Internationale of Moscow . . . Pan-American labor and socialist movements Women's Internationale; International Federation of Trades Union Congress at Amsterdam Lucerne socialist congress ; Student International Congress at Geneva Summary

P A R T DIFFICULTIES

87 92 97 105

112 117

125 127

II

IN I N T E R N A T I O N A L

LABOR

LEGISLATION

CHAPTER V A N A L Y S I S OF THE

1. Competition and cooperation ». Present world situation

DIFFICULTIES

135 138

379]

CONTENTS

II FA