Table of contents : Contents Acknowledgments Abbreviations and Conventions Introduction 1. Pilgrimage, Popular Devotion, and the Reemergence of Hokkeji 2. Envisioning Nuns: Views from the Court 3. Envisioning Nuns: Views from the Male Monastic Order 4. Hokkeji’s Place in Eison’s Vinaya Revival Movement 5. Social and Economic Life at Hokkeji and Its Branch Convents 6. Ritual Life at Medieval Hokkeji 7. Representations of Women and Gender in Ritsu Literature Epilogue Notes Character Glossary Works Cited and Consulted Index