Historical Dictionary of States: States and State-like Communities from Their Origins to the Present 3598112920

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Peter Truhart

Historical Dictionary of States States and State-like Communities from Their Origins to the Present

Lexikon der historischen Staatennamen Staaten und staatsähnliche Gemeinwesen von den Ursprüngen bis zur Gegenwart

K-GSaur München • New Providence • London • Paris 1996

Cover / Umschlag Divisio Orbis Roman World Map (Agrippa reconstructed by Riese) Konrad Miller: Mappae Mundi vi / 109, Stuttgart 1898

Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Truhart, Peter: Historical dictionary of states : states and state-like communities from their origins to the present = Lexikon der historischen Staatennamen / Peter Truhart. - München ; New Providence ; London ; Paris : Saur, 1996 ISBN 3-598-11292-0 NE : HST

® Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed on Acid-Free Paper Alle Rechte vorbehalten / All Rights Strictly Reserved K. G. Saur Verlag GmbH & Co KG, München 1996 A Reed Reference Publishing Company Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany Druck/Binden: Strauss Offsetdruck, Mörlenbach ISBN 3-598-11292-0

CONTENTS / INHALT Preface / Vorwort Systematic Survey / Systematischer Überblick Part A : Antiquity / Altertum Part B : Mediaeval & Modern Times / Mittelalter & Neue Zeit

VII EX-XXIII IX-XIII XIII-XXIII

Abbrevations / Abkürzungen

XXIV

Transcriptions / Umschriften

XXV

Introduction / Einleitung

States / Staaten

Appendix

XXVII-XXXIV

1-772

773-872

Bibliography / Schrifttum

775-790

Alphabetical Index / Alphabetisches Register

791 -872

v

PREFACE This attempt to present a fairly comprehensive and systematically ordered global survey of States in all times is based on decades of compiling work of the author culminating in the publication of "Regents of Nations" (4 volumes, 1984-1988), on further evaluation of numerous recently published regional studies and on modern computer facilities for handling a considerable quantity of information units. Falko Riemenschneider, computer expert in Adendorf / Bonn made crucial contributions to technically realising this publication. The Historical Directory of States is expected to facilitate quick access to basic informations about the complex development of universal political geography, to explain the roots of present states and to recall past political orders, vanished empires and states, forgotten kingdoms and other references to "loosers of history" still kept in mind ethnic groops of our time. As to the often changing designation of states, the contents and the index include only a selection, generally the english or the modern version in the language of the state concerned, other designations are mentioned in the text.

VORWORT Dieser Versuch einer weitgehend umfassenden und systematisch geordneten Übersicht der Staaten aller Zeiten stützt sich auf Jahrzehnte Kompilationsarbeit des Autors, die in der Veröffentlichung der „Regenten der Nationen" (4 Bände 1984-1988) gipfelte, auf die weitere Auswertung zahlreicher neuerer regionaler Studien und auf moderne Möglichkeiten, mit Hilfe des Computers eine erhebliche Quantität von Informationseinheiten zu bearbeiten. Falko Riemenschneider, Computer-Experte in Adendorf bei Bonn, hat maßgeblich zur technischen Realisierung dieser Publikation beigetragen. Das Lexikon der historischen Staatennamen soll den schnellen Zugang zu grundlegenden Informationen über die komplexe Entwicklung der weltweiten politischen Geographie erleichtern, die Wurzeln der gegenwärtigen Staaten verdeutlichen sowie an vergangene politische Ordnungen erinnern, an verschwundene Reiche und Staaten, vergessene Königreiche und andere Bezüge zu „Verlierern der Geschichte", die noch im Bewußtsein ethnischer Gruppen unserer Zeit existieren. Im Inhaltsverzeichnis und Register ist nur eine Auswahl der nicht selten wechselnden Staatsnamen angegeben, zumeist die englische oder die moderne Version der Landessprache, erst im Text sind die sonstigen genannt. Bonn, August 1995

Peter Truhart

VII

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

PART A / T E I L A: ANTIQUITY / ALTERTUM

Vor-Staatliche Kulturen & legendäre Ursprünge 1.1-5 1.1 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.2 1.21 1.22-24 1.22-23 1.24

Asia/Asien West Asia / Westasien Palestine & Syria / Palästina & Syrien Gulf Coast/Golfküste Anatolia & Cyprus / Anatolien & Zypern Mesopotamia / Mesopotamien Caucasia & Iran / Kaukasien & Iran East Asia / Ostasien Japan China Early Civilisations / Frühe Kulturen Legendary Dynasties / Legendäre Dynastien

1.3-4

South & South East Asia / Süd- & Südostasien

1.3

India/Indien

1.31-32 1.33-34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.4 1.41 1.42 1.5 1.51-52 1.51

3 3 3 4 4

Pre-Harappan Sites in Pakistan / Vor-Harrapa Orte in Pakistan . . . . Harappa Malwa Kayatha Bana Jorwe

4 4 4 5

5 6 6 7 7 7

South East Asia / Südostasien Legendary dynasties / Legendäre Dynastien BanKao

7 7

North & Central Asia / Nord- & Zentralasien Early Civilisations / Frühe Kulturen Siberia / Sibirien & N-Turkestan

7 7 IX

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

1.52 1.53 1.6 1.61 1.62 1.7 1.71 1.72 1.73 1.8 1.81-82 1.83 1.84

Afghanistan, S-Turkestan Legendary Rulers / Legendäre Herrscher Africa/Afrika Lower Egypt / Unterägypten Upper Egypt / Oberägypten

Eastern European Civilisations / Osteuropäische Kulturen Mediterranean Civilisations / Mittelmeer-Kulturen Central European Civilisations / Kulturen in Zentraleuropa

Meso-America Anden North America / Nordamerika

2.

Empires / Grossreiche

2.1

Asia/Asien

2.21 2.22 2.3 2.31 2.32

Western Asia /Westliches Asien East Asia / Ostasien North & Central Asia/Nord-& Zentralasien Southern Asia / Südliches Asien

Egypt / Ägypten Nubia & North Africa / Nubien & Nordafrika

13 14 14 15

15 15

Europe/Europa Eastern Europe / Osteuropa Southern Europe / Südliches Europa Individual States / Einzelne Staaten

3.

Asia/Asien I

3.1-5

Western Asia / Westliches Asien

x

10 11 11

Africa/Afrika

3-5

3.11-16

9 9 10

A m e r ic a / A m e r ik a

Historic States & politically organized Territories and Tribes / Historische Staaten & politisch organisierte Territorien und Stämme

2.2

8 8

Europe/Europa

II)

2.11-12 2.13 2.14 2.15

8 8

Mesopotamia

16 16

17

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

3.17-27 3.17-21 3.22-27 3.22-25 3.26-27

Palestine, Phoenikia, Syria Palestine / Palästina Syria & Phoenikia / Syrien & Phönizien Syria/Syrien Phoenikia

22 22 26 26 29

3.28-38 3.28-35 3.28 3.29-32 3.33 3.34 3.35

Iran & Transcaucasia / Iran & Transkaukasien Iran Elam Media/Medien Persia / Persien North Iran / Nordiran South Iran / Südiran

33 33 33 34 36 36 37

3.36-38

Transcaucasia / Transkaukasien (Armenia & Georgia / Armenien & Georgien / Azarbaygan / Aserbaidschan)

37

3.39-52 3.39-50 3.51-52

Asia Minor & Cyprus / Kleinasien & Zypern Asia Minor / Kleinasien Cyprus / Zypern

41 41 56

3.53-59 3.53-54 3.55-57 3.58-59

Arabia / Arabien East & Central Arabia / Ost-& Zentral-Arabien North West & West Arabia / Nordwest- & West-Arabien Southern Arabia/Südliches Arabien

58 58 59 61

3.6-8

East Asia / Ostasien

3.61-77 3.61-68 3.69-73 3.74-77

China Northern Regions / Nord-Regionen Eastern Regions / Östliche Regionen Southern Regions / Süd-Regionen

63 63 68 71

3.78 3.79-80

Japan Korea

74 74

4.

A s i a / A s i e n II

4.1-3

South & South East Asia / Süd- & Südost-Asien

4.11-26 4.11 4.12-13 4.14-15 4.16-19 4.16-17 4.18

South Asia / Südasien Early Antiquity/Frühes Altertum Northern Regions / Nord-Regionen Eastern Regions / Ostregionen Western India / Westliches Indien Malwa, Gujarat, Kathiawar, Saurashtra Panjab & Rajasthan, North West Region

77 77 78 80 81 81 83 XI

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

4.19-20 4.21-22 4.23-26 4.27-31 4.27-28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.4-5 4.41-50 4.41 4.42 4.43-47 4.48-49 4.50 4.51

North West Regions / Nord-West Regionen Central India / Zentral-Indien Sri Lanka & South India / Südindien South East Asia / Südost-Asien Myanmar (Burma) Indochina Indonesia Malaya & Thailand

Central Asia / Zentralasien Transoxania & Steppe Afghanistan & North West Iran Turkestan Kashmir, N-Pakistan, NE-Afghanistan Tibet Northern Asia / Nördliches Asien

Africa, Europe, America / Afrika, Europa, Amerika

5.1

Africa/Afrika

5.2-6 5.2-4 5.2 5.21 5.22-25

88 88 89 90 90

Central & Northern Asia / Zentral- & Nördliches Asien

5.

5.11-15 5.16-17 5.18-19

84 84 85

Egypt / Ägypten Kus & Ethiopia / Äthiopien Magrib, Libya, West Africa / Magrib, Libyen, Westafrika

91 91 92 92 96 98 99

101 104 105

Europe/Europa Mediterranean Regions / Mittelmeer-Regionen 108 108

5.26-29

Greece / Griechenland Peloponnes Central, Northern & Western Greece / Zentral-, Nord-& West-Griechenland Archipelagos

5.3 5.31-36 5.31-33 5.34-36 5.37-39

Italy & Illyricum / Italien & Illyricum Italy/Italien Central & Northern Italy / Mittel-& Nord-Italien South Italy & Sicily / Süditalien & Sizilien Illyricum

119 119 119 121 123

5.4 5.41 5.42

Western Mediterranean Regions / Westliche Mittelmeerregionen . 125 Hispania 125 Provence 126

XII

110 114

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

5.5 5.51-53 5.54-55 5.6 5.61-62 5.63-65 5.66 5.7 5.71-72 5.73

East & South East Europe / Ost- & Südost-Europa East Europe / Osteuropa South East Europe / Südosteuropa

127 129

Western, Central & Northern Europe / West-, Mittel- & Nord-Europa West Europe / Westeuropa Central Europe / Mitteleuropa North Europe / Nordeuropa

132 134 136

America/Amerika Meso-America N-Anden Region

136 137

PART B / T E I L B : MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / MITTELALTER & NEUE ZEIT

6-8

A f r i c a / A fr ika

6

Empires / Grossreiche

6.11 6.12-13 6.14 6.15 6.16

East Africa / Ostafrika West Africa/Westafrika North Africa/Nordafrika Central Africa / Zentralafrika Southern Africa/Südliches Afrika

7-8

Individual States / Einzelstaaten

7.1-3

East Africa / Ost-Afrika

139 139 141 141 142

7.11-17 7.18 7.19-22

Ethiopia / Äthiopien Erythrea / Erythräa Sudan

143 147 148

7.23-37

Indian Ocean Coast & Hinterland/ Küste & Hinterland am Indischen Ozean

150

7.23-26 7.23-24 7.25-26 7.27

Pre-Colonial / Vorkoloniales Kenya, Somalia & Djibouti Kenya Somalia & Djibouti Colonial Order & Independence/ Koloniale Ordnung & Unabhängigkeit

150 150 152 153 xm

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

7.28-36 7.28 7.29-35 7.36 7.37

7.4-9

Pre-Colonial / Vorkoloniales Tanzania Coastal Tanganyika / Küsten-Tanganyika Interior Tanganyika / Binnen-Tanganyika Zanzibar & Pemba Colonial Order & Independence / Koloniale Ordnung & Unabhängigkeit

154 154 154 158 159

West Africa/Westafrika

7.4-6

Sahel Region

160

7.41-51 7.41-49 7.50-51

West Sahel (Mali, N-Guinea, Senegambia) Pre-Colonial Period / Vorkoloniale Zeit Colonial Order & Independence / Kolonial-Ordnung & Unabhängigkeit

160 160

Central Sahel Region (Burkina Faso, Chad, Niger, N-Nigeria) Pre-Colonial Period / Vor-Kolonial-Zeit . . . Colonial Order & Independence / Kolonial-Ordnung & Unabhängigkeit

170 170

Guinean Gulf Coast Region/Küste am Golf von Guinea Pre-Colonial Period / Vor-Koloniale Zeit East Region / Ost-Region Upper Guinean Coast / Obere Guinea-Küste Colonial Order / Kolonial-Ordnung Independent States / Unabhängige Staaten

186 186 186 200 204 206

7.52-69 7.52-68 7.69 7.7-9 7.71-96 7.71-89 7.90-96 7.97-98 7.99

8.

Northern, Equatorial & Southern Africa / Nördliches, Äquatorial- & Südliches Afrika

8.1-2

North Africa / Nordafrika

8.11 8.12-14 8.15-16 8.17-18 8.19 8.20-21 8.3-6 8.31-62 8.31-42 8.31-33 8.34-38 8.39-42 8.43-47 XIV

Egypt / Ägypten Morocco / Marokko Algeria / Algerien Tunisia / Tunesien Libya/Libyen Mauritania / Mauretanien

169

185

209 210 215 219 221 223

Equatorial Africa / Äquatoriales Afrika Pre-Colonial Period / Vorkoloniale Periode Intra-Lacustrine Region / Zwischen-Seen-Gebiet Rwanda Uganda Malawi & Burundi Angola & Congo

225 225 225 226 229 232

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

8.48-59 8.48-57 8.58-59 8.60-62 8.63-64 8.65-66 8.67-68

Cameroon, Gabon & Equatorial Guinea / Kamerun, Gabun & Äquatorial-Guinea Cameroon / Kamerun Gabon & Equatorial Guinea / Äquatorial-Guinea Zaire (Congo) Central Africa/Zentralafrika Colonial Order / Koloniale Ordnung Independent States / Unabhängige Staaten

8.Z-9

Southern Africa & Madagascar / Südliches Afrika & Madagaskar

8.7-8

Southern Africa / Südliches Afrika

8.71-83 8.71-76 8.77-83 8.84-86 8.87-88 8.9 8.91-92 8.93-94 8.95 8.96 8.97 8.98

Pre-Colonial Period / Vorkoloniale Periode Zimbabwe (Rhodesia), Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho Colonial Order & Boer Republics/ Koloniale Ordnimg & Burenrepubliken Independent States / Unabhängige Staaten

248 248 253 257 259

Madagascar Central Region / Zentrale Region Southern Region / Südliche Region West Region Northern Region / Nördliche Region Eastern Region / Ost-Region Modern / Neuzeitliches Madagascar

9-13

Asia & Pacific/Asien & Pazifik

9

Empires / Grossreiche

9.11 9.12-13 9.14 9.15 9.16

235 235 241 242 243 245 246

Western Asia / Westliches Asien South Asia/Südasien Central Asia / Zentralasien East Asia / Ostasien South East Asia / Südostasien

10-13

Regions & States / Regionen & Staaten

10.11-23

Central Asia / Zentralasien

10.11-13 10.14-19 10.14-16 10.17 10.18-19

Afghanistan Transoxania & Turkestan Transoxania West-Turkestan East/Ost-Turkestan

260 260 261 261 261 262

263 264 265 266 266

267 273 273 278 280 xv

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

10.20-26 10.27 10.3-4

Tibet Sikkim & Bhutan

283 287

Eastern Asia / Ostasien

10.31-46 10.31 10.32-45 10.32-33 10.34-35 10.36 10.37 10.38 10.39-43 10.44 10.45 10.46

China Central Imperial Dynasties / Zentrale Kaiser-Dynastien Regions / Regionen Hebei & North East / Hebei & Nordost Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi Central Region (Sichuan) Huguang & Jiangxi Guangdong & Fujian Yunnan & Guizhou Jiangsu & Zhejiang NorthWest (Gansu, Ningxia) Taiwan & Republican China

288 288 288 288 289 291 292 292 293 296 296 297

10.47-48 10.49

Korea Japan &Ryukyu

298 299

10.5 10.51-52 10.53-55 10.6-9

North Asia / Nord-Asien Mongolia Siberia

301 303

Iran & West Asia / Westasien

10.61-66 10.61 10.62-66 10.62-63 10.64-66

Iran Iran (general) Regions / Regionen: Southern & Central Regions / Südliche & zentrale Regionen . . Northern & Western Regions / Nord-& Westregionen

306 306 307 307 310

10.67-76 10.67-69 10.70-72 10.73-74 10.75-76

Caucasia / Kaukasien Armenia / Armenien Azarbaygan / Aserbaidschan Georgia / Georgien Daghestan

315 315 320 325 328

10.77-81

Turkey & Cyprus / Türkei & Zypern

330

10.82-90 10.82-84 10.82 10.83-84 10.85-87 10.88-90

Arabia / Arabien Uman & Gulf Region / Oman & Golf-Region Uman/Oman Gulf Region/Golf-Region Yaman & Hadhramawt / Jemen &Hadhramaut West, Central & North Arabia / West-, Zentral- & Nord-Arabien .

334 334 334 336 338 343

10.91-92

Irak

347

XVI

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

10.93-99 10.93-94 10.95-96 10.97-98

Lebanon, Syria, Palestine / Libanon, Syrien, Palästina Lebanon / Libanon Syria/Syrien Palestine & Jordan / Palästina & Jordanien

11-13

South & South East Asia, Australia & Pacific / Süd- & Südost-Asien, Australien & Pazifik

11.1-9

India / Indien I

349 349 351 353

11.1-2 11.11-17 11.18-22 11.23 11.24-25 11.26-28

Central India / Zentral-Indien Malwa Bundelkhand Baghelkhand Bhopal Madhya Pradesh

357 357 364 367 368 370

11.3-4 11.31-39

South India / Südliches Indien WestDekkan (Kuntala, Malabar, Konkana) Eastern Deccan / Ost-Dekkan (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu) Central Deccan / Zentral-Dekkan (Gondwana, Telingana, Bijapur, Berax, Maisur)

373

11.40-43 11.43-48 11.5-9 11.51-74 11.75-82 11.84-89 11.90 11.91 11.92-94 11.95-99 11.95 11.96-99 12.1-4

Western India / Westliches Indien Gujarat & Kathiawar Panjab & Himachal Pradesh Rajasthan ; Sindh Baluchistan Jammu & Kashmir North West Region / Nordwest-Region Baltistan Dardistan, Bajaur, Hazara, Yaghistan

. 373 381 384 393 393 415 424 431 432 433 436 436 437

India / Indien II (incl. Pakistan, Bangladesh)

12.11-33 12.11-15 12.16-18 12.19-29 12.30-33

Eastern/Ost-Region, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh Assam, Manipur, Tripura Bengal Orissa Bihar, Uttar Pradesh

441 441 445 448 457

12.41-42 12.41

Colonial Order / Koloniale Ordnung Portuguese, Dutch, Danish & French Colonies / Portugiesische, holländische, dänische & französische Kolonien British India

462

12.42

462 462 XVII

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

12.43-47

12.5-6

Independent India/ Unabhängiges Indien, Pakistan & Bangladesh

464

Nepal, Sri Lanka, Maldives

12.51-59 12.51 12.52 12.53-55 12.56-58 12.59

Nepal Central Nepal / Zentral-Nepal East Nepal / Ost-Nepal West Nepal Terai (S-Nepal) Northern & United Nepal / Nördliches & Vereintes Nepal

467 467 468 468 469 471

12.60

&ri Lanka & Maldives / Malediven

471

13

South East Asia & Pacific / Südostasien & Pazifik

13.1-7

South East Asia / Südostasien

13.11-23 13.11-12 13.13-21 13.13-19 13.20 13.21 13.22 13.23

Myanmar (Burma) Lower Burma / Nieder-Burma Upper Burma / Ober-Burma Kambawsa (Shan States) Wa Karen-ni & Kachin Central Kingdoms / Zentrale Reiche Modern Burma (Myanmar)

473 473 474 474 479 480 481 481

13.24-30 13.24-25 13.26-28 13.29-30

Thailand Southern Regions / Südliche Regionen Northern Region / Nördliche Region Central Region / Zentrale Region

482 482 484 485

13.31-35

Malaysia & Singapur

486

13.36-42 13.36 13.37-40 13.37 13.38 13.39 13.40

Indochina Cambodia (Kampuchea) / Kambodscha Vietnam Cham Kingdoms / Reiche der Cham North Vietnam/Nord-Vietnam Central Vietnam Recent States / Neuere Staaten

491 491 492 492 493 493 494

13.41-42

Laos

494

13.43-68 13.43-47 13.48-53 13.54-55 13.56-58 13.59

Indonesia Java Sumatra Lesser Islands (Bali, Lombok, Madura) / Kleinere Inseln Sulawesi (Celebes) Sumbawa

497 497 499 503 504 505

XVIII

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

13.60-61 13.62-64 13.65-66 13.67 13.68 13.69-72 13.8-9

Moluccas / Molukken Kalimantan Irian Jaya& Timor Colonial Order & Independence / Kolonialordnung & Unabhängigkeit Indonesia / Indonesien Philippines / Philippinen

506 507 509 510 510 511

Australia & Pacific Region / Australien & Pazifische Region

13.81-90 13.81 13.82 13.83 13.84 13.85 13.86 13.87-89 13.90

Polynesia / Polynesien Samoa Hawaii Tonga Cook Island Te Ao Maohi (French Polynesia) Wallis & Futuna, Easter Island, Niue Fiji Tokelau & Tuvalu

514 514 514 515 515 515 516 517 518

13.91 13.92-93 13.94

Micronesia / Mikronesien Australia & New Zealand / Australien & Neuseeland Melanesia / Melanesien

518 519 520

14-17

America & Europe/Amerika & Europa

14.1-2

Empires / Grossreiche

14.1

America/Amerika

14.11 14.12 14.13 14.2 14.21 14.22 14.23 14.24 14.25 14.26

Meso-America South America / Südamerika North America/Nordamerika

523 523 524

Europe/Europa South Europe / Südeuropa West Europe / Westeuropa Central Europe / Mitteleuropa East & South East Europe / Ost- & Südost-Europa Northern Europe / Nördliches Europa Colonial Empires / Kolonial-Imperien

524 525 525 525 526 526

14.3-17.9 Regions & States I / Regionen und Staaten I 14.3-8

America/Amerika

14.3-5

Meso-America & Caribbean / Karibik

14.3-4

Pre-Cololonial Period / Vorkoloniale Periode

528 XIX

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

14.31-48 14.49 14.50 14.51-53 14.54 14.6 14.61-65 14.66-67 14.68-71 14.8-9 14.81-83 14.84 14.85-90 14.91-92

15-17 15.11-32

Meso-America Caribbean / Karibik Colonial Order / Koloniale Ordnung Independent States / Unabhängige Staaten Autonomous Territories / Autonome Territorien

528 538 539 542 544

South America / Südamerika Pre-Colonial Period / Vorkoloniale Periode Colonial Order / Koloniale Ordnung Independent States / Unabhängige Staaten

546 549 552

North America / Nordamerika Indian Confederations / Indianerkonföderationen Colonial Order / Kolonial-Ordnung Independent & Autonomous States / Unabhängige & Autonome Staaten Canada & Greenland / Kanada & Grönland

556 557 558 562

Europe/Europa Nordic Europa / Nordisches Europa

15.11-24 15.11-17 15.18-20 15.21 15.22-24

Ireland & British Isles / Irland & Britische Inseln Ireland / Irland Wales & Isle of Man Scotland, Orkneys, Hebrides England, Channel Islands

15.25-27

Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg / Niederlande, Belgien, Luxemburg

573

Scandinavia / Skandinavien Sweden & Finland / Schweden & Finnland Norway / Norwegen Denmark & Iceland / Dänemark & Island

575 575 577 578

15.28-32 15.28-29 15.30-31 15.32 15.33-56

563 563 568 570 . 571

Western Europe / Westliches Europa

15.33-46

France / Frankreich, Andorra, Monaco

580

15.33 15.34-46 15.34-35 15.36-38 15.39-41 15.42-43 15.44-46

Kingdoms & Central State / Königreiche & Zentralstaat Feudal Territories / Feudal-Territorien Central Regions / Zentralregionen Northern Region / Nördliche Region Eastern Region / Ost-Region South West Region / Südwest-Region Southern / Südliche Region, Andorra, Monaco

580 581 581 583 586 588 590

xx

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

15.47-54 15.47 15.48-51 15.52-55

Spain / Spanien Germanic Kingdoms / Germanische Reiche Muslim Spain / Moslemisches Spanien Christian Spain / Christliches Spanien

594 594 594 598

15.56-57 15.56 15.57

Portugal Muslim Portugal / Moslemisches Portugal Christian Portugal / Christliches Portugal

601 601 602

15.6-8

Southern Europa / Südliches Europa

15.61-82

Italy / Italien, Vatican, San Marino, Corsica, Malta

15.61-62

Kingdoms and Central State in Italy /

15.63-82

603

Königreiche und Zentralstaat in Italien

603

Regions / Regionen

604

15.63-64 15.65-66 15.67-68 15.69-70 15.71 15.72-76 15.72 15.73-74 15.75-76

Roma, Vatican, Romagna Toscana Umbria Marche San Marino Northern Regions / Nördliche Regionen Veneto-Trentino Lombardia Piemont

604 606 609 611 613 613 613 615 617

15.77-78

Corsica, Sardinia, Liguria, Genova/Genua

619

15.79-80

Emilia

621

15.81-82

Southern / Südliche Region, Sicilia, Malta

623

15.83-89 15.83-88 15.89 15.9 15.91 15.92-93 15.94 15.95-98

Greece / Griechenland 625 Middle Ages / Mittelalter 625 Ottoman & Modern Times / Osmanische und heutige Zeiten . . . . 631 South East Europe / Südosteuropa Romania / Rumänien Albania / Albanien Bulgaria / Bulgarien Yugo-Slavia / Südslawien

16-17

East & Central Europe / Ost- & Zentral-Europa

16.1-4

East Europe / Osteuropa

16.1-2 16.11 16.12-18

Russia / Russland Non-Slav States/Nichtslawische Staaten ante 1238 Slav Princes/Slawische Fürsten ante 1238

633 635 639 641

651 651 651 XXI

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜBERBLICK

16.19 16.20-26

Mongol (Tatar) Khanates / Khanate der Mongolen (Tartaren) . . . 656 Slav States / Slawische Staaten post 1238 657

16.27-28 16.29 16.30 16.31

Crimea/Krim Ukraina Moldova Belarus

661 663 664 664

16.4 16.41 16.42 16.43

Balticum Latvia / Lettland Estonia / Estland Lithuania / Litauen

666 666 667 667

16.5-17.9 Central Europe / Mitteleuropa 16.5 16.51 16.52-54 16.55

Poland/Polen Early Princes / Frühe Fürsten Piast Dynasty / Dynastie der Piasten Poland/Polen

669 669 669 671

16.6 16.61 16.62 16.63

Hungary & Transsylvania / Ungarn & Siebenbürgen Pannonia Transsylvania / Siebenbürgen Hungary / Ungarn

672 672 673 673

16.7 16.71-73 16.74 16.75

Austria, Switzerland / Österreich, Schweiz, Liechtenstein Austria / Österreich Switzerland / Schweiz Liechtenstein

674 674 677 678

16.8 16.81-82 16.83 16.84 16.85-88

Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia, Lusatia, Silesia Bohemia / Böhmen Moravia / Mähren Republics / Republiken Lusatia & Silesia / Lausitz & Schlesien

679 679 680 681 681

16.9-17.9 Germany / Deutschland 16.9 16.91-92 16.93 16.94 17. 17.11-32 17.11 -30 17.31-32 xxn

Part / Teil I : Central Structures / Zentrale Strukturen Early Kingdom & Holy Roman Empire/ Frühes Königreich & Heiliges Römisches Reich Federations / Staatenbünde Deutsches Reich & Post War Time / Nachkriegszeit

684 689 689

Part / Teil IT : Regions / Regionen South West/Südwesten Alemannia - Schwaben, Baden-Württemberg Alsatia (Alsace / Elsass)

691 691 707

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY / SYSTEMATISCHER ÜB E R B U C K

17.33-64 17.33-34 17.35-40

West Regions / Westregionen Lorraine / (Reichs-)Lothringen (Reichs-)Burgund

709 709 710

17.41-55 17.41-47 17.48-53 17.54 17.55 17.56-64 17.60-63 17.64

Rheinland & Hessen Pre-1500 Period/Reichskreisordnung Reichskreis Ober-Rhein Reichskreis Kurrhein Reichskreis Rhein Westfalen & Niederrhein Reichskreis Westfalen Berg & Nordrhein-Westfalen

716 716 723 728 729 732 735 739

17.65-88

17.68 17.69 17.70-72 17.73-74 17.75-76 17.77-78 17.79-84 17.79-80 17.81-84 17.85-86 17.87-88

Northern, Eastern & Central Regions / Nördliche, östliche & zentrale Regionen Sachsen, Anhalt, Brandenburg a. 1500 (Lower) Saxony & Brunswick/ (Nieder-)Sachsen & Braunschweig Anhalt Mark Brandenburg (Upper) Saxony / (Ober-)Sachsen Mecklenburg Schleswig-Holstein Pommern, Ost-& Westpreussen (Prussia) Modern Times / Neuzeit Lower Saxony / Nieder-Sachsen Upper Saxony / Ober-Sachsen Post Empire Order / Nach-Reichs-Ordnung Thüringen & Harz-Region

17.89-99 17.89-93 17.94-99

Southern Region / Südregion Bavaria / Bayern Franconia / Franken

17.65-72 17.65-67

739 739 739 742 743 743 746 747 749 750 750 753 758 760 762 762 766

XXIII

ÄBBREVÄTIONS / ABKÜRZUNGEN a. = ante (before / vor) AD = Anno Domini (after Christ / nach Christi Geburt) adm. = administration BC = Before Christ (vor Christi Geburt c. = circa c.of = Count of / Graf von ct. = center (capital, residence) cty. = county / Grafschaft d. = died / gestorben dep. = dependent / abhängig destr. = destroyed / zerstört distr. = district / Distrikt Dyn. = dynasty / Dynastie E = East/Ost e.g. = exempli gratia (for instance, z.B.) Emp. = Empire / Grossreich flour. = flourishing /Blütezeit in... N = North/Nord NE = North East / Nordosten NW = North West / Nordwesten o. = or/oder occup. = occupied / besetzt p. = post (after, nach) Prov. = province / Provinz Rep. = Republic RF = Reichsfürst / Prince of Empire s. = since /seit S = South/Süd SE = South East / Südost SW = South West / Südwest t. = title /Titel W = West

XXIV

TRANSCRIPTIONS / UMSCHRIFTEN Arabic / Arabisch

= Transcription of the / Umschrift der Deutschen Morgenländische Gesellschaft Chinese / Chinesisch = Pingyin (official transcription / Amtliche Umschrift) Cyrillic / Kyrillisch = Czech transcription / Tschechische Umschrift

In the alphabetic order a seperate place ist given to / in der alphabetischen Anordnung werden gesondert aufgeführt: C (after / nach C), G (after / nach G), S, Sch, Sh (after /nach S), Z (after / nach Z)

xxv

INTRODUCTION

The present state of historical knowledge justifies the attempt to publish a general survey of all states in the world since about 5000 years ago. Gaps in detailed research and uncertainties about the genesis of state formation have been considerably reduced. We can now assume the existence of about 7500 states so far. Taking into account the limited space on earth for larger human settlement and other conditions for state formation, the remaining unknown rest of former states possibly absorbed by tropical vegetation (forest states in Africa and South Asia), buried under desert sand (Sahara, Central Asian steppe), destroyed by natural desasters or military actions and still waiting for discovery or simply overlooked by chroniclers and historians, should not exceed a few hundreds. This publication represents the first fairly comprehensive historical directory of states. Hesitation to apply the notion "state" to a variety of human communities in antiquity and later epochs may b e one explanation why no earlier similar attempt has been made before. There certainly exists a need to define the minimal constituting elements of a state in order to draw a distinct line to other types of collective units clans, hordes, villages, religious orders or others. Furthermore, the dating of the beginning of one state - even in an approximate way - remains problematic. The transformation from a center of common cult, a loose tribal confederation, a seceding province or other proto-types into a genuine state did not take place in one month period and without setbacks. Sometimes it lasted one human generation or more. Influenced by the model of the postmediaeval modern state, especially the continental European jurisprudence has traditionally given preference to a restricted definition of state. On the other hand, Anglo-American publications have applied without reluctance the term "state" in a more general way e.g. to ancient cities (civitas, polis, res publica) and "ethnic states" (koinon, e.g. Aitolian league), to the mediaeval commune in Italy and elsewhere, to the centers of Maya civilization, to tribal kingdoms in Africa and tiny Asian principalities. Even nomadic organizations with changing territorial bases have been qualified as "migrating states" (Service and already ancient Chinese sources: "xing-guo"). American Indian confederations and various African tribes signed numerous treaties with Western governments - formally on an equal basis and without submission ends. They were doubtless independent subjects in the terms of international law. They could prove of elementary criteria according the classical theory of state: population, territory and an organized form of government. Nonetheless, a widespread opinion - referring to their lower standard of administration in comparison with European states and other deficits in assuring governmental control - reduces them to mere proto-types of a real state. Recalling the traditional qualification of early mediaeval Germanic and Slav kingdoms as states, there are reasons to warn against using a double standard and a one-sided Eurocentric view. Anyhow, a universal survey has to follow a universal conception. The European origin of the notion state, however, is not questioned. The Roman scholar Tertullian (d. after 220 AD) already used the term "status" as equivalent of "res publica", almost 13

XXVII

INTRODUCTION

centuries before the general acceptance of this terminology and its translation into other European languages (estado, état, Staat, state). It took further centuries to adjust the mere approximate equivalents in languages of other civilizations with their respective varying connotations to the semantic meaning of the European term "state" and its own process of definition by legal scholars in the passed two centuries. Applying and reprojecting the modern notion of state to past epochs and the respective way of thinking amounts to a risky undertaking, though nowadays generally accepted, at least on the basis of the broader understanding the English version "state" offers. Modern scientific disciplines - sociology and political geography - have proven helpful to overcome traditional obstacles of jurisprudence and historiography by defining as states a variety of human communities through the ages. The Staatslexikon cites a sociological definition: Der Staat ist "eine soziologische Erscheinung in der Entwicklung der Menschheit, sein Entwicklungsprozess reicht in einigen Fällen in die Vorgeschichte zurück" (the state is "a sociological phenonemon, its development process in some cases going back to prehistoric times"). Understanding the formative phase of state genesis as process makes it much easier to take into consideration transitory periods including advanced proto-state situations of civilizations - hotbead of states. This process produced collective and thereafter permanent political institutions, mostly under pressure of needs to overcome problems of survival. The mental and organisational support given by already existing religious centers and institutions should not be underestimated. In this context, the well known early Hebrew history, Mino an Crete, various Asian civilisations, the Greek amphyctionies and Celtic or German cult centers (e.g. Nerthus) offer instructive references. Starting with ad hoc structures of limited durance (war chiefs), the process of establishing an institutionalized and centralized leadership was generally a long one. Since the existence of states in the antiquity cannot be disputed, various scholars created the specific "state of the antiquity", a state sui generis. But there were more historical than structural differences between the merchant states in Antiquity (Tyre), Middle Ages (Venice) and Modern Time (Hamburg). This survey has to apply one state notion for all epochs. There is no doubt that the limitation of sovereignty does not imply the loss of state quality. Vasall states (Berkemer: Little Kingdoms) have been states, imperial or feudal structures often consisted of a hierarchically ordered combination of various states keeping nevertheless their own distinct profile. A temporary status of dependency - tributary, feudal or relations in the form of a protectorate does not mean at all the end of a state. Even the permanent integration into a federal structure and the lack of competences in the field of foreign and defence policies do not deprive the federal states in USA and in Germany of their constitutionally fixed state quality. There is no convincing argument denying state quality to communities in the past, equipped with armed forces, legislative and judiciary bodies and taxation powers of their own, only because they had accepted an imperial overlord. Consequently, the ecclesiastical principalities and the Reichsstädte before the loss of their immediate status in Holy Roman Empire 1802/3 were expressively called states by German scholars of Political Geography (Maul: Reichsprobstei Berchtesgaden als Staat). The same conclusion applies to various Swiss cantons prior to the merger into a firm confederation.

xxvni

INTRODUCTION

A state needs a sufficient territorial size and a minimum of citizens. These criteria should take into account the Mini-States in present Europe (Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino) and some members of the United Nations (Kiribati, Nauru, Vanuatu, St. Vincent a.o.), Tuvalu counting less than 10.000 inhabitants. Various ancient City States controlled only a few square miles of land, they had probably not more than 5000 citizens being a minimum basis to assure the managing of necessary state functions. Level and intensity of governmental organization should not be regarded as the most crucial criteria. Some African communities, having defended their independence against colonial powers until the beginning of the 20th century, were only poorly organised, but nevertheless styled "primitive states" (Service) or "tribal states". States had no common universal genesis and no worldwide synchronized development. Starting in the fourth millenium in Mesopotamia and Egypt, followed about 1000 years later in Chinese river valleys prior to the Indus valley and finally in the second millenium in the Eastern Mediterranean and Meso-America, the process of state formation passed transitory phases and produced a variety of constitutional forms. About 5000 years history presented theocratic (temple) states, military monarchies (Assyria) and other oriental despoties, City States with oligarchical, democratic and tyrannical structures, Empires based on religious ideas, on economic interests or simply on expansionist ambitions, feudal states with fragile loyalities to their respective overlord, merchant republics and states based on ethnical and national feelings, centralized and federal states, historically grown or artificially created to settle political disputes, dictatorships and parliamentary democracies. Former states usually perished at a specific date, quite a number, however, were fading away but maintained a formal existence (e.g. the Holy Roman Empire). Kingdoms and feudal structures in Africa and Asia survived colonial periods, some still formally exist (e.g. Asantahene in Ghana, Zulu in South Africa, Buganda, Ankole and Toro in Uganda).

The survey of states has two main parts: A) Antiquity including a list of the preceding civilisations - hotbeds of state formation B)

Mediaeval and Modern Times (AD 400-dato).

Both parts begin with lists of Empires. Empires have played key roles in world history. They rose as result of merger or submission of various original states to one center, often leaving autonomy to at least parts of the Empire. Their disintegration have generally been the origin of numerous new states. Only a small number of states did never belong to an Empire (i.a. Japan). Both parts are divided into continents, subcontinents, regions, sub-regions and finally into individual states (s. Contents). The general alphabetic order is subsidiary to the chronological sequence, the elder state precedes the later one. Designations are given in the present English, German and local version. Earlier names and geographical indications are added in brackets, also informations of preceding territorial units on its present territory. The original designation of former states is not XXIX

INTRODUCTION

always known and sometimes replaced by modern geographic names (e.g. some Maya places by posterior Spanish names) - a generally accepted anachronism. Changes of dynasties were often reason to rename the state or empire. Present nations use to count as integral part of their ancestors gallery politically, ethnically and culturally completely heterogeneous states (i.a. Iran, Mexico, Turkey) thus constructing a rather artificial historical continuity and bridging evident ruptures and caesura in the development of their countries. A certain continuity in material terms is suggested by architectural monuments, place names and herited territorial structures, used as references to strengthen national identity even in periods of lossed statehood. Egypt remained Egypt even in the course of 1000 years provincial status before the arrival of the Fatimids. This survey therefore also includes data on the specific territorial status after lost independence. After reference number, name and time period informations on the political constitution (kingdom, republic etc.) and following data are given, marked by abbreviations: ct. t.: Dyn.: dep.: occup.:

= = = = =

center (capital, residence of head of State/Government) title of head of State dynasty (in case) dependent on occupied by

Entered are also major events (foreign invasions, change of constitution). Italics on the left side name the successor state, added - as on other places - in brackets is the reference number given to every state in order to facilitate survey and references. More details are given only on the structure of the Holy Roman Empire, enumerating all member units (Reichsstande) which at least for limited periods proved of elementary criteria for statehood.

xxx

EINLEITUNG

Der gegenwärtige Stand historischer Erkenntnis rechtfertigt den Versuch einer allgemeinen Staatenübersicht über 5000 Jahre. Lücken in der Detailforschung und Unsicherheiten über die Genesis der Staatenbildung sind nunmehr erheblich reduziert worden. Wir können jetzt von einer Gesamtzahl von etwa 7500 Staaten in der Weltgeschichte ausgehen. Angesichts des begrenzten Raums für grössere menschliche Siedlungen auf der Erde und anderer Voraussetzungen für Staatenbildung dürfte die Dunkelziffer früherer Staaten, die möglicherweise von tropischer Vegetation verschlungen (forest states in Afrika und Südasien), unter Wüstensand begraben (Sahara, Steppen Zentralasiens), von Naturkatastrophen oder Militäraktionen zerstört wurden und noch der Entdeckung harren oder schlicht von Chronisten und Historikern übersehen wurden, nicht mehr als wenige hundert betragen. Diese Publikation stellt das erste annähernd vollständige historische Staatenverzeichnis dar. Das Zögern, den Begriff „Staat" auf eine Reihe menschlicher Gemeinwesen im Altertum und in späteren Epochen anzuwenden, mag eine Erklärung dafür geben, warum ein vergleichbarer Versuch nicht früher unternommen wurde. Sicher besteht eine Notwendigkeit, die Mindestbestandselemente für einen Staat zu bestimmen, um die Unterscheidungslinie zu anderen Formen kollektiver Einheiten zu ziehen - Clan, Horde, Ortschaften, Orden geistlichen oder anderen Charakters. Desweiteren bleibt die - auch nur annäherungsweise vorgenommene - Datierung der Anfänge eines Staates problematisch. Die Transformation vom gemeinsamen Kultzentrum, von einer losen Stammeskonföderation, einer sich abspaltenden Provinz oder anderen Prototypen in einen wirklichen Staat vollzog sich nicht in Monatsfrist und ohne Rückschläge. Manchmal bedurfte es einer Menschengeneration oder sogar einer längeren Zeit. Bei der Definition des Staates hat vor allem die kontinentaleuropäische Rechtslehre traditionell einer restriktiven Betrachtungsweise den Vorzug gegeben, beeinflusst durch das Modell des modernen, nachmittelalterlichen Staates. Auf der anderen Seite haben anglo-amerikanische Publikationen ohne Zögern den terminus „State" allgemeiner angewandt, z.B. auf Städte (civitas, polis, res publica) und „ethnische Staaten" (koinon, z.B. der Aitolische Bund) im Altertum, auf die „commune" des Mittelalters in Italien und anderswo, auf die Zentren der Maya-Zivilisation, auf Stammesreiche in Afrika und auf kleinste asiatische Fürstentümer. Sogar Nomadenorganisationen mit wechselnder territorialer Basis sind als „Wandernde Staaten" qualifiziert worden (Service und bereits chinesische Quellen im Altertum: xing guo). Amerikanische IndianerKonföderationen und verschiedene afrikanische Stämme unterzeichneten zahlreiche Verträge mit westlichen Regierungen auf formal gleichberechtigter Grundlage und ohne das Ziel der Unterwerfung ohne Zweifel als unabhängige Subjekte im Sinne des Völkerrechts. Sie wiesen auch die elementaren Kriterien der klassischen Staatstheorie auf: Bevölkerung, Territorium und eine organisierte Form der Regierung. Nichtsdestoweniger hat sie eine weitverbreitete Ansicht im Hinblick auf ihr im Vergleich mit europäischen Staaten niedriges administratives Niveau und auf andere Defizite bei der Sicherung staatlicher Kontrolle auf Prototypen eines wirklichen Staates reduziert. In

XXXI

EINLEITUNG

Erinnerung an die traditionelle Qualifikation frühmittelalterlicher germanischer und slawischer Königreiche als Staaten sollte vor dem Gebrauch doppelter Standards und vor einer einseitigen eurozentrischen Sicht gewarnt werden. Diese weltweite Übersicht hat einer universalen Konzeption zu folgen. Der europäische Ursprung des Begriffs steht ausser Frage. Bereits der römische Gelehrte Tertullian (gest. nach 200 AD) gebrauchte den Terminus „status" als gleichbedeutend für „res publica", fast 13 Jahrhunderte vor der allgemeinen Übernahme dieser Terminologie und ihrer Übertragung in andere europäischen Sprachen (estado, état, Staat, State). Es nahm weitere Jahrhunderte in Anspruch, um die lediglich annähernden Entsprechungen in den Sprachen anderer Kulturkreise mit ihren jeweilig variierenden Konnotationen an die semantische Bedeutung des europäischen Terminus „State" und seinen eigenen Prozess der Definition durch Rechtsgelehrte der vergangenen zwei Jahrhunderte anzugleichen. Den modernen Staatsbegriff auf vergangene Epochen und ihre Denkungsart anzuwenden und zu reprojizieren kommt einem riskanten Unternehmen gleich, obwohl es heutzutage zumindest auf der Grundlage des breiteren Verständnisses der englischen Version „State" allgemein akzeptiert wird. Moderne Wissenschaftsdisziplinen Soziologie und Politische Geographie - haben sich bei der Überwindung der Hindernisse hilfreich erwiesen, welchen sich die traditionelle Rechtswissenschaft und Geschichtsschreibung bei der Definition einer Reihe menschlicher Gemeinwesen in der Geschichte als Staaten gegenübersah. Im Staatslexikon wird eine soziologische Definition zitiert: Der Staat ist „eine soziologische Erscheinung in der Entwicklung der Menschheit, sein Entwicklungsprozess reicht in einigen Fällen in die Vorgeschichte zurück". Wird die formative Phase der Genesis des Staates als ein Prozess verstanden, ist es viel leichter Übergangsperioden einschliesslich fortgeschrittener protostaatlicher Perioden von Kulturen - Nährboden von Staaten - zu berücksichtigen. Der Prozess brachte kollektive und später ständige politische Institutionen hervor, zumeist unter dem Druck der Notwendigkeit, Überlebensprobleme zu bewältigen. Nicht unterschätzt werden soll die mentale und organisatorische Unterstützung dieses Prozesses durch bereits existierende religiöse Zentren und Institutionen. Instruktive Referenzen bieten in diesem Zusammenhang die wohlbekannte Geschichte der Hebräer, das minoische Kreta, verschiedene asiatische Zivilisationen, die griechischen Amphyktionien und keltische und germanische Kultzentren (z.B. der Nerthus). Beginnend mit ad hoc-Strukturen von begrenzter Dauer (Anführer im Krieg), war der Prozess der Errichtung einer institutionalisierten und zentralisierten Führung generell ein längerer. Da die Existenz von Staaten im Altertum nicht bestritten werden kann, erfanden verschiedene Gelehrte den spezifischen „Staat des Altertums", einen Staat sui generis. Doch gab es mehr historische als strukturelle Unterschiede zwischen den Handelsstaaten im Altertum (Tyrus), Mittelalter (Venedig) und der Neuzeit (Hamburg). Diese Übersicht hatte einen Staatsbegriff für alle Epochen zu verwenden. Es steht ausser Zweifel, dass eine Souveränitätseinschränkung eo ipso keinen Verlust der Staatsqualität impliziert. Vasallen-Staaten (Berkemer: Little Kingdoms) waren Staaten, imperiale und feudale Strukturen setzten sich oft aus einer hierarchisch geordneten Verbindung verschiedener Staaten zusammen, die nichtsdestoweniger ihr eigenes Profil bewahrten. Ein vorübergehender Status der Abhängigkeit - Tribut-, Feudal- oder Beziehungen in der Form des Protektorats - bedeutet keineswegs das Ende eines Staates. Sogar die XXXII

EINLEITUNG

ständige Einbindung in eine föderale Struktur und das Fehlen von Kompetenzen auf den Feldern der Aussen- und Verteidigungspolitik nehmen den Bundesstaaten in den USA und Deutschland nicht ihre verfassungsmässig festgelegte Staatsqualität. Es gibt kein überzeugendes Argument, Gemeinwesen der Vergangenheit, die mit eigenen Streitkräften, legislativen und rechtsprechenden Instanzen und Steuerhoheit ausgerüstet waren, nur deswegen die Staatsqualität abzusprechen, weil sie einen imperialen Oberherren akzeptiert hatten. Folgerichtig wurden die geistlichen Fürstentümer und die Reichsstädte vor dem Verlust ihrer Reichsunmittelbarkeit im Heiligen Römischen Reich 1802/3 von deutschen Wissenschaftlern der Politischen Geographie ausdrücklich als Staaten bezeichnet (Maul: Reichsprobstei Berchtesgaden als Staat). Dieselbe Schlussfolgerung gilt für einige Schweizer Kantone vor ihrem Zusammenschluss in einer festen Konföderation. Ein Staat benötigt ausreichende territoriale Grösse und ein Minimum an Bevölkerung. Diese Kriterien sollten die Mini-Staaten im heutigen Europa (Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino) und einige Mitglieder der Vereinten Nationen (Kiribati, Nauru, Vanuatu, St. Vincent u.a.) berücksichtigen, Tuvalu mit weniger als 10.000 Einwohnern. Verschiedene Stadtstaaten im Altertum zählten vielleicht nicht mehr als 5.000 Bürger, die wenige Quadratmeilen kontrollierten. Damit näherten sie sich der Untergrenze für die Wahrnehmung elementarer staatlicher Funktionen. Niveau und Intensität der Regierungsorganisation sollten nicht als die entscheidenden Kriterien für einen Staat gelten. Einige afrikanische Gemeinwesen, die ihre Unabhängigkeit gegen die westlichen Kolonialmächte bis Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts verteidigten, waren nur dürftig organisiert, wurden desungeachtet als „primitive states" bezeichnet (Service). Staaten hatten keine universale gemeinsame Entstehung und keine weltweite zeitgleiche Entwicklung. Beginnend im vorchristlichen 4. Jahrtausend in Mesopotamien und Ägypten, gefolgt etwa 1000 Jahre später in den Flusstälern Chinas und dem IndusTal und schliesslich im 2. Jahrtausend im Gangestal, dem östlichen Mittelmeerraum und Meso-Amerika, durchschritt der Prozess der Staatenbildung Übergangsphasen und brachte eine Reihe von konstitutionellen Formen hervor. Rund 5000 Jahre Geschichte präsentierten theokratische (Tempel-)Staaten, Militärmonarchien wie Assyrien und andere orientalische Despotien, Stadtstaaten mit oligarchischen, demokratischen und tyrannischen Strukturen, auf religiösen Vorstellungen, wirtschaftlichen Interessen oder schlicht auf expansionistischen Ambitionen gründende Imperien, Feudalstaaten mit oft fragilen Loyalitäten zum jeweiligen Oberherrn, Handelsrepubliken und Staaten auf ethnisch oder national bestimmter Grundlage, zentralisierte oder föderative Staaten, historisch gewachsene oder künstliche zur Lösung politischer Konflikte geschaffene Diktaturen und parlamentarische Demokratien. Frühere Staaten gingen üblicherweise zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt unter, einige jedoch gingen nur allmählich zugrunde (z.B. das Heilige Römische Reich), behielten aber eine formale Existenz. Königreiche und feudale Strukturen in Afrika und Asien überlebten die Kolonialperiode, einige existieren formal noch (z.B. Asantahene in Ghana, Zulu in Südafrika, Buganda, Ankole und Toro in Uganda).

XXXIII

EINLEITUNG

Die Staaten-Übersicht hat zwei Hauptteile : A)

Altertum einschliesslich einer Liste vorausgegangener Kulturen (Nährboden der Staatenbildung)

B)

Mittelalter und Moderne Zeiten (AD 400-dato)

Beide Teile beginnen mit Listen der Grossreiche. Grossreiche haben in der Weltgeschichte Schlüsselrollen gespielt. Sie entstanden als Ergebnis des Zusammenschlusses oder der Unterwerfung verschiedener ursprünglicher Staaten unter ein Zentrum, oft zumindest Teilen des Reichs eine Autonomie belassend. Ihr Zerfall war allgemein der Ursprung zahlreicher neuer Staaten. Nur eine kleine Zahl von Staaten gehörte nie einem Grossreich an (z.B. Japan). Beide Hauptteile teilen sich nach Kontinenten, Subkontinenten, Regionen, Subregionen und letztlich in einzelne Staaten oder Gruppierungen (s. Inhaltsverzeichnis). Die allgemeine alphabetische Anordnung weicht der chronologischen Folge, der ältere Staat geht dem späteren voran. Die Bezeichnungen erfolgen in der heutigen englischen, deutschen und lokalen Version. Frühere Namen und geographische Hinweise folgen in Klammer, auch Informationen über vorausgegangene territoriale Einheiten auf dem gegenwärtigen Staatsgebiet. Die ursprüngliche Bezeichnimg früherer Staaten ist nicht immer bekannt und wird manchmal durch heutige geographische Namen ersetzt (z.B. einige Maya-Orte durch spätere spanische Namen) - ein allgemein akzeptierter Anachronismus. Dynastiewechsel waren oft Grund, Staat oder Imperium umzubenennen. Heutige Nationen neigen dazu, als Bestandteil ihrer Ahnengalerie politisch, ethnisch und kulturell völlig unterschiedliche Staaten zu rechnen (z.B. Iran, Mexiko, Türkei), somit eine ziemlich künstliche historische Kontinuität herzustellen und evidente Brüche und Zäsuren in der Entwicklung ihrer Länder zu überbrücken. Eine gewisse Kontinuität im materiellen Sinne wird durch Baumonumente, Ortsnamen und überkommene Territorialstrukturen suggeriert, die als Bezüge zur Festigung der nationalen Identität selbst in Zeiten verlorener Staatlichkeit genutzt wurden. Ägypten blieb Ägypten selbst im Laufe von 1000 Jahren provinziellen Status' vor der Ankunft der Fatimiden. Daher bezieht diese Übersicht auch Angaben über den spezifischen territorialen Status nach verlorener Unabhängigkeit mit ein. Nach Name und Zeitdauer werden Angaben zur politischen Verfassung (Königreich, Republik etc.) gemacht, weitere Informationen gegeben und mit Abkürzungen gekennzeichnet: ct. t.: Dyn. dep. occup.

= = = = =

center (Hauptstadt, Residenz des Staats-/Regierungshaupts) title (Titel des Staatsoberhaupts) Dynastie (ggf.) dependent on / abhängig von occupied (time) by / besetzt (Zeit) von

Angegeben werden ferner grössere Ereignisse (fremde Invasionen, Änderung der Verfassung usw.). In Kursivschrift am linken Rand wird der Nachfolgestaat genannt mit seiner Kennzeichennummer in Klammern, die auch bei anderer Erwähnung zur Erleichterung des Überblicks und der Bezugnahme verwendet wird. Mehr Einzelheiten werden nur über die Struktur des Heiligen Römischen Reichs genannt mit der Aufzählung aller Glieder (Reichsstände), die zumindest in begrenzten Perioden die elementaren Kriterien der Staatlichkeit aufwiesen.

xxxiv

STATES

ANTIQUITY / CIVILISATIONS - 1.138

A)

A N T I Q U I T Y

1.1-5

1.11

A L T E R T U M

Proto-State Civilisations £ Legendary Origins / Vor-Staatliche Kulturen £ legendäre Ursprünge

I)

1.1

/

A S I A

BC 7500-800

c.7500-2000

/

A S I E N

WEST ASIA / WEST-ASIEN

Palestine £ Syria / Palästina £ Syrien Pre-Semite settlements / Vorsemit.Siedlungen • i.a. : in Jericho, Jerusalem, Mallaha, Megiddo, c.4500 Byblos, Ugarit c.2440 Akkad invasion c.2300 Egypt.invasion p.2200 Hurri immigration Semite immigration p.2100 Canaanite immigration

1.12

c.7000-1700

Gulf Coast / Golf-Kuste

1.121

c.7000-2317p.

Magan (Uman)

1.122

c.3200-1700

Dilmun (Bahrayn: Early Period/Fruhe Periode)

1.123

c.2800-1800

Um an-Nar (Abu Dhabi)

1.13

c.6800-2300

Anatolia £ Cyprus / Anatolien £ Zypern (Neolithic centers / Neusteinzeitl.Zentren)

1.131

c.6800/6500

gatal Hüyük

(SE-Anatolia)

1.132

c.6000

Mersin

1.133

c.6000

Hacilar

1.134

p.4000-3400

Khirokita (Cyprus)

1.135

c.3500-3000

Erimi (Cyprus)

1.136

c.3400-3200

Kalevassos-Sotira (Cyprus)

1.137

p.3000-2300

Troia I-II, destroyed / zerstört c.2300

1.138

c.2800-2500

Alaca

Hüyük (Ali^er/Turkey)

3

1.141 - ANTIQUITY / CIVILISATIONS

1.14

BC 4400-2750

1.141

c.4400-3700

Tall Halaf (N)

1.142

c.4200-3800

Eridu (Hägg Muhammad)

1.143

c.3700-3300

al-Ubayd (S) p.3300 Sumer immigration

1.144

c.2950-2750

Öamdat Nasr (n.Kis)

1.15

BC 2900-800

Mesopotamia / Mesopotamien c.3800-2000 Period of Great Floods / Periode grosser Überschwemmungen

Transcaucasia & Iran / Transkaukasien & Iran

1.151

p.2900-2100p.

Kur-Araxes

1.152

c.2500-1100

Elar

1.153

c.2300-2100a.

1.154

c.2200-2050

(Caucasia)

(Armenia)

(2350-800 tradit.dates

f.legend.Armen.Patriarchs)

Lulubi (Zagros Mts./W-Iran) Guti

1.2 1.21 1.211 1.212

(Luristan/W-Iran))

EAST ASIA / OST—ASIEN

BC 7000-AD 300 c.7000-350

c.300-AD 300

J a p a n Jômon (BC 660: traditional date for first Emperor / Tradition.Datum fur den ersten Kaiser) Yayoi

1.22-24 BC 4000-1150

C h i n a

1.22-23

c.4000-1500

Early Civilizations / Frühe Kulturen

1.221

c.4000-2100

Dawenkou (E)

1.222

c.4000-2600

Yangshao (N,Huanghe Basin/Shanxi)

1.223

c.3700-2700

Daxi (SW,Yangzi basin)

1.224

a.3000-a.2200

Hengshan

(NE,Liaoning)

1.225

p.3000-a.1500

Longshan

(W-Shandong)

4

&

K o r e a

(Asadal)

ANTIQUITY / CIVILISATIONS - 1.317

1.226

p.3000-1000

Sanxinghui

(Guanghan/W-Sichuan)

(Ancient Shu / Alt-Shu) 1.227

c.2500-1700

Liangzhu (SE,Yangzi Basin)

1.228

c.2500-2100

Gujialing (Yangzi Basin)

1.229

c.2100-1150

Shandong (E, Cheng-tsu-yai)

1.230

c.2000-a.1000

Machang (NE,Gansu)

1.231

c.2000-1000

Xiaotu (N-Henan)

1.24

1.241-243 1.241 1.242 1.243

Legendary Dynasties / Legendäre Dynastien Traditional Dates / Traditonelle Daten BC 2852-1766 2852-2205 2420-2300 2205-1766

C h i n a First Emperors / Erste Kaiser Yao Xia ct.Anxi (Shanxi)

1.244-245

BC 2232-193 A s a d a 1 (N-Korea)

1.244 1.245

1.3-4

2232-1122 1192-193

Tan Kija Gun (Ko-Chosen)

SOUTH £ SOUTH EAST ASIA / SÜD- & SÜDOST-ASIEN

1.3

p. 3500-900p.

I n d i a

/

I n d i e n

1.31-32

p.3500-1800

Pre-Harappan Sites in Pakistan /

1.311

p.3500-2400p.

1.312

c.3400-2200

1.313

c.3400-1800p.

1.314

a.3000-1200

1.315

c.2750-2600

1.316

c.2700-1200

1.317

a.2600-a.2100

Vor-Harrapa-Orte in Pakistan : Balakot (Sindh) Hathala Mehrgarh V-VIII (Baluèistan) Amri I-IV (n.Sehwan/Hydarabad) Deh Morasi Ghundai Gumla III-V

(NE-Panjab)

Kot Diji, destroyed / zerstört a.2100 5

1.318 - ANTIQUITY / CIVILISATIONS

1.318

a.2500-2200

Damb Sadaat

1.319

c.2400-2250p.

Kalibangan I (Rajasthan)

1.320

p.24 00-2100p.

Nowsharo

1.321

a.2000

Nidovari Damb

1.322

c.1900

Niaibuthi

1.33-34

BC 2500-1700p.

Harappa Civilisation (? Melahhu) Neolithic centers in Indus Valley / Neusteinzeitliche Zentren im Indus-Tal c.1900-1860 Period of Great Floods / Periode grosser Überschwemmungen p.1700 Destruction by foreign invaders/ Zerstörung durch fremde Invasoren

1.331

a.2500- 1700

Harappa

1.332

c .2500- 1700

Mitathal (Uttar Pradesh)

1.333

c. 2200- 1800p.

Mohenjo-Daro (S-Panjab)

1.334

p. 2200- 1700

Kalibangan II (NW)

1.335

p. 2100- a. 1700

Lothai

1.336

a .2000- a. 1600

Surakotda (Gujarat)

1.337

c .2000- 1400

Banawali

(Haryana)

1.338

c. 2000- 1700p.

Rojadi

(Gujarat)

1.339

c. 2000- 1400p.

Sanghol

(Panjab)

1.340

c. 1900- 1650

Bara

(Panjab)

1.341

c.1900

Ghalighai (Pakistan)

1.35

BC 2300-900p.

Malwa

(Panjab), flour.c.2250-1800

(Kathiawar)

Culture / Kultur

(Madhya Pradesh,Maharashtra) 1.351

c.2300-1400

Navdatoli (Mahar.)

1.352

p.1600-900p.

Inamgaon (Mahar.)

1.353

c.1400-1350

Daimabad (Mahar.)

1.354

c.1300

Barkhera (Madhya Pradesh)

6

ANTIQUITY / CIVILISATIONS - 1.515

1.36

BC a.2000-1300p.

1.37

p.1800-1300p.

Kayatha Culture / Kultur (Madhya Pradesh,Räjasthan) Bana

Culture / Kultur

(Ahar/Räjasthan) 1.38

p.1600-1000

Jorwe

1.381

p.1600-1300p.

Sonegaon

1.382

a.1300-a.1000

Chandoli

1.383

c.1250

Nevasa

1.384

c.1200-1000

Kheda

(Maharashtra)

SOUTH EAST ASIA / SÜDOST-ASIEN

1.4

1.41

Culture / Kultur

Traditional Dates for Legendary Dynasties / Traditionelle Daten für legendäre Dynastien

1.411 1.412

1.42

1.5

BC 2874-a.600 2666-833

c.2000-500

N-Vietnam : Dyn. Xich Quy Mara (Arakan/Myanmar) Dyn. Yo Dinnyavati

Ban Kao Culture / Kultur (N-Malaya, S-Thailand)

NORTH £ CENTRAL ASIA / NORD- £ ZENTRAL-ASIEN

1.51-52 BC c.2500-700

Early Civilisations / Frühe Kulturen

1.51

c.2500-700

South Siberia / Süd-Sibirien & N-Turkestan

1.511

c.2500-a.2000

Afanas'evo

1.512

c.2000-1700

Okun'ev

1.513

c.1700-AD 300

Andronovo (Altai, Kazakhstan)

1.514

c.1600-1000

Steppe Civilisation

1.515

c.1200-700

Qarasuq

(n.Pazaryk/S-Siberia)

(S-Siberia)

(Kazakhstan)

(Altai,Minussinsk)

7

1.52 - ANTIQUITY / CIVILISATIONS

1.52

c.2500-1000p.

Afghanistan, S-Turkestan

1.521

c.2500-1500p.

Tepe Hissar III

1.522

c.1500-1000

Anau IV (SW-Turkmenistan)

1.523

c.2000-1700p.

Mundigak V

1.524

a.1700-1000p.

Namazga Tepe VI

1.525

c.1700-1500

Sapalli-Tepe

1.526

c.1500-1350

Dsharkuta-Tepe

1.527

c.1400-1200p.

Tepe Sialk V (Iran)

1.528

c.1350-1000

Molali-Tepe

1.53

(Bactria/NE-Iran)

(n.Qandahar/Afghanistan) (S-Turkmenistan)

(N-AfghanUzbekistan)

(Iran)

Traditional Dates for Legendary Rulers / Traditionelle Daten für legendäre Herrscher

1.531 1.532

BC a.1700-1300a. 1063-300

1.6

1.61

Huns (Hungur in Mongolia) Dyn. in Tibet

A F R I C A

BC c.4500-3100p.

/

A F R I K A

Lower Egypt / Unter-Ägypten : Merimde (Beni Salame)

1.62

c.4000-3100p.

Opper Egypt / Ober-Ägypten :

1.621

c.4000-3900p.

Badari

1.622

c.3900-3700p.

Deir Tasa

1.623

a.3600-3200

Arara (Naqqada I)

1.624

c.3200-3100p.

Girza (Naqqada II)

8

(n.Assiut)

ANTIQUITY / CIVILISATIONS - 1.726

1.7 1.71

E U R O P E BC a.3000-700

/

E U R O P A

Eastern European Civilisations / Osteuropäische Kulturen

1.711

a.3000- ?

1.712

a.2750- ?

Abasevo (Ukraina) Tripol'e (Ukraina) 1.713

c.900-700 Kiirraierian Civilisation

1.72

a.2500-700

Mediterranean Civilisations / Mittelmeer-Kulturen

1.721

a.2500-1050

Minaean Civilisation (Crete & Aegaeis) / Minoische Kultur (Kreta S Ägäis) ct.Knossos, Phaistos (Crete) Phase I Phase II

a.2500-1950 a.1950-1570 destruction by earthquake / Zerstörung durch Erdbeben Phase III c.1550-1050 Knossos hegemony, Aegaean thalassocracy / Knossos-Hegemonie,Ägäische Seeherrschaft

1.722

c.2500-1150

Helladic/ Mykenaen Civilisation (Greece) / Kultur von Hellas/Mykenai (Griechenland) Phase I Phase II

a.2500-2000 a.2000-1550 c.1900 Indogerman. invasion Phase III a.1550-1150 Neolithic centers / Neusteinzeitl.Zentren : Argos, Athenai,Aiginai, Korinthos, Mykenai, Pylos, Tegea/Arkadia, Thebai, Tyrins)

1.723

c.1700-1200

El-Argar Civilisation (S-Spain)

1.724

c.1050-700

Etruscan Civilisation / Kultur der Etrusker (Central Italy/ Mittel-Italien) Early phases / Frühe Phasen : c.1050-900 Benacci I c.900-700 Benacci II

1.725

c.1000-700

Villanova Civilisation (N & Central Ital.)

1.726

c.1000-700

Illyrian Civilisation (W-Balkan)

9

1.731 - ANTIQUITY / CIVILISATIONS

1.73

BC 1500-50

Central European Civilizations / Kulturen in Zentraleuropa

1.731

a.1500-700

Celti / Kelten c.775-430 Germanic immigration / German. Einwanderung

1.732

c.1300-500

Lausitz (Central, E )

1.733

c.750-450

Hallstein (S)

1.734

c.450-50

La Tene (SW)

1.8

A M E R I C A

/

A M E R I K A

1.81-82

C.1650-AD 150

Meso-American Civilisations / Mittelamrikanischen Kulturen

1.811

c.1650-1600

Capacha (Colima)

1.812 '

c.1650-1100

Huastecas (Rio Panuco)

1.813

c.1600-900

Tlalcozatitlán (Guerrero)

1.814

c.1500-500p.

Izapa

1.815

c.1500-900

Tehuacan (Phase: Ajalpán)

1.816

p.l500-900p.

Tres Zapotes (Olmecas/Vera Cruz)

(Chiapas/SW-Mexico)

1. 817

1356-1190

Morelos (Otomi/Phase: Las Bocas)

1.818

c.1350-AD 350

Chiapa de Corzo (Olmecas, Chiapas)

1.819

c.1150-475

La Venta (Tabasco)

1.820

c.1100-

Swasey (Belize)

1.821

c.1000-200

Dzibilchatun

1.822

C.1000-AD 150

Tlatilco (Olmecas/C.de Mexico)

(Proto-Mayas)

1.823

c.900-700

Chalcatzingo (Olmecas in Morelos)

1.824

c.900-700

Juxtlahuaca (Olmecas)

10

ANTIQUITY / CIVILISATIONS - 1.844

1.83

BC 1200-600 AD

Anden Civilizations (S-America) / Anden-Kulturen (Südamerika)

1.831

p.1200-400

Chavin de Huántar (N-Perú)

1.832

c.1100-200

Paracas (S-Perú)

1.833

C.900-AD 600

Chiripa

1.834

c.900-200

Pucara

1.835

BC C.200-AD 700

Tiahuanaco (Phases I-II)

1.836

BC c.lOO-AD 600

Nazca

1.837

1.84

C.500-

BC 800-AD 1500

Manteño-Huancavilca

(Ecuador)

North American Civilisations / Nordamerikanische Kulturen

1.841

c.800-AD 800

1.842

BC 350-AD 1400

1.843

BC 200-AD a.1540 Anasazi (Arizona,New Mexico)

1.844 AD a.1540-1848

Adena (Ohio) Hohokam (S-Arizona)

Pueblo (New Mexico)

11

ANTIQUITY / EMPIRES - 2.121 II)

Historic States & politically organized Territories and Tribes / Historische Staaten £ politisch organisierte Territorien und Stämme

E m p i r e s 2.1

A S I A

/

G r o s s r e i c h e

/

A S I E N

WESTERN ASIA / WESTLICHES ASIEN

2.11-12

2.111

BC c.2350-2270

2.112

c.1700-1390

2.113

1698-1648

2.114

c.1670-1300

Hatti (Hittite Empire) Central 4 E-Anatolia, Kilikia, Syria ct.Hattusa (Böghazköy)

2.115

c.1360-1207

Assur I (Assyria/Assyrien) Mesopotamia, SE-Anatolia, Syria ct.: Assur (Kalat Sergat), p.1228 Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta

2.116

c.1110-1074

Assur II ct.Assur

Akkad Babylon,Subartu/Mesop.,Elam,W-Iran,Amurru,Syria ct.Akkad (Agade) Mitanni N-Mesopotamia, NE-Syria, E-Turkey ct. Vassugani (n.Ras al-Ain) Babylon I (Sumer S Akkad) ct.Babili, Dyn.Amurru

2.117

732-625

Assur III Mesopotamia, Palestine, Syria, SE-Anatolia,Egypt ct.: Assur,a.860 Kalah (Nimrud), 720 Dur-Sarrukin,694 Ninua

2.118

626-539

Babylon II Persia(120) Mesopotamia, Palestine, Syria, SE-Anatolia ct.Babili (Babylon)

2.119

585-552

Media / Medien N & W-Iran, N-Mespotamia,E-Turkey ct.Hangmatana (Ekbatana/W-Iran)

2.120

550-332

Persia / Persien Makedon.Empire(121) Iran, Mesopotamia, Palestine, Syria, Minor Asia, Egypt, Caucasia, Bactria ct.Babylon, Parsa (Persepolis),Susa Achaimenid dyn.

2.121

332-190

Makedon.-Seleukid Empire Iran, Mesopotamia, Minor Asia, Palestine, Syria ct. Babylon, 293 Seleukia/n.Babylon

Persia(120)

13

2.122 - ANTIQUITY / EMPIRES

2.122

166-34

2.123

BC 140-227 AD

2.124

250-640

2.13

2.131

2.132

2.14

2.141

(Greater) Armenia Parthia(123),Roma(323) Caucasia,E-Anatolia,N-Mesopotamia,N-Syria,NW-Iran ct.Artaxata, p.86 Tigranocerta Parthia Sasanid Iran, Mesopotamia, Transcaucasia ct. BC 129 Ktesiphon/n.Baghdad Arsakid dyn.

Sasanid Empire / Sassaniden-Reich Iran, Nesopoamia, Transcaucasia, Turkestan

EAST ASIA / OSTASIEN

BC c.1766-771

BC 256-191 AD

China I Northern, Central & Eastern China Dyn.: c.1766-1401 Shang ct.Xi Bo/Henan, Yinxu/Chage c.1401-1122 Yin ct.Xiaotun(Dashang),Yin/Henan c.1027-771 Zhou ct.Hao/n.Xian,Shaanxi China II All China (BC 214/122 in S-China,67 in W-China) ct.: Xiangyang,202 Guanzhong,AD 25 Luoyang, 105 Jong,Zhaoyeh Dyn.: BC 256-206 Qin ct.Xiangyang/Shaanxi 206-202 disintegraton 202-25 AD Han (West) ct.Guanzhong, Xiangyang 25-191 Han (East) ct.Luoyang/Henan,105 Jong,Zhaoyeh

NORTH & CENTRAL ASIA / NORD- & ZENTRAL-ASIEN (Steppe Empires / Steppenreiche)

BC c.750-300p.AD

Scyth Empire / Skythen-Reich N-Turkestan, Turgai, West Siberia

2.142

BC 256-279 AD

Xiongnu (Hun Empire/Hunnen-Reich) Mongolia, N-China, S-Siberia

2.143

AD 123-233/250

Xianpi (Sienpi) Mongolia, N-China

2.144

273-556

14

Emp.(124)

Ruan Ruan (Jou Jan,Juan Juan) Mongolia, Turkestan, NW-China ct.Dunxiang

ANTIQUITY / EMPIRES - 2.222

2.15

SOUTHERN ASIA / SÜDLICHES ASIEN

2.151

BC c.450-349

2.152

c.250-149

2.153

AD 65/78-240

2.154

126-249

Andhra Gujarat, Sindh, Central & South India (except.: Karnataka,Kerala)

2.155

460-560/70

Gupta Empire North & Central India

2.2

Kusâna Empire (Kushân) Northern & Western India

/

A F R I K A

EGYPT / ÄGYPTEN

2.211

1991-1786

2.212

1552/01-1075

2.22

Magadha II all India except Kerala & Tamil Nadu ct.Pataliputra(Patna) Dyn.: Maurya, s.185 ùunga

A F R I C A

2.21

2.213

Magadha I Northern India ct.Pataliputra (Patna)

285-200

Dynast.XII Egypt, N-Sudan, N-Ethiopia ct.Weset (Thebes) New Kingdom / Neues Reich (Dyn.XVIII-XX) Egypt,North Sudan,Palestine, Southern Syria ct.Weset (Thebes),1359-46 Akhetaton, 1328 Men-Nefer (Memphis),1270 Pi-Ramesse Ptolemee Empire / Reich der Ptolemäer Egypt,N-Sudan,N-Ethiopia,Libya, Cyprus,S-Turkey,Palest.,Syria ct.Alexandria/N-Egypt

NUBIA & NORTH AFRICA / NUBIEN & NORD-AFRIKA

2.221

741-663

Nubia (Napata) Sudan,Egypt,Ethiopia ct.Napata

2.222

540-210

Karthago Western Mediterranean coasts,Sardinia,Sicily,Malta ct.Karthago

15

2.311 - ANTIQUITY / EMPIRES

2.3

E U R O P E

2.31

/

E Ü R O P A

EASTERN EUROPE / OSTEUROPA

2.311

BC p.600-400p

2.312

AD 425-454

2.32

Royal Scytha / Königliche Skythen (Confederation) N-Balkan, Crimea, Ukraina, N-Caucasia ct. between Don and Dniepr Hun Empire / Hunnenreich Danube regions/ Donauregionen,Ukraina, N-Caucasia ct. in Theyss plain (Hungary)

SOUTHERN EUROPE / SÜDLICHES EUROPA

2.321

448-412

Attic (de facto) Empire / Att(.de facto) Reich Hegemony in Aegaeis, Bosporos, Black Sea cities ct.Athenai

2.322

338-280

Makedonia Greece, S-Balkan ct.Pella, 294 Demetriae

2.323

BC 146-450 AD

Imperlimi Romanum (West) Mediterranean & Black Sea, Danube regions Britannia, Gallia, W-Germania, Caucasia, Egypt ct.Roma, Trier/Trèves, 293 Milano,402 Ravenna BC 146-27 Imperial Republic BC 27-AD 295 Empire (Principatus) AD 295-395 Empire (Dominatus) 395-450 Western Empire

16

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.117 3-5

Individual States / Einzelne

3 3.1-6

3.11-16

3.111-127

A S X A

/

Staaten

A S I E N

Western Asia / Westliches Asien

BC a.3100-AD 637

a.3100-1650

MESOPOTAMIA / MESOPOTAMIEN

S u m e r u

(?Kengir,?Nuffer/S-Mesopotamia)

Relig.center s.2626 Nippur; 50 City States,i.a.: 3.111

a.3000-74Op.

Larak

Assur(149)

3.112 3.113

c.3000-1800 c.3000-1816

Bad Tibira (Tali al-Mada'in) Kis (Tall al-Dhaymir) Babylon(160) et. Kis Dyn.: c.3000-2500 Kis I a.2900 Ingarra (Khursagkalama/E-Kis) c.2500-2250 Kis II dep. 2467-2360? Lagas (117) occup. c.2350 by Akkad (129)

3.114

c.2970-1740/22 Uruk (Erech,Warka) Babylon(160) ct.Uruk Dyn.: c.2970-2660 Uruk I c.2660-2500 s. Kis I (113) c.2500-2400 Uruk II c.2400-2353 s.Adab (121) 2353-2340 Uruk III, s.Umma (118) c.2340-2154 s.Akkad (129) c.2150-2125 Uruk IV c.2125-2054 s.Guti (142) 2057-a.20 Uruk V (Semites ) a.2020-1955 s.Ur III (121) 1955-a.1760 s.Isin (132) a.1760-1740 Uruk VI 1740-1722 s.Larsa (131)

3.115

a.2600-a.2400

Suruppak (Fara)

3.116

c.2600-2...

Aratta

3.117

c.2600-1763

Lagas C5nma(118) et.Lagas (al-Hiba), c.2550 Girsu (Tello) c.2600-2500 Kis supremacy in 17 places, 8 principal cities, i.a.: Lagas, Girsu, Nina (Surgah) c.2500-2360 Dyn. Ur-nanse c.2360-2350? s. Umma (118) c.2350-2215 Akkad supremacy (129) c.2290-1960 local rulers c.1960-1763 s.Larsa (131)

(n.Suruppak )

17

3.118 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.118

c.2600-1950a.

3.119

c.2500-1950

3.120

c.2500-1650a.

Uroma (Tall Öuha) c.2600-2479 2479-2360 c.2350-2215 p.2340-21.. 21..-1950a.

Dyn. Eabzu (?Us) s.Lagas (117) s.Uruk III (114) local rulers

Khamazi t.: Ensi Ur (Mughagir) ct.Ur Dyn.: c.2500-23. 23. . 23..-2287 2287-2140 2148-2054 c.2054-2050 c.2050-1955 c.1955-1835 c.1835-16..

Ur I dep.c.2475 Lagas (117) Awan (281) Ur II s.Akkad (129) s.Guti (138) s.Uruk V (114) Ur III s.Isin (132) s.Larsa (131)

3.121

c.2400-2300

Adab (n.Bismaya) dep.Kis (113)

Akkad(129)

3.122

c.2350-832p.

Dèr (Deru,Diri/Badrah,SE) et.Yamut-bal dep.a.2300-2150 Akkad (129)

Assur(148)

a.1770-1698 Dyn.Kudur-mabuk 1698-1234 s.Babylon (160) 1235 destroyed by Elam (283) 3.123

c.2000-1690

Esnunna

Babylon(160)

dep.1970-1950 Ur III (120) 3.124

c.1890

3.125

a.1750

3.126

c.1750

3.127

c.1750

Marad (n.Kis) Diniktum Rapiqum Sutium

3.128-135 c.2450-838

Middle Mesopotamia / Mittel-Mesopotamia

3.128

c.2450-12..

Aksak (Tall Abi Öawani) c.2360-2148 s.Akkad (129) p.1300Upè (Ophis)

3.129

c.2350-2148

Akkad (Akkadu,Opis,Upi'i) s.2.111 ct. c.2300 Agade (n.Abü Habban)

18

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.145

3.130

c.2200-838

Anat (Hana'at/n.Hit) dep.: 1693 Babylon (160) c.1240 Assur I (148)

3.131

c.1960-16..

Larsa (Tall as-Sinkara) c.1770 occup.by Elam (283)

3.132

c.1955-1735/22 Iain

3.133

c.1860-a.1810

Kisurra

3.134

c.1800-17..

Sippar (Abü Habban)

3.135

c.1800

Tutub (Khafag/n.Babylon)

3.136-159

2500-612

Assur(148)

Babylon(160)

Babylon(160)

(Isan al-Bakhriyat)

Larsa(131)

Northern Mespotamia / Nord-Mesopotamien

3.136

p.2500-1980p.

Urkes (Hurri/Tall Amuda)

3.137

a.2350-1400

Subartu (Early Assyria) Assur(148) ct.Subartu (§ubat-enlil/E-Syria), Kalkhu dep.: 2347-2148 21..-2058 2050/25-1955 c.1955-1850 c.1850-1830? c.1749 c.1748-1400

3.138

c.2250-2054

Akkad Guti Ur III Isin Larsa Esnunna

(129) (138) (120) (132) (131) (123)

Dyn.Samsi-Adad dep.: 1697 Babylon (160) 1450-1437 Mitanni (145)

Guti (Gutaean kingdom in E-Mesopotamia) dep. 2245-2148

Akkad (129)

3.139-147 a.2025-808

H u r r i

Kingdoms (s.a.Media/Iran)

3.139

a.2025

Sasru(m)

3.140

a. 2025-c. 1990

Simanu(m)

3.141

a.2025-1970p.

Sinmuru(m)

3.142

a.2025-1748p.

Tukris (Urukis)

3.143

a.2025-c.1990

Drbilu(m) (Arba'ilu,Irbil)

3.144 3.145

a.2000 c.1700-1270

Nawar Mitanni (Maiteni) s.2.112 ct.Vassugani (Sikani) dep.: c.1360 Hatti (397) a.1330-71250 Assur (148)

C/r(120)

Kr(120)

19

3.146 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.146

c.1450-808

Khanigalbat (Haligalbat) Assur(148) (Bit Bakhiani/E-Mesopotamia) ct.Sikani (Ras al-Ain), Guzana (Tall Halaf) dep.: c.1450-1300 c.1300-12.. 12.. 893-808

3.147

a.1975

Mitanni Assur Hatti Assur

(145) (148) (397) (148)

Zabsali t.: Ensi

3.148-149 c.1400-612

Assur

Media(324)

3.148

c.1400-746

Old Kingdom / Altes Reich ct.: Assur,p.1228- Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta, a.8 60 Kalah(Nimrud) dep. 1400-1371 Mitanni (145)

3.149

746/45-612

New Kingdom / Neues Reich ct.: Assur,p.721 Dur-Sarrukin (Khorsabad), 694 Ninua (Niniveh/Kuyuncik)

3.150

10..-808

3.151

Izilla (Azulla,Zalla/Habus Region)

Assur(148)

9..-8..

Aqarbani (Naqarabani)

Assur(148)

3.152

9..-8..

Xipina

3.153

9..-8..

Kummunina

3.154

9..-8..

Nagiste

3.155

a.911-800p.

3.156

9..-8..

Sirku

3.157

9..-8..

Supru

3.158

9..-883

Suru (Bit Hadippè,Bit Halupe) ct.Suri, dep.885 Assur

Assur(148)

3.159

a.882-700p.

Bit Jakhiri (Jari,Jauri) ct.Magarisu Aram.dyn., dep.Assur

Assurl148)

20

Qumme (Ku-um-me/n.Tesub,Qumenu)

Assur(148)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.166

3.160-169 BC 1830-AD 637

B a b y l o n £ Southern Mespotamia / Süd-Mesopotamien

3.160-161

c.1830-129

Parthia(341) Babylon s.2.118 ct.Babili (Ka-Tingir,Sisku,Tintir)

3.160

c.1830-627

Old Kingdom / Altes Reich Dyn. : Amurru (Semites) c.1830-1530 t.: King of Sumer £ Akkad Kassu 1640/1530-1234 (Kassites, s.1640 in E-Mesop.) 1234-1228 s.Assur (148) 1228-1158 later kings / spatere Konige 1163-59 & 1158 occup.by Elam (283) 1157-1026/5 Isin (Pasi) occup.by 1125,1090-1081 Assur (148) 1047-1046 Aram (250) .1025-1004 Sesa (Kassi) .1003-984 Basu (Bazi) 984/3-978 s. Elam (283) c.878-627 3 local dyn.,dep.Assur (148-149) 729-722,710-703,689-669/8 s.Assur occup.694/3 by Elam (283)

3.161

3.162

3.163

V.926-539/129

c.1200-543

c.1200-c.580

New Kingdom / Neues Reich X.539-129 Alien rule / Fremdherrschaft : 539-331 s.Persia (331) 331-129 s.Makedon-Seleukid Empire (2.121)

Bìt-Ammukanì ct.§apia dep.: c.850-729 729-627 626-570 c.570-543

Babylon(161) Assur (148) s .Assur s.Babylon (161) later princes

Bit-Dakkuri Babylon(161) Aram.dyn. dep.: c.850-a.630 Assur (148-149) 626-580 Babylon (161)

3.164

a.850-625

Bit-Jakini (Dur Tall al-Lahm) Babylon(161) Chaldaean princes / Chaldäer-Fürsten dep. 850- ? Assur(148)

3.165

a.745-c.730

Bìt-Sa'alla (Sa'alii,Sàia) Aram.dyn.

Assur(149)

Madaktu (Kerbela) 653 center of Elam

Assur(149)

3.166

693/53-647

21

3.167 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.167

BC 140-637 AD

Persian Mesopotamia Caliphate(9.113) ct.Ktesiphon BC 140-227 AD Arsakid.dyn., s.Parthia (341) Roman invasions : AD 115-117, 166, XI.197 226-637 Sasanid dyn. (332) AD 35-42

Seleukia, independ.City State Parthia(341)

3.168

BC 127-293a.AD

Mesene Sasanids(332) (Characene/Maisan in S-Mesopotamia) ct.Charax(Antiocheia),Spasinu t.: Sarru (king) dep. Parthia (341) 224-226 Parthia (341) 226-260p. Sasanids (332) c.260-a.293 Sasanid subking

3.169

BC 94-AD 378

Adiabene (?Hidayab,Naxwardasiranga) dep. Parthia Sasanids(332) AD 136-226 s.Parthia (341) 260-378? Sasanid sub-kingdom

3.17-27

BC 3000-AD 636

PALESTINE, PHOENIKIA (LEBANON), SYRIA / Palästina, Phönizien (Libanon), Syrien BC 1468 : 330 princes against Thutmes III (Egypt)

3.17-21

c.3000-AD 635

P a l e s t i n e / P a l ä s t i n a (Hurru,Kanaan,Palaesaet, Retennu) c.3000-1000 Canaanite (Kinakhnu) City States / Stadtstaaten der Kanaaniter dep. 2300-2200,1950-1750, 1530/19-1416,a.1300-1200,1190-a.ll50 Egypt (2.212, 5.116-123)

3.171

3000/1850-1350

Jericho (Ariha/Tall as-Sultan) ct.Jericho , c.1580-1400 destroyed

3.172

2950/2650-600

Arad (NE-Negev) Edom(553) p.2900-2700 destroyed,a.1500-1200 reoccupied

3.173

2000/1750-1120p.

Hasor (Tall al-Qadah, Tall Waqqas/Galilaea)

3.174

18..-1000

Jerusalem (Yerusalayim) Israel(201) c.l380-1250p. Hatti domination (397) c.1200-a.1180 Hebrew occupation (202) a.1180-1100 Hurri rule c.1100-1000 Jebusite rule

3.175

a.1727-a.1040

Canaan(202) Bebron (Qiryat Arba/al-Khalîl) c.1380-12.. Hatti rule (397) c.1200-a.1180 Hebrew occupation (202)

22

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.192

3.176

c.1500-63

Akko (Ake,Akku,a.250 Ptolemais) dep.8..-701 Tyros (263) 701-6..,644-626 s.Assur (149) 606-539 S.Babylon (161) p.539-35Op. s.Tyros (263) 332-301 Makedon.Empire (2.121) 301-219, 202-198 s.Egypt (5.156) 219-202, 198-96 s.Syria (266) 96-63 civitas libera

Roma(21b)

3.177

c.1500-734

Gezer Assur(149) (Gazru/Khirber Rahid,Tall Sazhar) dep.a.1370-1224p. Egypt (5.122-123) occup.by : a.1200 by Hebrews (Canaan,202) c.980,967-c.950,924 Egypt (5.126) p.980-967,c.950-924,p.924-745 s.Israel (207,208)

3.178

c.1470-1350p.

Akhsaph (Tall Qaysan/n.Akko)

3.179

c.1470-13..

Aphek (Antipatris/Ras al-'Ayn)

3.180

c.1470-1200

Beeroth (S-Palestine) c.1250-1200 Hivite league

3.181

c.1470-a.920

Israel(207) Beth-Shean (Baysan,Skythopolis) c.1200-a.1010 Egypt domination (5.125-126) a.1010-1005 Philistine rule c.1004-924 s.Israel (207) 924-a.920 s.Egypt (5.126)

3.182

c.1470

Dothan

3.183

c.1470-a.1000

Megiddo (Tall al-Mutasalim/Galilaea) dep.1470-1150p. Egypt (5.122-124)

Israel(207)

Canaan(202)

Egypt (5.122) Canaan(202)

(Sharon plain)

3.184

c.1470-1200

Heron (Meron/Galilaea)

3.185

c.1470

Socoh

3.186

c.1380-1350p.

Sichem (Sekhem/Nablus)

3.187

a.1350-1004

Gath

Israel(207)

3.188

a.1350-1200

Lakhis (Judaea)

Canaan(202)

3.189

c.1470-1350p.

Pehel (Pella/Transjordan) t.: §arru

3.190

18../1470-1200 Simron (§amkuna,§imru/n.Haifa)

3.191

c.1350

Xurza (n.Gaza)

3.192

c.1350

Zu£ar (Zoar/Idumaea)

(Sokho/Khirbat §uwaykatar-Ra1s)

Canaan(202)

23

3.193 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.193 3.194

p.1350-1200 13..-a.920

Debir (Kiryat-sepher/Tall Bayt Mirsim) Ta'anek (Tall Ti 1 innik/Jezreel valley) c.1200-924 s.Israel (208) 924-a.920 s.Egypt (5.126)

Israel (208)

3.195

c.1250-1200

Cheph (i) rah Hivite league

Canaan(202)

3.196

c.1250-1200

Gibeon (al-Sib) center Hivite league

Canaan(202)

Canaan(202)

3.197

12. .-1200

Eglon

3.198

12..-112 0p.

Haroseth (Tall al-Amr/Galilaea)

Canaan (202)

3.199

12..-1200

Libnah

(Judaea)

Canaan(202)

3.200

12..-1200

Makeda

(Makkedda/Judaea)

Canaan(202)

3.201

12. .-a.920

Bit Rehob (Galilaea) c.1004-924 s.Israel (208) 924-a.920 s.Egypt (5.126)

3.202

c.1220-1005

3.203-204 c.1190-a.1060 a.1070-1004 3.203

3.204

24

C.11..-C.670

11..-30p.

(S-Palestine)

Israel (208)

Israel (2 08) Canaan (Palestina interior) Hebrew tribal organizations / Stammesorganisationen der Hebräer Relig.center (ark of covenant,tabernacle) in : c.1220-1050 Shiloh(Saylun) c.1050-10.. Nob/n.Jerusalem a.1005-998 Kiryat Jearim a.1070-1004 Philistine domination P h i l i s t i a Coastal Palestine / Küsten-Palästina Philist. Pentapolis : Asdudu (Asdod,Azotos) dep.c.980-95Op. Israel p.950-a.853 Egypt dep.a.853-785p. Juda 705-670 Assur

Assur(149) (207) (5.126) (209) (149)

Roma(215) Asgalan (Asqalon) dep.c.980-95Op. Israel (207) p.950-a.750 Egypt (5.126) 743-606 Assur (149) 604-538 s.Babylon (161) 538-35Op. s.Tyros (263) 332-320 s.Makedon.Empire (2.121) 320-198 s.Egypt (266) 198-104 s.Syria (266) 104-30p. civitas libera dep.63-3Op.Roma (215)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.211

3.205

3.206

3.207-210

11..-4

a.1070-669p.

1005-586

Khazati (Gaza) c.670-606 604-538 63-a.50 a.50-40 40-37 37/6-30 30-4

Roma (215) s.Assur (149) s.Babylon (161) s.Judaea (212) civitas libera, dep.Roma Judaea (212) S.Egypt (5.156) s.Judaea (212)

Egron (Akaron,Amqaruna/Kirbat al-Muqanna) dep.: c.720-701 Israel (208) Assur(149) 701-669p. Assur (149) I s r a e l

J u d a

3.207

c.1005-928

3.208

928-721

Israel ct.Sichern, 911 Tirza, c.880 Samaria dep.841-734 Assur (148)

3.209

928-586

Juda ct.Jerusalem occup.by : 920 Egypt (5.126) 785/4 Israel (208) dep.: 722-608 Assur (149) 609-605/4 Egypt (5.131) 602-587 Babylon (161) occup. 10.XII.597-596 by Babylon

3.210

732-142

Alien rule / Fremdherrschaft

(Greater)Israel ct.Hebron, 998 Jerusalem

Israel,Juda(208-209)

Assur(149) (§omron)

Babylon(161)

732-606 s.Assur(149), Assyr.provinces: Dor, Gal'ada (Gilead),Magidu(Megiddo),722/20 Samaria 606-538 s.Babylon(161)in Israel, s.586 in Juda ct.Mizpa 538-332 s.Persia (331),satrapy Abar Nahara) govern.centers : Jerusalem, Samerina (Samaria) occup.361-358 by Egypt (5.156) 332-301 s.Makedon.Empire (2.121) 301-198 s.Egypt (5.156) 198-142 s.Syria (266)

3.211-214

165-AD 70

Maccabeeans S Herodians / Makkabäer & Herodianer

3.211

165-37

Maccabean State / Staat der Makkabäer ct.152 Jerusalem t.: 142 Ethnarch, king s.126 in Idumaea (213) dep. 63-37 Roma (215)

25

3.212 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.212-214 BC 63-AD 70

Herodians / Herodianer (Ethnarchs S Kings) in:

3.212

Judaea Roma(215) ct.Jerusalem dep.Roma, BC 6-AD 41 Roman administration

BC 63-6/AD 70

3.212

BC p. 60-AD 70

Idumaea ct.Hebron

J?oma(215)

3.214

BC 47-AD 70

Galilaea & Peraea ct.Sepphoris,c.AD 26 Tiberias t.: Tetrarch, dep.Roma

.Roma (215)

3.215

BC 63-AD 635

Roman & Byzant.Palestine BC 63-AD 70 p.63-40

Caliphate(9.113)

s.210-211

Apollonia (Arsuf,Reseph) civitas libera, dep.Roma

Judaea(212)

AD 70-635 Roman 4 (395) Byzant.provinces : 70-135

Judaea ct.Jerusalem Syria Palaestina (a.395 incl.Negev) ct.Caesarea 267-272 s.Palmyra (276) Palestina (c.400:) I (Idumaea,Judaea,Peraea,Samaria) ct. Caesarea Palestina II (Galilaea) ct. Skythopolis (Bet-Shean) Palestina Salutaris (c.400: Palest.Ill) s.Arabia, occup. V.614-627 by Persia

p.135-358

358-635

c.400-635 358-635

3.22-27

BC 2500-AD 636

3.22-25

2500-AD 636

S y r i a

3.221-223

2500-1530

Eastern Syria / Östliches Syrien

3.221

c.2500-1530?

SYRIA £ PHOENIKIA (Lebanon) / SYRIEN & PHÖNIZIEN (Libanon)

/

S y r i e n

Mari (Tall Hariri) dep.: c.2400-2350 Ibla (224) c.2350-2150 Akkad (129)

Babylon(160)

c.1970-1735 Mesopotam. dyn.: Ur III, Isin (120,132) c.1730-16.. Subartu (141) occup.1698/95 by Babylon (160)

26

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.234

3.222

c.1800

Burundiern (Upper Mari)

3.223

c.1800

Elakhut

3.224-240

2500-539

NW-Syria :

N a h a r i n a

City States / Staatstaaten

3.224

2500/2400-1600

Ibla (Ebla/Tall Mardikh,n.Halab) occup.c.2330, c.2250 by Akkad (129) c.1600 destroyed by Hatti (397)

Hatti(397)

Hatti(397)

3.225

c.2500-a.1306

Meskene (Imar,Emar) dep.: p.1750-16.. Yamkhad (227) 16..-a.1530 Mari (221)

3.226

a.1950-1200

Ugarit (Ras §amra/Lattaqiya) dep.: c.1380-13.. Egypt (5.122-123) c.1350-1200 Hatti (397) c.1200 destruction by earthquake

3.227

c.1750-1330p.

Hatti(397) Yamkhad ct.Halpa (Beroia,Halman/Halab) c.1610 destruction , dep. a.1530-14.. Hatti

3.228

a.1735-605

Karkhemis Babylon(161) (Cerablus/Serabia,Kargamis) dep.: c.1580-1480 Hatti (397) c.1480-1360 Mitanni (145) c.1360-1200 Hatti (397) p.1200-717 later Hittite kings dep.: c.1108-870 Assur (149) 869-743 Urartu (363) 717-617 Assur (149) 610-605 Egypt (5.131)

3.229

17. .-1190

Mukis ct.Alalakh (Tall Athana/Halab) c.1350-1190 s.Hatti (397)

3.230

17. .

Zinzaz (Qala'at Sejar?/Orontes)

3.231

c.1550

Ursu

3.232

a.1460-800p.

Nuhaaae (La'as, Lukhuti) ct.Hazrak (Tall Afis?) p.1325-a.800 ..

3.233

a.900-855

Bìt-Adinì ct.Til Barsup (Tall Ahmar) dep.877 Assur (148)

Assur(148)

3.234

a.900-897

Gidara (Raqamatu)

Assur(148)

27

3.235 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

Assur(148)

3.235

a.900-895/866

Huzirina

3.236

a.876-852

T i l A b n i (?Abma) Arami rulers dep. 876 Assur (148)

j9ssur(148)

3.237

a. 870-740

Jahan (Bit Agusi) ct.Arpad(da)/Tall Rafad Arami rulers, dep.858 Assur(148)

Assur(149)

3.238

a.866-739/8

Hattina (Patina,Unqi) ct.Kunulua (Tall Ta'yinat) dep.866/858 Assur (148)

Assur(14 9)

3.239

c.860-539

3.240

a. 858

3.241-256

3.240

3.241

1730-AD 636

1730/1690-1352

17..-p.1325

(Sultantepe/n.Urfa)

(Yady) Sam'alu ct.Zincirli Hatti rulers Saru§i dep.858 Assur (148)

K o i 1 e (Coele)- S y r i a

(S-Syria,E-Lebanon)

Qatna (Qatanum/Misrifa n.Hims) dep. c.1530-1352 Hatti (397) Tunip (Tunpa,Tunanab n.Amurru)

3.242

c.1710-855

Zalmaqum (Carrhae,Harran n.Edessa)

3.243

a.1470-1220p.

Astaroth (Basan,Batanea,Og) ct.Astaroth

3.244

c.1470

Ederei

(Basan)

3.245

c.l470-1350p.

Kenath

(Qana,Qanu,Qen/Hauran)

3.246

c.1470-990/8. .

Kinza (Qades,Qizza/Tall Nabi Mant)

3.247

c.1450-13..

Khazi (Tall Hizzin/n.Baalbak)

3.248

c.1450-13. .

Tusulti

3.249

c. 1390-853

Anturru (Amorites) ct.Heshbon (Hisban/S-Baqaa) a.1285-1200 dep.Hatti (397) a.1190-1004 s.Canaan (202) 1004-853 dep.Israel (207-208)

28

Hatti (397)

Assur(148) Canaan(202)

(Litani plain)

Moab(552)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.261

3.250

C.1360-AD 39

Aram(u)

(Bit Khumri,Damascus,Zoba)

Roma(275)

local kings 1360-732 dep.: c.990-950 Israel (207) 796-a.770 Assur (148) a.770-c.750 Israel (208) 732-333 333-280 280-111 111-85 85-70 c.70-66

s.Assur,Babylon,Persia s.Hellen.Syria (266) s.Seleukid Syria (266) Seleukid branch in Aram s.Nabatane (573) Autonom.Damascus dep.Maccab. (211) 66/4-38 s.Roma (275) 38-31 s.Egypt (5.156) 31-AD 34 s.Roma (275) 34-39 s.Nabatane (572)

3.251

c.1350

Bezer

3.252

c.1350

Khasabu

3.253

c.1350

Kumidi

3.254

c.1350-733/2

Lebu (Labwa)

3.255

c.1000

Maachah (Öabal as-Saykh/Golan)

3.256

3.26-27

3.261

(n.Khazi) (?Apina/Kamid al-Loz/E-Lebanon) Assur(149)

c.990-720

Hammath (?Amurri,Amatu,Hama) dep.p.770-c.750 Israel (208)

BC 2800-AD 69

P h o e n i k i a / Phoenizien (Lebanon/Libanon)

a.2800-64

Byblos

(Öubayl,Öubla,Kepuna)

dep.: 1985-1955 p.1955-1926 1780-1700 1100-1075 1468-1200 6. .-606 606-538 538-332 332-281 p.274-64

Assur(149)

Roma(21b)

Ur III (120) t.: Ensi/Gov. Isin (132) Egypt (5.118) Assur (148) Egypt (2.212) Assur (149) Babylon (161) Persia (331) Makedon Empire/Diadochs Republic p. 100-64 Tyrannis

(2.121)

29

3.262 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA 3.262

a.1468-20

3.263

a.1468-AD 193

Tyros (D'ar,Surri,Zor) Roma(21b) (Legend.date of foundation: BC 1209) dep.: c.1500/1375-1200 Egypt (2.212) 1100-1075p, a.670-626p.Assur (149) 585-573/2 Babylon.siège 573/2-539 s.Babylon (161) 533-419 Persia (331) 410-386,p.385-380 Salamis/Cyprus 386-354 Persia (331) 354-344 independent 344-333 Persia (331) 332-312 Makedon.Empire (2.121) 312-125 Diadoch rule (266) 310-125 Autonomous city s.274 Republic dep.: 290-219,202-198 Egypt(5.156) 219-292,198-125 Syria (266) 125-64 Independent City 43-42 Tyrannis 64-20 civitas libera, dep.Roma BC 20-AD a.20 s.Roma (215) AD a.20-69/193 civitas libera, dep.Roma

3.264

a.1375-AD 551

Beruta Byzantium(14.211) (c.140: Laodikeia Berytos,48 Iulia Laodikeia/Beirut) dep.: 1375-1300p.,1290-1200 Egypt (5.122-123) p.l300-1290p. Hatti (397) 1200 destroyed 200-83 Syria (166) 83-69 Armenia (375) 81-44 Republic 69-64 Byblos (261) 64-44 Roma, 44-42 Roman admin. BC 29-15 civitas libera, dep.Roma 15-AD 124 autonom (colonia) AD 124-551 s.Koile Syria (275) 551 destruction by earthquake

30

Sidon (Siduna/Saïda) Roma(21b) a.1450-678 Early kings, t.: sarru dep.c.1450-13.. Ibla (224) c.880-701 Tyros (263) 701-677 Assur (149) 677-606 Assur.city Kâr-Assurhaddin (149) 606-538 s.Babylon (161) 538-390a.s.Persia (331) a. 390-250 later kings dep.a. 390-361 Persia (331) 361-358 Egypt (5.156) 358-332 Persia (331) 332-312 Makedon.Empire(2.121) 312-250 Syria (266) 250-198 Republic, dep.Egypt (5.156) 198-111 s.Syria (266) 111-20 Republic dep.111-64 Syria, 64-20 Roma

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.272

3.265

3.266

a.1350-48/37

Arados (Armad,Arwada/Ruàd) Roma(275) & Balanea dep.: 1350-1200 Egypt (5.123),destroyed 1100-1075p. Assur (148) 605-538 Babylon (161) 534-332 Persia (331) 332-259 Makedon.Empire & Diadochs Autonom.Republic 259-48 dep.Syria, 65 Roma 40-37 Balanea , autonom.

333-66/5

Hellenistic Period

Roma(275)

333-301

Makedon. Govern, in Koile-Syria, Naharina

319-202

Ptolemean Govern.in Palestine,S-Syria 312-301 all Syria (5.156)

301-66/65

Seleukid rule in Northern, s.198 in all Syria ct.Akko (Ptolemais) occup. 83-69 by Armenia (372)

3.267

a.219-130p.

Marathos (n.Arados,265)

3.268

136/2-AD 244

Osrhoene Roma(275) ct.Urha (Edessa) BC 136/2-AD 216/44 Dyn.Abgar dep.136-131 Syria (266) BC 63Roma (275) AD 50-? Adiabene (169) 91-100p. Armenia (372) occup.p.100-109,211,215,216-242 Roma (275)

3.269

BC a.104-c.100

Dora a.104-100 Tyrannis c.100-63 63-a.50 dep.Judaea (212) a.50-40 civitas libera , dep.Roma 40-37 s.Judaea (212) 37/6-30 s.Egypt (5.156) 30-4 s.Judaea (212)

Roma{215)

Roma(21b)

3.270

a.95-30p.

Tripolis Tyrannis, 63 civitas libera, dep.Roma

3.271

a.90-44p.

Lysias (n.Apamea) t.: Phylarchos

3.272

c.90-23

Hauran (Golan) & Abilene Ituraea(273) c.90-a.69, AD 34-39 s.Nabatane (573) BC a.69-23 local rulers

31

3.273 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.273

85-AD 100

Ituraea (Batanea) Roma(275) ct.Chalkis (Anjar), relig. Heliopolis (Baalbak) t.: Tetrarch, p. 66 King 39-31 s.Egypt (5.156) BC 23-AD 34, 37-44, 48-92 Herod.dyn. (212) AD 34-37, 44-48 s.Rom.Syria (275)

3.274

BC 69-AD 72

3.275

BC 65-AD 535p. Roman & Byzant. Provinces :

Emesa (Hims) ct.: Arethusa, BC 20 Emesa t.: Prince, p.66 King 29-20 Roman rule (275)

BC 64-194

AD 194-358p. AD 194-C.400 328-400 C.400C.400c.400-535p. c.400-535p. 5..

3.276

3.277

3.277-278

AD 129-280

c.195-238/42

490-636

3.277

c.490-636

3.278

490-636

32

Roma(275)

Byzantium(14.211) Syria, ct.Antiocheia BC 63-AD 38/194p. Antiochia civitas libera BC 38-31 S-Syria s.Egypt (5.156) Syria Coele et.Antiochia Syria Phoenice ct.Tyros,a.222 Emesa Augusta Libanenis Phoenice Libanensis ct.Tyros Phoenice Paralia ct.Emesa Syria salutaris (II) ct.Apamea Syria I ct. Antiocheia Theodorias (littoral region)

(Tadmor) Roma(215) 129-211 civitas libera, dep.Roma 211-250 s.Roma (275) c.250-280 local rulers, autonom.,dep.Roma s.267 independent

Palmyra

Karrhai (Carrhae) civitas libera, dep.Roma occup.238-242 by Sasanids (332)

Roma(275)

Arab Tribal Organisations in SW-Syria t.: Phylarchos, dep. Byzantium (10.771) Caliphate(9.113) fiaràgima

(Banù Salih/Mardaites)

Òassanids (Gafnis/Banù 'Azd) ct. (Sàbiya dep. 490-c.502 fiaràgima (277)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.28 8

3.28-39

IRAN £ TRANSCAUCAS IA / Iran & Transkaukasien

3.28-35 BC 2600-AD 641

I R A N

3.28

E 1 a m

2600-AD 327

(Haltamti/Khuzistân)

3.281 2600/2500-1980/50

Awan (Ansan) ct.Awan (Susa/Desful) 2600/2500-2320 Dyn.Peli dep.c.2467-2360 Lagas (117) c.2245-2150 s.Akkad (129) c.2150-2054 s.Guti (138) c.2050-2021 s.Ur III (120) 2021-2017 s.Simas (282) 2017-2... s.Ur III (120)

Susa(283)

3.282

Simas(ki) s.1830 Dyn.Ebarti (Eparti,Silhaha) t.: §ukkal (Grand Regent) dep.c.1890-1770 Larsa (131)

Susa(283)

3.283

2280/1980-1500

c.1850-644/39

Susa (§usan) Assur(149) ct. Susa, 693 Madaktu c.1850-14.. Dyn.Ebarti (Silhahah) t.: Sukkal (Gr.regent) dep.c.1790 Babylon (161) 14..-1330 s.Babylon (Kassi,161) c.1330-1100 Middle Kingdom in Susa, Ansan (Färs) Dyn.: c.1330-1210/05 Igechalkid (Pahir Issan) c.1205-1100 äutruk (Hallutus-insusinak) c.1100-955 955-755 755-639

3.284

655/3-651

3.285

651-649

3.286

644/39-187

3.287

3.288

C.162-AD 224

s.Babylon (171) Babylon, vasall kings in Susa Dyn.Hupan-nimena ct.693 Madaktu (Kerbela) dep. 692,682-663,653-649 Assur

Madakhe Dyn.Hupan-nimena, Hidali

(149)

Assur(149) dep.Assur(149)

(Behbehän)

Assur(149)

Alien rule / Fremdherrschaft in Elam 644/39-612 Assyr.prov.Susiane 612-595 s.Media (324) c.595-551 local princes, dep.Media c.550-330 s.Persia (331) 330-187 s.Makedon.-Seleukid.Emp. (2.322-323) Elymais (South Elam) ct.Seleukia/?Hedyphon,147-138 Susa

BC 139/32-AD 326/7 Susa (Arsakid rule)

33

3.291 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.29-32

BC 2230-129

3.291-294

2230-674

M e d i a

/

M e d i e n

(NW-Iran)

H u r r i

Kingdoms / Reiche der Hurri

3.291

a.2230-c.1990

Kimas

Ur (120)

3.292

a.2025-c.1990

Kharsi

Ur (120)

3.293

a.2025-c.1990

Kumurdi (Hu'urti/Zagros mountains)

Ur (120)

3.294

a.2025-674?

Karakhar (Kharkhar,716 Kär §arrukin,Karzital) dep. 835-717/6 Assur (149)

3.295

c.2000-1950p.

Marhasi (Barakhsi)

3.296

a.1800-c.700

Ellipi (Hip) dep. 715 Assur

3.297

p.1450-13..

Arrapkhe (Merkuk/Kirkuk) ct.Nuzu

3.298

c.1230-615

Mada'i (Madaya) ct.Sagbita c.1230-1115 dep.: c.1115-8.. c.875-715 715-615

Assur (14 9)

Media(324) legend.rulers Assur (148) Urartu (366) Assur (149)

3.299

c.1175-737

Bit I star (Bagistän/Zagros mts .)

3.300

c.1157-612

Hanbi (Bit Habban/n.Kirmansäh) dep.843 Assur (153)

3.301

9..-855/21

Idi (n.lake Urmiya)

3.302

9..-843

Namar (Namru)

3.303

9..-883p.

Zamua (Lullubi)

3.304

3.305

a.843-615/11

c.836/20-722p.

Manna (Mannaeana,Minni) ct.Izirtu (Zirta),? Toprakhab dep.: 790/771-737 Urartu (366) 737-720 Assur (149) c.720-716 Urartu (366) Parsua : 27-28 kinglets, dep.Assur ct.Bustu (Bustis) Abdadana

3.306 3.307

8..-715/4

Alabria

3.308

8..-714

Andia (NE-Manna) dep.802 Assur (148)

34

Assu.r(149)

Babylon(161)

Mediai 324)

Assur(149)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.329

3.309

a.820-p.744

3.310

8..-p.720

Bit Kap-si (Zagros mts.) dep.737-p.720 Assur

Assur(149)

3.311

8..-744

Bit Zatti et. Usari t.: Kaki (prince)

Assur(149)

3.312

8..-p.714

Bit Zualzas dep.737-714p. Assur (149)

Assur(149)

3.313

8. .

Gilzanu (W-Urmiya)

3.314

Arazias

(Saparda/n.Hamadan)

Gizilbunda 716/13

3.315

Karalla (SW-Manna) Kisesim

3.316 3.317

-714

Missi-Surikas (Messi/SW Manna)

3.318

-p.714

Bit Sakbat dep.714 Assur

3.319

Subi (n.Tabriz)

3.320

Surikas (n.Manna)

3.321

8 . .• •714

Uisdis

3.322

8 . .-•716/13

Drjakku dep.716 Assur (149)

3.323

7..-714

Zikirtu ct.Parda

3.324

c.727-549

Media / Medien Persia(331) ct.674 Hangmatana (Ekbatana/Hamadan) dep.: 715-671 Assur (149) 653-630/25 Scyth Empire (2.311) 585-550 Median Empire (2.119)

c.674/1

Kar-kassi (Bit Kari, Mada'i,Saparda)

3.326

a.671

Idaia

3.327

3.329

Assur(149)

(n.Maraga)

3.325

3.328

Assur(149)

Nakhsimarlan c. 671

Partakka

(Paraelacene,Paritakanu/n.Isfahan)

550-171/129 Persian rule 522-518 local rulers 171/147 s.Parthia (341) 130/29 Parthian occupation

35

3.331 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.33

BC 875-AD 641

3.331

c. 650-330

3.332

BC C.300-AD 641

P e r s i a / P e r a i e n (Fars,Parsa,Parsumas,Persis) a.875 immigration of 10 Pers.tribes Achaimenid Period et.Pasargadai (Persepolis)

Makedon. Empirei.2.121)

Fàrs Caliphate(9.113) ct.Isstakhr/n.Persepolis Dyn.: BC c.300-30 Bazrangui (Fratadara = Fire guardians) Priest kings, s.150 kings (sàhi), dep.Parthia 30-AD 20 s.Parthia (341) AD 20-200 Darjav, dep.Parthia (341) p.200-641 Sasan s.223/6 t.: Great King

3.34

BC 295-AD 273

Northern / Nòrdliches Iran

3.341

BC 295-AD 240

Parthia (A-man,Anxi) Sasanids(332) ct.: Antiocheia in Margiana (Marw), 238 Hangmata (Hamadan),142 Ktesiphon 295-280 Seleukid sub-kings 280-247 Seleukid satraps , rebell. BC 247-AD 227 Arsakid dyn. AD a.220-240 Sub-kings in Margiana

3.342

a.217-AD p.125 Hyrkania (Anxi,Gurgan) Parthia(341) ct.Hyrkana,Tambrax,a.120 Hekatompylos(Damgan,Hotu) 208-171 Seleukid rule (266) 171-AD 58 s.Parthia (341) AD 58-72 Independent Hyrkania

3.343-348 3.343 3.344

3.345

180-AD 273 BC 180- ?

AD a.220-240

a.22 0

G i 1 a n

Sasanids(332)

Amarda Abrenag dep. Parthia

(341)

Sasanids(332)

Delum dep. Parthia

(341)

3.346

a.220

Duxhbawand (Damawand) dep. Parthia (341)

3.347

a.220-260

Pataswargar Gilan(348) (Fthasouar,Padiskhwar,Parachoathras,Tapuristan) ct.Rast (Kyropolis) dep.Parthia (341), Sasanids (332)

3.348

c.260-273

Sasanid sub-king in Gilan

36

Sasanids(332)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.366

3.35

AD 58-383

S o u t h

I r a n /

Süd-Iran

3.351

58-a.l00

3.352

a.220-a.383

Kirman (Carmania) ct.§iragän, t.: Kirmansäh dep.Parthia (341), Sasanids (332)

Sasanids(332)

3.353

a.220-a.379

Sakastäna (Seistan/ SE-Iran) ct.Zarang dep.Parthia (341), Sasanids (332) c.262-293 Sasanid dyn.branch 293-309 Sasanid rule (332)

Sasanids(332)

3.354

a.220

Aria (Harev,Raia,Rea)

Spandurtan (?) dep.Parthia (341)

3.36-38 BC 1410-AD 693

T R A N S C A U C A S I A

3.361-378

ARMENIA / ARMENIEN (Hayastan)

1410-AD 693

3.361

a.1410-a.1200

Azzi-Khayasa (Haiasa/NW-Region) Tribal confeder., a.1200 disintegration

3.362

c.1274

Uruatri (N)

3.363

a.1250

Hemmuwa (W)

3.364

c.1244-a.858

Nairi Khubuskia(367) Confederation of (1115/4:) 23 kingdoms: Abaene Abarsiune Adaene Adurgine Albaie Andiabe

Daiene Dardare Hemua Kirine Kulibarzine Nazabia

Paitere Piladarne Sinibirne Sururia Tuale Tumme

Tunube Ugina Uiram Unzamune Uzula

dep.: p.1164-11.. Phrygia (407) 1114-860 Assur (148)

3.365

a.1200-6..

3.366

a.875-585

Etiuni (Etio) confed. (N-Region) ct.Mezamor

Urartu (Biainili) Media(32A) ct.: Arzakus(Arzuskun/Manzikart), 844 Turuspa, 685 Rusahinili (Toprakhale) 714/3 Assyr.invasion 653, 610/09-585 Scyth invasions

37

3.367 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.367

a.858-555

Khubuskia (Nairi/Hurri n.Lake Van, S) dep.858 Assur, a.810-736p./585 Urartu (366)

3.368

a.854-673

Supria (§ubria/Hurri n.Lake Van,W) occup.854 by Assur (149)

Assur(149)

3.369

a.810-714p.

Musasir (Ardine,temple city n.Urmiya) dep. Urartu (366) occup.714 by Assur

Assur(149)

3.370

a.785-735?

Irekua (Erikuahi) ct.Luhiuni (n.Tasburun/Colakert)

3.371

c. 730

Sargati

3.372

a. 658

Lubdi

3.373

653-189

3.374

BC 189-AD 387

3.375

BC 189-AD 387

38

Urartu(366)

Alien domination / Fremdherrschaft : 653-585 Scyths (Ispekai) 585-550 Media (324) 518-331 Persia (331) 518-4.. vasall kings, ct.Erebumi (Eriwan) 4..-331 Pers. satraps (prov.Armina) 331-200 Kings dep.: 331-301 Makedon.Empire (2.121) 301-190 Syria (266) 200-190 Governors, t.: strategos Arzarene Akilisene(311) (Sophene,Tsoplak,Armenia minor) 189-AD 66 Kingdom, Dyn.Orontes dep.: 165-162 Syria (266) 95-69 Gordyene (375) 69-63 Roma (Asia minor) 59/1-47 Galatiae (409) 47Kappadokia (415) AD 66-72 s.Gordyene (372) 72-395 Roman prov.Armenia minor, 107 Kappadokia et.Melitene, Mopsuestis,Sis, occup. 293-297 by Persia (332)

Gordyene (Armenia maior) Iran, Byzantium ct.: Eruantasat, Armavir, 166 Artasat, 90/86-66 Tigranocerta (Farkin,Martyropolis,Maiyafariqin), 163 Vagarsapat (Kainopolis/Eciamadzin), c.300 Dwin 189-AD 54 Dyn.I occup.165-162 by Syria (266) dep. 14?-AD 41? Parthia (341) occup. BC 66,34, AD 41-47 by Roma (5.332) AD 53-387 Dyn.II (Arsakids) occup. 58/9,114-117,163-164,185-? ,238-244 by Roma 72 Alan invasion 161-163,252-256,2 94-298/99,363-369 s.Parthia(341)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.380

3.376

AD 298-536

Armenia altera (Pentarchy) Armenia IV (377) Sovereign princes, dep. Roma/Byzantium : 298-535 Mec Cop'k1 (Sophene maior) 298-535 P'ok'r Cop'k' (Sophene minor) 298-535 Ingilene-Anzitene a.387-535 Asthianene (Hasteank) a.387-535 Balabitene (Balahovit)

3.377

387-612

Akilisene (Byzant.W-Armenia) Persarmenia(378) ct.Ekeleai s.536 Byzant.prov.( 14.211) : Armenia I et.Basèn(Iustinianopolis,Leontopolis) Armenia II ct.Sebasteia Armenia III et.Melitene Armenia IV ct. Martyropolis, Kitharizon

3.378

387-630

Persarmenia Caliphate(9.113) et.Dwin 387-428 Sasanid sub-kings 430-630 Pers.governors, t.: Marzpan 449-IV.451 in rebellion occup.623/4 by Byzantium (10.771)

3.379-385 BC 800-AD 624

3.379

3.380

GEORGIA / GEORGIEN

a.800-AD p.300 Xolchis (Qolx'a,Kuji,Qulhai) Lazika{385) ct.Kutaia/n.Kutaisi a.800 Dyn. Aietes (legend.) a.720 Kimmerian invasion a.675-550 Scyth domination (2.311) 5.. Immigration of Kaskhi (Kolchi), Mouskhai(Maeskhe),Tibareni (Iberi) 4..-330 Achaimenid (Pers.) domination (331) a.250-a.H3 Independent kingdom a.113 disintegration c.113-47 s.Pontos (504) BC 47-300p. Roman rule s. AD 63-72 Galatiae (409) s.72 Kappadokia (405) AD 252 Gothi invasion () AD a.l00-300p. Princes in Inner Kolchis, dep.Roma : Heniochi, Lazgi, Machaeloni AD 252 Gothi invasion

BC p.500-AD 523

Kartli (AD 400p.: Iberia ) ct.: Mtskheta, AD 450 Tbilisi t.: King, AD p.65-200p. Great King dep.: 390-330 Persia (331) 330-302 Makedon.Empire (2.322) AD c.350 Partition: Armazizikhe & Mtskheta AD 363-398, 484/5-490p. s.Persia (332)

39

3.381 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.381

AD c.31-122/140

Armazi (Harmozica/S-Iberia)

Iberia(380)

3.382

a.100-3..

Apsilia (Absilis,Aptisil,Apsilethia/W) dep.Roma (5.332)

3.383

a.100-624p.

Abasgia (Abkhazia, Absua?,364 Egrisi) division E & W dep.: Roma (5.332) 395 Byzantium (14.211), 546 christianized

3.384

a.100-3..

Sanneni (Sanigli/W)

3.385

p.300-561

Lazika (Lazen,Machelonia/W) Byzantium(14.211) ct.Archaiopolis (Tsikhe-Godji) 408-456 s.Iberia (382) dep.523-528 Byzantium (14.211)

3.386-389 BC 800-AD 642

AZARBAID^AN

3.386

Early Period / Frühe Periode

a.800-330

a.800-550p. Tribal organizations : a.800Albani 774-550p. Iskuza ( Scyth 6..-550p. Cadusii c.550-330

3.387

3.388

3.389

40

BC 320-AD 72

Pers. prov. Matiene

Atropatene Parthia{341) ct.Phraata (Atrah-rooch?/Maraga, Praaspa) 320-217/0 Seleukids (266) 217/0-, 20-50 s.Parthia (341) 50-72 Arsakid vassal kings 38 Roman invasion

BC 88-461/590 Agwania (Aghuwania,Ardän,Arran) et.Barda'a (Khabalaku,Parhu,Parthav) BC 88-24 s.Gordyene (375) 24-461 Arsakid dyn. 461-590 s.Persia (332) AD c.370-642

Albania (Ardän)

Caliphate(9.113)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.4 01

3.39-52

3.39-50

3.391-411

A S I A M I N O R £ C Y P R U S Kleinasien £ Zypern

BC 2500-AD 535

2500-AD 454

ASIA MINOR / KLEINASIEN

Central Anatolia / Zentral-Anatolien Byzantium(14.211)

3.391

c.2500-a.1100

Ma'ama (Nesa/Kültepe) t.: Ruba'um

3.392

a.2350-2100

Alaca Hüyük

3.393

c.2300-1750

Kanes (n.Kültepe)

3.394

a.2000

Salabiwara

3.395

a.2000

Zalpuwa

3.396

p.1800-1670

Kussara ct.c.1790 Nesa p.1800 Hatti (Hittites,397)

3.397

c.1670-a.1190

Hatti (2.114) ct. Hattusa (Böghazköy) t.: Bassus (Taparnas) c.1680/70-1455 Old Kingdom / Altes Reich c. 1455-1430 Middle Kingdom / Mittleres Reich c.1430-a.1190 New Kingdom / Neues Reich 1230/25-1190 invasions of Sea Peoples (?Achaeans)

3.398

a.1164-696/79

Phrygia (Muski) a.1164- ? Pentarchy (parallel 5 kings) occup.1114 by Assur (148) 1114-800p. Muski dep.882- Assur (148) p.800-696 Gordion Kingdom ct.Gordion (Yasi-Hüyuk) dep.714-679 Kimmerians (406)

3.399

a.836-p.737

Khupisna (Kybistra/n.Eregli) ct.Khupisna

Assur(149)

3.400

a.775-640p.

Tabal (Bit Burutas) dep. c.730, p.669-640p. Assur (149) 713-a.675 s.Assur

Assur(149)

3.401

c.738

Istunda

Hatti(397)

41

3.402 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.402-405 a.738-AD a.400

K a p p a d o k i a (Pers. Katpatuka)

3.402

Tukhama (Tuwanuwa,Tyana) Kappadokia(405) a.738-714 Local princes 714-190 Alien domination : 714-654 Kiimnerians 654-585 Scyths (Ispakai) 585-550 s.Media (324) p.550-334 s.Persia (331) 334-301 Makedon.Empire (2.322) 301-190 Diadoch rule : 301-281 Antigonos, ct.Celaenae 281-190 s.Syria (266), interr.: 240-226 Antiochos Hierax ct.Laodikeia 222-213 Achaios 190-AD 96 s.Kappadokia (405) p.98-212 Tyana civitas libera, dep.Roma

3.403

a.738-AD 212

BC 521-334

Daskyleion Kappadokia(405) Pers. Satraps, s.47 9 hereditary

3.404

521-AD 212

Mazaka (Kaisareia) Kappadokia(405) 521-371/334 Pers.Satraps 371-255 local princes ct. Gaziura, Mazaka dep.: 371-334 Persia (331) 334-301 Makedon Empire (2.322) 301-260 Syria (266) 255-AD 96 s.Kappadokia (405) p.96-212 Kaisareia civitas libera, dep.Roma

3.405

BC 329-AD 395

Kappadokia Byzantiumfl4.211) ct. Mazaka (BC 10: Kaisareia), Tyana 329-260 Makedon. S Diadoch prov. s.Mazaka (404) 278-241 immigration of 12 Celtic(Galatae)tribes 255-AD 17 Kingdom p.Ill Roman protectorate 17-38 Roman administration 38-72 s.Kommagene (450) 72-76 s.Syria (266) 76-107 s.Galatiae (409) 107-395 Roman prov.Kappadokia

3.406 3.407 3.408

42

BC c.738 c.738/713 c.713

Kasa Tunna (Atuna) âinukhtu (n.Tabal)

Tukhama(402)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.419

3.409

C.272-AD 454

Galatiae c.272-226

Byzantium(14.211) Galatai(Gallograeci) princes dep.: 272-240 Syria (266) 240-226 Antiochos Hierax 226-189/160 s.Pergamon (466) (except.189-183,168-166) 189-44/25 Galat.Tetrarchs : Tectosagi,Tolistobogii,Trocmeri dep.: 88-85 Pontos (504) 47-25 Roma (5.332) 44-25 Kingdom / (Klientel)-Königreich dep.Roma BC 25-AD 254 Roman prov. Galatiae (incl.Isauria, Lykaoniae, Pisidiae) ct.Ankyra 254-454 s.Pontos (504)

3.410

BC 189-39

Antiocheia (Pisidiae) civitas libera, dep.Roma (5.332)

3.411

BC 164-52p.

Pessinus (independ.temple center in Galatiae) t.: High Priest of Great Mother Galatiae{409)

3.412-43 BC 1600-AD 535

Galatiae(409)

Southern Region / Südliche Region ( Kilikia, Lykia, Pamphilia, Pisidia )

3.412-432 c.1600-AD 535p. K i l i k i a

Byzantium(14.211)

3.412

c. 1600-a.1190

Arzawa ct.Apäsas (Tarsus) dep.c.l600-p.1400 Hatti (397)

3.413

c.1520-1350

Kizzuwatna (Cataonia) et. Kummani (Romana)

3.414

a.1400-1230

Khaballa

3.415

a.1342- ?

Kuwalya dep.1342 Hatti (397)

3.416

12. . -

3.417

a.1190-612

Zippaslä (?Karia) Que (Coa,Hume) ct.Tarsos dep. c.1100-8.., c.715-612 c.700 Hilakku immigration

3.418

a.858-606

Khilakku (N-Region) dep.715-612 Assur (148-149)

3.419

c. 679

Kundu & Siasu

Que(417)

Hatti(397)

Arzawa(412)

Arzawa(412) Khilakku(418) Assur(148-149)

Pirindu (421)

43

3.420 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.420

606-545

Appunusa (W-Region) dep. a.550 Lydia (452)

Kilikia(422)

3.421

606-545

Pirindu (N-Region) dep. a.550 Lydia (452)

Kilikial422)

3.422

a.585-167

Kilikia a.585-400

Dyn.Syennesis ct.Tarsos, dep.545-400 Persia 400-350/333 Pers.satrapy Sealand (Meerlande) c.350-167 local princes dep.: c.350-333 Persia (331) 333-310 Makedon.Empire (2.322) 310-301 Egypt (5.156) 301-298 Pleistarchos 298-295 Demetrios Poliorketes 295-272/167 Syria (266)

3.423

272-101

West-Kilikia 272-253, 246-195 S.Egypt (5.156) 188-133 s.Pergamon (466)

3.424

167-AD 17

Kilikia Tracheia 167-67 Pirate bases 66-AD 17 local rulers,

3.425

101-AD 72

3.426

72/3-535p.

3.427

a.200-AD 66p.

3.428

190-AD 2Op.

44

Roma(5.332)

Roma(426) dep.Roma

Kilikia Pedias 101-83 Roman rule (5.332) 83-73? Armen.rule (375) 73-66 Roman rule (426) 66-31 local rulers, dep.Roma ct.Castabala (Hieropolis) 31-20 BC Roman administration 38-72 AD s.Kommagene (450)

.Roma (426)

Roman S Byzant.province Byzantium(14.211) ct.Tarsos (BC 42-AD 250p. civitas libera BC a.31-20 tyrannis) C.200 division : Kilikia I , ct.Tarsus Kilikia II, ct.Azarbarbos

Olba (Ura/S-Kilik.; Temple State

Roma (426)

Aigeai .Roma (426) civitas libera dep.s.188 Roma,66-47 s.Kilikia Tracheia (424)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.434

3.429

BC 68-AD 200p. Later Free Cities (civitas libera) dep.Roma

Roma(426)

BC 68-AD 161p. Mopsuestia p.30-AD 25Op. Seleukia (Kalykadnos/S) C.180-AD 25Op. Sebaste (Elaiussa) p.212-2..

Korykos

3.430-440

c.1380-AD p.535 L y k i a

S

Pamphilia

Byzantium(14.211)

3.430

c.1380-p.1310

Wilusa

3.431

a.1342-1190a.

Mira (Pamphilia, Pisidia) dep.1432 Hatti (397)

3.432

c.lOOO-AD 535p. Lykia (League of Termilai centers) dep.: c.560-548 546/40-480 a.480-375

Lydia (452) Persia (331) League of dynast.centers (head: Lykiarchos) dep.a.44 6-428 Attic League c.375-360 Tyrannis parts 360-333 s.Karia (483) a.360-43 AD League of City Republics* a.180: 23 (433-434) dep.: 333/4-309 Makedon.Empire (2.322) 309-306 Egypt (5.156) 306-294 Demetrios 295/4-197 Egypt (5.156) 196-188 Syria (266) 188-167 Rhodos (5.251) 167-AD 535p.Roman/Byzant.prov.: AD 43 Lykia-Pamphilia s.313p.Lykia

3.433

BC a.360-AD 43/73 *Lykian City Republics Antiphellos (Kac) Aperlai Apollonia Arykanda Bubon (s.493) Gagai Kyaneai Limyra (Finike) Myra (Demre)

3.434

Olympos & 4 others Patara Phaselis Phellos Pinara Rhodiapolis Sidyma Telmessos (Fethiye) Tlos

BC 188-AD 250p. *Tennessos (maior) civitas libera, dep.Roma BC 39-25 s.Galatiae (409)

i?oma(432)

45

3.435 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.435

c.1000-AD 535p.

Panphilia ( N S W Kilikia) Byzantiumi14.211) dep.333-312 Makedon.Empire (2.322) 312-301 s.Syria (266) 301-217 s.Egypt (5.156) 217-189 s.Syria (266) 188-167 Pergamon (466) 167-AD 43 Roma (5.332) AD 43-313p. Lycia-Pamphilia, ct.Side p.66 s.Galatiae (419) p.313-535p. Pamphilia

3.436-440

C.550-AD 42

Independent Cities in Pamphilia

3.436

C.550-AD 42

Side (Selimiya) 217-189 s.Syria (266) 188-AD 42 civitas libera, dep.Roma

£oma(435)

3.437

5..-133

Aspendos (Balkesu) dep. 470-450 Athenai (5.221) 217-189 s.Syria (266) 188-133 civitas libera, dep.Roma

Roma(435)

3.438

5..-C.100

Selge 188-159p, civitas libera, dep.Roma

3.439

a.350-167

Perge (MurtunagUrlu/Yurtpina) a.218-188 s.Syria (266) 188-167 s.Pergamon (466)

Roma(435)

3.440

c. 150-77

Attaleia (Antalya) c.79-77 Pirates rule

.Roma (435)

3.441-450

BC 2250-AD 72

Eastern Anatolia / Ost-Anatolien

AJcJcad(129)

3.441

a.2250

Mardamma

3.442

a. 1250-739

Alzi (Aise, Alziya/Hurri) dep.1220-1200 Hatti (397) 856-830 Assur (148)

Assur(149)

3.443

a.1250-1110

Isuwa (Isua) dep.c.1220-1200 Hatti

AsSur(148)

3.444

46

a.1250-600

(?Mardin)

(397)

Milidia Media(324) (Kammânu,Malatya,Maldia,Melid,Meliteia) dep.: p.1220-1200 Hatti (397) 1110-1074?,853-824p. Assur (148) a.796-743,p.727-714 Urartu (366) 743-p.727,714-712 Assur (149) 712-708 s.Qumukha (450) 708-695 dep.Assur (149) a.675-640p. s.Tabal (400)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.452

3.445

a.1250-

Pahhuwa dep.1220-1200 Hatti (397)

3.446

a.1250-1110

Zuhma (Suhmu)

Assur(148)

3.447

a.950-711

Gurgum ct.Mahasi(Maras) Luwian dyn.Bît Pa'alla dep. 880-830 Assur (148) 830-750 Urartu (366)

Assur(149)

3.448

9..-895

Nasipina (Nahraini/Nusaybin/Mardin)

Assur(148)

3.449

a.882-852

Bit Zamani ct.Ameda (Amid/Diyarbakir)

Assur(148)

3.450

a.866-AD 72

Quntukha (Kommagene) Roman Syria (274) ct.Melid dep.: c.866-830 Assur (148) 830-750 Urartu (366) 708-350/333 Alien rule: 708-607 Assur (149) 607-559 Media (324) 559-333 Persia (331) 350/333-AD 72 local dyn. et.Arsameia BC 17-AD 37 Roman administration

3.451-498 BC 1350-AD 250

Western / Westliche Region (Lydia, Mysia, Ionia, Karia )

3.451

êekha

3.452

c.l350-1250p. 797-80p.

Lydia (Luddu) et.Sardes 797-687 687-546 546-334 334-301 301-281 281-245 245-229/13 229/213-188 188-129

86-80p.

Sandonid dyn. Mermnad dyn. Pers.Satrapy (331) Makedon.Empire (2.322) Diadoch rule s.Syria (266) local rulers s.Syria (266) s.Pergamon (466)

Magnesia (Sipylos/Lydia) civitas libera

47

3.453 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.453-464 BC 2300-AD 200

M y s i a

3.453-460 BC 2300-AD 200

Region

3.453

p.2300-1230/25

Troia III-VII 1230/25 destroyed by Achaeans / von Achaern zerstòrt

3. 454

c.1250

Assuwa

3.455

9. .-241

(Troas & Subpropontis/Marmara Sea)

T r o a s

(Confederation , ? Achaeans)

Assos

(Apollonia/?Mahramia/Behramkoy) Pergamon{466) dep.: 560-546 Lydia (452) 546-479 Persia (331) 479-405 Athenai (5.221) 405-345/4 Independence (Oligarchy, a.350 Tyrannis) dep.: 345-334 Persia (331) 334-319 Makedon.Empire (2.322) 319-241 Diadoch rule

3.456

C.750-AD 200p. Ilion Roma(5.332) dep.: 560-546 Lydia (452) 546-479, a.400-334 Persia (331) 479-4.. 334-319 Makedonia (5.225) a.306-2.. Center of Ilian City League (incl.Adramythia,Gargara,Lampsakos) occup.278 by Celts dep.: a.261-221, 205/197-190 Syria (266) 221-205/197 ... 190-85 civitas libera, dep.Roma 85 destroyed by Roma 82-AD 200p. civitas immunis , dep.Roma

3.457

a.620-2..

Sigeion (Sigeum/Yeni§ehir) 620 destroyed / zerstòrt dep. 600-4.. Athenai (5.221)

3.458

c.490-188

Skepsis (Skapsis/Kursunlu Tepe) 300 Tyrannis

3.459

3.460

48

7306-AD 25

188-AD 20p.

Ilion(456)

Pergamon(466)

Alexandria Troas (Antigoneia)

Roma [5.332)

Dardanos civitas libera, dep.Roma a.l2 6-c.50 Roman admin.

Roma(b.332)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.4 65

3.461-464 BC 700-AD 25

Subpropontis

3.461

c.700-a.116

Abydos (Hellespont) dep.: 514-500,496-477 Persia (331) 477-412 Athenai (5.221) 411-p.394 Sparta (5.215) 334-301 Makedonia (5.223) occup.200-168 by Makedonia (5.223) 167-a.l26 civitas libera

3.462

C.680-AD 20p.

Khalkedon (Kadikoy) Roma(5.332) 494-4.. destroyed / zerstort 281-AD 2Op. civitas libera, dep.s.188 Roma occup.by : 7181-179 Makedonia (5.223) 88-86 Pontos (504)

3.463

679-AD 25

Kyzikos Roma(5.332) dep. 580-547 Lydia (452) 547-477 Persia (331) 477-412/387 Athenai (5.221) 412-387 Attic League 387-355 Persia (331) 355-3.. Athenai (5.221) 334-301 Makedonia (5.223) 301-281 Diadoch rule 281-218 s.Syria (266) 218-AD 21 civitas libera dep.129 Roma, 20-15 Roman admin. City Head: Hipparchos

3.464

a. 513-48p.

(City States)

Laitpsakos a.513-471

Roma(5.332)

Ilion(456)

Tyrannis dep.513-499/8 Persia dep.: 471-412/11 Athenai (5.221) 405-398 Sparta (5.215) 398-362 Persia (331) 362-355 independent 355-340 dep.Athenai (5.221) 334-302 s.Makedonia (5.223) 301-48p. civitas libera dep.197-48 Roma

3.465

a. 512-12p.

Parion (Kemer) a.512 Tyrannis 478-410p. dep. Attic League 301-12p. civitas libera dep.Roma occup.74,68 by Pontos

(331)

Romai.5.332)

(504)

49

3.466 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.466

.

283/80-20p.

3.467-481

12..-AD 250

3.467

12..-85

Pergamon (Bergama/Mysia) Roma(5.332) dep.283/80-262 Syria (266) 262-230 Galatiae (409) 239-133/129 Kingdom 133 Republic 129-88 civitas libera (foederata) (City Head: Prytanis) 88-80 s.Pontos (504) 80-48 s.Roma (5.332) 48/46-20p. civitas libera, dep.Roma

Aegaean (Ionian ) City States a.700-490 *Members of Ionian Amphiktyony

*Kolophon

Roma(5.332)

dep.: c.650-546 Lydia (452) 546-477 Persia (331) 477-430 Attic League (5.221) 430-400 Persia (331) 299-2.. depopulated / entvölkert 239-222 s.Pergamon (466) 222-218 Achaeus (414) 218-190 s.Pergamon (466) 190-188 Roman rule 188-85 civitas libera (City head t.: Prytanis) dep. Roma occup.130/129 by Pergamon (466) dep.88-86 by Pontos (504)

3.468

a.1100-AD lOOp. *Ephesos

Roma (5.332)

dep. 9..Athenai (5.221) c.560-546 Lydia (452) p.546-400, 387/6-334 Persia (331) 334-301 Makedonia (5.223) 301-291 Diadoch rule 291-281 Egypt (5.156) 281-262 Syria (266) 262-259 Egypt (5.156) 259-246 Syria (266) 243-197 Egypt (5.156) 197 occup. by Syria (266) 197-188 Roma (5.332) 188-150 s.Pergamon (466) C.150-AD lOOp. civitas libera , dep.Roma (City head t.: Prytanis) occup. a.90-86 by Pontos (504)

50

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.472

3.469

c.1120-a.126

? - 6.. Aeolian kings 6..-513 Oligarchy 520Tyrannis dep.: 478-412 Athenai 411Sparta a.387-382 Persia 382-a.l26 civitas libera dep.: 218-190 190-188

3.470

c.1100-a.78

Roma{5.332)

Kyme

(5.221) (5.215) (331) Pergamon (466) Syria (266)

*Miletos II (Balat,Palation)

Roma(5.332)

10.. Ionian occup.? 657 destroyed by Kimmerians 6..-494 Tyrannis dep. 560-546 Lydia, 546-500 Persia 494 destroyed by Persians, 479 refounded p.479-454,451-412 Attic League (5.221) Sparta (5.215) dep.: 405-404 404/00-334 Persia (331) 334-301 Makedonia (5.223) 301-294 Demetrios 294-289 Egypt (5.156) 289-281 Lysimachos 281-272 Syria (266) 272-259 Egypt (5.156) 258-246p. Syria (266) p.246-201 Egypt (5.156) 201-200 Makedonia (5.223) 197-193 s.Syria (266) 193-a.78 civitas libera, dep.Roma (City head: arch-prytanis) 3.471

3.472

a.1000-85

a.800-20p.

*Smyrna (Izmir) Roma (5.332) 688 Ionian city, 575 destroyed by Lydia dep.: c.560-546 Lydia (452) 546-500 Persia (331) 494 destroyed by Persians,rebuild p.320 320-281 Diadochs (Antigonos,Lysimachos) 281-85 civitas libera (City head: prytanis) dep.218-193 Pergamon(466),190-85 Roma *Phokaia (Fo?a)

Roma(5.332)

dep.: p.513-334 Persia (331) 334-301 Makedonia (5.223) a.226-193 Pergamon (466) 193-190 Syria (266) 190 Roman occup. a.188-129, 49-20p. civitas libera , dep.Roma 129-49 Roman admin.

51

3.473 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.473

a.678-84?

3.474

633-188

*Lebedos (Ptolemais) dep. 246-197 Egypt (5.156)

3.475

5..-a.78

*Klazomenai -412 Athenai (5.221) dep. : 4. .(331) 382--334 Persia 334--301 Makedonia (5.223) (5.156) 301--295 Egypt 295--281 Lysimachos (5.156) 281--203 Egypt 203--190 Syria (266) 190--188 Pergamon (466) 188-a.78 civitas libera, dep.Roma

3.476

a.300-784

*Priene (n.Miletos) Roma(5.332) 640 destroyed, 350 rebuild, 301 tyrannis dep.: 334-301 Makedonia (5.223) 297-272 Syria (266) 272-258 Egypt (5.156) 258-246p. Syria (266) 246-202 Egypt (5.156) 202-197 Makedonia (5.223) 196-189 Syria (266) 188-84? civitas libera , dep.Roma

Pergamon(466)

Roma {5.332)

Erythrai dep.190 Pergamon (466) Notion 218-206p. s.Pergamon (466)

3.477

218-188p.

3.478

a.205-188/784

Teos dep.218-204/3 Pergamon (466) 204/3-190 Syria (266) occup.190 by Roma

.Roma (5.332 )

3.479

a.2 00-AD 14p.

Bargylia civitas libera, dep.Roma occup.200-190 by Makedonia (5.223) dep.190-AD 14p. Roma

Roma(5.332)

3.480

a. 196-AD 14p.

Knidos civitas libera dep.s.190 Roma a.126-88, 85-48 Roman admin, dep.88-85 Pontos (504)

3.481

a.105-AD c.250 Aphrodisias civitas libera, dep.Roma 70/74-8Op. Roman admin.

52

J?oma(5.332)

Roma(5.332)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.489

3.482-492

a.657-AD 138p. K a r i a

/

3.482

a.657-AD 23p.

Magnesia (n.Soke/Aydin) Roma(5.332) 657 destroyed by Kimmerians dep.:546/30-400 Persia (331) 464-c.460 fief of Themistokles 400/399-3.. Attic League (5.221) 3..-334 s.Persia (331) 334-301 s.Makedonia (5.223) 301-196 s.Halikarnassos (483) 196-190 occup. by Syria (266) 188 -AD 23p. civitas libera, dep.Roma

3.483

a.52 0-80p.

Halikarnassos a.520-320 320-301 301-295 295-281 281-203 203-196 196-80p.

K a r i e n

(Karqa)

Roma(5.332) Kingdom dep.520-374 Persia (331) s.Makedon.Empire (2.322) s.Egypt (5.156) Lysimachos s.Egypt (5.156) s.Syria (266) civitas libera dep.s.190 Roma, 88-86 Pontos(504)

3.484

a.500-190

*Myus Magnesia(482) dep. Persia(331) 454-460 fief of Themistokles 289/229-201 s.Miletos (470) 201-190 occup. by Makedonia (5.223)

3.485

p.450-784

Iasos (n.Miletos) Roma(5.332) 421-4.. s.Persia (331), destroyed/zerstort 394 rebuild a.220-84? civitas libera occup.by : 201-196 Makedonia (5.223) 190-188 Syria (266)

3.486-492

274-258/129

League of Chrysaorian Cities dep.: 2..-203 Egypt (5.156) 203-189 Syria (266) 189-167 Rhodos (5.251) 167-129 Pergamon (466)

Roma(5.332)

3.486

274-AD 2Op.

Alabanda (200-190: Antiocheia) Roma(5.332) a.200-190, s.189 civitas libera, dep.Roma a.190-189 dep.Syria (266)

3.487

274-258

Alinda

3.488

274-258

Keramos

3.489

274-AD 138p. Mylasa dep.190 Pergamon (466) 167/31 civitas libera BC 40 Parth.invasion

Roma(5.332) dep.Roma

53

3.490 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.490

274-AD 80p.

Stratonikeia Roma(5.332) occup.88-86 Pontos (504), dep. s.86 Roma civitas libera (except 70/74-80p.)

3.491

274-258

Tarniani

3.492

274-258

Thera

3.493-496

a.229-84

K a b a 1

Tetrapolis :

Roma{5.332)

3.493

a.229-84

Balbura

3.494

a.229-84

Bubon

3.495

a.229-84/1

Kibyra

3.496

a.229-84

Oinoanda

3.497

a.196-AD 72

Civitates liberae

a.196-AD 70/4

Kaunas Roma(5.332) 188-177 s.Lykia (436), 80-51/50, AD 20p.-70/4 s.Rhodos (5.251)

196-129/30p. Myndos dep.Roma, 42-30p. s.Rhodos (5.251)

Roma(5.332)

190-30

Roma(5.332)

Herakleia (Latmos) dep.Roma

3.498-508 BC 1800-AD 260

Northern Regions / Nördliche Regionen (Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Pontos )

3.498

p.1800-6

Paphlagonia p.1800-16.. 16..-1200 1200a.400-6 dep.

3.499

a.1100-742p.

Daialu (Da. :ne, Diauekhi, Tao/n.Erzerum) Urartu (366) a.1100-860 Nairi confederation (364) dep. 895-860 Assur (148) p.860-845 Urartu (366) (148) 845,800 Assur

54

Galatiae(409) Palä s.Hatti (397) s.Phrygia (398) Paphlagonia , ct.189 Gangra a.370-334 Persia (331) 334-301 Makedon.Empire s.322 prov.Paphlagonia 301-281 Diadoch rule 281-190 Syria (266) c.190-103 local rulers 103-63 s.Pontos (504)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.504

3.500

c.714-47

Sinope 714-653 631-550 550-478 450-404 XII.183-70 70-47 47

Roma[5.332) Kimmerian center Milet colony dep. Persia (331) Attic domination (5.221) s.Pontos (504) civitas libera occup. by Pontos (504)

3.501

562-AD 260p. Amisos (n.Samsun) Roma(5.332) dep.: c.540-479p.Persia (331) 450 Athenai (5.221) 386-334 Persia (331) 334-301 Makedonia (5.223) 2..-71 s.Pontos (504) civitas libera, dep.Roma 71-48 48-47 occup. by Pontos (504) 47-39 Roman administration 39-31 Tyrannis (Strabo), dep.Roma 31-AD 260p. civitas libera, dep.Roma

3.502

558-39p.

3.503

C.435-AD 279

3.504

301-63/AD 64

Herakleia (Pontica/Erigli) Roma(5.332) dep.: 558-550 Megara (5.211) p.550-478 Persia (331) 364-289 Tyrannis (Dyn.Klearchos) dep.: 3.. Athenai (5.221) -334 Persia 334-301 Makedonia (5.223) 289-281 Lysimachos 281-39 civitas libera occup.73-71 by Pontos (504) 71 destroyed 39local tyrant (Adiatorix)

Bithynia ct.: Nikaia(Iznik),264 Nikomedeia (Izmit) c.435-334 Pers.satraps 334-328/7 s.Makedon.Empire (2.322) 328/7-88 independ., 298/7 kingdom 88-85/4 s.Pontos (504) BC 74-AD 279 Roman prov. Bithynia-Pontus

Pontos Bithynia{503) ct.: Amaseia (Amasya), Amisos, 182-70 Sinope 88-85 Pergamon (466) 63-40 s.Galatiae (Tectosagi,409) 39-AD 64 reduced kingdom, dep.Roma (Amisos,Amathia,Pharzenon?)

(5.332)

55

3.505 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.505-506

Temple States in Pontos Region

3.505

Ameria (Men Pharnakou cult,n.Kabeira)

3.506

3.507 3.508

3.51-52

BC 36-AD 34

BC a.20-3/2 BC AD

64-

BC 1500-AD 535

3.511

c.1500-1200

3.512

71500-1200

Komana (Enyo-Ma cult)

Karana (Sebastopolis/NE-Region)

Pontos(504)

Galatiae(409)

Trapezus civitas libera

CYPRUS / ZYPERN (Alasia, Kypros, Silna, Spatheia, Yadanana) occup.c.1650 by Hyksos (Egypt)

Alasia (Alasa,Asy) dep.: a.1450-13.. Egypt () 13..-1230c. Hatti (397) a.1230 Arzawa invasion c.1200 Sea People invasion (?Achaeans) Enkomi

(n.Salamis)

3.513

c.1200-306

Salamis (?Sillua/East Region) dep.: 709-669 Assur (149) 560-535 Egypt (5.156) 535-470 Persia (331) (interrupt. 4 99/8-498/7,478/77) 470-449 Athenai (5.221) 449-399,380-351/44 Persia (331) 332-323 s.Hakedon.Empire (2.322) 321/14-306 s.Egypt

3.514

c.1200-310

Soli (Sillu/N-Region) dep.Salamis (513)

3.515

a.673-330

Kurion (Curium, Kitrusi, Kurri,Chitry, Kythrea) dep. Salamis (513)

3.516

a.673

Lidir

3.517 3.518

56

(Ledrae/Nikosia)

Nure (?Andhos ) a.673-312

Paphos

(Kouklia,Pappa/S-Region)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.526

3.519-521

3.519

673-312

a.673-450

Phoenician Cities / Phönizische Städte

Idalion (Dali, Edi1 al/Central Region) Kition(520)

3.520

a.673-312

Kition (?Kartihadast = New City/Larnaka,S-Region) dep.: 4..-449 Athenai (5.221) 449-315 Salamis (513) 315-314 Makedon.Empire (2.322) 314-312 Egypt (5.156)

3.521

a.673-332

Tamassos (Tamisu/Central Region) dep.: 673-350a. a.350-332 Kition (520)

Salamis(513)

3.522

a.450-312

Marion (Arsinoë/NW Region) dep. 4..-449 Athenai (5.221) 449-315 Salamis (513) 315-314 Antigonos 314-312 Egypt (5.156)

Salamis(513)

3.523

c.350-314

Amathos dep.c.350 Marion (522)

3.524

a.350-313/2

Lapethos dep.Marion (522)

Salamis(513)

3.525

a.350-312

Kerynia

Salamis(513)

3.526

BC 306-AD 535

(Kirenia/N-Region)

Hellenistic & Roman Cyprus 306-294 Diadoch rule (Demetrios,Antigonos) 294-152 Egypt administration (5.156) 152-58/30 Egypt.sub-kings 129-106/5, 88-80 Egypt.administration 58-47 Roman administration BC 30-331 Roman prov. (BC 30-.. s.Kilikia,422) 331-535 Part of Dioecesis Orientis

57

3.531 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.53-59

3.53-54

3.531

A R A B I A

BC 1800-AD 630

c.1800-AD 632

/

A R A B I E N

E a s t 4 C e n t r a l A r a b i a / Ost- & Zentral-Arabien (Gulf Region,Nagd,Uman) Dilntun (al-Ahsa, Bahrayn)

Caliphate (9.113)

7..-690 a.690-600

Awal (Bahrayn), dep.Assur (149) s.Bazu (537) occup.650 by Assur (149) 600-AD 22Op. s.Mesopotamia () ? 227-250 Satirun c.250-632 Pers.prov.Mazrun ct.§irin (Darin) 524-530p. s.Kinda (544)

3.533

BC a.520- ?

Gerrha (Chaldaeans)

3.534

BC c.330-3..

Tylos

3.535

BC C.100-AD 241

Hatra destroyed by Sasanids (332)

3.536

AD c.195-628/31

al-Hira Dyn.Lakhmi (5.332) dep. 300-3.. Roma occup.524-528 by Kinda (544)

3.537

BC 7..- ?

Bazu dep.Assur (149)

3.538

a.676-5..

3.539

5..-

Adirauttu

3.540

5..

Hibra (Khaybar)

3.541 3.542

3.543

58

5.. a.536-AD 630

AD a.100-500

Yadihu (Yadi al-Hawait?/n.Bazu)

Padakku (Fadak) Oman 5..-536 ?Kupin (Gubin) Arab tribe Bayda al-Ariba 536-4.. Pers.prov. ct.Dastajirdu (Suhar) 4..-388 380-150p. Banu Qahtam p.150-AD 250 s.Parthia (341) c.150-240 Banu Azd ct.Nizwa a.241-630 Pers.prov. ct.Dastajirdu (Suhar) Ma'add (Tribal confederation, warrior nobility)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.563

3.544

3.55-57

AD c.300-529/40

BC 1468-AD 520

Kinda (Yamama/Nagd) occup.32? by Tanükh-Arabs 529-540 disintegration

North West & West Arabia Nordwest & West-Arabien

al-Hira(536)

(Higäz) / (Hedjas)

3.551

a.1468-

Edxel

3.552

a.1220-581

Moab Babylon(161) ct.Dibron, Kir-Hareseth (Karak) dep.: c.1100-1004 Hebrews (202) 1004-a.877 Israel (207-208) p.843-796 Aram (Damascus,250) 690-6.. Assur (149)

3.553

a.1220-581

Edom ct.10. dep. :

3.554

c.1005-23p.

Babylon(161) Awith 990-928, 815-796 805 p.785-738 738/5675-581

-a.851 Israel (207) Aram (Damascus,250) Assur (148) Juda (209) Assur (149) s.Nabatane (572)

Aranon (Bit Ammäna) ct.Rabat Ammon (Amman, Philadelphia) dep.: 990-928 Israel (207) 815-796 Aram (Damascus,250) (149) 7..-6.. Assur 581-55. s.Babylon (161)

3.555

a.740-

Baiana

3.556

a.740-

Hatti

3.557

a.740-

Mas'a

3.558

a.740-550

Tayma

3.559

C.738-AD 520

Qedar c.738-644

Babylon(161)

Qedar Assur(149) ct.Adumattu (Dumat al-äandal/al-Guf) dep.701-644 Assur (149) 689-AD 520 Lesser Qedarit dynasts

3.560

a.720

Haiapa'a (Ephah)

3.561

a. 720

Ibadidi

3.562

a.720

Maraimanu

3.563

a.720

Tamudh

59

3.564 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.564

a.676

Bailu

3.565

a.676

Buda

3.566

a.676

Ga'pani

3.567

a.676

Haldili

3.568

a.676

Ikhilu

3.569

a.676

Mugal'ani

3.570

a.676

Qadaba

3.571

c.700-5..

Dedan

3.572

BC c.675-AD 529

(Dadanu/al-'Ula)

Nabatane ct.Sela (Petra) dep.675-a.606 Assur (149) 6..-169? Theocracy (priest-rulers) BC 312 Syrian (Seleukid)invasion (266) BC 169-AD 22.III.106 Dyn.Aretas dep. BC 63-106 Roma (5.332) AD 106-429 358-400 400-429 4..-529

3.573

3.574

BC 669-645p.

182-175

Nabaiatu (Nabayatae, Nebaioth) dep.645 Babylon (161) Tyros (Arak a-Amir/n.Hesbon)

3.575-579 BC 7..-AD 625

H i g a z

3.575

Iatriim

3.576 3.577

3.578 3.579

60

BC 7..-AD 625 a.676/668BC C.260-AD 360

BC c.218- ? BC 74-AD 5..

Roman prov.: Nabatae Arabia Petraea Palaestina Salutaris Palaestina III ct.Petra, post.Bostra Kinda supremacy (544)

(Yatrib/Madina)

Ilpiatu , tribal organization in N-Higaz Lihyan ct.al-Higr (Hegra) 120/85-25 s.Nabatane

(573)

Abay Macoraba

(Bakkah/Makka)

Syria(266)

ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA - 3.591

3.58-59 BC 1722-AD 630

Southern Arabia / Südliches Arabien (Asir,Hadramawt,Yaman)

3.581

Ma'in Saba(592) ct.Ma'in (Qarna, Qarnawu as-Suda) c.1272-718 Minaean kingdom I, s.765 incl.Asir 718-420 dep.Saba (582) 420-120 Minaean kingdom II occup.c.300 by Qataban (589) 125-120 dep.Qataban

c.1272-120

3.582-587 C.1197-AD 270

3.582

3.583 3.584

C.1197-AD 250

AD c.75-250 c.80-a.160

Saba & Successor States / Nachfolgestaaten

Saba Himyar(59A) ct.: Sirwah(Khariba),717 Mar'ib (Mariabu,Maryab) c.1197-755 early rulers c.755-525 theocracy (priest kings,t.: Mukkarib) C.525-AD 100 kings (t.: Malik) occup. BC 116, AD 100 by Himyar (594) BC 25/24 Roman invasion (5.332) Gurat Na'it Banü Hamdan, Banü Rasid

3.585

a.100-270

Sana'i

3.586

c.100-190

Hazi

3.587

c.115-200

Mar'ib Banü Hamdan

3.588

BC c.1137-AD 1..

3.589

BC 6..-AD 520

3.590

BC 5..-AD 130p.Qataban (Gaebaitae,Qibban) Timma (Bayhan)

3.591

a.500-630?

Mar'ib(S81)

Hadramawt Himyar{594) ct.Arma, Qarna, c.170 Sabota (Sabwat) c.1137-1020 Phase I (Hazarmaveth) c.1020-300 Phase II, dep.7..-3.. Saba (582) c.300-100 s.Qataban (590) C.170-AD 3.. Phase III

Negra (Nagara/Nagrân) ct.Ragmat (Ra'ma) BC 25/4 Roman invasion Hadramawt(588)

al-Ma'afir (Ta'izzia) et.öabra Dyn. 'Abd al-Karanda

61

3.592 - ANTIQUITY / WEST ASIA

3.592

BC 4..-AD 50p. Ausan ct.Miswar (Hagar an-Nab)

3.593

BC c.450

Haram

3.594

BC C.120-AD 628

Himyar (Saba & Dhu Raydhan) ct.: AD 20a. Zafär (Sephar/n.Yarim),c.350 San'a t.: Tubba (king) BC C.120-AD 450p. Phase I Saba (582) dep.: AD c.18 0a.300-350p.Aksum (Ethiopia) AD p.450-543 disintegration 480-543 Ethiopian rule 543-601/28 Phase II 575-628 Pers.rule in coastal regions

62

ANTIQUITY / EAST ASIA - 3.622

3.6-8

E A S T

A S I A

/

O S T A S I E N

3.61-77

BC 2000-AD 581

CHINA BC 1766-AD 191 s.Empire (2.131-132) (t.: Gong = duke, Hou = marchess, Jun = prince, Wang = king)

3.61-68

a.2000-AD 581

Northern Regions / Nord-Regionen a.2000 City States (Longshan civilisation: more than 10 at Dinggong and elsewhere)

3.611-630

a.1160-AD 581

S h a a n x i

3.611

a.1600-1035

Tang (S-Shanxi) ct.Tang, Dyn.Yiqi, t.: Tao Tang dep.China (Shang 2.131)

3.612

a.1500

Huo (Central Shanxi) ct.Huo, dep. China (Shang,2.131)

3.613

a. 1500-1350p.

Li (Ji,Lier/Lucheng) ct. Liting (?), t.: Hou dep.China (Shang,2.131)

3.614

a.1500

Wei (SW-Shanxi) dep. China (Shang, 2.131)

3.615

a.1500

Zhih

&

S h a n x i

dep. China (Shang, 2.131) 3.616

a.1350-1327

3.617

1327-1122

Bin(zhou),

Dyn.Zhou

Fengxiang,

Dyn.Zhou

Fengxiang(617) Zhou(618)

3.618

c.1122-256

Zhou (2.131) ct.: Qi,p.1118 Cheng,1066 Feng, 1065 Hao (n.Xian/Shaanxi)

Qin(62 0)

3. 619

c.1122-770

Xi(guo) (Baoji)

Bei(632)

3.620

821-206

Qin ct.: Guxi, Quangqi, p.715 Pingyang, 677 Yongcheng/n.Xi'an,414 Jingyang, 383 Liyang,350 Xianyang, t.: Gong,327 Wang,256 Huangdi (Emperor/Kaiser)

3.621

403-230/02

Ban ct. Hangeheng, post.Xincheng t.: Hou, p.332 Wang 230-206 s.Qin (620)

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.622

209-206

Zhe (Di/Shaanxi) ct.Banu (Lizhou/Yan'an)

Imp.Han(2.132)

63

3.623 - ANTIQUITY / EAST ASIA

3.623

206-114/65

Tai (Shanxi) 201 Dyn.Liu (Han), dep.Imp.Han t.: Wang, 195-178 Hou

3.624

178-175

Taiyuan

3.625

AD 50-111

3.626

AD a.140

Huaiyang(647)

Xihe (Shanxi) Han protect. Anping

3.627

187/88-318/30

Bei Han (s.308: Qian Zhao/Xiongnu) Toba(628) ct.: 308 Qian Zhao,313 Yunzhong,Pingcheng,Datong

3. 628

260-534

Toba (Tabgac/Shanxi) Dong Wei(655) ,Xi Wei (630) Dyn.: 338-376 Dai, dep.351 Qian Qin (630) 386-534 Bei Wei

3.629

384-394

Xi Han ct.Shanze/Shanxi,385 Afang

3.630

313-581

Chang'an (Jingzhaofu/Xian), capital of dynasties: 313-318 (Xi)Jin 318-330 (Qian)Zhao (Xiongnu) 330-3.. (Hou)Zhao 351-384 (Qian) Qin (Tibetan dyn.) 384-417 (Hou)Qin 418-431 Xia ct.407 Xiahou,413 Tongwan/Bao'an) 431-528/9(Bei)Wei (628) 528-530 Qi 534-534 (Bei)Wei, restored 535-557 (Xi)Wei 557-581 (Bei)Zhou

Hou Han(10.333)

3.631-655

C.1122-AD 580

H e n a n

3. 631

c.1122-478

Chen , t.: 853 Gong

Chu (741)

3. 632

c.1122-445

Qi , t.: Gong ct.n.Kaifeng

Chu (741 )

3.633

c.1122- ?

Guan

3.634

c.1121-447/6

Cai , t.: Hou ct.Shangcai (Juningfu)

Chu (741)

3.635

c.1112-286

Song ct.Shanqu, t.: Gong dep. ? -473 s.Wu (691),

Qin(620)

3.636

64

c.1122-767

Dong(guo)

(Xinyang)

.403-

Qi (628) Zhengi640)

ANTIQUITY / EAST ASIA - 3.653

3.637

c.1122-650

Bei(guo) (a.770 Guoji) ct.Shangyang (Sanmenxin)

3.638

c.1122-209

Wei Qin{620) ct.Zhaoge( Weihuifu) t.: Count, 865 Hou,770 Gong,361 Hou,324 Jun dep.400- Liang (Wei,644)

3.639

c.1106-375

Jin (Henan,Hebei,Shanxi) ct. Gujiang, 879 Yi t.: Hou , 679 Gong

3.640

805-374

3.641

771-249

3.642

770/760

Hui

3.643

745-677

Quwo

3.644

424-AD 140p. Liang (Wei) (E-Henan,) Imp.Han(2.132) ct.Anyi (Buyang),a.360 Daliang/Kaifengfu 225/4-206 s.Qin (616) dep.s.206 Han, 178-AD 10 Dyn.Liu(Han) BC 144 split in 5 states

3.645

207-206

Sai ct.Liuyang

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.646

206-C.202

Xin ct.Zhaogui (Weijundu)

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.647

196-194/AD 6Huaiyang (post.Chen) Imp.Han(2.132) (Luyi xian) 178-175, ?-63 s.Imp.Han 165- ? Liang (640)

Zheng ct.Zhenzhou , t.: Gong

Jin(639)

Han{621)

(Dong/East-) Zhou , t.: Wang Qin{620) ct.: 769 Wangcheng (Luo Yi/Jia Yu n.Luoyang, 510 Chengzhou, 314 Wangcheng, 256 Gong

, t.: Gong

3.648

p.202-138

Jichuan dep.Imp.Han, 144-138 Dyn.Liu

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.649

p.202-115

Jidong dep.Imp.Han, 144-115 Dyn.Liu

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.650

p.202-25

Shanyang (Chang-i) 144-1.. Dyn.Liu(Han) 1..-33 s.Imp.Han

Imp.Han(2.132)

Jiyin

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.651

144-142

dep.Imp.Han, Dyn.Liu(Han) 3.652 3.653

19-17 AD a.140

Imp.Han(2.132)

Guangde Chen,

dep.Imp.Han 65

3.654 - ANTIQUITY / EAST ASIA

3.654

220-266

Wei

Xi Jin(655)

ct.Luoyang , Dyn.Cao 3.655 Capitals in Henan 25-580 for dyn. : Luoyang :

AD 25-220 220-266 266-311/6 316-329 329-330p. 453-534

Ye (Shande) a.340-352 357-370 370-398 398-534 534-550 550-580

(Dong)Han (Qian) Wei (654) (Xi)Jin (Qian) Zhao (Hou) Zhao (Bei)Wei (624) (Hou) Zhao (Qian)Yan (Qian)Yin (Tibet.dyn.) (Bei)Wei (624) (Dong)Wei (Bei)Qi

3.656-669 BC 1122-AD 564

G a n s u shuguo = Dependent State Qiang = Tibet.Tribal organisation

3.656

1122/908-206p.

Yong(zhou) (Gongchangfu) 677 ct.Yong, 206 Feijiu/Xian Dyn.Qin, t.: Hou, 781 Count 821-206 s.Qin (620)

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.657

a.209-170

Yuezhi (Tokhars in W-Gansu)

Xiongnu (2 .142 )

3.658

BC p.60-AD 111?

3.659

AD 29-111/140

Shangjun (shuguo,Ordos) Qiang protect. Anding (shuguo) Qiang protect., ct.Sanshui, dep.Imp.Han 111-129 abolished

3.660

39

Zuopingyi, t.: Gong

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.661

39

Yupingyi,

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.662

a.AD 55-111/140

t.: Gong

Zhangi-Juren (N-Gansu), dep.Imp.Han Qiang protect., 111-129 abolished Qian Liang ct. Guzang, Hexi

Qian Qin(630) (Pingyang/Shanxi)

3.663

AD 313-376

3.664

386-403

Hou Liang ct.Guzang

Hou Qin(630)

3.665

397-439

Bei Liang ct.401 Zhangyi, 412 Guzang

Bei Wei(628)

3.666

397-414

Nan Liang ct.Ledu, 399-402 Xiping

66

Xi Qin(668)

ANTIQUITY / EAST ASIA - 3.679

3.667

400-421/3

3.668

384/5-431

3.669

457-564

Xi Liang ct.Donhuang, 405 Jiuquan

Bei Liangi665)

Xi Qin Bei Wei (628) ct.: Yongshicheng,Jingzheng,Wanchuan, Baohan (Hezhou/Changan) Tangzhang

(Qiang)

3.670-684 BC 1122-AD 436

H e b e i

3.670

Yan Inp.Han(2.132) ct.: 723-221 Yizheng (Beijing), p.602 Xiadu (Yi/n.Beijing,Lower capital), c.202 Ji/ Yuyang xian t.: Hou, 798 Gong,332 Wang 222/1-207 s.Qin (620), 202-80 dep.Imp.Han

3.671

c.1122/864-80

403-AD 140p.

Zhao Imp.Han(2.132) ct.Zhongmou(n.Anyang),3 8 6 Handan(n.Anyang) t.: Hou, 325 Wang 222-209 s.Qin (620) dep.202-AD 140p. Imp.Han ? -29 AD, 37-43 Imp.administration

3.672

BC 202-148p.

Guangchuan dep.Imp.Han, 148- ?

Imp.Han(2.132) Dyn.Liu (Han)

3.673

BC 202-AD 140p.

Qingho dep.Imp.Han, 147-65 38-32 Imp.admin.

Imp.Han(2.132) Dyn.Liu (Han)

Changshan dep.Imp.Han, 145- ?

Imp.Han(2.132) Dyn.Liu (Han)

3.674

BC p.202-145p.

3.675

BC 178-AD 140p.

Hejian Dyn.Liu(Han) dep.Imp.Han, AD 37-? Imp.adm.

Inp.Han(2.132)

3.676

73-AD 6

Guanghan protect.,dep.Imp.Han

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.677

? -AD 6

Guangping (SE) dep.Imp.Han

Inp.Han(2.132)

3.678

? -AD 37

Guangyang (N) dep.Imp.Han, AD 6-26 Imp.admin.

Inp.Han(2.132)

Xindu (N) dep.Imp.Han, 16-5 Imp.admin.

Inp.Han(2.132)

3.679

BC 35-AD 6

67

3.680 - ANTIQUITY / EAST ASIA 3.680

3.681

284-370

a.310-AD 54p.

3.682

319-352

3.683

319/383-397

3.684

409-436

Qian Yan Qian Qin[330) ct.: Zhengshan(Dingzhou), p.350 Yan(Beijing),357 Ye (Shande,655) Zhongshan (206-202: Zhengding) Imp.Han(2.132) ct. n.Zhengding dep.s.202 Imp.Han, 157-55 Dyn.Liu (Han) BC 55-42,29-23, AD 6-25,37-XII.41 Imp.admin. 44-54 vacant Hou Zhao Qian Yan(680) ct.Xiang-guo/Hebei, a.340 Ye (655) Hou Yan ct.Zhongshan Dyn.Murong (Xianpi) in S-Manchuria Bei Yan ct. Changle (Jehol)

Bei Wei(628)

3.685-689 BC 200-AD 668

L i a o d o n g

3.685

a.200-108

Yeguk (Ch'ol) Tribal confed.in Changhagun ct.Tongyi (Myongju)

3.686

AD a.140-316

3.687

p.200

Wuzhong

3.688

p.270-396

Xianbi (s.Hou Yan,683) Dyn.Murong

3.689

285-668

3.69-73

BC 1290-AD 140

&

Tojba(628)

L i a o x i

(Manchuria)

Liaodong (shu-guo/vasall state) Hou Yan(683) 191/2 Pretender p.192-232 Dyn.Kongson, autonom.Govern. dep.: Han, 220 Wei (654), 232-238 Yan Wang 238-266 s.Wei (654), Jin (655) 266-316 s.Xi Jin (655)

E-Manchuria s.Koguryu (800) occup.342 by Hou Yan (679)

Eastern Regions / Östliche Regionen

3.69

BC c.1290-AD 140

A n h u i ,

3.691

BC c.1290-472/154

Wu (Gou Wu,Gongyu,154 Jiangdu) ct.Gusu (Meili/Wuxi),c.513 Helu cheng(Suzhou) c.1290-586 Gou Wu (Tribal organisation) 586-472/154 Kingdom 472-333 s.Yue (692) 333-207 s.Qin (620) 206/2-195 s.Imp.Han (2.132) 195-154 dep.Imp.Han

68

J i a n g s u ,

Z h e j i a n g

ANTIQUITY / EAST ASIA - 3.707

3.692

3.693

3.694

a.600-313

Yue ct.490 Kueiqi (Shaoxing/Zhejiang) 333 Chu invasion (741)

VI.206-202,XII. Xi Chu (Xiang Yu) ct.Pengcheng (Xuzhou/Jiangsu) 206/2-54/AD 6

Chu (741 )

Imp. Han(2.132)

Guangling (Anhui) dep.Imp.Han, 54-47 s.Imp.Han

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.695

192-138

Donghai (Dong'ou/Zhejiang)

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.696

115-AD 37

Sishui (W-Jiangsu) AD 6-26 Imp.administration

Imp.Han{2.132)

3.697

AD 44-140p.

Pei (E-Anhui) dep.Imp.Han

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.698

a.140

Xiapi (W-Jiangxu) dep.Imp.Han

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.699

a.140

Pengcheng

3.70-73

BC 1122-AD 410

(Anhui)

S h a n d o n g

3.701

c.1122-486

Cao (SW-Region) ct.Chengpu, t.: Count, 758 Gong(duke)

3.702

c.1122-431

Ju t.: 586 Gong(duke)

Chu(741)

3.703

c.1121-AD 14Op. Lu ct.Dong, Lu (Qufu) t.: 999 Gong(duke) BC 249s.Chu (741) BC 155-AD 2p. Dyn.Liu, dep.Imp.Han AD 6-26, 37-43 Imp.admin.

Chu (741)

3.704

c.1120-AD 14Op. Qi (NW-Reg.,S-Hebei) Imp.Han(2.132) ct.Linzi (Zipo Shi) t.: Hou, 1051 Gong,404 Wang 221-206 s.Imp.Qin (620) 201-126 Dyn.Liu (Han), dep.Imp.Han 126-AD 35, 37-43 Imp.admin.

3.705

c.740-513c.

Xie

3.706

a.700

Fuyang dep.Lu (702)

3.707

a.700-681

Sui

Song{635)

(Shandong,Henan) Songr(635)

Lu (703)

69

3.708 - ANTIQUITY / EAST ASIA

3.708

a.700-524/492

Yu (Kiyang) ct.Kiyang(n.Linyi),

£u(703) 524-492 s.Chu (741)

3.709

a.700-692

Yuyuqiu

Lu(703)

3.710

a.700-669

Zhang

Lu (703)

3.711

a.686

Cheng

£u(703)

3.712

c.665-415

Deng

yue(692)

ct.Yanzhou , t.: Gong 3.713

a.638

Suqu

3.714

a.600

Genmou

Lu(703)

3.715

a.600-585

Zhuan

iu(703)

3.716

a.591

Shu

3.717

a.550

Zhu

3.718

C.206-AD p.140

3.719

a. 202-AD 26

Qibei Imp.Han(2.132) ct.Poyang (W-Shandong) dep.202 Imp.Han, 178-87 Dyn.Liu (Han) BC 87-AD 2p Imp.admin. Chengyang (SW-Shandong) Imp.Han (2.132) dep.Imp.Han, 178-AD 26 Dyn.Liu

3.720

a.202-AD 37

Jiaodong (W-Shandong) dep.Imp.Han,164-? Dyn.Liu (Han) AD 6-26 Imp.admin.

3.721

a.202-164p.

Jiaoxi (W-Shandong) Imp.Han(2.132) dep.Imp.Han, 164Dyn.Liu (Han)

3.722

a.202-AD 37

Zichuan (W-Shandong) dep.Imp.Han, 153-26 Dyn.Liu 18.VII.26-37 Imp.admin.

(Wei valley) Lu(703)

Beihai(729)

Inp.Han(2.132)

3.723

181-AD p.140

Langye (Langya/SW-Shandong) Iirp.Han (2 .132) dep.Imp.Han, BC 7179-AD p.2 Imp.admin.

3.724

164-AD p.140

Jinan (W-Shandong) 154-AD 2p. Imp.admin.

3.725

91-56

Pinggan dep.Imp.Han

3.726

73-AD 6

Gaomi (SW-Shandong) dep.Imp.Han

3.727

BC 52-AD 24p.

70

Imp.Han(2.132)

Imp.Han(2.132)

Imp.Han(2.132)

Dingtao Imp.Han(2.132) dep.Imp.Han, 49-25, BC 5-AD 24 Imp.admin.

ANTIQUITY / EAST ASIA - 3.748

3.728

3.729

BC 52-AD 140p. Dongping (SE-Shandong) dep.Imp.Han AD a.2-14Op.

Beihai

Imp.Han(2.132)

Imp.Han(2.132)

dep.Imp.Han, 6-52 Imp.admin. 3.730

AD 24-

Yuanshi

3.731

a.AD 140

Lo'an

3.732

a.AD 140

Rencheng

3.733

11.398-410

Imp.Han(2.132)

Nan Yan ct.Huatai

3.74-77

BC 1122-AD 649

Southern Regions / Südliche Regionen

3.741-751

BC 1122-AD 150

H u g u a n g (Hubei,Hunan)

3.741

c.1122-AD 6

Song- (770)

Chu (Anhui,Huguang) Imp.Han(2.132) ct.: Danyang,p.689-506 Ying(Jinan/n.Jianling), Zhengzheng, 504-278 Yanying t.: Jun, 74 0 Wang occup.by : 506 Wu (691), 278 Qin (616) 223/222-208 s.Qin (620) dep.206-202 Xi Chu (693) 202-69 s.Imp.Han, dep.BC 69-AD 6 Imp.Han

3.742

a.700

Locui (Xiangyin xian/Hunan)

3.743

p.600-470

E

3.744

p.433

Sui (?Zeng/Sui xian/Hubei)

(n.Wuhan) dep.Yue (692)

Yue(692)

3.745

206-AD 150p. Lingjiang (Huguang) Imp.Han (2 .132) ct.Jiangling t.: Wang, dep.201-AD 150p. Imp.Han Dyn. AD 150p.- ? Liu (Han)

3.746

203-AD 2p.

Changsha (Hunan) Imp.Han(2.132) t.: Wang Dyn.: 203-157 Wu, dep.Imp.Han 155-AD 2p. Liu (Han), dep.Imp.Han

3.747

196-122

Huainan (Hubei,Jiangxi) Imp.Han(2.132) t.: Wang, dep.Imp.Han, 174-168 Imp.admin.

3.748

p.195-AD a.32

Liu'an

(E-Hubei)

71

3.749 - ANTIQUITY / EAST ASIA

3.749

164-122

Imp.Han(2.132)

Hengshan (Hubei) t.: Wang

3.750

164-152

3.751

AD 73-89,XI.

3.752-760 BC 770-AD 503

Lujiang (Anhui,Hubei) Fouling (S-Hubei) t.: Wang, 76-87 Hou, dep.Imp.Han

S i c h u a n

&

Hengshan(749) Imp.Han(2.132)

Q i n g h a i

3.752

a.770-AD 122p. Shu Imp.Han(2.132) ct.Shu (Chengdu) t.: Wang, 316 Hou, AD 25 Wang 316-287 Dyn. Kaiming , dep.Qin (620) 287-206 s.Qin (620) 206-AD 25 s.Imp.Han AD V.25-36 local dyn., dep.Imp.Han XII.36- ? s.Imp.Han a.122- ? Shu & Ba

3.753

a.770-AD a.122 Ba (E-Sichuan) Shu(752) ct.Peiling/N.Zhongqing, c.350 Langzhong a.770-481p. Confederation of tribes: Dan,Gong,Nu,Rang,Pu,Yi,Zong,Zu dep.770-675 Chu (741) p.481-316 Ba(-guo/State) 316-206 s.Qin (616)

3.754

a.700-634

3.755

3.756

BC a.60-AD 140

AD 19/24-38

Kui (Hubei border)

Chu(741)

Jincheng (Qinghai) dep.Imp.Han (2.132) Kionggu (Yuexi?/W-Sichuan) shuguo/vasall state, dep.35-38 Imp.Han

3.757

107-140p.

Jianwei (SW-Sichuan) shuguo/vasall state, dep.Imp.Han

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.758

a.125-140p.

Guanghan (NE-Sichuan) shuguo/vasall state, dep.Imp.Han

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.759

a.140

Shuzhun (E-Sichuan) shuguo/vasall state, dep.Imp.Han

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.760

72

184-503

Longxi (S-Sichuan) Dyn.: 184-214 Ping Han 214-296 S.China (655) c.296-503 Xi Wei (630)

ANTIQUITY / EAST ASIA - 3.772

3.761-765 BC 328-AD 649

Y u n n a n

3.761

Dian(guo) (Mong Tien/SW) t.: King (Wang) dep. 109 Imp.Han, Ma-mo (Mong Mao)

BC 328-AD c.50

Ailo(765)

3.762

a.300

Kiungdu (Kiunglai xian/Guizhou,W-Yunnan)

3.763

a.300-lllp.

Yelang (Guizhou,W-Yunnan) dep.Ill Imp.Han

3.764

a.122-AD 225

Baice(guo) ct.Chenge-ieng

3.765

Ailo(765)

AD a.47-649

Ailo (Ai-lao, Jianning-guo/N-Yunnan) dep.51/69 Imp.Han Nanzhao(10.432)

AD

Chinese rule in Yongchang (Vocian)

68-342

3.766-769 BC 332-AD 530

F u j i a n

&

L i a n g g u a n g

3.766

332-222

Nan Yue (Nam Viet)

3.767

222-111

Jiaoji ct.Panyu (Guangzhou) t.: Wang, 183-179 Emperor dep.196-183,179-111 Imp.Han

Imp.Hani 2.132)

3.768

202-112p.

Min Yue (Dong Yue) dep.135- , 112Imp.Han

Imp.Han(2.132)

3.769

527-530

Qi (pretender) ct.Guangzhou

Bei Wei(628)

3.770-772 AD 229-589

J i a n g x i

3.770

229-280

Wu Xi Jin(630) et. V.229 Wuchang,264 Jianye (Moling/Nanjing) Dyn.Sun (s.198 marchess, 220 prince of Wu)

3.771

318-589

Dyn.in Jiankang (Nanjing) : Imp.Sui(9.311) IV.318-420 VII.420-479 V. 479-502 IV.502-557 XI.557-589

3.772

403-405,11.

Dong Jin Qian Song Nan Qi Qian Liang Nan Chen

Chu ct.Jiankang Dyn.: Huan (pretenders s.III.402)

Dong Jin{lll)

73

3.781 - ANTIQUITY / EAST ASIA

3.78

BC

3.781

BC a.100-AD c.300

Period of "100 States (?tribes)" (30 with relations to China, i.a.: Kuna, c.57 Na, c.107, Wa dep.Imp.Han,2.132) centers i.a. : Yamato (Nara), Fukuoka (Kyushyu)

3.782

AD a.239-AD c.600

Xamatai (? a.239-a.500 Wa) ct.Yamato (Nara) t.: Okimi (Great King) dep.: c.239 China (Wei,651) 421-479 Qian Song (771)

3.79-80

BC a.200-AD 672

KOREA

3.791-800 3.791

3.792

3.793

100-AD 600

200-AD 427 a.200-108

North & East Regions / Nord- S Ostregionen Xeguk (Ch'ol) incl.Manchuria

Imp.Han(2.132) (680)

a.195-106

Ko(Old) Chosun ct.Wang-gom/n.Pyongyang Dyn. Wi-Man

a.108-AD 146

Pyon Han (NE) Confederation of 5 tribes:

a.108-AD 146

Okcho

a.100-37

Chollo ct.Pukpu (Hubu) Kwanno ct.Nambu (o.Chonbu) Kyeru ct.Naebu (Huangbu) Sono ct.Sobu (Ubu) Sunno ct.Tongbu (Chwabu)

a.100-37 a.100-37 a.100-37 a.100-81

3.794

JAPAN

BC 108-AD 313

Imp.Han(2.132)

(Prov.Hangyong/E-coast)

Chinese Provinces (NW)

KoguryudSb) Koguryu(195) Koguryu(795) Koguryu(795) Koguryu(795)

Koguryu(195)

108-AD 313 Nang-nang (Lolang) AD p.8-30 Rebell rule BC 97-82 Chin-bon (Zhenfan) 97-82 Im-dun (Lintun) 97-75 Hyon-do (Xuantu) 81-37 Pyong-ju Koguryu 81-37 Tong-bu Koguryu

74

(795) (795)

ANTIQUITY / EAST ASIA - 3.806

3.795

BC 37-AD 427

Koguryu I (N-Puyo) Koguryu II (10.471) incl.E-Manchuria ct.: Wantu,Cholbon/Manchuria, AD 3 Kungnaesong (Guoneicheng/Ji'an,Jilin) 209-313p. Handosong occup.by : 244

Wei (651),342 Hou Yan (679)

3.796-806 BC 193-AD 66

South S West Regions / Sud- & Westregionen

3.796

Mahan (SW-Korea)

BC 193-9

Paekche(799)

Confederation of 55 tribes leading tribe : Mokchi, Dyn.Ki-ja Chin Han Sorabol(198) 6 tribal organizations : Hanji Ponp'i Kumjang Saryang Moryang So

3.797

a.100-57

3.798

BC 57-AD 66

3.799

BC 18-AD 660/672 Paekche (Kudara,538: Nam Puyo)

Sorabol ct.Sorabol (Kyong-ju)

Kye-rim{800)

Silla(10.473) ct.: 371 Han-song (Seoul), 475 Ung-jin(Kongju), 538 Sa-ja (Sabison) 16.VII.660-669/70 Chines.rule in prov.: Ung-jin,Ton-myong,Ki-ryun,Sa-ja,Tu-ku dep.669/70-672 Silla 3.800

AD 66-504

Kye-rim (Sara,Saro,Silla) t.: I-sa-gum, 356 Ma-ri-kpan

Silla(10.473)

3.801-806

a.420-562

Kaya (Karak) League / Liga

3.801

a.420-532

Kumgwan Kaya (Pob Kaya) a.532 league hegemon dep.513/27-532 Silla 10.473)

3.802

a.420-562

Tae Kaya (Ijinasa,Imna,Mimana,Mioyama) ct.Koryong Silla(10.473) (s.c.350 Japan.colony in Imna) 532 league hegemon, dep.a.420-527 Japan (782)

3.,803

a,.420- 536

Ära Kaya

3.,804

a,.420-•532p.

Koryong Kaya

3.,805

a,.420- 532p.

So Kaya (Lesser Kaya)

3.,806

a..420-•532p.

Songsang Kaya

Silla{10.473)

75

ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA - 4.113

South

4.1-3

SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA / SÜD- & SÜDOST ASIEN

4.11-26 4.11

A S I A / A S I E N II Southeast, Central S Northern Asia

S o u t h BC 2350-600

A s i a

/

S ü d a s i e n

Early Antiquity / Frühes Altertum

4.111

a.2350-1750

Indus Valley (Harappa civil./? Meluhha) : Confederation of Early Trading Cities / Verbund früher Handelsstädte s.1.33-34 (destroyed by foreign invaders / von fremden Invasoren zerstört )

4.112

p.1750-1500p.

Jambudlpa: Tribal Organizations in Ganges Valley / Stammesorganisationen im Ganges Tal p.1500-1200 Aryan invasions / Arier-Invasionen Pre-Aryan Tribes / Vorarische Stämme : Ayas Sigrus Yakshas Kikatas (n.Magadha) Vrijji

4.113

p.1500-600

Early Aryan Territories / Frühe Territ.der Arier (Janapadas, 16 Mahajanapadas/Great Nations*)

p.1500/1200

in Panjab & NW India : *Avsakâ (Assakâ) *Gandhâra (382) *Khâmboja (381) Legend.dyn. in Dargaresvara (Jammu)

a.1000-600

Avanti(161)

in Malava, Ganges Valley & Central India : *Avanti (Malava) & Anarta (Gujarat) et.p.1350 Mahesvar (Mahismati), Ujjain Dyn.Haihaya , t.: p.1350 Samrat *Cetiya (Chedi,Madhya Pradesh) ct.Tripuri (Tewar)

-830 -800

Giriprastha (Madhya Pradesh) Indraprashtha (Puràna Qila/Delhi) et.Hastinàpura (Gaj avahya,Nàgasahvaya) Dyn.Pandava (Pandu) *Kàsi Vatsa(118) et.Varanàsi Koliya *Kosala Magadha(121) et.: Ayodhyà (Saketa), a.600 Sràvasti (Saravati-nagari/Sahet Mahet)

77

4.121 - ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA

c.1300-980/75?

*Kuru(kshetra) (Meerut) ct.Arsandivat Lichchavi (*Vajji,Vrijji) ct.Vesäli (Basärh) *Magadha (Bihar) ct.Räjagriha (Räjgir/n.Patna) *Malla (Vrijji) *Matsya (Macchä/Uttar Prad.) ct.Upaplavya, Vairäta (Bairät/Jaipur) Pancälä (N) ct.Ahichchaträ (n.Ramnagar(Bareilly)

c.1350-800

*Pancälä (S) Vatsa(ll&) ct.Kämpilya (Kämpil/Farrukhäbäd),Hastinapura Sakya (Sankya/Vrijji) *Surasena (Uttar Prad.) ct.Mathura Dyn.Yadava , c.1190 Andhaka branch *Anga (Vanga/Bengal) ct.Campa Dyn.Anuva (Yayateyas) *Vatsa (Vamsa,Vatsya/Vrijji) ct.Kausambi (Kosam/n.Allahabad/U.P.) Videha (Tira-bhukti/Vrijji,N-Bihar) ct.Mithilä, t.: Samrat

4.12-25 BC 977-AD 640

Historical States / Geschichtliche Staaten

4.12-13

NORTHERN REGIONS

977-AD 570

/

NORD-REGIONEN

4.121

c.977-AD 570

Magadha (Saketa/Bihär) ct.: Girivraja, Räjagriha (Räjgir), 458 Pataliputra (Patna) Dyn.: c.977-644? Brihadratha (Purus) c.642-317? Saisunaga (Haryanka) c.350-311 Nanda 313-185/76 Maurya 185/176-72 Sunga 73/2-28 Kanva BC 28-AD 80 s.Andhra (219) AD 80-320 320-570 Gupta t.: Mahäräjadhiräja 510-528 Hephtalite rule

4.122

a.800-600p.

Kasi ct.Varanäsi

78

Kosala(124)

ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA - 4.129

4.123 BC C.835-AD 360

Mathurá(Mathuban,Muttra,Surasena/U.P.) et.Mathura,AD a.100 Kantipuri c.835-450 450-100 a.100-94/78 BC 94/78-AD 60 AD 60-C.225 a.100-a.250 a.250-360

Ma gadha(121) (Kantit/Mirzapur)

Dyn.Kuru s.Magadha (121) Dyn. Datta (Nagas) Sakas Kusanas Dyn.Nara (Nagas)

4.124

C.830-C.450

Rosala (Awadh) et. Ayodhyá, a.600 Sravasti Dyn. Ikshvaku occup.p.650 by Kàsi (122)

4.125

a.800-c.475

Vrijji Aristocratic Republics (Gana-sangha,Tribal confederation) a. 800-500/475 Lichchavi ct.Vesali

Magadha(121) (Saravati-nagara)

Magadha(121)

(Basarh/Muzaffarpur)

a.800-500/475 Malla ct.i.a. Kasia

(Kusinagara/n.Gorakhpur),Pava

a.800-c.480

Sakya (Sankya)

Kosala(lZA)

C.500-C.475

Confederation Lichchavi-Malla

4.126

a.800-500p.

Videha (N-Bihar) ct.Mithila 792-600p. s.Licchhavi (125)

Magadha(121)

4.127

p.800-3..

Matsya (E-Rajasthan) ct.Viràtanàgara (Bairát/n.Jaipur) Dyn.Kuru

Magadha{121)

4.128

C.785-AD 3..

Vatsa (Vatsya) Magadha(121) ct.Kausambi (Kosam/n.Allahabad) Dyn.: c.785-375 Citraratha (Puru) occup. c.446 Avanti (161) c.375-73 s.Magadha (121) AD a.120Kusanas (123) p.120-AD 3.. Sudeva (Maghas)

4.129

a.600-AD a.350 Ahichchatrà (Pañcálá/Bareilly) et.Chhatravadi (Ramnagar/Rohilkand) c.450-185p. s.Magadha (121) AD 100-225 Kusanas (123)

Magadha(121)

79

4.130 - ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA

4.130

4.131

BC c.590-AD 590

BC C.80-AD c.430

Nepàla Pa tan(12.411) Dyn.: c.590-AD 111 Kiràta dep. c.270-73 Magadha (121) AD 43-205 Kusanas (123) AD a.200-205 s.Vesali (133) c.205-305 Somavamsi C.305-C.590 Suryavamsi ct.Banesvara dep.: c.350-500 Magadha (121) 500p.-576 Ahir (Guptas) Dargaresvara

Jammu(11.921)

(Jammu)

Dyn.Rai 4.132

BC a.l00-AD 10Op.

Ayodhyà

4.133

AD a.200-c.350

Vesali

(Awadh) Magadha(121) (Lichchavis/N-Bihar) Magadha(121)

4.134

c.210-360

4.14-15

BC 830-AD 640

4.141-143 4.141

4.142

830-AD 350

BC a.830-300?

-AD 35Op.

4.143-148 a.800-AD 611 4.143

a.800-AD 611

Padmavati Dyn.Naga, (n.Narwar/Gwalior) t.: Maharaja

EASTERN REGIONS / OSTREGIONEN (Bengal,Orissa,Assam,Manipur,Tripura)

B e n g a l Anga (Vanga/Bengal,Orissa,S.Bihar) c.830-500p. Dyn.Anuva (Yayateyas) c.450-350 s.Magadha (121) Samatata (SE) dep. 350 Magadha

Magadha(121)

O r i s s a Ralinga (S) et.: Dantapura (Dangagula?/Rajahmundy) BC 225 Kalinga-nagara, a.311 Tosali Dyn.: a.800-317 317-a.311 a.311-261 261-225 225p.225 157-50 BC C.50-AD 450 c.430-485 c.450-550 c.485-611

80

Magadha(121)

Kshatriya s.Magadha (121) in Tosali, Samapa s.Magadha (121) Chela Mudgala Màthara dep.c.350 Magadha (121) Vasishtha Sarabhapura (Sripura) Durjaya

ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA - 4.161

4.144 4.145

Simhapura (Central Kalinga) AD a.340

Devarashtra dep.350 Magadha

(121)

4.146

a.340

Erandapalla (Distr.Vizagapatam) dep.350 Magadha (121)

4.147

a.340

Kotturu

(Distr.Ganjam)

dep. c.350 Magadha (121) 4.148

a.340

Mahäkäntara

(Jeypore/W-Orissa)

4.149

a.340-495

Pishtapura

(Pithäpuram)

& Manipur

4.15

BC C.300-AD 350

A s s a m

4.151

BC C.300-AD c.350

Kamarupa (Mairang/Beltola)

Vengi(248)

Magadha(121)

ct.Mairanka, BC c.150 Pragyotishpur 4.152

AD p-200-c.350

Daväka

(Rampur/Nowgong)

4.153

Lohityapur

4.154

Pratapgärh

4.155

Ratnapur

4.155

Sonitpur post, ct.Bhalukpung

4.153

AD 35-200p.

Magadha(121)

Manipur

4.16-19

BC 800-AD 700

WESTERN INDIA / WESTLICHES INDIEN (Gujarat,Kathiawar,Panjab,Rajasthan,Sindh) Gandhara,Kashmir,Khamboja,Taxila s.381-390

4.16

BC 800-AD 700p.

Malwa,Gujarat,Kathiawar,Saurashtra

4.161-163

BC a.800-AD 530

M a l w a

(Malava)

4.161

BC a.800-350/180

Avanti W-Malava(163) ct.: 700p.Ujjain,p.350-180/73 Vidisa(Bhilsa) c.500-365/50p. Dyn.Pradyota c.350-180 s.Magadha (121)

81

4.162 - ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA

4.162

c.350-700p.

Akara (E-Malava) ct.Vidisa (Bhilsà) 350/180-73 s.Magadha (121) BC 73-AD 240 s.Andhra (237) c.240-700p. Dyn.Nàga in Vidisa,Sesa, Borghin,Sadachanda dep.: c.340-490 Magadha (121) c.490-530 s.Purika (217)

4.163

C.175-AD 54 0

West Malava ct.Ujjain (Ozene) C.175-94p. Graeco-Bactrians a.lOO-AD 8Op. Local rulers in W-Malwa & Ujjain dep.AD 8Op. Kusanas (181) AD c.75-p.402 Saka (Western Satraps) t.: a.124 Mahakshatrapa dep.c.75-125 Kusanas (181) Dyn.: p.94-304/5 Kardamakas 304/5-332/48 Rudrasimha 332-348 disintegration 348-p.4 02 Rudrasena Magadha(121) p.351-a.540 Dyn.Aulikara ct.: Dasapura/Mandasor, a.476 Ujjain t.: 476p.Maharajadhiraja dep.: 436-467 Magadha (121) 481-530 Hunas (181)

4.164-170

BC 800-AD 640

G u j a r a t

&

Kathiawar, Saurashtra

4.164

BC a.800-AD 640p.

Surashtra Magadha(121) (Sarvatos,Sigerdis,Sulacha/Kathiawar) Dyn.Sura (Haihayas) BC 380-180 s.Magadha (121) C.180-AD a.540 s.W-Malava (163) p.540-AD 64Op. Kingdom dep.W-Malwa (163)

4.165

BC a.300-150p.

Bhrigu (Bhàrukaccha,Barygaza /Broach) 175 Graeco-Bactrian invasion (163) -179 Kshatrapas 179-150 s.Andhra (237) 150Kshatrapas

4.166

BC a.300-AD 495

Aparanta BC a.300-a.100

-AD 250 c.250-a.409 a.450-c.495

82

Avanti(161) Aparantas (Surparakas.Soparas) ct.Surparaka Traikutakas Saka rule (163) Traikutakas ct.Traikuta (N-Konkana)

ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA - 4.189

4.167

BC a.300-a.100

Petenikas (Aurangabad/Haydarabad)

4.168

BC a.300-AD lOOp. Pulindas ct.Pulinda-nagara

4.169

BC a.300-a.100

Ràshtrikas (Saurashtra)

4.170

BC C.185-AD p.100 Pithudas (Pitundras)

4.18

BC 600-AD 600

P a n j a b

&

Rajasthan, North West Region

4.181

c.600-534p.

¿akala (Sialkot/Panjab) c.600-326 Madrakas (Madras/Puru) 326-317 s.Makedon.Emp. (2.121) 317-183 s.Magadha (121) 183-78 Graeco-Bactrian kings 78-AD 60 Sakas c.60-180/225 Kusanas c.180-481/95 Dyn.Puruwar ct.Sabahanpur (Sialkot) c.240-350 Madrakas c.350-481 s.Magadha (121) 481/95-534 Hunas (Hephtalits) ct.Sakala

4.182-189

BC C.50-AD a.600

Tribal Republics in Panjab & Rajasthan

4.182

BC C.50-AD a.600

Arjunayanas (n.Bharatpur) dep. BC p.lO-AD 60 Sakas (181) p.60-C.225 Kusanas (181) AD c.350-a.500 Magadha (121)

4.183

Abhiras (Western branch,Rajasthan)

4.184

Malavas (in Alwar,Bharatpur/Rajasthan) ct.Malava-nagara (Karkotanagar/Jaipur) AD c.350 in E-Rajasthan (Kotah,Mewar,Tonk) dep.: c.350-480 Magadha (121) c.480-515 Vakatakas (Purika,217)

4.185 4.186

(Vrishni-)Rajanyas (NW-Rajasthan) BC a.340-100p.

Sibis (n.Madhyamika/n.Chitor/Raj.) ct.: Sibipura (Shorkot/Jhang) s.a.326 Nagari (Madhyamika)

4.187

Uddehikas (n.Bayana/Bharatpur)

4.188

Uttamabhadras (n.Ajmer)

4.189

AD p.l00-230p.

Yaudheyas (Johiyabar/n.Bahawalpur) dep.p.100-a.230 Kusanas (181)

83

4.191 - ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA

4.19-20

BC a.326-AD 500

North West Règions / Nord-West Regionen (N-Panjab, NW-Frontiers)

4.191

BC a.326-

Abhisara (Poonch,Rajaori) dep.326 Makedon.Empire (2.322)

4.192

a.326-

Arsakes (Urusa/Hazara)

a.326-

Asvaka (Assekenoi/Swat) dep.326 Makedon.Empire

4.193

4.194

C.184-AD a.350

Agratayas in Hissar Aristocrat.Republic

4.195

C.184-AD a.350

Trigarta (Jhàlandra)

4.196

C.184-AD 60p.

Almora (Panjab)

4.197

BC a.150-AD 640p.

4.198

a.l00-AD a.100 BC a.lO-AD 5Op.

4.199

AD a. 5

4.200

(2.322)

Kuninda (Kulinda/Kangra,Srughna) et.Sugh/n.Barin Tibet.dyn. Audumbara

Kusanas(181)

Vemaki Goruaia (Bajaur)

4.201

-C.350

4.202

c.250-a.500

Kuluta (Kulu) dep. c.350-a.500 Magadha (121)

BC 600-AD 700

CENTRAL INDIA / ZENTRAL-INDIEN

4.21-22

Kusanas(181)

Kartripura

(Kartàrpur/Jhàlandra)

4.211-213

a.600-AD 700

C h e d i (Cètiya)- Maha-Kosala

4.211

a.600-AD 530

Dabhàla (Dahàla/Bundelkhand) ct.Tripuri (Tewar) AD 40-400 evacuated c.400-530 Dyn.Parivràjaka t.: Maharaja

Kulu(11.752)

Dabhala(11.181)

4.212

AD a.280-700p.

18 anonymous "Forest Kingdoms" (s.12.194)

4.213

AD p.300-496p.

Uchchhakalpa (Baghelkhand) Dabhàla(211) t.: Maharaja dep. p.350-a.493 Magadha(121)

84

ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA - 4.234

4.214

4.215-217

4.215

c.340-460

BC 300-600

BC a.300-AD c.350

Maha-Kosala Purika(217),M.K. (12.304) (Bilaspur,Drug,Raipur,Sambalpur) dep.c.350-460 Magadha (121)

B e r a r

Vidarbha Magadha(121) ct.Kaundanpur (Kaundinyapura,Kundina/Di s tr.Amraoti) Dyn BC a.300-a.l00 Bhoja p.157-AD c.350 Kaundinya

4.216

AD 194-600p.

(Greater) Surguja (Madhya Pradesh) incl.Changbhakar,Jashpur,Korea,Udaipur)

4.217

c.255-550

4.218

335/50-480

Vatsagulma (S-Bihar) Dyn.Väkätaka

4.219-222

AD 382-515

G o n d w a n a

Purika (Nagpur) Bädämi(11.426) ct.Paunar (n.Wardhan) Dyn.Väkätaka (Sena) dep.255-275 Nägas, 350-550 Magadha t.: 275p. Samrät

(Gonds/Madhya Pradesh)

4.219

c.382-509

Garha-mandala

4.220

c.400-515p.

Mekala Dyn.Panduvamsi dep. a.475-515 Purika (217)

4.222

c.477

Jayapura (?Rewa) t.: Mahäräja

4.23-26

BC 4 83-AD 522

ÈRL LANKA

£

4.231

BC 483-AD 522

Anuradhapura

PuriJca (217)

SOUTH INDIA / SÜD INDIEK

(Tambapanni/Sri Lanka)

4.232

BC a.300-a.100

Ahäras ct.Isila

4.233

BC a.300-AD 600p.

Chola ct.Uraiyur (Distr,Trichinopoly) c.300-600 Kalabhra (forest tribal) domination

4.234

BC C.250-AD 300p.

Chera (Cerobothra,Keralaputras) ct.: Vanji (Tirur-karur/Kacin), post.Tiru-vanjikkalam

85

4.235 - ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA

4.235

BC c.250-AD 210

Pandya ct.Kolkai/Tinnevelly, post.Madurai

4.236

BC c.250

Satyapuras (Maisur)

4.237

BC

Andhra ct.Amaràvati(n.Dhanyakatàka), Pratishthana (Paithan/n.Aurangabad), 236 Andhra (Krishna-Guntur), a.275 Nasikya (Nasik)

211-AD 515

Dyn.: BC 211-AD 249 Satavahàna (Andhrabhrityas,Vrispalas) AD c.236-295 Ikshvaku (Nagarjunakonda/Gunthur) c.275-a.4 00 Abhira dep.295-335 Pallavas (231) c.335-400 Purika (217) a.400-450p. s.Magadha (121) p.450-515 s.Purika (217) 4.238

AD a.100-490p.

4.239

a.100-c.350

Axiake (Nahapana Kingdom/S) Dyn.: c.150-398 Kshatrapa 398-490p. Gupta Brihatphalagyanas ct.Masulipatram (Masalia), Kuduru

4.240

a.100

Tamilakam

4.241

c.100-c.350

Aivis (Atavis) ct.Kottara (S-Travankur/Kerala)

4.242

c.100

Batoi ct.Nikama

4.243

c.100-a.250

Karuvur (Keralaputras)

4.244

c.100

Karvis

4.245

c.100

Malangas

4.246

c.100

Musopalle (Canarie)

(?Mavilangai)

4.247

c.100

Orthura

4.248

p.100-615

Vengi Badami(11.426) et.: Amaravàti(Guntur),300 Vengipura, Kandarapura ,500 Lendulura Dyn. p.100-320 Andhra (Ikshvaku,237) c.250-430p. Ananda (Sàlankàyana) dep.: c.250-320 Andhra (237) c.350 Magadha (121) 400/20-615 Vishnukundi dep.611-615 Badami

86

ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA - 4.262

4.249

c.190-897

Kaiichi (Conjeevaram/Chingleput) Tondainadu (N-Tamilakam) et.Kanchi,325 Tondaimandalam, post.Kanchipuram, Dramila Dyn.: c.190-325 Tondaiman c.325-897 Pallava

4.250

c.190

Tagadur (Darmapuri)

4.251

a.200-750

Alupa (Aluvakheda,Oloikhura/Tuluva,Karnataka) et.Udàyavara

4.252

p.200

4.253

a.250-606/19

4.254

325/45-1207/9

Chola (11. 407 )

dep.635-750 Badami (11.426)

4.255

? c.340-500p.

Kongu Vanavàsi (Vaijayanti) Badami(11.426) Dyn.: a.250-300 Chutu c.300-325 s.Pallava (9.123) a.325-606 Kàdamba ct.500p. Palasika (Hansi) dep.540 Badami Belgaum (Belagàon) Dyn.Kadamba Asmakas (Assakas) et.Potana

4.256

c.340

Avamuktu dep.c.350 Magadha (121)

4.257

c.340

Kauràla (Kurala) dep. e.350 Magadha (121)

4.258

c.340

Kusthalapura (N-Arkat) dep. e.350 Magadha (121)

4.259

c.340

Palakka (n.Nellur) dep. c.350 Magadha (121)

4.260

c.340

Punnata (SW-Maisur)

4.261

4.262

c.340/50-540

a.500

Gangavadi (S-Mai s ur) ct.Kolar, 450 Talakàd Dyn.Ganga Sovira et.Rosuka

87

4.271 - ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA

4.27-31

S o u t h

E a s t

A s i a

/

S ü d a s i e n

4.27-28

BC c.825-1060

MYAHMRR (BURMA)

4.271

BC C.825-AD 788

Arakan Arakan (13.112) ct.Dinnyawadi Dyn.: C.825-AD 146 Kan Yaza-kyi (legend.) 146-788 Sana Suriya

4.272

BC c.800-1000p.

Tagaung (Tagaing) Dyn.: C.800-AD 540 Abhi (Indian Räjas) AD c.540-1000p. Thado, t.: Räja ct.549 Mauroya (Mwe-yin)

4.273

BC 603-AD 1060

Pegu (Hamsavati) ct.Tha-htön

Pegu(13.113)

(SE-Indian) Dyn. Suvarna Bhumi

4.274-277

BC 484-AD 94

P y u

States / Staaten der Pyu

4.274

BC 484-AD 94

§ri Kshetra (Thaya Khettaya,Thare-khittara,Yathemyo Pyu) ct.443 Sri Kshetra (Hmawza/Prome)

4.275

AD a.10

Beikthano

4.276

AD a. 10

Halin

4.277

80/107-832

Tanpadipa (167: Arimaddana) Nanzhao(10.432) ct.: Tampadipa Hlut Kyun), 344 Siri Paccaya(Yon (Lawkananda,Thiri Pyitsaya)

4.278-284

BC 519-AD 1952

S h a n

States / Staaten der Shan

•traditional (doubtful) dates 4.278

*BC 519-

Möng Nai (Mone)

4.279

*BC 441-

Hsenwi

4.280

*BC 423/58-AD 1952

4.281

BC 58-AD 1796

Möng Kawng (Maw,Mogaung, 80-667? Pong,Udiri-rale) & Möng Yang (Mo-hyin)

4.282

BC 58- ?

Möng Pai (Mo-bye) II

4.283

AD 178-250?

88

Thibaw & Möng (Hsi Mit Paw,Ongpawng) (Monmeik)

Möng Mao (= 279?)

ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA - 4.297

4.284

a.200-550/1006

Dvaravati

Chenla,Angkor(13.362-363)

4.29

BC C.600-AD 1470

INDOCHINA

4.291

BC c.600-258

Van Lang Tongkingi293) (Liangguang,Tongking/N-Vietnam) Dyn. Hong Bang

4.292

4.293

a.300- ?

257-AD 249

Sukhodaya (Laos) Mon-Dyn. Tongking (Red River Valley)

China(2.132)

BC 257-AD 43 Au Lac (Tay au Lac, Xi Ou) "Lac (Lo)" = Hereditary Prince ct.Phong-khe n.Hanoi dep.: c.180-111 Nan Yue (Nam Viet,718) in prov.Giao-chi,Cuu-chan 111-AD 43 Imp.Han (2.132) AD 40-249 Period of rebell.dyn.against China

4.294

a.100-627

Funan (Mon) (Kurung Bnam = Mountain Kingdom/Cambodia) ct.Dmak(Temu,Vyadhapura)/n.Ba-phnom/Preiveng Dyn.: a.100-198 c.198-220 c.220-357/400 357/400-550/627 c.550-627

Kaundinya (Indian) P'an Fan Candan (Kaundinya) disintegration

4.295-296

192-800

C h a m p a

Kingdoms / Cham-Reiche

4.295

192-527

Lam-Ap (Linyi/Central Vietnam) iam-.flp(13.371) ct.: Indrapura (Truong Lam-Ap/Truong-kieu), 420 Champapura (Van Xa/n.Hue) 192-336 Dyn.I , dep.China (2.132) 336-420 Dyn.II 420-527 Dyn.Ill, dep.446 China

4.296

4.297

p.200-a.800

250-1000

Kauthara (Huan-wang/Khanh Hoa) ct. n.Nha Trang Muong Xonaka Angkor(13.363) Dyn. Chaeng-saen (Chiengsen/Mon)

89

4.301 - ANTIQUITY / SOUTH & SOUTH EAST ASIA

4.30

AD a.132-690

INDONESIA / INDONESIEN

4.301

a.132-435p.

Yava-dvipa (Cho-po,Yepoti,Yetiao/W-Java)

4.302

a.150-670

Palembang (Sumatra)

4.303

p.300-400p.

Kutai (E-Kalimantan)

4.304

a.430-600p.

Ho-lo-tan (Java)

4.305

a.450-a.690

Taruma (To-lo-mo/Java)

4.306

a.454-519p.

Kantoli (?Sumatra)

4.31

AD c.100-1260

Sri Vijaya(13.483)

Sri Vijaya(13.483)

MAXAYA & THAILAND

4.311

c.100-690

Langkasuka Sri Vijaya(13.483) (Langchia,Langyaxiu,Lochac/Perak,Malaya)

4.312

a.200-1260

Takkola (Talendp-pa Trong/S-Thail.) Sri Vijaya(13.483)

4.313

a.200-690

Tanibralinga (Danmeilu,Tamballsan) ct.Ligor ¿ri Vijaya{13.483)

4.314

p.300-700

Katala (Kalabar,Kalagan,Kalak/Kedah) Sri Vijaya(13.483)

90

ANTIQUITY / CENTRAL S NORTH ASIA - 4.417

4.4-5

CENTRAL & NORTHERN ASIA / ZENTRAL £ NÖRDLICHES ASIEN

4.41-50

C e n t r a l

4.41-42

A s i a

/

Z e n t r a l a s i e n

Transoxania, Steppe, Bactria

4.41

BC a.900-AD 995

TRANSOXANIA (Ma Wara'an-Nahr) & Steppe

4.411

BC a.900-AD 995

Choresmia Khwirizm(10.141) (Hoguo,Yue-kien,Kh'ärazm) ct.: Käth (?found.BC 1292), AD p.200 Toprak-kala semi-legend.Dynast.Siyavus c.540-330 Pers.prov.Suguda (Sogdia) p.330-200p. s.Bactria (422-423) p.200-AD 305 s.Sogdiana (413) AD c.305-995 Dyn. al-Afrig t.: Sah a.240-550 Sasanid supremacy (3.332)

4.412

a.700-140/30

4.413

BC p.250-AD 558

Sogdiaraa Tugue(10.183) (Afrasyab,Kangju,Marakanda,Sogd,Tsa-she/Zheshe) ct.: Marakanda (Jianshi,Marchanda,Samarqand), Kalai-Kakhkakha E-Sogd: dep.176-100p. Xiongnu (514) S-Sogd: dep.a.128-a.100 Yuezhi (Goatsi/Tokhars) a.lOO-a.AD 50 : 5 Yüezhi kingdoms, t.:Yabgu : So-dsui (So-hai/n. Karsi/§ahr-i-sab) Hu-bik (n.Bukhara) U-nik(nok) Ke O-kien (Aujian) AD c.50-408 s.Bactria (424) 430-454 Sasanid supremacy (3.332) c.450-558 Hua supremacy (425) a.500 disintegration

4.414

BC a.150

Yu-ni (Täsqant)

4.415

BC C.138-AD a.660 Fargana (Dayuan/Ta-wan,Ning Yuan)

4.416

BC a.100-50

Sakai (Sseuk,Scytho-Sarmatians) Issyk-Kul region, p.176 Sogdiana

Steppe Realms / Steppen-Reiche (Aral Region,N-Kazakhstan)

a.l00-c.50

4.417

BC

Aorsi (Am-ts'at,Matsjaka, Yancai)

c.50

Qianku (Aral Region)

C.50-AD c.60

Emsi Saka Tepe dyn. (n.äibargan)

Osun(431)

91

4.418 - ANTIQUITY / CENTRAL & NORTH ASIA

4.418

BC c.50

Buzhi

4.419

AD a.25

To-hui

4.42

4.421-424

4.421

BC a.700-AD 590

a.700-AD 558

a.700-540

(?Zihizhi/Xiongnu) (Taohuai/n.Fargana)

AFGHANISTAN

Bactria ct.Bactra

£

NORTH WEST-IRAN

(Balkh,Zariaspa)

Legend.dynasties : a.700-650p.Hushang p.650-540 Kavi

4.422

540-250/39

4.423

250/39-147/30

4.424

130/28-AD 600p. Alien domination / Fremdherrschaft 130/28-AD 10/20 Tokhars (413) Kushanas (181) AD 20/30-227 Kusan-Sâhî 227-360p. et.Marw,dep.Iran (3.332) a.370-457/468 Kidâras S-Bactria s.Iran (3.332) 468-600p.

4.425

AD a.430-558

Province of Empires : 540-330 Persia (3.331) 329-250/49 Makedon.-Seleukid Emp.(3.332) Graeco-Bactrian Kingdom 208 Seleukid invasion

Hua (Hephtal,White Huns,Yehtah) p.457 Bakhdi (Balkh) dep.430-454, 565-590 Persia 468- ? Pers.in S-Bactria

4.43-47

BC 206-AD 798

TURKESTAN

4.431-436

BC 206-AD 642

Northern Regions / Nordregionen

Tugue(10.183)

4.431

BC a.206-AD 642

Cheshi (N-Xinjiang) China(10.312) ct.Jiaohe (Gucheng,Jimasa,Jimsar) dep. AD 76-107, 153 Imp.Han (2.132) occup.131 by Xiongnu (514) dep.460-486 Ruan Ruan (516) 486 Gaoche (Dingling) center

4.432

BC C.180-AD 8

Osun (Wusun,?Asioi-Alans/NW) ct.Ôikkok dep.176-c.140, 50/35 Xiongnu (514) t.: Kunbi (c.70 division Great & Little Kunbi)

92

ANTIQUITY / CENTRAL & NORTH ASIA - 4.441

4.433

BC C.180-AD 552 Xi-yu (Chin.Westlands/Sinkiang) Tugue(10.183) 180/178-67/35 Xiongnu supremacy (514) 67/65-AD 44/107 Han supremacy: 36 protectorates AD 107-123/216? Xiongnu supremacy (514) 123-216 224-460 Chin.supremacy (Dyn.: Wei,285 Jin,382 Qian Qin, 386 Hou Liang,415?-4.. Song,442 Bei Wei, s.3.626,650-651,771) 460-521/552 Ruan Ruan (516)

4.434

BC a.121-71p.

Barkul (Bor,Po-li/W-Tianshan) dep. Xiongnu, c.40 Han

4.435

a.87

4.436

AD c.50

4.437-449

4.437

4.438

Pi-liok (Beilu/E-Tianshan) Imil

BC 176-AD 798 Lopnor & Turfan Region

BC a.176-AD 521 äercen Chinai3.624) (Kharlyq,BC 77 Loulan,post.Shanshan,Siensien) ct.Ule (Uni/Lopnor) dep.: BC 176Xiongnu (514) a.108- ? ,76/77-107,124- ? Imp.Han (2.132) 224-270 Wei (China,3.628) a.300-330 Kroraina dep. 382-414 Qian Qin (China,3.630) p.397-439 Bei Liang (Xiongnu,3.661) 447-460 Bei Wei (Tabgac,3.628) 460-521 Ruan Ruan (516) a. BC 108-AD 640 Turfan

(Gaochang,Zhuzhi,Qarakhodja,Qoco) China(10.312) dep.: BC 67-65,60-AD 10,48-73, 78-107,25-? Imp.Han (2.132) BC 64-60, AD 10-48,lllp.-125 Xiongnu (514) AD 382-414 Qian Qin (3.630) p.397-439 Bei Liang (Xiongnu) 447-460 Bei Wei (Tabgac, 3.624) 460-498 Ruan Ruan (516) 498-640 local dynast. dep. 521-530p. Bei Wei (3.628) p.562-630 Tuque (10.183) 630-640 Tang (10.312)

4.439

BC a.87-

Tan-hoan (Danxuan)

Yarkhoto(iìl)

4.440

BC a.87-

Ts'ia-bi (Jok-lip/Qiemi,Yuda valley) Yarkhoto(441)

4.441

BC a.74-60p.

Yarkhoto (Gusu,Jiaohe,Kü-shi)

93

4.442 - ANTIQUITY / CENTRAI. & NORTH ASIA

4.442

Hohu

4.443

Jok-lip-su

4.444

BC a.40

4.445

(Huhu,Kohu)

arkhoto(441)

(Yulishi)

Yarkhoto(441)

O-t'am-tsu-li (Wutancili/W-Gusu) dep.Xiongnu, 40 Imp.Han (2.132)

Yarkhoto(441)

Shao-wan

Öercen{437)

ct.U-ling 4.446

Ts'ia-boat

(Qiemo,Tsierbatana)

4.447

BC a.40-AD c.300 Tsing-tsoat

4.448

283/312-798

4.449-459

(Jingjue / Niya)

ñercen(A31) Öercen(437)

A§'a (Ach'ai,Minyag,Togon,Totukan,Tuihun,Tuyühun) ct.591 Fusicheng Dyn.Murong (Xianpi) dep.: 415 Song (3.771) occup.by: 445-446,VII.609-618/9,635-637,660-663 China 637/8, 663-665 Tibet (10.204)

BC 87-AD 562

Northern Tarim Region

4.449

BC a.87-AD 562

Agni (A-ki-ni,Qarasahr,Yanqi) Tugue(10.183) ct.Oan-ku (Yuanqu/?Sorcuk) dep.AD -94 Xiongnu (514) 94-107 Imp.Han (2.132) 382-386 Qian Qin (3.630) 386-403 Hou Liang (3.664) 403-439 Bei Liang (Xiongnu,2.661) 448-460 Bei Wei (3.628) 460-521 Ruan Ruan (516)

4.450

BC a.87-

Karakum

(Kalgan-aman,Weili)

ct.Wulei 4.451

BC a.87-

Kurla

4.452

BC a.87-

Shan

4.453

BC C.60-AD 200p. ßui-su

4.454

BC a.23-AD 78p.

(Chadir)

(Qorla,Quli,Ut-li,Weili)

AgnU449) Agni(449)

(Weixu, ?Öukur)

Uc-Turfan (Wensu)

Agrni (449) Agsu(453)

BC 23 s.Aqsu (457), occup. AD 78 by Imp.Han 4.455

a.0-200p.

4.456 4.457

AD c.10-125p.

94

Un-sok

(Wensuo)

Ut-t'ok (Weitou) Aqsu (Ko-bik/Gumo,Pohuan) ct.Lam (Nan/n.Aqsu) occup.c.10 by Un-sok (455) dep.78 Imp.Han (2.132)

Xu-tsi(458) Ku-tsi(458) Ku-tsi(458)

ANTIQUITY / CENTRAL & NORTH ASIA - 4.467

4.458

a.46-648

4.459

Ku-tsi (Guzan,Guzhar,Küsen,Qiuce) dep.: 46 Yarqand (Sojiu,461) 73-107 Imp.Han (protect.,2.132) 176-2.. Xiongnu (514) 224-270 Wei (China,3.628) 382-397p. Qian Qin (China,3.630) p.397-439 Bei Liang (Xiongnu) 448-460 Toba (Bei Wei,3.628) 460-521 Ruan Ruan (516) D2a-kiong (Altyntagh/SE)

4.46-47

BC a.125-AD 648

Khotan & Kashgaria (S-Turkestan)

4.461

BC a.125-AD 648 Khotan China(10.312) (Gostana,Hvam-ksira,Hvatana,Hetian,Ilei,Jiusadanna,Yotkan,Yutian) ct.Khotan (Xicheng) dep. BC 65Han, -AD 70 Xiongnu(514) 73-107 , 224-270 China (Wei) 445-470 471-502 502-550 565-631 632-648

Ag'a (Tuyuhun,448) Ruan Ruan (516) Hua (425) Tuque (10.183) China (10.312)

4.462

BC a.100-AD 200p. Ku-lik (Qule) ct.Kien-to (Jiandu)

4.463

BC a.100-AD 648

4.464

a.25-200p.

4.465

-200p.

4.466

4.467

Yarqand (Sa-ku/Sojiu) Saka dyn. dep.BC 65-AD 88 Imp.Han (2.132) AD 61Khotan (461) 635-648 China (10.312)

Khotan (461)

China(10.312)

Diong-lo (Ronglu) ct.Bipin

Khotan(461)

Pin-diong

Khotan (461)

a.25-200p.

Pishana (Pi-san,Posan/Pamir) ct. Pi

Khotan(461)

a. 25-200p.

U-bi (Yumi/Keria-darya)

Khotan (461)

95

4.468 - ANTIQUITY / CENTRAL & NORTH ASIA

4.468-479

AD 73-694

K a s h g a r i a Kalkar (Solik/Shulei,post.Kancak) Saka dyn. 73 Kutsi (454) dep. : 73-107,130Imp.Han (2.132) 632-670 China (10.312) 670-694 s.Tibet (10.204)

China(10.312)

4.468

AD a.73-670/94

4.469

p.107-200p.

Dsu-ling

Kasgar (468)

4.470

p.107-200p.

Gu-sa

Kasgar(468)

4.471

p.107-200p.

Hiu-siu

Kasgar (468 )

4.472

p.107-200p.

Ik-dzhok (Yiruo)

Kasgar(468)

4.473

p.l07-200p.

K'im (Qin)

Kasgar(468)

4.474

p.107-200p.

Po-li

4.475

p. 107-200p.

Si-ja (Sik-ki-pan,Tsuhap/Kukjar,Lusha,Xiye,?Inai) Kasgar (4 68) ct.Ho-kien

4.476

a.200-750p.

Kat-sik

4.477

(Buli,K'at-pan-t'o/Garband/Serikol) Kasgar (468)

(Jieshi,Kasi,?Kas)

Kasgar (4 68)

Kiep (Kap/n.lake Tarkul)

Kasgar (4 68)

4.478

-200p.

Kuan-tok (Juandu/Region Alai)

Kasgar (468)

4.479

-200p.

Tsing-tiong (Zhenzhong)

Kasgar (468)

4.48-49

4.481

96

BC 800-AD 562

BC p.800-AD 562

KASHMIR

S N-Pakistan / NE-Afghanistan

Gandhara (Kantolo) ct.Paskapuros (Peshawar), Udabhanda p.800-530 Gandharas a.530-360 s.Persia (3.331) 326-317 Makedon.Empire (2.322) 317/05-183 s.Magadha (121) 183-80/39 s.Taxila (483) 163-100p. Sub-kings in Gandhara occup.by: 80/70-53 Sakas (181) c. 53-49p.Parthians 48-38 Sakala (181) BC 38-AD 36 Sakas (satraps of Chukhsa) AD c.36-60 E-Parthia (483) p.60-360p. s.Bactria (424) 350/8 Pers.invasion c.412-477p. Kidarits p.477-562 Hephtalites (Napki)

ANTIQUITY / CENTRAL & NORTH ASIA - 4.488

4.482

BC p.800-317p.

Khamboja ct.Rajapura (Rajaori)

Magadha(121)

4.483

BC a.326-AD 629

Taxila (Takshasila/Sind Sagar Doab) Kashmir(11.911) ct.Taxila/Sirkap, AD c.80 Taxila/Sirsukh dep.: 326-317 Makedon.Empire (2.322) c.310-183 s.Magadha (121) 183-90/80 Graeco-Bactrian kings 90/80-AD 25 Sakas dep.c.53-48 E-Parthia 49-38 s.Sakala (181) p.38-AD 25 Chuksa Satraps in E-Panjab c.25-78 E-Parthia (Gondophares,Sakastan) 78-356 Kusanas (181) 356-390 s.Persia (3.332) 390-a.629 s.Gandhara (481)

4.484

BC c.175-75

Pushkalàvati (W-Gandhara) Graeco-Bactrian kings

4.485

BC c.130-400p.

Tokhara (Ta-ha)

Taxila(483)

AD 45-240 45-78

Kusanas (Tohari,Yuezhi) 5 Yabgu (xihou/satraps) in : Hiubit (Xiumi),ct.Ho-bik (n.Yarqand) Shang-bi (Shuangmi/?Chitral) Kui-song (Guishuang/Kushana) ct.Ho-tsao It-tok (Xidun), ct.Pok-mao Ko-hu (Dumi) p.78-24Op. United kingdom p.240-290 s.Persia (3.332) p.290-390 Kusànsahr, indep.Kusanas p.390-400p. dismemberment : Ka-poe , ct.Ho-bik Tsiet-siet-bok-sun, ct.Shangbi Gim-tun (Qiandun), ct.Ho-tsao Hut-tik-ka(?Feidisha), ct.Pokmao Jem-p'u-at(Yanfuye), ct.Ko-hu

4.486

BC p.130-AD 700

Kapisa (Kepin,Qipin/Bagràm,Kafiristàn) ct.Sun-sien (Xunxian) Kabul(10.112) BC c.130-AD 60 éakas AD c.250 destroyed by Sasanids (3.332) c.460-515 Hephtalites (Napik) 515-560 s.Persia (3.332) 10 vasall states, i.a. : Gandhara (481), Lampaka(493), Nagarahara(494)

4.487

BC a.100-

Hui-sun (Huixun,?§ignan/W-Pamir) Saka dyn.

4.488

-AD 200p. I-nai

(Iling) s.475

97

4.489 - ANTIQUITY / CENTRAL & NORTH ASIA

4.489

AD 56-513

Kashmir Dyn.: 56-290 c.290-392 c.392-481 c.481-513p. 515-530

Gonanda (Gonandiya) I Gupta (Aditya) Vijaya Gonanda II Hephtalites(Hunas)domination

4.490

a.379-p.640

Bannu (Falana,Pan-nu-tso,Poonch) dep.: Kapisa (486) c.600 Kashmir

4.491

a.390-720p.

Udyàna (O-sha,Otiang,Uddiyana,Wuchang) (Kohistan) dep.Kashmir (489) Kapisa(486)

4.492

p.390

Wakhan (Hobit,Hwok-k'an,p.400 Pot-ho) ct.Sik-ka-sim (Iskasim)

4.493

a. 560

Lanpàka (Lagman,Lan-po/Wakhan)

Kapisa(486)

4.494

a.560

Nagarahara (fialalabad)

Kapisa(486)

Txk-d2ok

4.495

4.50

BC 300-AD 618

(Deruo,?Karac,Sarikol)

TIBET (incl.Ladakh)

4.501

BC c.300-AD 470

Zotang (Yarlung) Dyn.Tubo

4.502

AD a.100

Kushu (Ladakh)

4.503

3..-618

Dagpo

4.504

3..-618

Naspo

4.505

3. .-618

Nyang (?Myang)

4.506

3..-618

Phanyul (Chams)

4.507

3..-618

Pyin-gul

4.508

c.470-600p.

98

Kashmir(11.922)

Shangshung

(Tibet,Qinghai,W-Sichuan)

Tijbe t ( 10. 2 0 4 )

ANTIQUITY / CENTRAL & NORTH ASIA - 4.516

4.51

4.511

4.512

NORTHERN ASIA / NÖRDLICHES ASIEN

BC C.750-AD 3..

BC 3..-209

Scytha (N-Iranians) in Turgai,N-Turkestan,West Siberia Dong-hu (Tungus) in E-Mong.,W-Manchuria Xiongnu

4.513 4.514

BC 3..-346

Puyo

BC C.250-AD 279

in Manchuria

(514)

Qian ran (3.676)

Xiongnu (Huns) Mongolia, North China, South Siberia

BC 2..-AD 123/155 Northern Confederation Xianpi(515) AD 48-279 Southern hordes Bei Han(3.627) in Gansu,Inner Mongolia 48 : 8 hordes, 215/6 : 5 hordes

4.515

AD c. 54-285

4.516

p.270-556

Xianpi Manchuria, 123 Mongolia, Siberia 123-233/50 Empire 250 disintegration

Ruan i?uan(516)

Ruan Ruan (Jou Jan,Juan Juan) Tugue(10.183) Mongolia, North China, S-Siberia,Turkestan ct.Dunxiang 425, 429, 449 Wei invasions (3.624)

99

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.121

5

A F R I C A ,

5.1

E U R O P E

A F R I C A

/

, A M E R I C A

A F R I K A

5.11-15 BC a.3100-AD 642

EGYPT / ÄGYPTEN

5.111-112

Before unification / Vor der Vereinigung Lower & Upper Egypt / Unter & Ober-Ägypten

3100-2850

5.111

a.3100-2850

Birto (Tall al-Fara'in) ct.Sals (Lower Egypt/W-Nile Delta)

5.112

a.3100-2850

Suten-Henen (Nekhen/Nakheb al-Kab) Upper Egypt/Ober-Ägypten

5.113-152

c.2850-30

Royal Dynasties / Königs-Dynastien :

5.113

c.2850-2150

Dyn.I-V ct.Thinis (Abydos),c.2630 Men-Nefer (Memphis) c.2530-2150 Old Kingdom / Altes Reich

5.114

c.2150-2134

Dyn.VII-VIII

5.115

c.2134-2040

Dyn.IX-X ct.Nekhen (Hierakleopolis)

5.116

c.2150-1786

Dyn.XI-XII ct.Weset (Thebes/Qarna),1986 Ittani(al-Faiyum), 1789 Neter-hwt-Sebek (Krokodeilonpolis) c.2040-1786 Middle Kingdom / Mittleres Reich

5.117-121

1786-1552

Divided Egypt / Geteiltes Ägypten

5.117

1786-1633

Dyn.XIII (Upper-Egypt/Ober-Ägypten) ct.Weset (Thebes) dep.1650-1633 Hyksos (119)

5.118

1786-1603

Dyn.XIV (Lower Egypt/Unter-Ägypten) ct.Saha (Xoïs)

5.119-120

1709-1550

H y k s o s

5.119

1709-1545

Dyn.XV Nile Delta ct.1694/60 Avaris (Tanis, Uaris, biblical Zoan)

5.120

1667-1550

Dyn.XVI Nile Delta, s.1659 total Egypt

5.121

c.1655-1552

(Heqa-hase/Hurri)

Dynast.XVII (Upper Egypt) ct.Weset (Thebes)

101

5.122 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

5.122-124

1552-1070

New Kingdom / Neues Reich

5.122

1552-1306

Dyn.XVIII ct.: Weset, 1359-1346 Akhetaton (Tall al-Amarna)

5.123

XII.1306-1186

5.124

1186-1089

Dyn.XX ct.Pi Ramesse

5.125-151

1100-525

Divided Egypt / Geteiltes Ägypten

5.125

1100-945

Heset (Thebes) t.: High Priest

5.126

1100-715

Dyn.XXI-XXII (Lower Egypt/Unter-Ägypten) ct.Zäni (Sahan,Sa'nu,Tanis,) 946-715 Dyn.XXII 700-657 local kings s.146

5.127

818-780

Dyn.XXIII (Upper Egypt/Ober-Agypten) ct.Taremu (Leontopolis/Tall Muqdäm)

5.128

780-656

Dyn.XXV (Nubians) ct.Weset (Thebes)

Dyn.XIX ct.: Weset (Thebes), 1270 Pi Ramesse(Ramses City/Qantir,Tall al-Dab'a) 1227,1194,1198 Mazata(Masawasa)invasion in W-Delta

5.129-155

c.950-525

5.129

c.950-948/731 Pu-Bastit (Bubastis/Tall Basta) 948-760? s.Tanis (126)

5.130

c.940-630

Khanebsu (Herakleopolis parva, Khinisi/Tall Balim) dep.940-749 Dyn.XXII(126), 663-656 Assur t.: 749 Sarru (king)

5.131

c.936-525

Neter (Sais/Sa al-Hagar) c.936-727 Libu Chiefs 727-715/4 Dyn.XXIV 715/4-664 Proto-Sait dyn.(Ammeris) parts occup.p.712-a.672 by.Dyn.XXV 664-525 Dyn.XXVI (Psammetik)

5.132

c.866/1-656

5.133

c.830-665

5.134

c.820-655

102

Local Princes / Lokale (Gau-)Fürsten

Sabnuti (Sebennytos,Thebnuti/Samannud) t.: 669 §arru (king)

Sais(131)

Paba-neptet (Mendes,Pi-binibdidi/Tall Ruba) Sals(131) Horbeit (Pharbaitos/Sodnu,E-Delta) dep.c.820-XII Dyn.

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.155

5.135

c.815-630

Hatoherab

5.136

c.810-650

Per-user-Beteb (Busiritea/Abu Sir Bana) ct.Busiris

5.137

c.754-660

Hemennu (Hermopolis magna,Himuni,Khmunu/Eshmunen)

5.138

c.740-660

Pi-Sobd(u) (Pisabtu/Saft al-Hanna)

5.139

c. 720

Deminhor (Henttupolis parva)

(Athribis,Hathiribi,Kemwer/Benha) Sals(131)

5.140

720- ?

Hap (Nilopolis)

5.141

720- ?

Hent-Nefer (Onuphis)

5.142

c.720- ?

Khem (Letopolites,Sohem, Sokhmit/Ausim)

5.143

720-6..

Pergarer (Arsinoites,Phragroriopolites) ct.Pithom (Heroopolis/Tall al-Maskhata)

5.144

720- ?

Sa

5.145

720- ?

Sakha (Hau, Xois/n.Qafr as-5aykh)

5.146

720-669p.

Tenremu (Leontopolites/Tall al-Muqdam) Eastern Delta (Natho I)

& Hisawi

5.147

c.700-657

Sa'nu (Tanis)

5.148

a. 669

Pa-Sept (Faqus,Phacusa)

5.149

a.669

Natho (II/Tall al-fiakhudiya)

5.150

a. 669

Pakhnuti t.: Sarru (king)

5.151

a.669

Panub (Punubu) t.: Sarru (king)

5.152

a.669

Sxjautu (Lykopolis/Assiut)

5.153

a.669

Sile (Si'nu)

5.154

a.669

Therein! this (Pikhattikhurunpikki/Kom Abu Billu) t.: sarru

5.155

a.669-655

Thinites (Syites,Tajani/Upper Egypt) ct.Thinis, Ptolemais Hermou

Sals(131)

103

5.156 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

5.156

651-AD 641

Egypt united / Ägypten geeint Caliphate(9.113) ct.: Neter(Sals),398 Paba-Neptet(Mendes), 378 Sabnuti,304 Alexandria 651-525 525-404 404-398

Dyn.XXVI (330) Dyn.XXVII (Pers.Achaimenids,341) Dyn.XXVIII s.463 rebell.in Neter(Sais) a.4 08 Pers.governor 398-378 Dyn.XXIX 378-343/1 Dyn.XXX , 343-341 in Edfu 343-332 Dyn.XXVII (Pers.Achaimenids) restored 332-323 Makedon.Empire (2.121) 323-30 Dyn.XXI (Ptolemees) BC 30-AD 395 Roman province 395-641/2 Byzantine province

5.16-17

BC 2300-AD 340

RUSH & ETHIOPIA

5.161-173 BC 2300-AD 340

K u s (Nubia/Sudan)

5.161

c.2300-2150

Yam (Trading Kingdom/Middle Sudan)

5.162

c.2250-1531

Kenna (Nubia)

5.163

a.2270-1970

Artheth (Irtet)

5.164

c.2050-1750

Buhen (Wadi Halfah)

5.165

Amam

5.166

Kasu

Kus(171)

Kerma(162)

(E-Sudan)

5.167

a.2000

Me§alu (Medjay)

5.168

a.2000

Satiu (Sethu)

5.169

Kerma(162)

Tathem (Themeh)

5.170

a.2000-1531

5.171

1531-1070

Kua ct.Buhen, Maniba Egypt.viceroys

5.172

1075-590/300

Napata (Kus) ct.Napata (Nept, Merawi) p.590-300 relig.center (destroyed 23/21 BC)

104

Wawat (Lower Nubia/Middle Sudan)

ifus(171)

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.185

5.173

542-AD 340

Meroe (Kus) ct.Meroe BC 23/22 Roman invasion N-Sudan : AD 193-217 occup. by Roma (332) 320-350 disintegration SE Region : 340 occupied by Aksum (183)

5.174-176 BC 2150-AD 400

E t h i o p i a

5.174

Punt ct.Aksum, 8.. Ku'bar Egypt (126) dominated by : 1080-990 990-900? Saba (Yaman) 900-a.525 Kus (171-173)

a.2150-a.525

5.175

5.176

AD 150/60-375/400

5.181-186

5.182

Ä t h i o p i e n

9..-AD 150/60 (Ancient) Ethiopia Legend, dyn. Solomon I

5.18-19

5.181

/

BC 950-AD 750

950-12

c.950-12

814-146

Aksum{116)

Aksum c.375-400 disintegration

M a à r i b , Libya & West Africa

City States in Tunisia / Stadtstaaten in Tunesien Utica (NE-Tunisia) Roma{332) dep. c.350-149 Karthago (182) 146-12 ct.Roman prov.Africa 36 civitas libera, dep.Roma

Karthago (NE-Tunisia) Roma{332) ct.Karthago (Qartadast) t.: a.750-p.600 King, dep.Tyros (3.263) p.600-146 2 äofetim (Suffeten)

5.183

a.310-46

Hadrumetum (E-Tunesia) dep.310-149 Karthago (182) 146-46 oppidum liberum, dep.Roma

5.184

a.310-46

Thapsus (n.Tunis) Roma(332) dep.310-149 Karthago (182) 146-46 civitas libera, dep.Roma

5.185

146-30p.

Leptis (minor) civitas libera, dep.Roma

Roma(332)

Roma{332)

105

5.186 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

5.186

146-46

Lesser Free Cities in Tunisia, dep.Roma Achulla Theudatis Uzalis (Usalitani (al-Alia)

5.187-194 BC C.624-AD 647

L i b y a

5.187-192

c.624-75

Cyrenaica

5.187-190

c.624-75

City States / Stadtstaaten (Pentapolis)

5.187

c.624-75

Kyrene BC 624-460 Thera dyn.Battos, t.: King c.460-331 Democracy 331-323 s. Makedon Empire (2.322) 323-322 local ruler (Thibron) 322-313 S.Egypt (156) 313-246 local rulers, t.: 271 King dep.313-309,301-275 Egypt (156) 246-205 S.Egypt (155) 205-204 local ruler (Philemon) 204-163 163-96 Ptolemeen kingdom, dep.Egypt 145-116 s.Egypt (156) 96-75 local rulers, 92 tyrannis BC 75/74-AD 395 Roman prov.Cyrenaica

5.188

c.550-75

Barke (Barca,Ptolemais/al-Marg) dep.525 Pers.Egypt (156) occup.512, 484 by Pers.Egypt 483p.-331 Republic 331-96 s.Kyrene (187)

5.189

483-75

Apollonia (Sozusa) 31-309, 301-96 s.Kyrene (187)

5.190

p.460-75

Euesperides (Berenike, Hesperis) 331-309, 301-96 s.Kyrene (187)

5.191

p.460-75

Teucheira (Arsinoe) 331-309, 301-96 s.Kyrene (187)

5.192

5.193

106

75/4-647

a.500-46/AD a.100

Roman/ Byzant. prov. Cyrenaica ct.297 Ptolemais (Tolmetha) Leptis Magna (Lepcis/Tripolitania) dep.: a.500-202 Karthago (187) 202-111 Numidia (196) 111-46 Independent City State t.: 2 Sofetim (Suffeten) 46-a.l00 dep.Roma (332)

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.199

5.194

a.450-20p.

Phazzania ct.Garama

(Fazzàn)

5.195-199 BC 241-AD 429

N u m i d i a (Algeria,Tunisia)

Vandals

5.195

a.241-111/05

Massyli (Berber confederation) ct.Cirta, 193-105 in S-Tilimsan t.: King, dep.a.241-201 Karthago (182)

5.196

220-191

5.197

BC 118-AD 429

Masaesyli (Berber confederation) et.Siga,Areta, t.: King dep.220-201 Karthago(182)

Numidia 118-52p.

W-Numidia dep.105- ? Mauretania (194) 118-AD 42 E-Numidia, dep.30-25 Roma (332) AD 42-429 Roman provinces : Africa Nova, Numidia, 44 Mauretania Caesarensis

5.198

BC a.206-AD 429

5.199

AD c.350-750

Mauretania (Morocco) Vandals ct.Iol (BC 25p.: Caesarea/Cherchel) a.100-38 division : E & W Mauretania (Tingis) AD 42-363/429 Roman prov. (Mauretania Tingitana) 363-410p. indep. Berber princes

(Ancient) Ghana (Mauretania,Senegal) ct.Kumbi (Mauret.), Auker (Wagadu) Serer dyn. Sarakhole

107

5.211 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE 5.2-6 5.2-4

5.2

E U R O P E

/

Mediterranean Regions

BC 850-AD 395

E U R O P A /

GREECE / GRIECHENLSND

5.21

C.850-AD 267

P e l o p o n n e s

5.211

c.850-146

Megara c.850-7.. 7..-640 p,640-590 590-424

5.213

a.800-146

a.500-AD 267

(incl.Epeiros/Albania)

Achaia(213)

392-3.. dep.3..-338 338-308 308-286 286-276 276-243 243-224 224-192 192-146

Kingdom Oligarchy Tyrannis Aristocrat.Republ. dep.459-446 Athenai (221) Oligarchy dep.424-394 Sparta (215) Democratic Republic Sparta (215) s.Makedonia (223) various diadochs independent s.Makedonia (223) Achaian league (213) Boiotian league (244) Achaian league (213)

Phlious p.300-2.. 2..-228 225-146

Oligarchy Tyrannis Achaian League (213)

424-392

5.212

Mittelmeer-Regionen

Achaia(213)

Achaia Makedonia(223) a.500-146 Achaian Koinon (league,confederacy) : a.500-322 League / Bund I members: Aigai Helike (-373) Rhypes Aigeira Olenos Aigion Patrai post.: Boura Pellene Keryneia Dyme Pharai Leonton 280-146 League / Bund II ct.Korinthos, Argos headed by 2 strateg., s.255 1 strategos 251: Sikyon(216) 229: Athenai memb.280: Dyme Patrai 243: Epidauros 225: Argos(214) Pharai Korinthos (222) Hermione Triteia Megara (211) Phlious 275: Aigion Trezene 192: Sparta Boura 235: Orchomenos/Arkadia Keryneia 234: Megalopolis BC 146-AD 267 Roman Period BC 146-46 s. prov.Macedonia (223) ? 46-27 civitas libera ? BC 27-AD 267 prov. Achaea AD 67-72 civitas libera

108

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.218 5.214

a.750-146

5.215

C.785-AD 20Op.

5.216

a.700-146

5.217

a.700-48

Argos a..750-•675 c..675-•480 c..480-•370 393-•387 c..370-•350 c,.350-•317 317-•303 303-•290 c..290-229 229- 223 223-•197/6 197/6-•195 195-•146

a.700-146

f213)

Lakedaimon (Sparta) Achaia(213) ct.Sparta c.785-219 Kingdom (dual monarchy) 219-192 Tyrannis 192-147 Achaean League (213) 147-AD 200p. Sparta civitas libera dep.Roma, c.30-7/2 tyrannis Elis Achaia(213) a.700-570 Pisa a.570-472 Eloi 472-272 Elian Confederation ct. 471 Elis 400-371 Peloponnese league 367-196 Aitolian League (245) 271-2. . Tyrannis 2..-191 191-146 Achaean league (213) 146-3Op. civitas libera, dep.Roma Sikyon a.700-656 c.656-556 556-369 369-367 367-366 366-281

281-264 264-251 251-146 146-48 5.218

Achaia

Kingdom Tyrannis Aristocrat.Republic s.Korinthos (222) Tyrannis Democrat.Republic s.Makedonia (223) Diadoch rule (Demetrios) Tyrannis Achaean League (213) s.Makedonia (223) s.Sparta (215) Achaean League (213)

Achaia(213)

Oligarchy Dyn.Orthagoras Tyrannis dep.Sparta (215) (236) s.Thebai Democracy Tyrannis dep.: 335-309/281 Makedonia (223) 309-303 Egypt (156) Democracy Tyrannis Achaean League (213) civitas libera, dep.Roma

Messenia Achaia(213) a.700-724/3 Kingdom (Aipyt.dyn.) 735/15-685/4 s.Sparta (215) 685/4-668 Independent (Aristomenes) 668-371 s.Sparta (215) 369-30 Republic, ct.Messene 191-146 Achaean League (213) 146-30 civitas libera, dep.Roma

109

5.219 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

5.219

a.560-462/0

Tiryns

Argos(214)

5.22-25

BC 752-AD 200

Central, Northern £ Hestern Greece / Zentral-, Nord- & West-Griechenland

5.221

BC 752-AD 200p.

Athenai (Athens/Attika)

Achaia(213)

752-338 Independent Polis (City Republic) 752-560 Aristocracy 560-510 Tyrannis 508-322 Democracy 480-479 Persian occupation (3.331) 477-404 Center of Attic League occup.404 by Sparta (215) 404-403 Oligarchy 338-229 Makedon. hegemony (223) 318-307,262-229 Makedon.direct rule 322-318,307-297,294-262 : Oligarchy 297-294 Tyrannis 229-86 Independent Polis 229-146 Achaean League(213) 146-AD 200p. civitas libera, dep.Roma 88-86 Tyrannis 5.222

a.736-146

5.223-233 BC 700-AD 395

5.223

Korinthos Achaia(213) a.736-660 Kingdom 657-540 Tyrannis c.540-404 Oligarchy 404-338 Tyrannis 338-308/252 dep.Makedonia (223) 308-301a. Egypt (156) 252-243 Tyrannis 243-146 Center of Achaean League

M a k e d o n i a & Pieria, Chalkidike, Thermian Gulf

BC c.700-AD 395/527 Makedonia Byzantium(9.112) ct.: Aigai((Edessa),413 Pella,294 Demetriae c.700-167 167-148

Kingdom , dep.513-479 Persia 4 Republics : Amphipolis, p.l48-30p. civ.lib. Pelagonia (224) Pella Thessalonika BC a.58-AD c.250 civitas lib. BC 148-AD 297 Roman prov. Macedonia ct.Thessalonika AD 297-337 Roman dioecesis Moesia in Praef.Illyricum 337-527 Praefect.praet.Illyrici 369-395 Roman dioecesis Macedonia

110

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.233

5.224

a.495-148

Upper Makedonia / Ober-Mazedonien (NW) 148-50p. Macedonia libera* dep.Roma a.495-148 a. 437-357

*Elimeia s.Epiros(387 Amphipolis Makedonia(223) dep.: Athenai (223) 424-422 Sparta (215) 362-359 Makedonia (223) Deuriopos 424-263 *Lynkos (Lynkestis) c.400-148 *Orestis 167-148p.*(Herakleia) Pelagonia (223)

5.225-233

a.700-190

Chalkidike (Chersonnesos), Pieria & Thermian Gulf Cities

5.225

a.700-354

Methone dep.430-414p. Athenai(221)

5.226

c.650-347

Makedonia(223) Olynthos c.650-479 Bottiai rule 479-348 Greek City dep.479-432 Athenai (221) 432-379 Head of Chalkid.League (32 places)

5.227

561-338

Chalkidike (Chersonesos) Makedonia(223) 561-447 Confederation: Aigospotamoi,Alopekonnesos, Elaios, Krithote, Madytos, Sestos, dep.: 493-469 Persia (3.331) 476/69-405 Athenai (s.476 in Sestos) 405-394p. Sparta (215) 388-387 Athenai (221) 387-a.367 independent a.367-365 Persia (3.331) 365/4-338 Athenai (221)

5.228

5.229 5.230

a.452-30p.

-C.350

a.452-3..

Makedonia(223)

Ainos dep.452-435 Athenai (221) p.190 ct.Rhodope 190-30p. civitas libera, dep.Roma Apollonia

Makedonia(223)

Dikaia dep.452-435 Athenai (221) Makedonia(223)

5.231 a.424-356

Galepsos Makedonia(223)

5.232 -356

Krenides (Philippoi) Makedonia(223)

5.233 a.424-c.350

Oisyme (post.Emathia?)

111

5.234 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

5.234-243

BC 700-30p.

T h e s s a l i a

5.234

c.700-370

Thessal.(Military) League members : Gyrton Pharkadon Phalanna & 215-218 Trikka

5.235

c.700-146

Larissa 369/344-196 s.Makedonia (223) 196-146 independent

5.236

c.590-420

Krannon

5.237

C.590-AD 42p. Pharsalos Makedonia(223) 440-405, 346-323 Thessal.hegemon dep.395-394 Larissa (235) 394 Sparta (215) 369-364 Pherai (239) 352-196 Makedonia (223) 367-196 Aitol.League (249) 196-146p. Independent Thessal.League BC 48-27 AD, 42- civitas libera

5.238

a.424-147

5.239

404-352

Makedonia(223)

Pherai (239)

Herakleia (Trachis/S) Pherai

Makedonia(223)

5.240

a.396-30p.

Skotuasa 367-352 s.Pherai (239) 352-2.. s.Makedonia (223) 146-30p. civitas libera, dep.Roma (332)

5.241

c.375-231

Phtiotis

5.242

344-86p.

5.243-246

a.700-146

5.243

a.700-235

5.244

667-146

5.245

a.550-207

112

Dolopes (Tribal league) 205-168 dep.Makedonia (223) 168-86p. civitas libera

A r k a d i a Orchomenos a.700-668 Kingdom 668-550 Oligarchy 550-370 s.Sparta (215) 367-235 Aitolian League (249)

Makedonia(223) Roma(332)

Achaia(213) Achaia (213)

Megalopolis Achaia(213) 370-362 Center of Arkadian League 323-235 Tyrannis 234-146 member Achaean League (213) 223 occupied by Sparta (215) Tegea 228-222, 218-207 s.Sparta (215) 222-218 Achaean League (213)

Achaia(213)

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.251

5.246

a.468-233

Mantineia

Achaia(213)

5.247

5..-146

Akarnania 312-252

floma (332) Akarn.City League (koinon) ct.Stratos occup. by Epeiros, Aitol.League (E) City League in W-Akarnania ct.: Leukas, s.167 Thyreion dep.197-146 Roma

252-230 230-14 6

5.248-250

a.550-229

Boiotia / Böotien

5.248

a.550-338

Period of Leagues / Periode der Ligen a.550-479 1.Boiot.League (koinon) : Anthedon Orchomenos/Boit. Haliartos Plataiai Kopai Tanagra Koroneia Thebai (Thebes) Lebadeia Thespiai 479-456 456-447 446-386 383-379 379-338

Thebai supremacy Athen.supremacy (221) 2.Boiot.League (koinon) s.Sparta (215) 3.Boiot.League (koinon) ct.379-364 Orchomenos/Boiot. 371-362 Hegemon in Greece

5.249

338-146

5.250

146-AD 168p.Civitates liberae, dep.Roma (332) :

Alien Domination / Fremde Vorherrschaft 338-334p. dep.Athenai (221), 335 destroyed p.334-301/29lp. dep.Makedonia (223) 245-229 Aitolian League (249)

146-AD 138p. 146-30p. a.88 47-AD 138p.

5.251

4..-30

Achaia{213)

Plaitaiai Tanagra Lebadeia Thespiai

Roma Roma Roma Roma

Roma(332) Aitolia 4..-3.. petty kings / Klein-Könige 367-189 Aitolian League (koinon) ct.Thermon , annual strategos 189-30 civitas libera

113

5.261 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

5.26-29

5.261

BC 1100-AD 826

A r c h i p e l a g o s / Griechische Inselwelt

p.1100-AD 9Op. Rhodos p.1100-418

Roma(332) City kings / Stadtkönige in : Ialysos, Kameiros, Lindos, Tripolis 418-AD 9Op. Republic (headed by: Hieropoios/Sun Priest & 5-6 secular officials,t.: Prytanis) ct.408/7 Rhodos dep.: 418-410/04 376-357 357 353 334-323 168-AD 9Op.

Athenai (221) Attic League Karia (3.483) Persia (3.331) Makedon.Empire (223) civitas libera dep.Roma(332) 44-53, 72-80/1 Roman admin. 277 earthquake (Koloss destroyed)

5.262

BC a.800-416

Melos (Kyklades)

Athenail221)

5.263-266 BC 7..-24

Crete / Kreta

5.263

Cities in Central Region : Arkades Biannos Dreros Eltynaia Gortyna Knossos

5.264

Roma

Lato Phaestos (BC 2 s.Gortyna) Lebena Olous Lyttos(destr.220) Rhaukos (BC 2 s.Rhossos) Malia Rhizenia Milatos Tylissos (BC 2 s.Knossos)

Cities in

Eastern Region :

Hierapytna Istron (BC 2 s.Hierapytna) Itanos dep. 250/220 Egypt (156) 5.265

Cities in

Olenos Praisos Priansos

Amnisos

Western Region :

Allaria Anapolis Apollonia(-164Gortyna) Aptera Aradena Axos Eleutheria Elyros

114

(332)

Gavdos Hyrtakina Kantanos Kassanos Kydonia (-67) Lappa Lissos

Phalasarna Phoenix Polidna Polyrrhenia Rithymna Sybrita Tarrha

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.268

5.266

BC p.260-AD 826

Hellenistic, Roman 4 Byzant.Crete 3 City leagues: Gortyna,Knossos,Phaestos Hegemon : a.252/0, a.221-200,150-? c.250-a.221, c.200-150

Knossos Gortyna

67-395 Roman.prov. -295/7 Crete S Kyrene 295/7-337 s.Moesia 337-527 s.Illyricum (399) (praef.praetorio Illyrici,Italiae,Africae) 395-826 Byzant.prov.

5.267

a.700-AD c.70

Chios a.700 Kingdom, Oligarchy,Tyrannis dep. 512-479 Persia (3.331) 479-412, 378-357 Athenai (221) 189-C.70 civitas libera, dep.Roma

5.268

a.700-AD 395

Sanos a.700-625 c.625-600/590 600/590-5.. 5..-538 538-516 516-499 499-494/3 493-480 480-479 479-405

Roma(332)

Byzantium(9.112) Kingdom Republic Tyrannis Democracy Tyrannis, dep.522 Persia s.Persia (3.331) Tyrannis (independent) s.Persia (3.331) independent dep.Athenai (223) 441/39 Democracy, 412/411 indep.,408 autonom. 405-394 s.Sparta (215) 394-387 Republic 387-366 s.Persia (3.331) 365-205 Autonom. dep. : 302-280 Diadochs (Demetrios,Lysimachos) 280-205 Egypt (156) 205-198 s.Makedonia (223) 198-188 s.Rhodos (261) 188-132 civitas libera dep.186-135 Pergamon (3.466) 135-132 Roma (332) 132-129 Andronikos 129-84 civitas libera, dep.Roma occup.89 by Pontos (3.504) BC 84-AD 395 Roman prov. BC 19- , AD 21/20-70p. civitas libera

115

5.269 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

5.269-273

BC 700-AD 149

L e s b o s

Roma{332)

5.269

a.700-167

Antissa (NW) 620-350 s.Mytilene (272) c.350-334 Tyrannis 332-188 s.Mytilene (272) 167 destroyed by Roma

5.270

a.700-AD 17p.

Methymna (Molyvos/N) Roma(332) dep.428-411 Athenai (221) 406-347 Oligarchy dep.405-389 Sparta (215) 376-347 Athenai (221) 347-334,333-332 Tyrannis, dep.Persia 332-188 s.Mytilene (272) 188-AD 17p. civitas libera dep.129 Roma

5.271

a.700-360p.

Pyrrha a.700-6.. 6..-610 810-590 590-580

Dyn.Penthilis, t.: King Tyrannis Oligarchy Tyrannis

5.272

a.620-AD 149

Mytilene (SE) Roma(332) 620-500 Tyrannis dep.545-479 Persia (3.331) 500-427 Oligarchy dep.500-479 Persia 478-427 Attic League 427-405 s.Athenai (223) 405-403 Dekarchy, dep.Sparta (215) 403-357 Republic (Oligarchy) dep.403-392,385-369 Sparta 357-349 s.Persia (3.331) 349-347 Oligarchy 347-334 Tyrannis , dep.Persia 334/2-302 dep.Makedon.Empire (223) occup.333-332 by Persia 302-281 Diadochs 281-261 s.Egypt (156) 261-246 s.Syria (3.266) 246-201 s.Egypt (156) 201-190 s.Syria (3.266) a.190-188 s.Pergamon (3.466) 188-AD lOOp. civitas libera ,dep.Roma BC 80-62 abolished AD 149 destroyed by earthquake

5.273

p.400-AD 12p.

Eresos Roma(332) p.400-350 Democracy 350-334,333-332 Tyrannis dep.Persia (3.331) 334-333,332-302 Makedon.Empire (223) 188-AD 12p. civitas libera , dep.Roma

116

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.280

5.274-277

BC 735-AD 100p.

E u b o i a

5.274

a.735-446

Chalkis (N-Euboia) Athenai(221) a.735-c.650 Kingdom c.650 Oligarchy dep.506 Athenai (221) 196-14 6 civitas libera , dep.Roma

5.275

a.700-30p.

Eretria (S-Euboia) Roma(332) a.700-a.500 Oligarchy 490-4.. s.Athenai (221) 196-... civitas libera, dep.Roma -31 s.Athenai (221) 31civitas libera

5.276

a.500-AD 100p.

Karystos dep. 500-490 490-480 472-411 411378/77-3.. 196-AD 100p.

Eretria (265) Persia (3.331) Attic League Euboian League Attic League (221) civitas libera, dep.Roma

Oreos dep.380-377 375-338 338-197 196-168p.

Roma{332) Sparta (215) Athenai (221) Makedonia (223) civitas libera, dep.Roma

5.277

404-168p.

5.278

a.680-50

Paros Roma(332) p. 478-404 Attic League I 376-315 Attic League II 315-166 Nesiotic League (s.Naxos,270) a.100-50 civitas libera, dep.Roma

5.279

a.658-31

Aigina dep.456-431, ...-31 Athenai

5.280

a.600-42p.

Naxos & Andros Roma (332) a.600-536 Republic 536-510 Tyrannis 510-490 Republic 490-479 s.Persia (3.331) 478-a.470 Attic League (221) a.470-466 independent 466-404 s. Athenai (221) 404-376 independent 37 6-315 Attic League 315-166 Nesiot.League (271) dep.: 288-260 Egypt (156) 251-246,201-199 Makedonia (223) Andros occup.199 by Romans dep.199-133 Pergamon Naxos 190-167, 42s.Rhodos (251)

Athenai(221)

117

5.281 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

5.281

a.543-69

Delos 543-529 529-490 478/77-454 454-422/04 4 04-394 394-314 314-166 166-69

5.282

5.283

a.525-338

a.500-32

Siphnos 457-404 375-339

dep.Athenai (221) dep.Samos (258) Center of Attic League s.Athenai (221) 422 destroyed by Athenai independent s.Athenai (221) Nesiotic center dep.Makedon.(223),Egypt(156,Rhodos Free Port /Freihafen dep.Athenai (de facto Roma) occup.88-87 by Pontos (3.504) 69 destroyed by pirates

Member of Attic League I Member of Attic League II

Kos

Roma{332)

a.500-a.479 Tyrannis Persia (3.331) dep. a.500-478 478-412 Attic League (221) 412 earthquake, occup.by Sparta 215) 411-405 Athenai(221) 405-394 Sparta (215) .394-354 Karian protect.(3.483) 354-333 s.Halikarnassos/Karia 333-309 s.Makedon.Empire (223) 309-307 s.Egypt (156) 307-286 Diadoch rule (Antigonos) 286-258 s.Egypt (156) 258-250 Rhodos (261) 253/50-246/5 Egypt (156) 201-199 Makedonia (223) 199-167 Rhodos (261) 166-32 civitas libera, dep.Roma occup.90-88 by Pontos(3.504) 41-32 Tyrannis 5.284

5.285

a.477-31

a.200-54

5.286

188/105-AD 138p.

5.287

197-79p.

118

Ios 477-404 338-315 315-31

Roma(332) Attic League I Makedon.Empire (223) dep.Egypt (156) p.300-166 Nesiot.League (270)

Tenedos civitas libera, 189 dep.Roma

Roma(332)

Astypaleia civitas libera, dep.Roma

Roma(332)

Kythnos Roma(332) civitas libera, dep.Rhodos(261), 189 Roma occup.88-86 by Pontos (3.504)

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.318

5.288

196-39

Ikos

5.289

196-

Peparethos

5.290

196-

Skiathos

5.291

196-88p.

Syros

5.292

167-146p.

Sanothrake

Athena J. ( 221)

5.293

AD a.138-

Amorgos

5.3

BC p.850-AD 536

I T A L I A

&

I L L Y R I C U M

5.31-36 BC p.850-AD 476

ITALIA (ITALY / ITALIEN)

5.31-33

p.850-AD 476

Central & Northern Italy / Mittel- & Nord-Italien

5.311-318

p.850-80p.

Pre-Etruscan Centers / Vor-Etrusk.Zentren

5.311

8..-600

Alba Longa (Latium)

Roma(332)

5.312

8..-213

Agylla (Camars,Caere/Cerveteri) c.700 Etrusc. (Chaire o.Cisra)

Roma[332)

5.313

8..-395/240

Falerii (Falers/Civita Castellan) dep.395-241 Roma

Roma(332)

5.314

8..-80p.

Populonia

(7.. Etrusc.Papluna)

Roma(332)

Vetulonia

(7.. Etrusc. Vatluna)

Roma(332)

5.315

c.850-a.241

5.316

7..-205

5.317

7..-82

5.318

7..-382

5.319-330

Clusium (Chiusi)

Roma{332)

Praeneste (Palestrina/Latium)

Roma(332)

Tusculum

Roma(332)

(Latium)

c.700-60

Etruscan City States / Etruskische Stadtstaaten

c.700-213

Chaire (Caere,Cisra) s.312 dep.353-213 Roma

c.700-205

Clusium

c.700-100p.

Papluna (Populonia)

Roma(332)

s.316 s.314

119

5.319 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

c.700-3..

Vatluna (Vetulonia)

5.319

6..-310/225

Arretium

5.320

6..-264

Bolsena

5.321

6..-295

Curtun (Cortona)

5.322

6..-294

Persna

5.323

6..-280

Roselle

5.324

a.650-308/280

s.315

(Arezzo) (Volsinii/Orvieto)

(Perusia/Perugia) (Rusellae/Grosseto)

Tarquinia

5.325

6..-280

Velcae ( Vulci)

5.326

6..-80

Volaterrae

(Volterra)

5.327

c.650-350

Marzabotto (?Misanum/n.Bologna) destroyed by Celti / von Kelten zerstört (336)

5.328

c.550-472

Ruma (Roma) Etruscan kings / Etrusker-Könige

5.329

535-350/192

5.330

600/471-338/211

5.331

5..-338

5.332 (753)550-AD 476

Romat.332)

Felsina (Bologna) Roma{332) c.350 desroyed by Celti / von Kelten zerstört(336) 192: Bononia (Boii) Capera (Capua)

Latini League / Latiner-Bund members: Aricia Borsillae Caenina Cora (330 destroyed) Gabii Roma BC 753

Roma(332) Labiei Lab urn Lanuvium Lavinium (Lauretium) Ponietia

legendary date of foundation / legendäres Datum der Stadtgründung

7..-550 c.550-472 472-27

legend.Latium kings / Latiner-Könige Etruscan kings / Etrusk.Könige Republic (Res publica Romana) occup.385 by Senones (336) BC 27-AD 395 Imperium Romanum (2.323) 395-476 Western Empire Westreich ct. Roma, 402 Ravenna 5.333

5.334

120

6. .-82

c.450-272

Samnii (Confederacy)

Romat.332)

Lucani

Roma(332)

(Basilicata)

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.349

5.335

a.325-88

Central Italian Confederation Roma[332) ct.Corfinium Italia members: Aequi (a.484 in Tusculum) , Marrucini, Marsi, Paeligni, Vestini dep.304/02-91 Roma (332), 91-88 in rebellion

5.336-338

C.400-AD 60

Northern Italy / Nord-Italien

5.336

c.400-222

Roma(332) Celtic Tribes / Kelten-Stamme i.a. : Boii (Emilia) Cenomani (Aulerker/n.Verona,Bergamo) Insubri (Lombardia), et.Mediolanum Lingones Senones (Ancona,Emilia) dep.283 Roma

5.337

390-27 8

5.338

BC a.20-AD c.60

5.34-36

BC 754-

Ancona

Roma(332)

Segugio (Susa,Regnum Cottii) Roma(322) Celto-Ligur. Kingdom, dep.Roma t.: BC 9 praefectus civitatium, a.AD 4 0 rex

Southern Italy & Sicily / Süditalien & Sizilien (Megale Hellas / Magna Graecia)

5.341-353

c.754-204

Greek Cities on Peninsula / Griech.Städte auf der Halbinsel (independent colonies / unabh.Kolonien)

5.341

c.754-338

Kyme (Cumae) occup.420 by Samnii

Roma(332) (333)

5.342

c.750-277

Kroton (Crotona) p.510 center of Kroton.League

5.343

c.720-510

Sybaris

Roma(332)

destroyed by / zerstört durch Kroton(342) 5.344

717-387

Bhegion (Reggio)

5.345

708-272/209

Tarentum dep.272-212 Roma

.Roma (332)

Neapolis (Napoli) dep.326-90 Roma

J?oma(332)

Lokroi

Roma(332)

5.346

5.347

700/695-90

673-205

352-346 s.Syracusae 5.348

c.650-540

5.349

6..-389

Siris Caulonia

Syracusae(355)

(355) Sybaris(343) Syracusae(355)

121

5.350 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

5.350

c.600-272

Poseidion (Paestum) 273/2 occup.by Lucani (334)

5.351

p.540-2..

Elea (Velia)

5.352

Roma(332) 443-281/204 Thurioi dep.443-a.404 Athenai(221), 281-212 Roma

5.353-365

750-212

S i c i l y

/

S i z i l i e n

Roma(332)

5.353

p.750-396

Zancle (Messana/Messina)

Syracusae(355)

5.354

c.737-403

Naxos (n.Taormina) 495-461 s.Syracusae

Syracusae(355)

5.355

c.736-212

Syracusae c.736-485 485-466 466-406 406-337 337-317 317-212

Roma{332) Kingdom Tyrannis Republic (democracy) Tyrannis Oligarchy Tyrannis

5.356

729-263

Katana (Aitna) dep.729-461 Syracusae (355) 461-403 Republic 403-354 s.Syracusae (355)

5.357

729-338

Leontinoi

5.358

728-483

Megara Hyblaia

Syracusae(355)

5.359

p.700-398

Motya

Syracusae(355)

5.360

690/88-405

Gela 505-467 Tyrannis 466-405 Republic

Karthago(192)

5.361

651/28-410/9

Selinus

Karthago(192) Karthago(192)

(Carthag.colony/W-Sic.)

Roma(332)

Karthago (192)

5.362

648-409

Himera ? -47? Tyrannis 477-409 s.Syracusae (355)

5.363

598-405

Kamarina Syracusae(355) a.550 destroyed/zerstört, 4 92 rebuild/neuerbaut dep.: Syracusae, 492-491 Gela (360) 491-485, 483-461 Syracusae 461-405 Republic

122

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.377

5.364

582-4 06

Akragaa (Agrigentum) 582-571 Aristocrat.Republic 571-555 Tyrannis 555/49-488 Aristocrat.Republic 488-470 Tyrannis 470-406 Democrat.Republic

5.365

451-440

Siceli League / Siceler-Bund ct.453/2 Palice (n.Mileo)

Karthago(192)

Syracusae(355)

5.37-39 BC 734-AD 536

ILLYRICUM

5.371-384

734-AD 138

Greek (autonom./independent)Colonies / Griech. (autonom./unabhängige) Kolonien

5.371

734-AD 138

Korkyra (Korfu) 734-665 375-373 373-318 318-298 298-294 294-291 291-281 281-250p dep.250p.-229 229-AD 138

Roma 1332)

s.Korinthos (222) Attic League (Athenai,221) s.Sparta (215) s.Makedonia (223) s.Syracusae (355) s.Epeiros (391) independent s.Epeiros (391) Ardianoi (394) civitas libera, dep.Roma

5.372

c.627-219

5.373

588-30

Apollonia (Epidamnos Polina/Fièr) dep.: 319p.-312 Makedonia (223) 312-290p. Taulantii (389) p.290-270 Epeiros (391) 270-229 independent 229-42 s. Roma 42-30 civitas libera, dep.Roma

J?oma(332)

5.374

390-45

Isaa 390-2.. Syracus. colony (355)

Roma(332)

5.375

c.390-213

5.376

385-228

5.377

c.380-56p.

Epidamnoa (Dyrrhachion,Drac,Durres) Roma(332) 314 destroyed by earthquake/zerstört d.Erdbeben 312-275? s.Taulantii (389)

Lisaus

(Alessio,Lezhi/Albania)

Pharos (Hvar, Lesina)

Roma(332)

Tragurion (Trau,Trogir) dep.220-48? Issa (374)

123

5.378 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

5.378

? -30

Buthroton (Butrint)

5.379

? -100

Inderà

5.380

213-169

Ardiae

(lader,?Indemen/Zadar) Roma(332)

5.381

c.200

Lichnidus

5.382

a.188-a.30

Kephalenia civitas libera, dep.Roma

Roma(332)

5.383

a.188- ?

Leukas civitas libera, dep.Roma

Roma(332)

5.384

a.188-30p.

Zakynthos

Roma(332)

civitas libera, dep.Roma Illyricum{399) 5.385

a.119-78

Salona (Split) Roma(332)

5.386

a.47-30?

Epidaurum (Cavdat,Ragusa)

5.387-398

6..-30p.

Tribal Kingdoms / Stammesreiche

5.387

6..-156/55

Dalmatae et.DeImium 604 Celtic invasion

5.388

6..-286

Paeoni S-Illyricum, N-Makedonia

5.389

5.390

5.391

-275/30

a.495-148

Makedonia(223)

Taulantii Roma(332) dep.275-167 Epeiros (391,395) 167-30 civitas libera, dep.Roma(332) Elimeia c.350-167 s.Makedonia (223)

Roma(332)

480-235/231 Molossi (Epeiros/Albania) Apeirotai{395) ct.295 Ambrakia, Phoenike , 235-231 Anarchy 424- 263 c. 400-148

5.392

386-282

5.393

c.335-170

124

Roma(332)

Lynkestes (Lynkos)

s.Upper Makedonia (224)

Orestis s.Upper Makedonia (224) c.350-167 s.Makedonia (223)

Roma(332)

Enchelaei (N-Albania) ct.n.Shkodèr Dardani (N-Albania) ct.Bylazores (Titov Veles) dep.228- Roma (332)

Roma(332)

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.415

5.394

c.260-168/135 Ardianoi

5.395

231-146

5.396

a.209-200p.

5.397

148-30p.

5.398

167-30p.

5.399

BC 168-AD 536

Roma(332)

Apeirotai (Epeirot.Federation) ct.Phoenike Anthamania

Roma{332)

(E-Epelros)

Amantia (Abantia/Orestis, Upper Makedonia) civitas libera Roma(332) Dassaretis (Upper Makedonia)

Illyricum occidentale

Byzantium[9.112 )

BC 168-AD 395 Roman provinces in S-Illyricum (148 Macedonia, 27 Achaia, AD 67 Epirus) s.BC 155 in North Illyr. AD 48-454 Illyricum , prov.,297 prefect, et.Sirmium s.395 Byzant.rule occup.397-401 by Visigoths 280-454 Prov.Dalmatiae, ct.Salona 297-395 Prov.Praevalitana (S-Dalm.) ct.Skodra Byzantium 454-463 Independent State, ct.Salona 463-469 Byzant.rule (9.112) 469-481 Independent State, ct.Salona 481-536 s.Italia (15.611)

5.4

5.41

BC 1100-AD 461

1100-AD 420

5.411-417 a.1100-200

Western Mediterranean Regions / Westliche Mittelmeer-Regionen

HISPANIA

Phoenician Colonies / Phònizische Kolonien

5.411

a.1100-205

Malaga

Roma(332 )

5.412

c.1100-206

Gadir (Gadeira/Cádiz) dep.501-206 Karthago (192)

Roma(332

5.413

p.1100-200p.

Sexi ct.Sexetanum (n.Motril)

Roma(332)

5.414

6..-

Abdera (Adra/Almeria)

5.415

229-200a.

Carthago Nova (Cartagena) dep.Karthago (192)

)

125

5.416 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE 5.416

BC a.500-100p.

Iberian Tribal Organizations :

Bastetani ct.Basi (Baza/Granada), occup.237 by Karthago Cilbiceni ( Cádiz) Conestani ( n.Tarragona) Dietani (Acante, Archena, Elche, Murcia ) Edetani (Valencia) Etmanei (Córdoba) Gimnetae (n.Tarragona) Ileates (Guadalquivir valley) a.500 Ilergetae ct.Herda (Tarragona) Mastieni (Cartagena) Olbisinii (Huelva) a.500 Turdetani (Guadalquivir valley) Bracari (Tarragona) 5.417

a.500-133

Celtiberian Tribal Organisations (NE Spain) :

Celtici Conii a.500 Gallaici Lusones, et.Murdobrega (Munébrega) Titti Turduli veteres Vaccaei 2..-133 Arevaci, ct.Numantiae (n.Osilis/Medinaceli) Belli 5.418

190-139

5.419

BC 218-AD 420

Lusitani (N-Portugal) ct.Olisipo (Lisboa)

Hisp.ulterior(419)

Hispania Romana Visigoths(15.472) dep.262/313 Gallia (611), Roman provinces : BC 218-AD 383 Hispania citerior (Tarraconensis) ct. Tarraco (Tarragona) BC 197-39 Hispania ulterior 15-AD 33 Gallaecia BC 19 in Asturias-Cantabria) P.15-AD 371 Hispania ulterior Baetica ct.Corduba BC 27-AD 371 Hispania ulterior Lusitania et.Emerita Augusta 371-420p. Hispania 313-p.420 vicarii Hispaniarum

5.42

BC 600-AD 461

PROVENCE

5.421

c.600-49p.

Massilia Gallia Narbon.{423) Greek (Phokaian) colony,post, civitas libera

5.422

c.350-27

Nikaia (Nice)

5.423

126

BC 120-AD 461

Gallia Narbon.(423)

Roman administration Burgundi 15.272) prov.Gallia Transalpina (Narbonensia)

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.521

5.5

East & South East Europe / Ost- £ Südost-Europa

5.51-53

E a s t

E u r o p e

/

O s t - E u r o p a

5.511-513 BC 650-AD 527

Black Sea Region /Schwarzmeer-Region

5.511

Scyth princes / Skythenfürsten in : c.650-281 Dobrudza (Scythia inferior) 5..-3.. Royal Scyths in Ukraina 4..-3.. Taman 4..-2.. Poltava 4..-1.. Kuban Region p.150-108 Crimea / Krim Bospor.(527) ct. Neapolis (n.Simferopol)

a.650-108

5.512-526 BC 657-AD 350

Greek Colonies / Griech.Pflanzstädte :

5.512-517

657/6-AD 238

Pentapolis/Hexapolis in D o b r u d z a dep.: 313/03-a.250 Makedonia, 72-59 Roma, 59-30 Dacia, 30/29 Roma, p.29-AD 26 Thrakia(Odrys.,550), s.26 Roma

5.512

657/6-AD 238p. Istros dep. a.250-195 Getae (552) occup.238 by Goths (530)

5.513

p.650-AD 100p. Tomi (Constanza) dep.75/70 Roma

.Roma (332)

5.514

p.650-44

Dionysopolis (Krunoi/Balcik) dep.72-55 Roma, 55-44 Getae (552)

Roma(332)

5.515

a.500-50

Kallatis (Acerbatis/Mangalia) dep.75/70 Roma

5.516

a.500-a.50

Masenibria dep.75/70 Roma

5.517

647-600

Berezan

5.518

6..-44

Apollonia Pontica (Sosopol/Bulgaria) occup. 88/87-72 by Pontos (3.504) dep.72-55 Roma (332) 55-44 Getae (552)

5.519

6..-72/44

Odessos (Varna) dep.72-55 Roma, 55-44 Getae (552)

5.520

5.521

647/600-AD 238

a.600

Roma 1,332)

Olbia Ukraina(528) dep.: c.150-110 Scyths, p.110-63 Pontos (3.504) BC c.50 destroyed by Getae (552) c.238 Goth conquest (530) Panti.kapei.on

s.Kimmer.Bosporos (527)

127

5.522 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

5.522

a.600-a.350

Theodosia (S-Crimea)

5.523

5..-AD 161p. Herakleia Chersonnesos

5.524

5..-AD 238

Kiimer.Bosporos(527)

(n.Sebastopol) Pontos(3.504) 110-47 s.Pontos (3.504) 45-25 local rulers BC 25-AD 161p. civitas libera, dep.Roma occup. l..-140p. by Kimmer.Bosporos

Tyras (Belgorod Dniestrovski) Ukraina(530) conquest by: BC 47 Getae (552) dep. 56/7 Roma , AD c.238 Goths conquest

5.525

Bizone (Kavarna/n.Dionysopolis) dep.75/70 Roma (332)

5.526

Parthenopolis dep.75/70 Roma (332)

5.527

BC a.600-AD 523

Kimmer.Bosporos (S-Crimea) Byzantium(10.771) ct. Pantikapeion (a.BC 41 : Kaisareia, AD 375p.Bosporos/Kerc) a.600-480

Oligarchy t.: Archon 480/79-306/5 Hereditary Archons Dyn.: 480/79-438 Archaianax 438/7-306/5 Spartakkos t.: 438/7 King of Sindia & Malotia 306/5-AD 342p. Bosporan Kingdom Dyn.: 306/5-108 Spartakkos dep.150-107 Scyths (511) 107-8 Pontos (3.504) BC 8-342p. Aspurgos dep.Roma (332) AD 342p.-523

5.528-532 5.528

BC C.250-AD 527p. C.250-AD 370

Bosporus (Pantikapeion/Kerc) dep.: 362-375 Gothi 375-523 Huns in N-Region

U k r a i n a Sarmatae c.250-47/36

Antai (Antes) in Ukraina 36 in Kabarda BC C.50-AD 376 Rhoxolani in Ukraina, 220 Moldova, 376 Pannonia BC 43-AD 370 Alani (Asioi)

5.529

128

BC 179-AD p.298 Bastarnae

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.546

5.530

AD 195-376

5.531

c.250-269/376

5.532

370/76-AD 527p.

5.54-55

S o u t h

E a s t

Gothi (Greuthungi) c.250 in N-Crimea

Hun

Empire(2.312)

Heruli

Hun

Empire(2.312)

Huns (Ukraina,425 Hungary,375-470 N-Caucasia) 370-376 in Taman region

E u r o p e

/

S i i d o s t e u r o p a

5.541-543

BC 657-AD 70

Greek Cities / Griech.Stàdte

5.541

BC 657-AD 170p.

Byzantion dep.514-478 478-477 477-405

Roma(332) Persia (3.331) Sparta (215) Athenai (221) 440, 412-08 in rebellion 405-389 Sparta (215) 389-336 Democrat.Republic dep.378-357 Athenai(221) 336-300p.s.Makedonia (223) p.300-200 independent occup.278 by Celts 200-89 dep.Roma (332) 89-86 s.Pontos (3.504) p.86-62 s.Bithynia (3.503) BC 62-AD 72, 80p.-169 civitas libera 169 destr. 170- ? Antonia, civitas libera

5.542

p.600-189

Perinthos

5.543

550-309

Kardia 493-480 a.338-309

Pergamon(3.466) Makedonia(223) s.Persia (3.331) independent

5.544-551

6..-AD 395

T h r a k i a (Chersonnes/Bulgaria) dep.492-480 Persia (3.331) Byzantium (10.771) Apsinthii

5.544

6..-5..

5.545

6..-492

Dolonci dep.560-492 Athenai (221)

5.546

543-146p.

Abdera (City State) dep.543-480 Persia 37 6 destroyed by Triballi (558) 350-2.. s.Makedonia (223) occup.c.200 by Pergamon (3.466)

129

5.547 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

5.547

a.500-146p.

Maroneia (City State) 454-4.., 373-3.. Attic League 359-353 s.Odrysai (548) 353-a.247 s.Makedonia (223) p.247-200 dep. Egypt (156) 200-194 s.Makedonia (223) 194-192 s.Syria (3.266) 192-168 s.Makedonia (223) 168-146p. civitas libera

5.548

c.470-211

Odrysai princes in S-Bulgaria : 470-420/359 united, ct.: Seuthopolis c.420-211p. E-Region (Melandites,Thynes,Trariipses) ct.Kypsela dep.342-330 Makedonia (223) C.420Salmydessos Rom.Thracia(551) 359-342/1 Chersonnesos, Maroneia Makedonia(223) 359-351 Region Nestos-Strymos

5.549

279-200

5.550

5.551

Tylis (Celts)

C.275-AD 45/6

Local dynasts in S-Thracia

C.275-AD 45/6

Sapaei

c.150-140p.

Kanes

a.100-llp.

Astaei (Odrysai), ct.Bizye 42-31 s.Sapaei

BC 188-AD 395

Thrakia ct.Serdica (Sofia) 188-150 independent 150-AD 46 dep.Roma (s .Astaei, 550) 46-395

Roman provinces :

46/61-297/395 Thracia a.327 dioecesis Thr., ct.Philippopolis occup.by: p.279-391 Bastarnae 378/82-402 Visigoths 297-395 Haemimontus ct.Hadrianopolis 297-395 Europa ct.Eudoxiopolis(Selymbria) 297-395 Rhodope ct.Aenos

130

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.557

5.552-556 BC p.300-AD 567

D a c i a

5.552

p.300-p.44

Getae (Daciae,Rhoxolani)

5.553

BC C.180-AD 279

5.554

BC C.70-AD 106

Dacian Kingdom in Transsylvania ct. AD 85 Sarmizegethusa (Verhely) Roman invasions: BC 30, AD 12,62-66,85-89

5.555

106-395

Roman Dacia , provinces : 106-119 Dacia (Traiana) 119-271 Dacia Superior (168 Apulensis) Banat,Transsylvania ct.Apulum 119-271 Dacia Inferior (168 Malvensis) Oltenia, SE-Transsylvania ct.Romula (Resca) 123-167 Dacia Porolissensis (N) 271-535 Dacia Ripensis (Aureliani,S) ct.Ratiara 271-535 Dacia Mediterranea (S) a.327-535 Dacia (dioecesis)

5.556

220-455

Migrating Tribes in Moldavia & Valaquia : a.220-271/6 Rhoxolani (Sarmatae) 271-384 Gothi t.: Reiks (Basiliskos) in Gothia, Gutthinia 400-455 Huns , t.: Khan

5.557

BC p.300-AD 455

Bastamae

(Rumania)

in Valaquia

Pannonia (Hungary,N-Serbia,SE-Austria) p.300-p.100 Celti s.150 in Moesia superior(Serbia),Valaquia 120-113 Germanic invasions (Ambrones,Cimbri,Teutones) AD 40/45-286p. Jazyges (Sarmatae) in Danube-Theyss Region 69-427 69-271

295-358 297-427 297-406/27

166-358 171-248 424-455

Roman provinces : Pannonia (184: Pannonia inferior) ct.Aguiacum (Budapest) Valeria Pannonia superior ct.Vindobona (Wien) Pannonia Savensis (Slavonia,N-Bosnia) Marcomanni & Quadi Vandals (Asdingian) in N-Theyss-Region Huns (556)

131

5.558 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA S EUROPE

5.558

5.6

5.61-62

5.611

BC a.49-AD 400p. Moesia Byzantium(9.112) a.49-AD p.235 Triballi BC 12/6-AD 400p. Roman prov. Moesia AD 86-400p. division : Moesia I (superior) Moesia II(inferior) ct.Marcianopolis (Devnya/Preslav)

Western, Central & Northern Europe / West-, Zentral- & Nord-Europa

W e s t

BC 750-AD 486

E u r o p e

/

W e s t - E u r o p a

Gallia

Franci(556)

c.750-50

Celtic tribal organizations s.c.480 in SE-Region, 4 tribes , i.a. : p.600-50p. Haedui (E), dep. a.52 Roma (332) ct.: Bibracte (Mt.Benvray), post.Augustodonum p.300-50 Belgae (NE) a.170-50 Arverni (Central) Bituriges Vivisci a.52 Cadurci (Cahors/Aquitania) ct.Divona -50 Carnutes (Orléans) ct.Autricum carnutum -50 Eburones (NE) a.62-AD 68p. Sequani (E), ct.Vesontio BC 121-AD 486

BC 120-AD 297

Roman Gallia, provinces :

Gallia s.BC 22 ct.118: AD 149

Transalpina Gallia Narbonensis Narbo Martius (Narbona) Nemausus (Nîmes)

BC 44/AD 27-297 Gallia Celtica (Lugdunensis) ct. BC 43 Lugdunum (Lyon) BC 44/AD 27-297 Aquitania ct.Burdigala (Bordeaux) BC 44/AD 27-297 Gallia Belgica (NE) ct.Augusta Treverorum (Trier) 259-273 Independent Emperors in Gallia ct. Trier (Trêves)

132

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.618

297-476

Roman Dioecesis I, et.Trier prov.: Lugd. I, et.Lugdunum Lugd.II, et.Rouen Lugd.III, et.Tours Lugd.IV, et.Sens Belgica I, et.Trier Belgica II, et.Reims Tarentaise (N-Alpes) Sequania , et.Besançon + Germania I + II

297-470

Dioecesis II, et.Vienne et.Vienne prov.: Viennensis, Aquitania I, et.Bourges Aquitania II, et.Bordeaux Novempopulonia, et.Eauze Narbonensis I, ct.Narbonne Narbon. II, ct.Aix/Prov. Alpes Maritimae, et.Embrun

466-486

NW Gallia (Belgica II,Syagrius) et. Soissons

5.612-616

BC 353-AD 405

H i b e r n i a

(Ireland/Irland)

5.612

BC c.353-AD 358

Dltonia

(Ulster)

5.613

BC c.346-AD 405

Mileadh

(Meath)

5.614

BC 284-AD 4..

Lagenia

(Laigen,Leinster)

5.615

BC 284-AD 4..

Mominia

(Muha/Munster)

5.616

BC 20-AD 405

Conacia (Connacht)

5.617-621 BC a.700-AD 446/781

B r i t a n n i a (England,Scotland,Wales)

5.617

Scotland (Pictavia?,legend.Pict kings)

5.618

? -AD 68 BC a.75-AD 161

a.75-AD 40 c.75-AD 161p.

Celtic tribal organ, in England £ Wales i. a. : Atrebates in Surrey, Sussex dep. c.10 Catevellauni Belgae (Bellovaques) ct.Venta Belgarum (Winchester) Brigantes in Northumbria ct.Isurium Cantii in Kent Catevellauni ct.Verulamium (St.Albana), p.10 Camulodonum (Colchester) Regni in Sussex ct.Noviomagus (Chichester)

133

5.619 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE

5.619

BC 43-AD 446

Roman prov. Britannia (78/85 incl.S-Scotland)

5.620

250-781

Dalriadha

5.621

273-700

SW-England (Celtic princes)

5.63-65

C e n t r a l

E u r o p e

(SW-Scotland)

/

Z e n t r a l e u r o p a

5.631-634 BC a.550-45

Local Celtic Rulers / lokale Herrscher der Kelten Tribal Organizations / Stammesorganisat.i.a.:

5.631

Tauriscii

c.250-45

in Noricum (Austria,Slovenia)

ct.Noreia 5.632

p.191-60

Boii

5.633 5.634

a.113-51

Helvetii Teuri

5.635-656

BC 400-AD 786

Roma[332)

in Bohemia,Bavaria

(ct.Manching)

in SW-Germany,59/51 Switzerland Roma{323) in Thuringia

Germanic Tribal Organizations / Stammesorganisationen der Germanen

5.635

BC p.400-190

Bastarnae, N-Silesia, 220 in Bayern

5.636

BC C.200-AD 411

Burgundi! (Burgundiones) c.200 Pomerania, AD a.100 W-Poland, a.200 Lusatia, 270 Rhineland ct.270 ?Worms

5.637

BC a.150-AD 213p.

Chauci in Elbe-Ems Region dep.AD 5-28 Roma 170/80 defeat by Saxons

5.638-641 BC 200p.-AD 200

5.638

BC c.150-AD 225p.

5.639

BC C.100-AD a.200

5.640

BC a.50-AD p.214

Suebian Confederacy: Alamanni(653) in N-Germany, BC 100-50 in Bohemia, AD a.100 in Brandenburg Semnones in Havelland/Brandenburg -75 AD, 184 in Thuringia Hermunduri in Thuringia, a.185 N-Bavaria Marcomanni

in Main Region, BC 9 in Bohemia

ct.Hradiste/n.Praha 5.641 5.642

134

BC a.6-AD p.400 BC a.100-55

Quadi

in Moravia

Obii

in Region Köln

Vandals Chatti(643)

ANTIQUITY / AFRICA & EUROPE - 5.656

5.643

BC p.lOO-AD 392

5.644

BC a.55-8

5.645

BC a.lOO-AD c.400

5.646

BC a.58-AD c.250

5.647

BC a.53-AD 310

5.648

BC p.50-AD c.200

5.649

BC a.5-AD 568

Chatti in Rhein-Main Region (Hessen) et.Mattium Sugambri in Rhein-Mosel Region (BC 8-AD 290p.remnants in S-Lippe) Vandili (Vandals,?Lugii)

in Silesia

Usipetes dep.BC 55-8 Sugambri (644) Cherusci

in Weser-Region

Gothi (Gothen)in Vistula-Region Longobardi (Vinniles) Elbe estuary, AD a.160-568 Moravia 5.650

AD a.98-490p.

5.651

a.150-785

Saxon tribal organizations in Lower Saxony / Sachs. Stammesorganis. in Niedersachsen : Engern N-Albingii Ostfalen Westfalen

5.652

a.169-a.270

Juthunges confed. in E-Bayern dep. 169 Roma (332)

5.653

p.200-497

Alamanni (Sueb.confed.) Franci(656) Elbe-Saale reg.,212 Rhein-Main region 259/60 SW-Germany dep.454-a.476 Roma (332)

5.654

a.238

Luges confed. (N-Bohemia, Silesia)

5.655-656

a.256-511

Franc! / Franken

5.655

a.256-511

Ripuarii a.256 Rhein estuary Region 356 Xanten-Region, Cologne 455 Rhein-Mosel Region et.Cologne/Köln (17.411)

5.656

c.300-511

Salii

Angli

in Holstein

Francia(15.334)

in Toxandrium/N-Brabant 406 in Liege-Tournai-Region

135

5.661 - ANTIQUITY / AFRICA S EUROPE

5.66

N o r t h

E u r o p e

/

N o r d e u r o p a

5.661-662

BC a.l50-AD 150

DENMARK / DANEMARK

5.661

BC a.150-115

Cimbri / Kimbern

5.662

BC a.100-AD c.150

Nerthus Cult Confederation / Kultverband ct.Leithra (Ledreburg/Seeland)

5.664-665

BC C.100-400p.

SWEDEN / SCHWEDEN

5.664

BC c.100-AD 69

Sigtuna / Svear

5.665

BC c. 100-400p.

Uppsala

5.7

5.71-72

5.711

5.712

A M E R I CA

BC 630-AD 1100 BC C.630-...

/

A M E R I K A

M e s o - A m e r i c a

Nakpe Temple center in Guatemala

a.500/452-AD 550/700 Monte Alban (Phases I-II) Temple center in Oaxaca/Mexico

5.713

BC a.475-AD 1100

Tres Zapotes (Olmecas/Vera Cruz Region/Mexico) 500-100 BC formative phase

5.714

BC p.475-AD 50

Cerros de las Mesas (Belize)

5.715

BC C.450-AD 50

Chupicuaro (W-Guanajuato)

5.716

BC C.300-AD 500p.

Kaminaljuyü (Guatemala)

5.717

BC 225-AD c.700

Remojadas

5.718

?300/50-50p. AD

Cuicuilco destroyed by volcano eruption / zerstört durch Vulkanausbruch

5.719

BC a.50-AD 50

El Mirador

136

(Peten/Guatemala)

ANTIQUITY / AMERICA - 5.738

5.720

5.721 5.722

BC 50-AD 450 Teotihuacân (Central Mexico) (o.BC 200-AD 300) BC 50-AD 150 Teotihuacân I (Tzacualli) AD 150-250 Teotihuacân II (Miccaotli) 250-450 Teotihuacân III (Tlamimilolpa) AD c.150-426 200-950/1000

5.723 5.724

Copân

I (Honduras)

El Tajin (Papatla/Vera Cruz) Tazumal

219-869

Tikal

5.73

BC 200-AD 900p.

5.731

BC 200-AD 600/900p. Moche

(Péten/Guatemala)

N-Anden Region (South America)

(El Molla, Mochica/NW Peru)

confederation headed by a king/prince 5.732 5.733 5.734

AD 300-636p. 500-1000 AD p.500-

Nazca (Phase II) Tiahuanaco (Phase II-III) Pacific Coast (Ecuador,Peru)

5.735

Cercapaz

5.736

Salango

5.737

Salangone

5.738

Tuzco

137

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / AFRICA / EMPIRES - 6.122 B)

MEDIAEVAL fi MODERN TIMES / MITTELALTER UND MODERNE ZEIT

6-8

6.

A F R I C A

E m p i r e s

6.11

/

/ A F R I K A

G r o s s r e i c h e

EAST AFRICA / OSTAFRIKA

6.111

287/350-915/20

6.112

975/6-1513

6.113

1268-1531

Aksum Aksum,Bedja,Haabasa,Himyàr(-378),Kasu, Raydhan,Saba,Salhin,Siamo (Ethiopia,Yaman) ct.Aksum/Tigre, p.750 Ku'bar t.: Negus Kilwa ( Zeng Empire ) Coastal Kenya,S-Somalia,Tanzania,N-Mozambique ct.Kilwa (Butahna/Tanzania) Ethiopia I ct.Dangaz

6.114 1710/1828-1890

Zanzibar Coastal S-Kenya & Tanganyika,Zanzibar,Pemba ct.1828 Zanzibar Dyn. al-Bfi Saiyid, t.: Sultan (1710-1829 ct.Masqat/Uman)

6.115

1872/89-1936/74

Ethiopia II ct.Gondar,1886-89 Mekele/Mt.Entoto, 1889 Addis Abeba t.: Negus negesti (king of kings/Emperor) 9.V.1936-IV.1941 Italian occupation

6.116

1885-1898

6.12-13

6.121

Sudan (Mahdi Empire) ct.Umdurman

WEST AFRICA / NESTAFRIKA

c.350-1076/77

Ghana Senegambia,S-Mauretania,West Mali ct.Ghana (Kumbi Salih/Awkar)/Wagadu-Hawd/Mauret. Dyn.: a.350-770 Kaya Maga (Berber) c.770-1076/7 Sisse Tunkara (Marka,Sarakolle/Soninke,Wangara/Mandingo)

6.122

1221-1366

Kanem N-Nigeria,S-Niger ( 12 kingdoms) ct.Ndjimi, t.: Mai

139

6.123 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / AFRICA / EMPIRES

6.123

1235-1390/1400

Mali Mali,N-Guinea,Senegambia ct.: Kangaba(Djeriba/n.Bamako), post. Mali (Nyani/N-Guinea) Dyn. Keita (Malinka/Mandingo) t.: Mansa, Maghan (king of kings)

6.124

1515-1588

Sonrhai Gambia,Niger,N-Guinea,N-Nigeria ct. Tandirma Dyn.Askia

6.125

1519-1742

Borau N-Nigeria, NW-Cameroon, W-Chad) ct.Bornu Dyn.Sefuwa, t.: Mai

6.126

1739-1815/79

Kong (Dyula/Senufo Empire) Côte d'Ivoire

6.127

1742-1831

Ashanti (in Ghana) ct.Rumasi t.: Asantahene

6.128 1600/1748-1835/6

Oyo (Yoruba Empire in W-Nigeria) ct.Oyo-Iboho, 1830 Oyo t.: Alafin

6.129

1754-1790

Segu (Bambara Empire in W-Mali) ct.Segu

6.130

1810-1903

Sokoto (N-Cameroon,N-Nigeria) ct.Sokoto t.: Sultan, Sarki'n-Musulmami (Amir al-Muminin)

6.131

1847-1891

Tukulor/Fulani (Umarian) Empire Mali,Niger, N-Guinea ct.Dinguiraye/N-Guinea,1861 Segu/Mali,Nioro

6.132

1881-1898,XI.

Wassulu (Samory Empire) Côte d'Ivoire,N-Guinea,SW-Mali ct.Bissandugu,It.Davakala/Kong t.: Faama, 1884 Almami

140

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / AFRICA / EMPIRES - 6.154

6.14

NORTH AFRICA / NORDAFRIKA

969-1171 6.141

1062-1147

Almoravid Empire Magrib, Mauritania, S-Spain et.Marräkus t.: Amir al-Muminin

1147-1212/69

Almohad Empire Magrib, S-Spain ct.Marräkus , t.: Caliph

1591-1603/18

Morocco / Marokko (Saadit Empire) Mali,Mauritania,Morocco) ct.Fas Dyn.Saadi, t.: Sultan

6.142

6.143

6.144

Fatimid Empire Egypt, Libya, Magrib ct.972 al-Qahira (Cairo) t.: Caliph

6.15

CENTRAL AFRICA / ZENTRALAFRIKA

6.151

c.1344-1398

(Great) Kitara (Bacwezi Empire) Intralacustrine Region ct.Bigo/W-Uganda

6.152

c.1400-1450

(Great) Zimbabwe ct.Gr.Zimbabwe/n.Masvingo

6.153

c. 1490-1568

6.154

p.1500-1607/29

Bakongo N-Angola,S-Gabon,W-Congo,W-Zaire ct.: Mbanza Kongo (Ambasse,Mbasi, 1530 Sào Salvador/N-Angola t.: Mani Kongo

Mutapa-Rozwi (Monomotapa) Mozambique, Zimbabwe ct.Dande t.: Mambo

141

6.161 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / AFRICA / EMPIRES

SOUTHERN AFRICA / SÜDLICHES AFRIKA incl.Madagascar

6.16

6.161

a.1700-1852

6.162

1794-1885

6.163

C.1810-1870p.

6.164

1819-1879

142

Lunda (Katanga/Zaire) et.Mussamba t.: Mwata Yamvo Hova Empire (Madagascar) ct.Tananarive Luba

(SE-Zaire)

Zulu Empire (Natal,E-Transvaal)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA - 7.123

7-8

7.1-3

7.11-17

INDIVIDUAL STATES / EINZELNE STAATEN

E a s t

160-dato

A f r i c a

/

O s t a f r i k a

ETHIOPIA / ÄTHIOPEN

7.111 c.l60/a.287-970p.

Aksum (6.111) ct. Aksum, p.750 Ku'bar

7.112-126

Oromo (Galla) States in SW-Ethiopia

7.112

622-1933

c.622-1894

Zagwe{144)

Walamo (Kitura) p.1542-1700 s.Ethiopia

Ethiopia(147)

7.113

a.1270-1883/91

Ennarya (Hinnaro,Inar'it) ct.Saka a.1450-1850p. Dyn.Busaso p.1700-1883/91 Limu-Ennarya

Ethiopia(147)

7.114

p.1330-1889

Gurage (Gerage,Gerawage)

Ethiopia(147)

a.1597-1887 ? -1889 7.115

c.1450-1894

Gurage (W) Soddo (East Gurage)

Öan$aro (Yam-gor,Zenjaro)

7.116 c.1450/1567-1883

Bosa Dyn.Tigre Busase dep.p.1620 äimma (121)

7.117

1534-1574

Galla Confederation (60 tribes)

7.118

c.1560-1898

7.119

1569/74-1606

7.120

7.121

a.1581-1916

c.1620-1933

äeka (§ekko)

Ethiopia{147)

Ethiopia(147)

Boran-Galla ct.1569 Aze,1570 Ambisa Wollo (Wello) Ethiopia(147) t.: Imam, 1878 Ras, 1914 Negus dep. 1815-39, VII.1876-1916 Ethiopia fiimma(-Kakka) ct.Giru/Harrar,Hirmatata (Simma) t.: Moti (king) dep.1886-1933 Ethiopia

Ethiopia(147)

7.122

c.1620-1883

äofa (Harrar)

Ethiopia{147)

7.123

a.1753-1770

Maca (Mocca)

Ethiopia(147)

143

7.124 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA

7.124

p.1800-1859/86

Gera 1859-18.. s.Ennariya(113)

Ethiopia(147)

7.125

p.1800-59/86

Goma (Gemu/Gofa prov.) t.: Abba Boku dep.: 1859 Ennariya (113) 1883-1886 Shoa (146)

Ethiopia(147)

7.126

p.1800-1882/1924 Leqa (E-Wellega) t.: Moti (king), 1881 Dejazmach dep.1881 Wellega

7.127- 143 7.127

7.128

7.129

7.130

7.131

896- 1944

Ethiopia(147)

Muslim States / Moslem-Staaten ( S S E Region)

896/7- 1280/7

£awa (E-Shoa) Dyn.Walasma (Makhzumi), t.: Sultan

p. 989-a.1344

Damot Dyn. Bani al-Hamigal

Ifät(131)

Ethiopia(147)

11..-1537

Bali (Bule/Harrar) t.: Sultan, dep.1332-1537 Ethiopia 1537 conquest by Galla (117)

12..-1580

Dawaro (Harrar) t.: Sultan, dep.1332-1537? Ethiopia c.1580 Galla occup.(119)

1280/85-1415

Ifät ('Awfät/Harrar) ct. a.1400 Dakar dep.1332-1415 Ethiopia

Ethiopia(147)

7.132

a.1300-1570/77

Hadiya in Ar(u)si/S-Ethiopia (147) t.: Sultan dep.1332-1570 Ethiopia,1577 rebellion

7.133

a.1320-13..

Arababni (Ar'en/Harrar) t.: Sultan, dep.Ethiopia (147)

7.134

a.1320-13. .

Dara (Derah/Harrar) t.: Sultan, dep.Ethiopia

7.135

a.1320-1332

Sarkha (n.Arusi/S-Ethiopia) t.: Sultan, dep.Ethiopia

7.136

1415-1543

Adal (Adela,Adem) ct.1475 Zayla, c.1495 Dakar Dyn. Walasma 1526-1543 Imam rule

7.137

1520-1888

Barrar ct.Harrar dep.1583-1647 Galla (119) 11.X.1875-1885 Egypt.rule

144

Ethiopia(147)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA - 7.147

7.138

1577-1975

Aussa (Afar,Asab,Danäkil) Ethiopia (147) ct.: Aussa (Awsa), Sardo, t.: Imam, 1734 Sultan 1672-17.. abolished dep.1909-1975 Ethiopia(147)

7.139

a.1580/90

Angole 1580/90 Galla conquest

7.140

a.1580/90

Badu (?Bidu)

7.141

a.1580/90

Fatajar

7.142

a.1580/90

Gaa

7.143

a.1580/90

Galla(119)

Galla(119)

1580/90 Galla conquest (119) Galla(119) Oron a.1581-1916

7.144-150

920-dato

1580/90 Galla conquest Wollo s.120 Christian States in Central Region / Christliche Staaten in der Zentral-Region

7.144

c.920-1253

Roha (Zägwe) ct.: Roha, 1053 Adefa Dyn.Zägwe (Ze Agew) t.: Nagasi (Negus)

7.145

c.920-1889

Shoa (§awa) Ethiopia(147) et.p.1718 Har Amba,p.l745 Doqait, p.1808 Qundi,1830 Ankober Dyn.Salomo (920-1210 legend.) dep.c.920-1253 Roha 1268-147 0,1855-1865 s.Ethiopia(147) t.: 1470-1808, s.1830 Negus 1808-1830 Ras

7.146

11..-1624

Ethiopia(147) Samièn (Faläsa) et.WegerU/Amba Aghud?,1559 Entcetqab Dyn.Faläsa occup.1542-59,1581-86 by Ethiopia

7.147

1268-dato

Shoa(145)

Ethiopia (1.115) ct.: Dangaz,1636 Gondra,1889 Addis Abeba 1268-1974 Dyn.Salomo t.: Negus negesti occup.1531-1543 by Adal (136) IX.1777-1855 disintegration (Era of Princes) 9.V.1936-6.IV.1941 Italian occupation IV.1941-23.I.1942 Brit.Milit.Admin. 12.IX.1974-dato Republic 1987-1991 Democratic People's Republic s.8.XII.1992 Federal Democratic Republic

145

7.148 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA

7.148

a.1597-1918/57 Begemder (Begimidir) Ethiopia(147) p.1600-a.1735 S . E t h i o p i a t.: Ras, 1917 Negus , dep.Ethiopia 1918-47 Ethiop.governors, t.: Ras

7.149

c.1620-1932

7.150

7.151-175

Gojjam ct.Debra Markos dep.1855-1932 Ethiopia t.: 1882-1901 Negus (king)

Ethiopia(147)

1738-1855

Tigre t.: Ras, dep.Ethiopia s.1777/98 de facto independent

Ethiopia(147)

1340-1894

Southern Region / Süd-Region

7.151

c.1340-1897

7.152

13..-1894

Kaffa (Gomar,Koysa/S-Ethiopia) ct.Bonga c.1690-1897 Dyn.Mingu-Busaso

Ethiopia(147)

Wolayta (?Damut,Wolamo) occup.1600 by Tigre (Shum Tamben) c.1770-1894 New Dynasty

Ethiopia(147)

7.153

a.1350-

Addio (Koro/Gonga state/Kaffa) Dyn.Argepo

7.154

c.1450- 15.

Ennamor

7.155

c.1450

Halaba

7.156

c. 1450-1889/93 Kaiidsat (Cambatta)

7.157

c.1450- 1531p.

Waä

7.158

c.1450- 1531p.

Zecgo

7.159

c.1460- 1537

Gamo

7.160

15. .

Amarro

7.161

15. .

Dorze

7.162

15. .

Eli

7.163

15. .-1620a.

Guman

7.164

15. .

Uba

7.165

15. .

Zala

7.166

146

a.1580

Kayra c.1580 Galla

Ethiopia(147)

äimma(121)

Galla (117)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA - 7.187

7.167-175 c.1600-18..

Dyn.Gosanaa States

7.167

c.1600-18..

Abba Malo

7.168

c.1600-18..

Balta

7.169

c.1600-18..

Basketto

7.170

c.1600-18..

Doko

7.171

c.1600-18..

Sayla

7.172

c.1600-18..

Sofa

7.173

c.1600-18..

Gozza

7.174

p.1800

Konta n.Dawaro, Kaffa

7.175

16..-18..

7.176-177

18..-1909

Oyda Sultanates in the North / Sultanate im Norden 7.176 Biru

Ethiopia(147)

Terü

Ethiopia(147)

7.177

7.18

702-dato

ERYTHKEA

7.181-186

702-1558

Pre-Ottoman Period / Vor-Osmanische Periode

7.181

702-1558

Madri Bahri (Mereb/Dahlaq Isles) Massawa(188) 702-900p. Caliph governors p.900-1558 t.: Amir, 1090 Sultan dep.: Yaman (Banu Ziyad,10.871) 1400-1539p. Ethiopia (147) occup.1517 by Portugal

7.182-186

822-10..

Beja Kingdoms

7.182

a.822-10..

Bacin (Bazin/W-Ahida?)

7.183

a.822-10..

Baqlin (Kunama,Taflin)

7.184

a.822-10..

Sarin (n.Massawa)

7.185

a.822-10..

Naqis (Negas/n.Asmara)

7.186

a.822-10..

Qata'a (Quaita'a/n.Barka valley)

7.187

p.1250-16..

Ansaba (Dayan) Balu Kings, Sultans in Hargigo (Arkiko)/n.Massawa

147

7.188 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA

7.188

1552-1992

Alien rule / Fremdherschaft Erythrea(189) 1552-1865 Ottoman rule 1557-1865 prov.Habes, ct.Massawa s.1589 na'ib (gov.)in Arkiko occup.1813-1826,1830-48 by Egypt 1865-1890 s.Egypt (8.116) ct.Massawa,1875-90 Asmara 15.11.1885-1941 Italian rule 1890 Colonia di Eritrea ct.Massawa, 1935 Asmara 5.II. 1941-1951 British Military Administration 19.11. 1951-1952 United Nations Administration 15.IX.1952-1992 Ethiopian province 1952-20.V.1960 autonom.

7.189 24.V.1992-dato

Republic of Erythrea ct.Asmara

7.19-22

a.300-dato

SUDAN

7.191

a.300-690p.

Nobatia (N) (Nopatia Maris maerotapia,Nuba,Nubia) ct.543 Faras dep.a.300-350 Roma (5.332)

7.192

p.350-1504

Aiwa (Alodia) ct.Soba/n.Khartum, p.1200 Waylula c.750- ? s.Makuria (193) a.1250 fragmentation (9 parts) dep. a.1500 Qarri (197)

7.193

a.569-1334

Makuria (al-Muqurra) ct.c.569 Dongola (Dunqula al-'Aguz) a.651 s.Nobatia (191) 651 Arab invasion dep. 1316 Egypt (Mamluks,8.115)

7.194

7.195 7.196

148

1122-1484

a.1287 1312-1520

Dotawo (Daw) ct.fiabal Adda dep.Makuria (191) Kabusia

(al-'Abwab)

Nubia ct.Derr 1312-13.. Dyn. Bar Sambu 1366-13.. division (2 Kingdoms) 1412-1520 fragmentation (15 kingdoms)

Makuria(193)

Sinnar(198)

Nubia(196)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA - 7.211

7.197

p.1490-1821

Qarri ('Abdallabi confeder.) ct.: Qarri,Halfáyat Mulay, p.1504 Mangil (Manguluk) dep.a.1504-1770 Sinnar (198)

7.198

c.1500-1881

Sinnar (Fun§) (as-Sultana az-Zarqa / Black Sultanate) ct.Lam'u (Um Hajar),1515 Sinnar

7.199

1510-1916

7.200

c.1523-1587

7.201

1587-1822,X.

Egypt.Sudan(211)

Taqali (Nuba mountains) fia'l

Sinnar(198)

Sandi (Sa'dab fia'liyun) ct.Sandi t.: Mak

Egypt.Sudan(217)

7.202

p.1600-1820

Fazu^li t.: Mak

Egypt.

7.203

1680-1821

Saiqqiya

Egypt.Sudan(217)

7.204

1761-1822

Mirafabi ct.Abu Hamid (Berber) t.s Mak

Egypt.Sudan(217)

7.205

1777-1822

ad-Damar (Magadib)

7.206

1821-18. .

Matamma t.: Mak

Sudan

7.207-211 a.1240-1874

West Sudan

7.207

a.1240-1874

Dar Fur Egypt.Sudan(217) éabal Marra/West-Sudan ct.: 1741/2 Khor Tanfalti,p.1782 al-Fásir dep.1240-1603 Kanem (6.112) a.1240-13.. Dadju kings in Ayn Farra c.1400-1600 Dyn.Tungur in Ayn Farra c.1600/40-1874 Kayra Sultanate

7.208

c.1600-1821

Qurdufan Egypt.Sudani ct.al-Ubayd t.: Sultan 1748-1772,17 84-1821 s.Sinnär(198)

7.209

a.1682-1945

Dar Qimr t.: Sultan c.1700-18.. s.Dar Fur(207)

7.210

1874-1891

Öabal Marra

7.211

18. .-1945

Dar al-Masalit

(211)

217)

149

7.212 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA

7.212-216

1490-1960p.

South/ Süd-Sudan

7.212

c.1490-1960p.

7.213

15..-1923

Vungaka

7.214

17..-18..

Wasm al-Bahr

7.215

p.1858-1915

Tambura t.: Sultan

Sudani 218)

7.216

1869-1916

Mbio t.: Sultan

Sudan(218)

7.217-221

1820-dato

Modern / Neuzeitlicher Sudan

7.217

7.218

IX.1820-1883

Shilluk Kingdom ct.: n.Malakali, c,1700 Denab (Konok/n.Fashoda) t.: Breth (king)

Egyptian Sudan et.Khartûm

1882/5-1900,18.1. Mahdi Sudan ct.Umdurman

7.219

XII.1899-1956

Anglo-Egypt.Condominion et.Khartüm

7.220

1.I.1956-dato

Republic of Sudan ct.Khartum

7.221 15.VII.1969-dato

7.23-37

Sudan(219)

Mahdi Empire (2.116)

Anglo-Egypt.Sudan(219)

Republic(220)

Anyidi (Southern Sudan) 1969-72, XII.1983-dato in rebellion

INDIAN OCEAN COAST £ HINTERLAND / Küste & Hinterland am Indischen Ozean

7.23-27

Kenya, Somalia £ Djibouti

7.23-26

700-1895

Pre-Colonial Period / Vor-Kolonialzeit

7.23-24

700-1895

KENYA

7.231-241

700-1848

Benadir Coast : Swahili States

7.231

150

c.700-1848

Bata (Patta Pate) Zanzibar(361) found.689 1203-1866 Dyn. an-Nabhani (Uman,10.828) 167 9-168.,1727-XI.1729 Portug.occupation

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA - 7.244

7.232

c.980-1837/1963

Mombasa ? -12.. p.1250-1589

Nyika kings Dyn.Siràzì 1503 Portug.occupation 1593-1698 Portug.rule 1698-1837 Dyn.al-Mazru 1 i (Mazara,Hinawi clan) 1728-1733 Portug.rule 17..-1746 Umani rule (10.828) XII.1823-1837 Brit.protect. 1837-1887/1963 s.Zanzibar (361) de iure 1887-1963 1887-1963 s.Brit.Kenya (266)

7.233-235

13..-15. .

Manda Island States (n.Lamu)

7.233

13..-15. .

Manda

7.234

13..-15. .

7.235

13..-15..

7.236

13..-a.1650

Ozi (§aka,Unaiza/Gall distr.) Dyn.Ba Uril, Pokomo, t.: Sultan

7.237

14..-1593

Malindi

et.Takwa Kitao Taka

Mombasa(232)

t.: Saykh 7.238

15..

Kilifi

7.239

15..-1890p.

Masai t.: Laibon

7.240-241

15..-1895

Pate Island States / Staaten der Insel Pate

7.240

15..-1895

Faza

7.241

15..-1848

Siyu t.: §aykh

7.242-246

16..-1921

Other States / Andere Staaten

7.242

16..-1826/90

Wanga (Hanga,Imanga) 1826-1890 s.Zanzibar (361)

Brit.(274)

7.243

c.1700-1878

Vumba Dyn.Ba Alawi (Comor.), t.: Diwan dep.1729- ? Mombasa (232)

7.244

c.1830-1890p.

Kitutu

(W-Kenya)

Bri t.Kenya(274)

151

7.245 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA

7.245 7.246

18..-1890p. 1848/58-1921

Nandi

Brit.Kenya(274)

Witu Brit.Kenya(274) ct.1848 Kau,1862 Witu t.: Sultan 19.XI.1890/94-1921 Brit.protect.

7.25-26

I. .-1985

SOMALIA fi DJIBOUTI

7.251

8. .-9. .

Sungwaya (Bur Gao)

7.252

c.920-1828

Maqdisu Zanzibar(351) c.920-1200p. loose federation 975 Republic, elected §aykh p.1200 Sultanate c.1238-1400 Republic, elected Saykh 1400-1585/6 Sultanate 1585/6-16.. Ottoman occupation(s.Moka/Yaman) 16..-17.. Dyn. Abyal

7.253

c.1420-1927

MaSirtayn (NE-Somalia) Ital.Somaliland(273) ct. Alula t.: Bogor (Moqor, Sultan), Darud Somali 16.. tripartition 1.V.1884 Brit.prot.(271) 7.II.1889-1927 Ital.prot.(273)

7.254

15..-17..

A§uran Dyn.: 15..-16.. Muzaffar 16. .-17.. Abyal

7.255

1548-1884

Zayla 1548-1874 Ottoman 1557-p.1595 16..-1874 1874-1884

7.256

c.1583-1931

Gobaad t.: Sultan XI.1884-1931 Ital.protect.

Ital.Somal.(273)

7.257

c.1583-1906p.

Raheita t.: Sultan

Ital.Somal.(273)

7.258

c.1583-1985

Djibouti,Ethiopia Ta§ura (Afar Sultanate) t.: a.1840 Sultan dep.1848-1872 Egypt (217) 21.IX.1884-1977 French protect.(272)

7.259

a.1700-1940p.

Saladi (Geledi/n.Maqdisu) t.: Sultan,p.1897 Ital.protect.(273)

152

Bri t. Sornal .(271) rule s.Habes (187) s.Mocca/Yaman(10.85) Egypt (217)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA - 7.274

7.260

a.1839-1917

Berbera Brit.Somaliland(271) 1821-18.. Egypt occup. (217) 1852-1855/86 domination by : Ayyal Yunis (Habr Garhajis) 1855/86-1917 Brit.protect. 1910-1914/20 dominated by : "Mad Molla" Saykh Muhammad Abd Allah

7.261

c.1870-1925

Obbia (Ho-bioi,Hopai) Ital.Somaliland(273) Dyn.Ma§i rtayn 8.II.1889-1925 Ital.protect.(273

7.262

a.1880-1906p.

Lugh (Luk,Ganane) Ital.Somaliland(21Z) t.: Sultan, 9.VI.1893 Ital.protect.(273)

7.27

1855-dato

Colonial Order & Independence / Kolonial-Ordnung & Unabhäbgigkeit

7.271-273

1855-1977

Colonial Order / Kolonial-Ordnung

7.271

1855/84-1960

7.272

1884-1977

7.273

1889-1960

7.274

1889-1963

British rule in Somalia 1855 in Berbera 1884-1887 in Zayla 20.VII.1887-1960,26.VI. British Somaliland ct.Berbera, 1941 Hargeisa 3.VIII.1889-15.V.93/96/98 Benadir Coast Protect. ct.Maqdisu Djibouti(277) French Somalian Coast ct.Djibouti 1884-1896 Territ. d'Obock et Protectorat de Tadjourah et des pays Danakil 1896-1967 Côte français des Somali et dep. 3.VII.1967-1977 Territoire des Afars et des Issas

Italian Somaliland ct.Maqdisu (Mogadiscio) nomin.sovereign 1889-1905 Zanzibar (361)

Brit.East Africa (Kenya) ct.Mombasa,1897 Nairobi 1889-1895 Brit.East African Comp.admin. 1.VII.1895-1920,23.VII. Brit.East African Protect. 1920-1963 Kenya Colony

153

7.275 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA

7.275-278

1960-dato

7.275

1.VII.1960-dato

7.276

1963-dato

Independent States / Unabhängige Staten Somalia ct.Maqdisu Kenya ct.Nairobi 12.XII.1963-1964 11.XII.1964-dato

7.277

27.VI.1977-dato

Djibouti ct.Djibouti

7.278

18.V.1991-dato

Somaliland ct.Hargeisa

Dominion Republic

7.28-37

975-dato

TANZANIA / TANSANIA

7.28-36

975-1888

Pre-Colonial Period / Vorkoloniale Periode

7.28

975-1930

Coastal / Küsten-Tanganyika

7.281

c.975-1513

Kilwa (Quiloa,Zanj, Zunuj) ct.Kilwa (Butahna)

7.282

c.1200

Shanga ( Island State n.Kilwa)

7.283

p.1300

Tanga

7.284

p.1650-1871p.

Luguru t.: Sultan

7.285

17..-1856p.

7.286

c.1790-1930p.

7.287

1822-18..

(Kilwa-)Kiwinyi

7.288

p.1870-1890

Zigua (Zigula)

Kilwa-Kisiwani 8.VI.1885 German prot. Shambala (Kilindi,Sambaa/E-Tanganyika) ct.Vuga/Usambara

7.29-35

1236-1961

Interior / Binnen-Tanganyika

7.291-326

1236-1961

Northern Regions / Nordregionen

7.291

7.292-298

154

1236/65-1947

1450-1961

Kiziba Dyn.Babito (Luo) Ba-Haya (Waziba) kingdoms

(Distr.Bukoba/NE)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA - 7.307

7.292

c.1450-1936

Ihangiro (Bangiro) Dyn.Bahinda

7.293

c.1450-1939

Kyamutwara Dyn.Bahinda 15..-1600 Great Kyamutwara (Bugabo,K.,Kyanja)

7.294

c.1570-1916p.

Karagwe ct.Bukoba Bahinda Dyn.

7.295

c.1600-1937

7.296

c.1600-1943

7.297

c.1600-1895

7.298

c.1600-1961

dep.l770p. (6 y.)Bunyoro Bugabo

(Mukama county)

Kyanja (Ba-Hinda)

7.299-302

1450-1952

Maruku (Bukara) Bukerewe (Ukerewe/Lake Victoria Island) Dyn.Silanga Bu-Zinza Kingdoms/Reiche (SW of Lake Victoria)

7.299

c.1450-1930p.

Buzinza ct.Bwina

7.300

a.1600-1906

Bushubi

7.301

p.1800-1952

7.302

a.1870-1892?

Dyn.Bahinda Rusubi Kimwani Pare (Asu) Chiefdoms (NE) 1891-1916 German protect.

7.303-305

14..-1916p.

7.303

14. .-1916p. tJgweno (N-Pare) Dyn.: 14..-1500 Washana c.1500Wasuya t.: Mangi Mrwe (paramount chief)

7.304

Sama Dyn.Zigua

7.305

tjsangi

7.306-322

16..-1961

Chagga Chiefdoms in Kilimandjaro Region 19.VI.1885-1916 German protect.

7.306

16..-1961

Marangu

7.307

a.1750-1950p.

Kibosho 1887 in Usseri, 1920 in Liha dep.1840Moshi (314)

155

7.308 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA

7.308

a.l750-1950p.

Kilema t.: Ngowi

7.309

a.1750-1961

7.310

a.1750-195Op.

7.311

17..-1961

7.312

17..-1961

7.313

17..-19..

7.314

c.1800-1950p.

7.315

c.1825-1840/1961 Chagga Confederacy (2/3 of Chagga tribes) ct.Keni c.1825-1840 Confederacy I, Paramount Chief 1840-1893 disintegration after Masai invasion 1893-1932 Confederacy II, Paramount Chiefs 1932-1952 3 superior chiefs & tribal council 1952-1960 Confederacy III, Paramount Chiefs 1960 President of Chaggas

7.316

c.1830-1945

Mbokomo

7.317

p.1840-1962

Machame

Eirua Mamba Keni Mkuu Mwika Moshi

7.318

18..-1920p.

Ms ae

7.319

18..-19..

Samake

7.320

1880-1961

t.: Mangi Siha 7.321

c.1880

7.322

c.1887-1961

Wanri Usseki 7.323-326

18..-1946

7.323

18..-1894

Bukumbi

7.324

18..-1946

Busiha Dyn.Shinyanga

7.325

1893-1905/46

Mwanza (Wasukuma) 1946: Federation, 19 chiefs

156

Sukuma-Land ( SE Lake Victoria) (51 chiefdoms, 30 indep.units) X.1946 Sukuma Federation (7 federations of chiefs) ct.Malya/Maswa district (Wasukuma)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA - 7.340

7.326

18..-1946

Shinyanga Federation, 14 chiefs

7.327-357

16..-1962

Central, Eastern S Southern Regions

7.327-345

16..-1962

Central / Zentral-Region

7.327

16..-1920p.

Sikonge ( 1920: 26 Chiefs ) n.Tabora

7.328

17..-1930p.

Bena t.: Mtema

7.329-334

17..-1900

U-Gogo Kingdoms / Königreiche

7.329

17..-1900

Konko (Gogo) t.: Jumbe

7.330

17

-1900

Kwandali

7.331

17

-1900

Ngulu (Ibahi,Ingamba,Kitalalo,Nagulu)

7.332

18

-1900

Masoka

7.333

18

-1900

Mugunduko

7.334

18

-1900

Njambwa

7.335

a.1820-1898

Nyamwezi Deutsch Ost-Afrika(371) et.Unyanyambe,post.Tabora t.: Sultan dep.1870-1884/88 Okimbu (Ruga Ruga) 1898: disintegration (1959: 150 units, 31 auton.chiefs)

7.336

c.1850-1962

Hehe (Uhehe) ct.1927 Kqlenga/Iringa

7.337

1861/71-1888

Tanganyika(374)

Okimbu (Ruga Ruga)

7.338-340

18..-1942

Kwimba States s.1946 Sukuma Federation (323)

7.338

18..-1942

Nera

7.339

1900-1942

Buhungukira

7.340

1915-1942

Busmao

157

7.341 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA

7.341-345

18..-1938

Maswa (Binza) States

7.341

18..-19..

Itilima (Maswa/Binza)

7.342

1886-1920p.

Mwagalla

7.343

18..-1930p.

Niussu

7.344

19..-1930p.

Nunghu

7.345

1938-19. .

Mestu

7.346-357

1750-1952

Eastern S Southern Regions / Ost- & Süd-Regionen

7.346

c.1750-1880

Kulwe

7.347

c.1750-1932

Usambiro

(Busambiro,Sumbura)

7.348

175?-1948p.

Fipa (Ufipa) Dyn.Twa

7.349

17..-1952

Pogoro

7.350

18..-1894

Bujiji (Jiji), t.: Abami 1882-1894 de facto Arab rule (Bwana Kheri,p.l872 ruler of Sadani)

7.351

c.1800-1900

7.352

1846-1907

7.353

a.1866-1915

7.354 7.355

1902-1941p. c.1916

7.356

1916-1941

7.357

a.1912-1942

(Ulanga district)

Sangu Songea

(Nguni-Mafiti)

Yao Confederacy ct.Mwembwe Jita (Maea) Kwaya Ngruimi Zanaki

7.36

9..-1964

Zanzibar S Pemba

7.361

9..-1964

Zanzibar ct.: Unguja Kuu,1728 Zanzibar, c.1830 Bweni, 1845 Dunga

Tanzania(376)

Dyn.: c.1508-1873 Hadimu (Sirazi) dep.1710-1828 Masqat(10.828) 1828-1963 al-Bu Saidi (Umani) t.: Sultan XI.1890-10.XII.1963 Brit.protect. 12.I.-27.IV.1964 Independent Republic

158

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / EAST AFRICA - 7.376

7.362

a.1220-1822

Pemba (al-Khudhra,Qanbalu) Zanzibar(361) c.12202 Sultanates: M'Fambi & M'Kumbulu 5 chiefdoms occup.1510-1585 by Portugal dep.: 1605-1606 Mombasa (231) 1728-1822 Patta Pate (232)

7.363

1828-a.1880

Tumbatu (N-Zanzibar) Zanzibar(361) found.1200, t.: §eha , dep.Zanzibar

7.37

1888-dato

Colonial Order & Independence / Kolonial-Ordnung & Unabhängigkeit

7.371-373

1888-1963

Colonial Order / Kolonial-Ordnung

7.371

28.IV.1888-1920

7.372

XI.1890-1963

7.373

1.II.1920-1961

7.374-376

7.374

1961-dato

9.XII.1961-1964

Deutsch Ostafrika ct.Bagamayo, 1891 Daressalam s.1916 Brit.occupation

Tanganyika(373)

Brit.Protectorate Zanzibar Tanganyika ( Brit.Mandate Territ.) ct.Daressalam

Independent States / Unabhängige Staaten

Tanganyika ct.Daressalam 9.XII.1961-1962 Dominion 9.XII.1962-1964 Republic

Tanzania(376)

7.375 10.XII.1963-1964

Zanzibar 10.XII.1963-1964 Sultanate 12.I.-27.IV.1964 Republic

Tanzania(376)

7.376

Tanzania (Tanganyika, Zanzibar) ct. Daressalam

29.X.1964-dato

159

7.411 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.4-9

W e s t

A f r i c a /

7.4-6

SAHEL REGION

7.41-51

W e s t

7.41-49

7.411

350-1903

a.350-1234/40

W e s t a f r i k a

S a h e l

(Mali,N-Guinea,Senegambia)

Pre-Colonial Period / Vor-Koloniale Zeit

Ghana (6.121) ct. Ghana (Kumbi Salih/Walata) Dyn.

Mali(460)

a.350-750

Kaya Maga(Berber) t.: Tunka 750/70-1076/7 Sisse Tunkara (Sarakholle/Soninke/Malinka) 1076/7-1087 Almoravid rule (8.135) 1087-1180 Diaresso(Sisse/Soninke) 1180-1234/40 Kante (Sosso)

Kukia (Gungia/Mali) c.690-837 Dyn.Zya (Za)

7.412

a.400-837

7.413

c.508-1285/1520 Takrûr (Senegambia,S-Mauretania) 508-1050/76 dep.Ghana (411) Dyn. : c.508-720 c. 7209. .-1250 c.1250-1285 c.1285-1350 c.1350-1520

Sonrhaï(415)

Jaawogo Tondjon Manna Soninke s.Mali (460) s.Jolof (427)

7.414

c.650-1228/35

Mande (Kiri,Kri,Malal) Dyn.Keita/Traore (Malinka,Mandingo)

7.415

c.670-1599

Sonrhai (6.124) ct.Kukia (Gungia/n.Bentia), 1005-1374 Gao (Kâw Kâw), p.1512 Tandirma

Mali(460)

Timbuktu (426)

c.670-837 Chiefdom Sorko Dyn. : 837-890 890-1325/37 Zagawa (Dugawa/Lamta Berber) 1009/10 Muslim dep.1285/1300 Mali (460) occup.1325 by Mali 1333-1493 Ali Konon Sonni dep.1333-1465 Mali Askia (Soninke) 3.III.1493-1599 occup.IV.1591 Morocco dep.1592-1599 Morocco (8.135)

160

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.422

7.416

c.750-1818/9

Djenne (Little Dya,Dyanaa) ct.: Djoboro(Jenne-jeno,Toboro), a.1250/1400(New) Djenne

Masina(464)

Dyn. : c.750-1043? Nono (Nononke) c.l043-1700p. Mana t.: Djenne-were occup.1468 by Sonrhal (415) 1556-1656 Abu Bakr Waibo Ali in Djenne occup.1596 by Morocco (8.135) 1656-1818/9 S.Timbuktu (426) p.1700-1810 Djenne-were, ct.Forimane

7.417

c.750-1887

Gayaaga French Senegal(508) (Gadiagu,Gajaga,Galam,Guoy,Gwey/Lower Senegal) ct.750 Guessène,800 Galam,Tiyabu Dyn.: c.750-1050 Diarisso/Manga dep.Ghana (411),Takrûr (413) c.1250-a.1500 Sempera-Bacili c.1280-1832 Jawara(Soninke/W) t.: Tunku, 1759-1778 Brit.rule 1832 disintegration : Diomboko,Gaye,Gindimalce,Kamera 1833-1885 s.Bundu (482) 1885-1887 Mamadu Lamin 5.1.1887 French protectorat

7.418

8../10. .-14..

7.419

a.900-1200

Dodunu (Du/Namandiru/SW-Mali) Dyn.: a.900-1076 Ndao dep.Ghana(411) c.1076-c.1200 Konate

7.420

a.902-1818

Barisa (Jaani-Xoore,Yaresi,Yarasma/Ambibedi) 1286 independent occup.p.1790 by Segu (Bambara,478) 1818 destroyed

7.421

a.1010-1910

Gumbu (Alukan/Wagadu/Mali) French Sudani505) ct.Tanganaga,p.1200 Gumbu Dyn.Dukuri dep.Ghana,1235 Mali,1520 Sonrhaï

7.422

c.1050-1230/35

Kanyaga (Diafunu,Diaga,Zafunu/SW-Mali) ct.Sa Demba Dyn.Kante (Soninke/Malinka) dep.p.1190-1230 Sosso (423)

Tâdmâk (Tadmekka/as-Suq/NE-Mali) et.Zakrân Banû Tanmal (Samhaga-Berber) 1109/10 Muslim

Mali(460)

Mande(414)

Mali(460)

161

7.423 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.423

a.1076-1234

Sosso (SW-Mali) ct.Sosso Dyn.Kante (Soninke/Malinka)

7.424

p.1076-c.1520

Walata (W-Mali) Sonrhai(415) Dyn.: Soninke Sankhare dep.1235-c.1500 Mali (460) occup.c.1480 by Mossi (Diamara,551) c.1520 independent

7.425

a.1100-1754

Diara (Zaga,Zara/E-Senegal) Kaarta(AlS) ct.Dya, post.Dyakhaba/Bafing Dyn.: a.1100-1270 Soninke/Malinka c.1270-1754 Jawara dep.Mali(460),1502 Sonrhai(415)

7.426

c.1100-1893

Timbuktu c.1100-1336

7.427-432

1155-1969

7.427 c.1150/1350-1900

Mali(460)

French Sudan(505) Tawarik (Tuareg) occup.1333 by Mossi (Diamara,551) 1336-1433 s.Mali (460) occup.1338 by Mossi (Diamara,551) 1433-1483 Tawarik t.: qadi (Magsaren/clan Mudqit) 1483-1591 s.Sonrhai (415) 1591-1618 Moroccan governors t.: Pa¡a 1599-1669/1705 Dyn.Askia in Timbuktu, dep.1599-1618 Morocco (8.135) 1618-1775/85 Independent Pa¡as (1775-85 vacancy) 1680-1688 Tawarik in Gao 1785-1787 s.Segu (478) 1787-1826 Tawarik domination (Kell Dinnik/Illemed) 1794-1825 nomin.Pa j as 1800-11/12,1818-26 City heads (Heads of Kunta federacy/Azawak) t.: Kahya 1813/14 occup.by Masina(464) VI.1826-1844 s.Masina (464) 1844-1893 Tawarik (Kell Dinnik) t.: Kahya, §aykh occup.1862-1864 by Wassulu (6.132)

W o 1 o f (Serer/Malinka) States (W-Senegal) Jolof ct.Warxox

French Senegal(508) ?Linger/W-Senegal

Dyn.Njay, t.: Buur-ba Jolof dep.1312-1391 Mali(460) 18.IV.1885/3.VI.1889-1900 French protect.

162

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.434

7.428

7.429

1185-1891/1969

1186/1321-1855

Sine Senegal*508) ct.Diakhao (Jaxao)/M1Bissol t.: Buur Sine dep.1350-1550 Jolof (427) 1560: 1/2 territ.loss to Salum(432) 1887/91-1960 French protect.

Halo (W-Senegal) Dyn.Gelwar, t.: Brak dep.: 1235/1321-139Op. p.1390-c.1550 8.V.1819-1855

French

Senegal(508)

Mali(460) Jolof(427) French suzerainty

7.430

a.1200-1894

Baol (Bawol) French Senegal(508) ct.Lambaye Dyn.: a.1200-1620? Wagadu, t.: Teigne dep :.a.1200-1550 Jolof(427) p.1550-1620 Kayor(431) ? 1620-1694 Fal dep.1691-1719 s.Kayor (431) 1694-1894 Gelwar (Gej) 8. III.1883-1894 French prot. 1894 : tripartition

7.431

14..-1886

Kayor French Senegal(508) ct.Mbul/n.Mekhe Dyn.: Gelwar (Gej), t.: Darnel dep.14..-1549 Jolof(427) 4.XII.1863/10.IX.79-X.1886 French protect.

7.432

1493-1884/1969

Salum Senegal(508) ct.Kawon (Cahonne), 1862 Nioro du Rip Dyn.Gelwar, t.: Buur Salum dep.: 1493-1550p. Jolof(427) p.1550-1566 N'Gabu(434) 14.V.1884/7-1960 French protect.

7.433-455

1200-1960

N ' G a b u 4 Gambia States (Guinea-Bissau,N-Guinea,Senegambia)

7.433

a.1200-1230/40

Bainuli (?Banko)

N'Gabu(434)

7.434

c.1235-1903

N'Gabu (Kaabu,Quebu) ct.: Kansala/G.Bissau,1867 N'Doma, 18.. Hamdallaye Malinka confederation, 16..-a.1730 Empire t.: Farin Gabo,16.. N'Gabu Mansaba (Great King) Dyn.: 1235- ? Nyanchu (Nanco/Nobility) dep.Mali, c.1520 Jolof ? -1867 Gelwar 1867-1903 Fulbe

163

7.435 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.435

13..-1865/89

Baadibu (Rip/Malinka) dep.a.1456-1546 Mali(460) 16..-a.1730 N'Gabu(434)

7.436

a.1400-1850

Nyani (N-Gambia) ct.Kataba Dyn.Kamara (Malinka) dep.: a.1400-1520/46 Mali(460) 1520/46-1550 Jolof(427) p.1550-a.1730 N'Gabu (434) c.1850-19.. tripartition

7.437

a.1400-1875/87

Wuli (NE-Gambia) et.Madina Dyn.Wali, t.: Mansa dep.a.1400-1520/46 Mali(460) Jolof(427) c. 1520-1550 p.1550-a.1730 N'Gabu(434) 21.III.1887 French protect.

7.438

a.1444-1830

Kasa (Bainuk-Kasanga,Banyun/Malinka) ct.Birkama/Casamance t.: Kasa Mansa dep.16..-a.1730 N'Gabu (434) 1830 destroyed by Balanta tribe

7.439-441 a.1445-a.1730

Biafada (Dyula) Kingdoms dep.: a.1446-1520/46 Mali (450) 152 0/4 6-1550p. Jolof (427) p.1600-a.1730 N'Gabu (434)

7.439

a.1446-a.1730

Biguba (Bay Rio Grande de Buba)

7.440

a.1446-a.1730

Bissege (N-Nalu)

7.441

a.1446-a.1730

Guinala

7.442

a.1456-1892

Nyumi (Barra/NW-Gambia) ct.Bakindiki Malinka dyn., t.: Mansa dep.: a.1456 Mali a.1520-1550 Jolof 16..-a.1730 N'Gabu a.1730- ? Salum

Brit.Gambia(503)

(460) (427) (434) (432)

7.443-454 a.1456-1960

Kingdoms in South Bank Gambia / Reiche am Südufer des Gambia dep.: Mali (460), a.1520 Jolof (427) p.1600-a.1730 N'Gabu (434)

7.443

Cantor (Kantora) Malinka Dyn., t.: Farin Kabu

7.444

164

a.1456-1872

14..-1855c.

Eropena (Wuropena)

Fuladu(454)

Marabut Gambia(453)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.460

7.445

14..-p.1860

Jarra 1848 Fulbe occup.

7.446

14..-1862

1 .Ail

14..-1872

7.448

14..-1875a.

7.449

a.1590-1872

7.450

a.1590-1868c.

7.451

16.,-1860p.

7.452

a.1651-1875/94

7.453

Baadibu(435)

Jokadu

Fuladu(454)

Klang

Fuladu(454)

Niamina

Fuladu(454)

Jimara Malinka dyn., t.: Mansa Tomani (Tomanna) Malinka dyn., t.: Mansa Fon (Fogny) et.Bintang

Fuladu(454)

Marabut

Gambia(453)

Kombo ct.Birikamna a.1651-1855/75 Dyn. Bojanga 1855/IX.1875-1894 Marabut rule

Brit.Gambia(503)

1851-1887

Marabut State

Brit.Gambia(503)

7.454

1867-1960

Fuladu (Firdu,Fuladugu) ct.Chagna,?Bassi dep.1867-1893 Futa Diallon 3.XI.1883 French protect.

7.455

p.1600-1905

Brasu (Oio/Rio Cacheu)

7.456

a.1200-1882

Gangaran (W-Mali) dep.: 1200-1285 1285-1350 1754-1882 15.11.1882

Port.Guinea(504) French

Sudan(505)

Takrür Mali (460) Kaarta (479) French protect.

7.457

a.1220/30

Mali(460) Mema Soninke (Malinka) Dyn. t.: Mansa Tunkara, Mema Farin, dep.Mali

7.458

a.1230

Cisse (Sisse) dep.Mali(460)

Mali(460)

7.459

a.1230

Kita dep.Mali(460)

MalU

7.460

1235-1751

4 60)

(s.2.123) Segu(478) Mali ct.Djeriba, post.Mali (Nyani/N-Guinea) Dyn.Keita (Malinka) occup. a.1400 by Sonrhai (415) 1634/5-1751 disintegration

165

7.461 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.461

1250/1300-1891

Futa Toro (Senegal) French Senegal(508) Dyn.: 1250/1300 Manna (s.Takrur) c.1300-1400 Tondjon c. 1400-1450 Lam Termes (Fulbe) c.1450-1495 Lam Taga (Lamtuna) 1490/1559-1776 Denyanke (Denian Kobe/Fulbe) t.: Satigi 1776-1891,11. Clerical oligarchy Head: Almamy of Futa Toro

7.462

c.1255-1540/1887 Bainbuk (Bambukhu/SW-Mali) ct.Kundian dep.Futa Toro (461) 5.II.1887 French protect.

7.463

c.l255-1890p.

7.464

French Sudan(505) c.1400-1873/1902 Masina (Mali) ct.1819 Hamdallahi Dyn.: c.1400-1814 Diallo (Fodoro/Fulbe) t.: Ardo dep.: Mali (460),c.1480 Sonrhai(415) 1591-1599 Timbuktu (426) 1814-1873 Amiru 1873-1874 s.Timbuktu (426,Tawarik) 1874-1891 s.Wassulu (Samory)

Runkodugu ct.Daku

7.465-475

14..-18..

Lesser States / Kleinere Staaten in Senegal

7.465

14..

Diokul

7.466

14..

Djilor

7.467

14..

Gagniek

7.468

14..

Kayemor

7.469

14..-18..

Laguem

7.470

14..-18..

Mandak

7.471

14..-18..

Ndukumane

7.472

14..

Ngaye

7.473

18..

Kongheul

7.474

18..

Nionibato

7.475

18..

Pakah

166

MEDIAEVAL S MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.484

7.476

1592-1901

Dendi (Mali) French Sudani505) ct.Lulami, Killo Dyn.Askia occup.1639 by Timbuktu (426) dep.1810-1850 Gwandu (Fulbe/Nigeria)

7.477

15..-1898

Sanburu (N-Guinea)

France(982)

7.478

c.1600-1861/93

Segu (Mali,2.129) ct.1620 Segu-Koro,1766 Segu-Sikoro

France(505)

Dyn.: c.1600-1757

Kulibaly (Bambara) occup.1739-46 by Kong(Dyula) 1757-1766 Anarchy 1766-1861 Diara (425) 10.III.1861-1862,13.IV. Tukulor (6.131) IV.1862-1864 Diara (425) 1864-1893 Tukulor (6.131)

7.479

c.1635-1893

Kaarta (Beledugu/Mali) France(505) ct.: Sunsana(Suntian),1709 Gemuo/Gemakura, Kodie,p.1818 Yélimane, 1846 Nyoro Dyn.: c.1635-1754 1754-1854/70 1870-1893

7.480

p.1650-1905p.

7.481

1680-1916p.

Massasi(Bambara) Bambara dyn. dep.1754-1757 Segu(478) s.Segu (Tukulor)

Fukumba (Fugamba/N-Guinea)

France(982)

Menaka French Sudan(505) (Kel Attaram/Illemed Tawarik,W-Mali) ct.Menaka t.: Amenokal, 1914-1916p. French protect.

7.482

1690/03-1905

Bundu (Senegal) French Senegal(508) Muslim Clerical Oligarchy Head: Almamy (Eliman) dep.: 1690-1693 Gajaga (417) 1718-28/31 Girobe 1858/11.1.87-1905 French protect. 1885-1887 local ruler (Soninke clerical)

7.483

169.-1905

Labe (Fulakunta/N-Guinea) t.: Karamoko (king) dep.p.1690-1896 Futa Diallon (485) 1881/X.96-1905 French protect.

7.484

1796-1861p.

Lebu French Senegal(508) ct.N'Dakaru (Dakar) Muslim Clerical Republic City head (t.: Serigne N'Dakaru)

France(982)

167

7.485 - MEDIAEVAL 4 MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.485

c.1700-1934p.

7.486-488 p.l700-1905p. 7.486

p.1700-1905p.

Futa Diallon (NW-Guinea) French Guinea(982) ct. 1780 Timbo Muslim Clerical Oligarchy t.: Almamy, s.1912 chef du canton 1760-1764 Yalunka (Dyalonke) in Timbo 6.II.1897-1912 French protect.

Khassonke States (Mali,N-Guinea) Khasso (Konyakari) French Guinea(982) ct.Konyakari (N-Guinea) p.1700-1905p. Dyn.Diallo occup.: 1777 by Kaarta (479), IV.1857,1862-1880/7 by Segu (Tukulor,478)

7.487

1848-1878,IX. Sabousire (N-Guinea) Dyn.Diallo

7.488

1855-1887/90

Sainbala (Senegal) ct.Madina Dyn.Diara

7.489

17..-1881

Kankan (Bate/NE Guinea) Dyula Musim Clerical Oligarchy

7.490

c.1787-1910

Nafana (Kabarasana/NE-Guinea) French Guinea(982) ct.Nafana, 18.. Kabadugu(Kabarasana) Dyula Dyn. 1880-1890p. s.Wassulu (496)

7.491

p.1790-1850/1

Tamba (Yalunka/N-Guinea)

7.492

c.1800-1898,4.V.Kenedugu (Sikasso/Soninke) ct.Finkolo,post.Sikasso

7.493

1825-1882

Moriuledugu (Konyan/N-Guinea) ct.Madina (Toron) Dyn.Cisse

7.494

1833-1897

Kamera (Upper Gajaga) ct.Maxana 19.1.1884-1897 French prot.

7.495

1842/50-1888

7.496

168

French Senegal(508)

Dinguiraye(495)

France

France(982)

French Senegal(508)

Dinguiraye (N-Guinea) Dyn. Tukulor

1868-1898,XI. Wassulu (s.6.132) ct.Bissandugu, post.Davakala/Kong t.: Faama, 1884 Almami

France

MEDIAEVAL S MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA. - 7.509

7.50-51

14 62-dato

Colonial Order £ Independence / Kolonial-Ordnung fi Unabhängigkeit

7.501-506

1462-1975

Colonial Order / Kolonial-Ordnung

7.501

1462-1975

Portug. Cabo Verde i?epujblic(511) ct.: Cidade da Ribeira Grande, 1769: Villa de Praia 1462-1495 Fief of Royal Princes s.1495 Crown Colony (1595 Govern.General)

7.502

1617-1960

Senegal & AOF Republic(50B) ct.1659 St.Louis 1617-1678 Dutch rule in Gorée 1626-1763 French companies 12.IX.1763-1960 French colonial administration 1808-1816 Brit.occup. 28.IX.1895-1959 Afrique Occidentale Française (AOF) ct.St.Louis 4.IV.1959-1960 Autonom.Republic of Mali

7.503

1661-1965

Gambia (Brit.Colony) Gambia(509) ct.: Fort James, 1689 Albreda, p.1816 Bathurst (Banjul) occup.by France : 1679-1683 Bathurst, 1679-1857 Albreda 11.1.1901 Brit.Crown Colony

7.504

1879-1974

Portug.Guinea ct.Bolama,1941 Bissau

7.505

3.X.1880-1960

7.506-511 7.506

7.507

1960-dato

Guinea-Bissau(510)

Soudan français Mali(506) ct.Kayes,1904 Bamako 3.X.1880-1890/1921 Haut Sénégal-Moyen Niger (1890-1899 Soudan) 1.1921-1958 Soudan français 24.XI.1958-1960 Autonom.Republic

Independent States / Unabhängige Staaten

20.VI.-22.XI.1960 Mali (Federation Mali & Senegal) ct.Dakar 22.XI.1960-dato

Mali (Republic) ct.Bamako

7.508 20.VIII.1960-dato

7.509

Senegal (Republic) ct.Dakar 1.1982-1989 Senegambia (Federation Senegal-Gambia) ct.Dakar 18.11.1965-dato Gambia ct.Banjul (Bathurst) 18.11.1965-1970 Dominion 24.IV.1970-dato Republic of Gambia

169

7.510 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.510 10. :. 1974-dato

Guinea-Bissau ct.Bissau

7.511 6.V :.1975-dato

Cabo Verde (Republic) ct.Villa de Praia

7.52-69

630-dato

C e n t r a l S a h e l R e g i o n (Burkina Faso, Chad, Niger, N-Nigeria) (dato) = continuity of titular position

7.52-68

630-1903

Pre-Colonial Period / Vor-Kolonial-Zeit

7.511-548

630-dato

H a u s a

7.521-523

p.630-dato

Gobir S Sabu'n Birni (Niger,NW-Nigeria)

7.521

p.630-1808

(Old) Gobir Dyn.Gobirawa p.630-1450 Phase I in Central Niger ct.: Bilma, c.700 in Ahir, c.1150 Hazbin/Ahir,1405 Marendet/Ahir p.1450-1600 Phase II ct.Birni'n Lallé/Gulbin Traka c.1600-1808 Phase III ct.: Maigali,1685/90 Gwaran Rama, 17.. Tibiri,Kukanaya, 1734/42 Alkalawa dep.16..-1785 Bornu (575)

7.522

7.523

7.524

170

States in Niger & N-Nigeria

IX.1808-1891(dato) (New) Gobir (Niger,NW-Nigeria) ct.: Alkalawa, 1815-1817 Kadaye, 1817-22 Dakurawa,1822-23 Birni'n Kumia, 1823-1831 Sao n'Gazo, 1831-35 Dakurawa, 1835 Tibiri (Tsibiri) t.: sarki'n Gobir dep.IX.1808-1891 Sokoto (637) 1860-1903(dato) Sabu'n Birni (N-Nigeria) t.: sarki'n Gobir

c.700/8..-1903(dato) Daura (N-Nigeria) Dyn.: 700/8..-1030 Hausa (legend.) ct.Tsofon Birni 1030-1805/25 Bayagidda (Arabs) 1805-1825 in Sirkan,post.Muria 1805-1904/06 Fulbe in Daura 1809-dato Habe(Hausa) in(Daura-)Zango,1904/06 in Daura t.: sarki'n Daura dep. 1809-1903 Damagaram (666) p.1810-1904 Hausa in (Daura-)Baure t.: sarki'n Daura 1903-1960 British protectorate(692)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.528

7.525

998/999-1903(dato)

Kano (N-Nigeria) ct.: Sheme, a.1133 Kano Dyn.: 998/9-1807 Habe (Hausa) occup.by: 1512 Sonrhai(415), 1580 Zaria(529),1649 Katsina,1671 Jukun dep.1734-60 Bornu(575),1760- ? Gobir(521) III.1807-dato Fulbe , t.: Amir IV.1903-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

7.526

c.1000-1903(dato)

Katsina (N-Nigeria) ct.: 12.. Durombse, Durbi ta-Kusheyi/n.Katsina Dyn.: c.1000-1100 Durbawa c.1100-1220/50 Kumayo (Habe/Hausa) 1220/50-1806/20 Korau (Habe/Hausa) t.: c.1320 sarki'n Katsina ct.1810-1820 Gafal occup.1512-1554 by Sonrhai 1554-1591 dep.Sonrhai(415) occup.by: p.1576 Zaria (528) 1653 Jukun (845) dep. 16..-1784 Bornu (575) 1806-dato Fulbe t.: Amir, sarki'n Sulibawa 1903-1960 Brit.protect.(692) s.a. sarki'n Katsina in Maradi (547)

7.527

c.1100-1805

Biram et.Garin Gabas/N-Nigeria

7.528

c.1200-1902(dato)

Zaria & Vasall States (Kankuma,Zauzau,Zegzeg,Zozo/N-Nigeria) ct.: Turunku,c.1536 Kufena,1580 Zaria/n.Kufena c.l200-1490p. Kankuma (Kwangoma), Kamuku conf. (Kawar,Kufena,Rikoci,Turunku,Wuciciri) p.1490-1641 Zauzau , Dyn.Bakwa t.: sarki'n Zauzau 1641-1804/25 Hausa-Dyn., t.: Sarki'n Zauzau ct.1804/7-25 Zuba Abuja(548) 1804-dato Fulbe Dyn., t.: Amir dep.1804-dato Sokoto (637) 1902-1960 Brit.protect.(692) Vasall States (t.: a.1804-1950p. a.1804-1950p. a.1804-195Op. a.1804 1804-1902 p.1804-1860 c.l830-1950p.

Hadejia(535)

sarki'n) : Fatika (Fulbe) Kajuru (Habe) Kauru Karigi (Maguzawa/Hausa) Bagaji Durum Zaria Kagarko (Fulani)

s.a.: Doma (533), Jama'a (545), Keffi(545), Lafia, (677), Lapai (547), Nassarawa (638)

171

7.529 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.529

p.1200-1903(dato)

Kebbi (1826: Argungu/N-Nigeria) ct.: Gungu, 1350 Surame, 1500 Leka, 1700-IV.1805 Birni'n Kebbi,1826 Argungu t.: Kanta, sarki'n Kebbi Dyn. :

7.530

p.1200-1903(dato)

7.531

p.1200-c.1370

1200-1350 Kanta I (Rima) 1350-a.1500 Kanta II ,1500-dato Lekawa (Kabawa) dep.: a.1500-1516 Sonrhai(415) 1805-1831 Sokoto (637) 1831-1849 s.Gwandu(639) 1849-1866 Gwandu 1903-1960 Brit.protectorate(692)

Zamfara (N-Nigeria) ct.: Dutsi/Sokoto,n.Isa, a.1530-1756 Birni Zamfara,1762-1808 Zamfara p.1200-1500 Confederation (Dutsi,Jata,Kyawa,Togai) p.1200-1350 s.Kebbi(529) c.l500-dato Hausa Dyn. dep. ? -1715 Kebbi,1806-18.. Sokoto(637) 1903-1960 Brit.protect.(692) Zamnagaba (Rano,Zamna Rogi) Hausa-Dyn.

Kano(525)

7.532

12.Chafe(-Kwotorkwashi?/n.Katsina) ct.Yandoto

7.533

1232-1903 (52p.)

7.534

1275/1450-1897(dato)

Nupe (1792: Bida/Central Nigeria) ct.: 1531 Nupeko,a.1591 Gbara, 1796 Raba,1856 Bida 1275/1450-1531 Beni confederation (Bataci,Beni,Dibo/?Ganagana,Zitako,Ebagi) 1531-dato Hausa Dyn., t.: Nupe etsu dep.Igala (Ida,847) 1792 disintegration 1897-1960 British protectorate(692)

7.535

c.1400-1907(dato)

Hadejia & Vasall States Dyn.: 1460-1805 Hausa in 7 states: Auyo,Biram(Garin Gabas),Dawa(Ciroma), Fagi,Gatarwa,Hadejia,Kazaure,Mabudi, dep.Bornu(575) 1805-dato Fulbe in Hadejia, t.: Amir 1907-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

Doma (Arago,Gara/N-Nigeria) dep.1805-1902 Zaria (528) 1902-1952p.Brit.protect.(692)

Vasall States p.1805-18.. Dawa Fagi Macina

172

Hadejia

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.545

7.536-540

14..-1960

Mauri States (Niger)

7.536

14..-1949p.

Arewa ct.: 1734 Kufu'n Birni, 1767 Mato n'Gari (Matakarni) t.: sarki'n Arewa

Niger(693)

7.537

15..-1916p.

Karakara 1900-1916p. French protect.

Niger(693)

7.538

16..-19 6 Op.

Katarma Niger i. 693) ct. p.1868 Dumega 16..-1868p. Mauri/o.Hausa dyn. t.: sarki'n Nassarawa 1900-1960 French protect.

7.539

16..-1943p.

Takassaba ct.p.1827 Bey Bey 1900-1943p. French protect.

Niger(693)

7.540

C.1850-1936p.

Tibiri Dyn.: c.1850-19.. Mauri 1904-1936p. Fulbe French protect.

Niger(693)

7.541

14..-1903(dato)

7.542

a.1700-1902(dato)

Bauchi (N-Nigeria) ct.Bauchi, 1825? Inkil Dyn.: a.1700-1805 Hausa 1805-1964p. Fulbe t.: Amir, dep.Sokoto(637) 11.1902-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

7.543

c.1720-1817p.

Gumna (n.Kuta/N-Nigeria) Hausa-Dyn.

7.544

c.1720-1902(dato)

Kuta (Chiefdom) ct.Gwari n.Minna/N-Nigeria dep. 1825-1902 Abuja (548) 1902-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

7.545

a.1750-1902(dato)

Keffi (Kureshi/Central Nigeria) ct.Kureshi,p.1802 Keffi Dyn.: a.1750-1802 Gwandara (Hausa) t.: Sarki'n Zazzau 1802-dato Fulbe, t.: Amir dep.1802-1902 Zaria (528) VII.1902-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

Yawuri (N-Nigeria) ct.Birni Yawuri dep.1808-18.. Gwandu (639) 1903-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

173

7.546 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.546

a.1750-1904p.

Konni (S-Niger) Niger(693) et.Bi rni'n Konni dep.: 1750-17.. Gobir (522) 17..-1791 Kebbi (529) 1802-1817 Sokoto (637) 1817Gwandu (639) 1904-19. French protect.

7.547

a.1804-1902(dato)

Lapai (N-Nigeria) t.: sarki'n Lapai, Amir dep.a.1804-1812 Zaria (528) 1812-1902 Bauchi (542) 1902-1960 Brit.protect.

7.548

p.1804-1950p.

Lere (N-Nigeria) dep. s.1812-1950p. Zaria (528)

7.549

1807/25-1947p.

7.550

1825-1902(dato)

Maradi (S-Niger) t.: sarki'n Katsina 1904-1947p. French protect.

Niger (693)

Abuja (Central Nigeria) & Vasall States ct.Izom,1828 Abuja t.: sarki'n Zazzau, Amir 1902-1960 Brit.protect.(692) Vasall Hereditary Chiefdoms : t.: sarki'n Abuci Kawu Gwazunu Kuje Izom Kuta (544) Jiwa Zuba

7.551-567

7..-1960

Other Niger S Chad States

7.551-552

7..-1942

West Niger States

7.551

7..-1575

Diamara (I-III) 7..-1133a.Diamara I et.Rozi/n.Niamey 1133/62

a.1250-1575

7.552

174

?16..-1891/1942

Diamara II ct.Minji/n.Kouré (Hausa Niger bank) Diamara III (Proto Mossi) ct.n.Say (Gurma Niger bank)

Torodi ct.Nadiango Fulbe Dyn., t.: Amiru

France

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.560

7.553

7.554

784-1906(dato)

a. 800-1906/60

Kanem ( ? 13. . Organa/Chad, Chad,NE-Nigeria) ct.: c.850 Kawar, ? Manan,p.1150 Ndjîmi, a. 1248 Bornu,16.. Mao Dyn.: 784-1075 Banû Duku (Duguwa,Zagawa) c.1075-1386/1400 Banû Hummay (Mugami,Sefuwa) t.: Mai Kanem 1386/1400-161lp. s.Búlala (566) dep.1507/80-1611p.Bornu p.1611-16.. Tungur occup.(s.Wadai,609) 16..-dato Alifa in Kanem/Mao t.: Alifa (Halifa) dep.Bornu(575) p.1900-1960 French protect.(Chad) Kawar (E-Niger) Niger!, 695) a.800-850 Sao (Sos) rulers in Bila 4 Kawar c.850-11.. s.Kanem (553) 11..- ? a.1760-1906/43p. Tubu Sultanate, ct.Aney dep.1760-18.. Timbuktu(426) 1906-1960 French rule (Niger)

7.555-560

800-1960

7.555-557

p.800-1150

City States / Stadt-Staaten

7.555

p.800-1150C.

Hazbin (Abzin, al-Hazban, al-Harbar ) Gojbir(521)

7.556

p.800-

Maranda (Marandet/n.Agadès)

7.557

p.800-900p.

?

A h i r

Region (W-Niger)

Tikarkarin (Tidkarir,Takarkait n.Agadès)

7.558-560 p.1100-1960p.

T a w a r i k (Kell Tamaseq,Tuareg)

7.558

Issandalan Confederation et.Assodé 13..-1405 disintegration

p.1100-1405

7.559

1405-1960p.

7.560

c.l500-1920p.

GoJbir(521)

Kel Ahir (Agadès/Ahir) JViger(695) ct.Tadeliza,1434 Agadès(Tagades) t.: Sultan occup.1515-1517 by Sonrhai (415) dep.1517-1660/74 Kebbi (529) occup.1532 by Bornu,1740 Kel Wi (560) 1907-1960 French protect. Kel Wi Confederation (Kel Oui,E-Ahir) et.Assodé Elected Head (3 years), t.: Anastafidet dep.c.1500-1740 Kel Ahir (Agadès,559) 1906/17-192Op. French protect.

175

7.561 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.561-563

850-1380

Kano Region

(N-Nigeria)

7.561

p.850-1000/1200

Dala

Kano (525)

7.562

p.850-999

Sheme

Kano (525)

7.563

p.850-1380C.

Santolo

Kano (525)

7.564

990/1150-1841

11..-1902(dato) Bedde (NE-Nigeria) ct.: Dadigar/Borsari,p.1700 Gazai, 1790 Gayin, 1810 Gidgid Dyn.: 11..-17.. Ago, t.: c.1480 Dugum 17..-19.. Gidgid t.: p.1814 Lawan, Mai Bedde, Amir 1902-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

7.565

7.566

11../1372-1922

7.567

c.1200-13..

7.568-573 7.568

Takei(677)

Babaye (Niger)

1204-1952 c.1204-1952

Bulala (Bilala,?Gaoga,Kayi/Chad) ct.Yao,1390-1611 Mao/Kanem dep.1507/80-1611 Bornu (575) Maginga (Kamabri/N-Nigeria) G u r m a n c e

Gurma (Bingo,Gulma/Burkina Faso) ct.: Lompotangu (Sangbatangu),Kujuabongu, 1710 Faya n 1 Gurma Dyn.: c.1204-14.. Buricimba (Bemba) p. 1480-1952 Gurmance (Mossi) Lesser Gurmance States:

7.569

a.1650/1750

Bilanga

7.570

a.1650/1750

Bongadini

7.571

a.1650/1750

Con

7.572

a.1650/1750

Kuala

7.573

a.1650/1750

Piala

176

12..-1960p.

Yawuri(541)

States in Burkina Faso

7.569-573 a.1650/1750

7.574

Nadai(609)

Tessawa (Tazarawa/S-Niger) JVigrer(695) Dyn.: 12..-1893/1959 Tazar t.: Tazar(1893/1914-1928 vacant) dep.: 12..-1386? Kanem (553) 71400-1819 Katsina (526) 716..-1784 Bornu (575) 1819-1893 Maradi (547) occup.1865-66 by Sokoto (637) 1893-1927/60p. Maradi (547) t.: sarki'n Katsina (1927-1959 vacant)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.58 6

7.575

7.576

1386-1902(dato) Bornu (Chad, E-Nigeria) ct.:?Dadja(Kaka),Wudu,Birni?Kimi,Yamia(Muniyo), 1472 ... Dyn.: 1386-1846 Sefuwa (Maghumi) t.: 1484 Halifa, Sultan occup.III.1808-1.09,1810 by Sokoto(637) 1846-1893 al-Kanemi, t.: Sehu 1893-1901 Slave raider rule (Rabah) 1901-1902 French occupation 1902-dato Sehu in Bornu 1902-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

1447/15..-1903(dato) Fika (Bolewa,Daniski/N-Nigeria) ct.: Lariski (Wuyo),1805 Lafiya Moi(Fika),1924 Potiskum 1447-1806 1806-dato

Daniski (Bolewa), t.: Sarki Fika, t.: Moi Fika, Amir 1903-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

7.577

14..-18..

Lurum (Kurumba/Fulse,Tellem/B.Faso) ct.Mengao, t.:Ayo

7.578- 599

1465- 1971

M o s s i

a. 1465- 1540p.

7.578

1465/90- 19..

7.579 7.580

1490/1500-

Bursuma

States

(n.Wahiguya)

Tenkodogo

Yatenga(584)

(Tankudgo,Tankuro)

Ratenga

7.581

p. 1495- 1895/1971

B.Faso(696) Wagadugu (Ubritenga,Zinyare) ct.: 1520 La/Yako,1590 Lumbila, a.1600 Sapone,p.1744 Wagadugu t.: Mogo Naba (Great king) 1895-1960 French protect.

7.582

a.1500-1540p.

Zitenga ct.Tikare , t.: Naba

Yatenga(584)

7.583

c.1500-1650

Zandoma

Yatenga(584)

7.584

c.1540 1895/1971

Yatenga (Kurumba) B.Faso{696) ct.: La/Yao,Gursi,Biisigi,1757/80 Wahiguya 18.V.1895-1960 French protect.

7.585

a.1550-1650c.

Giti (W-Burkina Faso) t.Naaba

1550-1908

Wagadugu Dependencies t.: Dim (except.Naba)

7.586-599

7.586

c.1550-1897p.

(Rawatenga,Zondoma)

Yatenga(584)

Builsa (Bulse,Bulugu,Kanyaga/NE B.Faso)

177

7 • 587 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.587

c.1550-1890p.

Bussuma t.: Dim, Naba

7.588

C.1550-1880C.

7.589

p.1560-1750p.

7.590

c.1650-17..

7.591

c.1650-18..

7.592

c.1650-1890

7.593

c.1650-1876p.

7.594

c.1650-1896

7.595

16..-1908

Kayao

Zerma(Tabarima)

Kugupela (Koupela), Builsa-Dyn. Konkistenga (Conquizitenga)

Yatenga(584)

Mane Risyam (Riziam, Tatenga,) Wagadugu(581),Yatenga(584) Tema Yako Larhallé t.: Naba

7.596

16..-17. .

Naamtenga (Region Luda)

7.597

17..-1875p.

Pisila

7.598

?17..-1825

7.599

18..-1897

7.600

1491-1895/1962/3 Liptako et.Dori Dyn.: 1491-1591 1591-1803 1803-09/10 1810-1962/3

Bussuma(587)

Sussuma(587)

Salma tenga (Region Kaya) Lallé t.Naaba

Burkina Faso(696) Deforo Gurmakobe s.Sokoto (637) Fulbe in Dori t.: Amir

21.VI.1891/95-1960 French protect. 7.601-608

p.1493-1915

7.601

p.1493-1500/16..

7.602

c.1600-1899/1962

S o n r h a 1

7.603

16..-1891p.

Ayoru Djerma (Zarma) ct.n.Gao/Mali,c.1750 Gudel,c.l750 Dosso t.: Zerma-koy dep.1830-1850 Sokoto(637) 1899-1960 French protect. Dargol (Sonhey)

7. 604

c.1650-

Karma

7.605

p.1650-19..

Kokoro

178

States in S-Niger

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.614

7.606

c.1700-1885/1915

7.607

17..-1880p.

Goruol

7.608

17..-1890p.

Namaro

7.609

c.1500-1912(dato)

7.610

1512-1970(dato)

7.611

15. .-1916 (dato)

Tera ct.Tera-Begura, t.: Amiru

(n.Diamara)

Wadai (a.1590/1611: Birgu/Chad) et.: Kadama,p.1650 Wara,1850 Abeshr(Abéché) p. 1550-19.. Dyn.Tungur, t.:Kalak dep. 1835-18.. Dar Fur 13.VI.1909-1960 French protect. 5.VI.1912-1934 French administration Bagirmi ct.Massenya, 1902 Cekna t.: M'bang (Sultan) dep. 15..-1715p.Bornu (575) occup.1835 by Wadai (609) 1892-1901 Slave raider rule 1897-1960 French protect. (Chad) Dar Sila (Guz Beida) Dyn.Dadju (Dar Fur origin) t.: Sultan, dep.Wadai (609) 1911-1916/60 French protect.

7.612-614

a.1515-1936

Ad a r

7.612

a.1515-1681

Darey (Niger) t.: sarki'n Darey dep.1515-1561 Kebbi (529) 15..-1674 Kel Ahir (559) 1674-1681 s.Kel Ahir (559)

7.613

1681-1915/60

7.614

c.1700-1913/36

Ciiad(697)

Region (Niger) Adar(613)

Adar Niger(695) ct.: 1681 Birni'n Adar, 1835 Illela, 1885 Tahwa, Mogor, Tamaske t.: sarki'n Adar(1687-1721 s.Ahir) dep.: 1681-1809 Ahir (559) 1809-1816 Illemid-Marabut(Silani) 1816-1835 Tamezgidda (629) 1835-1855 Sokoto (637) 1900-1915 disintegration : Adar,Adar-Duci(Follakam/E-Adar, Illela, a. 1900-1907/15 Tahua 1904/5-1960 French rule

Lissawan (Kel Illemid/Tawarik) in Tamaske Region/N-Adar t.: Amatazza

179

7.615 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.615

c.1535-1903(dato)

Biyu (Biu,Bubur/Pabir/E-Nigeria) ct.: Limbur,1763 Kogu,1873 Gura/n.Viyu-kuthla, 1878 Biyu Dyn.Yamta, t.: Biyu Mai,1920 Amir occup.1804-18.. by Sokoto(637) 1903-1960 Brit.protect. 1957 Biu Federation : Askirra, Biu, Shani

7.616

c.1535-1948p.

Shani (E-Nigeria) dep.18.. Biyu (615)

7.617

a.1600-1896(dato)

Gan (Kaa/Malinka) ct.Obire/Poni,SW-Burkina Faso t.: Massa King) 1896-1960 French protect.

7.618-626 a.1540-1914

7.618

7.619 7.620

a.1540-

? -19.. 18..-1914(dato)

K o t o k o States in NE-Nigeria & S-Chad, NW Cameroon dep. Bagirmi o. Bornu Sao (S-Chad, NE-Nigeria) dep.Bornu & Bagirmi Afade Gulfeil (Goulfey) S.Cameroon (8.513)

7.621

Maftate

7.622

Missene

7.623

c.1700-1914(dato)

Longone-Birni s.Cameroon (8.511) ct.Karnak t.: Sultan, dep.Bornu (575)

7.624

Ngala

7.625

Sangaya

7.626

Tillam

7.627

15..-1970p.

Niger(695)

Teda Confederation (Tibesti/N-Chad) (Tedagaga,Tomagra/Tubu) ct.Zuar Spiritual Head, t.: Derdei

7.628

a.1600-19..

Kilba (NE-Nigeria) ct.Kurkadil

7.629

p.1600-1944p.

Damergu Niger{693) p.1600-18.. Immezerag Tawarik, n.Zinder c.1785-1944p.Tamezgidda (Musgu) Dyn.Kel Ahir c.1800-1906 Alakwos (Ikaskazanes/Kel Wi)

180

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.641

7.630

a.1650-1916p.

7.631

16..-19..

7.632

1731- ?

7.633-656

1790-dato

Hammonat

Niger(693)

Komuri (S-Niger) dep.Kebbi (529)

JViger(693)

Kanam

(NE-Plateau/Nigeria)

F u 1 b e (Fulani) States in Burkina Faso, Niger, N-Nigeria Djilgodji (Jelgoji/Burkina Faso) ct.Djibo dep.1826-1897 Masina (464)

France(691)

7.633

a.1790-1897

7.634

c.1792-1903(dato)

Pategi (Central Nigeria) t.: Amir, 1903-1960 Brit.protect.

7.635

a.1800-1907(dato)

Say Niger(695) t.: Alfaize 9.V.1897/1907-1960 French protect.

7.636

c.1800-1936p.

Tampkala ct.Birni'n Gauri/Dallol Bosso

7.637

X.1804-1903(dato)

Sokoto (N-Nigeria) ct.Sokoto,1808 Gwandu,Sifawa,1814 Sokoto t.: Amir al-Muminin (Sarkin Musulmi), Halifa,Sultan III.1903-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

7.638

1805-1900(dato)

7.639

1805/17-1902(dato)

Gwandu (NW-Nigeria) ct.: Bodinga,Gwandu,1860 Ambursa, 187 6 Gwandu,1906 Birni'n Kebbi t.: sarki'n Gwandu, Amir 1805-1817 s.Sokoto (637) dep.1817-18.. Sokoto 1902-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

7.640

1806/27-1902(dato)

Missau (n.Kani/N-Nigeria) t.: Amir, sarki'n Birnu-ta-Gabas 1814-1827 Hausa rule 1827-1831 s.Katagum (641) 1902-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

7.641

1807-1903(dato)

Niger(693)

Nassarawa (Kwotto/N-Nigeria) t.:1840 Sarki'n Kwotto dep.1805-1858 Zaria (528) 1900-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

Katagum (N-Nigeria) ct.Tashena,1814 Katagum t.: sarki'n Bornu, Amir 1903-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

181

7.642 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.642

1809-1901(dato)

Adamawa (NW-Cameroon,E-Nigeria) ct.Gurin,1831 Ribadu,1841 N'Yola t.: Modibo, 1848 Lamido (Amiru) dep.1809-1901 Sokoto(637) 1901-1916 German protect. 1916/20-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

7.643

1809-1903(dato)

Gonibe (N-Nigeria) ct.Gombe,1841 Gombe Aba t.: Modibbo Gombe, Amir 1903-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

7.644

1809/26-18..

Shira

(n.Katagum)

7. 645

1810-1902(dato)

7.646

a.1810-1903(dato)

Lafiagi ct.Lafiagi t.: Etsu of Shonga dep.Gwandu (639) 1903-1960 Brit.protect.(892)

7. 647

p.1810-1903(dato)

Kazaure (N-Nigeria) ct.Danbarta t.: sarki'n Arewa dep.1810-1824 Kano (525) 1903-1960 Brit.protect.(892)

7.648

1811-1903(dato)

Jaina'ari (N-Nigeria) t.: Amir, 1903-1960 Brit.protect.

7.649

1820-1903 (dato.)

Vase (E-Nigeria) t.: sarki'n Dutse, dep.Bauchi (542) 1903-1960 Brit.prot.

7.650

1822-1903(dato)

Agaie (Central Nigeria) t.:Amir, dep.Gwandu (639) 1903-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

7.651

1824-1903(dato)

Shonga t.: Etsu 1833-34,1845-47 s.Lafiagi(646) 1903-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

7.652

182

Jama'a (Odroro/N-Nigeria) ct.Jama'a n'Odroro,1926 Jama'a Savari?(Madakiya) t.: Amir,dep.1810-1902 Zaria (528) 1902-1960 Brit.protect. 1959 : Jama'a Federation (Jaba,Jamaa,Kagoro,Moroa)

p.1850-1920p.

Barani (Burkina Faso) p.1850-62 Wankoro/Mali ct.Sati 19..-1920p./60 French rule

France(691)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.666

7.653

1859-1903(dato)

7.654

a.1860-1891p.

7.655

Kontagora (NE-Nigeria) ct.Bogi,1864 Kontagora t.: sarki'n Sudan, Amir 1903-1960 Brit.protect. Ouro-Geladio (Mall) 12.VIII.1891 French protect.

France(505)

18..-1897p.

Aribinda (Burkina Faso) 1897-19.. French protect.

France(691)

7.656

a.1700-1906/21

Muniyo (Mandara) t.: Katselma, 1854 Sultan dep.Bornu (575)

Niger{693)

7.657

c.1700-1917

Azawak JVi ger (693) (Kel Dinnik confed./Kel Illemed Tawar) t.: Amenokal dep.c.1700-1737 Timbuktu(426)

7.658

c.1700-19..

Komono

7.659

c.1700-1956

Tyefo (Burkina Faso) ct.Numudara 1898-1956/60 French protect.

7.660

p,1700-1900p.

Ktrtus (Imaten Tawarik) Niger(693) ct.Kelle, t.: Mai dep.1835-18.. Muniyo (657) 1868-74,1890-1900 Damagaram (666)

7.661

c.1710-1960p.

Bobo Dyula/Wattara dyn.

B.Faso(696)

France)691)

(Burkina Faso)

7.662

1724-1904/15

Gwiriko (Burkina Faso) Dyula/Wattara dyn. 1897-1915 French protect.

7.663

1730-1903(dato)

Borgu (W-Nigeria) t.: Ami r dep.1730-1783 Oyo (715) 1903-1960 Brit.protect.(692)

7.664

c.1730-1902(dato)

7.665

1731-1902(dato)

Damagaram (Zinder) ct.Gueza,1802 Kianza,1822 Zinder t.: Sultan

7.666

1749-1903(dato)

Gumel (Kano Region/N-Nigeria) t. : Amir occup.1851 by Damagaram (665) 1903-1960 Brit.protect. (692)

France(691) France(691)

Bussa (Borgu/W-Nigeria) 1902-1960 Brit.protect.

183

7.667 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.667

17..-1890p.

Ahmet confederation (W-Niger)

Niger(693)

7.668

17. .

Buai

7.669

17. .

Gaskeru (S-Niger) dep.Bornu (575)

7.670

17..-19. .

Keana

7.671

17. .

Mashina

(S-Niger)

7.672

17..-18. .

Mossibi

(Niger)

7.673

17. . -1916p.

Tegazza Niger(693) 17..-19.. Kel es-Suk (Kel Illemed/Tawarik) in Imanan 17..-1916 Logomates in Tengeresef,Tengeredes

7.674

1774-1914/41

Mirria t.: sarki'n Mirria dep.p.1774-18.. Damagaram (666)

Niger(693)

7.675

1836-1913

Washa

Niger(693)

7.676

1841-19..

Takei dep.Damagaram (666)

7.677

1780-1903(dato)

Lafia (Beri Beri/Central Nigeria) et.Aname,1804 Lafia/n.Aname t.: sarki'n Lafia, 1901 Amîr dep.: 1780-1812 Zaria (528) 1812Bauchi (542)

7.678

17. .

Tunbi (S-Niger) dep.Bornu (575)

(N-Nigeria)

(N-Nigeria)

Brit.(692)

7.679

p. 1800-

Kubo (Burkina Faso) Duyla/Wattara dyn.

7.680

p.1800-1897

Lorhosso (Diébugu/Burkina Faso) ct.Loto, Dyula dyn.

France(691)

7.681

18..-1911

Dar Kuti (Chad,Central Africa) et.: Châ,1888 N'Délé dep-Wadai( 609) 1888-1911 Dyn.Sanusì

France(694)

7.682

p.1837-1903(dato)

Ningi (chiefdom) Ningawa/n.Bauchi/N-Nigeria

7.683

c.1830-1890

Dar Runga (n.Abeshr) dep.Wadai (609)

184

Chad(694)

MEDIAEVAL S MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.693

7.684

7. 685

18..-19..(dato)

c.1850-1897/1915

Moundang (Mayo-Kebbi/SW-Chad) et.Léré t.: Golere, Gon (superior chief) 19..-1960 French protect.

Chad(694)

Wahabu (Burkina Faso) France(691) ct.Banga,1860 Wahabu IV.1897-1915 French protectorate

7. 686

1893-1900(dato)

Dikwa (E-Nigeria) ct.Dikwa,1942 Bama 1893-1900 center of slave raiders (Rabah) 1901-1902 French occupation 1901-dato kings, t.: Mai Dikwa, s.1937 Amir 1902-1916 German protect. 1916-1922 Brit.occup. 1922-1946 Mandate territory 1946-1961 UN Trusteeship 1961-dato Part of Nigeria (997)

7.687

1912-1970p.

N'Djamena (Fort Lamy/Chad) t.: Sultan, 1912-60 French rule

7.69

1895-dato

Colonial Order £ Independence / Kolonial-Ordnung & Unabhängigkeit

7.691-694

1895-1960

Colonial Order / Kolonial-Ordnung

7. 691

1895-1960

French Upper Volta Rép.Voltaïque/ Burkina Faso(696) ct.Wagadugu (Ouagadougou) 20.11.1895-1919 s.Soudan français (Mali) Region Volta 1.III.1919-1932 Haute Volta 1.1.1933-1938 s.Soudan (505) 1.1.1938-1947 Haute Côte d'Ivoire 4.IX.1947-1960 Haute Volta 11.XII.1958-60 Autonom.Republic

7.692

1900-1960

Brit.Northern Nigeria Wigeria(997) 1.1.1900-1914 Protectorat of North.Nigeria 1914-1960 Province

7.693

1900-1960

French Niger Niger{695) ct.: Sorbo Haussa,1903 Niamey, 1911 Zinder,1926 Niamey 23.VII.1900-1910 Territoire militaire de Zinder 22.VI.1910-1922 Territoire militaire de Niger 26.XII.1922-1960 Colonie de Niger 19.XII.1958-1960 Autonom.Republic

185

7.694 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.694

1900-1960

French Chad Chad(697) ct.Fort Lamy (N'Djamena) 10.X.1900-1920 Oubangui-Chari-Tchad 10.VIII.1920-1960 Territoire, Colonie du Tchad 28.XI.1958-1960 Autonom.Republic

7.695-698

1960-dato

Independent States / Unabhängige Staaten

7.695

3.VIII.1960-dato

Niger République du Niger ct.Niamey

7.696

5.VIII.1960-dato

Burkina Faso 1960-1984 République Voltaïque 4.VIII.1984-dato Républ.Démocratique de B.Faso et. Wagadugu

7.697 11.VIII.1960-dato

Chad République du Tchad et. Ndj aména

7.698

l.X.1960-dato

Nigeria

7.7-9

900-dato

s.997

G u i n e a n G u l f Co Küste am Golf von Guinea

Pre-Colonial Period / Vor-Koloniale Zeit

7.71-96

a.900-1890

7.71-89

948-dato

E a s t / O s t - R e g i o n

7.711-725

948-dato

South / Stld & West-Nigeria

7.711

948-1911(dato)Igbo Ukwu (Igboland/Anambra,SE) flour.1253-1676 t.: Eze Nri (Priest King) 1911-1960 Brit.protect.

7.712

7.713-721 7.713

186

t /

a.1170-1892(dato)Benin (Bini,Edo/S-Nigeria) ct.Usama (Benin City) Nigeria(997) a.1170 Old dynasty p.1170- ? Dyn. Yodiba (Ife) t.: Ogisi, Oba,1914 Paramount Chief 1892/18.11.1897-1960 Brit.prot.(Niger Coast)

1200-dato a.1200-1930p.

Y o r u b a

States (W-Nigeria, E-Benin)

H e Ife (W-Nigeria) 14..-17.. in Ketu/Dahomey t.: Oni, dep. -1810 Oyo (715), s.1892 Brit.

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.725

7.714

a.1200-1878/93

Ijesha (Ilesha/W-Nigeria) Ekiti confed. t.: Owa

Brit.(986)

7.715

c.1300-1903(dato)

Oyo (W-Nigeria) ct.: Oyo-Ile, 1555-1610 Oyo-Igboho, s.1830 Ago-Oja (Oyo) t.: Alafin 1800/17 disintegration: s.Abeokuta(724),Ilorin(866),Lagos,Oyo

(715)

7.716

13..-19..

Idoma

7.717

14..-1892(dato)

Ijebu (W-Nigeria) Brit.(986) t.: Awulaje, dep.-1810 Oyo(715) 18..-19.. Federation: Ijebu-Ode,Ijebu-Remo 1892-1960 Brit.protect.

7.718

14..-1825/194lp. Owu t.: Olowu 1825 destroyed by / zerstört durch Fulbe

7.719

14../1750-1894(dato)

Ketu (Dahomey,995) ct.Ketu t.: Alaketu, 1908 chef du canton c.1886? destroyed /zerstört durch Dahomey 29.V.1888-1894 Brit.protect. 11.1894-1960 French protect.

7.720

16..-1850c.

Sabe (Save,Tshabe/Dahomey)

7.721

17..-18..

Dassa (Dahomey) Dyn.Egba

7.722

16..-17..

Great Popo

7.723

17..-1949p.

Ibadan (W-Nigeria) t.: Bale, 1936 Olubadan dep. ...-1810 Oyo (715) 1892-1949p. Brit.protect.

Brit.(986)

7.724

p.1830-1914(dato)

Abeokuta (Egba) ct.Ake t.: Alake (leading Oba/king), p.1797-1854 vacant: 1830 Milit.chiefs t.: 1844-1854 Sabua (Chief) 1893/1914-1960 Brit.protect.

7.725

c.1836-1862

Ijaye (W-Nigeria) t.: Are Ona Kakamfo dep.Oyo (715)

Ibadan(723)

187

7.726 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.726-787

1298-dato

A k a n States (Ghana, Togo) (1629: 38 States)

7.726-752

1298-dato

F a n t e

7.726

1298/1450-1897(dato)

7.727

14..-1902p.

7.728

c.1530-1902p.

States

Bono (Abrong,Boony,Brong) ct.Tatema(Bono-Mansu),1740-1861 Tekyiman t.: Bonohene,1740 Tekyimanhene, occup.1723-1740 by Ashanti (768) dep.1740-18..Ashanti 1897-1957 Brit.protect. Fantyn (Fanti,Mankesim) ct.Kwaman (Mankesim) p.1725-18.. Ashanti (768) 18..-1902p. Mankesim Oguaa (Cabo Corso,Cape Coast) 1652-16.. Swedish protect. 1664-1902p. Brit.protect. 1867 Admin.center of Gold Coast

7.729

c.1550-1876(dato)

7.730

15..-1856(dato)

7.731

p.1590-1844(dato)

7.732

16..-1950

Agona Ghana(992) (Aguna,Agwano,Janancomo, Denkyira) ct.: Nyakrom, 1620 Denkyira, 1670 Abankieso,1824-1873 Djukwa 16..-1701 Empire t.: ?, 1931 Amahin (chief) occup.1689 by Akwamu, c.1720 Assin(740) dep.1701-187. Ashanti (768) 10.VII.1876-1957 Brit.protect. Ankobra (Abripiquem,Appolonia,Jomoro,Nzima) dep.1715-1856 Ashanti (768) 1856-1867 Brit.occup. 1.1.1868-1872 Dutch protect. 1872-1957 Brit.protect. Azbra (Abura,Arbora) ct.Arbrakampa occup.1705 by Ashanti (768) 6.III.1844-1902p. Brit.protect. Annamabo (Anomabo) dep.1807 Ashanti, 1873-1950 Brit.protect.

7.733

a.1629

Abrambo (Cabesterre)

7.734

a.1633-1856(dato)

Winnebah (Simpa/Efutu n.Agona) 1856-1957 Brit.protect.(981) t.: 1927 Paramount Chief

188

Brit.(981)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.750

7.735

c.1685-19. .

Bonoso (Brong-Aha fa/E-Akim,Wanqui,Wenchi) ct.Ahwene Koko (Old Wenchi,destr.1711) dep.1711- Ashanti (768)

7.736

a.1686-1873

Twifo ct.Twifo (Braffo) dep.: 1686/90-1712 1712/3-18.. 12.III.1844-1873

7.737

a.1686-1844

Brit.(981) Agona (729) Ashanti (768) Brit.protect.

Wassa (Wasen,Wassaw) Amanfi(lAl) & Fiaso dep.: a.1690-1713 Agona (729) 1713/26-1844 Ashanti (768)

7.738

16..-1873(dato)

Nkusukum (Yamuransa) t.: Omanhene 1873-1957 Brit.protect.

Brit.(981)

7.739

17..-1844p.

Adjumako 27.III.1844-18.. Brit.protect.

Brit.(981)

7.740

a.1720-1805

Assin Apemanim (Gomoa Asen) ct.Manso Ama Adai,Kw.Aputai(744-745)

7.741

17..-1844p.

Asikuma (Essikuma) 22.IV.1844-18.. Brit.protect.

Brit.(981)

7.742

17..-1805

Assin Attendansu (Atandanso) ct.Nyankumusi (Nxankumu)

Tsibu (746)

7.743

a.1800-19..

Abeasi

Brit.(981)

7.744

1805-1902p.

Ama Adai (E-Assin) 1873-1902 Brit.protect.

7.745

1805-1902p.

Kwaku Aputai (W-Assin) 1873-1902p. Brit.protect.

7.746

1805-18..

Tsibu

7 .747

1844-dato

Brit.(981) Ainanfi (Upper Wassa) 22.VII.1844-1868,1872-1957 Brit.protect 1.1868-1872 Dutch protect.

7.748

1844-1844p.

Donadi 6.III.1844-18.. Brit.protect.

Brit.(981)

7.749

18..-1844p.

Donomassi 6.III.1844-18.. Brit.protect, t.: 1917 Paramount Chief

Brit.(981)

7.750

18..-1844(dato)

Ekumfi t.: Omanhene 18.III.1844-1957 Brit.protect.

Ghana(992)

189

7.751 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.751

1844-1902p.

Fiaso (Wiaso,Lower Wassa) Brit.(981) 2.XII.1844-1868,1872-1902p. Brit.protect. 1.1868-1872 Dutch protect.

7.752

1868-X.1871/73

Fante confederation (31 chiefs) t.: King President

7.753-757

1390-1730

G u a n States

7.753

p.1390-1730

Begho (Bahaa,Bew,Bitu,Insokha,Nsoko,Socco) et.Ganeboafo/Kwahuland Dyn.Atara

7.754

14..-159./1690

Adosseny

7.755

159.-17..

Atti

7.756

15..-a.1630

Avratu (Obotu) ct.Gomoa

Ga

7.757

15..-a.1629

Semya

Ga

7.758

1702/10-1888p.

(Efutu,Fetu)

(Atsu,Etsi)

Ekiteki(793) Assin(740)

Kwahu Brit.(981) dep.1702/10 Akwamu (761) 17..-1880p. Ashanti (768) 5.V.1878/5.V.1888Brit.protect.

7.759-787

14..-1941

Other Akan States

7.759

14..-1928

Atlanta (Anta,Busua) Brit. (981) dep.9.11.1685-1725 Brandenburg(-Preussen) t.: 1912 Paramount chief

7.760 1480/1500-1895(dato)

Adanse (Akyerekyere) Ghana{992) ct.Adansi-manso,1660 Dompoase,post.Fomena t.: Adansehene, Dyn.: 1480/1500-1657/60 Asakyiri Adanse confed. c.1660-17.. Asine 17..-1957 Koona dep. Ashanti (768) 18.X.1895-1957 Brit.protect.

7.761

Akwamu (Aquambol,Ocqui,Twifo-Leman) ct.: Asamankese,1600 Nyanaoase/n.Nsawan, 1734 Akwamufie c.1500-1734 Western Kingdom (Atewa hills) occup.1730 by Akyem Abuakwa(762) 1734-1886/195Op. Eastern Kingdom 18.VIII.1867-1886,9.V.1887-1957 Brit.protect. 27.VII.1886-1887 Brit.annexation

190

c.1500-1867(dato)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.771

7.762

c.1500-1887(dato)

Akyem Abuakwa Ghana(992) ct.1815 Kibi(Kyiobi),p.1866 Banso t.: Okyehene Dyn.: c.1500-1720 I. c.1720-1815 II. occup.1742 by Ashanti(768) 1815-1866 III. 1866-1912 IV. 18..-1957 Brit.protect. 1912-dato V.

7.763

15..-183Op.

Adom (Tshifor Atoam,Tufel/W-Coast) dep.17..Ashanti (768)

7.764

p.1590-1729p.

Akron (Aklon,Akrong) ct.Apam dep.Fantyn (727)

7.765

p.1590-1860p.

Akyem Kotoku ct.: Dampong,1824 Gyadam(Jedem), 1863 Nsuaem (Insuaiem),Kotoku Oda t.: Kotokuhene

7.767-770

15..-1901

O y o k o

7.767

15..-1896(dato)

Dwaben (Jabl,Juaben) ct-1870p. Dwaben (Apeayinase) t.: Dwabenhene dep.1831-1874 Ashanti(768) 1875/16.11.1896-1957 Brit.protect.

7.768

c.1600-1901(dato)

Aahanti ct.: Asumenya Sanetmanso, c.1680 Kumasi (Okumase) t.: Asantehene, vacant 26.IX.1901-24.IV.1933 4.II.-III.1874 Brit.occup. 16.VIII.1896-1957 Brit.protect. direct Brit.admin.26.IX.1901-11.I.1935, 1.1.1902 annexation (981)

7.769

c.1600-1900

Kokofu (Asiakwa) ct.: 1620 Asiakwa,1660 Kokofu dep.16..-1876 Ashanti (768) 18.11.1896-1900 Brit.protect.

Brit.(981)

7.770

c.1600-1890p.

Nsuta (Ansuta/N-Region) ct.p.1680 Nsuta dep.16..-1880p. Ashanti(768) 30.I.1896-189Op. Brit.protect.

Brit.(981)

7.771

p.1751-1960p.

Chokossi Anufo(Kyokossi,Tyokosso/Sansanne-Ma/NW-Togo) 1899-1914 German protect. 1914/20-1960 Brit.protect.

Clan States

191

7.772 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.772-774

1600-1887

S e h w i (Safwi) States

7.772

c.1600-1887(dato) Sehwi (Safwi,Wiawso) dep.p.1686-1701 Agona (729) 1701/2,1721-1887 Ashanti (768) 18.11.1887-1957 Brit.protect.

7.773

p.1620-1715/21

Aowin Ashanti(768) ct.p.1690 Enchi,Enyini Nsu/Anwianwia dep.p.1686-1701 Agona (729)

7.774

a.1629-1729p.

Inkassa

7.775

(Ahasia,Enhassar,Iggina)

17..-1896(dato) Bekwai I.II.1874 Brit.destruction II.1.1896-1957 Brit.protect.

7.776

a.1629-1729p.

7.777

16..-17..

Akanny (Haany/Lake Bosunkoi) Lake Bosunkoi Region

7.778

16..-1890p.

Attaburu (Atebubu,Tebu/Brong) 25.XI.1890-189. Brit.protect.

7.779

16..-1679/88

7.781

16.

-17.

a.1650-1894/1918

Ladoku (Adangbe,Ningo) 1702 destroyed/zerstört

Brit.(981)

Akwamu(761)

Tafo France(691) Wa (Wale/Mossi) t.: Wa-Na, 1894-1895 Brit.protect. 1895-1918 French protect.

7.783

17..-18. .

Akyem Bosume ct.Akyem Swedra

7.784-785

1700-1874

B r e t u o

7.784

1700-1874(dato) Manpong (Bretuo) t.: Mamponghene, dep.Ashanti(768) 18..-1957 Brit.protect.

7.785

17. .

192

AdansH 760)

a.1646-1856(1941) Akwapim Brit.(981) ct.Asamanhese,post.Nyanawase,post.Akuropon (Akropong) t.: Okuapemhene dep.1646-1730 Akwamu (761) 1731-1856 Ashanti (768) 1856-1941 Brit.protect.

7.780

7.782

Kammana (Krobo Region)

Afigyaase

States

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.796

7.786 7.787

17..-1820p. c.1740-1896(dato)

7.788- 790

1392-1960

7.788

1392-1960

7.789

7.790

Gambaga (Muslim s.Mamprusi/Dagornba) Nkoranza (Koransa/Ghana) dep.1745-18.. Ashanti (768) 18.1.1896-1957 Brit.protect.

B a r i b a

States (Dahomey/Benin)

Nikki (Borgu) Dahomey(995) 71894- Brit.protect.,1897-1960 French protect.

c.1790-1895/1911/6 Kandi Dahomey(983) dep.179.-18.. Nikki (788) 12.III.1895-1911/6 French protect. 1791-1897/1961

Kwande

Dahomey(995)

7.791

1416/76-1899(dato)

7.792

14..-17..(dato)

Asebu (Assubu,Sabu) t.: Omahene dep.: Fantyn (727), p.1717-17.. Assabu (Baule/Cdl) 17.. disintegration

7.793

14..-1873

Ekiteki (Akatakyi) ct.Aguafu (Eguafo) occup.1663 by Portugal

Brit.(981)

Brit.(981)

Dagomba (Dagbona/N-Ghana) ct.: Tamale,Gambaga, Dipali(Yendi Dabari),1713 Yendi t.: Ya Na 1713 Gonga invasion dep.1744-1874 Ashanti(768) 18 96 German invasion 14.XI.1899 Brit.-German partition 1899-1957 Brit.protect.(981)

7.794

a.1472-1873(dato)

Aksim (Atsyn/Nzima Region) 1502/15-1642 Portug.protect. 11.1642-1872 Dutch protect. 8.1.1872-1957 Brit.protect.

7.795

c.1480-1902

Manprusi (Mole-Dagbani/Mossi/N) ct.Gambaga,1700-1902 Nalerigu t.: Nayigi (Nayiri), 28.V.1894/12.I.97 Brit.protect.

7.796

a.1482-1873

Elmina (Edina,Eduan) dep.Ekiteki (793) 1482-1637 Portug.protect, dep.16..-1700 Agona (729) 1637-1872 Dutch protect, t.: a.1732-1869p. Amanhin 1872-1873 Brit.protect.

193

7.797 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.797

a.1503-1896(dato)

Dixcove (n.Ahanta) 1503-15.. Portug.protect. 1642-16.. Dutch occup. 1691/97 Brit.occup. 21.VII.1844-1868 Brit.protect. 1.1868-72/96 Dutch protect. 10.11.1896-1957 Brit.protect. t.: 1912 Paramount Chief

7.798

c.1510-18..(dato)

Ga-Adangbe (Greater Accra) Dyn.Tunumaa t.: Ga Manse in Ayawaso 15..-16.. Ga Mashie in Central Accra occup.1677-1679 by Akwamu (761) 18..-1957 Brit.protect.

7.799

15..-16..

7.800

c.1550-1660

Fomena (Adanse confederation)

7.801

c.1550-1956

Oonya (Gongya/Kwa) Brit.(981) ct.1550 Yagbum/n.Bole,1770 Nyanga,Danzongo t.: Yagbumwura,Nabaga (Wadli?Naba) dep.1732/44-18.. Ashanti (768)

7.802

c.1600-1879

Banna (Banda/Brong/Central Ghana) 17..-1799 in Bona

7.803

c.1600-18..(dato)

Dua Yaw-NJcwanta 18..-1957 Brit.protect.

7.804

p.1620-1856(dato)

Labade (Ga, La Mantse) occup.1744/5 by Ashanti(768) 1.1782Danish protect. 1856-1957 Brit.protect.

7.805

1629-

Nungua (Ga)

Abranbo (Abrem, Etsi?state/n.Kommande)

7.806

a.1629-19..

7.807

1640-dato

Sekonde (Saccowe/n.Ahanta) 1640-1872 Dutch protect, p.18..-1957 Brit.protect.

7.808

1683-19..

Kommenda (Coitimani) Bri t. (981) t.: Ohenkommenda dep.1683-1690p. Ekiteki (793)

194

Takoradi Sekondei807) (Taccorada,Tecaren/n.Ahanta) 16..-1664 Dutch protect. 1664-16.. Brit.protect. 4.II.1685-16.. Brandenburg protect, dep.16..-18.. Ashanti (768)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.829

7.809

17..-19..

Ghofan (Muslim/NE-Ghana) 18..-19.. Brit.protect.

7.810

17. .

Krakie & Bassa states dep.1744/5Ashanti(768)

7.811

c.1720-1966

Kxobo (Akro Natebe)

7.812

17..-18 9 Op.

Hahcale

7.813

18

Abodum 11.1.1896-

7.814

-1896p.

Brit.(981) Brit.protect.

18

Afianasi

7.815

18

Aaoko (Asini) t.: Eze (Asogu)

7. 816

18

7.817

18

7.818

18

7.819

18

-1896(dato)

Brit.(981)

Asunafo-Ahafo 10.11.1896-1957 Brit.protect. Aauri

-19. . Bantama

7.820

-1896(dato)

Bechim Ahafo 22.11.1896-1957 Brit.protect.

-1896/19..

Borumfu 10.11.1896-19.. Brit.protect.

18

7.821

18

7. 822

18

7.823

18

Dagarti

7.824

18

Deb re

7.825

18

Doriman

7.826

18

7.827

Brit.(981)

Brit.(981)

Busie (Dagati) -dato

-1896

Dadlasi

Dormaa Ahenkro (Region Domaa/Brong-Ahafo) 10.11.1896 Brit.protect.

Brit.(981)

18..-1896/1901

Ejisu (Asante Region) 10.11.1896-1901 Brit.protect.

Brit.(981)

7.828

18. .

Issa

7.829

18..-1896(dato)

Kumawu 10.11.1896-1957 Brit.protect.

195

7.830 - MEDIAEVAL S MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.830

a.1860-18..(dato) Manya Erobo (Adangbe) ct.Odumasi , t.: Konor 18..-1939/57) Brit.protect.

7.831

18..-1896(dato) Ofinso 10.11.1896-1957 Brit.protect.(981)

7.832

18.

Trugu

7.833

18..-dato

Tumu

7.834

18..-19..

Ham

7.835

18. .

Wogu

7.836- 844

14..-1960

Benin (Dahomey) States

7.836

14..-1900

7.837

Brit. (981)

Brit.(981)

Abomey (Fong) Dahomey(983) ct.1730 Allada 14..-1600 Legend.kings c.1600-1900,12.II. Dyn.Adja t.: Alafin, dep.1748-1825a. Oyo(715) 3.XII.1891-1900 French protect.

c. 1440-1891 (1923) Allada (Adja Tado,Ardra/Aja) Dahomey!, 983) c.1440-15.. Legend.rulers 15..-1923 Dyn.Kokpon dep.p.1680 Oyo (715) 1724-1742 s.Abomey (836) 18.XI.1891-22.VI.1894 French protect.Allada

7.838

15..-1892

Dahomey(995) Widah (Ajouda,Houeda,Juda/Aja) ct.Save dep.: 11.1727-1775 Abomey (836) 1775-1891 s.Abomey (governors) 30.XI.1891-1892 French protect.

7.839

1688-1960p.

Porto Novo Dahomey(995) (Aj age Ibo,Adj ashem,Hogbonu,Ndj at) ct.Ajase dep.17..-18.. Oyo (715) 1.VII.1884/3.X.90-1960 French protect.

7.840

16..-1902

Savalu (Mahi/N-Region) dep.Abomey (836)

7.841

p.1750-18..

7.842 7.843

196

17..-18. . .17. .-1960p.

Djugu (Sugu) Gurmance dyn. dep.Kwande(Bariba, 790) Itsha Paraku

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.851

7.844

18..-1960p.

Aledju (Nyantruku,Okuoku)

7.845-875

1350-1964

Central & Coastal / Zentral- S Küsten-Nigeria

7.845

a.1350-18../1927

Jukun (Kororofa-Wukari/Central Nigeria)

Brit. (987)

ct.: Kororofa (Kwararafa),c.1660 Pi (Puje), a.1700 Kororofa,c.1800 Use,c.1820 Wuk a.1350-1600 c.1600-1927

Jukun Confederation : Kona,Gwana/Gateri,Pindiga Kororofa-Wukari c.1600- ? Empire 18..-1927 Brit.protect.

7.846

13..-1891

Kalahari (Efik/Egbo,Ibibio) Srit.(986) Cross River Region/S.Nigeria ct.Buguma a.1668-1891 Old Calabar 17.. New dyn., t.:p.l800 Obong

7.847

14..-1957p.

Igala (Igara/Kabba/Central Nigeria) ct.Idah, t.: Aftah

7.848

7.849

Brit.(987)

c. 1450-1886 (1964) Nenibe (Efik/Ibibio City State) (Brass, Debe,Itebu,Nimbi,Ogbia,Osomari) ct.Nembe c.1450- ? Dyn.Mingi/Ijaw t.: Amanyanabo p.1700-1960p. Dual Monarchy : p.1700-1959p. Bassambiri p.1700-1964p. Ogboloamambiri Vasall States 1.III.1886-1960 Brit.protect. (986-987) : 15..-1957p. Odioma 15..-19.. Okpoma

14..-1884(dato) Onitsha (Igbo) t. : Oba 9.X.1884-1960 Brit.protect. (986-987)

7.850

c.1475-1894/1965

7.851

15..-1885/92

Warri Iselema (Itsekiri/Benue) ct.Warri (Ode Itsekiri) Benin-Dyn.,t.: Olu (1848-1936 vacant) 21.XII.1894-1960 Brit.protect. (986-987) Bonny (Ibani,Okoloba/East Delta) 17.. new dyn., 5.VI.1885 Brit.Oil River Protect, restoration of kingship 1929

Brit.(986)

197

7.852 - MEDIAEVAL S MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.852

a.1505-1888p.

Okrika (E-Delta) 17.V.1888 Brit.protect.

7.853

a.1550-18.

Okuta (Igbo) t. : Oba

7.854

p.1550-1949p.

Aboh (Abo Obuchili Osinchi) t.: Obi Ossai

7.855

a.1600-1884(I960)

Creek Town (Efik-Ibibio/Delta) Dyn.Eyo, t.: Obunko dep.1820-a.1829 Atakpa (858)

7.857

p.1600- 1854

7.858

p. 1650-1852p.

Brit.(986)

23.VII.1884-1958p. Brit.protect.(986) Obutong (Old Town/Efik-Ibibio/Delta) Atakpa t.: Eyamba 24.VII.1884-1952p. Brit.protect.(986) 7. 859

a. 1700-1854p.

Qua (Cross River Region)

a. 1710-184 Op.

Koton Panda (Igbirra/Kabba) t.: Nassarawa Ohegu 1853 Fulbe conquest

a. 1750-1964p.

Koton Karxfe (Igbirra) t.: Okinoye 18..-1960 Brit.protect.

7.860

7.861 17..-18..

Nsidung (Henshaw Town) dep.Atakpa (858)

7.862 7.863

a.1800-1863p.

Awome (Elem) Kalahari (New Calabar) ct.Elem Kalahari t.: Amakari

7.864

c.1800-1893(1960)

Ekiti (Yoruba) Confederation 18 crowned heads (t.: Oba) : dep.1850-1878 Ibadan (723) Members (& capitals) : Iddo (Olojudo) Itaji Ado, t. : Ewi Aiyede (Ata) Ijero (Ajero) Obo Akure (Deji) Ikere (Ogoga) Ogotun Ara (Alara) Ikole (Elekole) Okomesi Effon (Alaya) Isan (Onisan) Otun Emure (Elemure) Ise (Arinjale) Oye

(Onitaji) (Owa) (Ologotun) (Olojaoke) (Ore) (Oloye)

1878-1893,1920-1952 Ekiti Confed.(Ekitiparapo), incl.Akpopo, Igbomina, Ijesha 1893-1960 Brit.protect.(Lagos,980)

7.865

198

c.1800-19..

Enugu-Agidi

Brit.(986)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.882

7.866

1810/17-1897(dato) Ilorin (West-Nigeria) 1810/17 s.Sokoto Fulbe Dyn. t.: 1831 Amîr 18.11.1897-1960 Brit.protect.

7.867

a.1820-1882/5

Asaba (Igbo) Brit.(986) t.: Obi 1885 admin.center Royal Niger Company

7. 868

18..-19..(dato) Okpe 19..-1944 vacant

7.869

18..-1889p.

Ondo (S-Nigeria) Brit.(986) ct.Ode-Ondo t.: Oshemawe, 20.11.1889 Brit.protect.

7.870

1869-1886

Opobo (Efik) 1.1.1884-1886 Brit.protect.

Brit.(986)

7.871

18..-1920p.

Pai Igala-Dyn., Brit.protect.

Brit.(986)

7.872

19..-dato

Agulu 19..-I960 Brit.protect. (986-987)

7.873

? -1910

Akpulu

Brit.(986)

7.874

? -19..

Ogbunike t.: Eze

Brit.(986)

7.875

19..-1951p.

Oke-Ona

Brit. (986)

7.876-885

16..-1960

Togo States / Staaten in Togo

7.876

16..-1956

Anlo (Anglo,Awuna/Ewe) ct.Anloga (Awunaga)

7.877

1663/87-1929p.

7.878

17..-1915p.

Kpandu ( Ewe ) ct.Gabi

7.879

17. . -1921p.

Peki ct.Krepi t.: Fia, dep.1707-1733 Akwamu(761) 1856/7.X.1886-192lp. Brit.protect.

7.880

a.1764-1960p.

7.881

c.1750/70-1955

7.882

1812-1949

Glidji (Ewe)

Kpessi t.: Fiaga (Paramount Chief) Anecho (Little Popo) 19.VII.1883-1955 French protect.

Brit.(981)

Togo(994)

France{98A)

Agwe

199

7.883 - MEDIAEVAL S MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.883

a.1830-1897p.

Kabu German Togo(984) 23.VII.1897-19.. German protect.

7.884

c.1840-1914p.

Kotokoli 1888-1914 German protect.

7.885

1875-1898

Kumde

7.90-99

1400-1960

Upper Guinean Coast / Ober-Guinea-Kuste (Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone)

France(984)

7.901

a.1400-1450p.

Falama (Susu, Soninke/S.Leone) dep.c.1450- Sapi (902)

7.902

c.1450-1550a.

Sapi Quoja (912) (Çapiji, Sapes, Tyani/S.Leone,S-Guinea) Tribal Confederation : Baga, Landuma, Limba, Nalu, Temne, Yalunka t.: Beca (Emperor of the Sapes) 1545 Manes invasion

7.903

c.1480-1960p.

Namumba Côte d'Jvoire(985) (Nanum/Mole Dagbani,Mossi) et.Bimbila 28.VIII.1892-1890p. Brit.protect. p.1890-1960 French protect.

7.904

c.1495-1713

Sonja (Côte d'Ivoire) et.Pembi

7.905

a.1500

Kono dep.Sapi (902)

7.906

p.1500-1898

Temne (Port Lokko) S.Leone(975) ct.: c.1582 Rotumba, 1680 Port Lokko, p.1720-1890 Robanna/Bagos t.: p.1500 Obe Vriga, a.1605 Bai,1817 Alikali c.1560-a.1720 Mani dep. a.1620-1670p. Karu (910) a.1720-1815 Sulu

7.907

Côte d'Ivoire(985) c.1550-1898(1960p) Abron (Gyaman/Brong,Jedem) ct.Bonduku dep.1740-1875 Ashanti (768) 1898-1960 French protect.(985)

7.908

C.1560-1827p.

200

Bullom S.Leone(975) (Kaffu-Bullom/Sherbro/N-Sierra Leone,S-Guinea) t.: Bai Sherbro, dep.1620-1670p.Karu a.1605 N-Bullom 1605.p.-18.. Bullom Confederacy

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.923

7.909

a.1567-1899

Bureh (Mani) Mani dyn., t.: Bai Bureh

7.910

a.1568-1680a.

Karu (Kru/Coastal Liberia,S.Leone) ct.in Cape Mount region/S.Leone Confederation, dep.Folguia (911)

7.911

15..-16..

Folguia (Liberia)

7.912

15..-1600a.

Quoja (Sierra Leone)

7.913

15..-187 0p.

Tuba

7.914

c.1600-18..

S.Leone(975)

Karu(910)

(Malinka/Côte d'Ivoire)

Buna (Côte d'Ivoire) Dagomba dyn.

7.915-921 p.1600-1923

Solimana S Vasall States

7.915

Solimana French Guinea(982) (Cilm/Yalunka in N-Sierra Leone, S-Guinea) ct.: 1780 Falaba/Rokel spring 1884-1888 Falaba occup.by Wassulu (496)

7.916-921

p.1600-1884/95p.

1650-1940

Solimana Vasall States

7.916

c.1650-1921

Dembelia-Sinkunia French Guinea(982) ct.: c.1750 Sinkunia (1820-98 destr.), p.1820 Manakon Dyn. Mansaray (Yalunka), t.: Manga

7.917

a.1760-1919

Folosaba-khori Dyn.Kamara

7.918

17..-1940

7.919

p.l760-1888p.

Dembelia-Musaia ct.Musaia

7.920

c.1780-1894(1923)

Kabelia-khori ct.Kalota, 1891 Simitia Dyn.Samura p.l910p. Paramount Chief

S.Leone(975)

Kaliere Dyn.Samura 1893/31.VIII.1896 Brit.protect.

S.Leone(975)

French Guinea(982)

Denibelia-khori French Guinea (982) a.1900-1940 French protect. French Guinea(982)

7.921

1891-1896p.

7.922

a.1605-1904,IV.

Bena (Sussu/N-Sierra Leone,S-Guinea)

7.923

a.1605-1690c.

Mitombo (Logos, Mani/Temne) dep. Quoja (912), Karu (910)

201

7.924 - MEDIAEVAL 4 MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.924

a.1607-18..

Koba French Guinea(982) (Baga/Rio Nuñez,Rio Pongo/NW-Guinea) ct.Bangalan Dyn.Bangura dep.1607-c.1730 N'Gabu (434)

7.925

c.1650-17..

Bagati (Baga) dep.N'Gabu (434)

7.926

c.1650-17..

Tabunsu (Baga)

7.927

a.1688-

York Island (Sherbro/Sierre Leone)

7.928

1692/1715-1843(1934) Krinjabo (Anyi-Seriwi/Aboisso Region) 1843-1934 French protect.

Cote d'Ivoire(985)

7.929

a.1700-1957p.

Abrada Cote d'Ivoire(985) ct.: c.1800 Kuro, 1904 Abradina 1890p.-1960 French protect.

7.930

c.l700-1890p.

Kong (Brong/Senufo) Cote d'lvoirei.985) 1889-1890p. s.Wassulu (496)

7.931

c.1710-1840(1958) Baule (Brong) Cote d'lvoirei985) ct. Wareba 1840-18.. disintegration 189Op.-1958 French protect.

7.932

a.1713-19..

7.933

1715-1960

Kpaka (Gallinas) 1888-19.. Brit.protect.

S.ieone(975)

Anyi N'Denye (Akan) States in Cote d'Ivoire

a.1715-1885(1960p.)Abunguru dep.1715 Aowin(773) 1885-1960 French protect. a.1715a.1715a.1715-

7.934

202

Bettiye Diabee Morunu

c.1720-1888(1901p.)Banana Island, Buape S.Leone(975) & Shenge/Plaintain Island (NW) Dyn.Caulker (Corker) 1757-1810 local branches in Banana & Shenge, 1820-1901p. in Bumpe 1888-1901p. Brit.protect.

MEDIAEVAL S MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.951

7.935

c.1720-18..

Morea (Kisi-Morea,Melakhori/Khassonke/S-Guinea) ct.Forecaria Moribia kings

7.936

a.1730-1865/1900

Nalu French Guinea(982) (Kakonde,Kata-Wattara/W-Guinea) ct.: Dominguia,c.1795 Tia/n.Boffa, Sokoboly 1865-1891,II./1900 French protect.

7.937

a.1750-1816

Bakia (Rio Pongo/W-Guinea) c.1750-1816 Portug.Dyn.Gomez

7.938

a.1750-1884p.

Bramaya (S-Guinea) French Guinea(982) Dyn.Kamara, 3.IX.1884 French prot.

7.939

1756-1856p.

7.940

p.1760-

Maliguia (N-Sierre Leone,S-Guinea) Sussu dyn. Toumania (n.Kankan/E-Guinea) Sussu dyn. French Guinea(982)

7.941

17..-1818/50p.

Bafodaya (Limba)

7.942

17..-1866/92p.

Landuma French Guinea(982) (Landuma-taye,Kokoli/Boke/NW-Guinea) ct.Wakaria 21.1.1866-1892p. French protect.

7.943

17..-1880

Kanea

7. 944

17..-1807

Ko-Fransa (Temne/N-Sierra Leone) dep.Temne (906)

7.945

a.1794-1852p.

Wonkafong (N-Sierra Leone/S-Guinea) Sussu dyn.

7.946

a.1800-1871p.

Ashua (Côte d'Ivoire) ct.Ahuekore,p.1800 Amiassae

7.947

a.1800-1964

Euasso (Alangwa) ct.Alangwa

S.Leone(975)

(Suma-Horo/Yalunka/S-Guinea) French Guinea(982)

7.948

18..

Dabakala (Côte d'Ivoire)

7.949

18..-1889p.

Djimini-Tegnanan (Côte d'Ivoire) 26.1.1889 French protect.(985)

7.950

18..-1888

Dubreka 4 Tombo (Conakry) Sussu dyn.

French Guinea(982)

Gunba

French Guinea(982)

7.951

18..-1888

203

7.952 - MEDIAEVAL S MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.952

18..-1919

Kpaa Mende

7.953

Mankono (Côte d'Ivoire)

7.954

Séguéla (Senufo/Côte d'Ivoire)

7.955

Vankuru Damba (Côte d'Ivoire)

S.Leone(975)

7.956

a.1825-1898

Yoni (Sherbro Island) t.: Bai Sherbro

S.Leone(975)

7.957

c.1826-1880

Aku (Yoruba)

S.Leone(975)

7.958

a.1836-1875

Tonko Limba

S.Leonei975)

7.959

a.1850-1921

Nieni

S.Leone(975)

7.960

p.1850-1897

et.Yifin S.Leone(975) Tikonko 7.961 7.962

7.963

S.Leone(975)

a.1854-1892 p.1880-1895

1886-1888/1906

Rowula & Samaya Lawua (Mende/SE) et.Kailahun

S.Leone(975)

Bumban (Biriwa) 1888-1906 Brit.protect.

S.Leone(975)

7.964

a.1889-1898

Panguma

S.Leone(975)

7.965

a.1892-1914

Mano (Gbonjema)

S.Leone(975)

7.966

1895-1962

7.967

1898-1956

Nongowa et.Kenema Brit.protect.

S.Leone(975)

7.968

1907-1947p.

Safroko (Limba) Brit.protect.

S.Leone(975)

7.97-98

1482-1974

7.971

1482-1682

Elmina (Ghana) 19.1.1482-1642,9.1. Portug.Fort 1642-1682,6.IV. Dutch (s.1612 in Fort Mourel)

7.972

1638-1872

Dutch Gold Coast ct.1650 Fort Crevecoeur/n.Accra 1782 Brit.occup.

204

Korhogo-Bundiale (Senufo) 1895-1960 French protect.

C.d'Ivoire(985)

Colonial Order / Kolonial-Ordnung

Brit.(981)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.983

7.973

1657-1868

7.974

V.1682-1719

7.975

1792-1961

7.976

Gross-Friedrichsburg (Brandenburg.)

Sierra Leone (Brit.) S.Leone(998) VII.1808 Crown Colony, ct.Freetown

11.1834-1857,3.111. Maryland (Liberia) dep.USA

7.977

VII.1835-1839

7.978

IV.1837-1841

7.979

1.IV.1839-1847

7.980

Brit.(981) Cape Coast/Cabo Corso 1657-1663 Fort Carlsborg (Swed.) 1663-1664 Dutch occup. IV.1664-1874 Brit.colony in Cape Coast, 1843-1874 s.Sierra Leone(975) 1661-1868 Christiansborg (Osu,Orsaky?), 1661-1679 Danish rule 1679-1682 Portug.rule 1682/5,1698-1868 Danish rule

1862-1906/12

Liberia(991)

Bassa Cove (Buchanan/Liberia) dep.USA

Liberia(991)

Sinoe dep.USA

Liberia(991)

Liberia (Commonwealth) et.Monrovia

Liberia(991)

Lagos (S-Nigeria) dep.: 1866-1874 Sierra Leone 1874-1886 Gold Coast

7.981

VI.1751-1957

7.982

12.X.1882-1958

French Guinea Guinea(993) ct.Conakry 1882-1891 Territoire des Rivières du Sud XII.1891-1958 Guinée française

1883-1960

Dahomey Dahomey(994) ct.Cotonou 1883-1891 Territoire de Cotonou S Protectorat de Porto Novo 22.XII.1891-1894 Etablissements français du Golfe du Benin 22.VI.1894-1960 Dahomey Colonie,1946 Territoire d'Outremer

7. 983

British Gold Coast Ghana 1992) ct.: Cape Coast, 1876 Accra (admin.), 19.III.1877 Christiansborg (Go) 27.III.1822-28, 1843-1957 Crown Colony 1.1.1902 Colony Asante & Northern Territories

205

7.984 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA

7.984 6.VII.1884-1960

Togo et.Lomé 6.VII.1884-1914 26.Vili.1914-1919 4.IX.1916-1960

Togo(994) German rule, 1.1.1905 Kolonie Togo Allied (Anglo-French)occupation French administration 24.VI.1956-1960 Auton.Republic

7.985

1891-1960

Côte d'Ivoire française Côte d'Ivoire(996) et.1900 Bingerville,1.IV.1934 Abidjan 4.XII.1958-1960 Auton.Republ.

7.986

1891-1914

Niger Protectorates Nigeria(987) 1891-1893 Oil River Protectorate 1893-1900 Niger Coast Protectorate l.X.1900-1914 Protectorate (28.11.1906: Colony & Protectorates) of Southern Nigeria

7.987

1914-1960

British Nigeria Nigeria(997) ct.Lagos 1.1.1914-1954 Colony & Protectorates l.X.1954-1960 Auton.Federation of Nigeria

7.99

1839-dato

7.991

1.IV.1839-dato

7.992 6.III.1957-dato

Independent States / Unabhängige Staaten

Liberia ct.Monrovia 1.IV.1839-1848 3.1.1848-dato

Commonwealth, dep.USA Independent Republic

Ghana ct.Accra 6.III.1957-1960 l.VII. 1960-dato

Dominion, Republic

7.993

2.X.1958-dato

Guinea République de Guinée ct.Conakry

7.994

27.VI.1960-dato

Togo République Togolaise ct.Lome

7.995 1.VIII.1960-dato

7.996 7.VIII.1960-dato

206

Benin ct. Cotonou 1.VIII.1960-1975 3.XI.1975-dato

République du Dahomey Républ.populaire du Benin

Côte d'Ivoire République de la Côte d'Ivoire ct.Abdijan, 1984 Yamoussoukro

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / WEST AFRICA - 7.999

7.997

1.X.1960-dato

Nigeria ct.: Lagos,12.XII.1991 Abuja l.X.1960-1963 Dominion 1.X.1963-dato Republic, Federal Republic. Federal States : V. 1967-1976 III.1976-VII.1988 VIII.1991-dato

12 21 30

Regions ( & capitals) : C = Central, E = East, N = North, S = South, W = West, NE = Norh East, NW = North West, SE = South East, SW = South West Nigeria Abia SE (Umuhahia) Adamawa E (Yo1a) Abuya C Akwa-Ibom SE (Uyo) Anambra SE (Awka) Bauchi N Benue SE (Makurdi) Borno NE (Maiduguri) Cross Rivers SE (Port Harcourt) Delta Rivers S(Asaba) Edo S (Bendel,Benin) Enugu SE Imo S (Owerri) Jigawa N (Dutse)

7.998 27.IV.1961-dato

7.999

Raduna C Kano N Katsina N Rebbi NW (B.R.) Rogi C (Lokoja) Rwara W (Ilorin) Lagos SW Niger (Minna)W Ogun SW (Abeokuta) Ondo S (Akure) Osun SE (Oshogbo) Oyo W (Ibadan) Plateau C (Jos) Pokoto NW Taraba SE (Jalingo) Yobe NE (Damaturu)

Siecra Leone et. Freetown 27.IV.1961-1971 Dominion 19.IV.1971-dato Republic

30.V.1967-15.1.1970 Biafra (SE-Nigeria) ct. Port Hartcourt

Nigeria{991)

207

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / NORTH AFRICA - 8.118

8 8.1-2

NORTHERN, EQUATORIAL & SOUTHERN AFRICA N o r t h

A f r i c a

/

N o r d a f r i k

8.11

395-dato

EGYPT / AGYPTEN

5.111

395-642

Byzant.Egypt / Ägypten ct.Alexandria (-IX.642)

J.112

641-969

Caliph Province / Provinz der Kalifen 641-868/935 Caliph governors ct.: Bäbalyün, 642 al-Fustät Misr, 750 al-Askar/Cairo 15.IX.868-905,10.1. Dyn.Tülün ct.al-Qäta'i', t.: Sultan 2.IX.935-969 Dyn.Ikhsid ct.al Fustät/Cairo, t.: Sultan

¡.113

VII.969-1171

Fätimid Caliphs / Fatimiden-Kalifen ct.972 Misr al-Qahira (Cairo), al-Mu'izziya t.: Caliph

¡.114

6.IX.1171-1250

¡.115

1250-1517

Mamlük Dynasties / Mamluken-Dynastien ct.Cairo, t.: Amir, 1259 Sultan 1250-1382 Bahrits 26.XI.1382-1517 Circass.(Bur§its) 27.-30.I.1517 Ottoman conquest

¡.116

1517-1922

Ottoman Egypt / Osmanisches Ägypten et.Cairo 1517-1805 Ottoman govern., t.: Pa$a, Wali 1768-1804 Mamluk Beys, de facto rulers 1.VII.1798-1801,28.VI. French occupation 8.III.1801-1803 Brit.occup. 2.XI.1805-1922 Dyn.Mehmed Ali t.: Wali,8.VI.1867 Khedive (Viceroy), 19.XII.1914-1922 Sultan dep.11.IX.1883-1936 Brit., 1914-1936 form.Brit.protect.

¡.117

15.III.1922-1953

8.118

18.VI.1953-dato

Banü Aiyub Sultans / Aiyubiden-Sultane ct.: Cairo, t.: Sultan

Kingdom/ Königreich ct.Cairo, 1922-1936 Brit.protect.

Republic / Republik ct.Cairo 18.VI.1953-1958 Republic of Egypt 22.11.1958-1971 United Arab Republic 11.IX.1971-dato Arab Republic of Egypt (Jumhuriya Misr al-Arabiya)

209

8.121 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / NORTH AFRICA

8.12-14

8.121-134

363-dato

MOROCCO / MAROKKO

Regions in Mediaeval Times / Regionen iin Mittelalter

8.121-124

363-1471

Northern Region / Nördliche Region

8.121

363-739

Early Middle Ages / Frühes Mittelalter 363-410/29 Berber Princes / Berber-Fürsten 429-709/39 Alien rule / Fremdherrschaft (151) 683-705/9 SabtcT (Ceuta) Rebell.Princes / Rebellen-Fürsten

8.122

709-1084

Nakûr (Nakhara/Rif-Region) Almoravids{135) ct.Tamsâmân, 761 Nakûr Agasi 709-971 Banû Sâlih occup.by : 858 Normans, 917-919,920-921,929 Banû Miknasa 935-936 Fatimids (173) dep.951-971/1002 Umaiyads (Andalus,15.481) X.971-973 Banû Idrîs 973-998 Banû Zîrî 998-1009 Umaiyad rule (Andalus,15.481) 1009-1019/20 Banû Sâlih (restored) 1020-1069/84 Banû Ya'la

8.123

739-1471

TanSa (Tangiers) Portugal(15.573) 739/4 s.Bagarwata (125) 740-789 Caliph governors 789-828 s.Fas (126) 828-949 Banu Idris (local branch) 949-9.. Umaiyad govern.(Andalus,15.481) 9..-972/4 Zirid govern.(Ibn Ganim) 972/4-1016? Umaiyad govern.(Andalus,15.481) 71016-1063? s.Malaga (Spain,15.507) 10..-1257 s.Almoravids,Almohads (135) 1257-1267 Local dyn. 1267-1273 s.Sabta (Ceuta,124) 1274-1421 s.Marraqus (139) 1421-1471,28.VIII. Independent

8.124

p.741-1415

Sabta (Ceuta) p.741-931 931-1016 1016-1061 10..-1250p. a.1257-1306 V. 1306-1309 VIII.1309-1374 1374-1415

210

Portugal,1580 Spain (15.573,530) Banu Aysam Umaiyad govern.(s.Andalus 15.481) s.Malaga (Spain,15.507) s.Almoravids, Almohads (135) Banu'1-Azafi dep.1275-1306 Banu Marin (135) s.Granada (15.503) s.Band Marin (135) s.Granada (15.503)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / NORTH AFRICA - 8.129

8.125-129

739-16032

Central Region / Zentralregion

8.125

739-1059/1149

Bargawata (Banû Masmûda/Tamasna) Confederation (theocracy) 742-744 Umaiyad Caliph rule dep.1029-1033 èalla (127)

8.126

789-1472

Fas

Banû

¡fattasi

135)

Dyn.: 789- 920/7 Banû Idrîs (B.Magrawa) ct, : 788 Walila (Qasr Fa'ûn),789 Madinat Fas, 809 Fas , t.: 11.789 Imâm of Auruba dep.917-921 Fatimids (173) occup. 920,925 by Fatimids Banû Miknasa, dep.Fatimids (173) 927- 931 931- 955/6 Umaiyad suzerainty (Andalus,15.481) occup.933-34,935-9.. by Fatimids Banû Khazar (B.Magrawa) 955/6-985 Muqatil (B.Magrawa) 985/6 985/6-1053 Banû Zîri, et.994 Wagda (Oujda) occup.1022,1033,1037/8 by Salla (127) 1053- 1062 1062- 1067/8 Banû Hammuna occup.1063/4,1067/8 by Almoravids 1067/8- 1243 Almoravids & Almohads (135) 1243- 49/50 Banû Hafs (156) de facto independent 1249/50- 1305 Banû Marin (135) 1305/16- 1465 Imamat (Banû Idris) 1465- 1472 8.127

828-1603

Salla (Chella,Salé/Region Tadla) Dyn.: 828-917 917-9.. 9..-990p. p.990-994 994-1058 1058-1248 1248-1465 c.1465-1603

8.128

8.129

828-10..

p.828-950

Band Idris (local branch) Band Miknasa, dep.Fatimids (173) s.Fas (126) s.Bagarwata (125) Banü Ya'la (B.Ifrän/Zanata-Berber) ct.Tadla, p.1054 Agmat Almoravids & Almohads (135) Banü Marin (135) occup.1260 by Spain Basis of Pirates / Seeräuber-Basis

Asîla (Arzila) 828-8.. Banû Idris (local branch) 8..-926 p.926-1000p. Banû Muhammad ct.Hagar an-Nasr (Qasr al-Kabir) Arasqûl Banû Idris (local branch)

211

8.130 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / NORTH AFRICA

8.130-131

8.130

740-1059

c.740-1057/8

Southern / Südliche Region

Nafis Dyn.: c.740-8.. p.828-9..

(al-Süs al-Aqsa)

Almoravids(135) Band Masanuta Banü Idris local branch) t.:(elect.chief)Anjar,Suyukhar

9. .-10. . 10..-1057/8 Masmüda 8.131

828-1058/9

Aépnat Dyn.:

Almoravids ( 135) 828-9.. Banü Idris (local branch) 909/12 occup.by B.Miknasa (dep.Fatim.) 971-1054p. Banü Khazar (B.Magrawa) p.1054-1058/9 Banü Ya'la (s.Salla,127)

8.132-134

772-1563

Eastern / Östliche Region

8.132

772-1274

Tafilalt ct.Sigilmasa(Rissani),999 Dar'a,1016/7 Sufruy 772-806 806-976

Sufrit rule Banü Midrar (B.Miknasa/Zanata Berber) occup.VIII.910,960-963 by Fatimids(173) 976/77-1053/4 Banü Hazrun (B.Magrawa) dep.Umaiyad (Andalus,15.481) 1054/56-1147 Almoravids (135) 1147-1264 Almohads (135) 1264-1274 s.Tilimsan (155)

8.133

828-1472

Taza & Hawara 828-9.. 912-9. . dep.931-963p. 963p.-1056 1056-1196 1196-1472

8.134

1430-1563

Dabdü

Banü Idris (local branch) Fatimid rule Umaiyad rule (Andalus,15.481) Almoravids,Almohads (135) Taza , ct.1226 Taza

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / NORTH AFRICA - 8.139

8.135

1058-dato

All Morocco Dynasties / Dyn.in ganz Marokko

1058-1147

Almoravids (al-Muräbitün) 1054 in Awdagast ct.1062 Marräqus t.: Amir al-Muminin

1147-1269/75

Almohads (al-Muwahhidün) s.1121 in Igillis,1124/5 in Tinmalläl(Tinmel/Nafis) ct.: 1147 Marräqus,1269-1275 Tinmalläl t.: Mahdi, Caliph

1249/IX.1269-1465

Banû Marin 1249-1.1250,IX.1250 in Fas ct.1269 Marräqus,1276 Fasal-Öadid t.: Sultan

1465-1559

Banû Wattas ct.: 1465 Asila,1472 Fas

1549-1626

Banû Sa'd ct.Fas

1632-dato

Banû Alawî ct.: 1632 Tafilalt,1669 Fas, 1912 Rabat

8.136-147

Regions in Modern Times / Regionen in der Neuzeit

8.136-138 1603-1680

Central Region / Zentralregion

8.136

1603-1668/80

ad-Dila (al-Bakiriya), zawiya

8.137

1626-1666

Fas 1626-1641 1642-1662 1662-1666

8.138

1627-1668

Banü Alawl{135) Anarchy Marabut theocracy occup.10.VII.1649,1650 B.Alawi Republic

al-âarb

.139-142 1243-1886

Southern / Südliche Region

.139

Marräqus (Marrakesch)

1243/69-1669

Banû Alawî (135)

Banû Alawî(135)

1243/69-1465 semi-independent governors 1465-1524 Hintata, t.: Amir 1524/54-1612 s.Banü Sa'd (135) V. 1612-III.1619 Marabut (Theocrat.)Republ. 1659-1669 §abbana Arab domination

213

8.140 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / NORTH AFRICA

.140

.141

.142

8.143-144

1254-1703

Sus al-Aqsa Banu Alawi (135) 1254-1340 Banu Yaddar (b.Idder) 1340-1510/11 .. 1510/11-1603 Banu Sa'd, ct.Tarudant 1557-1611 s.Marraqus (139) 1611-1627 Marabut rule 1627-1670 Banu Sanlaliyun, ct. Igil 1670-1672 s.Fas (135) 1672-1703 Alawit Pretenders (Isma'il as-Samin, Ibn Ariba) t.: Sultan

c.1600-1670/1886 Gulimin Alt Musa (clan Tekna) dep.1670-1727/90p.B.Alawi

Banu Alawi{135) (1727-90p.formal)

c.1600-1670/1882 Tazarwat (Tezarwalt) Banü Alawi (135) Ait Müsa(clan Tekna) dep.1670-1727/9Op. B.Alawi (1727-90p.formal)

1465-1755

8.143

c.1465-1469

8.144

1609/14-1755

West Region An£a (Dar Beida,Casablanca) Pirates republic

Portugal(15.573)

2alla (Salé) & Rabat

B.Alawi(135)

1609/14-1641 Bu Ragrag s.1627 Morisco (Andaluz,Honacheros) Republ. (elected government) 1641-1651 Banu Alawi (135) 1651-1660 s. ad-Dila (136) 1660-1666 local ruler (Gaylan/Jarfat Arab) 1666-1672 Banu Alawi (135) 1672-1755 Republic in Rabat dep. Banu Alawi (135) 8.145-146 8.145

. 146

214

1557-1956 1557/8-1956

1862-1926

North / Nord-Region Titwan (Tetuan) Banti Alawi (135) 1557/8-1631/71 Autonon.City State Dyn. an-Naksis (pirates) 1631-1641 s. ad-Dila (136) 1671-1913 Alawit govern. (135) 5.II.1860-V. 1862 Span.occup. IV.1913-1956,7.IV. Span.protectorate

Rif Region 1862-1886/7 1886/7-1913 1913-1921/56 1921-1926

Titwän(145) in rebellion Alawit rule (135) s.Titwan (145) Rif Republic

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / NORTH AFRICA - 8.154

8.15-16

450-dato

ALGERIA / ALGERIEN

8.151-158

450-1852

Central / Zentrale Region

8.151

p.450-496

al-Hudna

8.152

c.500-980

Auras (Central) Region c.500-539/48 Berber Confederation 539-650 Byzant.domination (10.771) 546-548 Berber rebellion c.650-700p. Auruba Confederation (Banû Magrawa) ct.: Öawara,693/4-697/8 Bagaya(Bagai) 686 Arab invasion a.788-980 Banû Khazar dep.: 789-922/3 Fas (126),952 Fatimids (173), 962 Umaiyads(Andalus,15.481),971 Fatimids

8.153

761-958

Tahart ct.Tahart (Tagdempt) 761-908/9 912-944 944-958

8.154

c.765-1842

Agadir(154)

Banû Rustam, t.: 776 Imâm occup.908,909-912/44 by Fatimids (173) Banû Miknasa (Zanata), dep.Fatimids Banû Ifran (s.al-Mu'askar,161)

Tilimsan (765-1081 Agadir)

France(169)

c.765-788/89 788/9-790/1 790/1-922 922-928/9 928/9-931 931-944/5 944/5-971/3

Banû Ifran (Sufri state) Banû Khazar Banû Idrîs Banû Magrawa Banû Idrîs Banû Miknasa, dep.Fatimid.(173) Banû Magrawa dep.Umaiyads (Andalus,15.481) 971-1000 Fatimid rule (173) 1000-1081 Banû Magrawa 1081-1236 s.Morocco (135) 1236-1545 Banû Zayan Dyn.Abd al-Wahid/Zanata t.: Sultan dep.: VI.1242,1424-31,1462/66 B.Hafs(156) 1307-?, VI.1336/IV.37-1348/9, 1358-11.59,1370,1389 B.Marin(135) 1518/25-1830 Ottoman rule 1555-1830 s.Algiers (158) occup.by: 1543,VI.1545 Spain (15.530), 1551 Morocco (135) 1830-1833 s.Morocco (135) 1833-30.1.1842 s.al-Mu'askar (Abd al-Qadir,161)

215

8.155 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / NORTH AFRICA

8.155

935/6-1840

Milyana (Sitif/n.Algiers) France(169) ct.: Milyana,974/77 Asir,1008 Qal'at B.Hammud, 1067/90 935/6-1007 Banü Ziri, t.: Amir 1007/8-1070 Banü Hammud c.1070-1090a. Banü Magrawa a.1090-1152 s.Bigaya (B.Hammud) 1152-1200 Almohads (135) XI.1184-V.85 occup.by Banü Ganiya c.1200-1270 Banü Mandi1 (B.Magrawa) dep.1235-12.. Bigaya(156) 1270-1290p. s.Tilimsan (B.Zayan,154) p.1290-1352/80 Banü Mandil dep.: 1300-13..,1352-13.. Morocco(135) 1371/2 Tilimsan (154) 1380-1830 s.Algiers (157) 1830-1834 independent 1834-8.VI.1840 s.al-Mu'askar (Abd al-Qadir,161)

8.156

1067-1470

Bx§aya (Bougie) Banü Hammud 1067-1152 s.Morocco (135) VIII.1152-1230 occup.12.XI.1184-V.1185 B.Ganiya 1230-1470 Banû Hafs 1230-79,1309-11,1318/9, a.1369, 1370,a.1402-,1452- s.Tunis (179) dep.1347-50,1352/3-57 Morocco (135)

8.157

1235-1830

France(169) Algiers (al-öaza'ir ct.Algi ers s.Bigaya (B.Hafs,156) 1235 12. . Ibn Allâh p.1290- 1313 1313- 1500p. s.Tilimsan (155) (B.Zayan,1370-1378 local branch) occup.1410/11 by Tunis(179) 1500p.-1516 Banû'1-Tha'abit 1516/25-1671 Ottoman govern. t.: Beylerbegi,1577 Paja,1659-71 Aga 71518-25 s.?Tilimsan (154) 1671-1830 Regence (Ilala), t.: Dey nomin.dep.Ottoman Sultan,de facto indep.

1370-1510p.

Öaza'ir Banû Mazganna

.158

.159-160 8.159

216

Algiers (157)

1152-1837

Eastern / Östliche Region

1152-1525

Algiers{157) al-Annaba (Bòne,form.Hippo) 1152-1200 Banü Hammud o.Almohads 1200-1206 Banû Ganiyâ (179) 1206-1230 s.Morocco (135) 1230-1279 s.Tunis (179) 1279-13.. s.Bigaya (B.Hafs,156) 13..-1489 Banû Hafs (local branch) 1489-1525a. s.Tilimsan (154)

MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / NORTH AFRICA - 8.162

Ì.160

1152-1837

Quaantina (Constantine) France(169) 1152-1230/79 s.Bigaya (156) 1230/79-1284 s.Tunis (179) 1284-1312 s.Annaba, 1305-06 s.Tunis(179) 1312-1319 independent (Ibn Gamr, vizir) 1319-13.. s.Tunis (179) 1348-1350 S.Morocco (135) 1350-1351p. independent p.1351-1355 S.Morocco (135) 1355-1359 independent 1359-1360 S.Morocco (135) 1360-13../1435? s.Tunis (179) 13..-a.1402 ? 1435-1452 s.Bi§aya (156) 1452-1488 s.Tunisia(179) 1488-1520p. p.1520-1572 p.1572-1837

8.161-162

940-1841

8.161

c.940-1841

.162

1145-1831

s.Algiers(157) 1534-68 Ottoman governors. Beylik

West Region

al-Mu'askar (Mascara) & Dar'a France(169) c.940-971 Banü Ifran(Zanata) ct.Ifgan(Ayn Fakkan/n.Mascara) 971-1007 Banü Ziri (156) 999-1053 Banü Khazrun (132),in Dar'a 1053-1560 S.Morocco (135) 1560-1701 Ottoman govern., et.Mazuna/Dar'a 1701-1792 Beylik , ct.Mascara dep.1710- ? Algiers (157) 1792-1831 s.Wahran (162) 1805-18.. Draqawi b.Sarif p.1831-1841 independ., center f.Abd al-Qadir

Wahran (Oran) III.1145-1236 12367-1307 1307-1509 1509-1708 1708-1732 1732-1792 1792-1831

France(169) S.Morocco (135) s.Tilimsan (155) S.Morocco (135) S.Spain (15.530) s.Algiers (158) s.Spain (15.530) Beylik, dep.Algiers(157)

217

8.163 - MEDIAEVAL & MODERN TIMES / NORTH AFRICA

,163-168

925-1854

Southern / Südliche Region

.163

?925/8-1064p.

Tubna (M'Zab) 925/8-971 Banû Hamdun 971-986 Fatimids (173) 986-1000 Banû Khazrun dep.B.Ziri (161) 1000-1017 1017-1064p. Banû Hammad

8.164

a.1024-1100p.

War§la (Wargilan/SE-Algeria) dep.a.1024 Fatimids (173)

8.165

c.1100-1150

Qarda (Athbas/?B.Hilal/East M'Zab )

8.166

11..-12..

Ulad Muhammad (Dawawida,Banü Riyam/W-M*zab)

8.167

1188-1844

Biskra 1188-1195 12..-1402

1402-15.. 15.. a.1600-1844

8.168

8.169

France{169) Banü Ganiya (175) Banü Muzani, p.1290-1300p. s.Bigaya (156) a.1381- B.Hafs (179) s.Tunis (179) Ottoman rule Banü Ukkaz t.: §aykh al-Arab dep.1835-1840 'Abd al-Qadir(161) France(169)

p.1350-1854,3.XI. Tuggurt Banû öalab

1830-dato

Algeria ct. Alger 1830-1962 3.VII.1962-dato

French Colony Republic

al-