Human Rights Journalism and its Nexus to Responsibility to Protect: How and Why the International Press Failed in Sri Laka’s Humanitarian Crisis 9783030490713, 9783030490720

Table of contents :
Foreword
References
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction: Human Rights Journalism and its Nexus to Responsibility to Protect
1.1 Why Is Human Rights Journalism Important for R2P?
1.2 Structure of the Book
Bibliography
2 The Failings of Conventional War Journalism
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 The Emergence of the War Correspondent
2.1.2 The First Modern War Correspondent
2.1.3 Organised System of War Reporting
2.1.4 New Media Technologies and the Rise of Data Journalism
2.2 Media–Military Relations
2.3 The Challenges of War Reporting
2.3.1 Debate Around Objectivity
2.3.2 Characteristics of Conventional War Reporting
2.4 The Genesis and Consequences of Conventional War Reporting
2.4.1 News Values
2.4.2 News, Journalists and Power
2.4.3 News Sources and Their Effects
2.4.4 Military Terminology
2.5 The Emergence of Alternative Form of Journalism
2.5.1 Peace Journalism (PJ)
2.5.2 PJ’s Epistemological Vacuum
2.6 Summary
Bibliography
3 Human Rights Journalism: Tracing Its Epistemological Foundation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Human Rights and Media
3.3 Media’s Agenda-Setting Role
3.3.1 First Level and Second Level Agenda Setting
3.3.2 Accessibility and Applicability
3.4 Human Rights Journalism (HRJ)
3.5 A Constructivist Epistemological Grounding of HRJ
3.6 Summary
Bibliography
4 The Nexus Between Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and Human Rights Journalism (HRJ)
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Humanitarian Interventions and Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
4.2.1 Just War, Humanitarian Intervention and International Relations
4.2.2 The Idea of Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
4.3 Human Rights Journalism and Humanitarian Interventions: Some Epistemological Theoretical Frameworks
4.3.1 Global Justice
4.3.2 The ABC Conflict Triangle
4.3.3 The Iceberg Metaphor Theory
4.3.4 The Nested Paradigm Model
4.3.5 Just Peace Theory
4.3.6 Key Elements of HRJ and R2P Nexus
4.3.7 Just Cause and Global Justice Advocacy
4.3.8 Just Peace, Peace Building and Conflict Prevention
4.3.9 Empowering, Mobilising and Intervening
4.3.10 Human Rights-Based Approach
4.3.11 Monitoring and Accountability
4.4 Scrutinising Media’s Role of Responsibility to Report (R2R)
4.5 Summary
Bibliography
5 Analysing Feature Detection of Media Representations Via Framing Matrix and Multimodal Discourse Analysis Matrix
5.1 Introduction
5.2 A Research Framework for Analysing the Practise of HRJ
5.3 Quantitative and Qualitative Content Analysis
5.3.1 Content Analysis Coding Manual
5.4 Frame Analysis
5.5 Multimodal Discourse Analysis
5.5.1 Multimodal Analysis Process
5.5.2 Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)
5.5.3 Representations (Space–Time)
5.5.4 Orientations (Agency)
5.5.5 Typology of News Stories
5.6 Summary
Bibliography
6 Accessibility Effect: Understanding the Information Politics of the Sri Lankan Humanitarian Crisis
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Methodological Framework and Data Collection
6.2 Content Analysis: Attention of the Newspapers Towards the Humanitarian Crisis
6.3 Role of the News Sources
6.4 Summary
Bibliography
7 The Two-Dimensional Framing Process: Understanding the Journalism Discourse of the Sri Lankan Humanitarian Crisis
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Practice of HRJ vs HWJ
7.3 Different Framing Discourses Across the International Press Coverage and Their ‘Effect’
7.4 Summary
Bibliography
8 Analytics of Mediation of the Distant Suffering of Sri Lanka in the International Press
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Multimodal Analysis
8.3 Critical Discourse Analysis
8.4 Summary
Bibliography
9 Journalists Speak Up on Their Reporting of the Crisis in Sri Lanka
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Impediments to Journalists’ Constructing Reality of Distant Suffering
9.2.1 Lack of Access to the War Zone
9.2.2 Intimidation and Threats
9.2.3 Refusal of Entry Clearance
9.2.4 Terrorist Label
9.2.5 Propagandist Campaign
9.2.6 Economic Constrains
9.2.7 Editorial Policy
9.2.8 Dealing with Objectivity
9.3 The Influence of the International Press Coverage of the Humanitarian Crisis on Human Rights Activists
9.3.1 The Analysis
9.4 Summary
Bibliography
10 Conclusion: Theory and Practice of Human Rights Journalism
10.1 Critical Reflections on the Findings
10.2 How and Why the International Press Failed in Covering the 2009 Humanitarian Crisis in Sri Lanka?
Bibliography
Index