Indigenous Heritage in African Literature [1 ed.] 9789783703667, 9789783703612

Citation preview

Copyright © 2015. Handel Books. All rights reserved. Indigenous Heritage in African Literature, Handel Books, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central,

Copyright © 2015. Handel Books. All rights reserved.

   ,1',*(1286 ,1',*(1286 +(5,7$*(  ,1$)5,&$1/,7(5$785(  6PLWKDQG&H>HG@                





/LEUDU\RI&ULWLFDO:ULWLQJ





Indigenous Heritage in African Literature, Handel Books, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central,



,1',*(1286+(5,7$*(LQ$IULFDQ/LWHUDWXUH 6PLWKDQG&H(G   ‹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

 

Copyright © 2015. Handel Books. All rights reserved.







Indigenous Heritage in African Literature, Handel Books, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central,



 

‘–‡–•    ŽŶƚĞŶƚƐ

ϱ

/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ

ϳ

ŚĂƉƚĞƌϭ



^ƚŽƌLJƚĞůůŝŶŐĂŶĚ,ƵŵĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŚĂƉƚĞƌϮ



&ĞŵĂůĞŽŶĚŝŶŐŝŶůĂĐŬ>ŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ŚĂƉƚĞƌϯ

ŚĂƉƚĞƌϰ Copyright © 2015. Handel Books. All rights reserved.

ϰϭ 

ZƵŵƵũŝtŽŵĞŶ͛ƐĂŶĐĞ

ϲϭ

ŚĂƉƚĞƌϱ



dŝŵĞĂŶĚƚŚĞdƌĂĚŝƚŝŽŶĂůWĂůŝŵƉƐĞƐƚ ŚĂƉƚĞƌϲ



Ϯϱ 

/ŶƐŝŐĂŵŝŐĂŶŝ;,ĞƌŽŝĐͿdƌĂĚŝƚŝŽŶƐ

WŽĞƚŝĐƐŽĨĨƌŝĐĂŶEĂŵŝŶŐ

ϭϬ

ϳϰ 



Indigenous Heritage in African Literature, Handel Books, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central,

ϴϴ

ŚĂƉƚĞƌϳ



WƌŽǀĞƌďƐŝŶKũĂŝĚĞ͛ƐŽŶƚĞdžƚƐ ŚĂƉƚĞƌϴ



/ŐďŽdƌĂĚŝƚŝŽŶĂůDŽƌĂůŝƚLJ

ϭϮϲ

ŚĂƉƚĞƌϵ



EĂŵŝŶŐŝŶƐĂŶůĂŶĚ

ϭϰϮ

ŚĂƉƚĞƌϭϬ



ZŚLJƚŚŵƐ͗ŝŶ,ŽŶŽƵƌŽĨĐŚĞďĞ EŽƚĞƐĂŶĚŝďůŝŽŐƌĂƉŚLJ

Copyright © 2015. Handel Books. All rights reserved.

ϭϱϱ 

   



ϭϭϮ



Indigenous Heritage in African Literature, Handel Books, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central,

–”‘†—…–‹‘  



   



Copyright © 2015. Handel Books. All rights reserved.



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



Indigenous Heritage in African Literature, Handel Books, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central,

Copyright © 2015. Handel Books. All rights reserved.

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±RI $IULFDQ RUDWXUHí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



Indigenous Heritage in African Literature, Handel Books, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central,

Copyright © 2015. Handel Books. All rights reserved.

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





Indigenous Heritage in African Literature, Handel Books, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central,

Šƒ’–‡”ͳ    

^ƚŽƌLJƚĞůůŝŶŐĂŶĚ,ƵŵĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ 

Copyright © 2015. Handel Books. All rights reserved.

2'2DPHQ

  67257KH -RXUQDO RI $IULFDQ /LWHUDWXUHDQG&XOWXUH1R@*LYHQWKHVKDPWKDW

%ROO\  1ROO\  DQG LQGHHG DOO WKH :RRGV  UHSUHVHQW WR DXWKHQWLF FXOWXUDO H[SUHVVLRQV , GR QRW WUXO\ EHOLHYH WKH FKRLFHRIPHORGUDPDRYHUDUWLVWLFUHVWUDLQWDQGGLVFLSOLQH 



Indigenous Heritage in African Literature, Handel Books, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central,

Copyright © 2015. Handel Books. All rights reserved.



KROGVPXFKSURPLVHIRU$VLDWLFDQG$IULFDQFXOWXUHVLQD SRVWPRGHUQZRUOG  $*5,I\RXZHUHWRORRNDWWKHER[RIILFHFROOHFWLRQVRI WKH µ:RRGV¶ LQ WKHLU GRPHVWLF PDUNHWV DQG WKH GHQW KRZHYHU PLQRU %ROO\ZRRG KDV PDGH RYHUVHDV PHORGUDPD FHUWDLQO\ DSSHDU WR KROG PXFK SURPLVH IRU $VLDWLFDQG$IULFDQFXOWXUHVLQDSRVWPRGHUQZRUOG