In the Shadow of Emperors. The Cult in Roman Cyprus 9788364449727, 9788395670800

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IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

Ag n ie s z k a Oc h a l -Cz a r n o w ic z

Kr a k o w 2018

Pub&'()t'+, f',),(.d by t1. N)t'+,)& S('.,(. C.,t2., P+&),d (52),t ,+. DEC-2012/07/N/HS3/00858)

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ISBN: 978-83-64449-72-7 (A&t.2 R)d+C&)> P)&+,A)) ISBN: 978-83-956708-0-0 (J)5'(&&+,'), U,'v.2C'ty, I,Ct'tut. +f A2(1).+&+5y)

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S)(2.d &),dC()p...............................................................................................

13

R.&'5'+,............................................................................................................

27

T+>)2dC m+,+t1.'Cm......................................................................................

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PREFACE

AC J+dy M'(1).& G+2d+, u,d.2&',.C ', 1'C P1D t1.C'C Between Alexandria and Rome: A Postcolonial Archaeology of Cultural Identity in Hellenistic and Roman Cyprus (2012), t1. 1'Ct+2y +f Cyp2uC 1)C &+,5 b.., v'.>.d )C ) &',.)2 Cu((.CC'+, +f 'mp.2')& p+>.2C. F2+m t1'C v'.>p+',t, (u&tu2)& (1),5. u,d.2 'mp.2')& 2u&. >)C u,d.2Ct++d )C ) ,)tu2)& p2+(.CC +f t1. (+,qu.2.d p)CC'v.&y )((.pt',5 t1. .mp'2.’C Cup.2'+2 (u&tu2.. W1., 'mp.2')& (u&tu2. >)C ', C+m. 2.Cp.(t ,+t fu&&y )((.pt.d by t1. &+()& (+mmu,'ty, t1'C >)C +ft., ',t.2p2.t.d )C ), )(t +f 2.C'Ct),(.. I, 2.(.,t y.)2C, 1+>.v.2, m.t1+d'()& ),d .p'C­ t.m+&+5'()& d.v.&+pm.,t ', (&)CC'()& )2(1).+&+5y 1)C ()&&.d ',t+ qu.Ct'+, t1. .x'Ct',5 ',t.2p2.t)t'+,C +f (u&tu2)& (1),5.C du2',5 t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( ),d t1. R+m), p.2'+d. N.> p.2Cp.(t'v.C ', 1um),'t'.C d'C(+u2C., t1. p+Ct(+&+,')& t1.+2y ', p)2t'(u&)2, 1)v. ()uC.d C(1+&)2C t+ 2.-.v)&u)t. t2)d't'+,)& )CCumpt'+,C. T1. .mp1)C'C f)&&C +, t1. (+mp&.x'ty +f (2+CC-(u&tu2)& ',t.2)(t'+, b.t>.., t1. (+&+,'?',5 ),d (+&+,'?.d 52+upC. Ep'Ct.m+&+5'()& (1),5.C 1)v. )&C+ +((u22.d ', Cyp2'+t )2(1).+&+5y. D.t)'&.d GIS ),)&yC'C +f +&d )2(1)­ .+&+5'()& d)t) )C >.&& )C ,.> .x()v)t'+, >+2AC ',(&ud',5 t1+C. ', Am)t1+uC, Id)&'+,, N() P)p1+C ),d ', t1. 2u2)& C't.C Cu(1 )C At1'(,+u-M)&&+u2), P),)y') Em)t+uC) 1)v. &.d t+ ,.> ',t.2p2.t)t'+,C +f 1+> Cyp2'+t (u&tu2. (1),5.d u,d.2 R+m), 2u&.. I,Ct.)d +f ) +,.->)y R+m),'?)t'+, p2+(.CC, b+t1 &+()& Cyp2'+t ),d f+2.'5, )2(1).+&+5'Ct 1)v. b.5u, t+ p.2(.'v. t1. 'mp)(t +f t1. R+m), (u&tu2. )C ) d.v.&+p',5, p&u2)&'Ct'( d')&+5u. +f d'ff.2.,t t2.,dC 2.f&.(t',5 t1. 'C&),d’C mu&t'(u&tu2)& p)Ct. The cult of heroes in Roman Cyprus p2+j.(t f',),(.d by t1. P+&'C1 N)t'+,)& S('.,(. C.,t.2 )>)2d.d +, t1. b)C'C +f d.('C'+, ,umb.2 DEC-2012/07 ZN /HS3 /00858 1)C m)d. ) Cm)&& (+,t2'but'+, t+ t1. b2+)d.2 v'v'd )()d.m'( d'C(+u2C. +, R+m), Cyp2uC. T1. 2.C.)2(1 f+(uC.d +, t1. 2.&'­ 5'+uC &),dC()p. ', 5.,.2)& ),d t1. >+2C1'p +f 1.2+.C ', p)2t'(u&)2. T1. >+2C1'p +f 1.2+.C 'C +,. +f t1. m+Ct f)C(',)t',5 )Cp.(tC +f t1. G2..A 2.&'5'+,. H.2+.C >.2. t1. .CC.,(. +f t1. C+('.ty f2+m >1'(1 t1.y ()m.. A((+2d',5 t+ G. H..d2., (1991), t1. m)', d'ff.2.,(. b.t>.., t1. >+2C1'p +f 1.2+.C ),d O&ymp'( 5+dC &'.C ', t1. 5.+52)p1'()& &'m'tC +f t1. (u&t. W1'&. ) 1.2+-(u&t >)C m+Ct +ft., 2.Ct2'(t.d t+ ) p)2t'(u&)2 &+()&'ty, t1. >+2C1'p +f t1. O&ymp'), 5+dC >)C uCu)&&y >'d.Cp2.)d. H.,(., t2)(',5 t1. 1.2+.C’ (u&t 5'v.C ) 5++d ',C'51t ',t+ t1. &+()& 2.&'5'+uC t2)d't'+,, >1'(1 'C v.2y 'mp+2t),t >'t1', t1. d'C(+u2C. )b+ut t1. (+mp&.x'ty +f t1. R+m),'?)t'+, p2+(.CC. I, t1. (u&tu2. +f ),y C+('.ty, t1.2. )2. v)&u.C >1'(1 f+2m t1. b)C'C +f 'tC 'd.,t'ty ),d ,+t1',5 2.f&.(tC t1.m b.tt.2 t1), t1. 2.&'5'+uC Cp1.2..

INTRODUCTION CYPRUS DURING THE ROMAN PERIOD:

SOME REMARKS

Annexation Cyp2uC, t1. t1'2d &)25.Ct 'C&),d ', t1. M.d't.22),.),, ()m. u,d.2 R+m), d+m',)t'+, ', 58 BC. T1. Ct+2y 'C t+&d ', P&ut)2(1'C b'+52)p1y +f Y+u,5.2 C)t+ (P&ut)2(1, C)t+ M',+2: 3438) >1+ >)C d'Cp)t(1.d t+ 'mp&.m.,t t1. ),,.x)t'+,. F+2(.d t+ )bd'()t.. K',5 Pt+&.my (+mm'tt.d Cu'('d.; 1'C p+CC.CC'+,C ),d t2.)Cu2. >.2. )u(t'+,.d +ff ),d t1. &),d >)C ),,.x.d u,d.2 t1. 2u&. +f R+m. (B.AA.2-N'.&C., 2004, 55). B+t1 t1. Cu2v'v',5 &'t.2)2y ),d .p'52)p1'()& .v'd.,(. f2+m t1)t f'2Ct p1)C. +f t1. R+m), )dm','Ct2)t'+, ',d'()t.C t1)t Cyp2uC >)C u,d.2 t1. 2.Cp+,C'b'&'ty +f t1. p2+(+,Cu& +f C'&'('), )&t1+u51 &'tt&. 'C A,+>, )b+ut t1)t p.2'+d (H'&& 1940, 226-7, 254-6; M'tf+2d 1980, 1291-2). Num'Cm)t'( .v'd.,(. (+,f'2mC &'t.2)2y )((+u,tC (App'),, B.&&um C'v'&.: 5.1.9, 5.6.52; C)CC'uC D'+: 42.35.4-6) +f t1. 2.Ct+2)t'+, +f Pt+&.m)'( 2u&. )t &.)Ct f+2 C+m. p.2'+d +f t'm. b.t>.., 48/7 t+ 30 BC. Ju&'uC C).C)2, )C R+m), (+,Cu&, 2.tu2,.d t1. 'C&),d t+ E5ypt ),d 't .ff.(t'v.&y f.&& u,d.2 E5ypt’C (+,t2+&. T1. m',t +f P)p1+C 2.Cum.d 'tC )(t'v'ty ', 47 BC ),d b2+,?. (+',C >.2. Ct2u(A >'t1 t1. ,)m.C +f C&.+p)t2) ),d Pt+&.my XV C).C)2'+,*. Fu2t1.2m+2., M)2A A,t+,y (+,f'2m.d t1. d+,)t'+, +f t1. 'C&),d t+ t1. Pt+&.m'.C ((f. P&ut)2(1, A,t1+,y: 54.4; C)CC'uC D'+: 49.41.1-3). Ou2 A,+>&.d5. )b+ut t1. Pt+&.m)'( 2.Ct+2)t'+, ),d t1.'2 5+v.2,m.,t +f Cyp2uC 'C m+2. t1), juCt f2)5m.,t)2y ),d t1. &+()& 2.)(t'+, t+ 't 2.m)',C f2uCt2)t',5&y +bC(u2. (HuCC.', 2014, 79). F',)&&y, )ft.2 t1. d.f.)t +f A,t1+,y ),d C&.+p)t2) VII, O(t)v'), 2.5)',.d (+,t2+& +f t1. 'C&),d ', 30 BC. T1. Ct)tuC +f t1. 'C&),d ),d 1+> 't >)C )dm','Ct.2.d f2+m 30-27 BC 'C u,A,+>,. F2+m 27 BC, Cyp2uC >)C 5+v.2,.d t12+u51 &.5)t.C .,d+>.d >'t1 'mp.2'um p2+ p2).t+2'..

Administration I, 22 BC, Cyp2uC >)C 2.tu2,.d t+ C.,)t+2')& 2u&. ),d b.()m. ) pub&'( p2+v',(. 5+v.2,.d by p2+(+,Cu&C. T+ p2.v.,t ) p2+(+,Cu& f2+m 5)',',5 t++ mu(1 p+>.2, t1. )dm','Ct2)t'v. (1),5. >)C t+ C1+2t., t+ t1. &.,5t1 +f t1. y.)2 (M'(1).&'d(C 1990, 115). P+tt.2 (2000,786)

1 B'(A,.&& (1977) p2+p+C.d ), )&t.2,)t'v. C.qu.,(. )((+2d',5 t+ >1'(1 C&.+p)t2) 2u&.d t1. 'C&),d b.t>.., 44-41 ),d 2.5)',.d 't )2+u,d 35

10

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

1)C +bC.2v.d t1)t m., >1+ 5+v.2,.d pub&'( p2+v',(.C +ft., d'd ,+t 2'C. )b+v. t1. p2)(t+2C1'p. T1'C m.),C t1)t Cyp2'+tC ,+t +bt)',.d mu(1 +ut +f ) 5++d 2.&)t'+,C1'p >'t1 t1. p2+(+,Cu& ),d 1)d &'m't.d )((.CC t+ 1'51 2),A',5 R+m), ,+b'&'ty. V.2y &'tt&. 'C A,+>, )b+ut m+Ct +f t1. R+m), p2+(+,Cu&C +f Cyp2uC t1.mC.&v.C. T1. Cyp2'+t p2+(+,Cu&, )&+,5 >'t1 1'C 2.t',u. +f ('v'& +ff'(')&C ),d 1'C (+1+2tC p2).t+2'), >)C t1. C+u2(. +f )&& 'mp.2')& )ut1+2'ty. H. +v.2C)> v)2'+uC )Cp.(tC +f p2+v',(')& )dm','Ct2)t'+, (..5. 2.C+&v',5 d'Cput.C, +v.2C..',5 t1. m)',t.,),(. +f 2+)dC, .,Cu2',5 t1)t ('t'.C d'd ,+t b),A2upt t1.mC.&v.C, m)',t)',',5 pub&'( +2d.2 ),d m+2)&'ty) ),d C.2v.d )C t1. A.y (+,t)(t b.t>.., t1. Cyp2'+tC ),d t1. .mp.2+2. B.()uC. +f t1. 'C&),d’C p+C't'+, ', ), )2.) +f t1. R+m), Emp'2. t1)t >)C Ct)b'&'C.d by p)x 2+m),), t1. p2+(+,Cu& >)C ,+t ', (1)25. +f ), )2my t1)t >)C p.2m),.,t&y Ct)t'+,.d +, t1. IC&),d (f+2 d'C(uCC'+, +, .x(.pt'+,C C..: P+tt.2 2000, 813; HuCC.', 2014, f++t,+t. 251). S.v.2)& +t1.2 +ff'(')&C )CC'Ct.d t1. p2+(+,Cu& ', t1. )dm','Ct2)t'+, +f R+m), Cyp2uC. T1. &.5)tuC (+u&d b. )CC'5,.d t+ C+m. +f t1. p2+(+,Cu&’C &.CC 'mp+2t),t jud'(')& fu,(t'+,C >1.2.)C t1. qu).Ct+2 p&)y.d t1. A.y 2+&. ', t.2mC +f m+,'t+2',5 p2+v',(')& f',),(.C ),d (+&&.(t',5 t)x.C. B.C'd. t1. )b+v.m.,t'+,.d +ff'(')&C, 'mp.2')& p2+(u2)t+2C—+ff'(')&C +f .qu.Ct2'), 2),A >1+ )dm','Ct.2.d t1. .mp.2+2’C p2+p.2ty +2 'mp.2')& m+,+p+&'.C—>.2. )&C+ Ct)t'+,.d +, t1. 'C&),d. T1. b.Ct .x)mp&. +f t1'C +ff'(. ', Cyp2uC >)C t1. p2+(u2)t+2 +f t1. (+pp.2 m',.C.

Internal division T1. ',t.2,)& ('f ),y) d'v'C'+, +f t1. 'C&),d 'C ,+t (&.)2. T1. 2,d (.,tu2y AD 5.+52)p1.2 C&)ud'uC Pt+&.my ', 1'C G.+52)p1') (5.14.1 -7) d'v'd.d Cyp2uC ',t+ f+u2 d'Ct2'(tC: >.Ct.2, >'t1 N.) ),d P)&)' P)p1+C, C+t1.m >'t1 K+u2'+,, Am)t1+uC ),d K't'+,, .)Ct.2, >'t1 S)&)m'C ),d t1. ,+2t1 +,. Cp2.)d',5 f2+m K)2p)C') t'&& A2C',+.. T1.2. 'C ,+ d+ubt t1)t S)&)m'C ),d N.) P)p1+C >.2. (+,C'd.2.d )C t1. p2'm)t. ('t'.C +f .)Ct ),d >.Ct Cyp2uC 2.Cp.(t'v.&y but ) p'(tu2. +f t1. Ct)tuC +f t1. p)2t'(u&)2 p&)(.C 'C f)2 f2+m (+mp&.t. ((f. M'tf+2d 1980, 1308-1341). U,f+2tu,)t.&y, ,+ .p'52)p1'( .v'd.,(. +f ) (+mp&.t. &'Ct +f ('t'.C +f R+m), Cyp2uC .x'CtC. T1. p+&.'C +f R+m), Cyp2uC )2. 2.(+2d.d by C.v.2)& ),('.,t )ut1+2C (..5. St2)b+, G.+52)p1'(): 14.6.1-3; P&',y E&d.2, H'Ct+2') N)tu2)&'C: 5.130) T1. &'t.2)2y C+u2(.C v)2y ),d d+ ,+t p2+v'd. uC >'t1 ) (+mp&.t. p'(tu2. +f t1. ('v'( Ct)tuC +f Cyp2'+t. ('t'.C. T1. m+Ct 5.,.2)&&y )((.pt.d &'Ct +f t1. p+&.'C 'C t1. +,. p2.C.,t.d ', t1. C.v.,t1 (.,tu2y AD by G.+25'uC Cyp2'uC (D.C(2'pt'+ O2b'C R+m),': 1096-1110) ',(&ud',5 K't'+,, Am)t1+uC, K+u2'+,, P)p1+C, A2C',+., S+&+', L)p.t1uC, K.2y,.'), T)m)CCuC, C1yt2+', K)2p)C'), ),d S)&)m'C (Figure 7). T1. R+m), )ut1+2't'.C p.2m'tt.d t1. Cyp2'+t ('t'.C C+m. d.52.. +f &+()& p+&'t'()& )ut+,+my. M),y ('v'( +ff'(.C .Ct)b&'C1.d u,d.2 t1. Pt+&.m'.C (+,t',u.d t+ fu,(t'+,. M+Ct ('t'.C 1)d ), +&'5)2(1'( b+u&. C.&.(t.d by )2(1+,C. It >)C 2.Cp+,C'b&. f+2 mu,'('p)& )ff)'2C Cu(1 )C: ('v'( 2+)dC, m),)5.m.,t +f pub&'( p2+p.2ty, bu'&d',5 p2+j.(tC, 52)', ),d >)t.2 Cupp&y, t1. (+&&.(t'+, +f &+()& t)x.C .t(., ),d t1. )>)2d',5 +f 1+,+u2C t+ v)2'+uC R+m), ),d &+()& >+2t1'.C. I, )((+2d),(. >'t1 t1. ‘R+m),’ >)y +f (2.)t',5 pub&'( Cp)(., b+t1 )dm','Ct2)t'v. ),d &+()& d.('C'+,C b2+u51t t+ t1. p+&.'C t1. &)25.-C()&. pub&'( bu'&d',5C (+,Ct2u(t.d u,d.2 Au5uCtuC, A,t+,',.C, ),d t1. S.v.2'), dy,)Cty ', p)2t'(u&)2. T1. u2b), Cp)(. b.()m.

INTRODUCTION

11

F'5u2. 1. M)p +f R+m), ('t'.C.

v.2y 'mp+2t),t ', t1. (u&tu2. Cp1.2.. F2+m .p'52)p1'( .v'd.,(. >. A,+> t1)t &+()& .&'t.C u,d.2&',.d t1.'2 C+(')& Ct)tuC by )d+pt',5 d'ff.2.,t ‘mu,'('p)&’ fu,(t'+,C Cu(1 )C t1. 5ym,)C')2(1, .p1.b)2(1, +2 )5+,+t1.t.C. T1+C., >1+ >),t.d t+ .xp2.CC t1.'2 Ct)tuC b.y+,d t1. mu,'('p)& &.v.&, p)2t'('p)t.d ', t1. K+',+, Kyp2'+,. T1'C ',Ct'tut'+,, (1)2)(t.2'Ct'( +f t1. R+m), .2), 'C )&C+ m.,t'+,.d ', t>+ ',C(2'pt'+,C d)t.d t+ t1. &)t. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d (M'tf+2d 1961), 37, 39; P)p),t+,'+u 2012, 154). A&& Cyp2'+t. ('t'.C p)2t'('p)t.d ', t1. A+',+,. O25),'?.d )2+u,d t1. 'mp.2')& (u&t, t1. A+',+, >)C ), ',Ct'tut'+, 2.Cp+,C'b&. f+2 t1. +25),'C)t'+, +f v)2'+uC 2.&'5'+uC f.Ct'v)&C, 1)d t1. 2'51t t+ m',t (+pp.2 (+',C, ),d >)C ()p)b&. +f 2.p2.C.,t',5 Cyp2uC’ ',t.2.CtC (+2p+2)t.&y (M'(1).&'d.C 1990, 120). S+m. +f 'tC 1'51 p2'.CtC b.()m. )mb)CC)d+2C t+ t1. .mp.2+2C ),d t2)v.&&.d t+ R+m.. A2(1).+&+5'()& d)t) 2.v.)&C t1)t t1. 5+v.2,m.,t +f Cyp2uC >)C 2)t1.2 .ff'('.,t, >'t1 m+Ct&y p+C't'v. ',t.2)(t'+,C >'t1 &+()&C ),d &+()& (+mmu,'t'.C, )&t1+u51 t1. ,)m. +f +,. +f p2+(+,Cu&C—T1.+d+2uC—>)C (u2C.d ', ) d.f'x'+ t)b&.t f+u,d )t Am)t1+uC (W'&b2u, 2005, 210; HuCC.', 2014, 67-69).

Economy

R+m), +25),'C)t'+, +f t1. 'C&),d’C .(+,+my >)C f+u,d.d up+, p2.-.x'Ct',5 H.&&.,'Ct'( Ct2u(tu2.C. A&t1+u51 m.t)&&u25y ),d C1'pbu'&d',5 2.m)',.d t1. p2',('p)& (&.m.,t +f t1. C+-()&&.d ‘1.)vy ',duCt2y’ +f ),q'.,t Cyp2uC (R)pt+u 1996, 256), Ct'&& t1.'2 v)&u.

12

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

C1+u&d ,+t b. +v.2.Ct'm)t.d. T1. m',.C y'.&d.d p2+f't f+2 t1. 'C&),d but t1.'2 C'5,'f'(),(. d.(&',.d >'t1 t'm., ),d )C .)2&y )C ', t1. b.5',,',5 +f t1. 4°’ (.,tu2y AD, t1. (+pp.2 ',duCt2y 1)d )&m+Ct f)d.d ',t+ ',C'5,'f'(),(.. T1. 'mp+2t),(. +f C1'p bu'&d',5 ((f. Amm'),uC M)2(.&&',uC: 14.8.14) m)y 1)v. &)Ct.d C&'51t&y &+,5.2. A2(1).+&+5'()& .,qu'2y )&C+ d.m+,Ct2)t.d t1)t p2+du(t'+, +f m',.2)& m.d'()m.,tC (M'(1).&'d.C 1996, 139), f',. p+tt.2y, ),d (+)2C. >)2.C (H)y.C 1967, 65-74; 1977, 96) >.2. )t &.)Ct .qu)&&y 'mp+2t),t .&.m.,tC +f t1. .(+,+m'( Cp1.2.. C+,t',u.d p2+f't f+2 t1. Cyp2'+t. .(+,+my >)C )&C+ p2+v'd.d by t2)d. ', )52'(u&tu2. p2+du(tC. L't.2)2y C+u2(.C (..5. St2)b+, G.+52)p1'()& 14.6.5) ',d'()t. t1)t Cyp2'+t. )52'(u&tu2. 2.&'.d m)',&y +, t1. (u&t'v)t'+, +f Cu(1 b)C'( p2+du(tC )C 52)',, 52)p.C f+2 >',., ),d +&'v.C f+2 +'&. M)2',. 2.C+u2(.C p&)y.d ) m',+2 .(+,+m'( 2+&.. F'C1 )2. 2)2.&y m.,t'+,.d ', C+u2(.C ),d t1.2. 'C ,+ .v'd.,(. f+2 t1. p2+du(t'+, +f C)&t f'C1 ,+2 5)2um +, ) &)25. C()&. (B.AA.2-N'.&C., 2004, 60). U,f+2tu,)t.&y, ,+t mu(1 'C A,+>, )b+ut t1. +25),'?)t'+, +f Cyp2'+t. )52'(u&tu2. du2',5 t1. R+m), p.2'+d. B.AA.2-N'.&C., (2004, 61) 1)C .Ct'm)t.d t1)t )2+u,d t1. b.5',,',5 +f +u2 .2) t1. 2)t'+ +f u2b), t+ 2u2)& p+pu&)t'+, >)C ,+t m+2. t1), 1 t+ 5. A&t1+u51 ) 52)du)& m+v.m.,t +f p.+p&. t+ m)j+2 ('ty-(.,t2.C 'C ,+t.d, t1. (1),5. ', C.tt&.m.,t p)tt.2,C >)C ,+t C+ 52.)t ),d, )ft.2 ), ',t.2m.d')t. p.2'+d, t1. &)t. R+m), Cyp2'+t. (+u,t2yC'd. f&+u2'C1.d ((f. R)utm), 2000; M),,',5 .t )&. 2002). T1.2. >.2. ,+ m)j+2 &)tyfu,d') ,+2 'mp.2')& .Ct)t.C +, t1. 'C&),d. T1. .(+,+my, )C M'(1).&'d.C (1996, 140) Cu55.Ct.d, &)y ', t1. 1),dC +f >.)&t1y &),d+>,.2C ),d t1+C. ',v+&v.d ', (+mm.2(.. At t1. b.5',,',5 +f Imp.2')& 2u&., t1. ('t'.C +f Cyp2uC >.2. (+,,.(t.d by 5++d R+m),C 2+)dC. T1.y p&)y.d ), 'mp+2t),t 2+&. ', t1. p2+(.CC +f )((.&.2)t',5 t2)d. d.v.&+pm.,t. It 'C >+2t1 m.,t'+,',5 t1)t t2)d',5 )(t'v't'.C )2+u,d t1. Cyp2'+t (+)Ct )&C+ ',(2.)C.d f2+m t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d (M++2. 2003). T1. 'mp+2t),(. +f t1. 'C&),d ', m)2't'm. ,.t>+2AC 'C u,d.2&',.d by t1. &)25. ,umb.2 +f p+2tC, 1)2b+u2C, ),d ),(1+2)5.C. T1.C. )2( 'd.,t'f'.d b+t1 by )2(1).+&+5'()& ',v.Ct'5)t'+, ),d )2. &'Ct.d ', ),('.,t &'t.2)2y C+u2(.C (L.+,)2d 1995, 227-242). UC.d )C .,t.2p+2tC, p+',tC f+2 ',t2)-2.5'+,)& t2)d., +2 juCt )C Ct+pC f+2 C1'pC t2)v.&',5 t+ +t1.2 d.Ct',)t'+,C, t1.y d.m+,Ct2)t. t1. (+mp&.x 2),5. +f m)2't'm. t2)d. )(t'v't'.C (M++2. 2003, 229). T1),AC t+ t1.m, Cyp2'+tC >.2. .,2'(1.d t12+u51 t1.'2 p)2t'('p)t'+, ', t1. 'mp.2')& .(+,+my >'t1 m)2A.tC t1)t (+,Cum.d 5++dC f2+m d'Ct),t 2.5'+,C (P+tt.2 2000, 842-49). T1. 'C&),d +f Cyp2uC ),d 'tC p.+p&. fu,(t'+,.d )C ) p2+(+,Cu&)2 p2+v',(. 5+v.2,.d by t1. R+m), C.,)t. u,t'& D'+(&.t'), t2),Cf.22.d 'tC )dm','Ct2)t'+, t+ t1. p2).t+2'), p2.f.(t +f A,t'+(1 ', 293 AD. H.,(., f+2 +v.2 320 y.)2C, Cyp2uC’ p+&'t'()&, .(+,+m'(, ),d (u&tu2)& &'f. >)C (+,d't'+,.d by 'tC 5.+p+&'t'()& p+C't'+, )C ) d'Ct),t 'mp.2')& p2+v',(. )dm','Ct.2.d f2+m R+m..

SACRED LANDSCAPE

Change in the sacred landscape? T1. d.t)'& d.v.&+pm.,t +f Cyp2'+t. C),(tu)2'.C ', t1. R+m), p.2'+d 1)C ,+t y.t b.., t1. Cubj.(t +f ',-d.pt1 2.C.)2(1. W1'&. m),y Cyp2'+t. C't.C d)t. f2+m t1. 5.,.2)& G2.(+ (H.&&.,'Ct'()-R+m), p.2'+d, b)C.d +, d)t) (+&&.(t.d du2',5 t1. p2+j.(t (C.. )&C+ App.,d'x), ),d 2.C.)2(1 (+,du(t.d by U&b2'(1t (2008) ),d P)p),t+,'+u (2012), 't (), b. C)'d t1)t +,&y )b+ut 36 C),(tu)2y C't.C (',(&ud',5 u2b),, .xt2) u2b),, ),d 2u2)& +,.C) p2+v'd. 2.&')b&. .v'd.,(. +f 2.&'5'+uC (u&t du2',5 t1. R+m), t'm.C (Figure 2). T1'C ,umb.2 C1+u&d b. (+,f2+,t.d >'t1 t1. ()t)&+5u. +f 106 C),(tu)2y C't.C f2+m t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d (P)p),t+,'+u 2012, 382-384) ),d >'t1 m+2. t1), 80 E)2&y C12'Ct'), b)C'&'()C (P)p)5.+251'+u 1985) >1'(1 C'm'&)2&y t+ t1. ),('.,t C),(tu)2'.C p&)y.d ), 'mp+2t),t 2+&. b+t1 ', 2.&'5'+uC &'f. ),d ', t1. p2+(.CC +f ',C(2'b',5 C+(')& m.m+2y (P)p),t+,'+u, V'+,'C 2017). Su(1 ) d'Cp2+p+2t'+, t+ t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( C),(tu)2'.C f'2Ct +bC.2v.d by P)p),t+,'+u (2012, 157) (+u&d b. ',t.2p2.t.d ('t1.2 )C ) fu,d)m.,t)& (1),5. ', p2)(t'(. +2 )C ) Cudd., d.(2.)C. ', 2.&'5'+uC )(t'v't'.C. I, t1. ()C. +f R+m), Cyp2uC, b+t1 t1.+2'.C >.2. p2+p+C.d. H+>.v.2, ) (&+C.2 &++A )t t1. 2.&'5'+uC &),dC()p. 2.v.)&C ) 2)t1.2 m+2. (+mp&'()t.d p'(tu2..

Gradual development

O, t1. 2.&'5'+uC m)p +f R+m), Cyp2uC, m+Ct )(t'v. C),(tu)2'.C, &'A. du2',5 t1. Pt+&.my 2.'5,, >.2. &+()t.d )&+,5 t1. (+Ct, m)',&y ', t1. m)j+2 ('t'.C. T1.y ',(&ud.d t1. C),(tu)2y +f Ap12+d't. )t P)&)'p)p1+C ', t1. C+ut1>.Ct.2, p)2t +f t1. 'C&),d, t1. t.mp&. +f Ap12+d't. )t Am)t1+uC ),d Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C )t K+u2'um +, t1. C+ut1.2, (+)Ct, ),d t1. t.mp&. +f Z.uC O&ymp'(C )t S)&)m'C ', t1. ()Ct (Figure 3). A&& t1.C. C't.C p2.C.2v. .v'd.,(. +f 2.&'5'+uC p2)(t'(. d)t',5 b)(A t+ t1. .)2&y I2+, A5. >1'&. t1.y >.2. 5'v., ) m+2. m+,um.,t)& f+2m u,d.2 t1. 2u&. +f t1. Pt+&.m)'( dy,)Cty >1., t1. 'C&),d b.5), t+ b. 2u&.d )C +,. +25),'Cm. T1.2. >)C ,+ b2.)A ', t1. fu,(t'+,',5 +f ),y Cyp2'+t. C),(tu)2y t1)t m)y b. (+,,.(t.d >'t1 R+m), ),,.x)t'+, +f t1. 'C&),d ,+2 ),y Cudd., (1),5. ', 2.&'5'+uC p2)(t'(.. F2+m t1. A,,)&.C +f T)('tuC (3.62), >. A,+> t1)t Cyp2'+t. )CA.d t+ 2.t)', t1. 2'51tC +f )Cy&') f+2 t12.. m)', C),(tu)2'.C: P)&)'p)p1+C, Am)t1+uC ),d S)&)m'C. T1. 2.&.v),t p)CCuC 'C )C f+&&+>C: The Cypriotes followed with an appealfor three shrines — the oldest erected by their founder Aerias to the Paphian Venus; the second by his son Amathus to the Amathusian Venus; and a third by Teucer, exiled by the anger of his father Telamon, to Jove ofSalamis.

14

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

F'5u2. 2. M)p +f R+m), C),(tu)2y C't.C. 1 A(1,), 2 Am)25.tt', 3 Am)t1+uC-)(2+p+&'C, 4 Am)t1+uC A5+2), 5 Am)t1+uC A5+2), 6 Am)t1+uC N+2t1 G)t., 7 A2C+C,

8 C1),t2'), 9 C1yt2+', 10 G+&5+'-H)5'+C P1+t'+C, 11 Id)&'+,-M+utt' t+u A2v'&', 12 Id)&'+,-C'ty S),(tu)2y, 13 K(2y,(')R.5)t'A+,, 14 K't'+,, 15 K+u2'+,-Ap+&&+ Hy&)t(C, 16 L)m)()-S)&',(C, 17 L.d2), 18 L.fA+,'A+, 19 L+u2+udj',), 20 M)&&+u2), 21 N.) P)p1+C-P1),)2', 22 N.) P)p1+C-G)22'C+,’C ()mp, 23 N() P)p1+C-F)b2'(), 24 N() P)p1+C-S.pt'muC

S.v.2, 25 P)&)'p)p1+C, 26 P1)C+u&), 27 Py&), 28 Py2+'-E&'), 29 R),t'd', 30 R'?+A)2p)CC+ (C1.&+,(C), 31 S)&)m'C, 32 S+&+'-)(2+p+&'C, 33 S+&+'-C1+&)d(C, 34 T)m)CC+C, 35 T)m)CC+C, 36 V+,'

A, ',C(2'pt'+, f+u,d ', 2.uC.d m)t.2')& ', Am)t1+uC'), )5+2) ',d'()t.C t1)t t1'C p2.Ct'5'+uC 2'51t >)C ',d..d (+,f'2m.d (H.2m)2y 2015, 36).

Traditional patterns

W2'51t (1992,188), >1+ >2+t. ) (+mp.,d'um +fA,('.,t Cyp2'+t. )2(1't.(tu2., u,d.2&',.C t1)t C+m. +f t1. Cyp2'+t. 2.&'5'+uC t2)d't'+, >)C ) sanctuary as a prime unit in itself situated in natural surroundings and more or less independent ofany urban development. Su(1 ) d.C(2'pt'+, Cu't.C t1. R+m), C),(tu)2y +f Ap12+d't. ', P)&)'p)p1+C p.2f.(t&y, >1'(1 p&)y.d t1. m+Ct C'5,'f'(),t 2+&., )C G+2d+, (2012) (&.)2&y d.m+,Ct2)t.d, ', t1. p2+(.CC +f bu'&d',5 ),d t2),Cf.22',5 Cyp2'+t 'd.,t'ty. T1. f'2Ct m+,um.,t)& C12',. +, t1. C't. >)C .2.(t.d ', (. 1200 BC. A&t1+u51, >. (),,+t ,+> 2.(+,Ct2u(t 't ', .v.2y d.t)'&, 't 'C (.2t)', t1)t 't 2.p2.C.,t.d t1. C+-()&&.d N.)2 E)Ct.2, typ. +f (+u2t C),(tu)2y >'t1 ) &)25. +p., (u&t )2.) ),d ) Cm)&&.2, (+v.2.d 1+&y-+f-1+&'(C (Figure 4). W1., t1. &)Ct

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15

F'5u2. 3. M)p +f m)', R+m), C),(tu)2y C't.C.

F'5u2. 4. S),(tu)2y ', P)p1+C—2.(+,Ct2u(t'+, +f .)2&y p1)C.. D2)>',5 b)C.d +, M)'.2 2010, 44.

K',5 +f P)&)'p)p1+C, N'A+A&.C, m+v.d 1'C ()p't)& )t t1. .,d +f t1. 4&1 (.,tu2y BC t+ t1. ,.>&y-f+u,d.d N.) P)p1+C, t1. C),(tu)2y 2.t)',.d 'tC 'mp+2t),(.. G2)du)&&y, 't b.()m. t1. f'2Ct p), Cyp2'+t., ),d &)t.2 ), 'mp+2t),t p),-M.d't.22),.), p'&52'm)5. (.,t2..

16

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

30

J

F'5u2. 5. S),(tu)2y ', P)&)'p)p1+C—p&),. D2)>',5 b)C.d +, M)'.2 2010, 40.

M.

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17

U,f+2tu,)t.&y, t1. )2(1).+&+5'()& 2.m)',C +f R+m), t+>, ),d C),(tu)2y 1)v. ,+t b.., .x)m',.d ', d.t)'&. Aft.2 t1. d)m)5. +f 77/78 AD .)2t1qu)A., t1. >1+&. Ct2u(tu2. 1)d t+ b. 2.bu'&t {Figure 5, Plate 1). I, t1. ,.> p)2t—t1. C+-()&&.d S),(tu)2y II—.mp1)C'C >)C f+(uC.d +, Ct2u(tu2.C >1'(1 C..m t+ 1)v. C.2v.d )C ) (u&tu2)& b),qu.t',5 1)&& f+2 p'&52'mC v'C't',5 t1. C)(2.d p&)(. (K)2)5(+251'C 2005, 33). T1. )2(1't.(tu2. +f t1. 1.)2t +f t1. C),(tu)2y 2.m)',.d (&+C. t+ t1. t2)d't'+,)& Cyp2'+t t.m(,+C ),d t1. (u&t Ct)tu. +f t1. 5+dd.CC A.pt t1. ),'(+,'( C1)p. +f b).ty& (W2'51t 1992, 188). T1. 'm)5. +f t1. t2'p)2t'2. P)&)'p)p1+C C),(tu)2y +, t1. R+m), (+',C 'CCu.d by t1. K+',+, Kyp2'+, f2+m F'5u2. 6. A 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, +f t1. t.mp&. +f Ap12+d't. t1. 1 Ct-32d (.,tu2'.C (Am),d2y 2016; )t P)&)'p)p1+C +, (+', f2+m t1. 2.'5, +f C)2)()&&)— Figure 6) u,d.2&',.C t1. C'5,'f'(),(. +f d2)>',5 b)C.d +, t1. E,(y(&+p.d') B'b&'(). )2(1)'( 2.&'5'+uC .&.m.,tC up t+ )t &.)Ct t1. m'dd&. R+m), p.2'+d. T1. .xt2) mu2)& C),(tu)2y C't. )t S+&+'-C1+&)d.C (+,Ct'tut.C ),+t1.2 .x)mp&. +f ) t2)d't'+,)& Cyp2'+t. C),(tu)2y. It >)C .x()v)t.d ),d pub&'C1.d by A. W.Ct1&+m (1936) f2+m t1. S>.d'C1 Cyp2uC Exp.d't'+,. B)C.d +, 1'C Ct2)t'52)p1y, 't C..mC t1)t ', t1. R+m), p.2'+d f'v. t.mp&.C fu,(t'+,.d: B, C, D, E, ),d F. O2'5',)&&y, t1. C),(tu)2y >)C d.d'()t.d t+ t1. >+2C1'p +f Ap12+d't.. I, t1. f'2Ct, H.&&.,'Ct'( p1)C. +f t1. C),(tu)2y, Ct.pC ),d ) Cm)&& v.Ct'bu&. p2+v'd.d .,t2y t+ ) &+,5'tud',)& (+u2t b.1',d >1'(1 &)'d t+ ) t2)v.2C. (+u2t >'t1 ) Cqu)2'C1 bu'&d',5—) t.mp&. {Figure 7). Adj)(.,t t+ t1. ',,.2 (+u2t >.2. t1. 2.m)',C +f ) Ct2u(tu2. >1'(1 m)y 1)v. b.., ) p2'.Ct’C 1+uC.. I, t1. CubC.qu.,t bu'&d',5 p1)C., t1. +2'5',)& (.&&) 2.m)',.d u,(1),5.d but t1. +ut.2 (+u2ty)2d >)C .,&)25.d ),d ', t1. p&)(. +f t1. p+CC'b&. p2'.Ct’C 1+uC., ) C.(+,d bu'&d',5 (T.mp&. C) >)C (+,Ct2u(t.d. I, t1'C >)y, T.mp&. A >)C 2.p&)(.d by ) d+ub&. t.mp&. {Figure 8) >1+C. .x'Ct.,(. 'C m+Ct p2+b)b&y ,+t.d by St2)b+ (G.+52)p1'()& 14.6.3). It C..mC t1)t t1. C+-()&&.d T.mp&. D >)C (+,t.mp+2)2y t+ t1. )b+v.-m.,t'+,.d Ct2u(tu2.C. F2+m t1. E)Ct, Ct)'2C &.d up t+ ), +p., (+u2ty)2d. At t1. 2.)2 +f t1. (+u2t, ) ,)22+> t.22)(. >)C bu'&t ', f2+,t +f ) t>+-(.&&) bu'&d',5. A&t1+u51 t1. C),(tu)2y +f S+&+'-C1+&)d.C >)C d.v.&+p.d &)t. ', t1. Pt+&.m)'( ),d .)2&y R+m), p.2'+d, 'tC )2(1't.(tu2. f+&&+>.d t1. m+d.& +f ), +2'.,t)& C),(tu)2y (+,C'Ct',5 +f &)25. Cqu)2. (+u2tC (+,,.(t.d t+ Cm)&& 2++mC >1'(1 f+2m.d t1. 1+&y-+f-1+&'.C. T1. C)m. p&),, >'t1 m',+2 m+d'f'()t'+,C, >)C )&C+ uC.d &)t.2, >1., t.mp&. E ),d F >.2. bu'&t. AC t'm. p)CC.d, t1. bu'&d',5C ',(2.)C.d ', ,umb.2, b.()m. m+2. m+,um.,t)& ),d m+2. (+,,.(t.d >'t1 .)(1 +t1.2, )&t1+u51 Ct'&& ,+,. +f C1+&)d.C Ct2u(tu2.C )(qu'2.d t1. f+2m +f ) G2..A-Cty&. t.mp&. (P)p),t+,'u 2009, 285).

18

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

F'5u2. 7. T.mp&. A ', S+&+'-C1+&)d(C p&), ),d 2.(+,Ct2u(t'+,—d2)>',5 b)C.d +, W(Ct1&+m 1936, 90.

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19

F'5u2. 8. A d+ub&.

t.mp&. (T.mp&. B ),d C) ', S+&+'-C1+&)d.C p&), ),d

+, W.Ct1&+m 1936, 90.

2.(+,Ct2u(t'+, —d2)>',5 b)C.d

20

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

Greek temple and the change in architecture C+,t2)2y t+ t1. t2)d't'+,)& )2(1't.(tu2. +f P)&)'p1+C ),d S+&+'-C1&+)d.C, t1. (&)CC'()& G2..A m+d.& >)C ',t2+du(.d t+ +t1.2 (+Ct)& C),(tu)2'.C du2',5 t1. &)t. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d. U,f+2tu,)t.&y, ,+,. +f t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( Ct2u(tu2.C >.2. &.ft u,-2.bu'&t ),d t1.'2 2.m)',C (),,+t p2+v'd. ),y m)j+2 .v'd.,(. +f t1. f'2Ct G2..A t.mp&.C ', Cyp2uC. Du2',5 t1. R+m), p.2'+d, t1. G2..A t.mp&. m+d.& +f ) C),(tu)2y >)C fu&&y d.v.&+p.d. ItC )2(1't.(tu2. >)C b)C.d +, E)Ct M.d't.22),.), t2.,dC >'t1 ) m)j+2 Sy2'), ',f&u.,(., ',(&ud',5 b)(AC +f b&+(AC &.ft 2+u51. I, .)(1 ()C., t1. ‘G2..A’ t.mp&. >)C +,. +f C.v.2)& 2.&'5'+uC Ct2u(tu2.C. B.()uC. +f 'tC &+,5 1'Ct+2y, t1.2. >)C ,+ +,. C',5&. m+d.& f+2 C),(tu)2y )22),5.m.,t. A&t1+u51 t1. 'mp+2t),(. +f t1. S)&)m','), C),(tu)2y >)C C+ C'5,'f'(),t ', R+m), t'm.C t1)t t1. (u&t Ct)tu. +f Z.uC, >1'(1 Ct++d ', t1. t.mp&., >)C (1+C., t+ b. uC.d +, ) (+', 2.v.2C., ,+t mu(1 'C A,+>, )b+ut 'tC )2(1't.(tu2.. It C..mC t1)t t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( G2..A t.mp&. >)C 2.bu'&t t>'(.—f'2Ct du2',5 t1. .)2&y R+m), p.2'+d ),d t1.,, )C t1. ',C(2'pt'+, Cu55.CtC (M'tf+2d 1971,198), du2',5 t1. H)d2'), 2.'5,. T1. R+m), C),(tu)2y 1)d ) &)25. (+u2t >'t1 ) mu&t'-)2(1.d 5)t.>)y. T1. t.mp&. bu'&t +, ) 1'51 Cty&+b)t. 1)d ) Cqu)2. (.&&) )t t1. 2.)2. F)&&., (+&um,-d2umC ),d C+2',t1'), ()p't)&C +f ) (+,C'd.2)b&. C'?. Cu55.Ct ), 'mp2.CC'v. bu'&d',5 ((f. A25+ud .t )&. 1975, 124-136; Figure 9).

F'5u2. 9. S)&)m'C—t.mp&. +f Z.uC. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

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Mu(1 m+2. d)t) 'C )v)'&)b&. +, t1. t.mp&. +f Ap12+d't. ', Am)t1+uC A(2+p+&'C. ItC m)', R+m), (+,Ct2u(t'+, p1)C. ((f. Aup.2t ),d H.2m)2y 1981, 1030) 'C d)t.d t+ t1. &)Ct qu)2t.2 +f t1. 1Ct (.,tu2y AD—)ft.2 t1. .)2t1qu)A.C +f 77/78. A&t1+u51, t1. .d'f'(. >)C (+mp&.t.&y d.Ct2+y.d du2',5 t1. .2.(t'+, +f ), .)2&y C12'Ct'), b)C'&'(), t1. CyCt.m)t'( .x()v)t'+, >+2AC ()22'.d +ut by ) F2.,(1 m'CC'+, y'.&d.d .,+u51 )2(1't.(tu2)& .&.m.,tC t+ p2+p+C. 2.(+,Ct2u(t'+,. L++A',5 C+ut1>)2dC t+>)2dC t1. C.), bu'&t f2+m &+()& &'m.Ct+,. +, ) t12((-t'(2 (2(p'd+m), t1. t.mp&. >)C ) 2.&)t'v.&y Cm)&& (+,Ct2u(t'+, m.)Cu2',5 31.87 x 15.12 m.t.2C. ItC p&), (+,C'Ct.d +f p2+,)+C, (.&&) ),d ) v.2y ,)22+> (2 m d..p) )dyt+, >1+C. f&++2 >)C C.t &+>.2 t1), ', t1. 2.Ct +f t1. t.mp&. (Aup.2t 2000, 67). F+u2 (+&um,C Ct++d +ut f2+m t1. f)()d., >1'&. t1. p'&)Ct.2C >'t1 ()2.fu&&y m+d.&&.d b)C.C >.2. ',Ct)&&.d )t t1. .xt.2'+2 (+m.2C +f t1. t.mp&. >)&& ),d )t t>+ p+',tC ,.)2 t1. b)(A, m)2A',5 t1. p2.C.,(. +f t1. )dyt+, >)&& {Plate 2). C)p't)&C +f (+&um,C ),d p'&)Ct.2C >.2. ', t1. C+-()&&.d N)b)t).), Cty&. ),d >.2. .xt2.m.&y >.&& .x.(ut.d. D.Cp't. t1. f2)5m.,t)2y (+,d't'+, +f t1.'2 p2.C.2v)t'+,, 't 'C (&.)2 t1)t t1. ()p't)&C f2+m Am)t1+uC )2. +f Cup.2'+2 qu)&'ty t+ t1+C. +f P.t2) ((f. Aup.2t 2000, 69 ),d Plate 3). T1. d.(+2)t'+, +f +t1.2 .&.m.,tC—)2(1't2)v., f2'.?., ),d (+m'(.— >)C C'mp&. >'t1+ut m),y f&+2)& d.(+2)t'+,C. T1. p.d'm.,tC >.2. m+Ct p2+b)b&y ,+t d.(+2)t.d )t )&&. SyCt.m)t'( d.Ct2u(t'+, +f t1. t.mp&. m)A.C ), ),)&yC'C +f t1. ',t.2'+2 d.C'5, 'mp+CC'b&., but 't 1)C b.., Cu55.Ct.d t1)t, &'A. )t P)&)(p)p1+C, t1. (u&t Ct)tu. >)C ', b.)ty& f+2m (H.2m)2y 2015, 39). T1. Ap12+d't. t.mp&. >)C t1. m+Ct Cp.(t)(u&)2 bu'&d',5 t+ t2),Cf+2m t1. C),(tu)2y +, t1. Am)t1+uC'), A(2+p+&'C, but 'tC (+,Ct2u(t'+, >)C ,+t ), 'C+&)t.d p2+j.(t +f t1. R+m), 2.bu'&d',5 p1)C. (Aup.2t 2000, 69). T1. 1” (.,tu2y AD d.d'()t+2y ',C(2'pt'+, ', G2..A (+mm.m+2)t.C t1. (+,Ct2u(t'+, +f ) Ct)'2>)y +, t1. .)Ct.2, C'd. +f )(2+p+&'C )t t1. .xp.,C. +f L+uA'+C V't.&&'+C K)&&','A+C (Aup.2t 1996, 108-109). T1. >+2A ',(&ud.d ) v)u&t.d 5)t. )t t1. Cumm't t1)t p)CC.d +v.2 t1. p2+t.(t'v. >)&& +f t1. )(2+p+&'C. T1. .,t2),(. t+ t1. C),(tu)2y f.)tu2.d ) Cm)&& )&t)2 +f Cyp2'+t. m)2b&.. B.C'd.C t1+C. ,.> Ct2u(tu2.C, .)2&'.2 .&.m.,tC, ',(&ud',5 m+,um.,t)& v)C.C {Plate 3), (+,Ct'tut.d t1. C)(2.d &),dC()p. +f t1. Am)t1+uC'), C),(tu)2y. Ev., >'t1+ut t1. .v'd.,(. +f T)('tuC (A,,)&.C: 3.62 ('t.d )b+v.) t1)t p&)(.d t1. C),(tu)2y ', Am)t1+uC )m+,5 t1. t12.. m+Ct C'5,'f'(),t, t1. )2(1't.(tu2. +f t1. t.mp&. +f Ap12+d't. ),d C()&. +f 'tC (+,Ct2u(t'+, )(t'v'ty )&+,. >+u&d 1)v. .,Cu2.d t1. m)j+2 'mp+2t),(. +f t1'C C),(tu)2y ', t1. 2.&'5'+uC &'f. +f t1. 'C&),d ', t1. R+m), p.2'+d. H+>.v.2, t1. m+Ct fu&&y d.f',.d )2(1't.(tu2)& (+mp&.x )t t1)t t'm. >)C, >'t1+ut ),y d+ubt, t1. C),(tu)2y +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C ((f. W2'51t 1992, 167). T1. C),(tu)2y +f Ap+&&+ >+2C1'pp.d )C Hy&)t.C, t1. 5+d +f t1. >++d&),dC, >)C &+()t.d )b+ut 2.5 A'&+m.t2.C >.Ct +f t1. ),('.,t t+>, +f K+u2'+, )&+,5 t1. 2+)d >1'(1 &.)d t+ P)p1+C. I, t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d, t1. C't., .,(&+C.d by >)&& >'t1 t>+: K+u2'+, ),d P)p1+C 5)t.C, (+,C'Ct.d +f ) t.mp&., ) C+-()&&.d R+u,d Bu'&d',5, ),d ), )&t)2. S+2., (1987, 35, 42) (&)'mC t1)t t1. 2+u,d bu'&d',5 >'t1 p'tC (ut ',t+ t1. b.d2+(A f+2 p&),t',5 >+u&d 1)v. b.., f'&&.d >'t1 C)(2.d t2..C but 1'C )25um.,tC )2( f)2 f2+m (+,v',(',5 f+2 Hu,t (2016, 243), t1. )ut1+2 +f t1. b++A Reviving Roman Religion: Sacred Trees in the Roman World. Du2',5 t1. R+m), p.2'+d, t1. C),(tu)2y >)C C'5,'f'(),t&y 2.-bu'&t {Figure 10). A &+,5 d+2'( p+2t'(+ .xt.,d.d t1. >1+&. >)y b.t>.., t1. t>+ K+u2'), ),d P)p1'), 5)t.C. S+ut1 +f t1'C p+2t'(+, t1.2. >)C ) Ct2u(tu2. (+,C'Ct',5 +f f'v. 2++mC

22

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

F'5u2. 10. P&), +f t1. Ap+&&+ Hy&)t(C S),(tu)2y—R+m), p1)C.

)ft.2 C12'Ct+u 1996, 67.

1. K+u2'+, 5)t., 2. P)p1+C 5)t., 3. S+ut1 (+u2t, 4. N+2t1>.Ct bu'&d',5, 5. St+), 6. S+ut1 bu'&d',5, 7. V+t'v. p't, 8. C.,t2)&

Ct2..t, 9. R.C'd.,(. +f t1. p2'.Ct, 10. T2.)Cu2y, 11. B)t1C, 12. A2(1)'( p2.(',(t, 13. T.mp&. +f Ap+&&+, 14. C.,t2)& (+u2t, 15. R+u,d Bu'&d',5, 16. L)25. ('Ct.2,, 17. P)&.Ct2)

C.p)2)t.d f2+m .)(1 +t1.2 by (+22'd+2C. T1. fu,(t'+, +f t1.C. 2++mC 'C ,+t (.2t)',, but t1.y m)y 1)v. b.., uC.d t+ d'Cp&)y v+t'v.C +2 t+ )((+mm+d)t. v'C't+2C. T1. ',C(2'pt'+, C.t ', t1. f2+,t >)&& +v.2 +,. +f t1. d++2C ',f+2mC t1)t t>+ +f t1.C. 2++mC >.2. .2.(t.d by T2)j), ', 101 AD. T+ t1. N+2t1 f2+m t1. d+2'( p+2t'(+, ) p)v.d Ct2..t &.)dC d'2.(t&y t+ t1. t.mp&. +f Ap+&&+. T1. d)t. f+2 t1. f'2Ct m)j+2 t.mp&. d.d'()t.d t+ Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C +, C't. 1)C b.., t1. Cubj.(t +f d.b)t.. It 'C (.2t)', t1+u51 t1)t )t t1. .,d +f t1. f'2Ct/ b.5',,',5 +f t1. 2,d (.,tu2y AD, t1. G2..A t.mp&. t+ Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C >)C p2+f+u,d&y 2.-(+,Ct2u(t.d ((f. S',+C 1990, 23). T1. t.mp&. bu'&t +, ) 1'51 Cty&+b)t. (+,C'Ct.d +f ) p+2t'(+ >'t1 f+u2 N)b)t.), (+&um,C, (.&&), ),d ), )dyt+, {Plate 4). B+t1 t1. Cty&. +f

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t1. Ct2u(tu2. ('tC p&),, uC. +f N)b)t.), ()p't)&C) ),d d)t. +f 'tC (+,Ct2u(t'+, p+',t t+ t1. p+CC'b'&'ty t1)t t1. t.mp&.C +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C ),d Ap12+d't. +f Am)t1+uC >.2. b+t1 d.C'5,.d by t1. C)m. t.)m +f )2(1't.(tC (H.2m)2y 1994, 328-9). T1. R+m), 2.-bu'&d',5 p1)C. )&C+ ',(&ud.d >+2A +, t1. Cm)&& bu'&d',5 C+ut1 +f t1. p2.(',(t t1)t m)y 1)v. b.., ) p2'.Ct’C 1+uC.. A&+,5 t1. .xt.2,)& .)Ct.2, C'd. +f t1. >)&&C, p)&).Ct2) ),d b)t1C >.2. .2.(t.d. H+>.v.2, t1. m)', )2(1)'( .&.m.,tC—t1. R+u,d Bu'&d',5 ),d )&t)2—C..m t+ 1)v. 2.m)',.d u,(1),5.d. A&t1+u51 mu(1 +f t1. bu'&d',5 >+2A >)C (+mp&.t., t1. R+m), (+,t2'but'+, t+ t1. C),(tu)2y m)',&y ',v+&v.d t1. m+d.2,'?',5 ),d 2.f',',5 +f .x'Ct',5 )2.)C >1'&. t1. 2'tu)&&y f'x.d d'v'C'+, +f C)(2.d &),dC()p. d'd ,+t (1),5. (S+2., 1987, 39). S)&)m'C, Am)t1+uC, K+u2'+,, t1. G2..A m+d.& +f ) t.mp&. >)C ',t2+du(.d t+ )&& t1.C. 'mp+2t),t f+2 Cyp2'+t. C),(tu)2'.C but 't muCt b. u,d.2&',.d t1)t Cu(1 Ct2u(tu2.C 2.m)', .xt2.m.&y 2)2. ', Cyp2uC. B.C'd. t1. )f+2.m.,t'+,.d p&)(.C, >. p+CC'b&y A,+> +,. +t1.2 Ct2u(tu2. f2+m t1. N.) P)p1+C. T1. p2.C.,(. +f t1. (2.p'd+m) Cu55.Ct.d t1)t t1. C+-()&&.d P+d'um t.mp&. ', t1. Kt'Ct+ )2.) >)C ) C)(2.d bu'&d',5 +f t1. G2..A typ.. U,f+2tu,)t.&y, >. d+ ,+t .v., A,+> t1. p2.('C. m.)Cu2.m.,tC +f t1. Ct2u(tu2. )C t1. ,+2t1 .d5. +f Cty&+b)t. 'C (+v.2.d by t1. &'51t1+uC. CubCt2u(tu2. (Mty,)2(?yA 1990, 202; Figure 11).

F'5 11. N.) P)p1+C—&'51t1+uC.. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

24

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

Decrease in religious activity?

L't.2)2y )((+u,tC, .x()v)t'+, 2.p+2tC, ),d Cu2v.y p2+j.(tC ((f. T1. Syd,.y Cyp2uC Su2v.y P2+j.(t—G'v., ),d K,)pp 2003, 2013) (+,f'2m t1)t .x ,+v+ f+u,d)t'+, +f C),(tu)2'.C >)C .xt2.m.&y 2)2. ', t1. R+m), Cyp2uC. A .mp.2+2C’ (u&t t.mp&. d.d'()t.d t+ S.pt'm'uC S.v.2uC ),d C)2)()&&) f+u,d.d by t1. p+&'C +f N.) P)p1+C (K),t'2.) 2008, 104) 'f .x'Ct.d ((f. Fuj'' 2013, 61) >)C u,'qu.. N+t mu(1 'C A,+>, )b+ut C),(tu)2'.C &+()t.d ', t1. R+m), p+&('C. W't1+ut ),y d+ubt, t1. t.mp&. +f Ap12+d't. P)p1') fu,(t'+,.d ', N.) P)p1+C. H.2 C),(tu)2y >)C ) 5)t1.2',5 p+',t f+2 p'&52'mC ),d ) p&)(. >1.2. t1. f'2Ct Ct)5. +f t1. (.2.m+,y >)C (.&.b2)t.d (Mfy,)2(?yA 1990, 22). V)2'+uC C't.C 1)v. b.., Cu55.Ct.d )C ) p2+b)b&. &+()t'+, f+2 t1. t.mp&., ',(&ud',5 P1),)2' ),d F)b2'A) H'&&. T1. &)tt.2 'C m+2. p2+b)b&. )C C.v.2)& ',C(2'pt'+,C 2.f.22',5 t+ Ap12+d't. P)p1') >.2. f+u,d t1.2. (K)2)5.+251'C 2005, 61; V+2+C 2007). B.C'd. t1. P+d'um t.mp&. ),d p+CC'b&. ) C),(tu)2y +f Ap12+d't. P)p1') ', F)b2'A) H'&&, ', R+m), N.) P)p1+C ), u,d.252+u,d C),(tu)2y &+()t.d ', C+()&&.d G)22'C+,’C C)mp—T+umb)&&+C )2.) )&C+ fu,(t'+,.d {Figure 12). SyCt.m)t'( 2.C.)2(1 (+,du(t.d by ), It)&'), m'CC'+, (Gu'd'(. (t )&. 2017, 771) u,(+v.2.d ) (ut-',­ 2+(A (+mp&.x (+,C'Ct',5 +f ) &+,5 d2+m+C, ) Ct)'2()C. &.)d',5 d+>,>)2d, u,d.252+u,d 2++mC ),d (+22'd+2C. Du. t+ t1. C'm'&)2'ty t+ t1. Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C 1yp+5(um (C.. p. 32), 't 'C +ft., 2.f.22.d t+ )C ), Ap+&&+ C),(tu)2y. H+>.v.2, t)A',5 ',t+ (+,C'd.2)t'+,C t1. )2(1't.(tu2)& p&),, .Cp.(')&&y Cu(1 .&.m.,tC )C t1. p2.C.,(. +f (+22'd+2C ),d p)CC)5.C, )C >.&& )C )2(1't.(tu2)& f.)tu2.C (2.)t',5 d)2A,.CC, Mfy,)2(?yA (1990, 229-232) )25u.C t1)t t1. (+mp&.x C1+u&d b. 2.5)2d.d )C ) (u&t p&)(. )CC+(')t.d >'t1 (1t1+,'( b.&'.fC, m+Ct p2+b)b&y +f E5ypt'), +2'5',. L'A. ', N.) P)p1+C, ', Am)t1+uC t++ m+2. t1), +,. C),(tu)2y fu,(t'+,.d. Du2',5 .x()v)t'+, >+2AC p.2f+2m.d ', t1. )5+2) )2.), t1. 2.m)',C +f t>+ R+m), t.mp&.C 1)v. b.., f+u,d, )&t1+u51 't 'C ,+t (&.)2 t+ >1+m t1.C. Ct2u(tu2.C >.2. d.d'()t.d. B.y+,d t1. )5+2), ) (u&t'( ',Ct)&&)t'+, d.d'()t.d t+ Ap12+d't. ),d T'tuC >)C &+()t.d +utC'd. +f t1. ,+2t1 5)t. +f t1. ('ty (Aup.2t ),d H.2m)2y 2006; Aup.2t 2009 35-39). U2b), C),(tu)2'.C )(t'v. ', t1. R+m), p.2'+d )2. )&C+ 2.p+2t.d ', t1. S+&+' )(2+p+&'C, K.2y,.') ),d K't'+,. T1. )2(1).+&+5'()& (S+&+') ),d .p'52)p1'()& m)t.2')& 'C f)2 f2+m 2'(1, ),d >. &)(A ),y .v'd.,(. )ft.2 t1. S.v.2'), dy,)Cty. T1. p'(tu2. +f ',&),d C),(tu)2'.C 'C .v., m+2. (+mp&'()t.d. Cyp2'+t. t.m.,+' t2)d't'+,)&&y 1)d v.2y &'m't.d )2(1't.(tu2)& .mb.&&'C1m.,t 'f ),y )t )&& (Rupp 2000, 1095). If ',C(2'pt'+,C )2. )bC.,t t1. C)(2.d (1)2)(t.2 +f t1. C't. 'C +ft., )tt2'but.d b)C.d +, t1. p2.C.,(. +f t.22)(+tt) f'5u2',.C ),d /+2 f2)5m.,tC +f &'m.Ct+,. Ct)tu.tt.C, C+m.t'm.C v.2y &'m't.d ', ,umb.2. AC m),y C)(2.d p&)(.C ', Cyp2uC )2. A,+>, f2+m Cu2v.y )&+,., 't 'C d'ff'(u&t t+ 2.(+5,'?. t1. .x)(t p'(tu2. +f 2.&'5'+uC )(t'v'ty ', t1. ',&),d 2.5'+,C +f t1. 'C&),d. R.(.,t .x()v)t'+, >+2AC (+,du(t.d ', Id)&'+, d.m+,Ct2)t.d t1)t C),(tu)2'.C &+()t.d ', M+utt' t+u A2v'&' 1'&& ),d t1. C+-()&&.d C'ty S),(tu)2y Ct'&& fu,(t'+,.d ', R+m), p.2'+d. T1. C),(tu)2y +f Ad+,'C )t M+utt' t+u A2v'&' >)C ,+t +,&y )(t'v. t'&& )t &.)Ct t1. m'dd&. R+m), p.2'+d but )&C+, &'A. C)(2.d (+Ct)& p&)(.C, >)C C'5,'f'(),t&y 2.bu'&t ),d 2.)22),5.d (G2)b.2 2008, 59). U2b), C),(tu)2'.C ),d C12',.C muCt 1)v. )&C+ fu,(t'+,.d ', C1yt2+', T)m)CC+C, ),d p+CC'b&y ', L.d2). H+>.v.2, 't C..mC t1)t ,+,.

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F'5u2. 12. P&), +f N() P)p1+C: M)&+ut.,), A5+2), F)b2'() H'&& ),d G)22'C+,’C C)mp. SA.t(1 b)C.d +, R+>. 2004, F'5u2. 9.

+f t1. ',&),d C),(tu)2'.C >.2. 2.bu'&t u,d.2 'mp.2')& p)t2+,)5.. M+2.+v.2, .x()v)t'+, 2.p+2tC ',d'()t. t1)t t1. uC. +f .x'Ct',5 C),(tu)2'.C, .Cp.(')&&y .xt2)-u2b), +,.C, >)C v'C'b&y 2.du(.d. Su(1 'mp+2t),t C't.C )C A2C+C, V+,'—C),(tu)2'.C >'t1 )5.-+&d t2)d't'+,C +f ',Ct)&&',5 1u,d2.dC +f &'m.Ct+,. C(u&ptu2.C—)2. d.v+'d +f m)2b&.. O, t1. +t1.2 1),d, C+m. +f t1. C+-()&&.d 2u2)& C),(tu)2'.C &'A. t.m.,+C +f Op)+, M.&),t1'+C )t Am)25.tt', ,+2t1 +f P)&)'p)p1+C (M)CC+, 1994), Ap+&&+ )t L+u2+udj',), ),d Ap+&&+ )t Py&) (M'tf+2d 1980, 1372) >.2. )(t'v. u,t'& )t &.)Ct t1. S.v.2'), p.2'+d. T1. b.Ct-A,+>, .x)mp&. +f ) Cu2v'v',5 2u2)& (u&t 'C t1. 1'&&-t+p C),(tu)2y +f Z.uC L)b2),'+C )t P1)C+u&) (', t1. m+u,t)', 2.5'+, )b+v. Am)t1+uC) >1.2. t2)d't'+, +f p+2t2)'t Ct)tu.tt.C Ct'&& +((u22.d )C &)t. )C t1. f+u2t1 (.,tu2y AD (H.2m)2y 1992, 333-337).

RELIGION

The main Olympian gods

T1. O&ymp'), 5+dC: H.2), A2t.m'C, Ap+&&+, D.m.t.2 v'C'b&y )pp.)2 b+t1 ', )2(1).+&+5'()& m)t.2')&, m)',&y +, (+',)5. +f t1. ('ty—A',5d+mC, ),d ', t1. .p'52)p1'( 2.(+2d ', t1. &)t. 5t1 (.,tu2y BC. At t1. b.5',,',5 +f t1. 4t1 (.,tu2y BC, m+Ct +f t1. Cyp2+-C&)CC'()& dy,)Ct'.C )CC+(')t.d t1.'2 &',.)5. >'t1 G2..A d.'t'.C +2 1.2+.C. At t1. C)m. t'm., b+t1 t1. Cyp2'+t. b)C'&.'C ),d Cyp2'+t.C )&C+ )pp.)2 )C d.d'()t+2C ', m)j+2 P),1.&&(,'( C),(tu)2'.C (P)p),t+,'+u 2015, 2). T1. (+,t',u'ty +f (u&t )(t'v'ty f2+m t1. Cyp2+-C&)CC'()& u,t'& t1. Pt+&.m)'( p.2'+d 'C (+,f'2m.d by .p'52)p1'()& m)t.2')& ),d t1. C'5,'f'(),t ,umb.2 +f C),(tu)2y C't.C t1)t Cu2v'v.d ',t+ H.&&.,'Ct'( t'm.C. I, +pp+C't'+, t+ +t1.2 p)2tC +f t1. R+m), E)Ct, Cyp2uC 2.&'5'+uC t2)d't'+, du2',5 t1. R+m), p.2'+d d'd ,+t (1),5. ) &+t. T1.2. >)C ,+ R+m), (+&+,'?)t'+, +, t1. 'C&),d ),d R+m), (u&tC, )p)2t f2+m .v'd.,(. +f t1. (u&t +f R+m), C..m t+ 1)v. b.., ',C'5,'f'(),t. T1. Cyp2'+t. p),t1.+, f2+m t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d 'C (+,Ct),t ),d v.2y G2..A ', ,)tu2..

The Great Goddess Aphrodite G2..A ),d L)t', &'t.2)tu2. (.&.b2)t. Cyp2uC )C ), 'C&),d +f Ap12+d't.. H.2., )((+2d',5 t+ H.C'+d T1.+5+,y (190-200), t1. C.)-b+2, 5+dd.CC C.t 1.2 f++t +, &),d f+2 t1. f'2Ct t'm. (Plate 5). T1. 'C&),d >)C )CC'5,.d )C 1.2 t.22.Ct2')& 1+m. ),d ) p2+m',.,t p&)(. +f 1.2 (u&t. Ap12+d't. ', Cyp2uC >)C ,)m.d t1. L)dy +f t1. 'C&),d (H+2v') Ku2(p+u), 'tC Qu.., ),d P2',(.CC. H.2 2),A d'ff.2C mu(1 f2+m t1. (+,v.,t'+,)& myt1+&+5'()& 'm)5. +f t1. b&+,d. 5+dd.CC +f &+v., 52)(., ),d b.)uty. T1. Ap12+d't. +f Cyp2uC >)C ), ),('.,t, p+>.2fu&, u,'v.2C)& d'v','ty, t1. Cyp2'+t 5+dd.CC—Kyp2'C. Ex()v)t'+,C 1)v. y'.&d.d ) v)Ct )m+u,t +f )2(1).+&+5'()& m)t.2')& >1'(1 )tt.Ct.d t+ t1. 2)'C',5 'mp+2t),(. +f 1.2 >+2C1'p t12+u51 t1. (.,tu2'.C )C >.&& )C d'ff.2.,t 'm)5.C +f t1. 5+dd.CC. T1. 1'Ct+2y +f t1. Ap12+d't. (u&t ', Cyp2uC 'C p)2t'(u&)2&y (+mp&.x. Fu2t1.2m+2., t1.2. 'C ,+ (+,C.,CuC )m+,5 C(1+&)2C (+,(.2,',5 t1. .x)(t 2.&)t'+,C +f G2..A, P1+.,'('),, ),d &+()& .&.m.,tC ',v+&v.d ', t1. +2'5',C +f Ap12+d't. >+2C1'p ', Cyp2uC (B.,.tt 1980, 274). F2+m t1. f.> .)2&y ',C(2'pt'+,C )v)'&)b&. (6t1 (.,tu2y BC), >. A,+> t1)t f'2Ct t1. 5+dd.CC >)C C'mp&y ()&&.d 2| O()—t1. G+dd.CC. T1. .p'52)p1'()& 2.(+2d ',d'()t.C t1)t t1. G+dd.CC f'2Ct b.5), t+ b. ()&&.d Ap12+d't. ', Am)t1+uC. H+>.v.2, 't >)C t1. C),(tu)2y ', P)p1+C t1)t 2.m)',.d t1. m+Ct ),('.,t, m+Ct C'5,'f'(),t, ),d m+Ct f)m+uC p&)(. +f Ap12+d't.’C >+2C1'p (Plate 6). A((+2d',5 t+ H.Cy(1'uC (A&.x),d2',' &.x'(+, C.v. omphalos), ) G2..A &.x'(+52)p1.2 +f t1. 5&1 (.,tu2y AD, P)p1+C t+5.t1.2 >'t1 D.&p1' >.2. t1. +mp1)&+C— t1. (.,t2)& p+',tC +f t1. t.22.Ct2')& >+2&d b.&'.v.d t+ )&&+> d'2.(t (+mmu,'()t'+, >'t1

28

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

t1. 5+dC. T1. &'t.2)2y )((+u,tC (..5. H+m.2'( Hym,: 5. 58-65; V'25'&'uC, A.,.'d): 1.415417; T)('tuC, H'Ct+2'.C: 2.3-4; C1)2't+,, C)&&'21+(: 8.2.7-9) ',(&ud. t1. C)m. ',f+2m)t'+, )b+ut t1. (u&t p2)(t'(.C ', P)p1'), C),(tu)2y. It C..mC t1)t f2+m L)t. B2+,?. A5., t1. 5+dd.CC >)C )&>)yC p2.C.,t.d ', ), ),'(+,'()& f+2m, )C ) C)(2.d (+,.—b).ty&. JuCt )C t1. (u&t Ct)tu., t1. b).ty& (+u&d ('t1.2 b. ) Cymb+& +f ) 5+dd.CC, 1)v. 1.2 p+>.2C +2 2.p2.C.,t t1. 5+dd.CC 1.2C.&f. A,('.,t >2't.2C >.2. ',t2'5u.d by t1'C (+,'()& 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,. T)('tuC ', H'Ct+2'.C 2.3 ,+t.d:

The representation of the goddess is not in human form, but it is a circular mass that is broader at the base and rises like a turning-post to a small circumference at the top. The reason for this is obscure. AC ), 'mp+2t),t p)2t +f t1. &+()& t2)d't'+,, t1. C)(2.d (+,. f2+m Ap12+d't. C),(tu)2y >)C d.p'(t.d +, R+m), (+',C 'CCu.d ', t1. t'm. b.t>.., Au5uCtuC ),d P1'&'p t1. A2)b ((f. M)'.2 1975, 70 ),d Figure 6). I, t1. K+uA&') MuC.um, t1.2. 'C ) b).ty& f2+m t1. P)p1'), S),(tu)2y II (Plate 6) >1'(1 u,f+2tu,)t.&y 1)d ,+t b.., f+u,d ', C'tu. A,+t1.2 p.(u&')2'ty +f t1. P)p1'), C),(tu)2y >)C t1. f)(t t1)t +ff.2',5C t+ Ap12+d't. >.2. ,.v.2 b&++dy. T)('tuC (H'Ct+2'.C: 2.3) .mp1)C'?.d t1)t Blood may not be shed upon the altar, but offering is made only with prayers and pure fire. I,d..d, d.Cp't. 'tC (.&.b2'ty, t1. R+m), C),(tu)2y ', P)p1+C y'.&d.d f.> v+t'v. +ff.2',5C, ',(&ud',5 m',')tu2. m+d.&C +f )&t)2C, t.mp&.C, ),d v+t)2y +&'v. &)mpC (Plate 6). S+m. f2)5m.,tC +f (2ud. &'m.Ct+,. Ct)tu.C ),d t.22)(+tt) Ct)tu.tt.C >.2. )&C+ ,+t.d. T1. (.2.m+,'.C 1+,+u2',5 Ap12+d't. >.2. v.2y &'A.&y )((+mp),'.d by muC'( ),d d),(.C (K)2)5(+251'C 2005, 58). O,(. ) y.)2, ) p),.5y2'()& f.Ct'v)& >)C +25),'C.d )C St2)b+ ', G.+52)p1'() 14 6.3 ,+t.d:

It is sixty stadia distant from Palcepaphus by land; and on this road men together with women, who also assemble here from the other cities, hold an annual procession to Palaepaphus. T1. .x'Ct.,(. +f ), +2)(&. t1)t >)C Ct'&& (+,Cu&t.d ', R+m), t'm.C 'C (+,f'2m.d by b+t1 T)('tuC ),d S>.t+,'uC ((f. T)('tuC, H'Ct+2'.C: 2.4; S>.t+,'uC, D. v't) C).C)2um T'tuC: 5). P.21)pC myCt.2'.C (.&.b2)t',5 C+m. C.(2.t )b+ut t1. b'2t1 +f Ap12+d't. >.2. )&C+ +25),'C.d. AC t1. 2.f.2.,(.C t+ t1.C. myCt.2'.C )2. )&& f2+m C12'Ct'), )ut1+2C (C&.m.,t +f A&.x),d2'), H+2t)t+2y: 2.12-13; F'2m'(uC M)t.muC, D. .22+2. p2+f),+2um 2.&'5'+,um: 10 ),d Am+b'uC, Adv.2CuC ,)t'+,.C: 5.19.2), 't 'C p+CC'b&. t1)t t1.y >.2. ',t2+du(.d ', t1. &)t. R+m), p.2'+d. I, 2.&'5'+uC p2)(t'(.C )CC+(')t.d >'t1 Ap12+d't.—Kyp2'C, C(1+&)2C t.,d t+ 1'51&'51t Ct2+,5 ',f&u.,(. +f pu2. +2'.,t)& .&.m.,tC. It muCt b. u,d.2&',.d, 1+>.v.2, t1)t ', ()C. +f t1. P)p1'), C),(tu)2y, 't ,+t C+ .)Cy t+ p+',t t1.m +ut. T1.2. )2. ,+ t.xtC t1)t Cp.('f'()&&y 2.f.2 t+ +2'.,t)& 2't.C Cu(1 )C C)(2.d m)22')5.. Ev., 'f C12'Ct'),C )ut1+2C v.2y Ct2+,5&y u,d.2&',.d t1. 'mm+2)&'ty +f Ap12+d't.’C Cyp2'), (u&t, t1.2. 'C )&C+ ,+ .xp&'('t m.,t'+, )b+ut C)(2.d p2+Ct'tut'+,. C+mp)2.d >'t1 P)&)'p)p1+C, m),y m+2. +2'.,t)& 2't.C ),d (+,,+t)t'+,C )2. v'C'b&. ', ),+t1.2 Ap12+d't. C),(tu)2y—C),(tu)2y )t )(2+p+&'C +f Am)t1+uC.

RELIGION

29

A(2+p+&'C +f Am)t1+uC (Plate 7), ) ('ty >1.2. )((+2d',5 t+ C+u2(.C ((f. H'pp+,)x: 125-126) ',d'5.,+uC Cyp2'+t.C, >1+ A.pt t1. Et.+(yp2'+t. &),5u)5. )&'v., >)C ), 'mp+2t),t p&)(. >1.2. t1. (u&t +f t1. 5+dd.CC >)C v.,.2)t.d, p+CC'b&y )C .)2&y )C ', t1. 11t1 (.,tu2y BC. T)('tuC ', A,,)&.C (3.62—t1. >1+&. p)CC)5. ('t.d )b+v.) ,+t.d t1)t t1. p.+p&. f2+m Cyp2uC m)d. (&)'mC f+2 t12.. C12',.C the oldest erected by their founder Aerias to the Paphian Venus; the second by his son Amathus to the Amathusian Venus (...) T1)t p)C­ C)5. (+,f'2mC ,+t +,&y t1. 'mp+2t),(. +f t1. Am)t1+uC’ t.mp&. but )&C+ 'tC ),t'qu'ty )C 'tC f+u,d.2 >)C t1. C+, +f A.2')C—f+u,d.2 +f (P)&)')P)p1+C. T1. t.mp&. t1)t T)('tuC 2.f.2C t+ 'C (.2t)',&y ) C),(tu)2y C'tu)t.d +, t1. t+p +f t1. )(2+p+&'C. I, 70-100 AD, )ft.2 t1. .)2t1qu)A., 't >)C 2.bu'&t )C ) G2..A-Cty&. t.mp&. >'t1 C+m. v'C'b&. +2'.,t)& .&.m.,tC (C.. p. 21). T1. +2'.,t)& .&.m.,tC )2. )&C+ ,+t'(.)b&. ', t1. (u&t +f Ap12+d't. 1.2C.&f. F2+m t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d, t1. 5+dd.CC >)C >+2C1'pp.d t+5.t1.2 >'t1 IC'C. OutC'd. E5ypt, t1. 52.)t.Ct ,umb.2 +f IC'C f'5u2',.C 1)v. b.., 2.p+2t.d )t t1. C't. +f Am)t1+uC, ',d'()t',5 1+> 'mp+2t),t t1. Ap12+d't.-IC'C (+,,.(t'+, >)C. T1. Am)t1+uC'), (u&t >)C Ct2+,5&y )CC+(')t.d >'t1 2't.C +f f.2t'&'ty, ),d H.&&.,'Ct'( ',C(2'pt'+, d)t',5 t+ t1. 2.'5, +f Pt+&.my IV ',f+2m.d )b+ut t1. C)(2'f'(. m)d. f+2 t1+C. >1+ (u&t'v)t.d t1. &),d (P'2(,,.-D.&f+25( 1994, 353-354). It 'C p+CC'b&. t1)t t1'C ',C(2'pt'+, 2.f.2C t+ ) C)(2'­ f'(. ()&&.d Karposis >1'(1 )((+2d',5 t+ H.Cy(1'uC (A&(x),d2',' &.x'(+, C.v. Karposis) >)C m)d. t+ Ap12+d't. ', Am)t1+uC. T1. f.> 2.f.2.,(.C (+,(.2,',5 C.xu)&'ty C..m t+ .mp1)C'?. t1. ),t'qu'ty +f t1. 2.&'5'+uC p2)(t'(. (K)2)5(+251'C 2005, 110). H.Cy(1'uC (A&.x),d2',' &.x'(+, C.v. Afroditos) qu+t',5 t1. Am)t1+uC'), 1'Ct+2'), P)'+,, ,+t.d t1)t in Cyprus the goddess was given the appearance ofa man. A&t1+u51 P)'+, )tt2'but.C t1'C ),d2+5y,+uC (1)2)(t.2 t+ t1. Cyp2'), 5+dd.CC; ', 5.,.2)&, 'tC +2'5', p+',t.d t+ t1. ('ty +f Am)t1+uC ', p)2t'(u&)2 (K)2)51.+251'C 2005, 111). A,d >1., C)tu&&uC (68).51-52) Cp.)AC )b+ut dup&.x Am)t1uC'), 1. m)y )&C+ b. 2.f.22',5 t+ t1'C p.(u&')2'ty. T1. >+2C1'p +f ) b'C.xu)& Ap12+d't. m)y 5+ b)(A t+ t1. v.2y d'Ct),t p)Ct. L)t. ),t'qu. C+u2(.C Ct'&& 2.f.2 t+ C+m. ‘'mm+2)&'’ 2't.C t1)t m)y 1)v. b.., p2)(t'C.d ', Am)t1+uC. A(t). B)m)b). (20-21) d.C(2'b.d t1)t 't >)C a great multitude of Greeks in the temple in the mountain, low women and men pouring libations. F2+m L'f. +f S)',t Ty(1+, (60.3), >. A,+>, t1)t p)5), men and women, holding the statue of Kypris with torches and incense burn­ ers were passing near holy church in full pagan delirium and dancing. When the saint heard them, he went out, with his clergymen, broke the idol and made them ashamed.... ((f. K)2)5.+251'C 2005, 88). T1. )2(1).+&+5'()& d)t), 1+>.v.2, ',d'()t.C t1)t t1. t.m­ p&. +, )(2+p+&'C >)C ,+t v.2y )(t'v. ),d 't C..mC t+ 1)v. b.., d.2.&'(t )C .)2&y )C f2+m t1. 32d (.,tu2y AD (Aup.2t 2000,70). W1'&. t1. &+>.2 ('ty >)C d.v.&+p',5 )t t1)t t'm., 't 'C p+CC'b&. t1)t ),+t1.2 Ap12+d't. C),(tu)2y >)C )(t'v. ', t1. ('ty du2',5 t1. &)t. R+m), p.2'+d. T1. t1'2d C),(tu)2y +f Ap12+d't. )(t'v. ', R+m), p.2'+d >)C ', S+&+'-C1+&d.C. H.2. t1. 5+dd.CC, u,d.2 t1. ',f&u.,(. +f G2..A-E5ypt'), Cy,(2.t'Cm Ct2+,5&y p2+m+t.d du2',5 t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d by t1. Pt+&.m'C, >)C m)',&y >+2C1'pp.d )C IC'C. St2)b+ ', G.+52)p1y m.,t'+,.d t1)t )t S+&+' t1.2. >)C ) C),(tu)2y +f Ap12+d't. ),d IC'C. M+Ct p2+b)b&y 1. d.C(2'b.d t1. (+mp&.x +f t>+ t.mp&.C—C+-()&&.d t.mp&. B ),d C (C.. p. 17). W't1', t1'C bu'&d',5, t1. Ct)tu. +f IC'C 1)C b.., f+u,d >'t1 ) (2.C(.,t )b+v. 1.2 1.)d.

30

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

B.C'd.C P)p1+C, Am)t1+uC ),d S+&+', t1. Ap12+d't. (u&t 'C v'C'b&. ', m),y +t1.2 C't.C +f R+m), Cyp2uC. S1. >)C >+2C1'pp.d )C Ap12+d't. P)p1') f&)(p'), ),d G+&5') T+Xy'). U,d.2 t1. C.(+,d ,)m. f2+m t1. Cypt'+t I2+, A5. t1. 5+dd.CC >)C >+2C1'pp.d ', C1yt2+', A(1,), ),d Id)&'+, ((f. U&b2'(1 2010, 170-171). Am+,5 +t1.2 .p't1.tC +f t1. 5+dd.CC A,+>, f2+m R+m), t'm.C, Ap12+d't. AA2)') AKp)') +((u2C t>'(., f'2Ct +, t1. O)t1 +f A&&.5'),(. >1'(1 t1. Cyp2'+tC 5)v. t+ t1. .mp.2+2 T'b.2'uC ', 14 AD ),d ', ), ',C(2'pt'+, f+u,d ,.)2 R'?+A)2p)CC+ (S+&+m'd+u&.2+,ym'd+u 1985, 62). T1)t C.(+,d ',C(2'pt'+, 'C p2+b)b&y )CC+(')t.d >'t1 ) C),(tu)2y >1'(1 f+u,d)t'+,C (), Ct'&& b. C.., +, ) p&)t.)u +f ) 1'&& ,.xt t+ t1. M+,)Ct.2y +f Ap+Ct+&+C A,d2.)C (K)2)5.+251'C 2005, 198). T1'C C),(tu)2y >)C d.C(2'b.d by St2)b+ (14.6.3) )C ,+t t+ b. v'C't.d ),d ,+t t+ b. C.., by >+m., ),d )tt2'but.d by 1'm t+ Ap12+d't. AA2)').

Apollo T1. (u&t +f Ap+&&+ ', Cyp2uC 'C C+m.1+> p)2)&&.& t+ t1)t +f Cyp2'+t. Ap12+d't. (B.,,.tt 1980, 326). T1.2. )2. C.v.2)& A,+>, Cyp2+-Sy&&)b'( d.d'()t'+,C f+u,d ', K+u2'+, (M'tf+2d 1971, 38-42 = I. K+u2'+, ,+C. 14-15), G+&5+'-H)5'+C P1+t'+C (M)CC+, 1983, 288), ),d R),t'd' (M'tf+2d ),d M)CC+, 1983, 34-35) )dd2.CC.d t+ t1. 5+d b c o O.>. T1. ,)m. +f Ap+&&+ >)C ',t2+du(.d u,d.2 t1. G2..A ',f&u.,(.. T1. f'2Ct Cyp2'+t. d.d'()t'+, t+ Ap+&&+ A,+>, C+ f)2 'C ) 5t1 (.,tu2y BC v+t'v. ',C(2'pt'+, (+m',5 f2+m t1. K+u2'+, (M'tf+2d 1971, 46-48 = I. K+u2'+, ,+. 18). T1'C t.xt 'C ()2v.d +, t1. p&',t1 +f ) typ'()& .x-v+t+ t.mp&. b+y. I, b'&',5u)& Cyp2+-Sy&&)b'(/P1+.,'('), d.d'()t'+,C &'A. t1'C +,. f2+m Id)&'+,-M+utt' t+u A2v'&' t1. 5+d 'C ,)m.d b+t1 )C Ap+&&+ ),d S.m't'( 5+d R.C1.f (T.'x'd+2 1983, 251-255; G2)f 2009, 112-113). T1. '(+,+52)p1y +f v+t)2y Ct)tu.tt.C d.p'(tC t1. d'v','ty f+&&+>',5 b+t1 G2..A (b.)2d&.CC A't1)2) p&)y.2 >.)2',5 ) &)u2.& (2+>,) ),d +2'.,t)& (b.)2d.d, C.)t.d +, ) t12+,. f'5u2. 1+&d',5 ) C(.pt2.) '(+,+52)p1'()& m+d.&C. U,d.2 t1. Pt+&.m'.C, t1. H.&&.,'C.d v.2C'+, +f Ap+&&+ '(+,+52)p1y b.()m. t1. d+m',),t +,. (H.2m)2y, 2009, 136-142). T1. (u&t +f Cyp2'+t. Ap+&&+ (+,t',u.d >.&& ',t+ t1. R+m), p.2'+d. P.21)pC t1. b.Ct A,+> Ap+&&+ C),(tu)2y 'C K+u2'+, >1.2. f2+m )t &.)Ct t1. 8t1 (.,tu2y BC Ap+&&+ >)C v.,.2)t.d u,d.2 t1. &+()& .p't1.t 'YX)22'5 Hy&)t.C. T1. .p't1.t Hy&)t.C 2.f.2C t+ t1. ),('.,t d'v','ty >1+C. p2.C.,(. >)C .xp.2'.,(.d ', t1. C)(2.d >++d-1y&. (+,Ct'tut',5 t1. t(m(,+C. Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C 'C A,+>, ,+t +,&y f2+m K+u2'+,—1. +((u2C )&C+ +, d.d'()t'+,C f2+m +t1.2C Cyp2'+t. C't.C: N.) P)p1+C (C.. p. 32), D12ym+u (v'&&)5., ', t1. d'Ct2'(t +f P)p1+C) ),d C1yt2+' (S+&+m'd+u-I.2+,ym'd+u 1985, 63) T1. C),(tu)2y ', K+u2'+, d.v.&+p.d +v.2 t'm. f2+m ) C'mp&. +p.,-)'2 C't. t+ ), .&)b+2)t. (+mp&.x. T1. R+m), t.m.,+C (+v.2.d ), )2.) +f )b+ut ) 1.(t)2. ),d ',(&ud.d ) t.mp&., 2+u,d bu'&d',5, )&t)2, b)t1, p)&).Ct2), ),d )CC+(')t.d bu'&d',5C, (C.. p. 21-23). U,f+2tu,)t.&y, ,+t mu(1 'C A,+>, )b+ut t1. 2'tu)&C ),d b.&'.fC (+,,.(t.d >'t1 Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C. L't.2)2y .v'd.,(. 'C &'m't.d t+ t1. m.,t'+,C by St2)b+ ),d A.&'),. St2)b+ (14.6.3) ',f+2mC t1)t t1. C),(tu)2y )&t)2 (+u&d ,+t b. t+u(1.d +, p.,)&ty +f d.)t1. A.&'), (D. ,)tu2) ),'m): 11.7) p+',tC t+ t1. .x'Ct.,(. +f ) (uCt+m )((+2d',5 t+ >1'(1 ...when the deer (of which there

RELIGION

31

are a great number and many hunters keen in pursuit ofthem) take refuge in the temple of Apollo there (the precinct is of very wide extent), the hounds bay at them but do not dare to approach. T1. p2.(',(t t+ >1'(1 A.&'), 2.f.2C ', t1. qu+t. 'C p+Ct p2+b)b&y &+()t.d ', t1. )2.) +f t1. C+-()&&.d W.Ct E,(&+Cu2. ),d, )((+2d',5 t+ S+2(, (1987,42), 't m'51t 1)v. fu,(t'+,.d )C ) C+2t +f C)(2.d ),'m)& p2.C.2v.. Su(1 ) 1yp+t1.C'C, 1+>.v.2, C1+u&d b. v.2'f'.d by m+2. p2.('C. 2.C.)2(1. A2(1).+&+5'()& >+2AC +ff.2 C+m. m+2. d.t)'&C )b+ut t1. fu,(t'+,',5 +f t1. C),(tu)2y. T1. A2(1)'( )&t)2 (Plate 8) >)C &+()t.d ,+2t1 +f t1. Ct+) >'t1', ) p2.(',(t .,(&+C.d by >)&& (S+2., 1987, 29). R.C.)2(1 (+,du(t.d by D'),) Bu't2+, ),d G'2)ud F+Ct.2 d.m+,Ct2)t.C t1)t t1. )&t)2 >)C uC.d f+2 ),'m)& C)(2'f'(.C C',(. )t &.)Ct 600 BC. T1. >1+&. )2.) >)C 2'(1 ', C1((p/5+)t b+,.C, C+m. (ut f+2 .)t',5 (S+2., 1978, 28; 303). A, ',C(2'pt'+, (M'tf+2d 1971,195-199 = I. K+u2'+, ,+. 104) 2.f.2C t+ d),(',5 )2+u,d t1. C)(2.d )&t)2. N.xt t+ t1. )&t)2, S(2),t+, (1967, 7) &+()t.d ) &)25. )C1&)2 Ct+,. >'t1 ) 2+u51&y 2.(t),5u&)2 1+&. >1'(1, )((+2d',5 t+ D. Bu't2+, ),d D. S+2., (1980, 26-28; f'5.5)), m)y 1)v. b.., ) C)(2.d b).ty&. It C..mC t1)t 2't.C p2)(t'(.d )t K+u2'+, ',v+&v.d Ct2+,5 N.)2 E)Ct.2, (+,,.(t'+,C ',(&ud',5 t1. >+2C1'p b).ty&C, C1..p/ 5+)t C)(2'f'(.C, ),d 2',5 d),(',5 (S+2., 1987, 43). O,. +f t1. Cp.(')& (1)2)(t.2'Ct'(C 'C t1. 2.&)t'+, +f t1. 5+d >'t1 t1. ,)tu2., p&),tC (C+m. C(1+&)2C (&)'m t1)t >'t1', t1. R+u,d Bu'&d',5 [(f. Plate £] C)(2.d t2..C >.2. p&),t.d) ),d ),'m)&C, >1'(1 C..mC t+ b. ), .CC.,t')& (+mp+,.,t +f t1. Cyp2'+t. Ap+&&+ (1)2)(t.2 ((f. V.m.t 2011, 251-264). A, ',t.2.Ct',5 .&.m.,t +f t1. (u&t +f Ap+&&+ ', K+u2'+, 'C t1. (u&t +f Ap+&&+ C).C)2 t1)t +((u22.d )t &.)Ct du2',5 t1. 2.'5, +f T2)j), ', t1. .)2&y 2,d (.,tu2y AD. I, t1'C (+,t.xt, ) m+,um.,t d)t.d t+ AD 101, >1'(1 (+mm.m+2)t.d t1. (+mp&.t'+, +f t>+ .x.d2). t+ t1. 5+dC Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C ),d Ap+&&+ C).C)2, 'C .xt2.m.&y 'mp+2t),t (M'tf+2d 1971, 207-211= I.K+u2'+,, ,+. 108 and Figure 13).

F'5u2. 13. T1. ',C(2'pt'+, 2.f.22',5 t1. (+,Ct2u(t'+, +f t>+ .x.d2). ', C),(tu)2y +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C du2',5 t1. 2.'5, +f Emp.2+2 T2)j),. Ep'C(+p' muC.um. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

32

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

A')'OKp6x>p K)T+)p Oe o f N(p+u) B'+t; N(p+u)5 Tp)t)vd5 Z(P)+2d5 TEpp)v'K+5 dpxt.p(u5 pEy'+2+5 82|p)pxtKfj5 (&.)f) E^+u+t)5 b o 8' u,)2+5 b o 8' 7t),|p 2()Tp'b+5 T)5 XE',+u+)5 £^£8p)5 8u+ Ak o XXc o h i K)'))pt K)' Ab b o XXc i h i ’YX)TT|(') e k b ic j e w (&.)f) K+'v2+5 A)pCp'+5 Ao f k io f u'+5 A'p'X') ’&+u+2+5 K+KKEt+5 ACj''S+5 )vO',)>5 2fj5 K)T))KEDfj5 E,EpCXf|O2| K)' K)0'£p>+£v. L 8'

T2),C&)t'+,: Imp.2)t+2 C).C)2 C+, +f t1. D.'f'.d N(2v), N.2v) T2)j), Au5uCtuC G.'2,),'(uC, p+,t'f.x m)x'muC, 1+&d.2 +f t2'bu,'('), p+>.2 f+2 t1. f+u2t1 t'm., (+,Cu& f+2 t1. f+u2t1 t'm., p)t.2 p)t2')., f+u,d.d t1. t>+ ',(+mp&.t. .x.d2). t+ Ap+&&+ C).C)2 ),d Ap+&&+ Hy&)t. Q(u',tuC) L)b.2'uC C+, +f L(u('uC), +f t1. v+t',5-t2'b. A(m'&'), JuCtuC C+((.'uC L.p'duC, p2+(+,Cu&, >)C 2.Cp+,C'b&. f+2 t1. (+,Ct2u(t'+, ),d d.d'()t.d t1.m. I, t1. f+u2t1 y.)2.

A((+2d',5 t+ M'tf+2d (1990, 2184-5), t1. ',C(2'pt'+, ',d'()t.d t1)t t1. >+2C1'p +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C ),d Ap+&&+ C).C)2 b.5), du2',5 t1. 2.'5, +f T2)j), ),d t1. d.'ty +f Ap+&&+ C).C)2 2.p2.C.,t.d t1. >+2C1'p +f t1'C R+m), Emp.2+2. H+>.v.2, +t1.2C ((f. Fuj'' 2013, 62-4; K),t'2.) 2008, 101; 2010 269-271) 1'51&'51t.d t1)t b.()uC. t1. ',C(2'pt'+, d.C(2'b.C t1. .x.d2). )C )&2.)dy d.d'()t.d t+ Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C ),d Ap+&&+ C).C)2 ),d (+mp&.t.d +,&y, t1uC 'mp&y',5 t1)t t1. ',t2+du(t'+, +f t1. >+2C1'p +f Ap+&&+ C).C)2 p2+b)b&y ),t.d)t.d T2)j), 2.'5,. Up t+ ,+>, Ap+&&+ C).C)2 ),d Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C )pp.)2 +, .'51t m+,um.,tC. H+> ),d >1.2. Ap+&&+ C).C)2 >)C >+2C1'pp.d 'C )mb'5u+uC. S+m. C(1+&)2C p2+p+C.d t1)t d'v'd.d (.&&) +f t1. N+2t1>.Ct Bu'&d',5 >)C ) (u&t'( p&)(. f+2 b+t1 d.'t'.C Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C ),d Ap+&&+ C.C)2. A&t1+u51 t1. (u&tC +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C ),d Ap+&&+ C).C)2 >.2. t1. m+Ct v'C'b&., t1.y d'd ,+t .x1)uCt )&& t1. )Cp.(tC +f Ap+&&',( >+2C1'p ', K+u2'+, 2.5'+,. I, ), ',C(2'pt'+, f+u,d )t K+&+CC' ,.)2 K+u2'+,, Ap+&&+ 'C m.,t'+,.d )C t1. 5u)2d'), +f pub&'( 2+)dC—A5y)t.C (K)2)5.+251'C 1998, 190). N+t1',5 'C A,+>, )b+ut (1t1+,'( .&.m.,tC >1'(1 (+u&d 1)v. b.., ), 'mp+2t),t p)2t +f t1. Hy&)t.C (u&t ', K+u2'+,. H+>.v.2, t>+ ',C(2'pt'+,C, Ct'&& ', C'tu, ',d'()t. t1)t Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C >)C t1. t'tu&)2 d'v','ty +f t1. u,d.252+u,d C),(tu)2y ', A&+,') t+u Ep'CA+p+u— N.) P)p1+C (M)CC+, 1983,96-99, Mty,)2(?yA 1980, 239-240). T1. Cp.('f'( )2(1't.(tu2. +f t1'C C),(tu)2y ),d 'tC &+()t'+, &',A d'2.(t&y t1. (u&t +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C >'t1 C+m. (1t1+,'( 2't.C (Mty,)2(?yA 1980, 246-247). A,+t1.2 p.(u&')2'ty +f Ap+&&',. (u&t ', N.) P)p1+C 2.5'+, (+m.C f2+m Am)25.tt' C),(tu)2y (C.. b.&+> p. 51-52). O,. d.d'()t'+, t+ Ap+&&+ M.&),t1'+C A,+>, f2+m t1)t C't. )tt.Ct.d t+ t1. 'd.,t'f'()t'+, b.t>.., t1. O&ymp'), 5+d Ap+&&+ ),d &+()& d.'ty Op)+, (M'tf+2d 1946, 38). B.C'd. t1. ('ty +f K+u2'+, ),d N.) P)p1+C 2.5'+,, t1. (u&t +f Ap+&&+ 'C .Cp.(')&&y >.&&-p2+v., ', t1. M.C)+2') p&)',. T1'C 2.5'+, 1)C b.., 2.(+5,'?.d )C ) Cyp2'+t. (.,t2. +f t1'C 5+d (V.m.t 2016, 354). By t1. .,d +f t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d, 1'C >+2C1'p 'C )CC+(')t.d >'t1 t>.&v. C't.C; )m+,5 t1.m, t1. 5+d 'C (&.)2&y 'd.,t'f'.d by d.d'()t'+,C ', T)m)CC+C-F2),5'CC), G+&5+'-H)5'+C P1+t'+C, L.fA+,'A+-Ay') Z+,', C1yt2+'-SA)&' ),d V+,'. T1. C(u&ptu2. 'C ),+t1.2 A.y .&.m.,t t+ d.t.(t t1. 2.&'5'+uC p2.C.,(. +f Ap+&&+ )t T)m)CC+C-P+&'t'A+, M)&&+u2), Sty&&+C-K2',.C ),d p2+b)b&y )t Py2+'-E&'). At &.)Ct C+m. +f )b+v.-m.,t'+,.d C),(tu)2'.C (G+&5+'-H)5'+C P1+t'+C, C1yt2+'-SA)&', V+,', M)&&+u2),

RELIGION

33

Py2+'-E&')) >.2. Ct'&& )(t'v. ', t1. ()2&y R+m), p.2'+d. T1. 2'tu)& )(t'v'ty ', t1. Ap+&&',( t.m.,+' +f t1. M.C)+2') P&)', 'C ,+t >.&& 2.(+5,'C.d. M+Ct +f t1. C),(tu)2'.C b.&+,5 t+ t1. .xt2)-u2b),/2u2)& typ.C d)t.d f2+m t1. Cyp2'+t. A2(1)'( p.2'+d. T1. Ct),d)2d +ff.2',5C >.2. b+t1 b.)2d.d ),d b.)2d&.CC m)&. Ct)tu.tt.C. T1. 5+d >)C +ft., 2.p2.C.,t.d >'t1 >2.)t1C +f p&),tC >'t1 m.d'(',)& )tt2'but.C. B.C'd.C t1. p&),tC, t1. &)u2.& +f Ap+&&+ >)C t1. m+Ct 2.(u22.,t +,. (C)CC'm)t'C 1982, 156-163). T1'C A',d +f .x-v+t+ >)C )&C+ (.2t)',&y ',v+&v.d ', C+m. 2'tu)&C 1.&d t+ ',v+A. 2.5.,.2)t'v. d'v',. f+2(.C f+2 t1. f.2t'&'ty +f t1. v.5.t)t'+, (V.m.t 2015). A qu't. d'ff.2.,t )Cp.(t +f Ap+&&+ (u&t 'C v'C'b&. ', Py&)-St)v2+C C),(tu)2y (', 2.5'+, +f L)2,)()) >1.2. Ap+&&+ >)C >+2C1'pp.d u,d.2 t1. .p't1.t M)5('2'+C. T1'C .p't1.t m+Ct p2+b)b&y 2.&)t.d t+ t1. m)5.'2+', t1+C. >1+ p.2f+2m.d t1. C)(2'f'(.C (B.,,.tt 1980, 184). L'tt&. 'C A,+>, )b+ut t1'C C),(tu)2y 'tC.&f. B+t1 Cy&&)b'( ),d )&p1)b.t'( ',C(2'pt'+,C ',d'()t. t1)t ', Py&), 1. C1)2.C t1. C),(tu)2y >'t1 1'C C'Ct.2 A2t.m'C. S.v.2)& &'m.Ct+,. Ct)tu.C +f A2t.m'C >.2. f+u,d ', t1. C),(tu)2y. Sty&'Ct'()&&y, t1.y d)t.d p2'm)2'&y t+ H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d ),d 2.p2.C.,t.d t1. 5+dd.CC ', ) G2..A f+2m )C ) 1u,t2.CC; A2t.m'C’ 2'51t 1),d 'C uCu)&&y p&)(.d +, t1. 1.)d +f ) Cm)&& Ct)5 >1'(1 'C Ct),d',5 by 1.2 f..t. H.2 &.ft )2m 'C Ct2.t(1.d d+>, b.C'd. 1.2 b+dy &'A. ', t1)t Ct)tu. d)t.d t+ .)2&y Imp.2')& p.2'+d (K)2)51(+25'C 1998, 180).

Zeus

Z.uC >)C t1. m)', 5+d +f S)&)m'C >1'(1, )((+2d',5 t+ t1. G2..A +2)t+2 IC+(2)t.C (Ev)5+2)C: 50), >)C t1. m+Ct G2..A )m+,5 t1. ('t'.C +f Cyp2uC. I,d..d, t1. ',C(2'pt'+,C d)t.d t+ t1. 1Ct ),d 2,d (.,tu2'.C AD ',d'()t. t1)t ', S)&)m'C, t1. 5+d >)C >+2C1'pp.d u,d.2 t1. >.&&-A,+>, G2..A .p't1.t O&ymp'(C (K)2)5.+251'C 1998, 90). U,f+2tu,)t.&y, d.Cp't. t1. 'mp+2t),(. +f t1. C),(tu)2y t1)t 1)d t1. 2'51t +f )Cy&um, v.2y &'tt&. 'C A,+>, )b+ut t1. 2't.C ),d t1. (1)2)(t.2 +f t1. >+2C1'p +f Z.uC )t S)&)m'C. B.t>.., t1. m)', C),(tu)2'.C +f Cyp2uC, t1'C t.m.,+C >)C t1. +,&y +,. &+()t.d juCt ',C'd. t1. ('ty ,.xt t+ )5+2). Ex()v)t'+,C d+,. by F2.,(1 m'CC'+, 1)v. 2.v.)&.d t1)t t1. f'2Ct p1)C. +f (+,Ct2u(t'+, +f t1. t.mp&. t++A p&)(. ', t1. &)t. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d. I, t1.C. p1)C., t1. Ct2u(tu2. 1)C b.., bu'&t )C ) Cp)('+uC p.2'pt.2)& 1.x)Cty&. t.mp&. >'t1 C+2',t1'), (+&um,C (A25+ut .t )&. 1975, 138 C.. )&C+ p. 20). T1. (u&t Ct)tu. +f t1. 5+d >)C 2.p2.C.,t.d +, (+',C 'CCu.d by t1. A+',+, +f Cyp2uC. T1. 5+d 'C d.­ p'(t.d Ct),d',5 >'t1 ) &'b)t'+, b+>& ', t1. 2'51t 1),d, ), .)5&. p.2(1.d +, t1. C(.pt2. (Figure 14). I,C(2'pt'+,C )tt.Ct t1. .x'Ct­ F'5u2. 14. T1. (+', >'t1 Z.uC S)&)m',+C .,(. +f ) 1'51 p2'.Ct +f 1'C (u&t. 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,.

34

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

B.C'd.C S)&)m'C, t1. (u&t +f Z.uC 'C )&C+ )tt.Ct.d by +t1.2 R+m), p+&.'C. T1. &)25.Ct ('ty +f ,+2t1>.Ct Cyp2uC, A2C',+(, 'C (2.d't.d by St2)b+ (14.6.3) >'t1 ) C),(tu)2y +f Ap12+d't. ),d Z.uC t1)t m+Ct p2+b)b&y >.2. )(t'v. f2+m t1. A2(1)'( p.2'+d ',t+ t1. .)2&y .mp'2.. Ep'52)p1'( .v'd.,(. ',d'()t.C t1. .x'Ct.,(. +f ) (u&t +f Z.uC K.p)uv'+q, ', R+m), K't+, (S+&+m'd+u-I.2+,ym'd+u 1985, 61). T., ',C(2'pt'+,C +, t1. Ct)tu. b)C.C f+u,d +, t1. t+p K)Ct2+C 1'&& )b+ut 1 Am C+ut1->.Ct +f t1. v'&&)5. P1)C+u&) 2.f.2 t+ Z.uC A)pp)v'+5 (H.2,')2y 1992). A&t1+u51 t1. f'2Ct t>+ ',C(2'pt'+,C >.2. f+u,d )C .)2&y )C 1874 /1875, t1. C't. 1)C ,.v.2 b.., ) Cubj.(t +f CyCt.m)t'( )2(1).+&+5'()& >+2AC. M),y f2)5m.,tC +f C(u&ptu2.C +f Z.uC d)t.d t+ t1. 2,d ),d 32d (.,tu2y AD >.2. ,+t.d )t t1. C)m. p&)(. ),d 't 'C 1'51&y p2+b)b&. t1)t t1. ',C(2'pt'+,C )2. f2)5m.,tC +f Ct)tu.C 2.p2.C.,t',5 Z.uC 1'mC.&f. T>+ +t1.2 d.d'()t'+,C t+ Z.uC L)b2),'+C )2. A,+>, f2+m C1),d2'), ) C't. &+()t.d ', t1. T2+d+C M+u,t)',C. O,. +f t1+C. ',C(2'pt'+,C 'C d)t.d t+ t1. .,d +f 2.'5, +f C+mm+duC.

Other Olympian gods

Ot1.2 t1), t1+C. +f Ap12+d't., Ap+&&+, ),d Z.uC (u&tC +f O&ymp'), 5+dC ', R+m), Cyp2'+t C..m t+ 1)v. b.., m+Ct&y +f &+()& 'mp+2t),(..

Artemis It 'C )52..d t1)t A2t.m'C >)C ',t2+du(.d t+ Cyp2uC du2',5 t1. 5t1 (.,tu2y BC )&+,5 >'t1 +t1.2 G2..A 5+dC ),d C1. >)C v.,.2)t.d u,d.2 v)2'+uC .p't1.tC A,+>, f2+m .&C.>1.2.. Du2',5 t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d, t1. &+()& &'m.Ct+,. Ct)tu.tt.C ),d Ct)tu.C C1+> t1)t t1. 'm)5.C +f A2t.m'C >.2. d.d'()t.d ', v)2'+uC Cyp2'+t C),(tu)2'.C, Py&), A2C+C, Id)&'+,, A(1,) (W2'.dt S+2.,C., 2009, 204; K)2)51.+25'C 1998, 176-186). H+>.v.2, C1. d+.C ,+t C..m t+ 1)v. b.., t1. p2',('p)& 5+d +f ),y +f t1+C. C),(tu)2'.C. Du2',5 t1. R+m), p.2'+d t1. 5+dd.CC, t+5.t1.2 >'t1 1.2 b2+t1.2 Ap+&&+, >)C Ct'&& >+2C1'pp.d ', Py&) (C.. )b+v. p. 33), M)&&+u2) (C+u,tC, T+um)?+u 2003) ),d, )C .p'52)p1'()& .v'd.,(. ',d'()t.C, )&C+ ', P.2) ,.)2 T)m)CC+C (U&b2'(1 2008 546-553). T1. (u&t +f A2t.m'C P)2)&') ', S)&',.C ,.)2 K't'+, 1)C b.., t1. Cubj.(t +f ) &+,5 )()d.m'( d.b)t.. T1.2. )2. t12.. d)t.d t+ t1. &)t. 2,d (.,tu2y AD d.d'()t'+,C t+ A2t.m'C P)2)&'). A&& t1.C. ',C(2'pt'+,C >.2. f+u,d )2+u,d 1870 ),d p2.C.,t.d by Lu'5' P. d' C.,C+&) )C (+m',5 f2+m L)2,)() S)&t M)2C1. T>+ +f t1. d.d'()t'+,C )2. ,+> ', t1. M.t2+p+&'t), MuC.um +f A2t ', N.> Y+2A >1'&. t1. t1'2d +,.—t1. d.d'()t'+, +f Au2.&'+C A2'Ct+,—'C Ct+2.d ', C)b',.t d.C M.d)&&'+,C ', P)2'C. W1.2. t1.y >.2. f+u,d — L)2,)() S)&t M)2C1, S)&',.C — m)d. 't p+CC'b&. t+ &+()t. t1. C),(tu)2y +f A2t.m'C P)2)&') ', t1. ,+2t1 p)2t +f t1. C)&t &)A. {Plate 9) ', t1. C)m. p&)(. >1.2. ) d.p+C't +f t.22)(+tt) f'5u2',.C d)t.d t+ 5t1-4,1 (.,tu2y BC >)C f+u,d (Y+, 1992, 301). AC t1.2. 'C ) C'5,'f'(),t (12+,+&+5'()& 5)p b.t>.., t1. d.p+C't +f Ct)tu.tt.C ),d t1. .p'52)p1'()& 2.(+2dC, t1'C (+,,.(t'+, >)C qu.Ct'+,.d m),y t'm.C but 't >)C ,+t .x(&ud.d. T1. A2t.m'C P)2)&') C..mC t+ b. ) d.'ty d..p&y 2++t.d ', t1. .,v'2+,m.,t ),d (u&tu2)& &),dC()p. +f ),('.,t K't'+,. T1. C)m. .p't1.t P)2)&') >)C )&C+

RELIGION

35

p2.C.,t ', t1. f+u2t1 .p'52)p1'()& 2.(+2d. U,f+2tu,)t.&y, t1'C ',C(2'pt'+, 'C +,&y A,+>, f2+m ) d.C(2'pt'+, ),d d2)>',5 p2.C.,t.d by A&.CC),d2+ P)&m) d' C(,C+&) ', 1'C b++A S)&)m',') (1882, 96; f'5. 105 (f. Figure 15). B+t1 N'(+&)+u (1976, 111) ),d M'tf+2d (1957, 164) Cu55.Ct.d ) p+CC'b&. (+,fuC'+, 2.5)2d',5 >1.2. 't >)C f+u,d b.t>.., S)&)m'C ),d K't'+,. H+>.v.2 ', S)&)m'C, &'A. ', K't'+,, C)&t p2+du(t'+, >)C )(t'v. du2',5 t1. >1+&. R+m), p.2'+d C+ t1'C C.(+,d p+CC'b&. p&)(. +f >+2C1'p +f F'5u2. 15. D.d'()t'+, t+ A2t.m'C P)2)&')—d2)>',5 A2t.m'C P)2)&') (),,+t b. +v.22u&.d. F2+m b)C.d +, C.,C+&) 1882, f'5. 105. )t &.)Ct t1. p.2'+d +f 2.'5, +f P,yt)5+2)C, (351-331 BC) >1+ (1+C. t+ uC. t1. 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, +f A2t.m'C )C ), .mb&.m +, t1. 2.v.2C. +f C'&v.2 d'd2)(1m)(, S)&)m'C >)C .Cp.(')&&y &',A.d >'t1 t1. 5+dd.CC. T>+ f2)5m.,t)2y p2.C.2v.d .)2&y R+m), m)2b&. Ct)tu.C f2+m t1. S)&)m','), 5ym,)C'um )2. t1. m+Ct 'mp2.CC'v. 'm)5.C +f A2t.m'C A,+>, f2+m Cyp2uC. T1.y )2. b+t1 d)t.d t+ t1. 2,d (.,tu2y AD ),d d.p'(t.d t1. 5+dd.CC )C ) 1u,t.2 )((+2d',5 t+ t1. C+-()&&.d L)p12') ),d V.2C)'&&.C typ.C, 2.Cp.(t'v.&y (W2'.dt S+2.,C., 2009, 200). T1. >+2C1'p +f ),+t1.2 'mp+2t),t O&ymp'), 5+dd.CC—Athena 'C )tt.Ct.d +,&y t+ t1. t>+ m)', R+m), Cyp2'+t. ('t'.C, N.) P)p1+C ),d S)&)m'C. A((+2d',5 t+ ), ',C(2'pt'+, d)t',5 t+ t1. 2,d (.,tu2y BC, t1.2. >)C ) C),(tu)2y +f At1.,) ', S)&)m'C (K)2)51.+251'C 1998, 170). T1'C C),(tu)2y p2+b)b&y fu,(t'+,.d u,t'& &)t. p.2'+d )C P+2p1y2'+C (D. AbCt',.,t'): 2.54) m.,t'+,.d ) p.2'b+&+C >)&& >1'(1 .,(&+C.d t1. C),(tu)2'.C +f At1.,), A52)u&+C, ),d D'+m.d.C. T1. S)&)m'C 5ym,)C'um >)C )d+2,.d >'t1 ) m)2b&. Ct)tu. +f t1. 5+dd.CC, ) (+py +f t1. C+-()&&.d At1.,) H.p1).Ct.') typ., >1'(1 1)d b.., (2.)t.d by A&A.m.,.C f+2 ) t.mp&. ', At1.,C. T1'C Ct)tu. f+u,d ', 1890 'C ,+> &+()t.d ', AC1m+&.), MuC.um +f Oxf+2d (K)2)5.+251'C ),d V.2m.u&. 1966, 13 f.). B.C'd.C t1. (+,Ct),t p2.C.,(. +f A2t.m'C ),d At1.,) ', t1. 2.&'5'+uC &),dC()p. +f Cy­ p2uC, t1.2. >.2. )&C+ (u&tC +f Hera >1+ >)C >+2C1'pp.d )C t1. Cp+uC. +f Z.uC. A((+2d',5 t+ B.,,.tt (1980, 125), ', Am)t1+uC t1.2. >)C ) H.2)'+, >1.2. .v.2y y.)2 Am)t1+uC'),C (.&.b2)t.d t1. m)22')5. +f H.2) ),d Z.uC—) 2'tu)& (+,,.(t.d >'t1 t1. f.2t'&'ty +f f'.&dC, ),'m)&C, ),d 1um),C. T1. +,&y A,+>, 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, +f H.2) ', Cyp2uC 'C ) (+&+CC)& m)2b&. Ct)tu. f+u,d ', 5ym,)C'um +f S)&)m'C (K)2)5.+251'C ),d V.2m.u&. 1964, 35 f.). T1. (u&t +f t1. 5+dd.CC Hestia u,d.2 t1. .p't1.t B+uX)') 'C (+,f'2m.d by t1. O)t1 +f A&&.5'),(. ),d ), ',C(2'pt'+, f2+m t1. R+m), p.2'+d, f+u,d ', t1. v'&&)5. +f N'A+A&.'), ,.)2 P)&)'p)p1+C (S+&+m'd+u-I.2+,ym'd+u 1985, 60). A D+m't'),'( ',C(2'pt'+, ,)m.C ) 1'51 p2'.Ct.CC +f )&& t.mp&.C +f Demeter +, t1. 'C&),d, )&t1+u51 t1.'2 &+()t'+,C )2. u,A,+>, (M'tf+2d 1980, 1371). F',)&&y, t1. )CC+(')t'+, +f t1. (u&t +f 5+d Asclepios ),d t1)t +f t1. 5+dd.CC Hygiea, 'C )tt.Ct.d ', Cyp2uC by +,&y t>+ .p'52)p1'()& d+(um.,tC, +,. H.&&.,'Ct'(, f+u,d ', t1. S),(tu)2y +f Ap12+d't. )t P)&)'p)p1+C, ),d +,. R+m),, f+u,d )t D2+m+&)x') v'&&)5., ', t1. d'Ct2'(t +f L)2,)() (S+&+m'd+u-I.2+,ym'd+u 1985, 59).

36

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

Oriental gods T1. +2'.,t)& .&.m.,t >)C (+,C'Ct.,t&y p2.C.,t )C ), ',t.52)& p)2t +f &+()& Cyp2'+t. b.&'.fC.

Cults of Phoenician origin T1. 5.+52)p1'()& p2+x'm'ty +f Cyp2uC t+ t1. N.)2 E)Ct >)C t1. p2'm)2y 2.)C+, f+2 longue duree (+mm.2(')& 2.&)t'+,C b.t>.., t1. t>+ 2.5'+,C. T1. p2.C.,(. +f t1. P1+.,'('),C ', Cyp2uC )t t1. b.5',,',5 +f t1. 1Ct m'&&.,,'um BC >)C t1. (+,t',u)t'+, +f t1+C. (&+C. (+mm.2(')& &',AC. S)&)m'C, K't'+,, P)&)'p)p1+C, ),d C1'+2+A't') )2( f+u2 &+()t'+,C +, t1. 'C&),d >1.2. P1+.,'('), ',C(2'pt'+,C d)t',5 b.f+2. t1. 8t1 (.,tu2y BC >.2. f+u,d. F2+m t1. 7t1 (.,tu2y BC, t1. C'5,C +f P1+.,'('), p2.C.,(. ',(2.)C.d .Cp.(')&&y ', t1. p+2tC +f Am)t1+uC ),d K't'+, )C >.&& )C ', T)m)CC+C, C1yt2+', ),d Id)&'+,. At t1)t t'm. b+t1 P1+.,'('),C ),d t1. Cyp2'+t.C 1)d t+ d.)& >'t1 t1. 2'C. +f t>+ .mp'2.C—t1. ACCy2'), ),d t1., t1. P.2C'), (&+),,+u 2015). Du2',5 t1. (&)CC'()& p.2'+d, t1. P1+.,'('),C, >'t1 P.2C'), Cupp+2t, Cu((..d.d ', .Ct)b&'C1',5 ) dy,)Cty ', K't'+,. At ) C't. A,+>, )C K)t1)2' (Plate 9), t1.y bu'&t +, t1. 2u',C +f ) C),(tu)2y +f ) f.m',',. d.'ty, ) t.mp&. d.d'()t.d t+ ACt)2t. >1'(1 >)C t1. &)25.Ct t.mp&. +f ) 5+dd.CC .v.2 f+u,d ', t1. M.d't.22),.), (K)2)5.+251'C 2005, 113). T1. t.mp&. 2.m)',.d ', uC. u,t'& t1. 4t1 (.,tu2y BC (K)2)5.+251'C 2005, 146). I, t1. .)Ct.2, p)2t +f t1. ('ty—t1. B)mb+u&) C't.—Ct++d t1. t.mp&. >1.2. ACt)2t. >)C >+2C1'pp.d t+5.t1.2 >'t1 B)&& +f K't'+,/M.&q)2t >1+ >)C t1. p2+t.(t+2 +f t1. ('ty )&C+ 'd.,t'f'.d >'t1 H.2)A&.C. T1. t.mp&. (+,t',u.d t+ b. uC.d u,t'& t1. .)2&y H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d (K)2)5.+251'C 2005,148-156). A&C+, t1. .x'Ct.,(. +f ) t.mp&. +f t1. 5+d ECmu,-M.&q)2t +, t1. P)tC)&+C H'&& >)C (+,f'2m.d by )2(1).+&+5'()& 2.m)',C (M'(1)(&'d+u-N'(+&)+u 1978, 796). T1. (u&t +f P1+.,'('), 5+dC >)C f+u,d ,+t +,&y ', K't'+, but )&C+ ', Id)&'+,, T)m)CC+C, L)2,)() t'C L)p.t1+,, ),d p2+b)b&y Am)t1+uC )C H.Cy(1'+C (C.v. M)&'A)) 2.f.2C t+ (M'(1).&'d+u-N'(+&)+u 1978, 797). W't1 p)CC',5 t'm., pu2.&y P1+.,'('), .&.m.,tC >.2. Ct2+,5&y ',f&u.,(.d by G2..A (u&tC. Ex()v)t'+,C ', t1. &)Ct f+u2t1 p1)C. +f ACt)2t. t.mp&. ', K't'+, y'.&d.d t.22)(+tt) ),d &'m.Ct+,. Ct)tu.tt.C ', t1. pu2.Ct G2..A Cty&. (K)2)5.+251'C 2005, 146). Aft.2 312 BC, t1. m)', P1+.,'('), t.mp&. C..mC t+ 1)v. b.., )b),d+,.d. I, t1. R+m), p.2'+d, P1+.,'('), (u&tC 2.m)',.d ) d'Ct),t 2.&'5'+uC t2)d't'+,.

Egyptian goods T1. 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C +f E5ypt'), d.'t'.C ),d C.m' 5+dC (f+2 .x)mp&. B.C f'5u2',.C) )2( v'C'b&. ', Cyp2uC f2+m )t &.)Ct L)t. B2+,?. A5. (M'(1).&'d+u-N'(+&)+u 1978, 791). Du2',5 t1. Cyp2+-A2(1)'( p.2'+d t1.2. 'C u,d+ubt.d .v'd.,(. +f ',f&u.,(. +f E5ypt'), Cymb+&'Cm. A b2'.f p.2'+d +f E5ypt'), 2u&. ()b+ut 560 - 540 B.C) f+Ct.2.d Cyp2'+t. .(+,+m'( 2.&)t'+,C >'t1 E5ypt. I, t1. 2.&'5'+uC Cp1.2. .&.m.,tC Cu(1 )C t1. 1.)d +f H)t1+2 )pp.)2.d ', qu),t'ty f+2 t1. f'2Ct t'm. .Cp.(')&&y )t Am)t1+uC. T1. H)t1+2 (u&t 'C )&C+ .v'd.,(.d ', t1. 6t1 - 5t1 (.,tu2y BC by 'mp+C',5 &'m.Ct+,. ()p't)&C. T1.y b.)2

RELIGION

37

d'ff.2.,t E5ypt'), Cymb+&C &'A. p)py2uC, Cu, d'C( +2 (+b2). A&C+ t1. 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C +f OC'2'C, IC'C, Pt)1 ),d A,ub'C )2. >.&& v'C'b&. ', (u&t'(-2.&)t.d m)t.2')&. A&t1+u51 m),y f'5u2',.C ),d Ct)tu.C +f 2)m-1.)d.d 5+d >.2. )&C+ f+u,d )t Cyp2'+t. C't.C Z.uC Amm+, 'C ,.v.2 m.,t'+,.d by ,)m. (B.,,.tt 1980, 479; C+u,tC 2009, 112). I, t1. Pt+&.m)'( p.2'+d, ) ,.> >)v. +f E5ypt'), ',f&u.,(. 'C v'C'b&.. Du2',5 t1'C p.2'+d t1. (u&t +f E5ypt'), 5+dC >)C (+,,.(t.d >'t1 t1. (u&t +f t1. 2+y)& f)m'&y (B.,,.t 1980, 479-480) ),d t1.2. >)C ) v'C'b&. t.,d.,(y t+ &.5't'm'?. )ut1+2'ty t12+u51 t1. m),'pu&)t'+, +f (u&tC ),d C)(2.d Cp)(. (P)p),t+,'+u 2012, 361). S.2)p'C

Am+,5 t1. (u&tC +f E5ypt'), d.'t'.C d.v.&+p.d ', Cyp2uC du2',5 t1. Pt+&.m)'( p.2'+d, t1)t +f S.2)p'C C..mC t+ 1)v. b.., t1. .)2&'.Ct. H'C (u&t ', Cyp2uC 'C )tt.Ct.d .p'52)p1'­ ()&&y f2+m t1. .)2&y 32d (.,tu2y BC ', S)&)m'C ),d S+&+' (M'(1).&'d+u-N'(+&)+u 1978, 797). T1. (u&t +f S.2)p'C f+25.d G2..A ),d E5ypt'), .&.m.,tC ',t+ C+m.t1',5 ,.>, >1'(1 )pp.)&.d .Cp.(')&&y t+ t1. ,+,-E5ypt'), Cubj.(tC +f t1. Pt+&.m)'( A',5d+m. P2'm)2'&y, t1. )pp.)2),(. +f t1. 5+d >)C G2..A; t1. (u&t Ct)tu. (2.)t.d by B2y)x'C >)C t+ b.(+m. t1. m+d.& +f 1'C 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C. I, )dd't'+,, C'5,'f'(),t .&.m.,tC +f t1. t2)d't'+, +f G2..A (u&tC +f myCt.2'.C )pp.)2 t+ 1)v. b.., ',(+2p+2)t.d ',t+ t1. 2'tu)&C. O, t1. +t1.2 1),d, m),y typ'()&&y E5ypt'), p2'.Ct&y t't&.C )2. (+,,.(t.d t+ 1'C (u&t (Pf.'ff.2 2008, 392-393). S.2)p'C >)C t1., ) 5+d t1)t m)y 1)v. Cupp+2t.d 'd.,t'f'()t'+, >'t1 E5ypt ),d 'tC Pt+&.m)'( dy,)Cty )C .)2&y )C f2+m t1. 2.'5, +f Pt+&.my II Pt+&.m.'C, >1+ )(­ t'v.&y )tt.mpt.d t+ p)2t'('p)t. ', Cp2.)d',5 t1. (u&t (Pf.'ff.2 2008, 398). T1. (+,C'Ct­ .,t p2.C.,(. +f S.2)p'C ', Cyp2uC (+,t',­ u.d >.&& ',t+ t1. R+m), p.2'+d. T1. .x­ ()v)t'+,C )t S+&+'-C1+&)d.C C1+>.d t1)t ) t.mp&. (T.mp&. E) d.d'()t.d t+ S.2)p'C (W.Ct1&+m 1936, 151-152) .x'Ct.d t1.2. ', t1. S.v.2'), p.2'+d. P2+b)b&y t+ t1'C t.m­ p&. b.&+,5C ) C(u&ptu2. +f S.2)p'C (Figure 16). F+&&+>',5 A&.x),d2'), t2)d't'+,C, 1. >)C d.p'(t.d b+t1 )C ) 5+d +f f.2t'&'ty ),d t1. u,d.2>+2&d. I, t1. C)m. t.mp&., ) (u&t-Ct)tu. +f 5+d C),+puC >)C f+u,d )&m+Ct ', 'tC +2'5',)& p+C't'+, +, t1. )&­ t)2 (W.Ct1+&m 1936, 151; V.2m.u&. 1976, 122). K&.'b& (2007, 139 -140) b.&'.v.C t1)t t1. C(u&ptu2. +f S.2)p'C >)C ', f)(t p)2t +f ) S.2)p'C-C.2b.2uC (u&t'( 52+up. T1. F'5u2. 16. L'm.Ct+,. 1.)d +f S.2)p'C f2+m S+&+'S.2)p'C (u&t-2.&)t.d f',dC )2( )&C+ A,+>, f2+m +t1.2 R+m), C't.C +f Cyp2uC ',(&udC1+&)d.C. Cyp2uC MuC.um ', N'(+C'). ',5 S)&)m'C, >1.2. )t &.)Ct +,. B2yx'CP1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

38

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

typ. 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, 1)C b.., f+u,d, ),d A2C+C. T>+ d.d'()t'+,C f+u,d ', A2C+C: +,. +, p&)qu.tt( d.(+2)t.d >'t1 p1)&&uC, t1. C.(+,d +, v+t'v. (+&+,,.tt. (M)CC+, 1980, 273-275; H.2,')2y 1990, 45-49) )tt.Ct t+ t1. >+2C1'p +f t1. f)m+uC E5ypt'), t2','ty S)2)p'C, IC'C, ),d A,ub'C. I, t1. (+,t.xt +f C'5,'f'(),(. +f S.2)p'C ', t1. 2.&'5'+uC &),d­ C()p. +f R+m), Cyp2uC t>+ m+2. +bj.(tC )2( >+2t1 m.,t'+,',5 1.2.. O,. +f t1.m 'C t1. f)m+uC j)Cp.2 5.mm. >'t1 ) 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, +f C.)t.d S.2)p'C p&)(.d ,.xt t+ t1. t.mp&. +f Cyp2'+t. Ap12+d't. ', P)&)'p)1+C (P.t2'. 1927, 19). A&t1+u51 t1. .x)(t m+t'v.C +f Cu(1 ), )CC+(')t'+, 2.m)', +bC(u2.C ((f. V(ym'(2C 2005, 355) t1'C +bj.(t +f u,A,+>, p2+v­ .,),(., p+',t t+ ), 'mp+2t),t ',f&u.,(. +f E5ypt'), .&.m.,tC +,t+ t+ Cyp2'+t. b.&'.v.C T1. C.(+,d f',d 'C ) b+)t-C1)p.d &)mp f+u,d ', N.) P)p1+C. T1. &)mp d)t.d t+ t1. 2,d/32d (.,tu2y AD >)C d.(+2)t.d >'t1 d.'t'.C +f t1. E5ypt'), p),t1.+,. M+Ct +f t1. d.(A +f t1. b+)t >)C +((up'.d by t1. 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, +f S.2)p'C, >1'&. t1. f+2mu&) HLEIO SERAPES >)C ',C(2'b.d +, t1. f&)t ),d u,d.(+2)t.d b)C. b.f+2. t1. &)mp >)C f'2.d. It C..mC t1)t ) &)25.2 b+)t-C1)p.d &)mpC, .Cp.(')&&y t1+C. >'t1 ',C(2'pt'+,C, 1)d ) v+t)2y .CC.,(.. T1. &)mp f2+m N.) P)p1+C p+',t.d t1., t+ t1. ',t2+du(t'+, +f Cy,(2.t'Cm H.&'+C (S+&) ),d S.2)p'C v'C'b&. ', +t1.2 p)2tC +f M.d't.22),.),. T1'C ,.> 5+d, )C ) p2+t.(t+2 +f t2)v.&&',5, >)C >+2C1'pp.d ', v)2'+uC m)2't'm. ),d f&uv')& p+2tC. It C..mC t1)t ', t1'C ()C. t1. Cyp2'+t. 2.&'5'+uC &),dC()p. 2.f&.(tC t1. 52+>',5 C'5,'f'(),(. +f &+,5-d'C­ t),(. t2)d. ', t1. C+(')& &'f. +f t1. 'C&),d (M'(1).&'d.C 2009, 197).

IC'C

F'5u2. 17. L'm.Ct+,. 1.)d +f IC'C f2+m S+&+'C1+&)d(C. Cyp2uC MuC.um ', N'(+C'). P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

B.C'd. S.2)p'C, t1. (u&t +f IC'C >)C ), 'mp+2t),t .&.m.,t +f Cyp2'+t. b.&'.fC (M'(1).&'d+u-N'(+&)+u 1978, 798). It 'C p2'm)2y v'C'b&. ', t>+ Cyp2'+t. C't.C, Am)t1+uC ),d S+&+'-C1+&)d.C. F2+m t1. 2,d (.,tu2y BC ', Am)t1+uC, t1. (u&t +f IC'C >)C (+,,.(t.d t+ t1. (u&t +f Ap12+d't.. Num.2+uC f'5u2',.C >.2. f+u,d 2.p2.C.,t',5 t1. 5+dd.CC >'t1 Cu(1 (1)2)(t.2'Ct'( f.)tu2.C )C ) A,+tt.d 1'm)t'+, ),d H)t1+2'( (2+>,. M+2.+v.2, t1. ',C(2'pt'+,C f+u,d )t t1. C't. 2.f.2 t+ t1. (u&t +f S.2)p'C, IC'C, ),d )CC+(')t.d 5+dC (K)2)5.+251'C 2005, 105). I, S+&+'C1+&)d.C, t1. (u&t +f IC'C >)C m+Ct p2+b­ )b&y v.,.2)t.d ', C+-()&&.d T.mp&. C. A &'m.Ct+,. Ct)tu.tt. f+u,d juCt +utC'd. t1. (.&&) 'C 2.&)t.d, )((+2d',5 t+ W.Ct1&+m (1936, 200), t+ t1. myt1 +f IC'C ),d OC'2'C

39

RELIGION

A,+>, ',t.2 )&') f2+m P&ut)2(1 (M+2)&'): 5.351-384) ),d 2.p2.C.,tC IC'C A,..&',5 +, ) (+&um, t1)t (+,t)',C t1. 2.m)',C +f 1.2 1uCb),d (P)p),t+,'+u 2012, 175). T1. 'd.,t'f'()t'+, +f T.mp&. C )C ) (u&t p&)(. +f IC'C m'51t b. Cupp+2t.d by t.xtu)& .v'd.,(.. St2)b+ (14.6.3) m.,t'+,.d ) C),(tu)2y C)(2.d t+ Ap12+d't. ),d IC'C. At 1'C t'm., t.mp&.C B ),d C 1)d p2+b)b&y 2.p&)(.d t.mp&. A, ),d )m+,5 t1.m, t.mp&. B >)C d.d'()t.d t+ Ap12+d't. ),d C t+ IC'C, 2.Cp.(t'v.&y. T1. p2.C.,(. +f IC'C ', t1. t.mp&.C )t C1+&)d.C 'C )&C+ )tt.Ct.d by +t1.2 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C (Figure 17). M+Ct +f t1. C(u&ptu2.C +f Cty&. II 1)v. b.., )C(2'b.d )C 2.&)t.d t+ IC)'( '(+,+52)p1y. T1. 2.(.,t )2(1't.(tu2)& ),)&yC'C d+,. by K&.'b& (2007, 133-137) m'51t )&C+ (+,f'2m t1. p2)(t'(. +f IC)'( (u&t ', T.mp&. D, >1'(1 2.m)',.d ', uC. u,t'& t1. f+u2t1 (.,tu2y AD. Of (+u2C., t1. (u&t +f IC'C ', t1. R+m), p.2'+d >)C ,+t &'m't.d C+&.&y t+ Am)t1+uC ),d S+&+'-C1+&)d.C. T>+ d.d'()t'+,C f2+m A2C+C (C.. )b+v. p. 38) ',d'()t. t1. >+2C1'p +f t1. E5ypt'), t2','ty S.2)p'C, IC'C, ),d A,ub'C. It muCt b. ,+t.d 1.2. t1)t t1. (u&t +f A,ub'C p&)y.d ) m+2. 'mp+2t),t 2+&. +, t1. G2..A 'C&),dC—f+2 .x)mp&., +, D.&+C—t1), 't C..mC t+ 1)v. 1)d ', H.&&.,'Ct'( E5ypt; t1.2.f+2. b.­ 1',d t1. p2.C.,(. +f t1. (u&t +f t1)t p)2­ t'(u&)2 t2','ty C..mC t+ Ct),d ) m+2. (+m­ p&'()t.d p2+(.CC t1), t1. d'2.(t ',f&u.,(. +f +ff'(')& Pt+&.m')C p2+p)5),d). T1. ‘Ct),d)2d’ A&.x),d2'), IC'C (+mp),'+,— H)2p+(2)t.C—'C 2.p2.C.,t.d ', Cyp2'+t. +, 5+&d, 5&)CC, ),d b+,. +bj.(tC. T1. 'm­ )5.C +f t1. 5+d (), )&C+ b. f+u,d +, &)mpC ),d p.,d),tC but t1.2. 'C ,+ .v'd.,(. 2.­ 5)2d',5 1'C (u&t +2 t1. (u&t +f E5ypt'), t2','ty (S)2)p'C, IC'C ),d H)2p+(2)t.C) )C ) u,'t (M'(1).&'d.C 2009, 205). B(C

A&t1+u51 t1. >+2C1'p +f t1. E5ypt'), 5+d B.C 'C ,+t )tt.Ct.d ', t1. .p'52)p1y +f Cyp2uC, t1. p2.C.,(. +f t1'C d.'ty du2',5 t1. R+m), p.2'+d 'C )&C+ >+2t1 m.,t'+,',5 1.2.. T1. 5+d 1)d ) C'5,'f'(),t 'mp)(t +, t1. 2.&'5'+uC &),dC()p. +f Am)t1+uC. T1. E5ypt'), B.C A,+>, ', Am)t1+uC f2+m )t &.)Ct t1. Cyp2+-A2(1)'( p.2'+d )ft.2 m),y m+d'f'()t'+,C C..mC t+ 1)v. b.(+m. t1. &+()& .&.m.,t +f t1. (+,C+2t +f t1. Am)t1+uC) 5+dd.CC (P)p),t+,'+u 2012,

F'5u2. 18. St)tu. +f B.C f2+m Am)t1+uC. A2(1).+&+5'()& muC.um ', ICt),bu&. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

40

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

265). T1. d'C(+v.2y +f C.v.2)& Ct)tu.C +f t1. E5ypt'), 5+d B.C, ',(&ud',5 ) (+&+CC)& +,. (Figure 18), Cu55.CtC t1. 1'51 p+pu&)2'ty +f t1'C d.'ty ', t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d. S+m. 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, +f B.C f+u,d ', Am)t1+uC (), b. )&C+ d)t.d t+ t1. R+m), p.2'+d (Aup(2t 2000, 43).

Cult of Emperors I, t1. +ff'(')& ),d 1'51&y f+2mu&)t.d t.xtC Cu(1 )C t1. ',C(2'pt'+, +, ) m'&.Ct+,. (Figure 19), t1. >+2d t1.+C >)C t1. G2..A Cy,+,ym +f d'vuC ),d 2.f&.(t.d ) p+&'t'()& d.('C'+, m)d. ', t1. ()p't)& 2.5)2d',5 t1. (+,C.(2)t'+, +f t1. .mp.2+2 (Fuj'', 2013, 24). H+>.v.2, t1.2. >)C ,+ +,.-t+-+,. .qu'v)&.,(. b.t>.., t1. >+2d t1.+C ),d t1. L)t', d'v' (P2'(. 1984). I, Cyp2'+t. ',C(2'pt'+,C, .mp.2+2C m.,t'+,.d )C t1.+C )2. C).C)2, Au5uCtuC, T'b.2'uC, N.2+, V.Cp)C'),, N.2v), T2)j),, H)d2)',, S(pt'm'+C S.v.2uC, ),d C)2)()&&). T1. f)(t t1)t T'b.2'uC ),d N.2+ d'd ,+t 2.(.'v. +ff'(')& (+,C.(2)t'+, ',d'()t.C t1)t t1. t.2m t1.+C >)C uC.d ', ) b2+)d.2 C.,C.. L'A. ', +t1.2 .)Ct.2, p2+v',(.C, 't ',(&ud.d ,+t +,&y t1. d'v' (+,C.(2)t.d by (.,t2)& 5+v.2,m.,t but )&C+ +t1.2 .mp.2+2C ),d 'mp.2')& f)m'&y m.mb.2C >1+ >.2. ,+t 5'v., t1. t't&. d'vuC/ d'v) )ft.2 t1.'2 d.)t1. F+2 .x)mp&., t1. ',C(2'pt'+, f2+m P)&)'p)p1+C ,)m.d &u') >1+ d'.d ', .x'&. )C &u&') T1.) S.b)Ct.. I, C+m. >)yC, t1. >+2C1'p +f t1. R+m), .mp.2+2C ),d m.mb.2C +f t1. 'mp.2')& 1+uC.1+&d 2.f&.(tC C+m. +f t1. p2)(t'(.C +bC.2v.d du2',5 t1. Pt+&.m)'( p.2'+d. A,+t1.2 ',C(2'pt'+, f2+m P)&)')p1+C, >1'(1 ,)m.d L'v') )C T1.) N.) (C)y&) 2004, 234-236), .(1+.C t1. )CC+(')t'+, +f Pt+&.m)'( Qu..,C >'t1 &+()& d.'t'.C ((f. v), Opp., d. Ru't.2 2007, 12-13). AC Fuj'' u,d.2&',.C (2013, 159), t2)d't'+,)& 2'tu)&C ),d t1. 2+y)& (u&t +f Pt+&.m.'C p2+v'd.d t1. 'mp.2')& (u&t ', Cyp2uC >'t1 ) f2)m. +f 2.f.2.,(.. T1.2. >)C ) &',.)2 'd.+&+5'()& (+,t',u)t'+,—t1. t2)d't'+,)& f+2m +f (u&tC (+,t',u.d ', ) d'ff.2.,t (+,t.xt. H+> t1. 'mp.2')& (u&t >)C .x)(t&y )22),5.d 'C ,+t (&.)2. It C..mC t1)t t1. t12.. typ.C +f 'mp.2')& p2'.Ct1++dC 2.v.)&.d ', t1. .p'52)p1'( 2.(+2d F'5u2. 19. A f2)5m.,t +f ',C(2'b.d m'&.Ct+,.. (+22.Cp+,d.d t+ t12.. &.v.&C +f 'mp.2')& Cyp2uC MuC.um ', N'(+C'). P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

RELIGION

41

(u&t—p2+v',(')&, ('v'(, ),d ',d'v'du)&. T1. m+,+p+&y +f t1. ',d'v'du)& 'mp.2')& (u&t muCt 1)v. b.., .,j+y.d by ) C.&.(t f.> f)m'&'.C ),d &'m't.d t+ .xt2.m.&y >.)&t1y p.+p&.. O,. f2)5m.,t)2y ',C(2'pt'+, f2+m S)&)m'C 2.f.2C t+ ), .mp.2+2 >1+ 1.&d t1. C.v.,t1 t2'bu,'(') p+t.Ct)C ),d t1. C.v.,t1 )((&)m)t'+, +f 'mp(2)t+2 >1., t1'C ',C(2'pt'+, >)C C.t up. A((+2d',5 t+ t1. 5.,.2)& (+,C.,CuC (M'tf+2d 1947, 220-22; K),t'2.) 2008, 110; Fuj'' 2013, 28), t1'C .mp.2+2 >)C N.2+. T1'C >)C ), ',d'v'du)& d.d'()t'+, Cp+,C+2.d by t1. d.d'()t+2 )t 1'C +>, (+Ct ),d )dd2.CC',5 t1. .mp.2+2 )C 1'C +>, 5+d. A&t1+u51 t1.2. )2. C+m. t.Ct'm+,'.C )b+ut t1. C),(tu)2'.C +f Pt+&.m)'( 2u&.2C ', Cyp2uC, A2C',+.'+, ', Id)&'+, (A,)Ct)CC'd.C 1998, 138), Pt+&.m)'+, ', P)p1+C (M'tf+2d 1961), 40-41), ),d p+CC'b&y ) t.mp&. f+2 A2C',+. ', Am)t1+uC (F&+u2(,t?+C 2007), t1. ',d.p.,d.,t t.mp&. +2 C),(tu)2y f+u,d.d Cp.('f'()&&y f+2 ), .mp.2+2’C v.,.2)t'+, 'C v.2y 2.)2 'f ,+t, )C Fuj'' (2013, 57) Cu55.Ct.d, t+t)&&y u,(+,f'2m.d. AC ', t1. +t1.2 .)Ct.2, p2+v',(.C, t1. (u&t +f t1. .mp.2+2 >)C ',t2+du(.d t+ t1. C),(tu)2'.C +f t2)d't'+,)& d.'t'.C, )&t1+u51 t1'C p2)(t'(. C..mC ,+t t+ 1)v. b.., v.2y f2.qu.,t. T>+ ',C(2'pt'+,C f2+m Am)t1+uC ',d'()t. ) C),(tu)2y +f Ap12+d't. ),d T'tuC (C.. p. 24) W. A,+> )&C+ t1)t ', K+u2'+, t1.2. >)C ) (u&t +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C ),d Ap+&&+ C).C)2 (C.. p. 31-32). T>+ f2)5m.,t)2y ',C(2'pt'+,C +, ) Ct+,.-&'A. )&t)2 f+u,d ,.)2 t1. 5)t. +f S)&)m'C 2.f.2 t+ Au5uCtuC )C Z.uC C).C)2. T1.2. 'C )&C+ A,+>, ), ',C(2'pt'+, t1)t 1+,+u2C ) (.2t)', Hy&&+C 52),d-p2'.Ct +f Z.uC O&ymp'(C ),d Au5uCtC (K),t'2.) 2008, 95; Y+, 2009, 289, 291). A&t1+u51 't 1)C b.., p2+p+C.d t1)t t1. t.mp&. +f Z.uC ', S)&)m'C 1+uC.d t1. (u&tC +f .mp.2+2C ((f. Y+, 1980, 92-93; Y+, 2009, 305), .v'd.,(. 'C v.2y C()2(., ),d t1'C ',C(2'pt'+, C1+u&d ,+t ,.(.CC)2'&y b. &',A.d >'t1 't. F+2 t1. (u&t +f .mp.2+2C ', +t1.2C Cyp2'+t. C),(tu)2'.C, .p'52)p1'()& t.Ct'm+,'.C )2. &)(A',5. H+>.v.2, t1. (+,(.,t2)t'+, +f Ct)tu. b)C. ',C(2'pt'+,C ', (u&t'( p&)(.C 'C 2.m)2A)b&.. A((+2d',5 t+ 2.C.)2(1 (+,du(t.d by Fuj'' (2015, 252), +ut +f 28 d.d'()t'+,C >'t1 d.t)'&C +f t1.'2 +2'5',C )v)'&)b&., 21 )2. f2+m 2.&'5'+uC C't.C. Imp.2')& Ct)tu.C ',(&ud.d m+,um.,tC t+ .mp.2+2C, .mp2.CC.C, )C >.&& )C y+u,5.2 'mp.2')& f)m'&y m.mb.2C, .Cp.(')&&y du2',5 t1. Ju&'+-C&)ud'), p.2'+d. U,f+2tu,)t.&y, >. d+ ,+t )C y.t 1)v. ),y 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, d.d'()t.d t+ ) R+m), .mp.2+2 >'t1 ), ',C(2'pt'+, ,+2 1)C ),y Ct)tu. b.., f+u,d ', C'tu. It 'C d'ff'(u&t t1., t+ d'Ct',5u'C1 b.t>.., t1. 2.&'5'+uC-(u&t'( ),d ,+,-2.&'5'+uC 1+,+2'f'( 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C +f .mp.2+2C f+u,d >'t1', t1. t.m.,+'. T1. b2+,?. Ct)tu. +f S.pt'm'uC S.v.2uC f2+m C1yt2+' {Plate 10) 'C )&m+Ct t1. C+&. 2.p2.C.,t)t'v. .x)mp&. +f ) ,)A.d 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, +f t1. .mp.2+2 )tt.Ct.d ', Cyp2uC (Fuj'' 2015, 246). AC ) 2u&., t1. ,ud'ty +f Ct)tu.C .,1),(.d t1.'2 d'v','ty ),d 'C (+,,.(t.d >'t1 ) (u&t >1'(1 C..mC t+ b. )&C+ t1. ()C. >'t1 t1. Ct)tu. +f S.v.2uC. Ot1.2 Ct)tu.C C..m t+ b. 1+,+2'f'( 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C. P&)(',5 ), 'mp.2')& 'm)5. ', ) C)(2.d C't. 'C ) >'d.&y )((.pt.d (+,v.,t'+, ', t1. R+m), Emp'2.. T1. f)(t t1)t t1.2. 'C ,+ )2(1).+&+5'()& .v'd.,(. ', m+Ct +f Cyp2'+t. C),(tu)2'.C p+',t',5 t+ t1. .x'Ct.,(. +f Ct2u(tu2.C bu'&t ', +2d.2 t+ )((+mm+d)t. t1. ,..dC +f ), 'mp.2')& (u&t, m)A.C 't qu't. p2+b)b&. t1)t t1. 'mp.2')& Ct)tu.C >.2. put t1.2. )&+,5C'd. +t1.2 'm)5.C ),d v+t'v. +ff.2',5C d.d'()t.d t+ t1. m)', d.'t'.C +f t1. C),(tu)2'.C (Fuj'' 2015, 253); t1'C (+u&d m)d. ) d2)m)t'( (1),5. ', t1. v'Cu)& )22),5.m.,t +f t1. t.m.,+' but >'t1 t1. m)t.2')& )v)'&)b&. Cu(1 ) p+CC'b'&'ty (),,+t b. d.t.2m',.d. R.&'5'+uC ),d ,+,-2.&'5'+uC 1+,+2'f'( m+,um.,tC, p&)qu.C, ),d v+t'v.C d.d'()t.d t+ t1. R+m), E'j'p.2+2 >.2. ',t2+du(.d ,+t +,&y t+ t1. C),(tu)2'.C but )&C+ t1. m+Ct v'C'b&.

42

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

p&)(.C >'t1', t1. Cyp2'+t. ('t'.C. F+2 ',Ct),(., ) Ct)tu. b)C. f2+m K+u2'+, ((f. M'tf+2d 1971, 153-157 = 1. K+u2'+, ,+. 84) ',d'()t.C t1. (+mm.m+2)t'+, +f (u&t'( 2'tu)&C )t K+u2'+, t+ Au5uCtuC ),d N.2+. T1. .2.(t'+, +f t1'C Ct)tu. >)C f+u,d.d by K+u2'+,, >1'&. t1. p2+(+,Cu& Ju&'uC C+2duC )pp2+v.d t1. )dd't'+,)& .xp.,C., ),d ),+t1.2 p2+(+,Cu&, A,,'uC B)CCuC, p.2f+2m.d 2'tu)&C f+2 C.tt',5 up t1. Ct)tu. (Fuj'' 2013, 54). T1. Ct)tu.C +f .mp.2+2C >.2. )&C+ ',t2+du(.d t+ pub&'( bu'&d',5C. T1. t1.)t2. +f S)&)m'C (Plate 11) )((+mm+d)t.d b+t1 Ct)tu)2y p+2t2)'tC +f G2..A d.'t'.C (D'+,yC+C ),d Ap+&&+ >'t1 t1. MuC.C) ),d R+m), .mp.2+2C. T1. ',(+2p+2)t'+, +f t1. >+2C1'p +f t1. .mp.2+2 ',t+ t1. &+()& 5)m. ()&.,d)2 'C ),+t1.2 (1)2)(t.2'Ct'( .&.m.,t +f (u&t +f .mp.2+2C ', R+m), Cyp2uC. A m+,um.,t +f G)'uC Um,2'd'uC Du2m'uC Qu)d2)tuC d'C(+v.2.d ', N() P)p1+C ',f+2mC uC )b+ut ) f.Ct'v)& f+2 t1. Emp.2+2 A,+>, )C t1. N.2+,.'). A,+t1.2 ',C(2'pt'+, (.&.b2)t.C ), ',d'v'du)& f+2 )(t',5 )C ) v+&u,t)2y )5+,+t1.t.C >1+ Cup.2v'C.d C)(2.d (+,t.CtC A,+>, )C t1. K)'C)2+5.2m),'A(') (Fuj'' 2013, 128-129).

Cult of heroes Foundation myths—Greek Heroes in literature and myths

T1. f+u,d)t'+, myt1C +f t1. Cyp2'+t. p+&.'C >.2. 2.(+2d.d +v.2 t'm. by d'ff.2.,t ),('.,t )ut1+2C. A((+2d',5 t+ t1.m, m),y +f p+&.'C >.2. f+u,d)t'+,C +f G2..A 1.2+.C, p)2t'(u&)2&y 1.2+.C 2.tu2,',5 f2+m t1. T2+j), W)2. Ly(+p12+,’C .p'( A&.x),d2') )&+,. 5'v. uC ,)m.C +f f'v. 1.2+.C 2.tu2,',5 f2+m T2+y t1)t f+u,d.d Cyp2'+t ('t'.C: T.uA2+C, A5)p(,+2, AA)m)C, C.p1.uC ),d P2)x),d2uC (&',.C 450-591). E',.2 Gj(2Ct)d (1944, 107) +bC.2v.d t1)t t1. p2+(.CC +f uC. ),d )d)pt)t'+, +f Cyp2'+t f+u,d)t'+, myt1C 5.,.2)&&y 2.f&.(t.d t1. (+&+,'C)t'+, +f Cyp2uC ),d, ', d+',5 C+, f+&&+>.d 'the usual Greek system used in reconstructing ethnic movements of earlier times’. T1. 2.&)t'+,C1'p b.t>.., t1. (+&+,'C)t'+, +f Cyp2uC ),d t1. ('2(u&)t'+, +f f+u,d)t'+, myt1C 1)C b.., (&+C.&y .x)m',.d by M. F+2t',. T1. (&+C. +v.2v'.> t2+u51 ), )2(1).+&+5'()& m)t.2')& &.d t+ t1. (+,(&uC'+, t1)t t1. f+u,d)t'+, myt1C +f m),y Cyp2'+t. p+&.'C, ',(&ud',5 P)p1+C, K+u2'+,, S+&+' (F+2t', 1980), ),d Am)t1+uC (F+2t', 1984), (+22.Cp+,d t+ )2(1).+&+5'()& .v'd.,(. ((f. F+u22'.2 2008).

P)p1+C A,('.,t &'t.2)tu2. d.C(2'b.C P)&)'p)p1+C )C t1. C't. +f Ap12+d't.’C b'2t1 ),d 1.2 C),(­ tu)2y. (M&y,)2(?yA 1990, 23-35). St2)b+ ', G.+52)p1'() (14.6.3) b2'.f&y ,+t.d t1)t t1. G2..A 1.2+ A5)p.,+2 f+u,d.d P)p1+C .tO’ f| I&)tp+5, K''+p) Ay)Tt2'v+p+(;. T1'C v.2C'+, +f f+u,d)t'+, >'t1 m+2. d.t)'&C >)C p2.C.,t.d )&C+ by P)uC),')C (H.&&)d+C P(2'.5.C'C: 8.5.2-3). W1'&. St2)b+ ),d P)uC),')C ',d'()t.d A5)p.,+2 )C t1. f+u,d.2 +f P)p1+C, T)('tuC (H'Ct+2').: 2.3.1; A,,)&.C: 3.62.4) >2+t. )b+ut t>+ d'ff.2.,t f+u,d.2C, A',5 A(2')C ),d K',y2)C.

RELIGION

43

T)('tuC >2+t. (H'Ct+2')(: 2.3.1):

C+,d't+2(m t.mp&' 2.5.m A.2')m v.tuC m.m+2'), qu'd)m 'pC'uC d(). ,+m., 'd p(21'b(,t. F)m) 2((.,t'+2 t2)d't ) C',y2) C)(2)tum t(mp&um d()mqu. 'pC)m (+,((pt)m m)2' 1u. )dpu&C)m; C.d C('(,&')m )2t.mqu. 1)2uCp'(um )(('t)m .t C'&'(.m T)m'2)m ',tu&'CC. ... T1. f+u,d.2 +f t1. t.mp&., )((+2d',5 t+ +&d t2)d't'+,, >)C K',5 A.2')C. S+m., 1+>.v.2 C)y t1)t t1'C >)C t1. ,)m. +f t1. 5+dd.CC 1.2C.&f. A m+2. 2.(.,t t2)d't'+, 2.p+2tC t1)t t1. t.mp&. >)C (+,C.(2)t.d by C',y2)C, ),d t1)t t1. 5+dd.CC 1.2C.&f )ft.2 C1. Cp2),5 f2+m t1. C.), >)C >)ft.d 1't1.2; but t1)t t1. C('.,(. ),d m.t1+d +f d'v',)t'+, >.2. 'mp+2t.d f2+m )b2+)d by t1. C'&'('), T)m'2)C N+t mu(1 'C A,+>, )b+ut t1. f'5u2. +f K',5 A.2')C. H.2+ K',y2)C, 1+>.v.2, 'C f)2 b.tt.2 A,+>, f2+m >2'tt., C+u2(.C. H. 'C p2.C.,t.d )C ) &+()& Cyp2'+t. +2 )C ) m), +2'5'­ ,)t',5 f2+m ‘.)Ct.2, &),dC’ m)',&y f2+m C'&'('), t1. p&)(. f2+m >1.2., )((+2d',5 t+ T)('­ tuC, T)m'2)C—>1+ b2+u51t t1. C)(2.d )2t +f d'v',)t'+,—()m. )C >.&&. L't.2)2y )((+u,tC (C.. T)b&. 1) (+,f&)t. t1. 5.,.)&+5y +f K',y2)C >'t1 +t1.2 f)m'&')2 myt1+&+5'()& f'5u2.C. F+2 .x)mp&., ', Ov'd’C M.t)m+2p1+C.C (10.270-298), 1. 'C ) d.C(.,d),t +f Py5m)&'+,. Ev., ) Cup.2f'(')& +v.2v'.> +f t1. ),('.,t &'t.2)tu2. d.m+,Ct2)t.C t1)t K'2y,')C >)C ) >.&&-A,+>, f'5u2. b+t1 t+ G2..A ),d L)t', )ut1+2C ),d 1. >)C t2)d't'+,)&&y )CC+(')t.d >'t1 t1. P)p1'), C),(tu)2y ),d >'t1 t1. 5+dd.CC Ap12+d't. ((f. B)u2)', 1980). B.C'd. 1'C 2+&. )C ) f+u,d.2 +f t1. C),(tu)2y, K'2y,')C >)C )&C+ )CC+(')t.d >'t1 .Ct)b&'C1',5 )(t'v't'.C >1'(1 >.2. A.y t+ t1. 'd.,t'ty +f t1. 'C&),d, Cu(1 )C (+pp.2 m',',5 ),d ',t2+­ du(',5 t++&C f+2 m.t)&&u25y. D.Cp't. ,um.2+uC myt1+&+5'()& )((+u,tC +f t1. 'mp+2t),(. +f K'2y,')C ', t1. 2.&'5'+uC &),dC()p. +f Cyp2uC, )2(1).+&+5'()&&y 1. 'C )&m+Ct ,+>1.2. t+ b. C..,. I, t1. (u22.,t Ct)t. +f .v'd.,(., 't 'C +,&y t1. ('ty’C &)Ct A',5 +f P)p1+C, N'A+A&.C II f+2 >1+m >. 1)v. ),y .p'52)p1'( .v'd.,(. +f t1. K',y2)d &.5)(y (F2),A&', 2015, 409). A, ',C(2'pt'+, m+Ct p2+b)b&y ()2v.d +, t1. b)C. +f ) Ct)tu. d.d'()t.d t+ P)p1'), Ap12+d't. )t L.d2+' (+,t)',C K',y2)C ,)m.. F+&&+>',5 t1. M'tf+2d (1961b, 136-138) p2+p+C't'+,, 't (), b. t2),C&)t.d )C f+&&+>C:

I[,] t1. L.d2'),C’ p2.(',(t +f P[)p1'), ) C('+, +f 5&+2'+uC] F)t1.2C, A2A1)'+C, [)dm'2',5&y .2.(t].d [C(. ) Ct)tu. +f] T'm)2A1+C’ C+,, t1. P)p1'),C’ [+utCt),d',5 A',5]N'A+A&.C, +f d'v[',.-Cp.)A',5] K',y2)C [d.C(.,d),t].

T1. ',C(2'pt'+, p)&.+52)p1'()&&y d)t.d t+ t1. &)Ct qu)2t.2 +f t1. f+u2t1 (.,tu2y 'C Cup2.m.&y 'mp+2t),t )C p2++f (+,f'2m',5 t1. K',y2)d m+,)2(1y )t P)p1+C A,+>, f2+m &'t.2)2y t2)d't'+,C (C&.m.,t +f A&.x),d2'), P2+t2.pt'(uC: 3.40). Aft.2 t1. Pt+&.m)'( ),,.x)t'+, +f Cyp2uC, t1. K',y2)d.C >.2. d.t12+,.d, )&t1+u51 't C..mC t1. t't&. Ct'&& 2.m)',.d ', uC.. A((+2d',5 t+ T)('tuC (H'Ct+2')(: 2.3), t1. +ff'(. +f p2'.Ct1++d ', P)p1+C C),(tu)2y b.()m. 1.2.d't)2y ', t1. f)m'&'.C +f b+t1 K',y2)C (K',y2)d).) ),d T)m'2)C, but ', t1. t'm.C +f T)('tuC, +,&y t1. p2'.Ct +f t1. K',y2)C &',. >)C (+,Cu&t.d.

44

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

T1. +,&y A,+>, .p'52)p1'()& .v'd.,(. ut'&'C',5 t1. )CC+(')t'+, +f K',y2)C ', t1. R+m), p.2'+d 'C ), ',C(2'pt'+, d'C(+v.2.d )t t1. C),(tu)2y +f P)p1'), Ap12+d't. d)t',5 t+ t1. 2,d (.,tu2y AD (H+5)2t1 (t )&. 1888, 249, ,+ 101).

[0 .p.u5 )^')(; A.2. t1. +,&y ',d'v'du)&C ,)m.d )C A',y2)2(1. T1. >)y 1+> t1'C ‘),('.,t’ &+()& t't&. 'C ',(&ud.d ', ',C(2'pt'+, ',d'()t.d t1)t 't Ct'&& >)C ) p2.Ct'5'+uC +,. ),d 'mp+2t),t f+2 p.2C+,)& 'd.,t'ty. T1. d.t)'&.d Ctudy +f t1. O)t1 +f A&&.5'),(. t+ T'b.2'uC d+,. by C)y&) (2001, 6981) Cu55.Ct.d t1)t ) 1.2+ (u&t t+ K',y2)C .x'Ct.d ', t1. P)p1+C 2.5'+, du2',5 t1. R+m), p.2'+d. C)y&)’C ',t.2p2.t)t'+, +f t1. m+,um.,t >)C t1)t t1. ',C(2'pt'+, >)C d2)ft.d .x(&uC'v.&y by t1. ('ty +f P)p1+C ),d t1)t t1. p+CC.CC'v. )dj.(t'v. 1.m.t.2+C 'd.,t'f'.C t1. d.'t'.C )C &+()& ),d Cp.('f'( t+ t1. P)p1+C 2.5'+,. I, t1)t (+,t.xt, ) p)2t'(u&)2 ',t.2.Ct +f t1. C)y&) Ctudy 'C t1. 'd.,t'ty +f Ap+&&+. I,Ct.)d +f Ap+&&+ K.2y,.'), ) ,.> 2.)d',5 +f t1. .p't1.t +f Ap+&&+ )C K.[v]up'+TT|v 'C Cu55.Ct.d. I, t1'C p+',t +f v'.>, K',y2)C, ) f+u,d.2 +f P)p1'), C),(tu)2y, >)C Cy,(2.t'?.d >'t1 t1. m)', Cyp2'+t. m)&. 5+d Ap+&&+ ),d >+2C1'pp.d ', t1. P)p1+C 2.5'+, )C ) ‘d+ub&. 1.2+’. Su(1 ), ',t.2p2.t)t'+, 'C v.2y )tt2)(t'v. b.()uC. ),('.,t &'t.2)tu2. +ft., p&)(.d K',y2)C )&+,5C'd. Ap+&&+ ),d (+,f'2mC t1. ‘d+ub&.’ (d.'ty >'t1 1.2+'( .p't1.t) (u&t +f A2')d,.-Ap12+d't. (C.. p. 51) ', t1. Cyp2'+t. (+,t.xt t++. It C..mC, 1+>.v.2, t1)t C)y&)’C p2+p+C't'+, 2.m)',C +,&y ) Cp.(u&)t'+, >'t1+ut ),y )2(1).+&+5'()& p2++f. AC Fuj'' (2013, 80) ),d +t1.2C u,d.2&',., Ap12+d't. AA2)'), K+2., Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C, ),d t1. D'+CA+u2+', )&& )2. d.'t'.C t1)t >.2. ,+t Cp.('f'( t+ P)p1+C ),d 1)v. b.., v.,.2)t.d )(2+CC t1. 'C&),d. T1. 'd.,t'f'()t'+, +f t12.. f+u,d.2C +f t1. P)p1+C: K',5 A.2')C, K',y2)C, ),d A5)p.,+2 d.m+,Ct2)t. t1. f&.x'b'&'ty ', C1)p',5 t1. myt1+&+5y +f t1. p+&'C ),d C),(tu)2y (HuCC.', 2014, 196). Du2',5 t1. R+m), p.2'+d, 't 'C t1. myt1+&+5y +f K',y2)C ),d 1'C d.C(.,d),tC t1)t 'C v'C'b&. ', ) (u&t'( (+,t.xt. T1. p2.C.,(. +f K',y2)C )m+,5 t1. f+u,d)t'+, 2't.C +f P)p1+C (+u&d 1)v. 1'51&'51t.d t1. .)Ct.2, )CC+(')t'+,C +f t1. C),(tu)2y. T1. 2+&. +f 1.2+, 1+>.v.2, >)C 2.du(.d C+&.&y t+ t1. t2)d't'+,)& .p+,ym+uC +f t1. &+()& p2'.Ct (+&&.5'um ),d >'t1+ut ),y d+ubt 1)d &'tt&. 'mp)(t +, t1. 2.&'5'+uC &),dC()p. +f t1. 2.5'+,.

S)&)m'C

S)&)m'C >)C ) f+u,d)t'+, +f t1. G2..A 1.2+ T.uA.2 ((f. IC+(2)t.C, Ev)5+2)C: 18; H+2)(y, C)2m: 1.7.21-29; P)uC),')C, H.&&)d+C P.2'.5.C'C: 8.15.5-7). S'm'&)2 t+ t1. 1.2+ K',y2)C +f P)&)'p)p1+C, t1. f'5u2. +f T.uA.2 >)C 'mp+2t),t t+ t1. A',5C +f S)&)m'C. T+ &.5't'm)t. t1.'2 p+>.2 ),d Ct)tuC, t1.y (&)'m.d t1.'2 d.C(.,t f2+m T.uA.2 ((f. A,t+,',uC L'b.2)&'C,

45

RELIGION

T)b'( 1. G.,.)&+5y +f K',y2)C. B'+, 1.9192

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A2A.+p1+,: 39.1-6; B.,,.t 1980, 472). H+>.v.2, ', t1. R+m), p.2'+d, 't )pp.)2C t1)t t1. myt1C +f T.uA.2 >.2. ,+t 2.&.v),t ', ),y C'5,'f'(),t >)y ),d d'd ,+t C1)p. t1. 2.&'5'+uC &),dC()p. +f t1. ('ty. L't.2)2y ),d myt1+&+5'()& 2.f.2.,(.C t+ AA)m)C, Am)t1+uC, G+&5+C Cu55.Ct t1. p+CC'b'&'ty t1)t t1.y >.2. >+2C1'pp.d ', t1.'2 2.Cp.(t'v. ('t'.C. T1.2. 'C ,+, 1+>.v.2, .v'd.,(. f+2 (u&tC +f t1.C. .p+,ym+uC 1.2+.C +f ),y +f Cyp2'+t. p+&'C (B.,,.t 1980,269). K+u2'+,

T1. f+u,d)t'+, +f K+u2'+, 'C 2.(+2d.d ', ) v)2'.ty +f C+u2(.C, d)t',5 f2+m t1. 5t1 (.,tu2y BC t+ t1. 5t1 (.,tu2y AD (H.2+d+tuC, H'Ct+2').: 5.113.1; St2)b+, G.+52)p1'(): 14.6.3, St.p1),uC By?),t'uC, Et1,'(): 380. 4-6). T1. ),('.,t >2't.2C (&)'m t1)t t1. ('ty >)C

46

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

) f+u,d)t'+,/(+&+,y +f t1. A25'v.C (f+2 H.2+d+tuC (f. L)v.&&. 1984). T1. .p'52)p1'()& .v'd.,(. p+',tC t+ 1.2+ P.2C.uC, ) C+, +f Z.uC ),d D),)., t1. d)u51t.2 +f A(2'C'uC, A',5 +f A25+C, )C t1. f+u,d.2 +f t1. ('ty. I,C(2'pt'+,C d'C(+v.2.d ', K+u2'+, (M'tf+2d 1971, 60-62; 128-129 = I. K+u2'+,, ,+C. 25, 65, 66) C'5,)& t1. >+2C1'p +f P.2C.uC, P.2C.ut)C m)',&y ', t1. p2(-R+m), p.2'+d. A((+2d',5 t+ M'tf+2d (1971, 128) t1.2. muCt 1)v. b.., ) t.m.,+C d.d'()t.d t+ t1. 1.2+, m+Ct p2+b)b&y C'tu)t.d up+, t1. A(2+p+&'C. T1'C t.m.,+C C..mC t+ 1)v. .x'Ct.d ', &)t. C&)CC'()&/.)2&y H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d. W't1 p)CC',5 t'm., t1. (u&t +f P.2C.uC >)C Ct'f&.d by t1. >+2C1'p +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C ),d d'd ,+t Cu2v'v. ',t+ t1. R+m), p.2'+d. H+>.v.2, B)5,)&& ),d D2.>-B.)2 (1973, 219), ', t1.'2 (+mm.,t)2y +, T1. I,C(2'pt'+,C +f K+u2'+,, ()&& ',t+ qu.Ct'+, t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( d)t',5 +f ',C(2'pt'+,C ,+C. 65 ),d 66 ),d >1.t1.2 t1. C),(tu)2y +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C >+u&d 1)v. Ct'f&.d t1. >+2C1'p +f 1.2+. It C..mC t1)t ', t1. R+m), p.2'+d, K+u2'+, Ct'&& (+,t',u.d t+ Cty&. 'tC.&f )C ) ('ty +f P.2C.uC. A f2)5m.,t)2y m)2b&. t)b&.t, d'C(+v.2.d )t t1. C),(tu)2y +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C (M'tf+2d 1971,195-199 = 1. K+u2'+, ,+. 104) d)t.d t+ 130/131 AD, ),d C.t up by ) R+m), +ff'(')&, m)2AC ) &+()& 2.Cp+,C. t+ t1. d.)t1 +f A,t',++C, &+v.2 +f t1. Emp.2+2 H)d2'),. T1. ',C(2'pt'+, 2.(+2dC t1. ',t2+du(t'+, +f ) f.Ct'v)& f+2 A,t',++C ',t+ t1. Cyp2'+t ()&.,d)2. I, &',. t1'2t..,, >. (), f',d P.2C.uC’ ,)m.. T1)t f2)5m.,t (), b. 2.)d )C t1. 2.f.2.,(. t+ t1. f+u,d)t'+, +f K+u2'+, ('ty >1'(1 Cp2u,5 f2+m t1. b&++d +f P.2C.uC (b o O+p(+v'K+v )tp) b o Ep+E(+5 +t). A((+2d',5 t+ t1. )b+v.-m.,t'+,.d ',C(2'pt'+,, 't (+u&d b. )25u.d t1)t ,+t +,&y t1. 2.f.2.,(. t+ P.2C.uC but )&C+ t1. (+mp+C't'+, +f t1'C 1ym, ', t1. D+2'( d')&.(t 1'51&'51t.d K+u2'+,’C A25'v. f+u,d)t'+,. O, t1. 1+,+2'f'( C&)b +f m)2b&. d'C(+v.2.d ', C),(tu)2y +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C (M'tf+2d 1971, 165-167 = I. K+u2'+, ,+. 89), >. (), 2.)d:

OT&X&K+XdV pE&OKOV |1E Tt+Xtq Cp)fj+5 )y)Xp) K+'p)v+v )yvC')5 +22|+)TO ,)p’ b e n ie h e i

T2),C&)t'+,: T1. ('ty +f P.2C.uC C.t up m., Pub&'(+&) P2'C(uC, ) Ct)tu. t1. &.)d.2 +f 1+&',.CC, ', t1. t.m.,+C. T1'C 1+,+2'f'( C&)b >)C p+CC'b&y f'x.d +,t+ ) p.d.Ct)& b.)2',5 t1. Ct)tu. +f Pub&'(+&) P2'C(uC, p+CC'b&y ) R+m), p2+(+,Cu& +2 )dm','Ct2)t'v. +ff'(')&. A&t1+u51 t1. d)t',5 +f t1. m+,um.,t 'C ,+t f'x.d, 't >)C m+Ct p2+b)b&y .2.(t.d )t t1. .,d +f t1. 32d (.,tu2y AD )C t1. f.)tu2.C +f t1. t.xt 2.,d.2 't typ'()& +f t1. S.(+,d S+p1'Ct'( m+v.m.,t (HuCC.', 2014, 212). AC ', t1. .)2&'.2 ',C(2'pt'+,C, K+u2'+, 'C Ct'&& ,)m.d )C ) ('ty +f P.2C.uC. N.'t1.2 )2(1).+&+5'()& ,+2 &'t.2)2y C+u2(.C &',A P.2C.uC >'t1 K+u2'+, +2 )tt.Ct t+ 1'C >+2C1'p ', t1. p+&'C. T1'C C..mC t+ Cu55.Ct t1)t t1. (+,,.(t'+, b.t>.., t1. d.m'5+d ),d t1. ('ty >)C +,&y .xp2.CC.d .p'52)p1'()&&y. I, ', t1. G2.(+ R+m), >+2&d, 't >)C ,+t u,(+mm+, f+2 ('t'.C t+ (&)'m ) &',A >'t1 ) 5+d +2 1.2+ t+ .,1),(. t1.'2 Ct)tuC ),d t+ u,d.2&',. t1.'2 G2..A 'd.,t'ty.

RELIGION

47

From Oriental god to a Greek hero

H.2)A&.C T1. 2++tC +f t1. (u&t +f H.2)A&.C ', Cyp2uC )2. +bC(u2.. M),y +f t1. &+()& (u&tC )2. p2+b)b&y H.&&.,'?.d v.2C'+,C +f P1+.,'('), M.&q)2t >+2C1'p. M.&q)2t >)C ), 'mp+2t),t P1+.,'('), 5+d ),d p)t2+, +f t1. ('ty +f Ty2.. H. >)C .Cp.(')&&y >+2C1'pp.d )t T1)2C+, ),d K't'+, (C.. p. 36). AC .)2&y )C du2',5 t1. Cyp2+-C&)CC'()& p.2'+d, t1. 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C +f H.2)A&.C ', Cyp2'+t. )2t ),d (+',C f+&&+> t1. (&)CC'()& G2..A m+d.&C. F2+m t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d, t1'C >)y +f 2.p2.C.,t',5 +f H.2)A&.C b.5), t+ d+m',)t.. O,. +f t1. m+Ct 'mp+2t),t H.&&.,'Ct'( Ct)tu.C 2.p2.C.,t',5 H.2)(&.C >)C f+u,d ', G+&5+'-H)5'+C P1+t'+C () C't. >1.2. ) C.2'.C +f H.2)(&.C 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C >)C f+u,d (f. H.2m)2y ),d M.2t.,C 2014, 226) ),d 'C ,+> p2.C.,t.d ', t1. MuC(( du L+uv2. (()t. ,+. 112). T1. C(u&ptu2., d)t.d t+ t1. .,d +f t1. 4t1 (.,tu2y BC, f+&&+>C t1. t2)d't'+,)& 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, +f G2..A H.2)(&.C. H. 'C >.)2',5 ) &'+, CA', ),d 2)'C',5 1'C &.ft )2m t+ 1+&d ) (&ub )b+v. 1'C 1.)d. T1. .xp2.CC'+, +, 1'C f)(. >'t1 m+ut1 1)&f-+p., >'t1 ) f)',t Cm'&. ),d &)25. .y.C >'t1 d..p (+m.2C f+&&+>C ) m.&),(1+&y m+d.& (1)2)(t.2'Ct'( f+2 t1. b.5',,',5 +f H.&&.,'Ct'( C(u&ptu2.. A, ',t.2.Ct',5 f.)tu2. +f H.2)A&.C’ (u&t ', Cyp2uC 'C t1. (&+C. (+,,.(t'+, t1.2. b.t>.., t1. 1.2+ ),d Ap+&&+. T1'C 'C ), )Cp.(t +f G2..A 2.&'5'+uC t1+u51t >.&&-2++t.d ', myt1 ),d u,d.2&',.d by &+()& t2)d't'+,. T1.2. )2. C.v.2)& Ap+&&+ C),(tu)2'.C ', Cyp2uC >1.2. H.2)A&.C v+t'v.C >.2. f+u,d. T1'C 1)b't 'C .Cp.(')&&y >.&&-d+(um.,t.d ', t1. C),(tu)2y +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C ', K+u2'+, >1.2., u,t'& t1. 1Ct (.,tu2y BC, C+m. +f t1. v+t'v. f'5u2',.C d.d'()t.d t+ Ap+&&+ >.2. m)d. ', m+u&dC b)C.d +, t1. H.2)A&.C typ. (Y+u,5 ),d Y+u,5 1955). R.p2.C.,t)t'+,C +f H.2)A&.C (+,t',u. >.&& ',t+ H.&&.,'Ct'( ),d t1., R+m), p.2'­ +dC but 1'C +2'5',)& 'mp+2t),(. )C ) (+u,­ t.2p)2t +f Ap+&&+ d.(&',.d. It 'C d'ff'(u&t t+ p+',t +ut ),y H.2)A&.C’ Ct)tu.tt./Ct)tu. d)t.d t+ t1. R+m), p.2'+d f+u,d ', ) C),(­ tu)2y +2 (u&t'( (+,t.xt. T1. 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C +f H.2)A&.C )2( A,+>, m)',&y f2+m &'tt&. +bj.(tC Cu(1 )C 5.mC (K)2)5.+251'C 1998, F'5u2. 20. A, +&'v. &)mp >'t1 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, 166) ),d +&'v. &)mpC. F+2 ',Ct),(., f2+m +f H.2)A&.C. P1+t+ b)C.d +, ()t)&+5u. +f t1. 32d (.,tu2y AD, &+()& &)mp m)A.2C (+p­ M.d(&1)vCmuC((t MuC.um ', St+(A1+&m '.d ) Cubj.(t A,+>, f2+m ) C+2',t1'), 2.p­ ()t)&+5u. ,umb.2 3913784. 2.C.,t)t'+, +f H.2)A&.C f.t(1',5 K.2b.2+C

48

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

f2+m H)d.C. O,. .x)mp&. +f t1'C t1.m. 'C p2.C.2v.d ', t1. M.d.&1)vCmuC..t MuC.um ', St+(A1+&m {Figure 20). T1. Ct)tu)2y 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C +f H.2)A&.C )2( ,+t 2'(1. Am+,5 t1.m, ) Ct)tu. f2+m 5ym,)C'um +f S)&)m'C C1+u&d b. m.,t'+,.d. It 2.p2.C.,tC t1. C+()&&.d F)2,.C. typ. >'t1 t1. t+2C+ &.),',5 &.ft t+>)2d ), u,p2.C.2v.d Cupp+2t. T1'C Ct)tu. >)C f+u,d t+5.t1.2 >'t1 +t1.2C ', t1. ()Ct >',5 >1'(1 >.2. fu&&y .qu'pp.d du2',5 t1. 2.'5, +f T2)j), (K)2)5.+251'C 1969, 185). Ot1.2C Ct)tu)2y 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, +f H.2)(&.C >.2. f+u,d ', t1. Ct+2)5. 2++m +f V'&&) +f T1.C. ', N.) P)p1+C. T1. b)2b.d Ct),d',5 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, +f ) 1.2+ (d)t.d t+ t1. 2,d (.,tu2y AD) (+u&d 1)v. b.., ) p)2t +f ) &)25. 52+up (D)C?.>CA' 1968, 53 p&.XI.5). A,+t1.2 Ct)tu. (d)t.d t+ t1. 4t1 (.,tu2y AD) 2.p­ 2.C.,tC t1. 1.2+ ', ) d2u,A., Ct)t.. S.v.2)& E2+t.C Cu22+u,d 1'm 2.)dy t+ Ct.)& 1'C (&ub. F',)&&y, ) Cm)&& m)2b&. Ct)tu. f+u,d ', C+m. d.b2'C ,.xt t+ t1. S)&)m','), t1.)t2. 2.p­ 2.C.,tC ) y+u,5 H.2)A&.C A'&&',5 t1. C,)A.C (K)2)5.+251'C 1998, 169). AC m+Ct Ct)tu.C 1)v. b.., f+u,d ', ) C.(+,d)2y p&)(. >'t1 ,+ ',C(2'pt'+,C, ,+ Cp)t')& ),)&yC'C (), b. m)d.. It C..mC, 1+>.v.2, t1)t )&& A,+>, 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C 1)d ) m+Ct&y d.(+2)t'v. C'5,'f­ '(),(.. T1. H.2)A&.C myt1 >)C ), ',.x1)uCt'b&. C+u2(. +f ',Cp'2)t'+,. R.(.,t&y (', Ju&y 2016) ', L)2,)(), ) m+C)'( d)t.d t+ t1. 2,d (.,tu2y AD >)C f+u,d. A((+2d',5 t+ t1. f'2Ct p2.CC ,.>C ((f. f+2 .x)mp&. >>>..A)t1'm(2','.(+m), t1)t m+C)'( d.p'(tC t1. L)b+u2C +f H.2)A&.C. ItC d'C(+v.2y C1+>C ,+t +,&y t1)t ),('.,t K't'+,, p&)y.d ) C'5,'f'(),t 2+&. ', t1. .Ct)b&'C1m.,t +f R+m), Cyp2'+t. (u&tu2. but )&C+ u,d.2&',.C t1)t H.2)A&.C 2.m)',.d ) v'v'd .&.m.,t +f t1)t (u&tu2.. Du2',5 t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d ', Cyp2uC, )C ', t1. +t1.2 p)2tC +f .mp'2., H.2)A&.C t+5.t1.2 >'t1 H.2m.C b.5), t+ b. >+2C1'pp.d )C 5+dC +f t1. 5ym,)C'um. D.d'()t'+,C t+ b+t1 +f t1.m d)t.d t+ t1. R+m), p.2'+d )2. A,+>,, f+2 .x)mp&., f2+m 5ym,)C'um )t S)&)m'C. At L)p.t1+C, )t &.)Ct du2',5 t1. p.2'+d +f T'b.2'uC, t1.2. >)C ) p2'.Ct +f 5ym,)C'um 5+d. T1. f+2mu&) 1.2.uC t+, ., 5ym,)C'+' t1.+, (+u&d b. 'd.,t'f'.d >'t1 H.2m.C ),d H.2)A&.C. (Fuj'' 2013, 27-28). T1.C. (+,,.(t'+, b.t>.., 1.2+ ),d t1. ,.>, f2+m t1. Cyp2'+t. p+',t +f v'.>, Cp+2t, ',t.&&.(tu)&, ),d &.'Cu2. ',Ct'tut'+,—t1. 5ym,)C'um 'C p)2t'(u&)2&y 'mp+2t),t t+ t1. 2.&'5'+uC 'm)5. +f R+m), Cyp2uC. It ',d'()t.C 1+> p+&yv+()& ),d f&.x'b&. t1. 'm)5. +f t1. 5+d-1.2+ H.2)A&.C >)C. Ad+,'C T1. myt1 +f Ad+,'C 1)d ), +bv'+uC&y P1+.,'('), +2'5',. H. >)C (+,C'Ct.,t&y p2.C.,t.d )C ), +2'.,t)& d'v','ty ),d t1. P1+.,'('), ('ty +f Byb&+C >)C (+,C.(2)t.d t+ 1'm. It 'C p+CC'b&. t1)t t1. (u&t +f Ad+,'C >)C ',t2+du(.d t+ Cyp2uC du2',5 t1. t'm. >1., t1. P1+.,'('),C 1)d ) Ct2+,5 ',f&u.,(. +, t1. 'C&),d. T1. Ad+,'C myt1 b.()m. +,. +f t1. f)v+2't. t1.m.C )m+,5 t1. G2..A >2't.2C >1+ (+,,.(t.d t1. +2'.,t)& 5+d >'t1 Cyp2'), Ap12+d't.-Kyp2'C ((f. D'+5(,'),uC, C+2puC P)2+.m'+52)p1+2um G2)((+2um I: 178, C&.m.,C +f A&.x),d2'), P2+t2.pt'(uC: 2.29) I, G2.(+-R+m), myt1+&+5y, Ad+,'C >)C t1. C+, +f K',y2)C, A',5 +fCyp2uC, >1+ 1)d b.., C.du(.d by 1'C d)u51t.2 My221) (+2 Smy2,)). Cu2C.d by 1.2 f)t1.2 f+2 C.du(',5 1'm, C1. f&.d t+ Sy2') >1.2. C1. >)C t2),Cf+2m.d ',t+ ) my22)1 t2.., >1'(1 t1., 5)v. b'2t1 t+ ) b+y. R)'C.d by ,ymp1C, 1),dC+m. y+u,5 Ad+,'C >)C t)A., by Ap12+d't. )C 1.2 &+v.2. H+>.v.2, A2.C—t1. f'2Ct &+v.2 +f Ap12+d't.—C++, d'C(+v.2.d t1'C )ff)'2. W1'&. Ad+,'C >)C +, ) b'5 5)m. 1u,t t1. 5+d +f >)2 t2),Cf+2m.d

RELIGION

49

',t+ ) b+)2 ),d A'&&.d t1. b+y. Ap12+d't. C.)2(1.d f+2 1'C b+dy ),d f+u,d 't ', t1. C),(tu)2y +f Ap+&&+, E2't1'+C ', Cyp2uC (P1+t'+C, B'b&'+t1.(): 190.152b). T1. m+u2,',5 Ap12+d't. p.2Cu)d.d Z.uC t+ p.2m't Ad+,'C t+ )((+mp),y P.2C.p1+,. du2',5 1.2 1)&f y.)2 +, .)2t1 ),d 1)&f ', t1. u,d.2>+2&d. S1. )&C+ +2d.2.d ) y.)2&y f.Ct'v)& ', 1'C m.m+2y. T1. Cyp2'+t. v.2C'+, +f t1. b'2t1 +f Ad+,'C f2+m t1. ',(.Ctu+uC &+v. +f Smy2,) f+2 1.2 f)t1.2 K',y2)C 'C p2.C.,t ', t1. G2..A t.xtC f2+m t1. C&)CC'()& p.2'+d. A((+2d',5 t+ P1+t'uC (C.v. Ad+,'+C) )&&uC'+,C t+ Ad+,'C >.2. f+u,d ', t1. (+m.d'.C +f P1(2((2)t(C, P&)t+, C2)t',uC, A2'Ct+p1),.C ),d +t1.2C. T1. myt1 >)C )&C+ ) Cubj.(t +f ) p&)y p.2f+2m.d ', t1. F'5u2. 21. A, +',+(1+( f2+m Am)t1+uC. R+m), t'm.C (K)2)5.+251'C 2005, 25). P1+t+ b)C.d +, H(2m)2y 2005,48 f'5. 6. A((+2d',5 t+ t1. myt1, Ad+,'C >)C t1. &+v.2 +f t1. 52.)t 5+dd.CC Ap12+d't., C+ 1. >)C uCu)&&y >+2C1'pp.d >'t1', 1.2 t.m.,+'. I, 1'C t.xt D. d.) Sy2') (6), Lu('), d.C(2'b.d t1. )d+,)' +f Byb&+C )C f+&&+>C, 7 saw too at Byblos a large temple, sacred to the Byblian Aphrodite. This is the scene of the secret rites ofAdonis ’. T1.2. >)C t1., ) (+,Ct),t t.,d.,(y t+ &++A f+2 t.Ct'm+,'.C +f t1. Ad+,'C (u&t ', t1. m)', Ap12+d't. C),(tu)2'.C ', Cyp2uC. P)uC),')C (H.&&)d+C P.2'.5.C'C: 9. 41. 2-3) qu+t.d t1. Ct+2y +f ) ,.(A&.t p2.C.2v.d )t Am)t1+uC ', ), +&d C),(tu)2y (+,C.(2)t.d t+ Ap12+d't. ),d Ad+,'C. A&C+, St.p1),uC +f By?),t'um (Et1,'() C.v. Am)t1+uC) d.f',.d Am)t1+uC )C a very ancient city of Cyprus where Adonis-Osiris, a god of Egyptian origin adopted by the Cypriotes and Phoenicians was venerated. T1. .x()v)t'+,C +, t1. )(2+p+&'C +f Am)t1+uC 1)v. ,+t b2+u51t t+ &'51t ),y m)t.2')& (+,,.(t.d t+ m)&. (u&tC. St'&&, >. (), &',A t1. 1.2+ ),d t1. ('ty. Ex()v)t'+,C +f t1. ('Ct.2, )butt',5 t1. ,+2t1 >)&& +f t1. ('ty y'.&d.d ) b2+,?. +',+(1+. (Figure 21) >'t1 ) d.d'()t'+,, O,.C'A2)t.C C+, +f A(1)'+C m)d. t1. +ff.2',5 t+ H.&'+C Ad+,'C ', y.)2 40, +, t1. 7t1 +f t1. m+,t1 R+m)'(C (Aup.2t 2008, 349-70). A&t1+u51 t1. )CC+(')t'+, b.t>.., Ad+,'C ),d H.&'+C >)C A,+>, f2+m &'t.2)2y .v'd.,(. ((f. M)(2+b'uC, S)tu2,)&'): 1.21.11), t1'C >)C t1. f'2Ct )2(1).+&+5'()& m)t.2')& t+ p2+v'd. p2++f. Ad+,'C >)C ) 1.2+ >1+ )ft.2 1'C d.)t1 >)C C1)2.d b.t>.., t1. >+2&d +f d.)t1 ),d t1. (.&.Ct')& d+m)', +f H.&'+C—t1. Su,. T1. d+ub&. ,)m. H.&'+C Ad+,'C u,d.2&',.C 1'C du)& ,)tu2. ),d (), b. &',A.d >'t1 2't.C +f f.2t'&'ty C+ 'mp+2t),t ', t1. 2.&'5'+uC &),dC()p. +f Cyp2uC. A((+2d',5 t+ H.2m)2y (2015, 40), t1. m.,t'+,',5 +f ) Cp.('f'( d)t., t1. 7t1 +f Au5uCt ', 9 +2 18 AD (>1.t1.2 t1. (12+,+&+5'()& .2) b.5',C ', 31 +2 22 BC) 'C ,+t )(('d.,t)& ),d (+u&d b. .xp&)',.d by ) f.Ct'v)&, p.21)pC Ad+,)', (.&.b2)t.d +, t1)t d)y. T1. f',d',5 f2+m Am)t1+uC 'C ,+t t1. +,&y t.Ct'm+,y +f Ad+,'C (u&t +, t1. 'C&),d.

50

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

S'x A'&+m.t2.C f2+m P)&)'p)p1+C fu,(t'+,.d ) C),(tu)2y (+mp&.x &+()t.d +, t1. 1'&&t+p +f L',52', t+u D1'5(,' ', R),t'd' F+2.Ct. T1. d.t)'&.d Ctudy +f p+tt.2y ',d'()t.C t1. (+,t',u.d uC. +f t1. C't. )t &.)Ct f2+m t1. Cyp2+-A2(1)'( ),d &)t.2 t12+u51 t1. &)t. R+m), p.2'+d. Du2',5 t1. )2(1).+&+5'()& >+2AC, m),y f2)5m.,tC +f &'f.-C'?.d ),d +v.2 &'f.-C'?. t.22)(+tt) Ct)tu.C >.2. 2.(+v.2.d, )C >.&& )C m+2. t1), 200 Cyp2+-Cy&&)b'( ',C(2'pt'+,C (M'tf+2d ),d M)CC+,, 1983). T1. d.t)'&.d ),)&yC.C +f t1. m)t.2')& (u&tu2. ',d'()t. t1)t t1. C),(tu)2y b+)Ct.d ), 'mp+2t),t (u&t +f ) m)&. d.'ty >1+ >)C t1. (+,C+2t +f t1. 5+dd.CC Ap12+d't.. A &)25. ,)tu2)& ()v. f+u,d ,.xt t+ t1. C't. (+u&d b. t1. &+()t'+, +f +2)(u&)2 (.2.m+,'.C (B)?.2m+2. 2002, 184). M+2.+v.2, )C t1. )2.) +f t.m.,+C b+t1 (+,t)',C ),d 'C Cu22+u,d.d by t+mbC, 't 'C .v'd.,t t1)t t1. C)(2.d Cp)(. 'C Ct2+,5&y &',A.d >'t1 (+,,+t)t'+,C +f d.)t1 ),d 2.Cu22.(t'+,. U,f+2tu,)t.&y, ,+,. +f t1. ',C(2'pt'+,C A,+>, f2+m t1. C't. )2. )dd2.CC.d t+ ) p)t2+, +f t1. C),(tu)2y ),d +,&y +,. +f dub'+uC ',t.2p2.t)t'+, (M'tf+2d ),d M)CC+, 1983, ,+. 1) p+',tC t+ ) m)&. d.'ty. H+>.v.2, )((+2d',5 t+ .x()v)t+2 +f t1. C't. G.+25',) B)?.m+2., )2(1't.(t+,'( (+,,+t)t'+,C )2( Ct2+,5 .,+u51 t+ Cupp+2t 'd.,t'f'()t'+, >'t1 Ad+,'C. A,+t1.2 Cyp2'+t. ('ty &',A.d >'t1 Ad+,'C 'C Id)&'+, (Plate 12). A((+2d',5 t+ t1. myt1, ),('.,t Id)&'+, 'C ) p&)(. >1.2. Ad+,'C >)C A'&&.d by t1. j.)&+uC A2(C. I, 1992, t1. Exp.d't'+, +f U,'v.2C'ty +f A2'?+,) t.)m qu't. )(('d.,t)&&y 2.-d'C(+v.2y t1. Ct.pC +f t1. (+mp&.x t1)t f+2 120 y.)2C >)C &)b.&&.d )C ‘L),5’C T.mp&.’ (G)b.2 ),d M+2d., 1992, 21 -30). T1. Cu((.CC'v. .x()v)t'+, >+2AC ()22'.d +ut ', M+ut' t+u A2v'&' 2.v.)&.d ), .xt.,C'v. +utd++2 C),(tu)2y C't. f+u,d.d ', t1. &)t. G.+m.t2'( +2 .)2&y A2(1)'( p.2'+d. T1)t t.m.,+C >)C ', (+,t',u+uC uC. t12+u51+ut t1. R+m), p.2'+d (G)b.2 ),d D.v.2 1996, 99-110; 2008, 48). F2+m t1. v.2y b.5',,',5, t1. C),(tu)2y >)C d.d'()t.d t+ t1. W),)x—L+2d. A((+2d',5 t+ t1. d'2.(t+2 +f Id)&'+, .x()v)t'+,C P)m.&) G)b.2, W),)x ', Cyp2uC v.2y &'A.&y ()m. t+ b. ()&&.d Ad+,'C, p.21)pC ', t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d; (.2t)',&y by t1. R+m), .2) (G2)b.2 ),d M+2d., 1992; G)b.2 1995; G)b.2 ),d D.v.2 1996, 48; G)b.2 2008, 60) t1., t1. C),(tu)2y +f M+ut' t+u A2v'&' ', Id)&'+, )pp.)2C t+ 1)v. b.., t1. C),(tu)2y +f Ad+,'C. It muCt b. u,d.2&',.d, 1+>.v.2, t1)t Cu(1 ) Cu55.Ct'+, 1)C ,+t b.., u,.qu'v+()&&y (+,f'2m.d +2 >'d.&y )((.pt.d ((f. T)tt+,-B2+>, 2002, 245). B.C'd.C Am)t1+uC, R),t'd', ),d Id)&'+,, t1. ',C(2'pt'+,C ),d >2'tt., C+u2(.C t.&& uC )b+ut )t t>+ +t1.2 p+CC'b&. p&)(.C >1.2. Ad+,'C 1)d ) (u&t—K't'+,, ),d S)&)m'C. It 'C )&C+ Cu55.Ct.d t1)t du2',5 t1. R+m), p.2'+d ', S+&+'-C1+&)d.C, t1. (u&t +f IC'C ),d S.2)p'C m)y v.2y p+CC'b&y 1)v. (+.x'Ct.d >'t1 t1. (u&t +f Ap12+d't. ),d Ad+,'C C',(. b+t1 IC'C ),d Ap12+d't. &)m.,t t1. d.)t1 +f t1.'2 b.&+v.d (K)2)5.+251'C 2005, 70).

Other possible heroic cults D'+CA+u2+'

T1.2. )2. v.2y f.> 2.f.2.,(.C t+ t1. D'+CAu2+' ', t1. (u&t 2.&)t.d m)t.2')&C f2+m Cyp2uC. A((+2d',5 t+ B.,,.t (1980, 390), t1. fu,(t'+, +f t1.C. 1.2+.C >)C p.2f+2m.d ', Cyp2uC by +t1.2C f'5u2.C, ',(&ud',5 t1. Ap+&&+ ),d H.2)A&.C p)'2. It C..mC, 1+>.v.2, t1)t du2',5 t1. R+m), p.2'+d, t1. C'5,'f'(),(. +f 1.)v.,&y t>',C ',(2.)C.d. T1.y )2. p2.C.,t ', t1.

RELIGION

51

&'Ct +f t.Ct)m.,t)2y 5+dC +f t1. O)t1 +f &+y)&ty t+ T'b.2'uC, 2.p2.C.,t.d ', C(u&ptu2.C f2+m S+&+'-C1+&)d.C ),d m.,t'+,.d ', ) f.> ',C(2'pt'+,C. I,t.2 )&'), ) d.d'()t'+, f2+m S)&)m'C ,)m.d t1. C+,C +f D2u?uC G)'uC ),d Lu('uC )C t1. ,.> D'+CAu2+' (B.,,.t 1980, 390). P2+b)b&y t1. ',(2.)C. +f C'5,'f'(),(. +f (1t1+,'( .&.m.,tC v'C'b&. ', Cyp2'+t. (u&tC f2+m t1. 1Ct (.,tu2y AD +, t1. +,. 1),d, ),d t1. d.(2.)C. ', t1. C'5,'f'(),(. +f H.2)A&.C +, t1. +t1.2, +p.,.d ) Cp)(. du2',5 t1. R+m), p.2'+d f+2 (.2t)', m+t'fC ),d )2(1.typ.C (+,,.(t.d >'t1 D'+CAu2+'. T1.C.uC ),d A2')d,.

C't',5 P)'+, Am)t1+uC'), >2't.2, P&ut)2(1 ', 1'C L'f. +f T1.C.uC (20.2-4) d.C(2'b.d t1. &+()& v.2C'+, +f t1. myt1 +f A2')d,.. Aft.2 &.)v',5 C2.t., T1.C.uC (Plate 12) ),d A2')d,. >.2. ()u51t ', ) Ct+2m )t C.). T1.C.uC C.,t t1. p2.5,),t ),d C'(A 1.2+',. t+ t1. C1+2. >1'&. 1. t2'.d t+ C)v. 1'C C1'p. H+>.v.2, t1. >)v.C t++A 1'm f)2 +ff ',t+ t1. +p., C.). T1. ,)t'v. >+m., +f Am)t1+uC t++A ()2. +f A2')d,., t2y',5 t+ 1.&p 1.2 (+p. >'t1 1.2 &+,.&',.CC ),d >1., t1. )b),d+,.d 1.2+',. d'.d ', (1'&db'2t1, C1. >)C bu2'.d +, t1. 'C&),d. F',)&&y, T1.C.uC ()m. b)(A, 1.)2d t1. >1+&. C)d Ct+2y ),d d.('d.d t+ 5'v. C+m. m+,.y t+ m)A. ) C)(2'f'(. t+ 1'C b.&+v.d. T1. 1.2+',. 2.(.'v.d ) t+mb ', ) ,.)2by C)(2.d f+2.Ct, t>+ &'tt&. Ct)tu.tt.C >.2. C.t up ', 1.2 1+,+u2 ),d ) (u&t f+2m.d u,d.2 t1. ,)m. +f A2')d,.-Ap12+d't.. A t+mb 1.>, ',t+ t1. 2+(A ,+2t1 +f t1. Ap12+d't. t.mp&. ),d (&+C. t+ t1. )(2+p+&'C (&'ff ((f. Plate 2) 'C f2.qu.,t&y (+,,.(t.d >'t1 t1'C myt1. A Cm)&& p)t1 +, t1. p2.('C. ,+2t1-C+ut1 +2'.,t)t'+, &.)dC d+>, t+ ) ,)22+> d2+m+C ),d +v)& (1)mb.2. T1. m+Ct p2+b)b&., b)C.d +, 'tC p&),, t1. Ct2u(tu2. (), b. d)t.d t+ t1. &)t. B2+,?. A5./ .)2&y I2+, A5. p.2'+d. N+t1',5 >)C f+u,d ',C'd. t1. t+mb .x(.pt C+m. Cyp2+-A2(1)'( C1.2dC t1)t (),,+t b. )CC+(')t.d >'t1 ), ',1um)t'+,, but 2)t1.2 >'t1 ) 2.&'5'+uC 2'tu)& >1'(1 p+Ct-d)t.C t1. (+,Ct2u(t'+,’C p1)C.. A &)25. Ct+,. >'t1 ) (&uCt.2 +f 1+&&+>C f+u,d ,.xt t+ t1. d2+m+C—), .&.m.,t p+pu&)2 ', ) L.v),t',. ,.(2+p+&'C—',d'()t.d t1. +2'.,­ t)& (+,,.(t'+,C +f t1'C t+mb (F+u22'.2 ),d H.2m)2y 2006 16-21, 160-163). ItC .m',.,t p+C't'+,—t1. f2..-Ct),d',5 C.pu&(12. Ct2u(tu2. +, t1. t+p +f 1'&&, t1. 2.m+d.&&',5 >+2AC ()22'.d +ut )t t1. b.5',,',5 +f t1. A2(1)'( p.2'+d >1., Am)t1+uC'), C),(tu)2y >)C d.v.&+p.d, ),d t1. +2'.,t)& (+,,.(t'+,C—m)A. 't 1'51&y &'A.&y t1)t t1. Ct2u(tu2. >)C 2.&)t.d t+ t1. t+mb +f A2')d,.-Ap12+d't. but p2++f 'C &)(A',5 (Aup.2t 2000, 71). St'&& )((+2d',5 t+ P)'+,’C t.Ct'm+,y, t1. C.(+,d d)y +f t1. m+,t1 +f G+2p)'+C >)C d.d'()t.d t+ t1. 1.2+',.. O, t1)t d)y, y+u,5 m., C1+u&d &'. ', b.d ),d m'm'( ) >+m),’C &)b+u2 p)',C. T1'C (.2.m+,y 'C )&C+ ,+t.d .&C.>1.2. ', 2.&)t'+, t+ ) f.2t'&'ty (u&t. U,f+2tu,)t.&y, ,+ )2(1).+&+5'()& .v'd.,(. (+,f'2mC t1'C p2)(t'(..

Local deities

Opaon Melanthios T>.&v. A'&+m.t.2C ,+2t1 +f t1. S),(tu)2y +f Ap12+d't. P)p1') )t P)&)'p)p1+C, ', Am)25.tt', ) C),(tu)2y +f ) m)&. 2u2)& d.'ty 'C C'tu)t.d (M)CC+, 1994). Ab+ut t>.,ty ',C(2'pt'+,C

52

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

1)v. b.., d'C(+v.2.d )t t1. C),(tu)2y >1'(1 )tt.Ct t+ t1. )(t'v'ty +f t1. >+2C1'p +f t1. 5+d A,+>, )C Op)+, M(&),t1'+C (C)y&) 2018, 480-95 = 1. P)p1+C ,+C. 312-336). M),y ',t.2p2.t)t'+,C f+2 t1. m.),',5 +f t1. ,)m. Op)+, M(&),t1'+C 1)v. b.., p2+p+C.d. It 'C t1+u51t t1)t 1'C 'd.,t'ty >)C (+,f&)t.d >'t1 t1. >+2C1'p +f Ap+&&+ ),d P),. Ep'52)p1'( .v'd.,(. Cupp+2t, )t &.)Ct ', C+m. ()C.C, t1. 'd.,t'f'()t'+, >'t1 Ap+&&+ (M'tf+2d 1946, 36-39; M)CC+, 1983, 144). N+ d+ubt Op)+, M.&),t1'+C .x1'b't.d t1. qu)&'t'.C +f ) t2)d't'+,)& Cyp2'+t. Ap+&&+. H. >)C ) 2u2)& d.'ty >1+ p2+t.(t.d C1.p1.2dC, 1u,tCm.,, ),d t1. ',1)b't),tC +f t1. (+u,t2yC'd.. H+>.v.2, ', (+,t2)Ct t+ Ap+&&+ >1+ >)C ) u,'v.2C)& 5+d, 1. >)C u,d+ubt.d&y &+()& ', (1)2)(t.2. Num.2+uC &'m.Ct+,. 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C +f Op)+, M.&),t1'+C 1)v. b.., f+u,d. M+Ct +f t1. 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C f)&& ',t+ t1. 2.)&m +f m',+2 C(u&ptu2. ),d f+&&+> C'mp&. '(+,+52)p1'()& m+d.&C. H. 'C d.p'(t.d )C ) y+ut1fu& m), >'t1 ) 1um), f)(. ),d t1. .)2C ),d 1+2,C +f ) f)u,. T1. Ct)tu.C Ct),d +, ) p&',t1. T1. f2+,t +f t1. 5+d’C b+dy 'C )&>)yC ,ud.; t1. 2.Ct 'C +(()C'+,)&&y (+v.2.d by ) 1.)vy (&+)A. I, +,. 1),d, 1. +ft., 1+&dC ) Cy2',x. S+m.t'm.C, p.21)pC u,d.2 t1. ',f&u.,(. +f P2')p+C '(+,+52)p1y, t1. 5+d 'C 2.p2.C.,t.d 't1yp1)&&'()&&y (K)2)5.+251'C 1998, 192193 - f+2 Cyp2'+t. 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C +f P2')p+C C.. K)2)5.+251'C ),d V.2m.u&. 1966, 21). A((+2d',5 t+ M'tf+2d (1946, 39), t1'C (u&t m)y 1)v. +ut&'v.d t1. S.v.2'), p.2'+d. It 'C C'5,'f'(),t t1)t t1. m+,um.,tC ),d +ff.2',5C C.t up t+ t1'C 5+d )t 1'C C),(tu)2y >.2. d+,. C+ by m., +,&y, >1'(1 Ct),dC ', 52.)t (+,t2)Ct t+ t1. ',C(2'pt'+,C d'C(+v.2.d )t t1. C),(tu)2y +f Ap12+d't. P)p1'). T1. )pp.)2),(. +f t>+ ',C(2'pt'+,C C.t up by ) qu).Ct+2 p2+v',(')., )t t1'C 2u2)& C),(tu)2y, t+ t1. 1.'2C +f Au5uCtuC 'C C'5,'f'(),t ),d C1+>C t1. 'mp+2t),(. +f &+()& (u&tC >'t1', t1. C)(2.d &),dC()p. +f Cyp2uC. B.C'd. t1. Am)25.tt' C),(tu)2y, Ct)tu.tt.C +f t1. 5+d P),/Op)+, M.&),t1'+C 1)v. b.., d'C(+v.2.d )(2+CC t1. 'C&),d ', L.fA+,'A+, t1. t.mp&. +f Ap12+d't. ', G+&5+' ),d ', t1. C),(tu)2y +f Ap+&&+ )t V+u,' (F&+u2.,t?+C 1989, K)2)5.+251'C 2000, 261).

Theos Hypsistos T1. .x'Ct.,(. +f T1.+ HypC'Ct+C, +2 C+m.t'm.C T1.+C HypC'Ct+C, ', t1. 2.&'5'+uC &),dC()p. +f t1. M.d't.22),.), 2.5'+, 1)C b.., d.m+,Ct2)t.d f2+m t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d t+ t1. 5t1 (.,tu2y AD. V)2'+uC Ctud'.C 1)v. C1+>, t1)t )&t1+u51 HypC'Ct+C >)C uC.d by t1. J.>C t+ d.,+t. Y)1v. (T2.b'&(+ 1991, 129-131), t1. )pp.)2),(. +f HypC'Ct+C )(2+CC t1. R+m), Emp'2. d+.C ,+t .xp&'('t&y C'5,)& t1. p2)(t'(. +2 ',f&u.,(. +f Jud)'Cm. T1. ,)m. +f HypC'Ct+C >)C )&C+ uC.d by ,+,-J.>C t+ d.C'5,)t. t1. +t1.2 5+d—Z.uC. P)u& T2.b'&(+’C Ctudy (1991, p)2t'(u&)2&y (1)pt.2 C'x) +f t1. uC. +f t1'C .p't1.t ', AC') M',+2 d.m+,Ct2)t.C t1)t t1. ,)m. ', f)(t (+u&d b. uC.d by ), ',d'v'du)& t+ d.,+t. t1. 5+d >1+m 1. p.2C+,)&&y v'.>.d )C t1. m+Ct 'mp+2t),t. It muCt b. u,d.2&',.d t1)t t1. (u&t 'C ,+t &'m't.d t+ t1. p+&.'C +,&y, ),d m+,um.,tC >'t1 1'C ,)m. )2. A,+>, f2+m t1. R+m), (1+2). M),y +f t1. ',C(2'pt'+,C ',v+A',5 T1.+C HypC'Ct+C >.2. p2)y.2C f+2 5++d 1)2v.CtC ),d d.d'()t'+,C f2+m t1+C. Cuff.2',5 f2+m '&&,.CC.C (M't(1.&& 1999, 125). I, Cyp2uC, t1. >+2C1'p +f T1.+C HypC'Ct+C 1)C b.., .p'52)p1'()&&y d.m+,Ct2)t.d m)',&y ', )2.) +f L'm)CC+& (..5. ', Am)t1+uC, A5'+C At1),)C'+C, P+&.m'd1')) ),d P)p1+C 2.5'+, b+t1 ', N.) P)p1+C p+&'C ),d ', t1. P)&)'p)p1+C C),(tu)2y. T1. .p'52)p1'(

RELIGION

53

.v'd.,(. f+2 t1. >+2C1'p +f T1.+C HypC'Ct+C >)C ,+t .x(&uC'v. t+ t1.C. t>+ 2.5'+,C—',C(2'pt'+,C d.d'()t.d t+ t1. 5+d 1)v. b.., )&C+ d'C(+v.2.d )t K+u2'+,, ),d K't'+, (M't(1.&& 1999, 144-145). H'C m)2b&. Ct)tu. 'C A,+>, f2+m K+u2'+, (Figure 22). A((+2d',5 t+ .p'52)p1'()& t.Ct'm+,y, ),+t1.2 Ct)tu. +f Hyp,+C >)C d.d'()t.d ', S)&)m'C t+ Ap12+d't. O2.'). B.,,.t (1980, 435) ,+t.d t1)t t1. (+,,.(t'+, b.t>.., t1. Hyp,+C ),d Ap12+d't. O2.') 'd.,t'f'.d )C Kyb.&. m)y 1)v. C+m.t1',5 t+ d+ >'t1 t1.'2 2+&. ', m.d'(',.. I, t1'C (+,t.xt, ) 52+up +f f+u2 ',C(2'pt'+,C f+u,d ', t1. 1890’C )t G+&5+' 'C .xt2.m.&y ',t.2.Ct',5. T1. d.d'()t'+,C t+ HypC'Ct+C >.2. p)2t +f ),)t+m'()& .x v+t) ', t1. f+2m +f f&)t p&)qu.C >'t1 CuCp.,C'+,C 1+&.C. O, t12.. p&)qu.C, t1. f.)tu2.C )2. t2)(.d by ), ',('C'+, ),d t1. ',C(2'pt'+, 'C p)',t.d. T1.C. p&)qu.C >.2. F'5u2. 22. M)2b&. t+2C+ +f T1.+C Hyp,+C f2+m d.d'()t.d by m.,. A f+u2t1 .x-v+t+ >'t1 K+u2'+,. Ep'C(+p' muC.um. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2. ) p)'2 +f b2.)CtC ', 2.&'.f >)C d.d'()t.d by ) >+m),. S+ f)2 t1. ),)t+m'()& .x v+t) ', Cyp2uC, )C t1+C. f+u,d )t G+&5+', >.2. f+u,d +,&y >'t1', t1. ',&),d C),(tu)2'.C ', ) 2u2)& (+,t.xt. T1. 2.)C+, f+2 t1'C 'C +bC(u2.. T1. f+2m ', >1'(1 t1. ,)m. +f T1.+C Hyp,+C 'C m.,t'+,.d ', )&& p&)qu.C p+',tC t1)t 1. >)C t2.)t.d )C ) &+()& 1.)&',5 5+d (M'(1).&'d.C 2014, 31-32).

TOWARDS MONOTHEISM

J.>C, m+Ct p2+b)b&y, >.2. C.tt&.d ', Cyp2uC f2+m t1. t'm. +f Pt+&.my P1'&)d.&p1uC, >1+ 2.'5,.d b.t>.., 309-246 BC (H'&& 1940, 241). D.Cp't. t1. &'m't.d m)t.2')& .v'd.,(. f+2 t1. p2.C.,(. +f J.>C ', Cyp2uC du2',5 t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d, J+C.p1uC F&)v'uC u,d.2&'­ ,.d (A,t'qu't)t.C &ud)'()., 13.284) t1)t t1.2. >)C ) f&+u2'C1',5 J.>'C1 (+mmu,'ty ', 1'C t'm.C. A((+2d',5 t+ T)&mud (Y+m): I V.5; (f. K)p.2) 2009, 33), t1. Cyp2'+t. J.>C >.2. +b&'5.d t+ Cupp&y >',. f+2 t1. J.2uC)&.m t.mp&.. M),y +f t1.m &'v.d ', S)&)m'C. W1., St B)2,)b)C ),d P)u& &),d.d )t Cyp2uC t1.y p2+(&)'m.d t1. >+2d +f G+d ', t1)t ('ty ', t1. Cy,)5+5u.C +f t1. J.>C (A(tC +f t1. Ap+Ct&.C: 13.5). S)&)m'C >)C d.Ct2+y.d du2',5 .mp'2.->'d. J.>'C1 2.v+&t ', AD 115/6. C)CC'uC D'+ (68.32.1 -3 (f. )&C+ EuC.b'uC, H'Ct+2'). E((&.C')Ct'(): 4.2) ,+t.d t1)t )C m),y )C 240,000 Cyp2'+tC d'.d du2',5 t1'C (+,f&'(t. T2)j), C.,t t1. L.5'+ VII C&)ud') t+ Cyp2uC t+ qu)C1 t1. 2.v+&t ),d >1., 't 2.Ct+2.d p.­ )(., t1. J.>C >.2. m+v.d +ut +f Cyp2uC ),d t1.2.)ft.2 ,+t )&&+>.d t+ C.t f++t +, 't u,d.2 p)', +f d.)t1. A&t1+u51 t1'C ),.(d+t. 'C t1+u51t t+ b. 52.)t&y .x)55.2)t.d, Ct'&& t1. t+t)& )bC.,(. +f J.>'C1 Cymb+&C ', Cyp2uC, m+2. p)2t'(u&)2&y ', t1. fu,.2)2y (+,t.xt, 'C >+2t1 m.,t'+,',5 ((f. M'tf+2d 1990, 2205). AC b+t1 .p'52)p1'()& ),d )2(1).+&+5'()& d)t) )2. C()2(., 't 'C d'ff'(u&t t+ 5)', ) fu&& ',C'51t ',t+ t1. J.>'C1 (+mmu,'t'.C +f R+m), Cyp2uC. Equ)&&y &'tt&. 'C A,+>, )b+ut t1. .m.25',5 C12'Ct'), (+mmu,'ty—>. (),,+t p+',t t+ >1.2. t1.y 2.C'd.d, t1.'2 'd.,t'ty ),d .xp.2'.,(. +f R+m),'ty. T1. d)t) t1)t >. 1)v. ',d'()t.C ) 2)t1.2 p.)(.fu& ),d 52)du)& d.v.&+pm.,t. Qu't. .)2&y +,, (1u2(1 Ct2u(tu2.C >.2. 2)'C.d ,.)2 t1. m)j+2 Cyp2'+t. C),(tu)2'.C, )&C+ t1+C. m.,t'+,.d by T)('tuC, >'t1 b+t1 P)p1+C ),d S)&)m'C 2.p2.C.,t.d by b'C1+pC )t C+u,('& +f Ep1.CuC ', 324. U,f+2tu­ ,)t.&y, .v'd.,(. +f t1. .)2&y C12'Ct'), (u&t 'C .xt2.m.&y f2)5m.,t)2y ),d f)&&C +utC'd. t1. f2)m.>+2A +f t1'C Ctudy.

CONCLUSIONS

F2+m t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d, t1. C)(2.d &),dC()p. +f Cyp2uC b.5), t+ b. C'5,'f'(),t&y 2.m+d.&&.d. It C..mC t1)t ', t1. p2+(.CC +f bu'&d',5 ) p),-Cyp2'+t. (u&tu2)& 'd.,t'ty, t1. ,umb.2 +f (u&t'( p&)(.C >)C ,+t'(.)b&y 2.du(.d. It >)C 2.p.)t.d&y d.m+,Ct2)t.d t1)t m),y I2+,A5. Cyp2uC C),(tu)2'.C C'5,)&&.d f2+,t'.2C b.t>.., )dj)(.,t p+&'t'()& u,'tC. B.C'd.C 1.&p',5 t+ d.f',. A',5d+m b+u,d)2'.C, t1.y )&C+ 2.p2.C.,t.d t1. 2u&',5 .&'t.’C )tt.mptC t+ .Ct)b&'C1 ) C.,C. +f t.22't+2')& 'd.,t'ty ),d &+y)&ty )m+,5 t1. &+()& ',1)b't),tC (Rupp 2000, 1098). Aft.2 t1. p.2'+d +f ('ty-A',5d+mC >'t1 .xt2)-u2b), C),(tu)2'.C (+,,.(t.d t+ t1.'2 b+u,d)2'.C, Cyp2uC >)C 2u&.d )C +,. +25),'Cm f2+m t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d. I, &',. >'t1 t1. p+&'t'()& ('2(umCt),(.C, t1.2. >)C ) (1),5. ', t1. 2.&'5'+uC &),dC()p.. B+u,d)2y C),(tu)2'.C )C ‘+ff'(')&’ (u&t p&)(.C &+Ct t1.'2 C'5,'f'(),(.. If t1.y >.2. ,+t )b),d+,.d, t1.y (1),5.d t1.'2 Ct)tuC ),d b.()m. 2u2)&—p2'm)2'&y uC.d by &+()&C ),d ',C'5,'f'(),t f+2 t1. >'d.2 (+mmu,'ty. T1'C p2+(.CC d'd ,+t Ct+p >'t1 t1. .,d +f t1. Pt+&.m)'( .2). M),y ',&),d C),(tu)2'.C, &'A. t1. C),(tu)2y +f P)'2 D.'t'.C ', Id)&'+,, >.2. )(t'v. u,t'& t1. 1Ct (.,tu2y AD +,&y. It muCt b. u,d.2&',.d, 1+>.v.2, t1)t v.2y +ft., t1. )v)'&)b&. m)t.2')& +2'5',)t.C f2+m 2.C.)2(1 (+,du(t.d ', t1. 19t1 (.,tu2y >1., &'tt&. )tt.,t'+, >)C f+(uC.d +, Ct2)t'52)p1'( C.qu.,(.C. AC m+Ct +f v+t)2y 5'ftC )2. d)t.d +, ) Cty&'Ct'( b)C'C, t1. (12+,+&+5'()& Cp), +f Cyp2'+t.C C),(tu)2'.C (), +,&y b. 2+u51&y ),)&yC.d. S+m.t'm.C t1. C),(tu)2y >)C ', uC. mu(1 &+,5.2 t1), p2.v'+uC&y b.&'.v.d. T1. 2.(.,t .x()v)t'+, >+2A Ct'&& (+,du(t.d ', Id)&'+, d.m+,Ct2)t.d t1)t ),+t1.2 C),(tu)2y d.d'()t.d t+ Ad+,'C ,+t +,&y >)C Ct'&& )(t'v. u,t'& t1. m'dd&. R+m), p.2'+d but )&C+ mu(1 +f t1. 2.bu'&d',5 >+2A >)C ()22'.d +ut du2',5 t1'C t'm.. A&C+, d.t)'&.d 2.C.)2(1 m)d. ', t1. 2.5'+, +f M.C+)2') P&)', (At1'.,+u A2(1).+&+5'()& P2+j.(t) ',d'()t.C t1)t t1.2. >)C ,+ Cudd., d.(2.)C. ', (u&t'( )(t'v'ty. A,+t1.2 'mp+2t),t f)(t 'C t1)t t1. p2+(.CC +f 2.du(',5 t1. ,umb.2 +f )(t'v. C),(tu)2'.C d'd ,+t 2.f&.(t ),y (1),5. ', t1. C.tt&.m.,t’C p)tt.2,C. A&t1+u51 't 'C t2u. t1)t t1. P)p1+C 2.5'+, >)C d.p+pu&)t.d, )C (+,f'2m.d by b+t1 )2(1).+&+5'()& >+2AC ),d &'t.2)2y .v'd.,(., t1)t p2+(.CC d'd ,+t .,(+mp)CC t1. >1+&. 'C&),d. P)2AC (1999, 119), >1+ ),)&yC.d bu2')& ),d C.tt&.m.,t p)tt.2,C ', H.&&.,'Ct'( ),d R+m), Cyp2uC, Cu55.Ct.d t1)t t1. Ctudy +f fu,.2)2y &),dC()p.C ',d'()t.d ) mu(1 m+2. .xt.,C'v. C.tt&.m.,t CyCt.m f+2 t1. ',&),d 2.5'+,C +f t1. 'C&),d t1), 1)d p2.v'+uC&y b.., b.&'.v.d. A&C+ ,.> 2.C.)2(1 (+,du(t.d by V)C'&'A' LyC),d2+u ),d At1+C A5)p'+u (2015) (+,f'2mC t1)t m+Ct +f t1. ,.(2+p+&.'C f2+m t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d >.2. Ct'&& ', uC. du2',5 R+m), t'm.C. M+2.+v.2, )((+2d',5 t+ t1. d)t) t1.y (+&&.(t.d, C.v.2)& ,.(2+p+&.'C, ',(&ud',5 t1+C. &+()t.d ',&),d (',(&ud',5 t1. m+u,t)',+uC 2.5'+, +f L'm)CC+& D'Ct2'(t), >.2. p2'm)2'&y ),d .,t'2.&y R+m),. T1. 2.du(.d ,umb.2 +f C),(tu)2'.C C..mC t+ f+&&+> t1. m)j+2 (1),5. ', C.tt&.m.,t p)tt.2,C >1'(1, )((+2d',5 t+ R)utm), (2000, 317), b.5), t+ d.(&',. )2+u,d t1. 2,d (.,tu2y AD.

58

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

T1. (+,t',u'ty ),d d'C(+,t',u'ty +f t1. ',&),d C),(tu)2'.C C1+u&d ,+t b. )tt2'but.d t+ m.(1),'CmC +f C+(')& m.m+2y ),d p+&'t'()& ,..dC. T1. (u&t'( )(t'v'ty >)C (.,t2.d p2'm)2y )2+u,d t1. (+)Ct)& ('t'.C. It C..mC t1)t ,+,. +f t1. ',&),d C),(tu)2'.C >.2. 2.bu'&t u,d.2 t1. 'mp.2')& p)t2+,)5.. T1.2. >.2. f+u2 m)', C),(tu)2'.C t1)t d.v.&+p.d C'5,'f'(),t&y du2',5 R+m), p.2'+d: S+&+'-C1+&)d(C ', t1. ,+2t1. S)&)m'C ', t1. .)Ct, P)&)'+p)p1+C, K+u2'+,, ),d Am)t1+uC ', t1. C+ut1. T1. d+m',)t'+, +f t1. C+ut1.2, p)2t +f t1. 'C&),d 'C ,+t ) (+',('d.,(.. It 2.f&.(tC t1. +25),'?)t'+, +f t1. t2)d',5 CyCt.m ),d, t1.2.f+2., t1. ',t.2.Ct +f t1. R+m), )dm','Ct2)t'+,. T1. )2(1't.(tu2. +f S+&+'-C1+&)d(C ),d P)&)'+p)p1+C f+&&+>.d t1. t2)d't'+,)& m+d.& +f ) Cyp2'+t. C),(tu)2y b)C.d +, +2'.,t)& )2(1't.(tu2. >'t1 ) &)25. (+u2t ),d &'tt&. (u&t'( bu'&d',5 d.f',.d )C ) p2'm. u,'t ', 'tC.&f C'tu)t.d ', ,)tu2)& Cu22+u,d',5C ),d m+2. +2 &.CC ',d.p.,d.,t +f ),y u2b), d.v.&+pm.,t (W2'51t 1992, 188). A&t1+u51 t1. S+&+'-C1+&)d.C C't. >)C d.v.&+p.d ', t1. Pt+&.m)'( ),d R+m), p.2'+d +,&y, 't (+,C'CtC +f &)25. Cqu)2. (+u2tC t1)t (+mmu,'()t.d >'t1 Cm)&& 2++mC t1)t f+2m.d t1. 1+&y-+f-1+&'(C. W't1 t1. p)CC)5. +f t'm., t1. bu'&d',5C ',(2.)C.d ', ,umb.2 ),d b.()m. m+2. m+,um.,t)& but ,.v.2 )(qu'2.d t1. f+2m +f ) G2..A-Cty&. t.mp&.. T1. C)m. p)tt.2, 'C v'C'b&. ', t1. C),(tu)2y +f Ap12+d't. ', P)&)'p)p1+C. AC ) d+m'('&. +f A+',+, Kyp2'+, ),d p),-M(d't.22),(), p'&52'm)5. (.,t2., t1. C),(tu)2y b+t1 f+2 &+()&C ),d 2+m), )dm','Ct2)t'+, p&)y.d t1. m+Ct 'mp+2t),t 2+&. ', C+(')& (+mmu,'()t'+,. AC Cu(1, 't >)C C'5,'f'(),t .xp),d.d. M),y )dd't'+,)& Ct2u(tu2.C >.2. bu'&t but t1. C)(2.d Cp)(')& )22),5.m.,t 2.m)',.d (&+C. t+ t1. t2)d't'+,)& Cyp2'+t t.m.,+C. A&C+, t1. (u&t Ct)tu. +f t1. 5+dd.CC 2.t)',.d t1. )2(1)'( ),'(+,'( C1)p. +f t1. b).ty& (W2'51t 1992, 188). T1. d.C(2'pt'+, +f t1. t2'p)2t'2( P)&)'p)p1+C C),(tu)2y +, t1. R+m), (+',C 'CCu.d by t1. A+',+, Kyp2'+, u,d.2&',.C t1. C'5,'f'(),(. +f t1.C. ‘Cyp2'+t.’ 2.&'5'+uC t2)d't'+,C up t+ t1. &)t. 'mp.2')& p.2'+d. T1. G2..A t.mp&. m+d.& >)C ',t2+du(.d t+ t1. )2(1't.(tu2. +f t1. C),(tu)2'.C +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C ', K+u2'+,, Ap12+d't. ', Am)t1+uC )(2+p+&'C, ),d Z.uC O&ymp')'+C ', S)&)m'C, p.21)pC du2',5 t1. &)t. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d. H+>.v.2, )C K. But(1.2 d.m+,Ct2)­ t.C (2010), t1. )pp.)2),(. +f Cu(1 ) t.mp&. C1+u&d ,+t b. (+,C'd.2.d )C ) 2uptu2. f2+m p)Ct t2)d't'+,. I,d..d, b.C'd. t1. (1),5. ', )pp.)2),(. +f t1. t.mp&. ),d t1. C'5,'f'(),t p1)C. +f 2.bu'&d',5 d+,. du2',5 .)2&y R+m), p.2'+d, t1. (1),5. ', t1. ',t.2,)& Cp)(. )22),5.m.,t +f t1. C),(tu)2'.C C..mC t+ 1)v. b.., m','m)&. U,f+2tu,)t.&y, >. d+ ,+t A,+> mu(1 )b+ut t1. m)', S)&)m','), C),(tu)2y >1'(1 'C Ct'&& m+Ct&y u,.)2t1.d. B+t1 ', t1. C),(tu)2y +f Ap12+d't. ', Am)t1+uC ),d Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C ', K+u2'+, t1. p&)(.C +f 'mp+2t),(. f+2 2.&'5'+uC p2+p+C.C—.&.m.,tC Cu(1 )C )2(1)'( )&t)2C, R+u,d Bu'&d',5 ', K+u2'+,, C+-()&&.d A2')d,. t+mb ', Am)t1+uC 2.m)',.d u,(1),5.d. T1. u,',t.22upt.d d.v.&+pm.,t (), b. +bC.2v.d ,+t +,&y ', t1. C)(2.d &),dC()p. but )&C+ ', 2.&'5'+uC p2)(t'(.. T1. 5+d p)t2+,C +f t1. m)', C),(tu)2'.C 2.m)',.d t1. C)m.: Ap12+d't. ', Am)t1+uC ),d P)&)'p)p1+C; Z.uC O&ymp'uC ', S)&)m'C. S+&+'-C1+&)d.C (+,t',u.d t1. (u&t +fAp12+d't., IC'C, >1'&. ', K+u2'+, t1. p)t2+, 5+d >)C Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C. AC ', p2.v'+uC p.2'+dC, t1. m+Ct 'mp+2t),t (&.m.,t +f Cyp2+t. b.&'.fC >)C Ap12+d't. Kyp2'C. H.2 2),A d'ff.2.d mu(1 f2+m ) (+,v.,t'+,)& 'm)5. +f t1. 5+dd.CC +f &+v. ),d b.)uty. S1. >)C ), ),('.,t p+>.2fu& d'v','ty ),d 1.2 (u&t >)C b)C.d +, f.2t'&'ty 2'tu)&C t1)t >.2. v.2y 'mp+2t),t f+2 Cyp2'+t. 2.&'5'+uC p2)(t'(.. T1. (u&t +f Ap12+d't. f&+u2'C1.d f'2Ct +f )&& ', t1. P)&)'p)p1+C C),(tu)2y t1)t, u,d.2 t1. p2+t.(t'+, +f t1. R+m),

CONCLUSIONS

59

.mp.2+2C, b.()m. ) p),-M(d't(22),(), p'&52'm)5. (.,t2.. It C..mC t1)t (u&t p2)(t'(.C ', +t1.2 Cyp2'+t. C),(tu)2'.C +f Ap12+d't. >.2. +f m',+2 'mp+2t),(.. Ev., t1. +&d ),d p2.Ct'5'+uC C),(tu)2y ', Am)t1+uC'), A(2+p+&'C C..mC t+ ,+t 1)v. b.., v.2y )(t'v. ),d )C )2(1).+&+5'()& m)t.2')& ',d'()t.C (+u&d 1)v. b.., )b),d+,.d )C .)2&y )C t1. 32d (.,tu2y AD. T1. 1'Ct+2y +f Ap+&&+ >)C C+m.1+> p)2)&&.& t+ t1)t +f Ap12+d't.. A&t1+u51 t1. '(+,+52)p1y +f v+t'v.C ),d (u&t Ct)tu.C d.p'(t',5 t1. 5+d f+&&+>',5 m)',&y (but ,+t .x(&uC'v.&y) G2..A m+d.&C, m),y .&.m.,tC +f (u&t'( p2)(t'(. >.2. m+2. 2++t.d ', t1. &+()& t2)d't'+,. T1. (&+C. 2.&)t'+, +f 5+d >'t1 t1. ,)tu2. ),d ),'m)&C 'C .Cp.(')&&y v'C'b&.. I, t1. m)', Ap+&&+ C),(tu)2y ', K+u2'+,, )C >.&& )C ', N.) P)p1+C, 1. 'C v.,.2)t.d u,d.2 t1. &+()& .p't1.t—Hy&)t.C. T1.2. >.2. )&C+ C.v.2)& Ap+&&+ C),(tu)2'.C ', t1. M.C+)2') p&)', ),d m+Ct +f t1.m 1)d ) 2u2)& f..&. T1. Ct),d)2d .x v+t) f+u,d t1.2. d.p'(t.d Ap+&&+ >'t1 ) >2.)t1 +f p&),tC t1)t p+CC.CC m.d'(',)& )tt2'but.C. T1'C A',d +f +ff.2',5C >.2. (.2t)',&y ',v+&v.d ', C+m. 2'tu)&C 1.&d f+2 t1. 2.5.,.2)t'+, +f t1. )52'(u&tu2. (y(&.. W't1+ut ),y d+ubt, Ap12+d't. ),d Ap+&&+ p&)y.d ) m)j+2 2+&. ', t1. 2.&'5'+uC &),dC()p. +f Cyp2uC. Du. t+ t1. Ct)t. +f t1. )2(1).+&+5'()& >+2AC ', S)&)m'C t1. 2),A +f t1. m)', 5+d +f t1. ('ty—Z.uC 'C ,+t >.&& 2.(+5,'C.d ),d +t1.2 O&ymp'), 5+dC )&t1+u51 v'C'b&. .Cp.(')&&y ', .p'52)p1'()& t.Ct'm+,'.C >.2. +f t1. m',+2 'mp+2t),(.. It C..mC t1)t Cyp2'+t. b.&'.fC >.2. m)',&y f+(uC.d +, t1. f.2t'&'ty p+>.2C +f t1. d.'ty. T1.2.f+2., 't 'C ,+t Cu2p2'C',5 t1)t t1. &+()& (u&tC +f &+()& 5+dC >.2. Ct'&& v'C'b&. ', t1. R+m), p.2'+d. T1. b.Ct .x)mp&. 'C t1. (u&t +f Op)+, M.&),t1'+C ', t1. C),(tu)2y &+()t.d ', A2m)5.tt'. T1. )pp.)2),(. +f t>+ ',C(2'pt'+,C C.t up by ) qu).Ct+2 p2+v',('). t+ t1. 1.'2C +f Au5uCtuC 'C C'5,'f'(),t ),d C1+>C t1. 'mp+2t),(. +f &+()& (u&tC >'t1', t1. C)(2.d &),dC()p. +f Cyp2uC. At f'2Ct 5&),(., 't C..mC t1)t )p)2t f2+m t1. 5+dC, t1. 1.2+.C >.2. ), 'mp+2t),t .&.m.,t +f Cyp2'+t. b.&'.fC. T1.2. 'C ), )bu,d),t myt1+&+5'()& m)t.2')& (+,(.2,',5 t1. f+u,d.2 1.2+.C +f Cyp2'+t. ('t'.C. F2+m &'t.2)2y .v'd.,(., t1. 1.2+ (u&t +f 1'Ct+2'()& O,.C'&'C ),d K'm+, 'C )&C+ A,+>,. U,f+2tu,)t.&y, t1. )2(1).+&+5'()& m)t.2')& d+.C ,+t ',d'()t. ),y Cp.('f'( (u&t'( p2)(t'(. (+,,.(t.d >'t1 t1.m. I, P)p1+C ),d S)&)m'C, t1. f+u,d)t'+, myt1C >.2. uC.d by &+()& A',5C t+ Ct2.,5t1., t1.'2 p+&'t'()& p+>.2. F2+m t1. Pt+&(m')( p.2'+d, t1.'2 'mp+2t),(. f+2 &+()& 'd.,t'fy m+Ct&y d.(&',.d. O,&y ', t1. R+m), p.2'+d d+ t1. ',C(2'pt'+,C f2+m K+u2'+, u,d.2&',. t1. (&+C. (+,,.(t'+, b.t>.., t1. p+&'C ),d 'tC f+u,d.2 P.2C.uC. It C..mC t1)t )m+,5 t1. d.m'5+dC 2.&)t.d t+ Cyp2uC, +,&y t1. p2.C.,(. +f H.2)A&.C ),d Ad+,'C 'C >.&& d.m+,Ct2)t.d ', 2.&'5'+uC-2.&)t.d m)t.2')&. H+>.v.2, ,.'t1.2 +f t1.m >)C ) (&)CC'()& G2..A 1.2+. Ad+,'C, ), +2'.,t)& 5+d ),d p)t2+, +f Byb&+C, ', t1. G2..A myt1C >)C ) C+, +f Ky2',)C ),d t1. b.&+v.d +f Ap12+d't.. AC 1'C Ct+2y 'C Ct2+,5&y &',A.d >'t1 Cyp2uC t1.2. 'C ) f2.qu.,t t.,d.,(y t+ &++A f+2 .&.m.,tC t1)t f't Ad+,'C ', (u&t'(-2.&)t.d m)t.2')&. H. >)C p2+p+C.d )C ) p)t2+, d.'ty +f t>+ C),(tu)2'.C, +,. ', Id)&'+, ),d ),+t1.2 ', R),t'd'. H+>.v.2, up t+ ,+> +,&y ) b2+,?. +',+(1+( f+u,d ', t1. ('Ct.2, ', Am)t1+uC (+,f'2m.d 1'C (u&t. T1. 2++tC +f t1. >+2C1'p +f H.2)A&.C ', Cyp2uC )2. +bC(u2.. M),y +f t1. &+()& (u&tC )2. p2+b)b&y H.&&.,'C.d v.2C'+,C +f p2)(t'(.C d.d'()t.d t+ P1+.,'('), M.&q)2t. A, ',t.2.Ct',5 f.)tu2. +f H.2)A&.C’ (u&t ', Cyp2uC 'C t1. (&+C. (+,,.(t'+, t1.2. b.t>.., t1. 1.2+ ),d Ap+&&+. T1.2. )2( C.v.2)& Ap+&&+ C),(tu)2'.C ', Cyp2uC >1.2. v+t)2y 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C +f

60

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

H.2)A&.C >.2. f+u,d. R.p2.C.,t)t'+,C +f H.2)A&.C (+,t',u. >.&& ',t+ H.&&.,'Ct'( ),d t1., R+m), p.2'+dC but 1'C +2'5',)& 'mp+2t),(. )C ) (+u,t.2p)2t +f Ap+&&+ d.(2.)C.d. T1. 'm)5.C +f t1. 1.2+ )2. v'C'b&. ', ) d+m.Ct'( (+,t.xt. H. 'C d.p'(t.d +, +bj.(tC +f .v.2yd)y uC. Cu(1 )C +&'v. &)mpC ),d +, m+C)'( 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C. W. A,+> )&C+ +f t1. Ct)tu)2y 2.p2.C.,t)t'+,C, but 't 'C d'ff'(u&t t+ p+',t t+ ),y d)t.d t+ R+m), p.2'+d H.2)A&.C’ Ct)tu.tt./Ct)tu. f+u,d ', ) C),(tu)2y +2 ', ) (u&t'( (+,t.xt. AC ) 1.2+'( (u&t >)C ,+t ), 'mp+2t),t .&.m.,t +f Cyp2'+t. 2.&'5'+uC p2)(t'(. b.f+2., ,.'t1.2 du2',5 t1. R+m), p.2'+d d'd t1. >+2C1'p +f 1.2+.C d'd +((u2 >'t1 t1. C)m. ',t.,C'ty )C ', t1. +t1.2C p)2tC +f t1. Emp'2.. It 'C t2u. t1)t m),y myt1'( Ct+2'.C )2. C.t +, t1. 'C&),d ),d t1. &'t.2)2y m)t.2')& )b+ut t1. 1.2+'( (u&t )&C+ du2',5 t1. R+m), p.2'+d 'C f)C(',)t',5, but )&& t1. )((+u,tC t1)t >. 1)v. >.2. >2'tt., f2+m t1. p+C't'+, +f ), +utC'd. +bC.2v.2. T1.y t.&& uC m+2. )b+ut 2+m),'t)C t1), )b+ut t1. &+()& 'd.,t'ty. L++A',5 +, t1. f2uCt2)t',5 &)(A +f 'tC .v'd.,(. ', )2(1).+&+5'()& m)t.2')&, 't C..mC t1)t )&t1+u51 (+,C'Ct.,t&y p2.C.,t ', ),('.,t &'t.2)tu2., t1. (u&t +f 1.2+.C >)C ,+t ) p)2t +f Cyp2'+t. 2.&'5'+, t2)d't'+,. S+m.1+> ', t1. +pp+C't'+, t+ t1. (u&t +f 1.2+.C, t1. (u&t +f 2+m), .mp.2+2C 'C v'C'b&.. AC ', t1. +t1.2 .)Ct.2, p2+v',(.C, t1. (u&t +f t1. .mp.2+2 >)C ',t2+du(.d t+ t1. C),(tu)2'.C +f t2)d't'+,)& d.'t'.C. T>+ ',C(2'pt'+,C f2+m Am)t1+uC )tt.Ct t+ ) C),(tu)2y +f Ap12+d't. ),d T'tuC. T1.2. >)C )&C+ ) (u&t +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C ),d Ap+&&+ C).C)2 ', K+u2'+, ),d p.21)pC ) (u&t +f Z.uC C).C)2 ', S)&)m'C. B+t1 (u&t'( ),d 1+,+2'f'( Ct)tu.C +f 'mp.2')& f)m'&y m.mb.2C >.2. p&)(.d >'t1', Cyp2'+t. t.m(,+' ),d C.t ', t1. pub&'( Cp)(., ', t1.)t2.C ),d 5ym,)C'). T1. (+,Ct),t p2.C.,(. +f t1. .mp.2+2 ', t1. 2.&'5'+uC &),dC()p. >)C )&C+ Ct2.,5t1.,.d by ,um.2+uC f.Ct'v)&C t1)t >.2. ',t2+du(.d t+ t1. Cyp2'+t. ()&.,d)2. T1. t2)d't'+, +f t1. +p., C),(tu)2y, t1. Ct2+,5 (u&t +f Ap12+d't. )C ) f.2t'&'ty 5+dd.CC, t1. (u&t +f Ap+&&+, t1. m',+2 'mp+2t),(. +f t1. >+2C1'p +f 1.2+.C +, t1. +,. C'd. ),d t1. (.,t2)&'?)t'+, +f t1. (u&t ', (+Ct)& C),(tu)2'.C, ',t2+du(',5 t1. G2..A t.mp&. m+d.& ),d t1. (u&t +f t1. 2u&.2 +, t1. +t1.2—)&& +f t1'C .v'd.,(. t)A., t+5.t1.2 p2+v'd.C ) (+mp&.x 'm)5. +f t1. 2.&'5'+, +f Cyp2uC (+mb',',5 t1. +&d.Ct (u&t t2)d't'+,C >'t1 ,.> p),­ M.d't.22),.), +,.C. Of (+u2C., du2',5 t1. >1+&. R+m), p.2'+d, 2.&'5'+, d'd ,+t 2.m)', (+,C'Ct.,t&y t1. C)m.. T1. p)tt.2,C +f >+2C1'p, )C t1.y )2. v.2y f2)5'&. t+ p.+p&.’C ,..dC ),d 1+p.C, )2. ', ), ',(.CC),t (1),5.. I, Cyp2uC, &'A. ', +t1.2C p)2t +f t1. M.d't.22),.),, )ft.2 t1. IC* (.,tu2y AD, (1t1+,'( .&.m.,tC Ct)2t.d t+ b. m+2. v'C'b&.. Su2p2'C',5&y .,+u51, t1. .v'd.,(. +f myCt.2'+uC p2)(t'(.C 'C 2.)&&y C()2(.. Du. t+ )2(1't.(tu2)& C'm'&)2't'.C, t1. T.mp&. F ', S+&+'-C1+&)d.C ),d U,d.252+u,d S),(tu)2y ', G)22'C+, C)mp )2. C+m.t'm.C ',d'()t.d )C M't12.) but ,+t1',5 m+2. Cupp+2tC t1'C ',t.2p2.t)t'+,. V.2y ',t.2.Ct',5 )2. t1. t.Ct'm+,'.C )5)',Ct t1. (u&t +f T1.+C Hyp,+C. A&t1+u51 HypC'Ct+C >)C uC.d by t1. J.>C t+ d.,+t. Y)1v(, t1. )pp.)2),(. +f t1. 5+dC )(2+CC t1. R+m), Emp'2. d+.C ,+t .xp&'('t&y C'5,)& t1. p2)(t'(. +2 ',f&u.,(. +f Jud)'Cm. B.,,.t (1980, 435) ,+t.d t1)t ', Cyp2uC, t1.2. >)C ) (+,,.(t'+, b.t>.., t1. Hyp,+C ),d Ap12+d't. O2(') t1)t m)y 1)v. C+m.t1',5 t+ d+ >'t1 t1.'2 2+&. ', m.d'(',.. T1. ),)t+m'()& .x v+t) f2+m G+&5+' >'t1 d.d'()t'+,C t+ T1.+C Hyp,+C (+,f'2mC t1)t 1. >)C p.2(.'v.d )C ) &+()& 1.)&',5 5+d.

CONCLUSIONS

61

U,f+2tu,)t.&y, >( d+ ,+t A,+> mu(1 )b+ut 2.&'5'+uC p2)(t'(.C )ft.2 t1. S(v(2'), dy,)Cty. T1. &)(A +f .p'52)p1'()& t.Ct'm+,'.C 1',d.2C 2.C.)2(1 +, Cyp2'+t. 2.&'5'+,. It C..mC t1)t t1. p2+(.CC +f t1. d.(&',. ', (u&t'( )(t'v'ty )dv),(.d 'f ,+t )((.&.2)t.d. H+>.v.2, +t1.2 p&)(.C, ',(&ud',5 ',&),d +,.C &'A. t1. C),(tu)2y +f Z.uC L)b2'),+C ', P1)C+u&), d.m+,Ct2)t. t1. u,b.&'.v)b&. (+,t',u'ty +f (u&t p2)(t'(. u,t'& t1. &)t. 4t1 (.,tu2y AD. T1. &)t. R+m), 1'Ct+2y +f t1. Cyp2'+t. 2.&'5'+, 'C y.t t+ b. >2'tt.,.

REFERENCES

Am),d2y, M. 2016 Cyp2'+t. (+',)5. u,d.2 R+m), 2u&. (30 BC - 32d (.,tu2y AD) Ayp2'+C(1)2)(t.2.('(.52/(,/t/ AT (A((.CC.d: 01/05/2016).

A,)Ct)CC')d.C, A. 1998 Ap)'v+qq (b'X)b.Atp+u: ACp.(tC +f ) Cp.('f'( (u&t ', Cyp2uC, RDAC 1998: 129-40. 2003 FuC'+, ),d D'ffuC'+,. IC')( Cu&tC ', Pt+&(m)'(C ),d R+m), Cyp2uC ',: D. M'(1).&'d(C, V. K)CC'),'d+u, ),d R. S. M(22'&&..C (.dC.), E5ypt ),d Cyp2uC ', A,t'qu'ty, Oxf+2d, 144-50. A25+ud, G. .t )&. 1975 G. A25+ud, O. C)&&+t, B. B.&&y, A-M. L)22'b.)u, L( t.mp&. d. Z.uC ) S)&)m',(, RDAC 1975: 122-41. Aup(2t, P. 1996 Gu'd., S't.C .t M+,um.,tC XV, P)2'C. 2000 Gu'd. t+ Am)t1uC, N'(+C'). 2008 H.&'+C, Ad+,'C .t m)5'(: &.C t2.C+2C d’u,. ('t.m. d’Am)t1+,t( (I,C(2'pt'+,C d’Am)t1+,t. VIII), BCH 132.2: 347-87. 2009 Am)t1+,t. 1(&&(,'Ct'qu. .t 2+m)',.: R)pp+2t d.C t2)v)ux 2((.,tC, CCEC 39: 25-48.

Aup.2t, P. ),d H.2m)2y, A. 1981 R)pp+2t Cu2 &.C t2)v)ux d. 1’E(+&( f2),^)'C. ) Am)t1+,t. ., 1975, BCH 105.2: 1025-34. 2006 N+uv.)ux d+(um.,tC Cu2 &. (u&t. d’Ap12+d't. ) Am)t1+,t., BCH 130.1: 83-115. Aup.2t, P. ),d M)CC+,, O. 1979 I,C(2'pt'+,C d’ Am)t1+,t. I, BCH 103.1: 361 -89.

B)5,)&&, R. S. ),d D2.>-B.)2, T. 1973 D+(um.,tC f2+m K+u2'+,: A R.v'.> A2t'(&. P)2t 2: I,d'v'du)& I,C(2'pt'+,C’, P1+.,'x 27.3: 213-44. B)u2)',, C. 1980 K',y2)C: &) f', d. P)5. du b2+,?. ) C1yp2. .t &) t2)d't'+, ),t'qu., BCH 104.2: 277-308.

B)?.2m+2., G.B. 2002 T1. d'Cp&)y ),d v'.>',5 +f t1. Cy&&)b'( ',C(2'pt'+,C +f R),t'd' S),(tu)2y, ',: J. S. Sm't1 ((d.), S(2'pt ),d S.)& UC. +, Cyp2uC ', t1. B2+,?. ),d I2+, A5.C, B+Ct+,, 155-212.

64

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

B.,,.tt, C.G. 1980 T1. Cu&tC +f t1. ),('.,t G2..A Cyp2'+t.C, P1D d'CC.2t)t'+,. B'(A,.&&, P. J. 1977 C).C)2, A,t+,y, C&.+p)t2) ),d Cyp2uC, L)t+muC 36: 325-42. B(AA.2-N'(&C(,, T. 2004 T1. R+)dC +f A,('.,t Cyp2uC, C+p.,1)5.,.

But(1.2, K. 2010 C+,t.Ct',5 C)(2.d Cp)(. ', L.b),.C. t.mp&.C ',: E. S. G2u(, ((d.), Cu&tu2)& 'd.,t'ty ', t1. ),('.,t M.d't.22),.),. ICCu.C & d.b)t.C, L+C A,5.&.C, 452-63.

Bu't2+,, D. ),d S+2(,, D. 1980 M'CC+u2' ', Cyp2uC: T1. K+u2'+, Exp.d't'+,, MuC. 13: 22-31. C)CC'm)t'C, H. 1982 A p2+p+C d. (+u2+,,.C Cu2&.C t.t.C m)C(u&',.C ., ()&()'2. d. C1yp2., RDAC 1982: 156-63.

C)y&), J.-B. 2001 A p2+p+C d. K',y2)C: N+uv.&&. &.(tu2. d’u,. .p'(&.C. d’Ap+&&+, ) C1yp2., CCEC 31: 69-81. 2004 L'v'., Ap12+d't. (t u,. f)m'&&. d. p2.t2.C du .u&t. 'mp.2')&. ) P)p1+C ',: S. F+&&.t (.d.), L’1.&&.,'Cm. d’.p+qu. 2+m)',.: ,+uv.)ux d+(um.,tC, ,+uv(&&(C )pp2+(1.C (I(2 C.).C. -III+ C.p.C.), P)2'C, 233-43. 2018 L.C ',C(2'pt'+,C d. P)p1+C. L) ('t. (1yp2'+t. C+uC &) d+m',)t'+, &)5'd( .t ) 1’.p+qu. 'mp.2')&., Ly+,. C.C,+&), A. P. d' 1882 S)&)m',') (Cyp2uC): t1. 1'Ct+2y, t2.)Cu2.C, & ),t'qu't'.C +f S)&)m'C ', t1. 'C&),d +f Cyp2uC, L+,d+,.

C.C,+&), L. P. d' 1877 Cyp2uC: ItC A,('.,t C't'.C, T+mbC ),d T.mp&.C, L+,d+,. C12'Ct+u, D. 1996 K+u2'+,. ItC M+,um.,tC ),d L+()& MuC.um, N'(+C'). C+u,tC, D. 2009 F2+m S'>) t+ Cyp2uC: T1. ACC'm'&)t'+, +f Z.uC Amm+, ', t1. Cyp2'+t. P),t1.+, ',: D. M'(1).&'d.C, V. K)CC'),'d+u, ),d R. M.22'&&.(C (.dC.), E5ypt ),d Cyp2uC ', A,t'qu'ty, Oxf+2d, 104-17. C+u,tC, D. ),d T+um)?+u, M. K. 2003 A2t.m'C )t At1'.,+u-M)&&+u2), CCEC 33: 237-51.

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65

D)C?.>CA', W. A. 1968 A P2.&'m',)2y R.p+2t +, t1. Ex()v)t'+,C +f t1. P+&'C1 A2(1).+&+5'()& M'CC'+, )t K)t+ (N()) P)p1+C ', 1966 ),d 1967, RDAC 1968: 33-61. F&+u2.,t?+C, P. 1989 T1. I(+,+52)p1y +f t1. G+d P), ', Cyp2'+t S(u&ptu2., RDAC 1989: 121-26. 2007 A, u,A,+>, G2).(+-R+m), t.mp&. f2+m t1. &+>.2 t+>, +f Am)t1+uC, CCEC 37: 299-306.

F+2t',, M. 1980 F+,d)t'+, d. V'&&.C G2((qu(C ) C1yp2(: L.5.,d.C (t D.(+uv(2t(C A2(1(+&+5'qu(C ',: J.B. C)2+,, M. F+2t', ),d G. M)&+,.y ((dC.), M.&),5.C D’(tud(C A,('(,,.C +ff.2tC ) M)u2'(. L(b(&, Qu.b.(, 25-44. 1984 N+uv(&&(C d.(+uv(2t(C 2.&)t'v.C )ux &.5.,d.C d. f+,d)t'+, d. v'&&(C G2((qu(C ) C1yp2( ) &) f', d. P)5. du b2+,?., E(1+C du M+,d. C&)CC'qu./C&)CC'()& V'.>C 3: 133-46. F+u22'.2, S. 2008 L.5.,d.C d. f+,d)t'+, .t 1.&&.,'C)t'+, d. C1yp2(. P)2(+u2C 1'Ct+2'+52)p1'qu., CCEC 38:103-118

F+u22'.2, S. ),d H.2m)2y, A. 2006 Am)t1+,t. VI: &. C),(tu)'2. d’Ap12+d't. d.C +2'5',.C )u d.but d. 1’.p+qu. 'mp.2')&., P)2'C.

F2),A&',, J.C. 2015 K',y2)C: T1. D'v',. Ly2., C)mb2'd5. ),d L+,d+,. Fuj'', T. 2013 Imp.2')& Cu&t, Imp.2')& R.p2.C.,t)t'+, ', R+m), Cyp2uC, Stutt5)2t. 2015 Imp.2')& Cu&t ),d Imp.2')& St)tu.C ', R+m), Cyp2uC: A P2.&'m',)2y R.p+2t ',: A. J)(+bC ),d P. C+Cy,C (.dC.), Cyp2'+t M)t.2')& Cu&tu2. Stud'.C f2+m P'(2+&'t. C)2v',5 t+ P2+CAy,'t)2') A,)&yC'C. P2+(..d',5C +f t1. 8t1 A,,u)& P+Ct52)du)t. Cyp2'+t A2(1).+&+5y C+,f.2.,(. H.&d ', H+,+u2 +f t1. M.m+2y +f P)u& ACt2+m )t t1. V2'j. U,'v.2C't.'t B2uCC.& (B.&5'um), 27t1 - 29t1 N+v.mb.2 2008, B2uCC.&C, 245-56. G)b(2, P. 1995 T1. H'Ct+2y +f A,('.,t Id)&'+, ', t1. L'51t +f R.(.,t Ex()v)t'+,C ',: P.W. W)&&)(. (.d.). V'C't+2C, Imm'52),tC ),d I,v)d.2C ', Cyp2uC, Su,y, 32-39. 2008 T1. H'Ct+2y +f H'Ct+2y: Ex()v)t'+,C )t Id)&'+, ),d t1. C1),5',5 H'Ct+2y +f ) C'ty K',5­ d+m, N.)2 E)Ct.2, A2(1).+&+5y 71.1-2: 52-63. G)b.2, P. ),d D.v.2, W.G 1996 Id)&'+,, Cyp2uC: C+,qu.Ct ),d C+,t',u'ty ',: W.G. D.v.2 (.d.), P2.&'m',)2y Ex()v)t'+, R.p+2tC, S)2d'C, Id)&'+,, ),d T.&& E&-H),d)quq N+2t1, AASOR 53: 85-113.

66

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

G)b(2, P. ),d M+2d.,, M. 1992 U,'v.2C'ty +f A2'?+,) Exp.d't'+, t+ Id)&'+,, CCEC 18: 21-26.

G'v.,, M. ),d K,)pp, A.B. ((dC.) 2003 T1. Syd,.y Cyp2uC Su2v.y P2+j.(t: S+(')& App2+)(1.C t+ R.5'+,)& A2(1).+&+5'()& Su2v.y, L+C A,5.&.C.

Gj.2Ct)d, E. 1944 T1. C+&+,'?)t'+, +f Cyp2uC ', G2..A L.5.,d, OpA2(1 3: 107-23. G+2d+, J.M. 2012 B.t>.., A&.x),d2') ),d R+m.: A P+Ct(+&+,')& A2(1).+&+5y +f Cu&tu2)& Id.,t'ty ', H.&&.,'Ct'( ),d R+m), Cyp2uC, P1D D'CC.2t)t'+,.

G2)f, F. 2009 Ap+&&+, L+,d+,-N.> Y+2A. Gu'd'(. .& )&. 2017 F. G'ud'((, E. G'ud'(., G. Gu'd'(. ),d S.C. C1')2(&&+, P)p1+C, G)22'C+,’C ()mp. X&&) ()mp)5,) (1999), A,,R.pCyp2 2011-12: 771 -809. H)y.C, J.W. 1967 Cyp2'+t S'5'&&)t), RDAC 1967: 65-77. 1977 E)2&y R+m), W)2.C f2+m t1. H+uC. +f D'+,yC+C, P)p1+C, R.' C2.t)2'). R+m),). F)ut+2um )(t) 17/18: 96-108. H.d2..,, G. 1991 T1. Cu&t +f A(1'&&.C ', t1. Eux',(, H.Cp.2') 60: 13-31. H.2m)2y, A. 1990 C',q (x-v+t+ d’A2C+C 2.t2+uv.C )u MuC.. du L+uv2., CCEC 14: 45-48. 1992 L. C),(tu)'2. d. Z.uC L)b2),'+C ) P1)C+u&) ',: G.C. &+),,'d(C ((d.), Stud'.C ', 1+,+u2 +f V)CC+C K)2)5.+251'C, N'(+C'), 333-37. 1994 L) D)t. du T.mp&. D’ Ap12+d't. A Am)t1+,t., BCH 118: 321 -30. 2009 U, Ap+&&+, C1yp2'+t. )ux b+u(&.C ‘Lyb'qu(C ',: D. M'(1).&'d(C, V. K)CC'),'d+u, R. S. M.22'&&..C (.dC.), E5ypt ),d Cyp2uC ', A,t'qu'ty, Oxf+2d, 136-143. 2015 Am)t1uC, ()p't)& +f t1. K',5d+m ),d ('ty-Ct)t. ',: A. N'(+&)+u K+,,)2' ),d C. S(1)b(& (.dC.), L.m.C+C: A H'Ct+2y +f L'm)CC+& ', Cyp2uC f2+m A,t'qu'ty t+ t1. Ott+m), C+,qu.Ct, C)mb2'5d., 1-49. H.2m)2y, A. ),d M.2t.,C, J. 2014 T1. C.C,+&) C+&&.(t'+, +f Cyp2'+t A2t: St+,. S(u&ptu2., Y)&..

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H'&&, G.F. 1940 A H'Ct+2y +f Cyp2uC. V+&um. 1 T+ t1. C+,qu.Ct by R'(1)2d t1. L'+, H.)2t, C)mb2'd5..

H+5)2t1, D.G. .& )&. 1888 H+5)2t1, D.G., J)m.C, M.R., E&C(y Sm't1, R. ),d G)2d,.2, E.A., Ex()v)t'+,C ', Cyp2uC, 1887-88. P)p1+C, L.+,t)2', Am)25.tt', JHS 9: 147-271. Hu,t, A. 2016 R.v'v',5 R+m), R.&'5'+,: S)(2.d T2..C ', t1. R+m), W+2&d, C)mb2'd5..

HuCC.',, E. 2014 P+>.2 ),d 'd.,t'ty ', R+m), Cyp2uC, P1.D D'CC.2t)t'+,. &+),,+u, C1. 2015 1ttp://Ayp2'+C(1)2)(t(2.('(.52/.,/C('(,t'f'(-t.xtC/d(t)'&C/(yp2uC-),d-+t1.2C/(yp2'+t.C-),dP1+.,'('),C (A((.CC.d: 01/05/2016).

K),t'2.), M. 2008 L. (u&t. 'mp.2')& ) C1yp2.: 2.&.(tu2. d.C d+(um.,tC .p'52)p1'qu.C, ZPE 167: 91-112. 2010 Ap+&&+, Hy&)t.C .t Ap+&&+, C.C)2 ) K+u2'+,: C+,t2'but'+, (p'52)p1'qu( ) &) t+p+52)p1'qu. du C),(tu)'2., CCEC 40: 253-75. K)p.2), Z.J. 2009 T1. J.>'C1 P2.C.,(. ', Cyp2uC b.f+2. AD 70, S(2'pt) Jud)'() C2)(+v'.,C') 7: 33-44.

K)2)5.+251'C, J. 2005 Kyp2'C. T1. Ap12+d't. +f Cyp2uC. A,('.,t S+u2(.C ),d A2(1).+&+5'()& Ev'd.,(., N'(+C'). K)2)5.+251'C, V. 1969 S)&)m'C ', Cyp2uC: H+m.2'(, H.&&.,'Ct'( ),d R+m),, L+,d+,. 1998 G2..A G+dC ),d H.2+.C ', A,('.,t Cyp2uC, At1.,C. 2000 A,('.,t A2t f2+m Cyp2uC: T1. C.C,+&) C+&&.(t'+, ', t1. M.t2+p+&'t), MuC.um +fA2t, N.> Y+2A. K)2)5.+251'C, V. ),d V.2m.u&., C.C. 1964 S(u&ptu2.C f2+m S)&)m'C. V+&. 1, N'(+C'). 1966 S(u&ptu2.C f2+m S)&)m'C. V+&. 2, N'(+C').

K&.'b&, K. 2007 D.2 1.&&.,'Ct'C(1-2dm'C(1 T.mp&. 52)(+-)5ypt'C(1(2 G+tt.2 ', S+&' ',: S. R+55. ((d.), M)t.2'.&&. Ku&tu2., )uf Zyp.2, b'C ', d'. 2bm'C(1. Z.'t, Mu,Ct.2, 125-50. L)v.&&., B.M. 1984 H.2+d+t+C +, t1. A25'v.C +f K+u2'+,, H.2m.C 112.2: 249-52.

68

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L.+,)2d, J.R. 1995 Ev'd.,(. f+2 R+m), P+2tC, H)2b+u2C ),d A,(1+2)5.C ', Cyp2uC ',: V. K)2)5.+251'C ),d D. M'(1).&'d.C (.dC.), Cyp2uC ),d t1. S.), N'(+C'), 227-42.

LyC),d2+u,V. ),d A5)p'+u, A. 2015 C't'.C +f t1. d.)d: )pp2+)(1',5 t1. &+Ct &),dC()p. +f H.&&.,'Ct'( ),d R+m), ,.(2+p+&.'C +f Cyp2uC, A2(1).+&+5'()& ),d A,t12+p+&+5'()& S('.,(.C 8.4: 867-77.

M)'.2, F.G. 1975 T1. T.mp&. +f Ap12+d't. )t O&d P)p1+C, RD AC 1975: 69-80. M)'.2, F.G. ),d K)2)5.+251'C, V. 1984 P)p1+C: H'Ct+2y ),d A2(1).+&+5y, N'(+C'). M),,',5, S. .t )&. 2002 S. M),,',5, A. M),,',5, R. T+mb(2, D.A. S.>.&&, S.J. M+,CAC, MJ. P+,t',5 ),d E.C. R'b.'2+, T1. L)t. R+m), C1u2(1 )t M)2+,' P(t2(2): Su2v.y ),d S)&v)5. Ex()v)t'+,C 1990-1997, ),d Ot1.2 T2)(.C +f R+m), R.m)',C ', t1. L+>.2 M)2+,' V)&&.y, Cyp2uC, N'(+C').

M)CC+,, O. 1980 N+t.C Cu2 u, C),(tu)'2. d’A2C+C, BCH 104.1: 273-75. 1983 L.C I,C(2'pt'+,(C C1yp2'+t(C Sy&&)b'qu.C, P)2'C. 1994 Am)25.tt', u, C),(tu)'2. 2u2)& p2.C d. P)p1+C, BCH 118.1: 261 -75. M'(1).&'d.C, D. 1990 T1. R+m), P.2'+d. 30 BC - AD 330 ',: D. Hu,t (.d.), F++tp2',tC ', Cyp2uC, L+,d+,, 110-35. 1996 T1. E(+,+my +f Cyp2uC du2',5 t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( ),d R+m), p.2'+dC ',: V. K)2)5.+251'C ),d D. M'(1).&'d.C (.dC.), T1. D.v.&+pm.,t +f t1. Cyp2'+t E(+,+my: F2+m t1. p2.1'Ct+2'( p.2'+d t+ t1. p2.C.,t d)y, N'(+C'), 139-52. 2009 A b+)t-C1)p.d &)mp f2+m N.) P)p1+C ),d t1. d'v',. p2+t.(t+2C +f ,)v'5)t'+, ', CCEC 39: 197-226. 2014 T1. ),)t+m'()& .x-v+t+C +f H.&&.,'Ct'( ),d R+m), Cyp2uC ',: D. M'(1).&'d.C (.d.), M.d'(',. ),d H.)&',5 ', t1. A,('.,t M.d't.22),.),, Oxf+2d, 30-37.

M'(1).&'d+u-N'(+&)+u, 1. 1978 T1. (u&t +f O2'.,t)& D'v','t'.C ', Cyp2uC: A2(1)'( t+ G2).(+-R+m), T'm.C ',: M. d. B+.2 ),d T. A. Ed2'd5. (.dC.), H+mm)5(C ) M))2t., J. V(2m)C(2(,, V+&um. 2, L.'d.,, 791-800.

M't(1.&&, S. 1999 T1. (u&t +f t1.+C 1ypC'Ct+C b.t>.., p)5),C, J.>C, ),d C12'Ct'),C, ',: P. At1),)CC')d' ),d M. F2.d. (.dC.), P)5), M+,+t1.'Cm ', L)t. A,t'qu'ty, Oxf+2d, 81-149. M'tf+2d, T.B. 1946 R.&'5'+uC d+(um.,tC f2+m R+m), Cyp2uC, JHS 66: 24-42.

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1947 N+&.C +, C+m. pub&'C1.d I,C(2'pt'+,C f2+m R+m), Cyp2uC, BSA 42: 201-30. 1950 N.> I,C(2'pt'+,C f2+m R+m), Cyp2uC, OpA2(1 6: 1-95. 1957 Pt+&.my M)(2+, ',: E. A2C&), ((d.), Stud' ', +,+2( d' A2'Ct'd. C)&d(2',' ( R+b.2t+ P)2'b(,'. V+&. 2 Stud' d' p)p'2+&+5') . ),t'(1't) +2'.,t)&., M'&),+, 163-87. 1960 A Cyp2'+t O)t1 +f A&&.5'),(. t+ T'b.2'uC, JRS 50: 75-9. 1961) T1. H.&&.,'Ct'( I,C(2'pt'+,C +f O&d P)p1+C, BSA 56: 1-41. 1961b Fu2t1.2 (+,t2'but'+,C t+ t1. .p'52)p1y +f Cyp2uC, AJA 65: 93-151. 1971 T1. I,C(2'pt'+,C +f K+u2'+,, P1'&)d.&p1'). 1980 R+m), Cyp2uC, AufCt'(5 u,d N'(d(25),5 d(2 2+m'C(1(, W.&t II. 7.2: 1285-384. 1990 T1. Cu&tC +f R+m), Cyp2uC, AufCt'.5 u,d N'.d.25),5 d.2 2+m'C(1., W.&t II 18.3: 2176-211. M'tf+2d, T.B. ),d M)CC+,, O. 1983 T1. Sy&&)b'( I,C(2'pt'+,C +f R),t'd'-P)p1+C, C+Ct),(.. Mty,)2(?yA, J. 1980 T1. P)p1'), S),(tu)2y +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C, RDAC 1980: 239-52. 1990 N() P)p1+C ', t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d, W)2C?)>).

M++2., R.S. 2003 H.&&.,'Ct'( t+ R+m), L),dC()p.C ',: M. G'v., ),d A.B. K,)pp (.dC.), S+(')& App2+)(1.C t+ R.5'+,)& A2(1).+&+5'()& Su2v.y: T1. Syd,.y Cyp2uC Su2v.y P2+j.(t, L+C A,5.&.C.

N'(+&)+u, I. 1976 T1. H'Ct+2'()& T+p+52)p1y +f K't'+,, SIMA 43, G+t(b+25. Opp., d. Ru't.2, B.F. v), 2007 R.&'5'+uC Id.,t'f'()t'+, +f Pt+&.m)'( Qu..,C >'t1 Ap12+d't., D.m.t.2, H)t1+2 ),d IC'C, N.> Y+2A.

P)p)5.+251'+u, A. 1985 L’)2(1't.(&u2. p)&.+(12.t'.,,. d. C1yp2., C+2C+ d' (u&tu2) Cu IF )2t. 2)v.,,)t. . by?),t',) 32: 299-324.

P)p),t+,'+u, G. 2009 “R.v'C't',5” S+&+'-C1+&)d.C: Pt+&.m)'( P+>.2, R.&'5'+, ),d Id.+&+5y, CCEC 39: 271-87. 2012 R.&'5'+, ),d S+(')& T2),Cf+2m)t'+,C ', Cyp2uC. F2+m t1. Cyp2'+t B)C'&.'C t+ t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( S&2)t.5+C, L.'d.,- B+Ct+,. 2015 F2+m t1. Cyp2'+t B)C'&.'C t+ t1. H.&&.,'Ct'( St2)t(5+C: T1. A2(1).+&+5'()& Ev'd.,(. 1ttp://Ayp2'+C(1)2)(t.2..'..52/.,/C('.,t'f'(-t.xtC/d.t)'&C/A',5d+mC-A',5C/f2+m(yp2'+t-b)C'&.'C-t+1.&&.,'Ct'(-Ct2)t.5+C-)2(1).+&+5'()&-.v'd.,(. (A((.CC.d: 01/07/2016). P)p),t+,'+u, G. ),d V'+,'C, A.K. 2017 L),dC()p. A2(1).+&+5y ),d S)(2.d Sp)(. ', t1. E)Ct.2, M.d't.22),.),: A G&'mpC. f2+m Cyp2uC, L),d 6.40: 1-18.

70

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P)2AC, D A. 1999 Bu2')& (uCt+mC +f R+m), Cyp2uC: +2'5', ),d d.v.&+pm.,t. P1D D'CC.2t)t'+,. P.t2'., W.M.F. 1927 Obj.(tC +f d)'&y uC., L+,d+,.

Pf.'ff.2, S. 2008 T1. 5+d S(2)p'C, 1'C (u&t ),d t1. b.5',,',5C +f t1. 2u&.2 (u&t ', Pt+&.m)'( E5ypt ',: P. M(K.(1,'., ),d P. Gu'&&)m. (.dC.), Pt+&.my II P1'&)d.&p1uC ),d 1'C >+2&d, L.'d.,-B+Ct+,, 387-408. P'2.,,.-D.&f+25., V. 1994 L’Ap12+d't. 52((qu., K.2,.C Supp&.m.,t IV, At1.,(C-L'(5(.

P+tt.2, D. 2000 'H Ku,p+5 (,)p/') Tfj5 P(+p)'Kfj5 Aux+Kp)2+p')t; ',: T. P)p)d+p+u&&+C ((d.), T+2+p') 2fjq Ku,p+u V+&. 2, Ap/)') Ku,p+5, P)2t 2, N'(+C'), 763-864. P2'(., S.R.F. 1984 G+dC ),d Emp.2+2C: T1. G2..A L),5u)5. +f t1. R+m), Imp.2')& Cu&t, JHS 104: 79-95.

R)utm),, M. 2000 T1. buCy (+u,t2yC'd. +f L)t. R+m), Cyp2uC, RDAC 2000: 317-31.

R)pt+u, E. 1996 C+,t2'but'+, t+ t1. Ctudy +f t1. .(+,+my +f ),('.,t Cyp2uC: (+pp.2-t'mb.2 ',: V. K)2)5.+251'C ),d D. M'(1).&'d.C (.dC.), T1. d.v.&+pm.,t +f t1. Cyp2'+t .(+,+my f2+m t1. p2.1'Ct+2'( p.2'+d t+ t1. p2.C.,t d)y, N'(+C'), 249-59. R+>., A.H. 2004 R.(+,C'd.2',5 L)t. R+m), Cyp2uC: UC',5 ,.> m)t.2')& f2+m N() P)p1+C t+ 2.v'.> (u22.,t )2t.f)(t typ+&+5'.C, P1D D'CC.2t)t'+,. Rupp, D. 2000 M)p 72 Cyp2uC ',: RJ.A. T)&b.2t ((d.), B)22',5t+, At&)C +f t1. G2..A ),d R+m), W+2&d: M)p-by-m)p, P2',(.t+,-Oxf+2d, 1085-107.

S(2),t+,, R. 1967 T1. A2(1't.(tu2. +f t1. S),(tu)2y +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C )t K+u2'+,, T2),C)(t'+,C +f t1. Am.2'(), P1'&+C+p1'()& S+('.ty: N.> S(2'.C 57.5: 3-85. S',+C, S. 1990 T1. T.mp&. +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C )t K+u2'+, ),d t1. R.Ct+2)t'+, +f ItC S+ut1>.Ct C+m.2, At1.,C.

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S+&+m'd+u- &.2+,ym'd+u, M. 1985 T1. ),('.,t 2.&'5'+, +f Cyp2uC t12+u51 t1. .p'52)p1'()& d+(um.,tC +f Cyp2uC ),d G2..(.: ) (+mp)2)t'v. Ctudy, A2(1)(+&+5') Cyp2') 1: 57-64. S+2.,, D. 1987 T1. Ex()v)t'+, ),d 'tC S'5,'f'(),(. ',: D. S+2., ((d.). T1. S),(tu)2y +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C )t K+u2'+,, Cyp2uC, TuC(+,, 24-52.

T)tt+,-B2+>,, V. 2002 T1. A',5d+m +f Id)&'+,. L),5’C .x()v)t'+,C ', t1. B2't'C1 MuC.um, CCEC 32: 243-56.

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U&b2'(1, A. 2008 Kyp2'C: H.'&'5t''m.2 u,d Ku&t. >('b&'(1(2 G+tt1('t(, )uf Zyp.m ', d(2 Kyp2+)2(1)'C(1(, u,d Kyp2+A&)CC'C(1., Ep+(1( (K+,'5C?.'t), Mu,Ct.2. 2010 Im)5.C +f Cyp2'+t Ap12+d't. ', 1.2 S),(tu)2'.C du2',5 t1. A5. +f t1. C'ty-K',5d+mC ',: A.C. Sm't1 ),d S. P'(Aup ((dC.), B2'&&’C C+mp),'+, t+ Ap12+d't.. L.'d., - B+Ct+,, 167-93. V.2m.u&., C.C. 1976 G2..A ),d R+m), Cyp2uC: A2t f2+m C&)CC'()& t12+u51 L)t. A,t'qu. T'm.C, B+Ct+,.

V.m.t, Y. 2011 L’Ap+&&+, (1yp2'+t., d. &) ,)tu2. .t d.C ),'m)ux, CCEC 41: 251 -64. 2015 T1. Cyp2'+t. Ap+&&+. C1)2)(t.2'Ct'(C +f t1. Ap+&&',. Cu&t ', Cyp2uC, 1ttp://Ayp2'+C(1)2)(t.2 . .'..52/.,/C('.,t'f'(-t.xtC/d.t)'&C/(u&t-),d-2.&'5'+,/(yp2'+t.-)p+&&+-(1)2)(t.2'Ct'(C-+f-)p+&&',.-(u&t',-(yp2uC (A((.CC.d: 01/07/2016). V.ym'.2C, R. 2005 S.2)p'C f)(. )u C),(tu)'2. P)p1'). A p2+p+C d’u,. 5.mm. d'Cp)2u. d. &) (+&&.(t'+, P.t2'. ',: C12. C),,uy.2 (.d.), L) &),5u. d),C t+uC C.C (t)tC. M'(1.& M)&)'C. ', 1+,+2(m, L+uv)',, 339-56.

Vb2+C, G. 2007 F'.&d R.C.)2(1 IX: N.) P)p1+C ',: G. Vb2+C (.d.), E5ypt'), T.mp&. A2(1't.(tu2.: 100 y.)2C +f Hu,5)2'), Ex()v)t'+,C ', E5ypt, 1907-2007, Bud)p.Ct, 117-202. W(Ct1+&m, A. 1936 T1. t.mp&.C +f S+&': Ctud'.C +, Cyp2'+t. )2t du2',5 H.&&.,'Ct'( ),d R+m), p.2'+dC, St+(A1+&m.

72

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

W'&bu2,, A.T. 2005 M)t.2') m)5'(): t1. )2(1).+&+5y +f m)5'( ', R+m), E5ypt, Cyp2uC ),d Sp)',, A,, A2b+2.

W2'.dt S+2.,C.,, L. 2009 A2t.m'C ', Cyp2uC ',: T. F'C(1.2-H),C., ),d B. P+u&C., ((dC.), F2+m A2t.m'C t+ D'),). T1. G+dd.CC +f M), ),d B.)Ct, C+p.,1)5.,, 195-206.

W2'51t, G.R.H. 1992 A,('.,t Bu'&d',5 ', CypmC, L.'d.,.

Y+,, M. 1980 Z.uC d. S)&)m',. ',: R. B&+(1 (.d.), R.(1.2(1.C Cu2 &.C 2.&'5'+,C d. 1’A,t'qu't. (&)CC'qu., G.,.v.-P)2'C, 85-103. 1992 T1. G+dd.CC +f t1. S)&t-L)A. ',: G.C. &+),,'d(C (.d.), Stud'.C ', H+,+u2 +f V. K)2)5(+251'C, N'(+C'), 301-6. 2009 L( (u&t. 'mp.2')& ) S)&)m',., CCEC 39: 289-308.

Y+u,5, J. H. ),d Y+u,5, S. H. 1955 T.22)(+tt) F'5u2',.C f2+m K+u2'+, ', Cyp2uC, P1'&)d.&p1').

INDEX OF ANCIENT AUTHORS Actac Barnabae 20-21 - The Twelve Patriarchs, Excerpts and Epistles, The Clementina, Apocrypha, Decretals, Memoirs of Edessa and Syriac Documents, t2),C&)t.d by P. S(1)ff, A,t.-N'((,. F)t1.2C 8, Ed',bu25, 1994.

Acts of the Apostles 13.5 - ESV Study Bible, W1.)t+,, 2008.

Antoninus Liberalis A2A(+p1+,: 39.1-6 - P. W. W)&&),(. ),d A. G. O2p1),'d(C ((dC.), Sources for the History of Cyprus: Greek and Latin Texts to the Third Century A.D., N'(+C'), 1990, 233-34.

Ammianus Marcellinus 14.8.14 - Amm'),uC M)2(.&&',uC, History, Volume I: Books 14-19, t2),C&)t.d by J. C. R+&f., L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 300, C)mb2'd5., 1950.

Appian B.&&um C'v'&.: 5.1.9, 5.6.52 - App'),, Roman History, Volume IV: The Civil Wars, Books 3.27-5, t2),C&)t.d by H. W1't., L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 5, C)mb2'd5., 1913.

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Arnobius Adv(2CuC ,)t'+,(C: 5.19.2 - A2,+b'uC +f S'((), The Seven Books of Arnobius Adversus Gentes, t2),C&)t.d by A. R+b.2tC ),d J. D+,)&dC+,, A,t(-N'(.,( C12'Ct'), &'b2)2y XIX, Ed',bu251, 1871.

Cassius Dio 42.35.4-6 - D'+ C)CC'uC, Roman History, Volume IV: Books 41-45, t2),C&)t.d by E. C)2y ),d H.B. F+Ct.2, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 66, C)mb2'd5., 1916. 49.32.4-5, 49.41.1-3 — D'+ C)CC'uC, Roman History, Volume V: Books 46-50, t2),C&)t.d by E. C)2y ),d H.B. F+Ct.2, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 82, C)mb2'd5., 1917. 68.32.1 -3 — D'+ C)CC'uC, Roman History, Volume VIII: Books 61-70, t2),C&)t.d by E. C)2y ),d H.B. F+Ct.2, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 176, C)mb2'd5., 1925.

Catullus 68).: 51-52 - Catullus. Tibullus. Pervigilium Veneris, t2),C&)t.d by F.W. C+2,'C1, J.P. P+Ct5)t(, ),d J.W. M)(A)'&, 2.v'C.d by G.P. G++&d, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 6, C)mb2'd5., 1913.

Chariton C)&&'21+.: 8.2.7-9 - C1)2't+,, Callirhoe, .d't.d ),d t2),C&)t.d by G.P. G++&d, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 481, C)mb2'd5., 1995.

Claudius Ptolemy G.+52)p1'): 5.14.1-7 - P.W. W)&&),(. ),d A.G. O2p1),'d.C (.dC.), Sources for the History of Cyprus: Greek and Latin Texts to the Third Century A.D., N'(+C'), 1990, 230-31.

Clement of Alexandria, P2+t2.pt'(uC: 2.29, 2.12-13, 3.40 - C&.m.,t +f A&.x),d2'), The Exhortation to the Greeks. The Rich Mans Salvation. To the Newly Baptized, t2),C&)t.d by G.W. Butt.2>+2t1, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 92, C)mb2'd5., 1919.

Diogenianus C+2puC P)2+.m'+52)p1+2um G2).(+2um I: 178 - P.W. W)&&),(. ),d A.G. O2p1),'d.C (.dC.), Sourc­ es for the History of Cyprus: Greek and Latin Texts to the Third Century A. D., N'(+C'), 1990, 229.

Eusebius H'Ct+2')( E((&.C')Ct'(): 4.2 - EuC.b'uC, Ecclesiastical History, Volume I: Books 1-5, t2),C&)t.d by K. L)A., L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 153, 1926.

Firmicus Maternus D. .22+2. p2+f),+2um 2.&'5'+,um: 10 - Ju&'uC F'2m'(uC M)t.2,uC, De errore profanarum religionum, ',t2+du(t'+,, t2),C&)t'+, ),d (+mm.,t)2y by R.E. OCt.2, J2., M) T1.C'C, R'(. U,'v.2C'ty, 1971.

Georgius Cyprius D.C(2'pt'+ O2b'C R+m),': 1096-1110 - G.+25'' Cyp2'', Descriptio orbis Romani. Accedit Leonis Imperatoris Diatyposis genuina adhuc inedita, (+mm.,t)2'+ ',Ct2ux't H.,2'(uC G.&?.2, L'pC')., 1890.

74

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

Hesiod T1(+5+,y: 190-200 - H.C'+d, Theogony. Works and Days. Testimonia, .d't.d ),d t2),C&)t.d by G.W. M+Ct, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 57, C)mb2'd5. 2018.

Herodotus H'Ct+2').: 5.113.1 - P. W. W)&&),(. ),d A.G. O2p1),'d.C (.dC.), Sourcesfor the History of Cyprus: Greek and Latin Texts to the Third Century A.D., N'(+C'), 1990, 13.

Hesychius A&.x),d2',' &.x'(+,: K)2p+C'C, Af2+d't+C, +mp1)&+C, M)&'A)-H.Cy(1'', Alexandrini Lexicon, Ed. minorern (u2)v't M)u2'('uC S(1m'dt, M+2't?, 1823-1888.

Hipponax 125-126 - Archilochus, Semonides, Hipponax. Greek Iambic Poetry: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC, .d't.d ),d t2),C&)t.d by D.E. G.2b.2, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 259, C)mb2'd5., 1999.

Homeric Hymns H+m.2'( Hym, 5 T+ Ap12+d't. - Homeric Hymns. Homeric Apocrypha. Lives of Homer, .d't.d ),d t2),C&)t.d by M.L. W.Ct, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 496, C)mb2'd5., 2003.

Horacy C)2m 1.7.21-29 - P.W. W)&&),(. ),d A.G. O2p1),'d.C (.dC.), Sources for the History of Cyprus: Greek and Latin Texts to the Third Century A.D., N'(+C'), 1990, 112.

Isocrates, Ev)5+2)C: 18.50 - IC+(2)t.C, Evagoras. Helen. Busiris. Plataicus. Concerning the Team ofHorses. Trapeziticus. Against Callimachus. Aegineticus. Against Lochites. Against Euthynus. Letters, t2),C&)t.d by L.R. v), H++A, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 373, C)mb2'd5., 1945.

Josephus Flavius A,t'qu't)t.C &ud)'().: 13.284- J+C.p1uC, Jewish Antiquities, Volume V: Books 12-13, t2),C&)t.d by R. M)2(uC, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 365, C)mb2'd5., 1943.

Lucian D. d.) Sy2') 6 - Lu('),, Complete Works including The Syrian Goddesss t2),C&)t.d by H.A. St2+,5 ),d J. G)2Ct),5, D.&p1' C&)CC'(C, 2016.

Lycophron 450-494, 586-91 - Callimachus (Hymns and Epigrams). Lycophron. Aratus, t2),C&)t.d by A.W. M)'2 ),d G.R. M)'2, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 129, C)mb2'd5., 1921.

Macrobius S)tu2,)&'), 1. 21 - M)(2+b'uC, Saturnalia, Volume I: Books 1-2, .d't.d ),d t2),C&)t.d by R.A. K)Ct(2, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 510, C)mb2'd5., 2011.

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Pausanias H.&&)d+C P(2'.5.C'C 8.5.2-3; 8.15.5-7 - P.W. W)&&),(( ),d A.G. O2p1),'d(C (.dC.), Sources for the History of Cyprus: Greek and Latin Texts to the Third Century A. D., N'(+C'), 1990, 199. H.&&)d+C P.2'.5.C'C 9. 41.2-3 - P.W. W)&&),(. ),d A.G. O2p1),'d(C (.dC.), Sources for the History of Cyprus: Greek and Latin Texts to the Third Century A.D., N'(+C'), 1990, 200.

Photius Constantinopolitanus 190. 152b - P1+t'uC, Bibliotheque, Tonie III (Codices 186-222), .d't.d ),d t2),C&)t.d by R. H.,2y, C+&&.(t'+, By?),t',., P)2'C, 1962.

Pliny Elder H'Ct+2') N)tu2)&'C 5.130 - P.W. W)&&),(( ),d A.G. O2p1),'d(C (.dC.), Sources for the History of Cyprus: Greek and Latin Texts to the Third Century A.D., N'(+C'), 1990, 140-41.

Plutarch, A,t1+,y - P&ut)2(1, Lives, Volume LX: Demetrius and Antony. Pyrrhus and Gaius Marius, t2),C&)t.d by B. P.22',, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 101, C)mb2'd5., 1920. C)t+ M',+2 34-38 - P&ut)2(1, Lives, Volume VIII: Sertorius and Eumenes. Phocion and Cato the Younger, t2),C&)t.d by B. P.22',, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 100, C)mb2'd5., 1919. L'f. +f T1.C.uC 20.2-4 - P&ut)2(1, Lives, Volume I: Theseus and Romulus. Lycurgus and Numa. Solon and Publicola, t2),C&)t.d by B. P.22',, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 46, C)mb2'd5., 1914. M+2)&') 5.351 -384 - P&ut)2(1, Moralia, Volume V: Isis and Osiris. The E at Delphi. The Oracles at Delphi No Longer Given in Verse. The Obsolescence of Oracles, t2),C&)t.d by F.C. B)bb'tt, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 306, C)mb2'd5., 1936.

Porphyrios D. AbCt',.,t'): 2.54 - P+2p1y2y, On abstinencefrom animalfood, t2),C&)t.d by T. T)y&+2, L+,d+,, 1965.

Stephanus of Byzantium Et1,'(): 380.4-6 - St(p1),' By?),t'', Ethnica. Vblumen III, 2.(.,Cu't, G.2m),'(. v.2t't, )d,+t)t'+,'buC ',d'('buCqu. ',Ct2ux't M. B'&&.2b.(A, B.2&',, 2014.

Strabo G.+52)p1'()& 14.6.1-3, 14.6.5 - St2)b+, Geography, Volume VI: Books 13-14, t2),C&)t.d by H.L. J+,.C, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 223, C)mb2'd5., 1929.

Swctonius D. v't) C)(C)2um T'tuC -Su.t+,'uC, Lives of the Caesars, Volume II: Claudius. Nero. Galba, Otho, and Vitellius. Vespasian. Titus, Domitian. Lives ofIllustrious Men: Grammarians and Rhetoricians. Poets (Terence. Virgil. Horace. Tibullus. Persius. Lucan). Lives of Pliny the Elder and Passienus Crispus, t2),C&)t.d by J.C. R+&f., L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 38, C)mb2'd5., 1914.

Tacitus A,,)&(C 3.62 - T)('tuC, Histories: Books 4-5. Annals: Books 1-3, t2),C&)t.d by C.H. M++2. ),d

76

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J. J)(AC+,, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 249, C)mb2'd5., 1931. H'Ct+2'.C 2. 2-3 - T)('tuC, Histories: Books 1-3, t2),C&)t.d by C.H. M++2., L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 111, C)mb2'd5., 1925.

Talmud K.2't+t 6) - The William Davidson digital edition of the Koren Noe Talmud, >'t1 (+mm.,t)2y by R)bb' Ad', Ev.,-IC2).& St(',C)&t?, >>>.C(f)2').+25.'& .

Virgilius A(,.'d) 1.415-417-V'25'&, Eclogues. Georgies. Aeneid: Books 1-6., t2),C&)t.d by H.R F)'2(&+u51. R.v'C.d by G.P. G++&d, L+.b C&)CC'()& L'b2)2y 63, C)mb2'd5., 1916.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AJA BARIS BCH BSA CCEC JHS JRS OpA2(1 RDAC SIMA ZPE

Am.2'(), J+u2,)& +f A2(1).+&+5y B2't'C1 A2(1).+&+5'()& R.p+2tC I,t.2,)t'+,)& S(2'.C Bu&&.t', d. C+22.Cp+,d),(. H.&&.,'qu. A,,u)& +f t1. B2't'C1 S(1++& )t At1.,C C)1'(2C du C.,t2. d’Etud(C C1yp2'+t.C J+u2,)& +f H.&&.,'( Stud'.C J+u2,)& +f R+m), Stud'.C OpuC(u&) A2(1).+&+5'() R.p+2tC +f t1. D.p)2tm.,t +f A,t'qu't'.C, Cyp2uC Stud'.C ', M.d't.22),.), A2(1).+&+5y Z.'tC(12'ft fu2 P)py2+&+5'. u,d Ep'52)p1'A

77

APPENDIX

APPENDIX T1. &'f.-Cp), +f Cyp2'+t C),(tu)2'.C f2+m t1. Cyp2+-A2(1)'( t+ t1. R+m), p.2'+d. |

N+

S't.

| +, | m)p

1

Cyp2+-A2(1)'( 1 Cyp2+-C&)CC'()&

p.2'+d

1

A(1,) (C+ut1)

2

Am)25.tt'—P.t2+C A,t12+p+C

3

Am)t1+uC-A(2+p+&'C

4

Am)t1+uC-A5+2)

5

Am)t1+uC-A5+2)

6

Am)t1+uC-5)t(

7

A2C+C

8

C1),d2')

9

C1yt2+'-SA)&'

10

G+&5+'-H)5'+C P1+t'+C

II

Id)&'+,-M+utt' t+u A2v'&'

12

Id)&'+,—C'ty C),(tu)2y

13

K.2y,(')-R(5)t'A+,

14

K't'+,

15

K+u2'+,—Ap+&&+ Hy&)t(C

16

L)m)()-S)&',(C

17

L(d2)

18

L(fA+,'A+

p.2'+d

H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d

R+m), p.2'+d

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

78

cont. App.,d'x N+

1 j

- --

S't.

+,

m)p

19

L+u2+dj',)

20

M)&&+u2)

21

N.) P)p1+C P1)b2'()

22

N() P)p1+C-P1),)2'

23

N.) P)p1+C-p+d'um t.mp&.

24

N.) P)p1+C—T+umb)&&+C

25

P)&)'p)p1+C

26

P1)C+u&)—Z.uC L)b2),'+C

27

Py&)—St)v2+C

28

Py2+'-E&')—M)2A+

29

R),t'd'—L',52', t+u D'5.,'

30

R'?+A)2p)CC+ (C1.&+,(C)

31

S)&)m'C—Z.uC T.mp&.

32

S+&+'—A(2+p+&'C

33

S+&+'—C1+&)d(C

34

T)m)CC+C

35

T)m)CC+C

36

V+,'

Cyp2+-A2(1)'(

Cyp2+-C&)CC'()&

p.2'+d

p.2'+d

H.&&.,'Ct'( p.2'+d

R+m), p.2'+d '

PLATES

PLATES

81

P&)t. 1. )) P)&)'p)p1+C S),(tu)2y II. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2; b) P)&)'p)p1+C—S+ut1 Ct+). P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

82

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

P&)t. 2. Am)t1+uC A(2+p+&'C - Ct2u(tu2.C 'mp+2t),t du2',5 2+m), p1)C. (', y.&&+>). P&), b)C.d +, Aup.2t 2000, 60.

PLATES

P&)t. 3. )) P.t2) N)b)t.), ()p't)&. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2; b) Am)t1+uC )(2+p+&'C. A 2.(+,Ct2u(t'+, +f ) m+,um.,t)& Ct+,. v)C.. P1+t+ by A,)Ct)C') YuA+v&.v).

83

84

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

P&)t. 4. T.mp&. +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t.C—2.(+,Ct2u(t'+,. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

PLATES

P&)t. 5. P.t2) t+u R)m,+u—t1. myt1'()& b'2t1p&)(. +f Ap12+d't.. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

85

86

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

P&)t. 6. )) P)&)'p)p1+C. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2; b) A b).ty& f2+m S),(tu)2y II. MuC.um ', K+Au&'). P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2; () V+t)2y m+d.& +f t1. t.mp&. f2+m P)&)'p)p1+C. MuC.um ', K+uAu&'). P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

PLATES

87

88

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

P&)t. 8. )) R.m)',C +f ), )&t)2 ', S),(tu)2y +f Ap+&&+ Hy&)t(C )t K+u2'+,. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2; b) R.m)',C +f R+u,d Bu'&d',5—) p&)(.d >1.2. C)(2.d t2..C p+CC'b&y >.2. p&),t.d. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

PLATES

P&)t. 9. )) S)&t L)A. ,.)2 L)2,)(). P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2; b) K't'+,—K)t1)2'. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

89

90

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

P&)t. 10. A b2+,?. Ct)tu. +f S(pt'm'uC S.v.2 f2+m C1yt2+'. Cyp2uC MuC.um ', N'(+C'). P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

pLATES

92

IN THE SHADOW OF EMPERORS. THE CULT IN ROMAN CYPRUS

P&)t. 12. )) Id)&'+,—Amb.&&.2' 1'&&. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2; b) A m+C)'( +f 2.p2.C.,t)t'+, +f T1.C.uC. V'&&) +f T1.C.uC. N.) P)p1+C. P1+t+ by t1. )ut1+2.

Jagiellonian University Wydawnictwo Alter

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