Illustrations of bamboos in China 9782759827398

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ILLUSTRATIONS OF BAMBOOS IN CHINA Editor-in-Chief JIANG Zehui

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Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief JIANG Zehui Associate Editors FEI Benhua, LU Wenming Board Members JIANG Zehui, FEI Benhua, LU Wenming, YUE Xianghua, TIAN Genlin, WANG Hankun, WU Junqi, JIN Wei, WANG Jian, LI Xiaohua, SUN Wen, WANG Renfei

This book was originally published in Chinese by Science Press, © Science Press, 2020. Printed in France EDP Sciences – ISBN(print): 978-2-7598-2738-1 – ISBN(ebook): 978-2-7598-2739-8 All rights relative to translation, adaptation and reproduction by any means whatsoever are reserved, worldwide. In accordance with the terms of paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 41 of the French Act dated March 11, 1957, “copies or reproductions reserved strictly for private use and not intended for collective use” and, on the other hand, analyses and short quotations for example or illustrative purposes, are allowed. Otherwise, “any representation or reproduction – whether in full or in part – without the consent of the author or of his successors or assigns, is unlawful” (Article 40, paragraph 1). Any representation or reproduction, by any means whatsoever, will therefore be deemed an infringement of copyright punishable under Articles 425 and following of the French Penal Code. The printed edition is not for sale in Chinese mainland. Customers in Chinese mainland please order the print book from Science Press. ISBN of the China edition: Science Press ISBN: 978-7-03-065234-8 © Science Press, EDP Sciences, 2022

Note on the English edition of Illustrations of Bamboos in China

As the first intergovernmental, international organization headquartered in China, the International Bamboo and Rattan Organization (INBAR) has established itself as a leading platform for South-South cooperation on bamboo and rattan resources. Since it was founded in 1997, INBAR has been actively promoting the conservation of bamboo and rattan resources and the sustainable development of bamboo and rattan industries worldwide, in close collaboration with the Chinese government. China is famed as the “kingdom of bamboos”, ranking at the top in the world in terms of bamboo variety, area and stock volume. In this country, the use of bamboo enjoys a long history, laying the foundation for today’s highly-developed bamboo industries, and the Chinese people attach a cultural significance to the plant of bamboo, which could all be a source of inspiration for INBAR’s other member states. In 2020, led by Prof. JIANG Zehui, Co-Chair of INBAR Board of Trustees and Director General of the International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan (ICBR), ICBR’s research team on bamboo germplasm resources produced the Chinese edition of Illustrations of Bamboos in China. The book offers taxonomical knowledge and high-definition images of common bamboo species in China and some introduced species and showcases their characters for classification and identification purposes. The book’s accurate, precise and detailed descriptions, plentiful photographs and hand-drawn, coloured diagrams make it academically, artistically and practically valuable. To serve the purpose of science popularization and present to the world China’s abundant bamboo resources, INBAR is now partnering with ICBR in the publication of the English edition of Illustrations of Bamboos in China and hopes that it could be a useful reference for bamboo taxonomists and bamboo enthusiasts across the world.

International Bamboo and Rattan Organization (INBAR) International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan (ICBR)

Author’s preface

“Of all the plants, there is a group of them called bamboos. They are as fast-growing as grass and as tenacious as trees.” An excerpt from On Painting Bamboos by DAI Kaizhi of the Jin Dynasty

Bamboos belong in the subfamily Bambusoideae of the family Poaceae. They mostly grow in tropical and subtropical zones, particularly in regions where monsoons are very prominent. However, some of the species can be found in temperate and cold zones and high-altitude areas on mountains. Geographically, Asia, Central America and South America enjoy the widest variety of bamboo resources, followed by Africa. In comparison, North America and Oceania have very limited bamboo resources and, in Europe, there exist only some cultivated bamboos and no such plants in the wild. As the environment deteriorates around the globe, there is an urgent need to collect, preserve and identify bamboos. Thus, it is fortunate that people have gradually come to realize the remarkable role bamboos play in adjusting to environmental changes and conserving biodiversity. As a national non-profit research institution whose establishment was jointly approved by China’s State Commission Office of Public Sectors Reform, Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Finance, ICBR has been committed to the collection and preservation of bamboo germplasm resources, the innovative utilization of bamboos and the training of professionals in this field. So far, ICBR has established a germplasm bank for subtropical bamboos in Taiping of Anhui Province, one for tropical bamboos in Sanya of Hainan Province, and another in Qingdao of Shandong Province for temperate bamboos. As work was carried out on the germplasm resources of bamboos, ICBR accumulated a large amount of information on the taxonomical characters of bamboos. After surveying the existing publications on flora, including the illustrated books on flora, we felt the need to produce an illustrated book on bamboos, featuring high-definition photos, to better demonstrate their taxonomical characters. This book is a summary of the work ICBR has conducted, since its founding, on the conservation of bamboo germplasm resources and a report presented to fellow scientists and researchers working in this field. It was composed in remembrance of Prof. PENG Zhenhua, who made tremendous efforts on the conservation of bamboo germplasm resources, and intended as a source of inspiration and encouragement for the young generation of scientists who are now following his steps. We dedicate this book in homage to nature, to generations of bamboo scientists, and to people who love bamboos! VII

Author’s preface

Of all the plants, there is a group of them called bamboos. They are endowed with the strength of trees and the ductility of grass.

Preface

Forest resources form the basis of ecosystems and serve as a source of wealth. Forests provide ecosystem services, benefit the society and offer a variety of goods, playing an essential and prominent role in ecological conservation efforts and the initiative to build a beautiful China. Bamboo forests constitute an important part of forest resources, being a quality type of forests offering ecological, economic and social benefits. As revealed by China’s 9th National Survey of Forest Resources, there are 6,411,600 hm2 of bamboos in China, with Moso bamboos accounting for 4,677,800 hm2 and the other species taking up the rest 1,733,800 hm2.

Driven by the ambition to fully understand bamboos growing in China, generations of scientists working in bamboo taxonomy have made persistent efforts. Publications on this subject began with Flora of China: Vol. 9(1), which was followed by more recent books including Flora of China (in English), Bamboo Species in China, Ornamental Bamboos in China, and The Genus Phyllostachys in China. All these are the fruits of the massive work carried out by plant taxonomists and numerous people working in this field, who have jointly made a significant contribution to bamboo taxonomy in China. Previous publications on bamboos mostly combined extensive descriptions with only supplementary figures. It would be difficult for readers to visualize the verbal descriptions to form a good understanding of the plant they were trying to learn about, particularly for those who lacked knowledge of taxonomy or had little contact with bamboos. During the preliminary preparations for this book, efforts were made to collect high-definition images of the bamboo species to be included, making sure that their original colours and local details were accurately reflected. The figures used in this book put an emphasis on the taxonomic characters in bamboo shoots while also covering the morphological characters of culms, leaves and inflorescences. Descriptions in the Flora of China: Vol. 9(1) formed the basis of the text of this book, which was supplemented by recent studies on bamboo made by other researchers. Your comments and suggestions are most welcome to make up for any omissions or shortcomings this book may have due to the limitations of its editors.

IX

Preface

Found widely across the world, bamboos grow mostly in tropical and subtropical zones, with only part of the species in temperate regions. Over 500 species spanning 39 genera of bamboo can be found growing in China, with most along and to the south of the Yangtze River and a few growing further north to areas around the Qinling Mountains or along the Han River or the Yellow River.

Table of contents

Note on the English edition of Illustrations of Bamboos in China......................

V

Author’s preface......................................................................... VII

Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos 1. Vegetative organs.............................................................. 2 1.1 Rhizomes......................................................................... 2 1.2 Culms.................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 Branching...................................................... 4 1.2.2 Culm colour.................................................. 5 1.2.3 Culm shape................................................... 7 1.3 Shoots............................................................................... 8 1.3.1 Culm sheaths............................................... 8 1.4 Leaves................................................................................ 14 2. Reproductive organs........................................................ 15 2.1 Flowers.............................................................................. 15 2.2 Fruit..................................................................................... 15

Species Descriptions Melocanna........................................................................................ 18 Schizostachyum........................................................................... 20 Pseudostachyum......................................................................... 24 Cephalostachyum....................................................................... 26

Bibliography.................................................................................. 291 Acknowledgements.................................................................. 292 Index of Latin names............................................................ 293

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Table of contents

Preface............................................................................................... IX

Thyrsostachys................................................................................ 30 Bambusa........................................................................................... 34 Neosinocalamus........................................................................... 78 Dendrocalamopsis...................................................................... 85 Dendrocalamus............................................................................. 92 Gigantochloa.................................................................................. 109 Indosasa............................................................................................ 114 Sinobambusa................................................................................. 122 Brachystachyum.......................................................................... 131 Phyllostachys................................................................................. 133 Chimonobambusa....................................................................... 231 Qiongzhuea..................................................................................... 235 Chimonocalamus......................................................................... 238 Acidosasa.......................................................................................... 241 Oligostachyum.............................................................................. 248 Pleioblastus.................................................................................... 257 Bashania........................................................................................... 268 Pseudosasa...................................................................................... 270 Sasa...................................................................................................... 277 Indocalamus.................................................................................. 279 Sasaella.............................................................................................. 284 Hibanobambusa........................................................................... 286 Guadua............................................................................................... 288

Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Taxonomically, bamboos belong to the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. While they share some common features with other plants in this family, they do have their peculiarities. Similar to some other plants, bamboos have vegetative organs, including rhizomes, culms, shoots and leaves, and reproductive organs, including flowers and fruits.

1. Vegetative organs 1.1 Rhizomes

Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

Underground stems of bamboos are commonly known as rhizomes. They are cylindrical and hollow segmented by nodes with internodes in between. Nodes are comprised of rhizome-nodes and sheath-nodes. Rhizome-nodes develop buds and rhizome roots, while sheath-nodes are the remains of sheaths that have fallen off. (Figure 1) Based on their propagation and morphological characteristics, there are three types of rhizome systems: monopodium, sympodium and amphipodium. The type of rhizome system will determine the growth behaviour of the bamboo, as there exist running, clumping and mixed bamboos. (Figures 2-4)

Figure 2 Sympodium Figure 3 Monopodium Figure 4 Amphipodium

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1.2 Culms The part of bamboos growing above ground is known as bamboo culms. Woody or herbaceous, culms are mostly erect, with some being creeping or scandent. As the main part of a bamboo plant, a culm comprises the culm-trunk, culm-base and culm-neck. (Figure 5) Culms have sheath-nodes, where culm sheaths develop, and culm-nodes. In each node, the part between the sheath node and the culm-node is called the intranode. The part spanning from the lower culm-node to the upper sheath-node is called the internode. A diaphragm can be observed between the nodes when the culm is longitudinally dissected. (Figure 6) Internodes are usually shaped terete or sightly compressed. Internode cavity is either hollow with pith closely adnate to the inner wall or is solid and filled with pith. Culm pith varies among different bamboo species, presenting as membranous, woolly, lamellate, etc. (Figures 7-10)

Culm-node Sheath node Culm-trunk

Internode Culm-base Culm-neck Intranode

Figure 5

Figure 8

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Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

Diaphragm

Illustrations of bamboos in China

1.2.1 Branching Culm-buds grow from the intranode. They start to develop into branches when they reach maturity. Branching patterns include one, two, three and multiple branches per node. Culms are usually flattened or slightly flattened and grooved on the side where branching takes place. (Figures 11-14)

Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

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Single branch Two branches Three branches Multiple branches

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1.2.2 Culm colour A young culm is usually green, although possible colours may include yellow, red, etc. Some are green-and-yellow striped and there also exist certain species whose culm colour changes as the culm ages. (Figures 15-22)

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Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

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Figure 20 Figure 19

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1.2.3 Culm shape Bamboo culms usually grow normally, but there are culms and internodes which undergo abnormal development and present morphological variations. Culms as such have a relatively high landscaping and ornamental value. (Figures 23-25)

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Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

1.3 Shoots Shoots are one of bamboo’s vegetative organs. From species to species, bamboo shoots may be vastly or inconspicuously different morphologically. (Figures 26-28)

Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

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1.3.1 Culm sheaths Culm sheaths are also known as shoot shells, acting as a protective cover for the growth of internodes. Once the internode stops growth, the sheath will usually fall off, but it is persistent in some species. The morphology of culm sheaths is important for bamboo taxonomy, key characters being the size, shape, colour and surface of the sheath proper, ligule, blade and auricles. There are abaxial and adaxial sides for culm sheaths. For culm sheaths that are growing normally, their abaxial side can be directly observed, and the adaxial side cannot. (Figures 29-30) Figure 29 The abaxial side Figure 30 The adaxial side

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The sheath proper: The base of the sheath proper grows from the sheath-node. The sheath acts as a protection for the growth of bamboo culms. The surface of the sheath proper varies from species to species and can be thickly leathery, leathery, thickly papery or papery. The colour and the presence of spots, white powder and hair on the abaxial side of the sheath proper show variations in different bamboo species. (Figures 31-35)

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Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

The apex shape of the sheath proper can be truncate, convex or concave. Colour and the presence of hair on the margin of the sheath proper also vary among species. (Figures 36-39)

Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

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The ligule: The characters of the ligule, including its colour, height, lateral breadth, visible edge shape and surface, vary from species to species. Possible visible edge shapes include concave, slightly concave, truncate, nearly truncate, slightly convex and strongly convex. (Figures 40-45)

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Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboosb

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

The blade: The culm sheath blade grows on the tip of the sheath proper, being either deciduous or persistent. The blade varies in shape from species to species, with possible shapes including triangular, narrowly triangular, lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate and lorate. (Figures 46-50) Figure 46 Triangular Figure 47 Narrowly triangular Figure 48 Lanceolate Figure 49 Narrowly lanceolate Figure 50 Lorate

Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

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The base of the blade, where the blade connects with the apex of the sheath proper, can be bell-shaped, tubular or ovoid. (Figures 51-53)

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Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

The blade can be erect, revolute, spreading or rugate. Characters, such as the blade colour and its hairiness on the margin, abaxial and adaxial sides, are also important for bamboo taxonomy. (Figures 54-60)

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Auricles: Auricles occur on each side of the top of the sheath proper. In some species, auricles are an extension of the base of the blade; while in some other species, auricles are absent. For those that have auricles, the size, shape, colour, degree of development, and presence and development degree of oral setae are characters consistent within one bamboo species. (Figures 61-69)

Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

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1.4 Leaves In bamboos, the leaf organ diverges into two types: cauline leaves and branch leaves. Cauline leaves are what are known as culm sheaths, while branch leaves refer to foliage leaves that grow on branches. At the ultimate branches, there grows one or several foliage leaves. When there are multiple leaves at one ultimate branch, they are arranged into two alternating rows. There are variations in the shape and size of leaf blades of different bamboo species. Leaf colour is usually green, yet in some species, leaves have yellow or white stripes.

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2. Reproductive organs 2.1 Flowers

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There are genuine and false inflorescences. Genuine inflorescences refer to semelauctant inflorescences while false inflorescences are iterauctant inflorescences. (Figures 70-75) Figure

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2.2 Fruit The fruit of bamboos is normally a seedlike caryopsis developed from a simple ovary, with its pericarp firmly adherent to seed and rarely free. The morphology and size of the fruit vary from species to species.

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Overview of the Taxonomic Characters of Bamboos

Bamboos seldom flower and have irregular flowering intervals. Their flower structure is basically the same as that of the rest of the plants within the grass family. The inflorescences of bamboo are compound. Spikelets, the basic unit of inflorescences, are aggregated into cylindrical, racemes, spikes, pseudo-panicles, etc.

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Species Descriptions

Melocanna

Melocanna humilis Kurz Culms erect, initially green, slightly white powdery and pubescent, straw-colored and glabrous when old; wall 5–7.5 mm thick; nodal ridge not prominent; sheath scar evident. Culms initially without branches due to persistent culm sheath, branches many on upper part of culms after mature, branches nearly equal in diam. Culm sheaths initially yellow-green, 10–15 cm, apex broadly concave, rigid, leathery, with deciduous, appressed, stiff, short, white hairs; uppermost part inflated; auricles inconspicuous; oral setae well developed; ligule short, serrulate at margin; blade erect, later reflexed, linear-triangular, 10–30 cm, base ca. 2.5 cm wide. This species is cultivated in Guangdong (Guangzhou), Taiwan, Hong Kong, etc. These culms are first class materials for pulping and are split for weaving, and the fruit is edible. Melocanna Melocanna 019

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Schizostachyum

Schizostachyum brachycladum (Kurz) Kurz Culms erect, with green longitudinal stripes between yellow or narrow light yellow stripes between green, white powdery initially, with white powdery ring under node, wall ca. 2-5 mm; the branches are numerous in each node of the stem, similar in thickness to each other. Culm sheaths tardily deciduous, coriaceous, rigid, leathery, abaxial surface densely covered with reddish brown bristles, margin smooth. Auricles inconspicuous, oral setae distinguished, 4-5 mm; ligule 2 mm with smooth surface; blade is ovate triangular, glabrous on the back, pilose on the ventral surface. Leaves sometimes with several yellow white longitudinal stripes, apex acute, base cuneate or botuse, lower surface densely pubescent. This species is introduced and cultivated in Xishuangbanna Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Schizostachyum Schizostachyum 021

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Schizostachyum funghomii McClure Culms erect, apically suberect; internodes terete, scabrous, siliceous, initially often strigose; Nodal ridge flat, shiny; sheath scar slightly raised. Culm sheaths tardily deciduous, strawcolored, white powdery, with stiff, pale yellow hairs, margins glabrous, apex truncate or slightly concave; auricles inconspicuous; oral setae many, brownish yellow, ca. 5 mm; ligule truncate, short, 1–2 mm, glabrous, margin lobed, with fimbriae 3–5 mm; blade linear-lanceolate, less than 1/2 length of sheath, abaxially glabrous, ventral base covered with setae as long as the hair, and the rest strigose. This species is cultivated in the Xijiang River Basin in Guangdong and Guangxi. These culms are used for making paper pulp and are split for weaving. The species can also be grown for ornamental purposes.

Schizostachyum Schizostachyum 022

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Schizostachyum pseudolima McClure

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Schizostachyum Schizostachyum

Culms basally erect or suberect, apically long pendulous or clambering; internodes terete, straight, to 60 cm, basally glossy and glabrous, distally white powdery and stiffly white hairy; wall 1–2 mm thick. Nodal ridge flat; sheath scar protuberant. Culm sheaths tardily deciduous, straw-colored, hard and brittle with longitudinal ribs on the back, silicious, white powdery and stiffly white hairy abaxially, distal margins with cilia 1–2 cm, base without a projection, apex truncate; auricles inconspicuous; oral setae many, 1–1.8 cm; ligule truncate, short, 1–1.5 mm, margin ciliate; blade reflexed, linear-lanceolate, more than 1/2 or 2/3 length of sheath, abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely hirsute, rest siliceous, also somewhat strigose, apex acuminate. The species is found in forests; cultivated near villages, in Hainan. These culms are used for making flutes and walls and are split for weaving.

Pseudostachyum

Pseudostachyum polymorphum Munro Rhizome monopodial. Culms 5–10 m high, 1.2–2 cm in diam.; internodes straight, initially glaucous, with white powdery ring below node; intranode ca. 3 mm. Culm sheaths rather thin, brittle, apex shallowly concave or truncate; auricles absent or very small; oral setae curved; ligule short, ciliate, denticulate; blade broadly to narrowly triangular, with some transverse veinlets, apex obtuse, base widths approximately equal to sheath apex. Rhizome length and diameter are more than 1 m and 1 cm, respectively. The species is found in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, etc. These culms are cut into slices to tie firewood, cut into splits for weaving fences or partition walls. The culm tubes are steamed with glutinous rice, and the fragrance of the bamboo can make the rice taste better. Pseudostachyum Pseudostachyum 025

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Cephalostachyum

Cephalostachyum pergracile Munro Culms erect, apically drooping; color pink green, initially densely appressed setose; pubescence under nodes, wall thin; nodal ridge flat. Culm sheaths tardily deciduous, thick and coriaceous, shorter than internodes, initially abaxial surface densely covered with black bristles, later fall off leaving smooth, densely glossy black-brown setose, longitudinal rib not obvious; auricles rounded or suborbicular, folded, undulate, hirsute near margins, oral setae ca. 1.3 cm, flexture; ligule inconspicuous, ciliate, denticulate; blade reflexed, ovate or cordate-acuminate, ca. 5 cm, articulate with sheath, adaxially densely hairy, two sides of the bottom are connected with auricles. This species is found in the forests in South and Southwest Yunnan Province. Concentrated pure distribution is found in Xishuangbanna, and this species is widely cultivated. The plant can be cultivated for ornamental purposes, and the culm tubes are used for cooking “bamboo tube rice”. Cephalostachyum Cephalostachyum 027

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中国竹类植物图鉴

空竹属

Cephalostachyum

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Cephalostachyum virgatum (Munro) Kurz Culms erect, initially covered with white, appressed setae and powder, becoming smooth and glabrous; wall thin. Culm sheaths deciduous, triangular, thinly leathery to leathery, turns yellow when dried, densely yellow hirsute, oral lightly flat, truncate or thinly concave; auricles conspicuous, oral setae developed; ligule short, fimbriate; blade reflexed or erect, triangular, base broad or slightly contracted, margin slightly curled inward, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxially with appressed bristles. The species is found in Yunnan (Ruili, Mangshi). These culms are suitable for weaving or handicrafts.

Cephalostachyum Cephalostachyum 029

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Thyrsostachys

Thyrsostachys oliveri Gamble

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Thyrsostachys Thyrsostachys

Internodes initially bright green, with white short filiform adnate hairs, becoming dull green. Branches several, main mid-culm ones, slender; bud’s width larger than length. Culm sheaths initially green, becoming orange to brown, tardily deciduous or persistent, abaxially pale brown pubescent, papery, margins ciliate, apex truncate; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule thin, truncate, irregular serrulate at apex; blade shape lanceolate or long subulate, length 8-10 cm, adaxial side covered with hair. Terminal branchlets with 3 or 4 leaves; leaf sheath with white adnexal bristles, margin ciliate; auricles absent; ligule short; leaves 10-20 cm long, 1.2-2 cm wide, lower surface slightly pilose when young; secondary veins 3-5 pairs. Flowers and fruits are not seen. The species originated from Myanmar and Thailand, and is cultivated in India. The species is introduced and cultivated in China’s Yunnan, Fujian, Guangdong, etc.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Thyrsostachys siamensis (Kurz ex Munro) Gamble

Thyrsostachys Thyrsostachys

Culms erect, apically straight or slightly curved, forming very dense single clumps. Nodes pubescent when young; wall thick, almost solid at base; nodal ridge flat; nodes slightly thickened, with a white ring of about 5 mm below. Branches several, main mid-culm ones are not developed; buds’ lengths larger than widths. Culm sheaths persistent for a long time, papery, soft, nearly same length or longer than internodes, appressed pubescent, oral protuberant; ligule very short, apex pubescent; blade erect, long triangular, base ca. 3/4 width of sheath apex, margin slightly involute. The species originated from Myanmar and Thailand, and is cultivated in Malaysia. In China, it is cultivated in Taiwan, Fujian (Xiamen), Guangdong (Guangzhou) and Yunnan, and commonly seen in South and Southwest Yunnan. With straight culms and dense clumps, slender branches and elegant leaves, this species is of a high ornamental value. The shoots are edible.

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Thyrsostachys

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Bambusa

Bambusa albolineata Chia

Bambusa

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Bambusa

Culm wall slightly thin, basal internodes with pale yellow stripes; nodes flat, basal 1st to 4th nodes usually with a ring of gray-white silky hairs above sheath scar. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, rigid, abaxially with yellowwhite stripes, both sides sparsely stiffly dull brown strigose, sparser to nearly absent abaxially, denser adaxially, sheaths on basal 2 nodes densely hairy on lower half, apex slightly asymmetrically arched or undulated; auricles unequal, minutely wrinkled, oral setae only grow near end, short, thick; larger ones oblong or nearly oblanceolate, smaller usually continuous with blade base, oblong-oblanceolate if separated from blade, 1/3–1/2 size of larger one; ligule shortly dentate, very shortly fimbriate; blade erect, asymmetrically ovate to narrowly ovate-triangular, those on lower nodes usually with yellow-white stripes, base slightly rounded and joined to auricles for 4–5 mm, ca. 5/7 width of sheath apex, apex acuminate, apiculate. The species originated from Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang, etc. The species has long internodes, pliable and tough, which makes it a good material for weaving.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa chungii McClure

Bambusa Bambusa

Culms erect, tip slightly curved; internodes initially covered with white powdery, glabrous; sheath scars corky, initially with a downward brown ring of dense bristles below nodes; then gradually glabrous. Culm sheaths deciduous, thinly leathery, after abscission, a narrow cork ring remained in the sheath scar, initially covered with white powdery and sparsely adherent small spines on the back, later the spines fall off, leaving the apex abaxially glabrous, persistent dark pubescence toward base; auricles narrowly oblong, margin with light-colored, long, fine and glossy hair; ligule ca. 1.5 mm, serrulate or long fimbriate; blade is chartreuse, deciduous, strongly reflexed, ovate lanceolate, apex acuminate and margin involute, base round and narrowed inward, abaxially hispidulous, adaxially glabrous and rough. These culms have strong toughness, long internodes, flat nodes, very suitable for weaving fine handicrafts and bamboo ropes and for making paper. The species is also planted for ornamental purposes because of the moderate density of its clumps and its graceful shape.

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Bambusa

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa chungii McClure var. velutina Yi et J. Y. Shi The only difference of this species with Bambusa chungii McClure is that the lower internodes on the young culms are densely covered with purple black to brownish black thick layer of short villi and small bristles, except for the inner internodes and the ring under the internodes. Hairs on the internodes above the middle culm become sparse yellowish brown or yellowish small spines, after abscission, the tumor bases are conspicuous and markedly rough. This species is specially produced in Hua’an Bamboo Garden in Fujian. Shooting occurs in June. The young culms have beautiful fluff like those of black swan, with a circle of ash powder at the top and bottom of each node, therefore, the species has a high ornamental value.

Bambusa

Bambusa

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Bambusa corniculata Chia

Bambusa

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Bambusa Bambusa

Culms apically drooping, basally slightly flexuose, initially covered with white wax powder; internodes at base markedly shorter, usually flat and shallowly grooved above branches, initially covered by sparse, deciduous adnexal bristles; wall thick; basal nodes with rings of gray-white silky hairs below and above sheath scar and with short aerial roots; branching from 2nd or 3rd node up. Branches solitary on lower nodes, lower branchlets usually shortened into weak, curved thorns, 3 to several per node at mid-culm with primary dominant. Culm sheaths deciduous, glabrous, apex subtruncate, with a triangular protuberance on one shoulder; auricles unequal, larger auricle to 3 × size of smaller one, oblong or elliptic, ca. 8 mm; oral setae ca. 1 cm, undulate; ligule ca. 3 mm, shortly fimbriate, densely strigose; blade erect, triangular or narrowly ovate, base 4/5 width of sheath apex. This species is originally found in Guangxi.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa diaoluoshanensis Chia

Bambusa

Bambusa

Culms apically pendulous, basally slightly flexuose; internodes initially covered by sparse or dense stiffly brown strigose; after abscission, there are small dents on the surface of culms; wall thick; lower nodes with rings of stiff, pale brown hairs and white powder below sheath scar, basal ca. 3 nodes also with a ring of gray-white silky hairs and sometimes aerial roots above sheath scar; branching from base. Branches solitary at basal ca. 3 nodes, 3 on mid-culm, many on upper culms with primary dominant; branchlets of lower branches sometimes shortened into weak thorns. Culm sheaths deciduous, stiffly dark brown hairy, adaxially glabrous, apex asymmetrical, broadly arched; auricles extremely unequal; larger auricle to 4 × size of smaller one, narrowly oblong, oral setae fine, densely undulate; smaller auricle subelliptic, usually covered or pressed against base of blade; oral setae undulate; ligule ca. 3 mm, finely dentate, shortly fimbriate; blade erect, narrowly triangular, base rounded, to 8/9 width of sheath apex. These culms are hard with thick, even wall, making the species suitable for trellises, agriculture tool handles, etc.

040

40

Bambusa dissimulator McClure var. Albinodia McClure Lower culm internodes with a ring of gray silky hairs below and above sheath scar. The species is usually cultivated around villages. It is found in Guangdong and occasionally cultivated in Hong Kong. The bamboo can be used for making trellises, supporting poles for agricultural purposes, etc.

Bambusa

Bambusa

041

41

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa distegia (Keng et Keng f.) Chia

Bambusa

Bambusa

Culms erect, tip arched but not pendulous; internodes tube-shaped, initially white powdery, hairy, later concavely tuberculate; sheath scars corky, initially with a ring of downward, dense, brown hairs, which fall-off when the sheath is released, leaving a cork, glabrous sheath scar. Nodal ridge inconspicuous, dark colored; branches many from distal nodes, top internodes often exceed semicirculars and may rebranch; internodes are glabrous and glossy. Culm sheaths ca. 1/2 as long as internodes or less, leathery, wide oblong, margin glabrous, initially minutely golden or brown hispid (only the triangular area covered in the inner sheath base is glabrous), initially with abaxially dense striated ash powder between the spines, adaxially glabrous and glossy; oral truncate, shoulders truncate; auricles minute, slightly on top of the shoulders; oral setae white; ligule serrulate, each serration extend into a deciduous hair, length about 3mm; blade reflexed or horizontal, triangle or lanceolate, apex acuminate, margin involute and conic, base rounded and narrowed inward, the part attached to the sheath apex is very narrow, abaxially with longitudinal veins, glabrous but felt rough when touch, adaxially hispidulous between longitudinal veins and the two edges. The species is a good material for weaving.

042

42

Bambusa dolichoclada Hayata

Bambusa

043

43

Bambusa

Culms 10–15 m, 4.5–8 cm in diam., basally erect, apically slightly drooping; internodes 30–45 cm, initially thinly white powdery, glabrous; wall slightly thick; nodes flat, lower nodes with rings of gray-white silky hairs; branching from basal node up. Branches 3 to many per node, central 3 dominant, main branch thick and long. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, thinly white powdery, densely shortly stiffly brown hairy around apex and upper parts of both sides, apex slightly slanted along one side and slightly asymmetrical, broadly arched, sometimes subtruncate; auricles usually slightly wrinkled with obtuse ends, obviously unequal, oral setae densely undulate; larger auricle oblong or narrowly ovate, 2–2.5 × 0.8–1 cm, smaller auricle ovate or elliptic, to 1/3 size of larger one; oral setae undulate, densely covering margins and adaxial surface; ligule slightly dentate, fringed with hairs ca. 5 mm; blade deciduous, erect, asymmetrically ovate-triangular, base slightly narrowed and then joined with auricles for 3–5 mm, nearly 2/3 width of sheath apex, abaxially sparsely stiffly dull brown hairy, adaxially densely stiffly pale brown hairy between veins, apex acuminate, apiculate. The species is found in Fujian and Taiwan. These culms are used for construction and furniture, or sliced for weaving agriculture tools.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa eutuldoides McClure var. basistriata McClure Base internodes and abaxial surface of culm sheaths green, with yellow-white stripes. Larger culm sheath auricles strongly wrinkled. The species is often cultivated in gardens for ornamental purposes.

Bambusa Bambusa 044

44

Bambusa eutuldoides McClure var. viridivittata (W. T. Lin) Chia Culm internodes yellow, with green stripes. Culm sheaths initially green, with yellow stripes. Larger culm sheath auricles shorter, strongly wrinkled. The species is found in Guangdong; introduced and cultivated in Sichuan, Fujian, etc. With its striking-colored culms, the species is often used in horticulture for its ornamental values.

Bambusa

Bambusa

045

45

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa gibba McClure Culms basally flexuose, apically suberect; internodes inflated near base, initially white powdery, basal internodes initially sparsely stiffly graywhite or brown strigose, gradually extended and fall off; nodes slightly raised, glabrous. Branches usually 3 at lower nodes with branchlets sometimes specialized into weak thorns; several on middle and upper nodes, main branches are thick and long. Culm sheaths deciduous, ribbed-striate when dry, abaxially glabrous, adaxially slightly glossy, apex obliquely truncate, with a triangular protuberance on higher shoulder; auricles obviously unequal, sometimes weak; oral setae fine, densely undulate; larger auricle ovate-lanceolate or narrowly oblong; smaller auricle ovate or elliptic; ligule arched, finely dentate and fimbriate; blade deciduous, erect, narrowly triangular, base not narrowed, its two sides are straight downward and nearly perpendicular to the base.

Bambusa Bambusa 046

46

Bambusa indigena Chia et H. L. Fung

Bambusa

047

47

Bambusa

Culms apically slightly drooping, basally slightly flexuose; internodes slightly curved, initially thinly white powdery, sparsely stiffly white strigose; wall thick; nodes slightly geniculate, each with a persistent ring of deciduous, stiff, brown hairs, lower ones with a ring of gray-white silky hairs below and above sheath scar, short aerial roots on the first node of the base. Dominant branches longer and thicker, branchlets on lower nodes usually specialized into a few weak thorns. Culm sheaths deciduous, thick, leathery, longitudinal ribs protruded significantly when dried, with 1 very narrow pale yellow stripe near outer margin, usually glabrous or with dark brown hairs near base, apex slightly asymmetrical, broadly arched; auricles small, unequal; oral setae fine, densely undulate; larger auricle elliptic or suboblong; smaller auricle contiguous with blade, subelliptic, ca. 1/3 size of larger one; oral setae slender, undulate; ligule sparsely dentate or shortly fimbriate; blade erect, asymmetrical, triangular or narrowly triangular, base to 9/10 width of sheath apex. The species is found in Guangdong.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa intermedia Hsueh et Yi

Bambusa

Bambusa

Culms erect, apically straight; internodes cylindric, initially deep green, sometimes with purplish brown longitudinal stripes, thinly white powdery, sparsely deciduously white hairy; wall thick; nodes flat; nodal ridge raised, pilose, often with sheath residue; inner nodes with white tomentose; branching from basal nodes up. Branches many, main mid-culm branch thick and long. Culm sheaths deciduous, ca. shorter than internodes, abaxially with yellow and brown hairs, apex truncate or slightly concave; auricles small; oral setae many; ligule sparsely dentate and fimbriate, hair length 5-15 cm ligule fimbriate; blade reflexed or erected, ovate lanceolate, abaxially glabrous, base contracted round, ca. 1/3 as wide as sheath apex, adaxially longitudinal veins densely covered with micro hairs and small spines. The species has a thick culm wall, can be sliced for weaving and makes a good material for construction.

048

48

Bambusa lapidea McClure

Bambusa

049

49

Bambusa

Culms basally straight, apically slightly drooping; internodes obviously shorter and slightly swollen near base and sometimes inconspicuously pale green striped and purple streaked, glabrous; nodes with a ring of gray-white silky hairs below and above sheath scar, several basal nodes usually with short aerial roots, lower ones with a ring of silky hairs above sheath scar; branching from basal 3rd or 4th node up. Branches usually several to many, clustered at mid-culm and basal nodes, central 3 codominant; branchlets usually specialized into weak or tough thorns. Culm sheaths tardily deciduous, leathery, glossy when fresh, ribbed-­ striate when dry, glabrous or stiffly hairy at basal margins only, olive green with purple stripes, apex subtruncate or slightly asymmetrical, arched; auricles undulate, wrinkled, inflated outward, abaxially densely hispidulous or subglabrous, adaxially with crude bristles or long bristles, oral setae densely hirsute, unequal; larger auricle slightly decurrent, oblong to oblanceolate; small ones oblong or ovate; ligule 4–5 mm, margin nearly entire and densely fimbriate; blade persistent, erect, inflated outward, ovate to oval, base slightly narrowed and then extended toward both sides and joined to auricles, apex abruptly acuminate, sharply tipped. The species is found in Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan. These culms are thick, hard and tough, and are used for making trellises, poles, fishing gears and farming tools.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa longispiculata Gamble

Bambusa

Bambusa

Culms basally slightly flexuose, apically erect or slightly drooping; internodes initially thinly white powdery, glabrous, lower ones with yellowgreen or pale green stripes; wall thick; nodes flat, lower ones with a ring of gray-white silky hairs below and above sheath scar, basal 1 to 3 nodes with short aerial roots; branching from 3rd or 4th node up. Branches several to many per node with central dominant. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, yellow green stripe when fresh, ribbed-striate when dry, glabrous, margins densely ciliate, apex slightly asymmetrical, broadly arched; auricles unequal, undulate, wrinkled, on both sides of the sheath tip, oral setae fine, densely undulate; larger auricle slightly slanted downward, adaxially hispid, with a few curved hairs attached, oblong, ends subrounded; smaller auricle suborbicular, ca. 1/2 size of larger; ligule margin irregular, finely dentate and laciniate, densely ciliolate; blade erect, slightly asymmetrical, ovate-­ triangular, adaxially with dense brown bristles along veins at lower part, upper part hispid, apex acuminate with stiff tip, base slightly rounded, then extending outward and joined with auricles. The species is native to India, and cultivated in China’s Guangdong and Fujian. These culms are hard and thick and can be used for making farm tools, poles and trellises.

050

50

Bambusa

051

51

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa macrotis Chia et H. L. Fung

Bambusa Bambusa

Culms basally slightly flexuose, apically drooping; internodes glabrous; wall slightly thick; lower nodes usually with a ring of gray-white silky hairs above sheath scar; branching to base, lower branches usually spiny. Culm sheaths rather tardily deciduous, glabrous, apex slightly asymmetrical, broadly arched; auricles unequal, strongly wrinkled, oral setae undulate; larger auricle ovate-elliptic, smaller auricle elliptic; the size ratio of larger and small auricles is 1.5 : 1; ligule dentate with ca. 2 mm fimbriae; blade erect, narrowly ovate to ovate-triangular, base nearly 1/2 as wide as sheath apex. The species is found in Guangdong. The species can be cultivated as a fence.

052

52

Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel ex J. A. et J. H. Schult. Culms suberect or apically slightly drooping, lower part straight and green in color; internodes initially thinly white powdery, distally stiffly deciduously brown or dull brown hairy, especially densely so below nodes, glabrous when old; wall usually rather thin; nodes slightly prominent, glabrous. Branches several to many, clustered, subequal or central slightly dominant. Culm sheaths deciduous, trapezoid, initially thinly white powdery, glabrous, asymmetrically arched, apex slanted along outer side; auricles very small to inconspicuous, oral setae few; ligule irregularly dentate; blade deciduous, erect, narrowly triangular, base nearly as wide as sheath apex, abaxially with scattered, stiff, dull brown hairs, adaxially scabrous, apex acuminate. The species is mostly cultivated as hedgerows or for ornamental purposes. Bambusa

Bambusa

053

53

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel ex J. A. et J. H. Schult. f. stripestem-fernleaf (R. A. Young) T. P. Yi What is different from Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel ex J. A. et J. H. Schult. is: Culms and internodes are yellow, with green longitudinal stripes. Culm sheaths green when fresh, with yellow white longitudinal stripes. Culms and branches are bright in color, like gold with jade. The species is usually cultivated in gardens for ornamental purposes.

Bambusa Bambusa 054

54

Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel ex J. A. et J. H. Schult. f. fernleaf (R. A. Young) T. P. Yi This cultivar is similar to Bambusa multiplex var. riviereorum R. Maire, but the plant is tall, 3-6 m, culm hollow, small branches slightly bent down, with 9-13 leaves, 3.3-6.5 cm in length and 4-7 mm in width. The cultivar is native to China, cultivated in South China, East China, Southwest China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. This is mostly cultivated as hedgerows or for ornamental purposes.

Bambusa

Bambusa

055

55

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel ex J. A. et J. H. Schult. f. silverstripe (R. A. Young) T. P. Yi The difference with the original variety is that the basal internodes, culm sheaths and a small number of leaves are all green with white longitudinal stripes. This is usually cultivated in gardens for ornamental purposes.

Bambusa

Bambusa

056

56

Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel ex J. A. et J. H. Schult. var. riviereorum R. Maire The differences with Bambusa multi­ plex (Lour.) Raeuschel ex J. A. et J. H. Schult. are: Culms solid, ultimate branches with 13-23 leaves, branches usually bent downward, bow shaped; blades small. This is often cultivated in gardens as hedgerows, or potted for ornamental purposes.

簕竹属

Bambusa Bambusa 057

57

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa pervariabilis McClure Culms basally straight, apex suberect; internodes straight, basal internodes with yellowgreen stripes, initially thinly white powdery or strigose, glabrous when old, wall thick; nodes slightly prominent, basal nodes with rings of gray-white silky hairs below and above sheath scar. Branches several to many, clustered, with central 3 dominant. Culm sheaths deciduous, initially with yellow-green stripes, ribbed-striate when dry, thinly leathery, abaxially glabrous or sometimes strigose, apex slanted downwards and is inclined to the outward, asymmetrically arched; auricles unequal, undulate, wrinkled; oral setae fine, undulate; larger auricle slanted along 1/6–1/5 of sheath margin, obovate-oblong to oblanceolate, attenuate; smaller auricle suborbicular or elliptic; ligule apex irregularly dentate or sometimes laciniate, shortly fimbriate; blade deciduous, erect, nearly symmetrical, initially abaxially yellow-green striped, with sparse deciduous brown appressed bristles, narrowly ovate-acuminate, apex sharp with stiff tip, base rounded and then extending outward and joined with auricles. These culms are solid and straight and can be used for scaffoldings, vaulting poles, shoulder poles, farm tools, or to make furniture and weaving products.

Bambusa

Bambusa

058

58

Bambusa pervariabilis McClure var. viridistriata Q. H. Dai et X. C. Liu The differences from Bambusa pervariabilis McClure are: All internodes of culms and branches yellow, with green stripes. This variety is cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Bambusa

Bambusa

059

59

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa prominens H. L. Fung et C. Y. Sia

Bambusa

Bambusa

Culms basally slightly flexuose, apically drooping; internodes usually grooved above branches, initially white powdery, glabrous; wall thick; basal nodes with rings of pale brown silky hairs below and above sheath scar and with short aerial roots, with a ring of stiff, dull brown hairs shortly after falling of sheaths; branching from base. Branches many, clustered, central dominant; branchlets of lower branches sometimes shortened into weak thorns. Culm sheaths tardily deciduous, stiffly dull brown strigose near basal margin, apex symmetrical, broadly arched, with a triangular protuberance on one shoulder; auricles unequal, larger auricle to 2 × size of smaller one, oblong; oral setae undulate; ligule fimbriate; blade persistent, erect, subtriangular, base slightly rounded, narrowed towards tip, margin ciliated.

060

60

Bambusa rigida Keng et Keng f. Culms basally upright, apically slightly arched; internodes initially thinly white powdery, glabrous; nodes slightly prominent, sometimes basal node with a ring of gray-white silky hairs above sheath scar. Branches several to many, clustered, central dominant. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, basally stiffly deciduously dull brown strigose on inner margin, glabrous when old, apex slanted outward and slightly asymmetrical, broadly arched; auricles deep brown, unequal, slightly wrinkled, dark brown, oral setae long, undulate; larger auricle usually ovate, those on upper culms nearly oblong or lanceolate; smaller auricle ovate or suborbicular, ca. 2/3 size of larger one; ligule laciniate, fringed, denticulate or erosive after abscission; blade deciduous, erect, nearly symmetrical, ovate-triangular to ovate-­lanceolate, base rounded and extending outward to join auricles 3-4 mm, nearly 2/5 width of sheath apex, abaxially very sparsely stiffly brown hairy, adaxially densely stiffly brown hairy near base, distally scabrid, apex acuminate, apiculate. Bambusa

Bambusa

061

61

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa sinospinosa McClure Culms apically slightly drooping; internodes mainly glabrous but with a ring of gray silky hairs below basal 1 or 2 nodes; nodes slightly prominent, with a temperate ring of dense, dark brown bristle on sheath scar after abscission of the sheath; branching from basal or 2nd nodes up. Branches usually solitary at lower nodes, downward arched, branchlets most shortened to tough thorns; branchlets interwoven; branches clustered, 3 to several above lower nodes. Culm sheaths tardily deciduous, leathery, ribbed-striate when dry, densely stiffly dark brown hairy toward base, apex subtruncate; auricles usually reflexed, oblong to obovate, subequal, rugose, adaxially densely strigose, margin with undulate or erect setae; ligule dentate, fimbriate; blade erect or recurved, ovate. These culms are bulky and straight and are usually used to construct thatched cottages or the water container of waterwheels.

Bambusa

Bambusa

062

62

Bambusa

063

63

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa subaequalis H. L. Fung Culms basally straight, apically drooping; internodes initially thinly white powdery, glabrous; wall rather thick; nodes glabrous; branching to base. Branches 1–3 on lower nodes, nearly horizontal; branchlets on lower nodes usually specialized into weak thorns, on middle and upper nodes many, clustered. Culm sheaths deciduous, usually with 1 or 2 pale yellow-green stripes near outer margin, glabrous, apex somewhat broadly triangular or broadly arched; auricles inconspicuous, usually joined to base of blade; ligule margin finely ciliate; blade persistent, erect, subtriangular, base nearly as wide as sheath apex, extending outward to form inconspicuous auricles, margin involute, apex sharp.

Bambusa

Bambusa

064

64

Bambusa subtruncata Chia et H. L. Fung Culms basally nearly straight, apically slightly drooping; internodes 25–30 cm, initially thinly white powdery, several lower internodes striped yellow-green, glabrous; wall thick; nodes slightly prominent; basal ca. 3 nodes with rings of graywhite silky hairs below and above sheath scars; usually branching from 3rd or 4th node up. Branches many, clustered, nearly horizontal, central dominant. Culm sheaths deciduous, initially yellowgreen striped, glabrous or with stiff, brown hairs near inner margin and base, adaxially glossy, apex subtruncate; auricles unequal, broadly elliptic or elliptic, wrinkled; oral setae undulate; ligule margin ciliate; blade deciduous, erect, triangular to narrowly triangular, base slightly rounded extending outward to join auricles.

Bambusa

Bambusa

065

65

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa surrecta (Q. H. Dai) Q. H. Dai Culms erect or suberect, apically drooping; internodes cylindrical, sparsely glaucous-hairy; nodes flat; sheath scars with a densely strigose ring. Branches many, clustered, central branches slightly dominant. Culm sheaths deciduous, rectangular, thickly leathery, densely hispid, apex truncate, slightly concave; auricles narrowly ovate; oral setae grey or brown, recurved; ligule fimbriate; blade erect, ovate-­lanceolate, apex acuminate, base truncate, margin involution, abaxially glabrous, adaxially with upward needlelike bristles in-between veins. These culms are very good for weaving, as slices are tough and strong, dry resistant and humidity resistant.

Bambusa

Bambusa

066

66

Bambusa textilis McClure Culms apically slightly drooping, basally straight; internodes green, initially thinly white powdery, ± stiffly pale brown hairy, glabrous when old; wall thin; nodes flat, glabrous; branches many, clustered, central branches slightly dominant. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, rigid, slightly glossy, basally stiffly dull brown strigose, apex slightly slanted and asymmetrical, broadly arched; auricles small, unequal, ends not decurrent, larger one narrowly oblong to lanceolate, slightly slanted, smaller one oblong, not slanted, ca. 1/2 size of larger one; oral setae slender, undulate; ligule dentate or sometimes laciniate, ciliolate; blade deciduous, erect, narrowly ovate-triangular, abaxially sometimes stiffly hairy between veins or glabrous, hispid, basally sparsely dull brown hairy, adaxially scabrid, apex is involuted into a subulate stiff tip, base slightly cordate, narrowed. The culms are excellent materials for weaving. Bambusa

Bambusa

067

67

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa textilis McClure var. glabra McClure The differences from Bambusa textilis McClure are: Culms, internodes and sheaths glabrous. Culm sheath blade nearly 1/2 as long as sheath proper, base slightly rounded; ligule 1–1.5 mm.

Bambusa

Bambusa

068

68

Bambusa textilis McClure var. gracilis McClure The differences from Bambusa texti­ lis McClure are: Culms slender, less than 3 cm in diam.; culm sheath with sparse, stiff, dull brown hairs near both sides and base; blade to 1/2 as long as sheath proper, base slightly rounded; ligule ca. 1 mm. These culms are slender, apically slightly drooping, looking elegant and emerald green. The species is usually used for ornamental purposes.

Bambusa

Bambusa

069

69

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa textilis McClure f. purpureascens (N. H. Xia) T. P. Yi The phytome of this cultivar is very similar to that of Bambusa textilis McClure, the difference is that the internodes have purplish red longitudinal stripes. The cultivar can be cultivated in gardens for ornamental purposes.

Bambusa

Bambusa

070

70

Bambusa tulda Roxb.

Bambusa

071

71

Bambusa

Culms apically slightly arched, basally straight; internodes initially white powdery; wall very thick; nodes not prominent, basal nodes with a ring of gray-white silky hairs above sheath scar, with short aerial roots. Branches many, clustered, central dominant, branches on middle nodes nearly horizontal. Culm sheaths deciduous, thick leathery, initially white powdery, densely stiffly dull brown strigose, apex asymmetrically wide triangular convex, top round arched, margin ciliate; auricles conspicuously unequal, large ones slanted downward along sheath margin, slanted length can reach 1/3 of the sheath length, long kidney shaped or obovate lanceolate, undulate, wrinkled; oral setae long, undulate; ligule entire glabrous, or shortly fimbriate; blade erect, slightly asymmetrical, broadly triangular, abaxially glabrous, adaxially hispid or scabrous, base slightly cordate or rounded, narrowed and joined to auricles, margin near base undulate fimbriate.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa tuldoides Munro f. swolleninternode (N. H. Xia) T. P. Yi Internodes at base extremely shortened, base swollen. The species is mainly used for ornamental purposes and greening.

Bambusa

Bambusa

072

72

Bambusa ventricosa McClure

073

73

Bambusa Bambusa

Internodes shortened, basally slightly swollen; lower nodes with rings of gray-white silky hairs below and above sheath scar; branches only on upper nodes, usually solitary, without thorns. Culm sheaths deciduous, abaxially glabrous, obviously ribbed-striate when dry, apex nearly symmetric wide arched or subtruncate; auricles unequal, large ones narrowly ovate or ovate lanceolate, small ones ovate; oral setae curved; ligule very shortly finely fimbriate; blade deciduous, erect or recurved, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, base slightly narrowed, cordate, slightly narrower than sheath apex. The species is widely cultivated as an ornamental potted plant, and artificial top cutting cultivation is applied to form abnormal plants for ornamental purposes; when planted on the ground, tall clumps are formed, with occasionally a few abnormal culms growing among normal culms.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa vulgaris Schrader McClure ‘Wamin’ Culms green, basally internodes extremely shortened; internodes base swollen. They make fine ornamental species.

Bambusa

Bambusa

074

74

Bambusa vulgaris Schrader f. vittata (Riviere & C. Riviere) T. P. Yi Culms yellow, internodes normal, but with wide and narrow green longitudinal stripes; culm sheaths initially green, with wide and narrow yellow longitudinal stripes. This fine greening species is mainly cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Bambusa

Bambusa

075

75

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Bambusa wenchouensis (Wen) Q. H. Dai Culms apically slightly bent; internodes terete, initially pubescent; wall 1.6–2 cm thick; nodes flat, inner nodes tomentose, later glabrous, nodal ridge inconspicuous; sheath scar prominent, with 15 mm wide sheath residue; branching from base. Branches many, clustered, central dominant. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, initially greyish green, abaxially with brown bristles, apex slightly concave; auricles long and narrow, lying on both shoulders of sheath; oral setae brown, ca. 5 mm; ligule ca. 2 mm, undulate, apex serrulate, margin glabrous or ciliate; blade strongly reflexed, lanceolate, apex acuminate, base ca. 1/3 as wide as sheath apex, narrowed to obtuse circle, both strigose and pubescent, with bristles in-between longitudinal veins, margin ciliate. The species is found in Fujian and Zhejiang. These culms can be used for weaving.

Bambusa

Bambusa

076

76

Bambusa xiashanensis Chia et H. L. Fung

Bambusa

077

77

Bambusa

Culms basally slightly flexuose, apically slightly drooping; internodes usually grooved above branches, glabrous; wall thick; nodes usually with a persistent ring of stiff, gray-white hairs, basal ca. 4 nodes with a ring of gray-white silky hairs below and above sheath scar, basal node sometimes with short aerial roots; branching from base. Branches solitary on basal 2 nodes, 3 to many on other nodes with primary dominant; dominant branches usually inflated at base and flexuose, lower branchlets sometimes shortened into weak thorns. Culm sheaths deciduous, apex slightly asymmetrical, broadly arched, stiffly dark brown strigose near central base, abaxially slightly glabrous; auricles unequal, larger auricle to 1.5 × size of smaller one, ascending, broadly elliptic; oral setae undulate; ligule dentate, shortly fimbriate; blade erect, triangular to ovate-triangular.

Neosinocalamus

Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng f.

079

79

Neosinocalamus Neosinocalamus

Culms apically long pendulous or initially drooping like a fishing line; internodes cylindrical, initially stiffly pale brown strigose; wall thin; after abscission, leaving small dents or nodes on the internodes; nodes flat; sheath scar conspicuous. Basal several nodes with silver white pubescence above and below sheath scar; sheath scars on upper nodes without pubescence, or slightly pubescent around culm buds. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, abaxially with pale pubescent and dark brown spinous-hairy, adaxially glabrous, due to tight bounding of the upper and lower sheaths at young age, the upper part of adaxial surface also be stained with bristles on the abaxial side; oral broad and concave, slightly protuberant; auricles minute or absent; ligule fimbriate, with sparse brown bristles close at base; blade both surfaces hispid, with many veins, apically acuminate, base narrower inward, slightly round, 1/3–1/2 as wide as sheath apex, margin hispid, involute like a boat.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng f.‘Chrysotrichus’ This cultivar’s difference from Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng f. is that initially culm internodes are covered by dense rust colored bristles, pubescent in between bristles.

Neosinocalamus Neosinocalamus 080

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Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng f. ‘Flavidorivens’ This cultivar’s difference from Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng f. is that its culm internodes are faint yellow, with several dark green longitudinal stripes starting from sheath scar upwards, and run through the whole internodes. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Neosinocalamus Neosinocalamus 081

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Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng f. ‘Viridiflavus’ This cultivar’s difference from Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng f. is that its culm internodes are dark green, only at culm buds (or if there are branches, at the branching side) with a few very narrow faint yellow longitudinal stripes stretching upwards, the length run through the whole internode. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Neosinocalamus Neosinocalamus 083

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Neosinocalamus

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Dendrocalamopsis

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Dendrocalamopsis beecheyana (Munro) Keng f. Culms apically pendulous or long pendulous; internodes initially thickly white powdery, sparsely pubescent, lately gradually glabrous. Culm sheaths large-sized, deciduous, nearly leathery, shoulders slightly broad and round, shrink upward into a very narrow truncated or slightly concave tip, oral slightly protuberant at center, abaxially with appressed uneven dark brown bristles, which grow denser when nearer to the base; auricles small at lower nodes, larger at distal nodes, narrow oblong, one end is almost connected with ligule at the sheath top; oral setae densely ciliate or absent; ligule conspicuously extended, slightly truncate, higher at both sides, margin deeply dented; blade ovate-lanceolate, erect or reflected, abaxially glabrous, adaxially longitudinally hirtellous.

Dendrocalamopsis Dendrocalamopsis 086

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Dendrocalamopsis beecheyana (Munro) Keng f. var. pubescens (P. F. Li) Keng f.

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Dendrocalamopsis Dendrocalamopsis

Culms initially with while powdery, culm color turns dark green and usually with orange red when grown, slightly flexuous at middle nodes, basal nodes comparatively short, initially densely ciliate; nodes prominent, inner nodes usually with a ring of dense, white or brown pubescence. Culm sheath top deeply concave, shoulders broad and round, abaxially with bristles; auricles minimum, oral setae several, inconspicuously ciliate; ligule finely dented at upper margin; blade apparently shorter than sheath, base narrow inward rather extensively. Branching from lower nodes, usually from third node above ground. The shoots are edible.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Dendrocalamopsis bicicatricata (W. T. Lin) Keng f.

Dendrocalamopsis Dendrocalamopsis

Culms nearly erect, slightly tilt or curved; internodes fall into two types, type one: basal internodes normally 10-15 cm above ground, on abnormal culms very short, ca. 1 cm; sheath scar prominent while sheath scar inconspicuous, inner nodes with dense, appressed grey white pubescence, and many budding eyes in a circle; type two has normal internodes, ca. 20-36 cm, cylindrical shape, glabrous or nearly glabrous, usually green, inner nodes at basal part with grey white pubescence, other inner nodes glabrous. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, top narrow, shoulders broad and round, abaxially with sparse deciduous dark brown bristle; auricles small, oblong, nearly equal, brittle and deciduous, margin ciliate; ligule both sides truncate, serrulate; blade recurved or reflexed, ovate-lanceolate, base narrow inward, about 1/2 as wide as sheath apex. This species is native to Hainan; introduced and cultivated in Fujian. The shoots are edible.

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Dendrocalamopsis daii Keng Culms apically recurved; basal internodes slightly swollen, initially covered with sparse deciduous needlelike bristle; nodes slightly prominent, with culm buds. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, shoulders broad and round, initially with dark brown, spiny hairs, glabrous after abscission; auricles reflexed, linear, small; ligule serrulate, both sides extend upward to form a triangle tip; blade recurved, occasionally erect, ovate to lanceolate, apex acuminate, base narrowed inward, abaxially glabrous, adaxially covered by upward bristles. These culms are hard and the shoots are delicious.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii (Munro) Keng Culms initially white powdery, lately green or dark green; internodes cylindrical, normally neighboring internodes slightly flexuose, glabrous; Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, top nearly truncate, abaxially glabrous or dark brown spinous-hairy, margin glabrous or distally ciliate; auricles nearly equal, elliptic or suborbicular, margin ciliate; ligule subentire or entire, serrulate; blade erect, triangle or narrow triangle, apex acuminate and long, base truncate and narrow inward, base ca. 1/2 as wide as sheath apex. Branching high. These culms can be used for construction, woven tools and are also good materials for pulp and paper making. The shoots are delicious and slender; they can be processed into baked shoots or canned shoots.

Dendrocalamopsis Dendrocalamopsis 090

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Dendrocalamopsis stenoaurita (W. T. Lin) Keng Culms, erect or nearly erect, apically pendulous; internodes cylindrical, bright green, glabrous; nodal ridge flat; sheath scar slightly prominent, basal several inner nodes usually greyish white powdery. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, initially brown spiny-strigose, sometimes dense, sometimes sparse; auricles more or less reflexed, linear, narrow and long, recumbent on both shoulders at top, wrinkled; oral setae undeveloped; ligule serrulate; blade lanceolate or ovate-­ lanceolate, apex acuminate, base sides narrow inward, recurved or reflexed, easily detached from sheath. Branches several from middle nodes of culms, central slightly dominant. These shoots and leaves are delicious as food.

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Dendrocalamus

Dendrocalamus aspera (J. A. et J. H. Schult.) Backer ex Heyhe Culms’ top part long and drooping; basal internodes usually with rings of short aerial roots; internodes initially with light brown bristles, and thinly white powdery; nodal ridge not prominent; inner nodes and below nodes with a ring of light brown pubescence. Branches high, several or clustered, central dominant. Culm sheaths deciduous, initially light green, leathery, abaxially with greyish white or brown bristles, when dried, the longitudinal ribs protrude eminently, apex rounded; ligule narrow and long, serrulate; margin with brown setae; auricles linear, margin undulate, tip slightly enlarged toward suborbicular; oral setae fimbriate; blade usually reflexed, lanceolate, base narrow inward, corrugated. These culms can be used for pulp and paper making.

Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus 093

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Dendrocalamus bambusoides Hsueh et D. Z. Li Culm internodes glabrous, white powdery, sometimes with yellow longitudinal stripes on basal nodes. Branches several, main mid-culm ones 3. There are many sheath like bracts at the base of each branch and in the cluster. Culm sheaths deciduous, or those above nodes may tardily deciduous, thickly papery to leathery, abaxially yellow hispid or glabrous, sometimes mixed with yellow longitudinal strips, apex slightly protuberant; auricles absent; ligule ca. 2 mm; blade erect, base slightly narrow inward, width is the same as sheath oral. This species is native to Central and South Yunnan.

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Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees et Arn. ex Munro Culms long, often very pendulous, basal nodes with circles of aerial roots; internodes initially densely white pubescence; intranodes and below each node grow rings of grey white to brownish yellow pubescence. Dominant central branch 1, very well developed, sometimes no dominant central branch, other branches on the same internodes remarkedly thinner, and turned backward around the node. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, bright yellow or withered grass color, abaxially hispid, with sparsely deciduous bristles, margin ciliate, apex shoulders slightly arched; auricles absent; ligule apex somewhat undulate and dentate; blade erect, veins on the back are connected with the veins of sheath, adaxially with appressed short bristles.

Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus 095

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Dendrocalamus barbatus Hsueh et D. Z. Li

Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus

Culms slight curved, tip slightly drooping; basal nodes with rings of aerial roots; internodes base dark green, glabrous on the flat side, upper parts a little bit white powdery; nodal ridge not protuberate, with a ring of white tomentose; Branches many, main dominant branches 3, 1 obviously thicker and stronger, or sometimes, the dominant branch is underdeveloped, with a large latent bud, side branches thin, drooping. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, initially orange-brown, abaxially white powdery and with brown bristles; auricle bases connected with blade base, undulate, densely covered with bristles; ligule 5–8 mm, apex serrulate; blade reflexed, glabrous or densely bearded at base, other parts covered with small bristles.

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Dendrocalamus barbatus Hsueh et D. Z. Li var. internodiradicatus Hsueh The differences from Dendrocalamus barbatus Hsueh et D. Z. Li are: Basal internodes densely covered with aerial roots, like nets wrapping the internodes; auricles and blade base parts are almost glabrous, leaves usually large. This species is cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus 097

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Dendrocalamus farinosus (Keng et Keng f.) Chia et Fung

Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus

Culms erect, tip slightly curved or drooping; initially white powdery, glabrous; sheath scar attached with sheath base residue; nodal ridge slight protuberant, above and below both there is, respectively, a ring of golden tomentose, which disappear after mature. Branches from upper nodes, many, clustered, dominant branches distinct. Culm sheaths initially orange-brown, becoming brown, oblong-triangular, about as long as internodes, thickly papery or leathery, abaxially with brown bristles, adaxially glabrous and glossy, margins membranous, outer and inner margins ciliate, apex truncate or concave; auricles absent; ligule extremely developed, truncate, margin uneven, finely dented into hair, apex very delicate; blade small, reflexed, narrowly lanceolate, abaxially glabrous with longitudinal ribs, adaxially and margin hispid, base slightly narrow inward, apex acuminate.

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Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro Culms erect, tip slightly drooping or long drooping; nodes not prominent; initially white powdery on outer surface. Branches from upper nodes, many, main dominant branch not developed. Culm sheaths deciduous, large, initially purple, thickly leathery, abaxially with dark brown spiny hairy; margins broadly rounded; auricles reflexed, connected with blade bath, lately deciduous; ligule conspicuous, margin serrulate; blade reflexed, ovate-lanceolate. These culms are fine materials for construction and weaving.

Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus 099

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro Culm tips long drooping or curved; initially white powdery, glabrous, only on inner nodes there is a ring of brown tomentose. Branches from upper nodes several, central branch dominant, solitary. Culm sheaths deciduous, thickly leathery, wide circle shovel shape, abaxial surface slightly strigose, deciduous and turn glabrous lately; oral very narrow; auricles small; ligule high, serrulate; blade reflexed, ovate to lanceolate, adaxial surface with light brown spiny hair. These culms are suitable for construction and weaving and they also have high ornamental values.

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Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro f. meinung (W. C. Lin) T. P. Yi This species is a close relative of Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro. The differences are: Culms and branches are yellowish green, internodes have thin, dark green longitudinal stripes. Sheaths are yellowish green to brownish green, with several thin, light yellow longitudinal stripes. The species is native to Taiwan; introduced and cultivated in Fujian. The species is cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus 101

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Dendrocalamus membranaceus Munro Culms initially white powdery; nodal ridge flat, sheath scar strongly prominent. Main mid-culm branches 3, branches from upper nodes may be drooping. Culm sheaths deciduous, usually longer than internodes, thick papery to leathery, abaxially white powdery and with deciduous black brown bristles; auricles ca. 5 mm, width 1 mm, with several long hairs; ligule 8–10 mm, adaxially with dense pile, margin thickly serrulate; blade reflexed, linear-­lanceolate, size 1/3 to 1/2 of oral setae, both sides covered with brown bristles, more dense on base of adaxial side.

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Dendrocalamus pulverulentus Chia et But. var. amoenus (Q. H. Dai & C. F. Huang) N. H. Xia & R. S. Lin Internodes light yellow, in between there are 5-8 dark green longitudinal stripes. These culms can be split for weaving mat, baskets, etc.

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Dendrocalamus sinicus Chia et J. L. Sun Culms slightly drooping, basal nodes usually grow rings of aerial roots; internodes shaped like round tubes; basal internodes short and usually inflated in one side, resulting in oblique intersection of the upper and lower internodes; culms initially white pubescent; inner nodes with a 3-4 cm wide ring of yellow brown silky hair; dominant branch not developed. Culm sheaths tardily deciduous or persistent on nodes without branches, initially yellowish green, thickly leathery, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially with small bristles in between the veins; auricles underdeveloped; ligule ca. 6 mm; blade erect and reflected, abaxially sparsely grow pubescence, abaxially with bristles in between the veins. This species is native to South and Southwest Yunnan. Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus 105

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Culms erect, or basal nodes almost solid, tip slightly arched; internodes initially white powdery and pink green, turn dark green or yellow when old; nodes prominent, basal several nodes grow rings of aerial roots; branching from lower nodes, many, main mid-culm ones 3, branches on the upper nodes are curved and drooping, branch walls are thick. Culm sheaths deciduous, thickly papery, abaxially usually covered with golden brown bristles, margins ciliate, apex round-arched; auricles weak or absent; ligule serrulate; blade erect, narrowly triangular, upper part involute and conic, pubescent on both sides, especially on adaxial side, base is as wide as oral part, abaxial longitudinal veins ar connected with the longitudinal ribs of the sheath. The species is native to Guangxi and South Yunnan.

Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus 106

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Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Dendrocalamus yunnanicus Hsueh et D. Z. Li Culm tips drooping; internodes initially covered with white bristle like piles, also slightly white powdery; with a ring of brown tomentose; main mid-culm branches developed. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery to thickly so, abaxial longitudinal ribs inconspicuous, sparsely covered with appressed brown bristles, apex narrow and concave; auricles small, with several deciduous hair; ligule margin serrulate; blade reflexed, adaxially brown hairy. The species is native to Southeast and Central Yunnan.

Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus 108

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Gigantochloa

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Gigantochloa albociliata (Munro) Kurz

Gigantochloa apus Kurz

Culm branches clustered, many at each nodes, mainculm branches inconspicuous. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, abaxially sparsely dark brown hispid, later glabrous; auricles inconspicuous; ligule 10–25 mm, irregularly serrate; blade erect, lanceolate or ovate-­ triangular, base rounded and narrow inward, and extends slightly along the sheath apex. The species is native to Yunnan. These culms can be made into agriculture tools. The shoots are edible.

Culms erect, column cylindrical; initially bright green or yellowish green; branching high, main mid-node branches dominant. Culm sheaths persistent, brown, abaxially with bristle; ligule apex truncate; blade triangular, margin serrulate, with black long bristle towards base on back side.

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Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merrill Culms slightly curved; initially white or brown pubescent. Culm sheaths deciduous, thickly leathery, apex narrow, brown setose; auricles conspicuous, undulate; blade usually reflexed, ovate-triangular, basally with brown setae on both sides.

巨竹属

Gigantochloa Gigantochloa 111

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Gigantochloa verticillata (Willd.) Munro Culms erect but tip drooping or slanted; basal several nodes grow rings of aerial roots; internodes are green colored and yellow striate, initially white or light brown hispid, lately glabrous; inner nodes and below each node grow rings of white pubescence; sheath scar covered with brown bristles. Culm sheaths deciduous, green, yellow striate initially, later brown, leathery, abaxially densely covered with deciduous white or brown bristle, apex wide, slightly concave, margins ciliate; auricles minute, inconspicuous; ligule irregularly serrate or fimbriate; blade reflexed, narrow ovate or triangular, both sides of the base part extend to a thin belt, ends suborbicular.

Gigantochloa Gigantochloa 112

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Indosasa

Indosasa shibataeoides McClure

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Indosasa Indosasa

Culms usually short, nodal ridges initially prominent, higher than sheath scar, slightly prominent when matured; branching at middle nodes 3, branches spreading. Shoots mostly light orange or purplish red. Shoot sheaths deciduous, abaxially light orange, light purple or yellow, with black brown stripes, sparsely strigose or white powdery, no spots or sometimes with minus spots; auricles usually small, formed as an extended part of the blade base, falcate, with radiate hair; culm sheaths abaxially glabrous, auricles absent, without oral setae; ligule slightly arched or protuberant, apex white pubescent; blade triangular or triangular-lanceolate, base often narrowed inward, green, with distinguished purple veins. Leaves are dense, dark green. The species is cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Indosasa glabrata C. D. Chu var. albohispidula (Q. H. Dai et C. F. Huang) C. S. Chao et C. D. Chu New culms initially white hairy. Culm sheath with few, straight oral setae.

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Indosasa hispida McClure Culms initially setose, mainly glabrous in age with setae persistent below nodes, reluster, white powdery below nodes. Usually 3 branches on mid-culm, branches erect and spreading, middle branches’ length nearly 2 times of side ones. The species is native to Central Guangdong. These culms are used for pulp and papermaking.

Indosasa Indosasa 117

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Indosasa hispida McClure ‘Rainbow’ Culms short, leaves large, culms and branch purplish red. Culm sheaths deciduous, initially yellowish green. Leaves conspicuously yellow striate, resulting in dichromatic leaves with both yellow and green colors, glabrous on both sides. This can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Indosasa Indosasa 118

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Indosasa Indosasa

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Indosasa patens C. D. Chu Culms straight; internodes initially green, purple striate, densely setose, hispid; cavity pith spongy and lamellate; nodes weakly prominent, but not geniculate. Culm branches usually 3, large branches spreading horizontally, branches and leaves slightly sparse. Culm sheaths shorter than internodes, abaxially purple-brown, green-brown on smaller culms and at culm apex, unspotted, slightly glaucous, setose in scattered clumps, margins dark brown ciliate; auricles developed, small, rugose; oral setae scabrid; ligule truncate or weakly prominent, apex dark brown ciliate; blade green-brown, triangular or triangular-lanceolate, broad, scabrous. This species is found in North Guangxi. It is shade tolerant.

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Indosasa Indosasa

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Sinobambusa

Sinobambusa dushanensis (C. D. Chu et J. Q. Zhang) Wen Culm internodes initially green, striate, glabrous, cylindrical, flat near branching side, papillate below nodes; wall thick; nodes swollen, same size as sheath scar; sheath scar corky, prominent, initially glabrous or setose, inner nodes ca. 8 mm. Culm sheath deciduous, abaxially yellow-green or brown-yellow, basally subtriangular, leathery, densely setose and papillose at base, margins shortly setose, purplish, apex narrowly constricted, ca. 2 cm wide; auricles developed, elliptic or falcate, both surfaces coarsely brown hairy; oral setae 8–15 mm; ligule arched or nearly truncate, nearly entire, apex purplish ciliate; blade deciduous, erect or reflexed, purple-green, lanceolate, margins scabrid, with longitudinal veins. The species can be cultivated for greening.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Sinobambusa Sinobambusa

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Sinobambusa intermedia McClure Culm internodes grooved above branches, glaucous below nodes, initially pubescent, lately glabrous and scabrid, with thin longitudinal ribs, light green to green; cavity with flocculent pith; nodes prominent, no obvious ridge; sheath scar width 1 mm, corky, densely setose. Culm sheaths green when fresh, purple at apex, basally suboblong, sparsely deciduously yellow-brown setose, more densely towards base, with thin strigose, margins ciliate, adaxially glabrous and slightly purple; auricles developed, falcate, extended or horizontally recumbent, fragile, base dark brown, scabrid or densely strigose, upper part pale white, glabrous; oral setae erect or radiate, ca. 2 cm, undulate; ligule arched, short, hirsute, apex sometimes slightly dentate or ciliate; blade persistent, erect or deflexed, green with purple apex, narrowly lanceolate, glabrous on surfaces, apex acuminate. The species is native to South and Southwest China. It can be cultivated for greening.

Sinobambusa Sinobambusa 125

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Sinobambusa nephroaurita C. D. Chu Culms initially thinly glaucous and roughly hairy, with prominent longitudinal ribs, hollow; cavity with slightly granular pith; internodes under branching level cylindrical, internodes above branching level flat at lower part; nodes prominent, white powdery below; sheath scar conspicuous, initially brown setose, lately corky and glabrous. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, nearly elliptic, abaxially initially green or yellow-brown , sparsely purplish brown setose, with longitudinal ribs, margin yellow-brown ciliate or glabrous, basally densely dark brown-downward setose; auricles developed, kidney-shaped to elliptic, largest 15 × 9 mm, scabrid; oral setae radiate, 1–1.5 cm; ligule ca. 2-3 mm, arched, entire, apex ciliate or nearly glabrous; blade usually reflexed or horizontal, lanceolate at culm apex, triangular at mid-culm, pubescent, margins serrulate, apex acuminate to acute, base slightly narrowed inward.

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Sinobambusa tootsik (Sieb.) Makino Culm internodes initially deep green, flattened and grooved on branching side, glaucous, especially basal nodes, old culms glabrous, striate. Sheath scar corky and prominent, initially purple-brown setose; nodal ridge also prominent, nearly same height with sheath scar, inner nodes slightly concave. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, suboblong, apex broadly rounded, abaxially initially red-brown, slightly glaucous, with appressed brown setose, densely so at base, margins with light yellow ciliate, purple-red towards base; auricles at basal parts weak, middle ones reached out, ovate to elliptical, culm tip ones usually falcate, brown, hispid or tomentose; oral setae curved, ca. 2 cm; ligule arcuate, margin smooth, ciliate or glabrous; blade reflexed, green, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, with longitudinal veins and small-sized horizontal veins, margin sparsely serrulate, apex acuminate, base slightly narrowed inward and extended, deciduous. The species is found in Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi. It can be cultivated for greening. Sinobambusa Sinobambusa 127

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Sinobambusa tootsik (Sieb.) Makino f. albostriata Muroi ex S. Suzuki The differences from Sinobambusa tootsik (Sieb.) Makino are: Leaves green, with many yellow and white stripes of uneven width, culm sheaths initially green, with yellowish white longitudinal stripes, stripes at margin especially wide. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Sinobambusa Sinobambusa 128

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Sinobambusa Sinobambusa

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Sinobambusa tootsik (Sieb.) Makino var. laeta (McClure) Wen The differences from Sinobambusa tootsik (Sieb.) Makino are: Culm sheath blade purple or purple-green. Leaf sheath auricles and oral setae developed; blade abaxially pubescent. Lodicules with a few vertical veins. This species is found in Fujian and Guangdong. It can be cultivated for greening.

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Brachystachyum

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Brachystachyum densiflorum (Rendle) Keng Culms sympodial, initially white inverted thin hair, glabrous when old; internodes cylindrical, without grooves, or with grooves at lower part on the branching side, glaucous under sheath scar, lately turned into black dirt; wall thickness around 3 mm; pith chambered. Nodal ridges prominent. Culm sheaths initially green, becoming yellow, spotless, but with white stripes, lately the stripes fade and purple veins appear, sparsely hispid, margin purple ciliate; auricles well developed, usually elliptical, variable in shape and size, brown or green; oral setae 3–5 mm, undulate, light brown or even lighter in color; ligule arched, brown, ciliolate; blade horizontal or recurved, green with purplish color, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate. The species is found in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, etc. It can be cultivated for greening.

Brachystachyum Brachystachyum 132

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Phyllostachys

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys atrovaginata C. S. Chao et H. Y. Chou Culms green initially, glabrous, nodes with both ridge and sheath scar moderately prominent. Culm sheaths dark green, with purple-black stripes and pale yellow-brown margins, base sometimes purple-red, or deep green with purple veins in shade, unmarked, glabrous or rarely sparsely strigose; auricles absent; oral setae absent or occasionally sparse; ligule green-brown, truncate, short, broad, completely covered by base of blade, subglabrous or minutely ciliolate; blade dark green, with purplered margins, wide triangular, wavy to weakly crinkled. The species has fine splitting properties; is a favorable species for material use.

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Phyllostachys aurita J. L. Lu

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Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

Young culms dark green, white powdery, glabrous; nodal ridge prominent, higher than sheath scar; culm and branching rings all with a ring of dense and persistent rust-colored hair. Culm sheaths abaxially light green, greyish yellow when dry, same length or slightly longer than internodes, spotless, slightly pubescent, margins with dense dark purple ciliolate at middle and upper parts, base with clumps of rust-colored hair; auricles developed, falcate, more or less connected with blade, oral setae long; ligule truncate or slightly arched, brown, margin ciliate; blade erect, straight or slightly undulate, green with purplish color, wide triangular or narrow triangular, sometimes concave like a boat, and base width equal to ligule. Shooting of this species occurs in middle and late April; flowering occurs in September. It can be cultivated for greening.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys bissetii McClure Culms initially slightly hispid, dark green with purple, white powdery, sparsely erect hairs on distal parts of internodes, becoming green or grey-green; nodal ridge slightly more prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths deep to pale green, weakly tinged with purple, unmarked or more usually with distal milky-white stripes and extremely minute brown spots, white powdery, those from basal nodes sometimes pubescent, margin finely ciliate; auricles usually present, green or purple-green, small or large and falcate; oral setae sometimes absent; ligule purple, arcuate or truncate, 1–2 mm, ciliate, wider than the base of sheath blade or when auricles are absent, both sides of ligule are obviously exposed; blade erect, deep green or purple green, narrowly triangular to triangular-lanceolate, straight or undulate. Shooting period usually is middle and late April. It can be cultivated for greening.

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Phyllostachys funhuaensis (X. G. Wang et Z. M. Lu) N. X. Ma et G. H. Lai Culms initially pale green or pale green with slight yellow color, sometimes with dark purple, glabrous, while powdery ring conspicuous below nodes, becoming green or graygreen; nodes conspicuously prominent, nodal ridge higher than sheath scar, branches thick. Culm sheath green or pale green, base with distinct purple, wide, longitudinal stripes, apex with white radial stripes, with purple red color, no spots, margin yellowish brown, with brown cilia, abaxially glabrous, slightly or nearly none-white powdery; auricles not developed, or extremely small, formed by the extended parts of the blade, ovate, strip-shaped or irregular, purplish, margin almost has no setae or slightly light brown curving setae; ligule wide and short, light purpose or yellowish brown, apex truncate, with dense, pale green, long cilia; blade triangular or long triangular, erected boat shape, sometimes with wings at both sides of base, green and with purplish red, conspicuous purple stripes, no wrinkle. Shooting period is May.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliver Culms initially white powdery, sparsely puberulent; nodal ridge flat and as prominent as sheath scar in large culms, or strongly elevated and more prominent than sheath scar in slender culms. Branches deflexed or subhorizontal. Culm sheaths deep green, tinged with purple, spotless, white powdery, glabrous or sparsely strigose, margins whitely or light brownish ciliate; auricles purple, ovate to elliptic, sometimes shortly falcate, small, absent on small shoots; oral setae well developed or few, erect, and fine on small shoots; ligule slightly concave or weakly arcuate, short, white ciliolate; blade erect, cupped, green, purple-green or entirely purple, triangular to narrowly triangular. Shooting period is May; flowering is from April to August. The culms have good tenacity, making them suitable for weaving production tools and utensils for everyday use. The shoots are edible.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 138

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Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliver f. denigrate (Yi et H. R. Qi) Yi et H. R. Qi The difference of this species with Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliver is first-year culms are green, later gradually turn purplish black, underground rhizome sometimes also purplish black, floret lemma purplish red. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 139

139

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys hispida S. C. Li, S. H. Wu et S. Y. Chen

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

Culms erect, with irregular thin longitudinal grooves on surface; initially green, tinged with purple, hairy, strigose, white powdery below sheath scar; green or gray green when old; nodal ridge prominent, higher than sheath scar. Culm sheath thin, papery, dark greenish purple, apex with milky white or light purple radial stripes, dense gray white small setose and powder, margin ciliate, culm bottom sheaths apex with sparse brown dots; auricle purple, usually attached to the sheaths on the upper culm, morphological change range large, falcate, weakly developed or developed only on one side, margin and oral with several curved setae; ligule truncate or slightly arched, dark purple, apex uneven, margin with white or purplish fimbriae; blade erect, narrow triangle to lanceolate, base wide, greenish purple. Shooting period is middle April. It can be cultivated for greening.

140

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Phyllostachys nidularia Munro Culms upright; branches obliquely raised to make the plant narrow and spired; internodes initially white powdery; nodal ridge equaling or more prominent than sheath scar; sheath scar flared, initially with margin brown setose. Culm sheaths thin, leathery, abaxially green when fresh, unmarked, distally white powdery or milky-white striped, usually with purple longitudinal stripes at middle and bottom parts, densely brown strigose toward base or glabrous, margins purplered or brown ciliate; auricles at culm apex green-purple, very broad, contiguous with and extending from swollen cupped base of blade, triangular or ends extend to falcate, sparsely light purple hair; ligule purple-brown, slightly arcuate, broad, margin densely white ciliate; blade erect, broadly triangular to triangular, cupped, green-purple. The species can be cultivated for greening. The shoots are edible.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 141

141

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys nidularia Munro f. glabrovagina Wen The differences with Phyllostachys nidularia Munro are culm sheaths glabrous, leaf sheath deciduous, terminal branchlets usually with 1 leaf. It can be cultivated for greening. The shoots are edible.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 142

142

Phyllostachys nidularia Munro f. farcata H. R. Zhao et A. T. Liu Culms solid or nearly solid. It can be cultivated for greening. The shoots are edible.

Phyllostachys nidularia Munro f. mirabilis Yi The differences with Phyllostachys nidularia Munro are culms and branches are green, internodes branching side groove yellow, sheath pale green, no stripes. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 143

143

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys nidularia Munro f. speciosa Yi The differences with Phyllostachys nidularia Munro are culms and branches are yellow, grooves at the branching side of internodes are green, culm sheath with yellow longitudinal stripes, exposed rhizome internodes yellow, grooves on the bud side are green. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 144

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Phyllostachys nidularia Munro f. sulfurea Yi The differences with Phyllostachys nidularia Munro are culms yellow, sometimes basal internodes with 1 to 2 green stripes, culm sheath with yellow stripes, branch internodes sometimes have a green stripe on the back, exposed rhizome internodes yellow. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 145

145

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

Culms initially green, densely puberulent and white powdery; sheath scar initially hairy on margin, later gradually show purple marks, turns into purple black at last, glabrous; nodal ridge and sheath scar are both elevated, nodal ridge slightly more prominent than or equaling sheath scar. Culm sheaths red-brown, sometimes tinged with green, unmarked or densely extremely minutely and imperceptibly dark brown spotted, spots aggregating into a distal dark brown patch, thinly white powdery, light brown strigose; auricles long circular or falcate, purple-black, oral setae purple black; ligule purple, arcuate to acutely so, purple, long ciliate; blade erect or gradually deflexed, green with purple veins, cupped, triangular to triangular-lanceolate, navicular, ± wavy. Shooting period is late April. The species is mostly cultivated for ornamental purposes. The culms are tough and tensile, and used for making small furniture, musical instruments and handicrafts.

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Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro var. henonis (Mitford) Stapf ex Rendle The differences with Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro are culms initially dark green, lately green or pale green, no purple black color, comparatively thick; culm sheath apex rarely has purplish brown fine dots (even after dried), leaves thick. The species can be cultivated for greening.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 147

147

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys parvifolia C. D. Chu et H. Y. Chou Culms initially green, with purple streaks, thickly white powdery, becoming gray-green in age; nodal ridge slightly elevated, equaling or more prominent than sheath scar, with basal nodal ridges less prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths pale brown or pale purple-red, with pale yellow-brown or yellowwhite streaks on upper portion, unmarked, thinly white powdery, glabrous, margins white ciliate; auricles absent or small, extending from base of blade in distal sheaths; oral setae absent or few; ligule dark green to purple-red, arcuate or acutely so, ciliolate; blade triangular to triangular-lanceolate, green, margin or upper part tinged with purplish red, erect, wavy. Shooting period is early May. The species is cultivated in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, etc. It is slightly resistant to moisture. With light purplish red sheaths, the species can be used for ornamental purposes. The shoots are edible.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 148

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Phyllostachys veitchiana Rendle Culms initially thickly white powdery, sparsely puberulent; nodes elevated, nodal ridge more prominent than sheath scar; intranode ca. 4 mm. Culm sheath green, with purple stripes, white powdery, basal ones white or brown pubescent and strigose, others subglabrous or glabrous, margins irregularly ciliate; auricles purple, triangular to broadly falcate to falcate, connected with base of blade; oral setae flexuose; ligule purple, arcuate, erose, densely fringed with stout, purple cilia 2–3 mm; blade erect or deflexed, purple to green-purple, triangular to narrowly triangular, slightly wavy. Shooting period is May. The species can be cultivated for greening.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 149

149

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys acuta C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao Culms initially with no conspicuous white powder, deep green, nodes purple, becoming green or yellow-green; internodes gently concentrated toward middle; nodal ridge conspicuously elevated, more prominent than sheath scar. Shoots green, conic, top acuminate. Culm sheaths green or green-brown, with purple-brown spots, denser centrally, sparsely deciduously hairy or subglabrous; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule convex, ± decurrent on both flanks, ciliate; blade reflexed, green, with yellow margins, linear, flat or wavy. Shooting period is April, and flowering period is April and May. The species can be cultivated for greening.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 150

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Phyllostachys angusta McClure Culms straight; internodes gray-green at maturity,initially thinly white powdery, glabrous; nodal ridge weakly elevated, as prominent as sheath scar. Culm sheaths milky-white, tinged with yellow-green, unequally striped with purple, with sparse, small, brown spots, not white powdery, glabrous, margins ciliate; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule yellow-green, truncate or slightly convex, tall, narrow, notched or laciniate, with pale cilia to 5 mm; blade spreading or reflexed, greenish cream or sometimes purple, linear, flat. Shooting period is late April. These culms are tensile, with a good splitting property, and are used for weaving fine bamboo articles. This species can be cultivated for greening. The shoots are edible.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 151

151

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys arcana McClure Culms straight, initially green, lower nodes distally blotched purple, becoming yellow-green in age, white powdery, glabrous; nodes initially purple, nodal ridge elevated, more prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths pale green-purple or yellow-green, at lower and or basal nodes with purple blotches and small spots, initially white powdery, scabrous between veins and minutely strigose, at upper nodes unmarked, usually glabrous; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule purple or yellow-green, peaked, fragile, usually decurrent on one or both sides, erose or lacerate, ciliolate; blade reflexed, green, linear, flat or ± wavy on lower sheaths. Shooting period is early and middle April. These culms are hard and cannot be easily split. The shoots are edible. The species can be cultivated for greening.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 152

152

Phyllostachys arcana McClure f. luteosulcata C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao The difference with Phyllostachys arcana McClure is culms mainly green, but internodes branching side grooves are yellow. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 153

153

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A. et C. Riv. Culms initially white-powdery, glabrous, matured culms appear to be green or yellowish green; usually strongly shortened and commonly ventricose at basal nodes, distally inflated for several mm below node at mid-culm and basal nodes; nodal ridge as prominent as sheath scar or slightly more prominent; sheath scar initially fringed with deciduous white pubescence. Culm sheaths yellow-green or pale red-brown, becoming straw-colored, with variably sized brown spots, base edged with white pubescence; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule yellow-green, truncate or weakly convex at apex, very short, margin longer pale green ciliate; blade reflexed and drooping, green, with yellow margins, narrow triangle to linear, flat in upper sheaths, crinkled in lower sheaths. Shooting period is middle May. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 154

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Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A. et C. Riv. f. flavescens-inversa (H. de Lehaie) Muroi The differences with Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A. & C. Riv. are culms mainly green, but internodes branching side grooves are yellow; a few leaves have yellow longitudinal streaks. The species originated in Japan; introduced and cultivated in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, etc. It can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 155

155

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A. et C. Riv. f. holochrysa Muroi et Kasahara

Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A. et C. Riv. f. koi G. H. Lai

The differences with Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A. & C. Riv. are culms initially yellow green, later developing into yellow dolor, basal internodes occasionally have green longitudinal stripes, and leaves partly with milky white or light yellow streaks. It can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

The differences with Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A. & C. Riv. are culms are mainly yellow, branching side grooves are green, leaves partly with milky white or light yellow streaks. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 156

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Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure Culms initially white powdery, pubescent or scabridulous with tubercles left by fallen hairs, usually geniculate at basal 2 or 3 nodes of slender culms; branching side grooves yellow, green or yellowish green in other parts of the culm; nodal ridge slightly more prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths purple-green, usually yellow striped, often with sparse, small, brown spots, thinly white powdery; auricles purple-cream or purple-brown, formed by the extended base of sheath blade to both sides, conspicuously connected with base of blade; oral setae developed; ligule purple, arcuate or truncate, broad, margin finely white ciliate; blade erect, horizontal or reflexed in lower culm, triangular or triangular-­lanceolate, flat or wavy. Shooting period is middle April to early May. Flowering period is May to June. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 157

157

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure f. aureocaulis Z. P. Wang et N. X. Ma The differences with Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure are: Culms are completely sulfur yellow, or only 1-2 basal internodes with green longitudinal stripes; leaves sometimes may be with light yellow stripes. With bright-colored culms, the species is mainly planted for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 158

158

Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure f. flavostriata S. J. Zhao The differences with Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure are: Culms green, internodes branching side grooves also green, with yellow longitudinal stripes of unequal width on the other parts; leaves occasionally with light yellow longitudinal stripes. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 159

159

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure f. pekinensis J. L. Lu The differences with Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure are: Culms green or yellowish green, without yellow longitudinal stripes; culm sheath color darker; leaves without light yellow thin stripes. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 160

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Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure f. spectabilis C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao The differences with Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure are: Culms yellow color, but branching side longitudinal grooves of internodes are green, 1-2 green longitudinal streaks beside the grooves on several internodes; culm sheaths of lighter color; leaves with light yellow thin streaks. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 161

161

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. Culms internodes not white powdery or initially faintly so below nodes; nodal ridge slightly more prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths leathery, yellow-brown, sometimes tinged with green or purple, with dense, variably sized, purple-brown spots, glabrous or sparsely deciduously erectly brown hairy; auricles sometimes absent, purplebrown, small to large and falcate; oral setae usually developed, sometimes absent; ligule light brown or tinged with green, arcuate, margin with long or short cilia; blade linear, green in center, purple on both sides, pale yellow along margins, flat or sometimes slightly wavy at apex, reflexed. The species is found in all provinces south to the Yellow River. This species is suitable for material use.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 162

162

Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. f. albovariegata (Makino) Muroi The differences with Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. are: White longitudinal stripes on leaves, a while stripe occasionally seen on internodes. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. f. castilonis (Mitord) Muroi The differences with Phyl­ lostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. are: Yellow culms, grooves on branching side of internodes are green, occasionally 1-2 green streaks seen on internodes other than the grooves, several light yellow streaks seen on some leaves. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

163

163

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. f. castilloni-inversa (H. de Lehaie) Muroi

Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. f. duihuazhu C. J. Wu

The differences with Phyllostachys bambu­ soides Sieb. et Zucc. are: Green culms, grooves on branching side of internodes are yellow. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

The differences with Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. are: Green culms, purple brown spots or irregular stripes on grooves on branching side of internodes, no such marks on other parts. The species originated from Bo’ai of Henan, and is cultivated in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, etc. It can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 164

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Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. f. holochrysa (Pfitzer) Muroi The differences with Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. are: Culms and branches golden colored, basal internodes occasionally with green longitudinal stripes; leaves green, with irregular yellow and white longitudinal stripes in between. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 165

165

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. f. kawadana Makino ex I. Tsuboi The differences with Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. are: Yellow longitudinal stripes of unequal widths on leaves, yellow stripes of unequal widths occasionally seen on internodes. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 166

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Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. f. lacrima-deae Keng f. et Wen The difference with Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. is: Purple brown or light brown spots on culms. It can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 167

167

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. f. marliacea (Makino ex I. Tsuboi) Muroi

Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. f. mixta Z. P. Wang et N. X. Ma

The differences with Phyllostachys bambu­ soides Sieb. et Zucc. are: Many longitudinal ribs of unequal widths on internodes, basal internodes very short. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

The differences with Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. are: Spots on culms, grooves on branching side of the internodes yellow. The species originated from Bo’ai of Henan, and is cultivated in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, etc. It can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 168

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Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. f. shouzhu Yi The differences with Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. are: Culms initially slightly white powdery, nodal ridge flat, internodes long, middle ones usually ca. 35-40 cm, longest could reach 50 cm; culm sheaths glabrous, usually auricles and oral setae absent. This species can be cultivated for material use. The shoots are edible.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

Phyllostachys compar W. Y. Zhang et N. X. Ma Culms initially thinly white powdery, streaked, green, with many branching under nodes, becoming gray white or gray green, with some internodes crooked; nodal ridge moderately elevated, slightly more prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths usually dark brown, tinged with red, sometimes green brown, densely black purple brown spots and marks, white powdery, glabrous, sparsely ciliate on upper margin; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule broad, short, light brown, apex usually oblique truncate, sometimes slightly arcuate, but both sides not extended, white ciliate; blade linear, green purple, extremely wrinkled, reflexed. 169

169

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys dulcis McClure Culms internodes initially thinly white powdery, becoming glaucous, usually obscurely streaked and spotted with yellow or orange in age; nodal ridge elevated, more prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths thin, yellow or milky-white, faintly tinged with green or distally pale purple-red, sometimes with purple veins, sparsely brown to light brown small spotted, margins green brown, sparsely retrorsely strigose; auricles green or purple-green, ovate to falcate; oral setae well developed; ligule pale purple-brown, arcuate, ciliolate; blade reflexed, purple-green, with yellow-green margins, linear, crinkled. Shooting period is late April. The species is introduced and cultivated in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, etc. This species is commonly planted for its very delicious shoots.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 170

170

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

171

171

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

Culms initially thickly white powdery, densely puberulent, with hairy sheath scars, glabrous in age, gradually turning from green to green yellow; basal internodes gradually shortened and thickened toward base; nodal ridge inconspicuous, less prominent than sheath scar more prominent in slender culms. Culm sheaths yellow-brown or purple-brown with dark brown spots, densely brown hairy; auricles relatively small; oral setae strongly developed; ligule broad, short, arcuate to acutely so, long ciliate; blade short, initially erect, becoming reflexed, green, narrowly triangular or lanceolate, wrinkled. Shooting period is April. Flowering period is from May to August. This is the most widely cultivated bamboo species in China, with the highest economic value. This species is cultivated for its versatile culms and delicious shoots.

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Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. abbreviate G. H. Lai The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: Part of the successive internodes in the middle and lower parts of the culm are deformed, shortened and concave. The nodes are more or less skewed and uneven, but the upper and lower nodes are not connected, or sometimes slightly connected on one side, but the other side is not bulging, showing a tortoise shell shape, but a slightly bow shape. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 173

173

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. bicolor (Nakai) G. H. Lai The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are culm color yellow, grooves on the internodes green. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 174

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Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. exaurita T. G. Chen The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: Culm sheaths do not have auricles nor oral setae, culm tip usually irregularly curved and drooping. This species can be cultivated for greening.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 175

175

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. gracilis (Hsiung) Chao et Renv. The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: No matter the site conditions are good or bad, all stands remain short whole life in the forest, not the same as smaller stands in a normal forest of Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie. Walls thick. The species can be cultivated for greening.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 176

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Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. holochrysa (Muroi et K. Kasahara) Ohrnberger The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: Culms and branches initially bright yellow, glossy, sometimes with purplish red vignetting spots, biennial culms and branches are golden yellow, culms and branches over three years are yellow. Only a few internodes occasionally have 1-2 green longitudinal stripes, some leaves have light white longitudinal stripes, and the colors of the sheath and spots are light. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 177

177

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. huamozhu (Wen) Chao et Renv. The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: Culms yellow or half yellow, half green, with green longitudinal stripes with different widths, and some leaves have a few light yellow fine longitudinal stripes. This species is cultivated for greening.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 178

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Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. luteosulcata (Wen) Chao et Renv. The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: The majority of the culms are green, but the grooves on the branch side are yellow or light yellow. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 179

179

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. nabeshimana (Muroi) Chao et Renv. The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: Culms mainly green, but the internodes have light yellow or light yellowish green, fine longitudinal stripes with different width, and the leaves are green, without light yellow, fine longitudinal stripes. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 180

180

Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. obliquinoda (Z. P. Wang et N. X. Ma) Ohrnberger The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: Culms usually small, adjacent internodes are alternately skewed or basally slightly flexuose, but the internodes are normal. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. obtusangula (S. Y. Wang) Ohrnberger The difference from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie is: Culms have 4-7 blunt edges, and the cross section is slightly square or quincunx.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 181

181

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. pachyloen (G. Y. Yang et al.) Y. L. Ding ex G. H. Lai The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: Culms slightly square or oval shaped, wall thick, basal wall thickness 3-4 cm, around 2.5 cm at breast height, upper part almost solid,; nodes extremely prominent, sometimes there is conspicuous longitudinal ribs on internodes, fresh culms sink in water.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 182

182

Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. porphyrosticta G. H. Lai The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: Culms initially green, spotless, but purple spots gradually appear in autumn of the first year, later continuously denser and connected into purple patches, but do not cover the whole internode. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 183

183

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. tubaeformis (S. Y. Wan) Ohrnberger The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: Culm expands gradually from the top to the base in a trumpet shape; internodes gradually shortened, with upper part thick and lower part thin, or with irregular depression at the lower part close to the node; node wavy and skewed, but the upper and lower nodes are not connected. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 184

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Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. ventricosa (Z. P. Wang et N. X. Ma) Ohrnberger The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: 10 or more lower nodes swell in the middle like a Buddha belly, but adjacent nodes are not connected or skewed. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 185

185

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie ‘Kikko-chiku’ The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: Basal internodes or a dozen of middle lower internodes successively alternately skewed, the above and lower nodes are connected on one side, while the other side swells like a tortoise shell, the other internodes are normal, but the primary branches are distinctly longer. The peculiar culm shape makes it a fine ornamental species.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 186

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Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie ‘Mira’ The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: Part of the lower nodes is alternately skewed, the upper and lower nodes are connected on one side, while the internodes on the other side are swollen in tortoise shell shape, and the culms and branches have yellow and green longitudinal stripes with different widths, groove on branch side green; a few light yellow longitudinal pin strips. This is a rare ornamental bamboo species.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 187

187

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie f. curviculmis H. X. Wang et J. S. Peng The differences from Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are: Culms curved in an “s” shape, with 1-4 arc bends and an arc length of 1-4 m. Culms initially densely puberulent and white powdery, culm ring inconspicuous, internode length uneven, and the cross section of culm at the arc bend is elliptical to circular. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Phyllostachys elegans McClure Culms initially white powdery; internodes short, equal in length, finely ribbed; nodal ridge slightly elevated, nearly as prominent as sheath scar or slightly higher. Culm sheaths purple-green, densely speckled, deciduously strigose, margins glabrous; auricles green-purple, narrowly falcate; oral setae long, wavy; ligule pale purple-green, arcuate, narrow, ciliate; blade reflexed, purplegreen, linear, crinkled. The shoots are delicious; this species is fine for shoot production.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys fimbriligula T. H. Wen Culm internodes green, initially white powdery below nodes, glabrous; nodes extremely elevated, glabrous, nodal ridge as prominent as sheath scar. Culm sheaths initially green, tinged red-brown, with scattered, dark red-brown spots, sparsely deciduously hairy, attenuate toward apex, margins glabrous; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule to 1 cm, peaked, fimbriate, both sides decurrent; blade erect or reflexed, narrowly linear, flat. New shoots occur in May. This species is planted primarily for its edible shoots; it is famous for its high rate of shoot production.

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Phyllostachys flexuosa A. et C. Riv. Culms basally usually ± flexuose; internodes initially green, finely ribbed, later gray, initially perceptibly white powdery, especially below nodes, becoming blue-green, glabrous at maturity; nodal ridge moderately elevated, as prominent as sheath scar. Culm sheaths green-brown with purple veins, sometimes with pale yellow or yellow-green streaks, margin initially light yellow, becoming withered soon, usually with sparse to rather dense small brown spots, not or slightly white powdery, glabrous; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule arcuate, tall, narrow, purple-brown or sometimes yellow-green tinged with purple, margin with long and deciduous or short brown cilia, apex truncate or slightly arched; blade reflexed, green-purple with pale yellow or yellowish green margins, narrowly lanceolate to linear, flat or distally wrinkled. The shoots are delicious, and the culms are used as tool handles and are split for weaving. Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 191

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

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Phyllostachys glabrata S. Y. Chen & C. Y. Yao Culm internodes initially deep green, becoming gray-green in second and third year, ca. not white powdery, glabrous, slightly scabrous; nodal ridge weakly elevated, as prominent as sheath scar. Culm sheaths light red-brown or pale purple-yellow, with dense, purple-brown spots merging into cloudy blotches at apex, not white powdery, smooth and glabrous; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule pale brown, truncate or weakly convex, short, broad, sinuolate, ciliolate; blade reflexed, purple-green with purple-red or orange margins, narrowly triangular to linear, crinkled. New shoots occur in April, and flowering is in May. The species originated from Zhejiang, and is cultivated in Fujian and Anhui. The shoots are delicious.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 193

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys glauca McClure Culms internodes usually initially densely white powdery, glabrous, becoming gray yellow-green when aged; nodal ridge nearly equaling or slightly more prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths pale purple-brown or pale green-brown, usually alternating with pale and darker stripes, glabrous, with sparse small brown spots or cloudy brown blotches, margins usually dark brown; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule dark purple brown, truncate or sinuolate, thin slightly concave margin ciliolate or undulate dentate; blade spreading to reflexed, purple-green with yellow margins, linear-lanceolate to linear, flat or sometimes weakly crinkled. These culms have a good splitting property and can be used for weaving. The shoots taste bland.

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Phyllostachys glauca McClure var. variabilis J. L. Lu The differences with Phyllostachys glauca McClure are: Young culms glossy or thinly white powdery. Culm sheaths with longitudinal, cloudy brown blotches. This species originated from Bo’ai of Henan, and is cultivated in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui.

Phyllostachys glauca McClure f. yunzhu J. L. Lu The differences with Phyllostachys glauca McClure are: Young culms green, irregular purple-brown spots or blotches appear gradually after autumn of the first year. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 195

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys incarnata T. H. Wen Culm internodes initially thickly white powdery especially below nodes, glabrous; nodal ridge flat, as prominent as sheath scar, or raised and more prominent than sheath scar in slender culms. Culm sheaths brown-red or distally green on slender culms, sparsely small spotted, denser proximally, sometimes obscurely blotched, sparsely strigose on large culms, glabrous on small culms; auricles developed, purple-brown, falcate; oral setae flexuose, purple-brown; ligule purple-brown, arcuate or sometimes subtruncate, relatively tall, margin with long or shorter, dark purple or gray-white thick cilia; blade erect or reflexed, green to purple-brown, triangular to linear-triangular, wavy. New shoots are from April to May, and flowering is from April to May. This species is grown principally for its long season of prolific edible shoot production. Because of the bright color of the culm sheath, it is also cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Phyllostachys iridescens C. Y. Yao et S. Y. Chen

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Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

Culm internodes initially white powdery, gradually showing yellowgreen stripes in first two years, no stripes on aged culms; nodal ridge moderately elevated, as prominent as sheath scar. Culm sheaths purple-red or pale purple-red, with purple-brown margins, densely purple-brown spotted, thinly white powdery, glabrous; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule purple-brown, arcuate, broad, with long, purple-red cilia, blade reflexed, green with red-yellow margins, linear, flat or weakly crinkled. New shoots are in April, and flowering is from April to May. The species is cultivated in Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. This species is grown for its delicious shoots.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys iridescens C. Y. Yao et S. Y. Chen f. heterochroma P. X. Zhang The differences with Phyllostachys irides­ cens C. Y. Yao et S. Y. Chen are: Young culms bright yellow, sometimes with red blotches on basal and middle internodes, becoming yellow when aged; internodes branching side grooves green, a few internodes also have 1-2 fine green streaks; leaves partially with yellow-white longitudinal streaks. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Phyllostachys kwangsiensis W. Y. Hsiung, Q. H. Dai et J. K. Liu

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Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

Culm internodes initially green, becoming yellow-green or yellow, white powdery above and below nodes, densely puberulent; basal and middle internodes length equal; nodal ridge less prominent than sheath scar, absent at unbranched nodes. Culm sheaths brown-purple, with small sparse dark brown spots and few stripes, strigose; auricles inconspicuous; oral setae purple, long; ligule red-purple, truncate to arcuate, with dense cilia 1–2 cm; blade reflexed, green-purple, with yellow margins, narrowly lanceolate to linear, crinkled. The differences with Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie are the culms are thinner, internode lengths equal, culm sheaths spots smaller and sparse, ligule truncate or arcuate; leaves larger, sparsely ciliolate on both sides. These are obvious to identify.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys mannii Gamble Culms internodes initially bright green, sparsely retrorsely white hairy, not white powdery, becoming yellow-green or green; internodes long; nodal ridge weakly elevated, as prominent as or slightly more prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths leathery, hard and crispy, abaxially green-purple to purple, with pale yellow or yellow-green stripes, usually with sparse, small, dark spots, distal margins purple, proximal margins pale yellow or green, apex broadly truncate or slightly convex; auricles vary from absent to 2, purple, falcate, small to large; oral setae purple; ligule purple, usually slightly arcuate or truncate, relatively short, broad, with longer purple setae, white ciliolate; blade erect or sometimes spreading in upper sheaths, yellow-green or purple-green, triangular to linear-triangular, margins proximally purple, nearly flat to weakly crinkled. The culms are split for weaving mats and various articles. It is a fine species for afforestation.

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Phyllostachys meyeri McClure Culms initially white powdery below nodes; nodal ridge weakly elevated, as prominent as sheath scar or slightly more so; sheath scar initially purple-tinted, white pubescent. Culm sheaths abaxially brown-purple, dark green, or yellow-brown, sometimes striped with purple, distally with dense variably sized dark brown spots, proximally with sparser, smaller ones, white powdery, fringed with white pubescence at base; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule yellow-green to yellow-brown, arcuate with a central hump, moderately long, margin ciliolate; blade reflexed, purplegreen, with yellow margins, narrowly linear, ± undulate to weakly crinkled. This species is cultivated for greening.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys nigella Wen

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

Culms initially very thinly white powdery, glabrous, becoming yellow-green; nodal ridge equaling or slightly more prominent than sheath scar, white powdery below nodes. Culm sheaths brown to gray-green, with dense, variably sized spots forming a cloud on distal portion, thinly white powdery, brown strigose; auricles and oral setae well developed, dark purple; ligule dark purple, arcuate or truncate, ca. 2 mm, apex long ciliate; blade reflexed, abaxially dark purple, adaxially dark green, margins yellow, crinkled. Shooting period is May. This species originated from Fuyang of Zhejiang. It is cultivated in Anhui, Jiangsu, etc. The shoots are delicious, and the culms are used for making tool handles, weaving baskets, and constructing sheds.

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Phyllostachys nuda McClure Culms straight or sometimes with 1 or 2 geniculate nodes near base; internodes initially dark green, white powdery, basal nodes blotched dark purple, becoming gray-green or gray-white in age, striate, glabrous; wall thick; nodal ridge elevated, more prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths green-purple or faintly red-brown with purple veins, basal and mid-culm nodes distally blotched dark brown, white powdery, slightly scabrous between veins; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule yellow-green, truncate, ca. 4 mm, narrow, ciliate; blade reflexed, narrowly triangular to linear, initially weakly crinkled, later flat. Shooting period is from April to May, and flowering is in May. This is a fine species for shoot production. The species can be cultivated for greening. Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 203

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys nuda McClure f. localis Z. P. Wang et Z. H. Yu

Phyllostachys nuda McClure f. varians P. X. Zhang

The differences with Phyllostachys nuda McClure are: Culms initially dark green,later light purple spots gradually appear on basal several internodes; spots grow denser and darker on culms of two or three years, sometimes covering the whole internodes. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

The differences with Phyllostachys nuda McClure are: New leaves white, with green stripes, becoming green or light green. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Phyllostachys primotina Wen Culms initially green, glabrous, white powdery under nodes, becoming white powdery in whole culm, white colored; nodal ridge slightly elevated, sheath scar glabrous. Culm sheaths initially pale green, sparsely black brown fine spots, densely light yellow bristle, margin densely ciliolate; auricles absent; ligule brown, prominent, both sides extended downwards, apex long fimbriae, erect; blade reflexed, wrinkled, puberulent near base, long ciliolate on both sides. The species can be cultivated for greening. The shoots are edible.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys prominens W. Y. Xiong

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

Culms initially dark green, becoming yellow green to gray, not or initially thinly white powdery; internodes short, equal in length, except the basal and top ones, both ends of each internode conspicuously expand like trumpet, forming a strongly bulged nodes; nodal ridge strongly raised, more prominent than sheath scar, sheath scar also conspicuously elevated. Culm sheaths pale yellow-brown or tinged with red or green, with variably sized spots, denser near apex, sparsely light brown strigose, margins brown; auricles well developed, purple or green, falcate; oral setae long; ligule purple brown, densely ciliolate, sometimes also with longer cilia; blade reflexed, purple-green or pale green with orange or light yellow margins, linear-lanceolate, strongly crinkled.

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Phyllostachys propinqua McClure Culms not or initially thinly white powdery, glabrous; nodal ridge slightly elevated, as prominent as sheath scar; White powdery rings at both above and below nodes, initially thin, becoming thick. Culm sheaths narrow circular or linear, apex gradually rounded, glabrous, without or thinly white powdery; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule abaxially inconspicuously scabrous, apex more or less arcuate, margin ciliolate; blade reflexed, narrow, linear, flat or almost not wrinkled. This species is fine for shoot production.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys propinqua McClure f. lanuginose Wen The differences with Phyllostachys propinqua McClure are: Culm sheaths lower part gray green, distally yellow brown, with brown longitudinal stripes in between, top and middle sheath blades strongly wrinkled. Shooting occurs in middle April. This species is cultivated for greening.

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Phyllostachys rubromarginata McClure

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Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

Culms initially thinly white powdery; nodal ridge raised, equally with sheath scar; sheath scar margin initially with a dense ring of light-yellow bristle. Culm sheaths green or light green, unmarked or with sparse small spots on large shoots; no longitudinal stripes, or purple or golden wide stripes on basal sheaths, distal margin dark purple, lower part covered by dense light-yellow bristle, other parts glabrous; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule extremely short, ca. 1 mm, dark purple, truncate or slightly concave, dark purple hair much longer than ligule itself grows from back, margin white ciliate; blade green purple, linear, base width far narrower than ligule, recurved or slightly reflexed, flat. This species has a good splitting property, thus it is fine for weaving various types of articles. The shoots are edible and delicious.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys rutila Wen Culms green; internodes initially thinly white powdery or not, glabrous; nodes initially red-purple, nodal ridge more prominent than or equaling sheath scar. Culm sheaths red-brown, with brown veins and sparse spots, spots sometimes aggregated into large patch toward apex on larger sheaths, sparsely strigose, margins glabrous; auricles dark brown, oblong to ovate; oral setae to 2 cm; ligule arcuate or truncate, convex at middle, ± decurrent on both sides on large sheaths, ciliate; blade reflexed, purple, narrowly lanceolate, crinkled or sometimes nearly flat. New shoots occur in May. The species is cultivated for ornamental purposes because of its red-purple culm sheaths.

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Phyllostachys sulphurea (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. Culms initially thinly white powdery, glabrous, internodes sulfur-yellow, glossy; becoming golden yellow, usually with 1-2 light green stripes on several internodes, with a ring of discontinuous light green ring with an incised edge under the node, small holes or crystalline spots (visible under 10 × lens); nodal ridge not prominent or nearly so at unbranched nodes in larger culms; sheath scar slightly prominent, thin. Culm sheaths yellow or yellow-brown with green veins and brown rounded or more irregular spots of various sizes, thinly white powdery, glabrous; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule green-yellow, arcuate or truncate, margin pale green or white ciliate; blade reflexed, green with orange margins, narrowly triangular to linear, weakly crinkled. Shooting occurs in May. The species is commonly planted for ornamental purposes.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys sulphurea (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. var. viridis R. A. Young Culms are larger than those of Phyllostachys sulphurea (Carr.) A. et C. Riv., green, no longitudinal stripes on internodes, the color of culm sheath and the marks on sheath are bot darker, leaves green without stripes. This species originated in China, and is distributed widely from the Yellow River Basin to the Yangtze River Basin and in Fujian Province. These culms are used for construction. The shoots taste slightly bitter.

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Phyllostachys sulphurea (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. f. houzeauana (C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao) Chao et Renv. The differences with Phyllostachys sulphurea (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. are: Culms green, grooves on the branching side of internodes yellow or light yellow; leaves green, without stripes of other colors. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys sulphurea (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. f. robertii Chao et Renv. The differences with Phyllostachys sulphurea (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. are: Culms are yellowish green immediately after the sheath fall, thickly white powdery, later gradually turned into golden yellow. This species is planted for ornamental purposes.

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Phyllostachys sulphurea (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. f. viridisulcata (P. X. Zhang) P. X. Zhang The differences with Phyllostachys sulphurea (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. are: Culms yellow, grooves at internode branching side are green; green thin longitudinal stripes on basal several internodes. This species is planted for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 215

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys tianmuensis Z. P. Wang et N. X. Ma Culm internodes initially bright green, glossy, glabrous, no white powdery; nodes initially purple-green, moderately raised, nodal ridge as prominent as sheath scar. Culm sheaths thinly white powdery, pale red brown, with small, brown spots densest basally, less dense apically, sparse at center, margins distally red-brown, without cilia; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule dark purple-brown, apex arcuate or subtruncate, ciliolate, with erect, thick bristles; blade reflexed, green, with yellow margins, narrowly lanceolate to linear, apex or distally crinkled. Shooting occurs in late March and lasts until late April. This species is planted for greening.

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Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv.

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Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

Some culm basal nodes slightly geniculate, middle ones slightly constricted; nodes moderately elevated; internodes initially dark green, with conspicuous purple marks and longitudinal stripes, densely white powdery, glabrous; becoming pale green or yellowish green, with brown, light brown or yellowish-brown longitudinal stripes, with powdery ring and powdery scale under nodes. Culm sheaths yellowish-brown with green, or sheaths at upper parts of thin culms are distally light yellowish brown, middle lower sheaths pale green, margin purple brown, abaxially sparsely to densely purple brown spots, top parts especially dense, glabrous, white powdery; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule initially yellowish green, becoming purple-brown, apex arcuate for basal sheaths, protuberant for middle upper sheaths, both sides decurrent, white ciliolate; blade reflexed, green, narrowly linear-lanceolate, strongly crinkled in middle lower parts of culm, flat in upper culm. This species is fine for shoot production.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. f. chrysoderma T. G. Chen The differences with Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv are: Culms and branches are yellow; basal nodes occasionally with green longitudinal stripes. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. f. notata (S. Y. Chen et C. Y. Yao) G. H. Lai The differences with Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv are: Culms are mainly green, but the grooves on branching side of the internodes are yellow. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys 219

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. f. viridisulcata (P. X. Zhang et W. X. Huang) G. H. Lai The differences with Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv are: Culms initially bright yellow, sometimes with red tinge marks, becoming mainly yellow, grooves on branching side of the internodes green, other parts green striated. Leaves partially pale white striated; culm sheaths yellowish brown, with light yellow longitudinal stripes. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. ‘Flavistriatus’ The difference with Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv is leaves have green and yellow stripes. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. ‘Flavivaginis’

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Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

The difference with Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv is yellow longitudinal stripes on culm sheaths and sheath blades. The species can be cultivated for greening.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv.‘Linanensis’ The differences with Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv are: Culms usually geniculate, sometimes flexuous; internodes short and thick like sugarcane, uneven in length, normally swelling toward one side; nodes slightly elevated; culms initially green, sparsely white powdery, becoming dark brown with a little yellow color, no marks; culm sheaths sepia, with dense purplish brown spots and marks, distally denser. This species is fine for shoot production. It can also be planted for greening.

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Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. ‘Prevernalis’ The differences with Phyllostachys violascens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv are: Culms straight, no curve; internodes thinner and longer, nearly equal in length, middle part slightly constricted; nodes moderately elevated; culms initially green to dark green, without purple tinge spots nor stripes, sparsely white powdery or only so under nodes, becoming pale green, also no longitudinal stripes of other colors, tarnished; culm sheaths light yellowish brown with green, sparsely to middle dense purple brown spots. This species is fine for shoot production, and can be planted for greening.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys virella Wen Culm internodes 30 cm, initially green, not white powdery, puberulent, becoming light green, white powdery on upper portion at maturity, sometimes minutely pitted; nodal ridge more prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths gray-green, larger ones evenly and sparsely strewn with small spots, distal margins tinged with purple, glabrous throughout even on margins; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule dark purple, truncate, 1–2 mm, margin with purple cilia ca. 5 mm; blade erect, green, with purple margins, triangular to linear, and distally crinkled. New shoots occur from April to May. This species originated from Zhejiang, and is now cultivated in Anhui and Jiangsu.

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Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv. Culm internodes initially white powdery; nodes initially purple; nodes with ridge slightly more prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths pale purple-brown, sometimes tinged with yellowgreen, speckled brown spots, sometimes denser and larger spots near apex, yellow strigose; auricles purple-brown to pale green, narrowly falcate, located at different heights on top of sheaths; oral setae to 2 cm, pale green; ligule tall but narrow, ± asymmetrical with one side more decurrent than other, apex strongly convex, margin ciliate; blade reflexed, yellow-green with orange margins, linear, distally crinkled. New shoots occur in late April. The species is planted for greening.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys vivax McClure Culms initially thinly white powdery, glabrous, becoming pale green to light yellowish green, with conspicuous longitudinal ribs; nodes usually asymmetrical, nodal ridge usually more prominent than sheath scar on one side. Culm sheaths yellow-green tinged with purple, or pale brown-­ yellow, glabrous, slightly white powdery, densely spotted and blotched with brown especially toward center; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule pale brown to brown, arcuate, strongly decurrent on both flanks, ciliolate; blade reflexed, abaxially brown-purple, adaxially green, marginally paler or faintly orange-colored, linear-lanceolate, strongly crinkled. New shoots occur in mid to late April. This species is usually planted for shoot production.

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Phyllostachys vivax McClure f. aureocaulis N. X. Ma The differences with Phyllostachys vivax McClure are: Culms yellow, a few internodes have 1-2 green longitudinal streaks on branching side. Leaves partially with a few pale yellow longitudinal fine stripes. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes. The shoots are delicious.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys vivax McClure f. huangwenzhu J. L. Lu

Phyllostachys Phyllostachys

The differences with Phyllo­ stachys vivax McClure are: Culms mainly green, only the grooves on the branching side of internodes are yellow, or with yellow longitudinal stripes in the grooves. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Phyllostachys vivax McClure f. viridivittata P. X. Zhang et G. H. Lai The differences with Phyllostachys vivax McClure are: Culms yellow, grooves on the branching side or internodes are green, a few green streaks outside the grooves. Leaves partially with a few pale yellow fine longitudinal stripes. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Phyllostachys yunhoensis S. Y. Chen et C. Y. Yao Culm internodes green, white powdery, becoming light green when aging, gray-white powdery; nodal ridge slightly elevated, as prominent as sheath scar. Culm sheaths dark green to yellow-brown, with variably sized, scattered, brown spots, denser toward apex, thinly white powdery, glossy, glabrous; auricles deciduous, green, falcate to ovate; oral setae dense, purple, ca. 5 mm; ligule purple, arcuate, long purple ciliate; blade reflexed, purple-green or green, with orange-yellow margins, linear, crinkled. New shoots occur in middle April. The shoots are delicious. This species is cultivated for shoot production.

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Chimonobambusa

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Chimonobambusa marmoreal (Mitford) Makino This species is shrub shaped, basal several nodes with rings of thorny aerial roots; internodes cylindrical, green, tinged with purple-brown, wall thick, basal nodes nearly solid; nodal ridge slightly prominent, sheath scar initially with a dark brown tomentose ring below, later gradually glabrous; each internode branching 3, later develops into many. Culm sheaths papery, persistent, longer than internodes, abaxially yellow brown, with marbling gray- white spots, glabrous, base with sparsely yellow hispid, margins with inconspicuous deciduous cilia; auricle absent; ligule minute, truncate or slightly arcuate; blade conical, basal part where connects with culm sheath nearly no articulate.

Chimonobambusa Chimonobambusa 232

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Chimonobambusa neopurpurea Yi

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Chimonobambusa Chimonobambusa

Lower internodes almost all with well developed thorny aerial roots; internodes at middle part ca. 18–25 cm, green, or some initially purple, internode base with light purple longitudinal stripes, glabrous, cylindrical, or slightly square at culm base; supra-nodal ridges slightly prominent; sheath scar raised, initially yellowish brown setose, becoming glabrous. Branching high. Culm sheaths thinly papery or papery, persistent or deciduous, basal ones longer than internodes, narrowly triangular, apex acuminate, purple-brown with gray-white spots or round spots, sparsely brown or yellow setose, dense and annular at base part, with obvious small transverse veins and well-developed yellow cilia at the middle and upper margin; auricles absent; ligule membranous, arcuate, margin ciliolate; blade minute, basal connection with sheath top nearly no articulate. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (Fenzi) Makino Culms erect, internodes obtusely 4-angled, initially covered with dense, decurrent, yellowish brown setose, verrucous bases were left after the setose fall, consequently sparsely coarsely scabrid (especially internodes at middle part), lower nodes each with a ring of short, declined root thorns; nodes prominent, supra-nodal ridge raised at branching nodes, level at branchless nodes; sheath scar corky, initially with a golden-brown, tomentose, minutely setose ring, later glabrous. Culm sheaths early deciduous, papery or thick papery, shorter than internodes, abaxially glabrous or sometimes apically sparsely tomentose, veins prominent, transverse veinlets purple, obviously square shaped, margins ciliate; auricles, oral setae, and ligule absent; blade extremely small, subulate, 3–5 mm, base connections with sheath inarticulate. This species is fine for shoot production in highland areas.

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Qiongzhuea

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Qiongzhuea tumidinoda Hsueh et Yi Culm internodes green, glossy, glabrous, not powdery; wall thick, basal internodes nearly solid, apically gradually hollow; nodes conspicuously enlarged into very prominent, raised discs, the upper and lower discs were connected by a shallow groove like a circular suture in the middle, this part is easy to be brittle broken under the influence of external force, with flat fracture; sheath scar slightly woody because of the residue of culm sheath, initially brown setose, later glabrous; culm branching 3, sometimes with 1-4 secondary branches except main branches. Culm sheaths deciduous, purple red or purple tinged with green. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes. These culms can be used for furniture, walking sticks, etc.

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Qiongzhuea communis Hsueh Basal internodes slightly square-shaped or cylindrical, glossy, glabrous; nodal ridge flat or slightly prominent on none branching nodes, each internode branching usually 3, branch nodes prominent. Culm sheath early deciduous, papery or thick papery, fresh shoots dark green, turn to light yellowish brown when sheaths fall, oblong or long triangular, abaxially smooth, glabrous and glassy, longitudinal veins not conspicuous; auricles absent; ligule ca.around 1 mm; blade triangular or subulate, ca. 5-11 mm, glabrous, with conspicuous longitudinal veins, base connection with sheath top articulate, therefore easy to fall, margin often rolled inward.

筇竹属

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Chimonocalamus

Chimonocalamus delicatus Hsueh et Yi

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Chimonocalamus Chimonocalamus

Culms initially purple-brown, scabrous with verrucous bases left by fallen bristles, light yellow and glabrous when old; internodes cylindrical or slightly 4-angled; sheath scar glabrous; nodes prominent like narrow ridge; Thick, short, spiny aerial roots on lower none-branching nodes; branching high, main branches 3, branch base node sometimes with a few spiny aerial roots, branch nodes extremely prominent, small branches many, grown from every node of main branches. Culm sheaths leathery, crispy and easy to be broken, oblong, distally attenuate, abaxially powdery, densely covered by a layer of penniform brown bright bristles, gradually sparse as the bristles fall; oral tongue like, protuberant, 7-12 mm, shoulders narrow; auricles absent or occasionally may be minute, with well developed hair; ligule light yellowish brown, glossy, irregular dentate, also protuberant, middle part hight around 4 mm, extend from concavity part to oral shoulders, become wide, slightly extroverted, thus exposed on both sides of blade base, shaped like ligules; blade linear lanceolate,glabrous, with conspicuous longitudinal veins, horizontal veins blurring.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Chimonocalamus Chimonocalamus

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Acidosasa

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Acidosasa chienouensis (Wen) C. S. Chao et Wen Culms initially green, glabrous, glaucous; nodes prominent or slightly prominent, persistent sheath base initially setose, soon fall off; middle internodes branching 3, gradually more on upper internodes. Culm sheaths glaucous-green, shorter than internodes, yellow-brown to brown setose, setae deciduous but leaving hairy traces, densely yellow-brown bristles at base part, with inconspicuous small transverse vein, apex obtuse circular or subtruncate; auricles well developed, small, pubescent; oral setae radiating, ca. 5 mm; ligule prominent, arched or bulging, 2–3 mm; blade deciduous, erect or reflexed, green, narrowly lanceolate, margin serrulate. New shoots occur in March and April.

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Acidosasa edulis (Wen) Wen Culms initially green, flattened above branches, cylindrical below branches, nodes swollen with ridges, white powdery or tuberculate below nodes; sheath scar glabrous, prominent. Culm sheaths initially abaxially green, margin purple or light brown to brown, subtriangular, brown setose, base densely pubescent, margin ciliate, apex narrow; auricles narrowly falcate, expanded, brown tomentose, oral setae radiate, expanded, ciliolate on both sides, ca. 1.2 cm; ligule 3-4 mm, center raised like spike, apex margin ciliate; blade reflexed, purple, narrow lanceolate, scabrid on two sides, surface with longitudinal vein, strigose near base.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Acidosasa purpurea (Hsueh et T. P. Yi) P. C. Keng Culms initially glabrous, glaucous below nodes, cavity with spongy pith; nodes prominent, sheath base initially with brown setose, each internode branching 3. Culm sheaths unspotted, leathery, setose, transverse veins obscure, base densely setose, apex truncate; auricles and cilia absent; ligule arched or triangular, 2–6 mm, ciliolate; blade lanceolate, ca. 5-10 cm, erect, abaxially densely ciliolate. New shoots occur in April, and flowering period is from May to September.

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Acidosasa Acidosasa

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Acidosasa yixingensis (S. L. Chen et S. Y. Chen) G. H. Lai

Acidosasa Acidosasa

Culms erect, initially yellow-green tinged with purple, glabrous, thickly white pubescent, turn to dark green tinged with yellow when old, covered with adhesive grayish black powder; internodes cylindrical, slightly concave at base of branching side; nodal ridge slightly prominent, equal with sheath scar; inner nodes fully covered with adhesive black powder; sheath scar more of less covered with phellem residues; branching low, 3-5 on each internode, conspicuous white powdery under new branch nodes. Culm sheath green to green-yellow, apex margin scorched color, thin leathery or thick papery, late deciduous, abaxially with deciduous thick white powder (appear to be pink-green), and purple bristles, margin with purple-red long cilia, base with inconspicuous cilia; auricles crescent-shaped, purplered, appressed to oral, oral setae thick, purple red, straight and coarse; ligule 4-5 mm, apex prominent or truncate, thick while powdery; blade purple-green, short linear or lanceolate, reflexed, densely white setose on both sides, adaxially more so, apex short, sharp, base slightly narrower, serrulate on both margins. New shoots occur in May.

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Acidosasa gigantean Wen Culm internodes basally flattened at branching side, initially green, white powdery, especially so under nodes, glabrous, with hogskin like minute pits, green-yellow when old, not white powdery, glabrous; sheath scar slightly prominent, narrow, glabrous or with yellow-brown setose; node prominent with ridge. Culm sheath deciduous, leathery, triangular, apex narrow, abaxially initially golden to light red-brown, completely white powdery and decurrent purplebrown stinging bristle, margin apically purple-brown ciliate, basally nearly glabrous; auricles well developed, oval to oblong, undulate, outerside covered with brown coarse hair, setae brown, long, erected; ligule ca. 3-5 mm, 2-4 cm wide, central protuberant like mountain top, abaxially brown scabrous, apex margin grow 2-3 mm brown cilia; blade lanceolate to long triangular, ca. 3-6 cm, green, no white powder, erect or reflexed, apex acuminate, margin brown bristles, both sides glabrous and with longitudinal veins.

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Oligostachyum

Oligostachyum hupehense (J. L. Lu) Z. P. Wang et G. H. Ye

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Oligostachyum Oligostachyum

Culm internodes light green-purple, initially retrorsely white setulose; nodes elevated, supra-nodal ridge more prominent than sheath scar; sheath scar with persistent base of sheath and deciduous ring of hairs. Branches 3 per internodes, later may increase to 4-5. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, purple-green when fresh, pale brown when dry, abaxia­ lly with deciduous flattened strigose, densely retrorsely brown puberulent at base, margins brown ciliate; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule pale brown, arcuate, abaxially hispidulous, white ciliolate; blade deciduous with articulate base, erect, narrowly triangular to linear-lanceolate, both surfaces pubescent especially toward base, margins brown ciliate. New shoots occur in late April.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Oligostachyum lanceolatum G. H. Ye & Z. P. Wang Culm internodes purple-green, glabrous, initially with a white powdery ring below nodes, weakly grooved above branches; nodes elevated, supra-nodal ridge equaling sheath scar or slightly more prominent; branches 3 per internode, branches spreading. Culm sheaths deciduous, dull green, with yellow-green streaks and purple ciliate margins when fresh, becoming pale brown with gray-black margins in upper part, upper 2/3 with brown or pale brown strigose hairs or striae and with brown papillae left by fallen hairs; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule purple, arcuate, glabrous, margin weakly sinuous; blade erect to reflexed, deep green with purple apex, narrowly lanceolate, both ends gradually narrowed, margins ciliate, otherwise glabrous.

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Oligostachyum lubricum (Wen) Keng f. Culm internodes green, basally flattened above branches, without powder, glabrous; branches 3 per internode, nearly equal in diam. Culm sheaths green, sparsely white or yellow hairy or with imprints and brown papillae from fallen hairs, margins white ciliate; auricles purple or brown, ovate or rarely falcate; oral setae erect, apically flexuose; ligule purple, truncate, ca. 1.5 mm, margin purple ciliate; blade green, broadly lanceolate, margins ciliate, base contracted, apex acuminate. New shoots occur from May to October.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Oligostachyum oedogonatum (Z. P. Wang et G. H. Ye) Q. F. Zhang et K. F. Huang

Oligostachyum Oligostachyum

Culm internodes initially dull green becoming gray-green, with sparse minute black dots, basally swollen like a upside down baseball bat, white powdery, glabrous; supra-nodal ridge strongly elevated, much more prominent than slightly elevated sheath scar. Branches (3–)5(–7) per node, horizontally spreading, subequal in diam. Culm sheaths deciduous, papery, aba­ xially green tinged with purple, basally, marginally, and apically dark purple, thinly white powdery, lower and middle culm sheaths rather densely strigose; auricles deciduous, deep purple, small; oral setae 3–5, purple; ligule subtruncate, ca. 3 mm, margins subglabrous; blade reflexed or spreading, deep purple, lanceolate to linear. New shoots occur in May. This species is cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Oligostachyum scabriflorum (McClure) Z. P. Wang et G. H. Ye Culms initially dark green, with purple markings, white powdery below nodes, glabrous or with sparse or dense pubescence; internodes ca. 40 cm or longer; nodes weakly elevated, supra-nodal ridge as prominent as sheath scar or more prominent in slender culms, intranode length 4-5 mm; branches 3 per node, spreading. Culm sheaths yellow-green or green in smaller shoots, strawcolored after dry, distally white powdery, upper part both sides may have wide burnt-colored margin, with irregular, longitudinal, brown spots and streaks at lower nodes, these diminishing in mid-culm and absent in upper culm; auricles and oral setae not developed; ligule purple, arcuate or convex, to ca. 2-5 mm, puberulent, ciliate; blade reflexed, usually purple-tinged, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, contracted at base. New shoots and flowering occur in May.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Oligostachyum sulcatum Z. P. Wang et G. H. Ye

Oligostachyum Oligostachyum

Internodes initially purple-green, white powdery under nodes, turn to green-yellow when old; basally or completely grooved above branches; nodes weakly developed, supra-nodal ridge slightly more prominent than sheath scar; branches 3 per node. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, abaxia­ lly yellow-green, without marks, white powdery and densely brown appressed strigose, especially densely so at base, margins with hard cilia in lower culm; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule ca. 3.5 mm, convex at middle, glabrous, ciliate; blade erect or spreading, green tinged with purple, triangular-ovate to linear-­lanceolate, proximally contracted. New shoots occur in May, and flowering is from April to May. This species is fine for greening.

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Oligostachyum Oligostachyum

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Oligostachyum spongiosum (C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao) G. H. Ye

Oligostachyum Oligostachyum

Culms initially green, glabrous, thinly white powdery, especially so under nodes, becoming yellow-green, pith spongy and fully stucked the cavity of internodes; internodes cylindrical, weakly grooved above branches; nodes elevated; branches 3 per node. Culm sheaths red-brown when fresh, gray-brown when dry, apex triangularly attenuated, strewn with brown forward strigose hairs or later with striae, base densely setose and hirtellous, margins brown setose; auricles absent; oral setae absent or rarely weakly developed; ligule arcuate, ca. 1 mm, ciliate; blade persistent, erect, narrowly triangular or triangular-lanceolate, faintly crinkled, base nearly as broad or slightly narrower than apex of culm sheaths. New shoots occur in May.

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Pleioblastus

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Pleioblastus argenteastriatus (Regel) E. G. Camus Culms ca. 0.3-0.5 m, diam. 0.2-0.3 cm, internodes ca. 10 cm, green, glabrous, with a narrow ring of white powder under nodes. Culm sheaths green, shorter than internodes, with long white ciliate at base, margin with light brown cilia; auricles absent, with white, erected long setae; ligule almost invisible; blade small on lower part of culms small, upper part ones are leaf-shaped. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, green, occasionally with yellow or white longitudinal streaks. This species is cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Pleioblastus chino (Franch. et Savat.) var. hisauchii Makino

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Pleioblastus Pleioblastus

Culm walls extremely thick or nearly solid; internodes initially purple-green to dark blackish green, thinly white powdery, turn to dark green when old, glabrous, smooth, cylindrical, with grooves above branches; node ridge flat to slightly prominent; sheath scar slight prominent, with a ring of residue from sheath base, with distinctive powdery ring under nodes; branching from 5-7 internodes, 3 to 9 per node, branches erected or upward. Culm sheaths persistent or late deciduous, thin papery, light dark green, apex tinged with light purple, glabrous, smooth, white powdery, margin with deciduous cream-like colored cilia, base with a ring of deciduous microhair; auricles absent, rarely seen 1 or 2 erected oral setae; ligule truncate, thick, abaxially strigoes; blade erected or slightly slender, narrow triangular lanceolate, bluish green, shorter than sheaths, margin slightly rolled inward, deciduous, base contracted, 1/3 to ½ of sheath apex. New shoots occur from middle May to middle June.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Pleioblastus fortunei (Van Houtte) Nakai Leaves short and small, lanceolate, 6–15 × 0.8– 1.4 cm, apex acuminate, base broadly cuneate or suborbicular; white pubescent, more densely so abaxially, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate. This species is fine for ornamental purposes in parks or gardens. It can also be used for Bonsai.

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Pleioblastus gramineus (Bean) Nakai Underground rhizome amphipodial, because the number of culms developed from terminal buds is more than that extended into rhizome, the ground surface culms are usually clumping. Culms erect; initially green-yellow, lately dark green, completely glabrous, white powdery under node; internodes usually cylindrical, with grooves above branches; culm nodes slightly prominent; sheath scar usually with persistent residue of sheaths; branches many on every node, clumping, upward, forming small angles with culm, branching low. Culm sheaths thinly leathery, green to yellowish green, apex color lighter, without marks, abaxially initially with light brown bristles, lately fall off and become glabrous; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule truncate or slightly concave; blade linear or wide linear, pale green, erect or spreading, apex acuminate, glabrous. New shoots occur in late May. These culms grow in clumps, upper parts drooping, leaves narrow and long, elegant in form. This species is usually cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Pleioblastus gramineus (Bean) Nakai f. manstopiralis Muroi et H. Hamada The differences with Pleioblastus gramineus (Bean) Nakai are: Culm base deformed and twisted like a spiral, some are levorotatory, others are dextral, branches and leaves are slender and drooping. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Pleioblastus hsienchuensis Wen Culms cavity narrow, white powdery below nodes; nodes prominent; sheath scar with phellem residues. Culm sheath green, thick papery, abaxially sparsely setose, later almost glabrous, white powdery, base with a wring of dense bristles, margins without cilia, apex acute; auricles developed, falcate, subamplexicaul, ca. 7 mm, width 1-2 mm, or may be wider; oral setae dense, erect, 1–1.5 cm, radiate; ligules truncate or prominent; blade reflexed at culm base, linear, slightly hairy, length about 1/3 of sheath, puberulent on both sides, margins serrulate. New shoots occur in June.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Pleioblastus maculatus (McClure) C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao

Pleioblastus Pleioblastus

Culms initially green, densely glaucous, sheath scar brown setose, with a ring of white short cilia under node, otherwise glabrous, turn to yellowish green when old, with small amounts of gray black powdery marks; internodes subcylindrical, slightly grooved above branches; both nodes and sheath scars are elevated, nearly glabrous; sheath scars with phellem residue from sheath base. Culm sheaths brown-red, slightly tinged with purplish green, late deciduous, oily, glossy, with unevenly scattered brown spots, especially dense apically or basally, basally brown setose, otherwise glabrous, margins entire, without cilia; auricles absent or very reduced, brown, dotlike or ovate; oral setae few, erect or curved, deciduous; ligule low truncate or slightly concave or convex, dark brown-red, entire, without cilia; blade green, tinged with purple, reflexed and pendulous, linear-­ lanceolate, basally contracted, brown-red near base, slightly hairy, scabrous, apex acuminate, remotely serrulate or nearly entire, revolute.

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Pleioblastus Pleioblastus

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Pleioblastus pygmaea (Miq.) E. G. Camus This species is undersized. Culm sheaths shorter than internodes, glabrous, margins brown ciliate; auricles absent; blade triangular lanceolate, amplexicaul. This species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Pleioblastus simonii (Carr.) Nakai f. variegatus (Hook.) Muroi Leaves green with white longitudinal stripes, or sometimes white with a few green longitudinal stripes. This species is cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Bashania

Bashania fargesii (E. G. Camus) Keng f. et Yi Culms erect, initially dark green and white powdery, later turn to pale yellow; Nodal ridge elevated, initially covered by brown bristles, later glabrous; sheath scar slightly elevated, ridged; branches initially 3 per node, later may be more, main branches more distinctive. Culm sheaths slightly shorter than matured internodes, green when fresh, pale yellow after dry, abaxially with brown bristles, with papillae and imprints after bristles fall, ligule 2–4 mm, irregularly dentate on upper margin; auricles absent; oral setae deciduous, present at both sides of oral apex; blade lanceolate, erect, initially green, adaxially tomentose at base, margins spiny ciliate and coarse, undulate.

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Pseudosasa

Pseudosasa amabilis (McClure) Keng f. var. convexa Z. P. Wang The differences with Pleioblastus simonii (Carr.) Nakai are: Culm sheaths apically prominent on both sides; ligule glaucous.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Pseudosasa cantori (Munro) Keng f. Culm internodes terete; nodes obscure. Branches 3 per node. Culm sheaths gradually deciduous, thick papery or then leathery, brown-yellow, tinged with purple, ca. 1/2 as long as internodes, abaxially glabrous, smooth or sparsely brown setose, margins densely golden ciliolate; auricles developed, semilunar or falcate, margin with many erected, undulant, coarse setae; ligule arcuate or truncate, slightly convexed, scabrid, ciliolate; blade erect, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, with distinctive horizontal veins, margins serrulate, apex acuminate. New shoots occur in March.

Pseudosasa guanxianensis Yi

Pseudosasa Pseudosasa

Culms terete; internodes slightly flat at bottom of branching side, green, glabrous; nodal ridge slightly elevated to elevated, glabrous, glossy; sheath scar prominent, more or less with fiber residues from sheaths and brown-black retrorse bristles; branches 3-5(8) per node, bottom attached or rarely not attached to culm, extending upward. Culm sheaths persistent, pale green or purple-green, leathery or cartilaginous, crispy, dark brown strigose, margin apically with yellow-brown short cilia, base with dense dark brown bristles; auricles elliptic, dark brown, oral setae radiate, spreading, light yellow; ligule truncate, gray brown, glabrous, with gray yellow, 2-8 mm cilia; blade linear-lanceolate, reflexed or decurved, deciduous, base narrowed down, margin serrulate. New shoots occur in April.

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Pseudosasa hindsii (Munro) C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao Culms initially white powdery under nodes, upper internodes glaucous; branches 3–5 per node, erect, attached to culm. Culm sheaths persistent, leathery, sparsely white or light brown setose, apex round arcuate; auricles falcate; oral setae curved; ligule arcuate; blade erect, broadly ovate-lanceolate, nearly as wide as sheath apex, base slightly constricted, apex acuminate. New shoots occur in May and June, and flowering is from July to August.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Pseudosasa japonica (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Makino ‘Tsutsumiana’ The differences with Pseudosasa japonica (Sieb. et Zucc.) Makino are: The internodes are distinctively shorter; internode base expands in vase shape. The species can be cultivated for ornamental purposes.

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Pseudosasa japonica (Sieb. et Zucc.) Makino f. akebonosuji Muroi et H. Okamura The differences with Pseudosasa japonica (Sieb. et Zucc.) Makino are: Leaves green, with yellow longitudinal stripes.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Pseudosasa subsolida S. L. Chen Culms terete, internodes basally slightly grooved above branches; wall thick, nearly solid, pith spongy; nodes flattened; sheath scars weakly distinct; branches 1-3 per node, attached to culm, secondary branches usually 1 per node. Shoots light purple-brown; culm sheaths light yellowbrown, apically purplish, thick papery, abaxially glabrous, obscurely streaked, striate, margins densely ciliate; auricle punctiform, oral setae deciduous, erect and extended, uneven; ligule arcuate, abaxially scabrid, ciliolate; blade erect on basal sheaths, revolute on apical ones, same color with culm sheaths, small, involute when dry. New shoots occur in early April.

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Sasa

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Sasa auricoma E. G. Camus Culms undersized; internodes, culm sheaths, leave blade are all puberulent, young leaves yellow, with green stripes, turn to green when old. This species is cultivated for greening and ornamental purposes.

Sasa

Sasa

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Indocalamus

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Indocalamus decorus Q. H. Dai Culm internodes initially green, white powdery and tomentose, with a brown tomentose ring below nodes. Culm sheaths shorter than internode, yellow-green when fresh, white tomentose, becoming straw colored, tinged with red when dry, base edged with dark brown setae, margins brown ciliate; auricles falcate; oral setae 4–5 mm; ligule extremely short, ca. 1 mm, puberulent; blade broadly triangular, erect, amplexicaul, abaxially glabrous, adaxially hirtellous between veins, margins minutely brown ciliate. New shoots occur in April. This species can be cultivated for greening and ornamental purposes.

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Indocalamus guangdongensis H. R. Zhao et Y. L. Yang Culm internodes initially yellow-green or purple, white powdery of medium density, and white tomentose, hairs denser and forming a brown ring below nodes; wall ca. 0.4 mm thick; nodes flat, sheath scar more elevated than nodes. Culm sheaths green tinged with purple, shorter than internodes, thick leathery, white tomentose and dark brown hairy, base corky; auricles falcate, brown; oral setae radiate, flexuose; ligule truncate to arcuate, 0.5–1 mm, densely puberulent; blade broad, amplexicaul, base subtruncate, apex acute. New shoots occur in April and May.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Indocalamus latifolius (Keng) McClure Culm internodes puberulent, with a dense, brown tomentose ring below each node; nodes slightly elevated, sheath scar flat. Culm sheaths distally loosely enclosing culm, lower sheaths closely enclosing culm, thick papery or papery, usually brown strigose or white tomentose, later strigose fall, margins brown ciliate; auricles absent or inconspicuous; oral setae sparse, short, scabrid; ligule truncate, 0.5–2 mm, apex glabrous or ciliate and fimbriate; blade erect, linear or narrowly lanceolate. New shoots occur in April and May.

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Indocalamus longiauritus Handel-Mazzetti Culms dull green, white pubescent, with a pale red-brown tomentose ring below nodes; wall 1.5–2 mm thick; nodes slightly flat, nodal ridge slightly higher than sheath scar; 1 branch per node, branches extend upward. Culm sheaths thick leathery, green tinged with purple, inner edge attached to the culm, outer edge loosen, base with raised corky ring, or a ring of dark brown strigose, abaxially with brown appressed purple strigose hairs or striae; auricles well developed, falcate, 3-55 mm, width 1-6mm, green tinged with purple, becoming brown when dry; oral setae radiate, light brown, ca. 1 cm; ligule truncate, 0.5–1 mm, cilia ca. 0.3-3 mm, fimbriate or no cilia; blade green tinged with purple, narrowly triangular to ovate-lanceolate, erected, base constricted, abruptly rounded, apex acuminate. New shoots occur in April and May.

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Sasaella

Sasaella glabra (Nakai) Nakai ex Koidz. f. albostriata Muroi Leaves green, with yellow stripes. This species is fine for greening.

Sasaella kongosanensis Makino f. aureostriatus Muroi & Y. Tanaka Leaves initially green, yellow stripes appear gradually later.

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Hibanobambusa

Hibanobambusa tranguillans (Koidz.) Maruy. et H. Okamura f. shiroshim H. Okamura The difference with Hibanobambusa tran­ quillans (Koidz.) Maruy. & H.Okamura is: Leaves with white or light yellow stripes.

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Guadua

Guadua angustifolia Kunth This species originated from South America, and is one of the largest-sized, most valuable economic species in the locality. It is mainly used as materials for construction and engineered laminated panels. It is introduced and cultivated in Hua’an Bamboo Garden of Fujian.

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Illustrations of bamboos in China

Guadua Guadua

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Bibliography

Geng, Bojie 耿伯介, Zhengping Wang 王正平, et al. Zhongguo zhiwuzhi dijiujuan diyifence 中国植物志 第 九卷第一分册 [Flora of China: Vol. 9 (1)]. Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 1996. Lai, Guanghui 赖广辉. “Gangzhushu erge bianxing de xinmingming ji huayetangzhu de xinyiming” 刚竹属 2 个变型的新命名及花叶唐竹的新异名 [New scientifc name of two forma of Phyllostachys spp. and new synonym of Sinobambusa tootsik f. albostriata]. Shijie zhuteng tongxun 世界竹藤通讯 11, no. 4 (2013): 21-23. Lai, Guanghui 赖广辉. “Gangzhushu zhiwu feisunqi yingyangti fenlei de chubu yanjiu” 刚竹属植物非笋 期营养体分类的初步研究 [A preliminary study on species classification of the genus Phyllostachys (Gramineae: Bambusoideae) based on vegetative characters in nonsprouting state]. Redai yaredai zhiwu xuebao 热带亚热带植物学报 23, no. 1 (2015): 17-24. Li, Lin 李林. “Chizhu yazu (Sasinae Keng f.) xitongfenlei de yanjiu” 赤竹亚族 (Sasinae Keng f.) 系统分类 的研究 [Study on the phylogenetic classification of Sasinae Keng f]. PhD diss., Nanjing Linye Daxue 南 京林业大学, 2009.

Li, Shuchu 李书春, and Shihua Wu 吴诗华. “Anhui gangzhushu erxinzhong” 安徽刚竹属二新种 [Two new species of Phyllostachys from Anhui]. Anhui nongxueyuan xuebao 安徽农学院学报 2 (1981): 49-52. Lin, Shuyan 林树燕, Tingting Fan 范婷婷, Mingyun Jiang 姜明云, et al. “Sanzhong (pinzhong) dibeizhu huaqiguan xingtai tezheng ji xueming dingzheng” 3 种 (品种) 地被竹花器官形态特征及学名订正 [The revision of scientific names for three dwarf bamboo species (cultivar) based on the floral morphology]. Nanjing linye daxue xuebao (ziran kexue ban) 南京林业大学学报 (自然科学版) 41, no. 1 (2017): 189-193. Ma, Naixun 马乃训, Guanghui Lai 赖广辉, Peixin Zhang 张培新, et al. Zhongguo gangzhushu 中国刚竹属 [The genus Phyllostachys in China]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang kexue jishu chubanshe, 2014. Shi, Junyi 史军义, Tongpei Yi 易同培, Lisha Ma 马丽莎, et al. “Cizhushu zaipei pinzhong zhengli yu xinpinzhong dingming” 慈竹属栽培品种整理与新品种定名 [Cultivar sort of Neosinocalamus affinis]. Linye kexue yanjiu 林业科学研究 27, no. 5 (2014): 702-706. Shi, Junyi 史军义, Yueguo Zou 邹跃国, and Tongpei Yi 易同培. “Danzhushu yi xinfenleiqun” 单竹属一新 分类群 [New taxon of Lingnania McClure from Fujian, China]. Zhuzi yanjiu huikan 竹子研究汇刊 24, no. 2 (2005): 14. Wang, Haixia 王海霞, Ping Cheng 程平, Qingnan Zeng 曾庆南, et al. “Maozhu xin bianxing – qinglongzhu” 毛竹新变型——青龙竹 [Green-dragon bamboo – a new variety of Phyllostachys edulis]. Zhuzi xuebao 竹子学报 37, no. 1 (2018): 73-74. Yi, Tongpei 易同培. “Cizhu yi xinbianxing he lianxuzhu xinyiming” 慈竹一新变型和镰序竹属新异名 [Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng f. f, purpureo-striata Yi – a new forma of Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng f. from China (Babusoideae, Poaceae) and a new synonym of Drepanostachyum Keng f.]. Sichuan linye keji四川林业科技 35, no. 4 (2014): 13-16. Zhang, Wenyan 张文燕, and Naixun Ma 马乃训. “Guanyu woxingzhu baizhu jiqi youguanzhong de taolun” 关于倭形竹、摆竹及其有关种的讨论 [Discussion on identification of Indosasa Shibataeoides, Indosasa Sp. and other species of Indosasa genus]. Zhuzi yanjiu huikan 竹子研究汇刊 18, no. 3 (1999): 3-4. Zhu, Shilin 朱石麟, Naixun Ma 马乃训, Maoyi Fu 傅懋毅, et al. Zhongguo zhulei zhiwu tuzhi 中国竹类植物 图志 [Bamboo species in China]. Beijing: Zhongguo linye chubanshe, 1994. 291

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Li, Shuchun 李书春, Shaoqiu Chen 陈绍球, Chenglin Huang 黄成林, et al. “Anhui zhulei zhiwu dili xinfenbu ji yi zaipei bianxing” 安徽竹类植物地理新分布及一栽培变型 [New geographic records and a new cultivar of Bambusoideae from Anhui Province]. Zhuzi yanjiu huikan 竹子研究汇刊 9, no. 1 (1990): 35-37.

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Acknowledgements

Establishment of a Database on the Germplasm Resources of Bamboos and Rattans (2015BAD04B03), a project of China’s National Science and Technology Support Program; PENG Zhenhua (professor), Chinese Academy of Forestry; DING Yulong (professor), WANG Fusheng (professor) and LIN Shuyan (associate professor), Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University; GAO Peijun (professor), LIN Xinchun (professor), HE Yunhe (professor) and GUI Renyi (professor), Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University; LI Qin (research professor), ZHAO Jiancheng (associate research professor) and WANG Bo (associate research professor), Zhejiang Provincial Academy of Forestry; DONG Dunyi (senior engineer), Forestry Administration of Anji County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province; CHEN Qiliang (engineer), TONG Liangbin (engineer) and GU Lijian (engineer), Taihuyuan Bamboo Garden, Lin’an District, Hangzhou Municipality, Zhejiang Province;

Acknowledgements

MA Naixun (research professor), GU Xiaoping (research professor), YUE Jinjun (associate research professor) and YUAN Jinling (associate research professor), Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry; WU Zhongneng (research professor), CAO Zhihua (associate research professor) and DING Zengfa (associate research professor), Anhui Provincial Academy of Forestry; LAI Guanghui (senior engineer), Forestry Administration of Guangde County, Anhui Province; ZHAI Jingyu (senior engineer) and FENG Xiaohu (senior engineer), Beijing Purple Bamboo Garden; WANG Jin’ge (associate research professor), Beijing Botanical Garden; KUANG Xiaobao (research professor), WANG Haixia (research professor), YU Lin (associate research professor) and ZENG Qingnan (senior engineer), Jiangxi Provincial Academy of Forestry; LI Haiquan (director), Administration of Jinggang Mountains, Jiangxi Province; CHEN Xiaojun, Taihe County, Ji’an City, Jiangxi Province; ZHANG Ling (senior engineer) and LU Changfu (engineer), Forestry Administration of Bo’ai County, Henan Province; ZOU Yueguo (senior engineer), Forestry Administration of Huaan County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province; CHEN Songhe (research professor), Xiamen Botanical Garden, Fujian Province; WU Jilin (chair), Association for Science and Technology of Sanming City, Fujian Province; LIN Haiqing (senior engineer), Forestry Administration of Sanming City, Fujian Province; WANG Daoyun (director) and ZHANG Xueli (engineer), Wangjiang Pavillion Park, Chengdu Municipality, Sichuan Province; ZHOU Juanhua (senior engineer) and LI Zuojun (senior engineer), Louguan Tower Plantation, Shaanxi Province; WANG Shuguang (professor), Southwest Forestry University; LI Min (engineer), Shanghai Botanical Garden; XIAHOU Zuoying (assistant research fellow), Kunming Botanical Garden; YU Zaiding and YU Yingchun, Dayu Bamboo Garden, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province; CHEN Tianguo (senior engineer), Changzhou Specialized Bamboo Garden, Jiangsu Province. 292

Index of Latin names

A

Bambusa surrecta 066

Acidosasa 241

Bambusa textilis 067

Acidosasa chienouensis 242

Bambusa textilis f. purpureascens 070

Acidosasa edulis 243

Bambusa textilis var. glabra 068

Acidosasa gigantean 247

Bambusa textilis var. gracilis 069

Acidosasa purpurea 244

Bambusa tulda 071

Acidosasa yixingensis 246

Bambusa tuldoides f. swolleninternode 072 Bambusa ventricosa 073

B Bambusa 034 Bambusa albolineata 035 Bambusa chungii var. velutina 038 Bambusa corniculata 039 Bambusa diaoluoshanensis 040 Bambusa dissimulator var. albinodia 041 Bambusa distegia 042 Bambusa dolichoclada 043

Bambusa vulgaris f. vittata 075 Bambusa wenchouensis 076 Bambusa xiashanensis 077 Bashania 268 Bashania fargesii 269 Brachystachyum 131 Brachystachyum densiflorum 132

C

Bambusa eutuldoides var. basistriata 044

Cephalostachyum 026

Bambusa eutuldoides var. viridivittata 045

Cephalostachyum pergracile 027

Bambusa gibba 046

Cephalostachyum virgatum 029

Bambusa indigena 047

Chimonobambusa 231

Bambusa intermedia 048

Chimonobambusa marmorea 232

Bambusa lapidea 049

Chimonobambusa neopurpurea 233

Bambusa longispiculata 050

Chimonobambusa quadrangularis 234

Bambusa macrotis 052

Chimonocalamus 238

Bambusa multiplex 053

Chimonocalamus delicatus 239

Bambusa multiplex f. stripestem-fernleaf 054 Bambusa multiplex f. fernleaf 055

Index of Latin names

Bambusa chungii 036

Bambusa vulgaris ‘Wamin’ 074

D

Bambusa multiplex f. silverstripe 056

Dendrocalamopsis 085

Bambusa multiplex var. riviereorum 057

Dendrocalamopsis beecheyana 086

Bambusa pervariabilis 058

Dendrocalamopsis beecheyana var. pubescens 087

Bambusa pervariabilis var. viridistriata 059

Dendrocalamopsis bicicatricata 088

Bambusa prominens 060

Dendrocalamopsis daii 089

Bambusa rigida 061

Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii 090

Bambusa sinospinosa 062

Dendrocalamopsis stenoaurita 091

Bambusa subaequalis 064

Dendrocalamus 092

Bambusa subtruncata 065

Dendrocalamus aspera 093

293

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Dendrocalamus bambusoides 094 Dendrocalamus barbatus 096 Dendrocalamus barbatus var. internodiradicatus 097 Dendrocalamus farinosus 098 Dendrocalamus giganteus 099 Dendrocalamus hamiltonii 095 Dendrocalamus latiflorus 100 Dendrocalamus latiflorus f. meinung 101 Dendrocalamus membranaceus 102 Dendrocalamus pulverulentus var. amoenus 103 Dendrocalamus sinicus 105 Dendrocalamus strictus 106 Dendrocalamus yunnanicus 108

G Gigantochloa 109 Gigantochloa albociliata 110

N Neosinocalamus 078 Neosinocalamus affinis 079 Neosinocalamus affinis ‘Chrysotrichus’ 080 Neosinocalamus affinis ‘Flavidorivens’ 081 Neosinocalamus affinis ‘Viridiflavus’ 083

O Oligostachyum 248 Oligostachyum hupehense 249 Oligostachyum lanceolatum 250 Oligostachyum lubricum 251 Oligostachyum oedogonatum 252 Oligostachyum scabriflorum 253 Oligostachyum spongiosum 256 Oligostachyum sulcatum 254

Index of Latin names

Gigantochloa apus 110

P

Gigantochloa levis 111

Phyllostachys 133

Gigantochloa verticillata 112

Phyllostachys acuta 150

Guadua 288

Phyllostachys angusta 151

Guadua angustifolia 289

Phyllostachys arcana 152

H

Phyllostachys arcana f. luteosulcata 153 Phyllostachys atrovaginata 134

Hibanobambusa 286

Phyllostachys aurea 154

Hibanobambusa tranguillans f. shiroshim 287

Phyllostachys aurea f. flavescens-inversa 155 Phyllostachys aurea f. holochrysa 156

I Indocalamus 279 Indocalamus decorus 280 Indocalamus guangdongensis 281 Indocalamus latifolius 282 Indocalamus longiauritus 283 Indosasa 114 Indosasa glabrata var. albohispidula 116 Indosasa hispida 117 Indosasa hispida ‘Rainbow’ 118 Indosasa patens 120 Indosasa shibataeoides 115

M

Phyllostachys aurea f. koi 156 Phyllostachys aureosulcata 157 Phyllostachys aureosulcata f. aureocaulis 158 Phyllostachys aureosulcata f. flavostriata 159 Phyllostachys aureosulcata f. pekinensis 160 Phyllostachys aureosulcata f. spectabilis 161 Phyllostachys aurita 135 Phyllostachys bambusoides 162 Phyllostachys bambusoides f. albovariegata 163 Phyllostachys bambusoides f. castilloni-inversa 164 Phyllostachys bambusoides f. castilonis 163 Phyllostachys bambusoides f. duihuazhu 164 Phyllostachys bambusoides f. holochrysa 165 Phyllostachys bambusoides f. kawadana 166 Phyllostachys bambusoides f. lacrima-deae 167

Melocanna 018

Phyllostachys bambusoides f. marliacea 168

Melocanna humilis 019

Phyllostachys bambusoides f. mixta 168

294

Phyllostachys nigella 202

Phyllostachys bissetii 136

Phyllostachys nigra 146

Phyllostachys compar 169

Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis 147

Phyllostachys dulcis 170

Phyllostachys nuda 203

Phyllostachys edulis 172

Phyllostachys nuda f. localis 204

Phyllostachys edulis ‘Kikko-chiku’ 186

Phyllostachys nuda f. varians 204

Phyllostachys edulis ‘Mira’ 187

Phyllostachys parvifolia 148

Phyllostachys edulis f. abbreviate 173

Phyllostachys primotina 205

Phyllostachys edulis f. bicolor 174

Phyllostachys prominens 206

Phyllostachys edulis f. curviculmis 188

Phyllostachys propinqua 207

Phyllostachys edulis f. exaurita 175

Phyllostachys propinqua f. lanuginose 208

Phyllostachys edulis f. gracilis 176

Phyllostachys rubromarginata 209

Phyllostachys edulis f. holochrysa 177

Phyllostachys rutila 210

Phyllostachys edulis f. huamozhu 178

Phyllostachys sulphurea 211

Phyllostachys edulis f. luteosulcata 179

Phyllostachys sulphurea f. houzeauana 213

Phyllostachys edulis f. nabeshimana 180

Phyllostachys sulphurea f. robertii 214

Phyllostachys edulis f. obliquinoda 181

Phyllostachys sulphurea f. viridisulcata 215

Phyllostachys edulis f. obtusangula 181

Phyllostachys sulphurea var. viridis 212

Phyllostachys edulis f. pachyloen 182

Phyllostachys tianmuensis 216

Phyllostachys edulis f. porphyrosticta 183

Phyllostachys veitchiana 149

Phyllostachys edulis f. tubaeformisr 184

Phyllostachys violascens 217

Phyllostachys edulis f. ventricosa 185

Phyllostachys violascens ‘Flavistriatus’ 221

Phyllostachys elegans 189

Phyllostachys violascens ‘Flavivaginis’ 221

Phyllostachys fimbriligula 190

Phyllostachys violascens ‘Linanensis’ 222

Phyllostachys flexuosa 191

Phyllostachys violascens ‘Prevernalis’ 223

Phyllostachys funhuaensis 137

Phyllostachys violascens f. chrysoderma 218

Phyllostachys glabrata 193

Phyllostachys violascens f. notata 219

Phyllostachys glauca 194

Phyllostachys violascens f. viridisulcata 220

Phyllostachys glauca f. yunzhu 195

Phyllostachys virella 224

Phyllostachys glauca var. variabilis 195

Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens 225

Phyllostachys heteroclada 138

Phyllostachys vivax 226

Phyllostachys heteroclada f. denigrate 139

Phyllostachys vivax f. aureocaulis 227

Phyllostachys hispida 140

Phyllostachys vivax f. huangwenzhu 228

Phyllostachys incarnata 196

Phyllostachys vivax f. viridivittata 229

Phyllostachys iridescens 197

Phyllostachys yunhoensis 230

Phyllostachys iridescens f. heterochroma 198

Pleioblastus 257

Phyllostachys kwangsiensis 199

Pleioblastus argenteastriatus 258

Phyllostachys mannii 200

Pleioblastus chino var. hisauchii 259

Phyllostachys meyeri 201

Pleioblastus fortunei 260

Phyllostachys nidularia 141

Pleioblastus gramineus 261

Phyllostachys nidularia f. farcata 142

Pleioblastus gramineus f. manstopiralis 262

Phyllostachys nidularia f. glabrovagina 142

Pleioblastus hsienchuensis 263

Phyllostachys nidularia f. mirabilis 143

Pleioblastus maculatus 264

Phyllostachys nidularia f. speciosa 144

Pleioblastus pygmaea 266

Phyllostachys nidularia f. sulfurea 145

Pleioblastus simonii f. variegatus 267

Index of Latin names

Phyllostachys bambusoides f. shouzhu 169

295

Illustrations of bamboos in China

Pseudosasa 270

Sasaella 284

Pseudosasa amabilis var. convexa 271

Sasaella glabra f. albostriata 285

Pseudosasa cantori 272

Sasaella kongosanensis f. aureostriatus 285

Pseudosasa guanxianensis 272

Schizostachyum 020

Pseudosasa hindsii 273

Schizostachyum brachycladum 021

Pseudosasa japonica ‘Tsutsumiana’ 274

Schizostachyum funghomii 022

Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji 275

Schizostachyum pseudolima 023

Pseudosasa subsolida 276

Sinobambusa 122

Pseudostachyum 024

Sinobambusa dushanensis 123

Pseudostachyum polymorphum 025

Sinobambusa intermedia 125

Q

Sinobambusa nephroaurita 126 Sinobambusa tootsik 127

Qiongzhuea 235

Sinobambusa tootsik f. albostriata 128

Qiongzhuea communis 237

Sinobambusa tootsik var. laeta 130

Qiongzhuea tumidinoda 236

T

Index of Latin names

S

Thyrsostachys 030

Sasa 277

Thyrsostachys oliveri 031

Sasa auricoma 278

Thyrsostachys siamensis 032

296