Hebrew Syntax: An Outline [2 ed.] 0802022189

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‫אבגדהוזחטיכלמנסעם‬ ‫‏‪As‬‬

‫אכגדהוזחטיכדמנסעפ‬ ‫‏‪VA nl Oar‬‬ ‫‏ נמרכיטרזוהדגבא‬ ‫כווגבצבהחרשרנרמור‪-‬‬

‫אבגדהוזחטיכלכונ‬

‫טעפצקרשתדםוףץ‬

Ps

/HEBREW SYNTAX, 5

An

197%

Outline

Second

edition

Ronald

J.

Williams ‎‫ו‬

University Toronto

of

Toronto

Buffalo

We

7Ool

Press

London

First

edition

CUniversity

of

Toronto

Reprinted 1970, Second

Press

To

1967

1974

THEOPHILE (1881-1966)

edition

C©University Toronto Reprinted

of

Toronto

Press

in

‫ְאָדָם יָפִיק תְּבוּכָה‬ (Pr

Canada

ISBN 0-8020-2218-9 LC 75-44271

T heology |_ibrary

SCHOOL OF THEOLOQY

.AT CLAREMONT Text

Califomie

MEEK

‫ארי אָדָם מַצָא חמה‬

1976

Buffalo London 1978, 1980 ner

Printed

JAMES

Tex t

3:13}‫‏‬

to

Preface

Edition

Second

The wide use being made of this manual me to take the opportunity of a fourth vise and slightly expand the text. In request of a number of users, al] the

Contents

has encouraged printing to reresponse to the Hebrew axamples

which are quoted have been provided with translations. It is hoped that this will assist in clarifying the syntactic features which they illustrate. these ig thorough teuch is

bibliography

of

recent

and

studies.

the

text

some

Outstanding

account

among

the work of Professor F. I. Andersen, whose analysis of non-verbal clauses in the Pantaa model of what such a study should be.

The

lack

of

a subject

index

in

the

first

edition

led Professor Douglas Knight of Vanderbilt University, s8sisted by four of his graduate students, to prepara one for their own use. For their kind permission to incorporate this valuable compilation into the new edi-

tion

of

this

A special

volumeI am most

word

of thanks

grateful,

is owed

to Miss

Lorraine

Ourom and her colleagues at tha Univarsity of Toronto Press for their kindiy interest and helpful advice in the preparation of the typescript for offset reproduction.

If this revision proves of greater service in mnaking students aware of the subtleties and richness of expression of the language of the Old Tegtament, the author will be anply rewarded. R.J.W.

4,

1975

III

3 HARNALAWNBE

viii

PREPACE

TO

SECOND

SYNTAX

OF

Number

EDITION

vii

EDITION

viii

THE

NOUN

(§§1-16)

Gender {§§17-27) Bound structure ($§§28B-30) Case (§§31-60) Directive nz (§§61-64} Apposition (§§65-71) Hendiadys (§72) Adjectives (§73-81) The article (§§82-93) Numerals (§§94-105) Pronouns SYNTAX

($§161-182)

(§8183-191)

Concord

nouns (8192-222) co-ordination (§$223-226) of

Synchronism

SYNTAX

VERB

(§§157-160)

Aspect Verbal Verbal

THE

(8133-156)

Voice Mooa

($§106-132)

OF

Theme

OHARA

September

FIRST

INTRODUCTION HoH

the

MWR:

in

taken

anak and ro WOUANAM

Both

been

TO

ABBREVIATIONS

AWNH

has

PREFACE

OF

subject

and

verb

(simultaneous

(§§227-234)

action)

(§$235-237)

PARTICLES

Prepositions

{§§238-376)

Adverbs (§§377-393) Negatives (§§394-428)

Conjunctions (§3429-461) Relative particles {§§$462-474) The accusative particle nw (1475)

The existential

particle

W°

(§§476-481)

27 29 239 34 35 40 41 42

בל‬Q?1,

by

Absolute

high

Ty

‫יפּל‬-‫פָי‬, 'if

‫ תי‬nip,

cf.

‘after,’ (Gn

e.g.

survived'

‎‫הַנּפָל‬

22:8);

e.g.

(Dt

and

8:4.

‘even,’

them

bow

pn

it'

Temporal,

of

his

25:5.

Separative,

peoples

TY{}1)

without his

Preposition

cause

Sm

24120).

in the construction

(I

as

live together'

(II an

smali'

well

even

17:22,

‎‫לַחֲדּו‬

by

I

‘Not

14;

‎‫וְעַד"הַָלעָה‬, ‘but he cf.

(cf.

to be rendered

difficult

N37N‫ל‬ Sm

as

Emphatic,

you

cf.

parallelled

. and'

‎‫' (מִתִתִי אתה לְאֵישׁ אַחָר‬St 8

Ara-

‎ta‫מ‬W' peace 18 9:22};

and

sometimes

sometimes

in-

(II Sm 17:22).

Kg

.

‎‫תְדּבֵטׁ וּמָה עז תֵאֲרי‬, ‘what is stronger than a lion?' (Ju

by

‎‫הַשָׁלָבוֹ אֹתָם הַעל פֲנָיו‬, ‎‫ס‬ot' the point that he cast them out of

317

it

(cf.

great

18:4);

you'

‎,yT-‫ל‬N ‘before he had made

expanses’

‘up to,'

come

316

own

‘by’

'while'

(IT

my

death

also

‘by daybreak'

apostasies?’

‎‫ בָּרָם‬‎‫ת‬i v. 25(. Degree, meaning not

Sm

fall

‎‫וַצְגֹר יוֹפֵף בר‬

the meaning

‎‫ָה הַעַלוֹם עד[נוּנ* אִיזָבֵל‬,

e.g. nֹ‫וְחוּצו‬

earth

§502,

with

. . . until

be

25:22;

VINTTY,

the meaning

With

shall

saw

Ju 3:26, IT Sm 14:19. With a negative NYTTY means fore,’

315

‎‫גל‬

introducing

and

stored up grain {Gn

6:31);

T came

°9, e.g.

‎‫הַגער‬-‫ עַד‬nhi°,

maic Ty), e.9. there

or

count’

(Ju

(I

The

(cf.

‫תָאתִי‬-‫וְרָא"האָמַנְתִּי לַדְּנָרִים עד אשָר‬, 'r aid

(I Kg 10:7), keeping

David

‎‫אָחַד‬

‘to this

‫עד שב‬, 'until you return

cf,

eyes’

occurs

314

Ju

§276); or a noun clause introduced by ‫ר‬WN‎ (cf.

e.9.

the

‫ופאָהַל‬,

to

Sm

meaning

(Gn

cf.

‘near,’

9:25;

.

‎‫תגרו‬-‫ (ְעַד"קַשתוֹ וְעַד‬‎,‫דַעְנ‬-‫ְרַה‬aּ‫' ֹו‬He gave it and his mantle

‎‫ויבא‬,

2:23.

Temporal,

ped

‘as

come

meaning

pitched

4:11,

311

Ex

9:9.

Locative, ‘Ha

TY

‘both

‘both

'The mountains

cf.

oo

Ex

2:23;

/° Pֶ‫ח‬

because

you

were

Yahweh

was

devoted

with

an

infini-

‎‫לא מִרַבּכֶם מִכָּל"הַּעַפִיט‬,

more

with a noun clause

quake be-

to

numerous

you'

than

(Dt

introduced by

7:7);

all

cf.

‎‫} אפר‬cf.

the

320

§534(,

e.9.

in my

sight'

(Is

Means,

e.g.

7a‫הַמַב‬

shall

{Gn

not

‫ ירת‬yn,

‎ll‫ 'ג‬f1eah

cut

the

flood'

Jb

an

agent,

7:14.

meaning

stand

has

rejected

cf.

TAnip?,

‘without

Source,

8.9.

12:9};

Lv

cf.

for

Relationship:

32:19); next

(Gn

of'

5:8.

space,

(2)

326

(i.e.

from

‘in

rendered

the

standpoint

(I

'to the north of AID,

past’!

(II

‘before,’

of),

Jordan’

‘on Sm

329

with

Locative,

cf.

Possession,

and

man;

cf,

Je

oppression 5l:5,

is Pag 18:22,

Partitive, e.g.

VP?

‎edirP‫ 'ק‬is

a crime before 5i 3:18.

‎‫ מ"ב‬aNy?,

ated

both’

by

(Si

the

and

Ps

cf.

I Kg

claim

333

Emphatic

(similar

to

Ty,

cf.

§314),

e.g.

‎‫ הת‬nnn

44

44:28);

.

. .

{313),

‎e‫פ‬s‫'אתס‬

cf.

I,

e.g.

Gn

7:

often

to

Ty

‫ר‬n‎

(Gn 19:4); cf. I Sm 5:9, Ex by

‎nA‫ר‬

the

directive

,37 ‘averyone

n> in

who

place

could

wear

3:21),

{Gn

24:54);

‘near,’

Nan,

cf.

Dt

‘beside,’

settled

near

‘he and the men

12:23.

e.g. Dy

py?

221

Beer-lahai-roi'

(Gn

18:3.

iJַ‫א‬Y‎ J in

‫א‬Iispn‎ pa

abundance’!

BY

ng°y?l,

1JA-0Da,

(Gn

‫תעה‬, ‘You must somatimes

to

‘that IT nay

rendered

cf.

treat

Gn

'in

31:32.

you well'

'against,'

do us no harm'

be

‘We have both

24:25);

cf. Gn 24:12, 26:29. or disadvantage, meaning

the

governor's

Co-ordination,

‎‫?הוש‬ with 334

18:S.

Ju

e.g.

94:16;

TY{})

‎‫ר"מ‬,

any

e.g.

(Gn 26:29); spite

0of,'

TDN

cf. e.g.

‎‫זָה לָחָם הַפּֿחָה לא בְִשְׁתִּי‬-‫וְצָס‬, 'In site of this, I 44 not

10:7);

‘Some of the people

40:7.

iBy-‫אשר‬‎ D‫י‬WjN‫ה‬1‎

him’

fodder

‎ּ‫עְמֲּנו רָעָה‬

Lord

e.g.

e.g.

332

‫ואנעים‬,

5:18,

(cf.

14:45).

Dy

‫ לחי‬‎,a‫‘ רָא‬Isaac

‎‫תעאַהוּ לִטְהַר "בָר‬, ‘Can a mortal be just before God, or a man be pure before his Maker?’ (Jb 4:17), i‫ן‬i‫ד‬Te‫ל‬‎ nkilv ‫גאוה‬

Ch

. and'

Kg

meaning

{Gn 32:10}; Adversative

‎°‫ר‬8‫וָנַא טַיִן מ‬, went out to gather (it)' (Ex 16:27), nnn ‘Cain brought some of the fruit of the soil' {Gn 4:3); 325

were

Advantage,

‫ומשניהם‬

(Je

followed

(II

Accompaniment,

straw

‎‫והְליתָם‬

up'

331

‎‫מעל‬

theirs?’

.

son

‎‫וַיִּקָחגּ לָהֶם‬

Dֵ‫יָק‬

or

‎‫חַגֹרָה וְמַעְלָה‬

‎‫ גּמְטְׂרָאֵל‬/‫ים מי‬9‫נה‬, '¥ou shall be free of obligation before Yahweh and Israel’ (Nu 32:22), bx pay? ‎ַ‫האֲנוֹש מאֲלוֹה‬

P‫קק‬y

.

e.g.

your

for themselves,

an Je

‎/‫חַי=י‬

of

= I Sm

of,’

bh

Ys?-o‫א‬

a hair

14:l]

Sm

construction

'both

and

25:11);

330

the

in the

I

occasionally

‎‫ראִי‬

the 15:34).

'in

e.g.

(Nu

mine

Preposition

who

even

‘consisting

6:2),

11:32,

‎‫עד‬, e.g.

The 328

the

Lv

rendered

‫ס‬f

TTD (Ju

‘on

(II

ground'

(Gn

stand,

9:10,

armour

‫מַקָדָם‬, the

will

9:25;

&m

e.g.

not

1Rt, ‘both young and old'

‎-‫מ‬aY'

Israel’

chose'

Inclusive, be

2:15.

e.g.

to be

327

with

Bethlehem'

‘across

the

fugi-

33:]1).

Tish,

In time,

15:23;

clause,

‎‫אַל‬-‫לְבִית‬

‫חַעָבַר‬,

the

Yahweh,

(Lv 4:2),

‫נשים מל‬, 'They took wives

they

22,

of them'

meaning

Explicative,

one

‘By

the

to

‎‫אֲשַר בחרו‬

‎‫בָּצַל‬

/* ּ‫וימְאֲלֶף‬,

from

I Kg

vy

TND,

&m

over

(Dt

8.g.

‎‫לפרְדֵּן‬

19:34), it is

up'

24:14,

{Gn 12:8),

Dt

Sometimes

sight

In

I

a noun

‫אַבְצַן‬, 'Jbzan

(Jo 8:13),

cf.

day!

getting

I Sm

{1}

cf.

king

with

e.g.

of Heshbon

‎‫מִהְיוֹת מַלֵח‬

being

even

‫מבָּית‬

‘without,’

48:45);

from

them

2:7,

east of Bethel'

324

of

also

shadow

‫לישרל‬y

26:13;

Gn

city’!

(Je

you

‎‫לָחָם‬

of,'

‘In the

e.g.

15:26);

{3}

waters

rarely

‘deprived

helpless’

an infinitive,

the

Used

the

word

Privative, tives

323

by

21:7).

‎‫ עָמדגּ מְפֹּח נָסִים‬Tiag,

322

off

‫מפֹעָרַת‬,

fall

shall

‎‫ואֵעַה גְּרראָה מִאִישת‬, 'a woman cast off by her husband'

{Lv

weh

‎ּ‫גְּגֵךּ אֲרְצָה‬

‎‫ד תגֵי‬i‫יפַרת כַלבָשֶר ע‬-‫וָלא‬,

be

cf.

'shoulid he do any one

‘because you are precious

43:4).

again

9:11);

e.g. 321

‎‫בְעִינַי‬

57

meaning

allowance'

‘and,’

‫עָרֵיהָם החֲרָימַם‬, 'a8 Joshua their

Comparison, milar

food

to

cities’!

e.g.

those

who

‘as well

(Ne

5:18).

as,'

annihilated

e.g.

them

Dy

along

{Jo 11:21).

1i1 ’‫ך‬i‫י‬-Dy‎ go

down

to

7I,

'I shall be si-

the

{Ps

Pit!’

28:1);

cf.

Jb 335

Reciprocal,

e.g. ‫רל‬p‫י‬-ny‎ D‫להלת‬

Philistines

assembled

Gn

30:8,

Assistance,

e.g.

cf.

5);

336

the

9:26.

father

David

to build

‎‫לבב‬, e.g.

expression

from the

derived

‎‫לְבַב דוד אָבִי לָבְנוֹת גית‬-‫עָס‬ my

*‫?ה‬1, 'It was a house’

The

in the mind of

(I Kg

8:17;

cf.

10:2),

348

(Jb 9:35);

cf.

preposition

II Sm 6122.

The

Preposition

Accompaniment, you'

339

NN

{Ex

e.g.

‎ּ‫אַתָר‬

‫ונאו‬,

will

share

(it)

meaning

‘'near,'

which

e.g.

1

350

‎‫וָהוּא‬

2

‎eli‫ 'שת‬he turned back from the

‎‫הַגְּלְַּל‬-‫הַפֶָילָים אֲשַׁר אֶת‬, stones

‘beside,’

were

near

Gilgal'

{Ju

3:19);

340

Possession, cf.

341

Gn

e.g.

27:15,

6id

for

‎‫תה‬,

‘What

do

we

have?’

(I

fm

OD?

you

in

351

‎‫אֲשֶׁר עַָה אָתִּכם‬ Egypt'

{Dt

1:30};

,907 'just cf.

Dt

like what

10:21,

352

Adversative are

343

doing

the

345

me

earth'

(Gn

Reciprocal, ter

into

7);

cf.

meaning

‫תַשָׁחֲתָם‬

ny

°K

‎‫עֹשָה‬

‫וְאַתָּה‬,

e.g.

to destroy

then

as well

as

e.g.

/° °]87 D‫אָגִכ‬ with

you

‎‫וְאֲעפּעָה‬ before

‘that Yahweh'

I nay en{I

Sm

353

12:

53:12.

meaning

§336), e.g.

7h

‘by the help

W‫אי‬‎ pg,

of!

(rarer

than

By,

cf.

'I have acquired a man with

cf.

iJ

nA in

21:2, Ex ‎‫לַרב‬

‘You

will

been

as

Causal,

Is

Sm

(II

‘We are

parallel

to

‘at

to

cf.

an

T?

place

of

21:23;

his with

‫בְּכְוֹנְבִי‬

be

but

‘beneath e.g.

the

foot

authority’

husband's

‎ּ‫וְעֲמַדְנו‬,

II

'in

‘We

Sm

2:23.

‘in

place

as

son'

the

‎‫וַבְן‬

of

‘Let

{Gn

4l:

authority'

God'

(Nu

cf.

II Kg

'because

will

of,’

the

introduced

stay

where

‘instead

cf.

I

of,’

Kg

introduced

‎‫מעְט‬

in

place,'

it up as a burnt

clause

‫ אֲשַר‬nna

in

one's

22:13);

persons

stars

clauses

‎‫ א‬ANA,

(Gn

a noun

a few

i‫י‬Rh‫א‬7‎ Nap ‫ צארהב‬,27.

the

20:4).

‫ר‬QTI‫ר‬AY?],‎

rendered

‫הַיִיתְט‬

e.g.

25:13);

Ex

of,’

at

NR

‎‫וp

(cf.

you have

21:20};

for (Gn

3:26};

Purpose

the

{II

cf.

(cf.

61

cunning Kg

sake

10:19);

of

cf.

IKg $197),

was

the

Dt

meaning

'Yahweh

‎‫עְגְדַי הַבַּעַל‬-‫אֶת‬ with

the

18:24);

with

‎‫> לְמעַנְכֶם‬q,,

(cf.

a noun

them'

e.g. m3 ny‫הֶנ_י‬‎ w‫ר‬ ‎‫חריה‬ has wagged her head at

14:10,

(II

(Nu

in

‘after Lot hed parted

‎‫הַדּבָרִיס הָאֲלָה‬-‫ אֶת‬/* ‫אַחַר צנַר‬

spoken these

‘after

‘and alec after-

with

I Kg

accordance

The Preposition

ARJ=1

nan,

in

‎‫לְאההאמנְתָּם בִּי‬

‎‫ אחריו‬is

Thx

.

had

evil’

tran-

NN

127°7NK DA),

‎‫לוע‬-‫פַרְד‬

13:14);

e.g.

This may alac be introduced by 06

of,'

'in

cf.

made’

Also

the

Temporal, meaning

from

‘west

19:21);

‎‫ הָרַע‬‎,‫ֹוטֶעל‬n ‘because

cf.

retinue

a covenant

in a causal sense: rarely with substantives, e.g. ‎‫כָּל"תּוֹעבתְיה‬, ‘because of all your abominable acta’

2:23; is al~-

‫הַצאן‬, 'He led his flock to the west of the

wilderness'

.

The

‘after,’

Kg

meaning

David

behalf'

parallelled by iT7-by), Dt 23:15, Am 7:ls. 359

Norm,

5:9);

Dt

from

(II

ens

32:30.

‘behind,’

made

‫ס‬f,'‎ 6.9. ‎‫ אֹחַרֵי הַפּפַר‬. . . ‫הָאנָשִׁים הַגְּרִים‬-‫וַלַּסְפֹר טלמה פָּל‬ ‫אעֶר סִפָנֶם דוי אֲבָיו‬, 'Solomon made a count of all the ali-‫‏‬

5:28.

n/N

meaning

‎‫אהו‬, ‘Joseph

and

362

had

Adveraative, meaning ‘against,' ‎,?‫ר‬iyaDb 'The daughter Jerusalem you'

shut

employed.

Locative, II

6:7).

‘They

Probably the bound form of a substantive {1x Sm meaning ‘'butt'?); with suffixes the plural form ways

358

Ty3

'behind,'

(Jo

The Preposition 357

substantive

‎‫נַהְוֹרְדֵם בַחָבֶל כְעַד‬, 'She let them down by a rope

,°# ‘that Sm

361 the

behind

Advantage, {I

of

meaning

(the

through

Ty

they

fifty

are

’'on

angry

account

of,'

with

on

me

‎‫וַַתְעְבַר‬

e.g. account

of

you’

§520),

e.g.

11:39. with

order cf.

who

30:6.

an

infinitive

‫צָשֵׂה בּעָקֲכַּה לְהעַן האביד‬ in

righteous

Gn

to

destroy

37:22;

with

(cf.

‫ו?ההא‬, 'But Jehu acted

the

servants

a noun

of

clause

Baal’ and

the

often introduced by ‫ר‬WN,‎ e.g.

e.g.

‎‫הַכְעִיסַנָי‬

cense

to

22:17(

.

‫לְמַעַן‬

alien

A compound Locative,

(Nu

cended

‎,1‫רקקי‬i ‘They

provoking

ms

to

before 371

Yahweh'

anger'

372

before

tive

(cf.

fore

Yahweh

Mental,

a preposition

373

‘before,’

§507),

e.g.

and

‘for

Comparison,

Sodom

the

T have

7:1);

cf.

meaning

The 374

A

(II

a substantive

it

in

of,'

e.g.

Hebrew

possesses by

§60)

element

‎‫וְאַברם‬

introduced

in smoke

fire’

(Ex

by ‎‫( אֲשֶׁר‬cf.

because

Yahweh

§534}, had

19:18),

ADVERBS

with

Sm

Wy

(Am

1:1);

and

very

with

the

verbal

few

The

Adverb

in

the

These

are

accusative

preposition §274)

4 of

normally

of

norm

manner

(cf.

$252),

by

(cf.

§290),

or

co-ordination

(cf,

§223).

Substantives

endings

‫יוֹתָם‬, iw, A

adverbs.

‘not yet,' the similarly employed

‎‫( ל‬cf.

adverbial

ff.

few

substantives

or

in

‎‫רָיקָם‬

that

I Sm

20:1,

II

are Kg

cf.

Jb

treat

378

or

area

UN.

adverbs

of

often

For

manner

used,

e.g.

negative are

here

the

first

‎‫יאתְנֵם‬

‫חבס‬,

see

§§394

following

word,

adverbs discussed.

with

her

righteous

2:21).

e.g.

either

IAAI,

ABN

servant

as

whose

a

4:19.

I 379

Sm

with

'She gave

(Gn

3:6);

e.g.

°N

‎‫ פִיאֲמַר‬oa,

‘He

. . . oa,

‘both

Hence

mna(}}

cf.

Gn

possession 20:27

the

goblet

a

some to her husband

also’

24:19,

27:34;

also

said

or

with

to me'

. . . and,'

{Ru

e.g.

oa

‘both we and the one in wags

found'

{Gn

44:16);

cf.

(negative).

Emphatic,

meaning

'even,'

‘just,’

like

Greek

xai,

e.g.

‎‫לא יאַמִינוּ גס לִטָׁנַי הָאֹתוֹת הַאֲלָּה‬-‫הָיָה אָס‬, 'if they w‫ש‬11‎ ‫ת‬ot‎ a preposition

and

the bound

form

380

balieve even these ‎‫ בָיָדִי‬‎ny‫י‬7aּ qJpTny,

two signs’ (Ex 4:9), nv ‘Look, father, just look

of

your

hand’

Gn

20:4,

robe

vn

Yֶ‫הָאַר‬‎ nָ‫מלא‬-‫פִי‬,‎

'for the earth

Rhetorical, ‘Why

63

do

in my

(I Sm

24:12);

cf.

Da nq at the Nu

‎‫וָאָבי‬ edge

22133,

46:4,

blessed!’ myls‫מ‬‎

‘also,’

‎‫נְמְצָא הַגָּבֶיע בדו‬-‫ אֲשר‬oa 4JplN,

‎‫הִפְּנָי‬

formed of

ARY AY’KY-DA

a clause,

be-

meaning

e.g.

‎‫בָּיהאְתְהּ רְאִיתִי‬

your

3:24,

13:10).

‎‫גס‬

Addition,

5:l.

(a rare use), not

an infini{Gn

e.g.

you

‎‫ס‬wt'

‎/‫לִתָּנֵי שַתַת י‬, 'be-

Gomorrah'

of,’

‎‫תי‬,

with

D‫סד‬-nֶ‫א‬

seen

‘Do

1:16);

7

14:19).

e.g.

upon

replaced

a substantive.

Causal, 62

377

Kg

Locative, meaning ‘from (before}),' e.g. ‎ֹ‫וטע עוד הַעֲנָו‬ ‎,‫מ‬2J?agB 'The pillar of cloud moved away from before then' (Ex

376

(I

Preposition

compound

of 375

woman'

e.g.

sight

‘like’

‎‫ לְפְּנֵי פתײבליעַל‬AnnN~ny, base

front

nny ni

destroyed

(Gn

'in

earthquake’

meaning ‘in

me'

Ex

(Gn 18:22).

the

‎ַ‫ לְפֲנ‬pry, fore

in-

‘while Abraham was still standing

Temporal, meaning years

burned

clause

complately

prepositions

‘before,’

793 Tgy 447iy,

+/

2

infinitive,

an

with

526),

'

meaning

cf.

des-

in the bound form. 370

6:13);

was

a noun

e.g. by and nya,

of

(Gn

Sinai

D7

e.g.

N7,

with

‎‫לפ‬

formed

them'

‎t‫סטת‬M'

with

{cf.

The Preposition 369

thus

of

‎‫ פָא‬/‫וְהַר סִינַי עָשֵׁן כָּלּוֹ מִפָּנַי אֲשַׁר ירד עָלָיו י‬,

‫לַאלהָים אֲחֲרִיִם‬

gods,

because

6.9.

§§198,

(cf.

use

a rare

Result,

violence

‎‫לְמַען אשַר אָרה‬, 'that I may

17:5). 368

of

3:7;

(Gn

you’

‫אֵאָר לאירב‬, 'that no stranger may approach'

‎‫אִישׁ זָר‬

full

12:13),

in the negative

{II Sm 13:5);

watch’

is

‫לְמַעַן‬

‎‫לִי‬-‫יִיטב‬

imperfect aspect (cf. {521), e.g. AQ 'that it may go well with me because of

e.g.

‎ּ‫יהְיָה‬

(Gn 27:33), the

wicked

live

‫במ"פַררוּת‬,

bn on,

‘Yea,

‎‫“ברו‬ grow

and

he

shall

be

ּ‫מַדּגּע רְשַׁעָיט יַחִיהּ עַתָקג‬, old,

yes,

and

increase

393

you

will

5);

cf.

3 394

strictly

IKg

Double at

all

ll,

3p

2:2.

Objective

your

God'

{Dt

in

when

they

Israel?’

occur,

‎‫עה‬

> ingjp,

of

Prohibition,

6,

16);

the

soil’

with

the

emphasis,

there cf.

Ex

e.g.

as

the

first-born’

Ju

1:19.

aspects,

(Gn

not of

(I

e.g.

Used

‎‫ואל‬

14:

I

with

no re-

aspect

{Gn

construct

‫לא‬, 'He i

Ch

(cf,

S:l);

cf.

Am

§173),

e.g.

infinitive I Ch

15:2,

(cf.

§594),

cf.

Gn

or

e.g.

‎‫ל‬

‫ויאמר‬, ‘when he said,

“No"'

in

cf. II Sm 3:34;

2:1B);

predicates:

Jb

cf,

nxt

nil

the

scroll

406 407

{l1)

adjectives,

of

1s

10:15;

also

with

the

not

§184), lad's

the be

a wish

8:11,

Nu

(like

Greek

uf).

e.g.

‎‫ הילד‬nina

deathi'

precative

afraid,

(cf.

§595),

Israel

said

e.g. to

(Gn

(cf.

Abram'

‎‫ל‬

him,

In an elliptic statement $284) and a modal sense: As

35:23.

Jb

cf.

with

‎‫אַלהאָרְאֶה‬,

'May

21:16).

§186), (Gn

e.g.

NR“

15:1).

‫שאל‬:

7a‫מ‬

“No"'

Used

(II

‫לו‬ Kg

‫ו*אמָר‬, 3:13);

‎.e‫ת‬T' cf.

1:13.

kings

to

drink

a substantive,

Negative

Properlya

9:32,

{for Ex

In

4 bound

Ex

18:17;

(2)

passive

with the 7 of obligation (cf. ‎‫אַל לַחָלָכִים שְתוֹיַין‬, 'It 8 ‫סת‬t‎

wine'

(Pr

occurring

31:4). in

only

one

poetic

‎4‫ת‬na' make my word nothing’

passage:

(Jb 24:25),

‎‫אי‬ substantive structure

(cf.

Is

40:17,

23)

like

W?

this

teaching’

{Dt

{Ex 408

28:61);

God)

4:10,

not Nu

your

23:19;

confidence?’ (4)

(Jb

prepositional

/° WN} K7, ‘Yahweh was not in the fire’ cf. I Kg 19:11, Jb 28:14.

In

‫לָבֶם‬

5:10);

409

ef.

67

Gn to

(cf.

a

following

genitive,

e.g.

the 'I

am

subjects not

of

going

to

(Gn 37:

participles, give

you

s.g.

straw’

39:23. a

substantive

which

usually

precedes,

‎‫' ווְאֲדָם אַין לַעַבֹד אָת"הָאַדָתָה‬There wes no human to ti11 ground’

(Gn

Elliptic (cf. traversed the (I

with

‫אִינָנּי‬,

apposition

=.9. the

‫נֹתז‬

with

‫הגה‬, 'Joseph was not in the pit'

especially

‎‫מַּבְן‬

par-

‎‫אֲשֶר לא כָתוּב בְקַתַר‬, 'which 8 of

29);

(3) substantives, e.g. A700 ankle? Non,

reverence

phrases, e.g. (I Kg 19:12); 66

with

‘Do

of

the

‎‫איןהיוֹסף בַגּוֹר‬

adverbial

(Gn

e.g.

written

cf,

witness

Elliptic

The

18:15.

alone’

4:6);

2:2,

(cf,

to

your

405

not to be ranked 6:10,

Je

22:13);

(cf.

‎‫וישם לאל תָלָּתִי‬,

‎ֹ‫טוב הָיוֹת הָאָדָם לְבַדּו‬-‫לא‬, '1t 18 ‫סת‬t‎ g‫סס‬4‎ for the man

‘Is

404

denial

Vetitive,

Ru

2:17).

e.9.

not

not

king

‫וְאָלהחין‬

he had

36:5,

son'

‎‫ל‬

precative

for

eat of it’

the

‎‫לְהתְחֶט לַבְּכֹרָה‬

nominal

ticiples,

Subjective the

8:21).

imperfect

use

co$).

‫הגואדבן‬, 'He i8 an unwise

§476).

12:5);

be

401

is no

‎‫אקף לְעֲלָל עוֹד‬-‫לא‬, 'Never again

‘You must

gerundive

Greek

and his offering

nַ‫הְאֲדָמ‬-‫אֶת‬

‎nKo‫ ל‬N>,

With

1:3,

(like

imperfect

§196(,

{Ju

81' it because

Kg

a fact

‘For Cain

IT curse

Elliptic

add

403

and

Ps

(Je

Negative

‎‫אֲבְרָם‬,

(Gn 4:5),

the

(II

merely

K‫ל‬‎

denial

cf.

‎‫לא‬

preposition 3 (cf. §252), ‘without,’ e.g. ih’ ‎‫הוֹי בּצָה‬ ‎‫גלא"צְדָק‬, ‘Woe to the one who builds his house by un-

15:

402

perfect

With

13:13);

The

both

‎ּ‫מתַפ‬

399

Yahweh

e.g. Do

righteousness’

negatives,

God

will

398

to

‎‫אֲלהִים גִיְֹרָאֵל‬-‫הַמִבלָ אִין‬,

gard'

3397

heed

B:25.

The Negative

396

give

Privative, (Ho

NEGATIVES

e.9.

395

400

/ ‫שַׁםוֹע תִּשְמע בְּקוֹל‬-‫רק אִמ‬, 'i€ onl

‎‫אָלהִיף‬

e.9.

'if only,’

just,’

.

.

.

‘if

meaning

DX,

conditional

with

Emphatic,

Sm

9:4);

cf.

2:5);

cf.

II

Kg

§593), e.g. 1?N]l land of Shalisha, Ex

17:7.

19:3. ‎‫שַעָלִים‬-‫וַרַעַבָרוּ בְאָרֶץ‬, 'They but there was nothing’

in 381

wealth?’

Sm

21:7);

Concessive,

with

the

S530),

e.g.

73

tcf.

although

they

had

with

9,

..g.

YY

you

offer

15);

cf.

The

Is

13:3,

has

IT Sm

1:23.

forgiven

388

‎‫תַרְבוּ תְפְלָה אַינגי‬-‫גס קָי‬, 'Even though

in

384

Addition,

389

prose,

but

meaning

common

in

‘also,’

a

following

word,

e.g.

‎ִ‫אףאני בְּחֲלוֹת‬, 'I too had a dream' (Gn 40:16); cf. I Sm 2:7; with a clause, e.g. WTA IN nl] ‎‫אָרֶץ‬-‫אַף לא אָל‬ ‎ּ‫הניאתָבו‬, ‘Moreover, you have flowing with milk and honey’ 385

386

Emphatic,

‎‫עינה‬

e.g.

you

have

cast

your

13.

In a question,

‫ֲַקָחת‬ gaze’

e.g.

yg

my

(Jb

40:8);

Justice?'

Rhetorical, ‎‫גִּזְעָם‬

in poetry,

‫הַאֲרֶץ‬

they

‫רש‬,

sown,

earth’

yes,

(Is

they

‫אףדעלהזה‬, (Jb

this

expectation,

not brought (Nu 16:14). 14:3};

indicates

e.g.

‘Scarcely

Jb

40:24),

‎‫יִתְרְעַעוּ אַףהישַירג‬,

65:14);

such

a one

Jb

15:4,

Gn

390

stem

cf.

taken

Is

scarcely

root

‘They

42:13,

in

shout

A fortiori,

lowed by the

one

64

°p, e.g.

righteous

wicked I Kg

with

and 8:27,

follows,

ig

the

meaning

Nyin]

‫אַף‬

are

I Sm e.g.

14:30. ‎‫ּטֶהָר‬

more/less,'

on

earth,

(Pr 11:31); This

23 is

‫אֵלָיהּ רְחַץ‬

cf.

how much

391

Jb 9:14,

omitted

when

‫ הידאֲמַר‬AN],

much

"Wash 6m

and

be

cleanl"'

The

Adverb

Sm

be

a

clause

‫יָחַר‬

with

a

following

‫אַלנא‬, 'Let

cf,

Gn

A

‎‫דְּבַר‬

'‫פנ‬ the

Nb

ing

ivgla

meat

with

its

18:17,

I Kg

17:13.

MX,

I Sm

lord

be

‘However, in

nothing

been

e.g.

(Gn 18:32); cf. §559), meaning

VyaTIN,

{i.e.

he has

word,

not my

life-blood

‘surely

'Surely

cf.

torn

it’

(Gn

eise

than),’

to pieces'

16:6.

Pp meaning

greater

than

you’

$560),

It

‫פְּמעָה‬, (Nu

‘Is

to

{Gn

41:40};

cf.

it

on

burning

through

e.g.

throne

shall

Ex

10:17;

with

e.g.

the

‎‫ַּבָמוֹת‬

high

incense'

redundantly

only

word,

the

'however,'

it was

and

used

following

with

Moses

‫בק‬

places (I

Kg

3:3);

AN

in CAN

PIN

that

Yahweh

has

12:2).

Asseverative,

with

e.g.

scheme

is

a

respect

meaning

sacrificing

24:8.

with

in

‫הגוא‬, 'However,

‫מִנבַּת‬ was

'only,'

‫רק‬, 'Only

(cf.

he

Kg

4:11.

‘only,'

meaning

Restrictive, I

{ITZ

the

Di-‫ל‬,‎ devised

meaning

y] by

'nothing

but,’

'only,'

‎7‫וְכְל"ַצַר מַחְשָׁבת לַּוֹ ר‬,

his

mind

was

nothing

‎ec‫ת‬is'

but

evil

all the time' (Gn 6:5); cf. Gn 26:29; with a clause, e.g. ‎‫לא אהַבנָי‬ ‫שְנָאתַנִי‬-‫רַק‬, ‘You only hate me; you do not love

fol-

a second

‘How

44:28);

every

15:16,

I

(Gn

'surely,'

Pr

nore

II

47Jn

eat

qvy

spoken?'

out,

‎‫הָן צַדִּיק בַֿאֲרֶץ יְעלָם אָף כִּידרְעע‬,

recompensed

the sinner!’

‘how much

not

qv

that

23:28. 387

e.g.

Asseverative,

‎‫וּמַקָטֶיר‬

to

the

Pes 16:6,

23:3,

meaning

‎‫הַכָּעֵא אֲגְדַּל מִפַּת‬

18:

contrary

planted,

has

(Ps

on

‎‫פַל"נְעֶעגּ אַף גַל"זֶעגּ אַף‬

scarcely

sing’

a land

34:17.

they

their

into

'Will you really impugn

772

are

cf.

us

something

‫ר‬9F‎ NA, cf.

‘Even

you,

IN

cf.

e.g.

poetry.

with

to

‫לַאדנָי וַאַדגְּרָה‬

must

9:4);

Adverb

Rare

Adverb

Restrictive,

you

448.

383

I Sm

‘however,’

l:

(Is

listen’

not

I will

prayers,

numerous

says

angry, that I may speak oniy this once’ I Sm 18:8, Je 16:19; with a clause (cf.

also

so

95:9);

he

cf.

‎‫אַרהפַּעַם‬

‘They tested ne, (Ps

I did’

what

The

though'

‘even

when

5:13);

‎‫ העבִיר‬/‫י‬-‫גח‬ your sin' (II

e.g.

"JiJpa,

‫ָא‬7Toa‎

more,

6:15.

‘although,’

meaning

seen

Je

part,’

one's

part,

4:4,

Gn

cf.

12:13);

his

on

‘Yahweh,

cf.

'on

meaning

Correlative,

‎ּ‫חַעַאתָת‬, 382

(Jb

me' 392

(Ju

Exceptive

meaning

14:16). or

limitative,

‘except,’

‎‫הְאַבָנִים‬, ‘There stone

65

tablets’

was (I

‘but

following

only,’

nothing Kg

8:9);

in cf.

e.g. the II

a negative,

ning ark Kg

‎‫טנִי‬

except 17:18,

with

‫רק‬ the

‫בֿאָרוֹן‬ two

the

‫אִיו‬

410

with

the

gerundive

to

withstand

construct

infinitive

411

not

for

Sm

21:4).

us

Privative,

with

any man

‎‫ ב‬tcf.

to

§252),

death

in

meaning

Israel’

‘without,’

of

lack

through

die

will

‘He

‫הנא‬,

‫לָמוּת‬

‫בָּאִין‬

‎‫מוּעָר‬

to put

412 413

Negative

This

word

419

Objective and

confined

denial

420

disci-

'Can

imperfect

aspects,

‎‫ בַּאֲרֶץ גּזְעָם‬Wid, they

sown,

earth’!

scarcely "I

shall

cf.

8.9.

'Scarcely

(Is 40:24),

himself,

N7;

has

773

be

‫ף‬N

both

‎ּ‫זרעג‬-‫אַף בל‬

are they planted,

biny-ba not

(cf. $395), with

their

stem

taken

iagy ‫ר‬nN,‎

shaken"'

ּ‫נעַעו‬-‫בל‬

scarcely root

in

‫אף‬

are

the

To

negate

$399),

nominal

prepositional 415

not

(Ps

(Pr

e.g.

10:6);

cf.

422

denial

tive,

D’ayJNA onyg-721,

e.g.

(Ps

This

good'

(Pr

ia),

is

24:23),

(like

bN; cf.

$401),

infinitive

cf.

confined

to

postry.

any

water?'

to

bring

‎‫בַבְלִי"דַעַת‬,

god

after

°7Qq,

'Their

/‫ד‬

8:11); ‫יכֹלָת‬

then

‫בל‬,

into

a

(cf.

‘'unwittingly'

so

with ‘be-

the

land'

§252)

or

‎‫ל‬

4:42}

or

{Dt

(Dt

e.g. ‎‫מנת בַּלְתִּי פָרָה‬, '‫מה‬ ‎‫ טָהוֹר‬R73, ‘He is unclean’

exterminated'

Yahweh

alone

none

other

than

the

with

‘You

(cf. (Gn

‎ּ‫נוֹעדו‬-‫בָלַתִּי אָם‬

together

3:3; negate

cf.

v.

unless

ba

also

with

‎‫חָרְב‬-‫זאת בַּלְתִּי אֵם‬

sword

will

you'

shall

sometimes

a clause

‫אַחִיכָם‬,

travel

'except,'

but

lֹ‫גְּדָעו‬

e.g.

meaning

‎reveo‫ס‬h‫א‬W' sacrifices

e.g.

is

a negative,

/‫זבח לָאָלהָים יהֶרֶם בַלַתֵּי לַי‬,

457),

of

Gideon’

$557),

not

see

43:3),

my

they

‎‫ב‬ with

‫הלבו‬,

made

an

It may

‘Do

your

bro-

pleonastic two

persons

appointment?'

4).

construct

infinitives,

usually

commanded

J

‫לְאתְרָארּ ָנַי‬

uniess

sometimes have

pleonastic

(Ju 7:14).

face

{Ex

‫אָין‬, 'This 8

e.g.

‫שנַיִם יַחִדָּו‬

‎‫מענה‬-‫צַריתִיה לְבִלתִּי אבָל‬, 'I 69

oil'

R73

)cf.

To

with

ad-

(Is 5:14).

2:2;

(Am

(Jb

prepositions

I Sm

DN,

(Ps 32:9).

the

either

‎‫לִשְׂגַהאָחג בְלִימים‬,

‎‫הָאֲרָץ‬-‫לַהַבִיאָם אָל‬

cf.

ther

only

without

usually

‎ֹ‫לְבַדּו‬

‎‫אתְּכֵם‬

324

‎‫בל‬ largely

$423),

$399),

20:26).

occur with

with the preca-

‫תי‬ya7:‎

e.g.

e.g.

§400),

cf.

'boundless'

22:19);

or

‘Let me not eat of their (like

Sm

cf.

19:4).

(Ps

unable

with

Limitative, to

DIR",

N7;

Privative (like NY; cf. $400), unerring blow' (Is 14:6), Nh

e.9.

cf.

‘but his mind

‎‫בל קר‬, 'so as not to approach you'

Negative form

va

No;

141:4).

with a construct

The

Ny"

(like

(like

B7iP yD]

e.g.

Negative

(I

Ps

23:7).

Subjective

in Q°7‫א‬

417

phrases,

aiv-b2

is not

421

'He has said to

predicates

e.g.

in judgment

with you’

daintiesi' 416

adverbial

either adjectives,

‘To be partial is

or

The

14:56.

e.g.

was

§274),

Wn-‫י‬727,‎

perfect

147:20.

414

Often

Is

to flee’

not come’

or participles,

flourish

9:28).

about

anointed

NK;

Yahweh

was

‘not

(like

cause

he

‎‫ מָשֵחָ בַעֲתָו‬vA, heard'

reeds

that

‘The harvest will

predicates

infinitive,

an

spa,

not

are

him

28:55,

Dt

e.g.

Privative

tell

7p

cf.

nominal

voices

e.g.

not

Nia?

(II 5m 1:21),

to poetry.

(like

With

jactives,

(II

ba

is

did

32:10);

(18s

pline’ (Pr 5:23), or 7 (cf. 1274), e.g. ‎‫וַעָצִי ארזֵים לא‬ ‎,np‫‘ רָא‬cedar timbers without number! (I Ch 22:4). The

he

(Gn 31:20),

This construction may be accompanied by the ְ of obli‎‫לָנוּ אִיטׁ לְהָמִית גְּיְטְרָאֵל‬-‫וְאִיו‬, ‎t‫"נ‬ gation tcf. §284), e.g. is

Objective denial (like N7; cf. $395), with both perfect and imperfect aspects, e.g. kin NQ ‎‫ כ‬i‫עַל"בָלִי הֲגִיִד ל‬, ‘because

9115.

Ez

4:2,

Es

cf.

20:6);

.'

impos#ible

ig

‘It

‫ואִין‬,

418

(cf,

. .

to

'it is not possible

ch

(II

you’

the

‎‫עַמַתּ לְהַתִיצֵב‬

e.g.

late),

(mostly

of

the meaning

with

#196),

use

you

with

not

to

‎‫ל‬, e.g.

eat

of

it’

424

(Gn 3:11). With tha preposition 7 before a clause to express tive purpose, e.g. iNynn ‎‫לְבִלתִי‬, 'that you may not

and evil' 8:22).

(Ex 20:20); The 425 426

Negative

II Sm 14:14;

commonly

as

ing an

a poetic

with

no room’ 1), II Kg

without

Restrictive,

(cf. Ie synonym

of

that

less,’

14:26;

6.9.

The

no

also

an

7: 6);

not

you'

(Nu

clause

2:7);

the

‎litn‫'ט‬

{parallel

(cf.

to

have

come

‎-‫אֶת‬

‘yet,’

introduced

by

‫אפס‬

(cf.

enterprise'

(Ju

534

There

are

arouse Jb

og,

Gn

but

e.g. nor

used

07

your

sight'

daughter,

your

Ex

Eowever,

cf.

the to

the

am 634

(Gn

6:8);

is

rendered

‘even,’

where

‘while of

his

male

not

cf.

it

merely

‎)‫ז‬1

desolate'

‘I

your

was

your

servant’

Accompaniment,

(II

Sm

meaning

in

e.g.

Abel

I Sm

female

such

TDA

on

his

ex-

N°

‎‫וְהַבָל‬

part

brought

specifically

17:40

their

(vp).

stylistic,

5 02:31(, father's

or

used.

flock,

4:4}; is

‎ּ‫וּבתה‬-‫אַתָּה וּנָנְב‬,

‘two or three eunuchs'

conjunction

be

(Gn

21:16.

nyry 0?19,

first-born

Pleonastic,

‎,‫הדבַע‬aּ

you w11

occasionally

‎‫הָאָתַבָה‬-‫גה תְעְרָרו אָת‬ awaken

my

love’

(Ca

like.

the

ּ‫פַה"תַּעֶירג‬, 8:4;

con-

734

31l:l.

few

replaced

conjunctions

by

in

prepositions

Hebrew.

with

gold

mice

and

11);

cf.

IJ Sm

25:42,

tial

clauses

They

noun

are

clauses.

Comparative, ‎‫אבל יַטְעַם"לו‬ Pr

834‘

‎‫ו‬

the

(cf.

as

in

Ugari-

vA lA,

‘Tamar

‫עֲבֵד אָגִיהּ וְאֲנֵי מָאַז וְעַתָּה וְאֲנִי‬

servant

15:34);

'with,'

in

cf.

the

Am

4:10,

‎-‫§ל‬

e.g.

past;

now

Jb

/?

I

4:6.

‫אַרון‬-‫אָת‬

tastes

‫ולג‬

darkness

he

called

expressing

a contrast,

7

light’

#.g.

N71

(Gn

1:5);

‫טוב וָרֶע‬, od‫ס‬g'‫‏‬ &

+

934:

II

Sm

of

their

12:30;

so

tumours’ with

(I

Sm

6:

circumstan-

§494).

its

meaning

Emphatic,

cf.

IKg

Sarcastic,

e.3.

'Wera

Yahweh

a thing

71

models

food?'

(Jb

12:11);

cf.

Jb

‫אזן‬-‫הלא‬ the

5:7,

16:21,

25:25.

3:16);

‘and,' e.g.

the

confined to poetry, e.g. [NAR ‎‫מַלִין‬ ‫‘ יחה‬Does not the ear test words as

‎ֵּ‫וְהַרְג‬, 'I will

10:2.

Disjunctive,

Yahweh's

‫וְנֹהַ תַצֵּא חן‬,

‘or,’ e.g. ANN) a,

‫ מְבָּכוּוֹת צאנו‬xan,

of

palate

rather

‘whereas

‎‫בְּעַינֵי‬

(Gn

‎‫רָיהָם‬the ְ‫י טְה‬ark ַ‫ צַלְמ‬of‫וְאָה‬Yahweh ‫י הַהָב‬inַ‫כְְר‬the ַ‫אָה ע‬cart ָ‫רְבז ו‬along ַ‫וְאֵה הָא‬with‫נגָלָה‬the ַ‫ ה‬‎casket, ‫צ‬e‫'דמ‬

Co-ordinative, with the meaning ‎‫לה‬

/

night'

put

i128),

Conjunction

9:32),

portions’!

sat

-

cf.

in

and

tic, Arabic and Ethiopic, e.g. nV}

§558),

4:9).

or

20:10);

Bxplicative, some

'neverthe-

°9

Kg

fat

e.g.

son

(Ex

‎‫וּמַחֲלְבַהךן‬

to

‎‫ט‬oY' are to ay only the or

434

14128.

‘only,’

22:35);

{IJ

§252), mean-

‘Thay

Pr

‫עד‬,

e.g.

favour

pressions as D0

CONJUNCTIONS

The

431

cf.

'however,'

interrogative,

'You must

frequently

430

F

(cf.

found

'but,'

'day

2:26,

your

siave'

Nl

arabic ma trast

429

a

{ab

on

Negative

Properly

4

with

‫אֲפַס‬

9:3

Sm

II

hope'

a noun

nana

428

‎‫מַקוֹס‬

‎‫וַּכְלוּ בְּאָפָּס תחנה‬,

I tell

glory

‎‫ וְלַילָה‬ni’,

meaning

had

I Kg

‘you,

employed

‎ַ‫אָפָס בי לא הְהִיָה הַּפְאַרְתּּ עַל"הַדָּרָך‬, However,

have

Noah

cf.

41:12),

e.g.

e.g. meaning

with

Advarsative, ‘but

524.

?N.

cf.

5:8);

{Is

‎‫אַדַַר אֲלִיהּ אתו תדגֶר‬-‫הַנָּכר אעַר‬, word

34:12,

a substantive,

‘without,’ and

$5197,

234

2:17),

334 Alternative, meaning

a substantive

Privative,

cf.

sin'

DX

Properly

there is d> in v.

427

cf.

nega-

(Gn

as

‘and

greatly

specially,’

increase

your

‎‫עָצַבוֹנה‬

labour

‫ארְבַּה‬

pains'

‫הַרְבָה‬

(Gn

ll:l.

‎‫בַּשַׁמַיס הַיּהְיָה פַדְּבֶר הזה‬

even "to make

this

e.g.

happen?'

windows (IJ

Kg

in 7:19),

in‫אַרְּו‬, ‫עֹשַׂה‬ the

‘sky,

‎‫אֲנִיהֶם‬

/* could

‫יגת‬

ּ‫וְהִגֵּת‬, such

‘'and

just ll,

440

who Ju

is

their

father?’

{Gn 3:5),

you

have

rejected

you

as

II

21:15;

Sm 18:

Adjunctive, for

meaning

him

the

Distributive each

(Ez

has

as

32119.

49:16);

word

of

cf.

Kg

‫יר‬yl‎ ‫ר‬°y‎

Jp],

Dt

I Ch

32:7,

e.g.

na?

Conjunction

Causal

gores

(cf.

you

have

cf.

Gn

a male

or

‫מֶרַגְלֶים‬

)c£.

{Ex

NA? Ty

slave’

(Ex

we

21132),

'or if it gores

a

e.g.

after

21:31).

450

e.g.

nִ‫אַת‬

may

you

‎‫כִי עָשֵיתָ דאת אָרר‬, 'because be

accursed!’

(Gn

3:14); 451

munna

in

your

army

greet him’ There

is

(II Kg one

4:29);

unusual

cf.

II Sm 19:8,

example

in

an

unreal

you

must" not‫‏‬

IT Kg

18:22.‫‏‬

condition

e.ָ‫ש‬. ‎‫עד‬,

447

hope'

{Ru

1:12),

(of. $4448, Adversative,

530).‫‏‬ after

‎ּ‫ְׁתָה‬

‫קרי‬

‫כֶָּי שֵׂרָה‬

Sarai, ‘but 72

let

but

this

is

a negative

name

(cf.

‘You

are

be

Sarah'

not

§555),

(cf.‫‏‬

one

to

(Gn

call

‎‫לְארתְקְרָא‬

17:15);

her

name

cf.

with

5:20);

spies’

we

now’

would (Gn

pleonastic

/* ‫חַי‬, hence

Pas

I Kg

I

‘truly,’

‫לגלא‬,

have

cf.

DX

‎‫צ‬B' Yahweh, meaning

certainly

43:10);

(Gn

'I1

returned

37:20,

Jb

5B:

possession (Ju

already,

8:6);

cf.

ny ‎‫הֶכף זָבַח וְצלמנּע‬ of Zebah and Zal-

that

Jb

we

38:20,

should II

Kg

give 18:34,

like

clauses

noun

introducing

br,

Greek

cf.

‫על‬,

Gn

22:12;

‫קב‬, nnn,

the

sometimes

1y?.

Such

interrogative ‘is

it

a

after

the

prepositions

clause

may

occasionally

particle a fact

(not)

(Gn

thus: 7 (cf. that?'

‎)‫ה(לא‬, 5487),

with e.g.

some-

laft

of

Saul's

house?'

(II

Sm

cf.

9:1);

Jb

6:22;

‎‫הלוא כ אֲנֹבָי צְרָיתֵי אֶהָכֶם‬, 'Im it not a fact that T have

concessive‫‏‬ e.g.

indeed

fY‫ר‬8‎

‎‫עוֹד אֲשֶׁר גוֹתַר לְבִית עַאגּל‬-‫הכ* יִש‬, 'I8 there ‫סת‬t‎ 11

commanded 452

‫ שמה‬-‫אָת‬,

her

perhaps

Kg

e.g.

(Je

‎‫ולרא אֲלהֶים כָּי"עוֹב‬, 'Go4 ‫פ‬a‫ש‬‎ that it was good'

follow

§715(: ‫לִ תָקוָה‬-‫פ אֲמרְתִי כְש‬, 'i£ I were to say that I‫‏‬ have

by

Nominalizing,

the meaning

one,

are

as high

there'

in oaths,

you

B‫כי"גבַי‬‎

nest

from

32:29).

2:5.

ּ‫תְבַּרְבָבֿו‬

any

down

(Gn

e.g.

set your

sometimes

(II

‎r‫ט‬oY' name shall

‎‫הִתְמַהְמָהְנ ּ כָּי עַתָּה עַבְנוּ זָה מעמים‬

food?'

446

encounter

in ver-

him’

your

1:10);

you

only

you

$457),

14:7.

bal clauses, e.g. ‎‫ תִי"הַחֵל הָאֲדָם לרב‬°p?1, 'now when mankind began to multiply’ (Gn 6:1}; cf. Ju 12:5. Conditional, in real conditions (cf. §515), e.g. ‎‫פָי"הֲמִצַא‬ ‘If

‘when,’

already

Temporal

‫אִיט‬,

in the meaning

14:44,

delayed,

445

‫לא‬

$497),

bring

(cf.

Israel'

Resultative (cf. §527), e.g. T‫כי‬‎ 74 ‎‫ לִצְבָאֲהּ לָחֶם‬TRJ, ‘Do you have the hands

Je

6:12f.

oy

}530),

‎‫רצְתִּי אֲחֲרָיו‬-‫כָיאָם‬

e.g.

not

but

you

‎‫ץ‬B' Pharaoh,

5457),

had

2,

‫כ‬, I Sm

run

Jacob,

a use originating

cf.

twice

’”

this,

(cf.

37:24.

Ps

as

‘Though

cf.

42:16);

26:13.

pleonastic

'though' (cf.

I will

Asseverative, ‎‫אַתּם‬

'the elders

iN ‎‫ר‬

‎‫ ?בח‬J2TiN,

n37iN

a daughter’

}533),

done

34:6.

of

aagle's,

‘indeed,’ female

The

Nu

an

wil]

gores

it

cf.

4439

ix

ox

if

18:26,

2:22);

nny, or

Gn

he

Nֶir8-hַ‫א‬‎ i‫ל‬-‫ועַאלַי‬,‎ (I

e.g.

Yahweh,

cf.

e.g.

son

spoken

the

with substantives,

or clauses,

be

‫ קר‬Wa,

Alternative, the

longer

‎ּ‫מְעם אוֹרִידְה‬

alsoi'

10:14);

448

with

‎‫יִשְרָאָל‬-‫לא ?עקב יַאֲמַר עוֹד שַתָהּ פַי אָם‬,

‎71ִ‫ וַײמְאֲסְףּ מִמ‬/‫יַעַך מָאַסְתָּ אֶָת"ְבַר י‬,

‘also,’ e.g. $101},

no

common

meaning

(I Sm 15:23);

kingdom

(cf.

city’

'if

it is more

Concessive,

rejected

king’

The Conjunction

444

cf.

=.g.

'Because

of

443

10:12);

Resunptive, introducing an apodosis, e.g. ‎‫בְיוֹם אֲבָלְכְם‬ ‎‫תפ וְנָפְקָהוּ צָינָיכָם‬, ‎‫ת‬n‫ 'ס‬the day you eat of it your eyes

‘Ask

442

Sm

14:16.

will be opened'

441

(I

you?’

Recitative,

e.g.

Sm

13:28);

introducing

direct

cf.

your

Ex

3112,

servant?

A

dog!"'

(II

I Sm

speech

‎‫ חזהאַל כָּי מה עַבְדְּּ הכלַב‬apx?1,

is

"3

(II

Kg

10:l.

like Greek

'Hazael said, 8:13);

cf.

I Kg

SrL,

“What 21:6,

‫‏ רשע‬aֹ‫תקְטֹל אָלו‬, 'I€ only you would slay the wicked, O‫‏‬

The 453

Conjunction DK Conditional, in real

‎‫הַמָּקוֹם גַעְבוּרָם‬-‫אָמְצָא תַּסְדֹם חַתָשִים צַצִיחֵס בְּתוֹו הָעִיר וְנָשָׂאחִי דָכָל‬,

. .

AAP force

12;

cf.

tcf.

or

‘If

.

.,

they

$517,

§$§454,

would

unless

(cf.

before

me,

cf.

9:2-4,

I would

Alternative,

not

expressing

‫אֲלהִיט‬

I will

17:55,

II

50:

the

concessive

use

of

D

this

people'

clauses

(Je

(cf.

$544),

do

3:14.

this

The

expressed

‫הר וְחִי‬,

thing’

(II

affirmative

'By

Sm

is

as

I saw

terday' 457

the

shed

(II Kg 9:26);

Pleonastic,

after

with

clause,

a noun

have

they

2:21);

cf. Gn 24:19; ‎‫אֶל"מְקוֹמָס‬ their

cf.

TY

'until

e.g.

blood

of

Naboth

e.g.

11:11);

cf.

I

to

‫אֶת כַל"הקָצִיר‬

the

of

completed

place’

when

adversative

element

460

whole

my

sometimes with the particle (Nu

32:17);

or asseverative

‘until cf,

(cf.

we have

Gn

§§447,

ard

458

Optative 74

(cf.

§550),

rarely

in place

of

47,

e.g.

7D

to

the

death,

and

perfect

he

a cereal

present

(cf.

aspect),

would

not

offering

(with

not

Sm

{Ru

461 °9

a thousand

stretch

18:12);

e.g. wild

(Ezk

or

$516),

e.g.

have

47

from

accepted

our

a participle),

silver

out

my

hand

the

future

pieces

animals

14:15).

through

The

{with

the

negative

in

against

hands'

e.g.

‎‫ולא‬

hands,

king's

imperfect

I son’ as-

‫לוחה‬, 'if 1 were

land

is

my

the

the

‎‫רעה אֲעֲבִיר בַּאֲרֶץ וָשְׁכִלָתָּה‬

and

they

expressed

to

with

my

in

the

the

onliy it

land

heifer,

Ishmael

you

would

might

a clause

Janmg—ig 3:3};

tically 75

is

ravage

by

‫י‬717/N7),‎

not

have

discovered

(cf.

out

e.g.

live in

mood,

or

a‫פָני‬7‎

before

e.g.

in

the

{Gn

17:18);

‎‫ ה‬,73 ‘lf

NT) with

future

‎‫לג יִשְׁמַעָאל‬,

rn?

you!’

accordance

this

particle

to be rendered Gn

14:2};

perhad

your

promise!'

lg

ia aya, cf.

(Nu

aspect),

might

turn

Conjunction

and

Egypti'

the precative

The

Before

of

imperfect

30:34).

tion,

t‫ס‬‎

‎‫לולא חַרַשְתָּם בּעַגִלְתִי לא מִצֵאתָם הָידָתִי‬, 'If ‫סץ‬u‎ had not

{Gn

{Gn

after °R7a (cf. $422).

feeling

oniy

VP,

449)

(with

conditions

my riddle’ (Ju 14:18); cf. II Kg 3:14. Optative (cf. {548), either in the past (with the fect aspect), e.g. ‎‫לגּ"מתנוּ בַּאָרֶץ מִצְרַים‬, 'If only we

‘If

‫עד‬,

after

us

the

or even with

brought

28:15;

put

13:23);

(with

doubt)

harvest’

offering

died

‎‫לא‬,

yaes-

ּ‫קָלו‬-‫אִס‬

past

a burnt

e.g.

Sm

with

of

the

to

ploughed

your

‎‫לֵי‬-‫אַשר‬

‫עד אַעַר אָהְגיאֹנם‬,

them

an

in

desired

it'

Jb 1:ll.

(introducing

unreal

send

and

sons

introduce

(It

e.g.

or implied,

his

Conditional,

pect),

you

and

47

would

.9.6 ‎ׁ‫דְּמֵי בָנָיו רָאֲיתִי אֲמֵֹש‬-‫דְּמַי גָבוֹת וְאָת‬-‫אָסהלא אֶת‬, 'a8 ‫צטפ‬e-‎ ly

The Conjunction

were

formula

expressed

24:11.‫‏‬

to

cf.

‎‫בַמלָה‬-‫אָנֹכֶי עֹהַר עַלבַפַ אָרָף בק לְאראֶשְַׁה דַי אָל"בָו‬, '‫ב פנ‬

15:1);

oath

an

after

a negative

‫אעֶשת‬-‫נַתָשׂהּ אָם‬

not

Kg

favour

Pr

(Ju

‎‫ אי‬°ַ‫יעמֹד מִשֵה גּשֶמגּאַל לֶבָנ‬-‫אַם‬

‫ (פה=יַעֲשָׂה‬whether

‎‫את "הַחְבָר הַעָּה‬

life,

Ps

24:13.

Sm

II

Privativea,

e.‫פ‬.

and

‫תל‬, 'Are you for us or for our enemies?!

cf.

‫וכה‬

37:10)

interrogative

in

{Jo 5:13);

‎}‫יוֹקֶף‬

(Je

‘Though Moses and Samuel. were to stand

‎ּ‫לְצַרָינו‬-‫אַתּה אֶם‬ 456

is

§529), e.g.

‎‫ אֲל"הָעָס הַזֵּה‬gga,

455

this

up’

529).

Concessive

Am

rise

139:19);

‎‫לְקַח מִבְּדָנוּ עֹלָה גּמִנָחָה‬-‫ לְהֲמִיתֵנוּ לא‬/* ‫חָפַץ‬, 'If Yahweh had

Chaldaean

whole

the

defeat

to

were

you

.

(Ps

whether

‎‫אִמ"הֶכָּיתם‬

D:ֶ‫ד‬¥‎ b‫ל"תַי‬9

condition:

an unreal

introduce

459

to

passages

two

in

an exception,

as

Perhaps,

31:9.

Gn

cf.

18:26);

(Gn

sake'

their

for

place

whola

the

forgive

I will

city,

the

in

righteous

fifty

I find

at Sodom

‘If

454

God!’

e.g. “DX

§515),

(cf.

conditions

expresses

‘else,’

fear

‘lest,’

or

precau~-

e.g.

‎‫וְלֹא‬

'You must not touch it lest you die' 24:6,

§591),

32:12.

when

Often

it means

it

is

‘beware

used

lest,’

ellip-

e.g.

(Is

36:18);

cf.

Dt

to

you'‫‏‬

mislead

Hezekiah

lest

‫יִית‬-‫פַן‬, are‫ש‬Be'‫‏‬

ּ‫אֶתְכָם הִזקְּהו‬

introduce

vahweh’s

5

RELATIVE

The

PARTICLES

Particle

a

‎‫אֲשֶר‬

864

rare

By

the

tenth

century

B.C.,

Hebrew

and

Moabite

doned the use of the true relative pronoun substituting rived

from

Akkadian to

463

the

for

it

a particle

an

obsolete

adru).

Such

use

of

wo

in

of

colloquial

meaning

ig

German

as the equivalent

of a relative

ticle

was

as

resumed

by

nominal

suffix

Relative, am

your

employed

a later or

e.g. brother

45:4);

cf.

Ex

a

element an

or

the

in

(cf.

clause

The par-

usually

to

auch

a pro

as

Joseph

whom

you

ll:l0,

Nu

Dt

sold

into

10:29.

Egypt'

cf,

464

and Ju

he

whom

you

curse

will

cursed’

(Nu

22:6);

used like

°9 (cf.

introduce noun clauses, e.g. ‎‫מָאֹד‬, 'Saul cf.

$451)

Dt

9:7.

This

is

especially

470

after

pre-

Result, ‎‫אִי זגל‬

466

very {II

Purpose,

a very (Ex

Recitative, 76

‘so

'so

like that

rare

use

that

your

20:26};

employad

cf.

Dt

like

Dn (cf. no

one

5523),

(cf.

pudenda 4140,

°3

§527), can

Jo

(cf.

say,

I Kg

13:16,

Gn

cf.

9:37(;

Kg

Tezebel*"'

on it’

used

‫לָאיאמרגּ זאת‬,

‎‫ערומְהּ עָלָיו‬,

467

rarely

e.g.

‎‫אֲעַר‬

“This

ia

e.g.

will

not

thus

IJ

clause

employed

Sm

°n

(cf.

ken

to

very

the

in is

Gn

/°

commands

of

‎‫מַחֵר‬

Sm

li:4.

with

like

This

471

to

in

north

be sins

II

Ch

in

(cf.

real (Dt

‫יִשְׁאֲלוּן‬

(Jo ‘eal,

construed

as

$533),

against

son

on

3:

him'

(I

Palestinian

and

*#/-@ was

conditions

‫אעַר‬, 'if

l1:27,

parallel

as

those of

‎‫ר‬

of

a particle

(cf.

late

you

your

clause

in

an

happened

is

(cf.

what

that

it

‎‫תגְּלָה‬-‫אֲׁר לא‬

{Ju

be

I perceived

77

me

6:17),

2:13);

(Ec

for

cf.

2:16),

6).

accusa-

‎‫ אש‬nx,

8:31,

parallel

Ec

3

or

it no

number Its

longer

it

uses

rela-

may

be

parallel

so

9:12,

‫פחוֹל‬, 'like the sand which is ‎‫הָיָה‬ ‫מה"עהה הגּא‬, ‘Whathappen’

‎‫אוֹת ַאַתָּה תבר‬ is

wisdom.

2:14;

(Ec

original

but since

$129).

will you

‎‫לַתְכְתָהּ מך "הַטַכְל גת‬

that

the

§462).

a

sign

Kg

to

children inv.

{I

hear-

parallel 9

Hebrew

gender

Relative, e. g. ‎‫שׁעַלשְפַת הגס‬ on the sea-shore' (Ju 7:12), has

like

to

fellow'

in use,

distinctions

regarded

Kg

6:22).

3:12f,

472

his

e.g.

‘This woman's

‫ער‬, 'if

a noun

‘in

4:22.

‎‫תּשְתֶעג אלהמְצָוֹת‬ Yahweh'

meaning

.B/-

pronoun

ever

is

equivalent

the

°3

lay

Jo

used

‫גִנַיכָם‬

future’

a man ox

In

‫וַיאמר‬

"I aid obey

probably

she

34:13,

rarely

e.g.

28),

the

because

15:15,

3446),

v.

night

°By

and Greek dx,

cf.

specification,

e.g.

exposed

15:20);

noun

Nominalizing,

3:7.

§452)

I

exhibited

positions.

465

the

Conditional,

tive

I Sm 18:

frequent

a

of

and

The Particle

and Greek Sr. to

successful’

cf.

to

‎‫ מל‬niN-‫ורא שאל אַשר‬

saw that he was very

.,'

19);

‘if is

1:12.

Nominalizing,

15};

be

Sm

‫שַאוּל‬

tive function in the light of anyq‫ל‬‎ W‫י‬‎ ‫א‬yn?

used without antecedent, e.g. 12 N‫ר‬A‫ אֲשַר‬‎‫דַעְתִּי אֵת‬ ‎‫גאר‬ ‫וַאקֶר תא‬, 'I know that he whom you bless is blegsed,

.

during

This

‫זי‬

it

accusative

.

ask

(Gn

Sometimes

an

‎‫ אם‬in

adverb.

‫אֲנִי יוֹף אַחִיכֵם אַשֶר"מְכַרְתָּם תי‬,

{1

introducing

died

be

‎‫תרתה‬ 315,

469

modern

pronoun,

‎‫אָלהשִמוּאֵל‬

‎‫ ה" הְאֲשַה הזאת לכה אשׁר פכְבָה עָלָיו‬nn2l,

‎‫אֲשַר‬, de-

akin

e.g.

USAge.

that

$129},

'place' nod

‘'gap-word,'

in

aban-

semantically

Greek

then

(cf.

relationship

substantive

a procedure

had

voice"'

Causal, to

462

speech,

‫אֲשֶר שעת‬, 'Saul said to Samuel,

*/ ‎‫בהְּקוֹל‬

29:17.‫‏‬

direct

had also

10:3),

who ‫יַתְרוֹן‬

an

are ‫טכע‬

(Ec 1:9).

‫וְעָשית לי‬, speaking ‫אָנְי‬

advantage

after

Ty

‘Produce with

‫יורַאִיתִי‬

over

5:7).

‘Then

fory'

prepositions,

(Ju

me'

e.g.

{Ec ‎‫ב‬

473

Result,ee.g.

474

than

thesa?'

475

(Ec

specification

must

leave

head

is

THE

The

ny,

serves

pronoun ‎‫הָאָרֶץ‬

or

‫וְאֶת‬

create

sky

and

23);

‫אֲלהִים‬

e.g.

II Kg

used

I Sm

24: :19;

(cf.

}58),

2iv,

that

the

the

saw

determinative

‎‫ עָשֵו‬1ITThN, 27; 42);

cf.

the

e.g. light

accusative

God

18:13;

te. 556), e.g. U‫י‬p‫ה‬

with

e.g.

those

who

II

in his

emphatic

~°9 (cf. the

478

‎‫אֹתָם אֲלתִים‬

4:11.

It

feet’

479

ac-

is

(I

§59),

e.g.

temporal

‎‫ יַאֲכָל אֵת טַׁבְֹעֵת‬nian,

15:

480

of

the 8

latter

with is

°N, but

is never

found with

of

are

cf.

si

‎‫גְּיִרְאֵל‬

with

wealth

25:21,

‫נבִיא‬

42:3.

,70

righteous

clause,

'There

for

‎‫היה‬

happen a

few

is

a

‎‫אוּלַי יחשֲמֶשִים‬

within

e.g.

‫הענן‬, 'It would tabernacle

substan-

Aina Dpֶּ‫צד‬

fifty

a noun

possession, ‫אָב‬

‫לָנה‬-‫יש‬, v7,

with

‘ve

the

have

Israel

find

out

=

the

‫אע‬

days’

city’

‫וי‬

that the (Nu

preposition

an

has

‘Only unlea-

to

a

aged

cloud

9:20);

‎‫( ל‬ef.

father'

God'

(I

whether

DX when

you

the

introduce

e.g.

£m

love

(Gn

8270), 44:20),

17:46};

cf.

construction

successful’

(Gn

Expressing

obligation,

with

the

king?’

of

since

indefinite.

79

Kg

4:13);

gerundive

use

‫לָדַעַת הַישְׁכָם‬, ‘to 13:4);

expreases

are

to

speak

cf.

II

Ch

the

e.g.

to make

43:4.

infinitive,

one of

going

Gn

a construct

especially

intention,

really cf.

sub-

on your

25:9.

Thia

construct

e.g.

behaif is

a

infinitive

$196).

Elliptic, 9:12);

the

(11

(Dt

24:42);

‫היט‬, ‘Ought

pronominal

‫הביט‬

Yahweh'

‫בָּא‬-ּ‫אָמ"יַטִב‬, 'if you

‫לֵח‬-‫לְדַגַּר‬

the

‎/‫י‬-‫אֶת‬

Journey

tcf. 48l

employed

a participle,

variant

accusative

Nh,

‎‫זַקָן‬

ject

vened loaves shall be eaten during the seven days’ {Ex 13:7); and likewise with the accusative of material (cf. $53), e.g. ‎‫וַתּפַלָא הַאֲרֶץ אֶתהַמַיִם‬, ‘Fhe land was filied with the water' (II Kg 3:20). Note that the particle

nt occurs

e.g.

‫?מ*ם‬ the

Occasionally

to

‫ולגד‬

(on

8:21);

endowing

of

9:21.

‎ָּ‫אַל"הַַל‬

with

‎‫לְרְבְקָה‬

‘thus

(II Kg S:8),

so with

Expressing

my

‫וַרָא‬

1:4);

(Pr

there

over

‎‫מַצְלִיח דַרְכִּי‬

§57),

Kg

Nu

after

also

(cf.

me'

function

‫‘ זנ‬kg ‘a2.‫‏‬

‫וַיברָה‬,

accusative (Gn

W?

original

‫לְהגְחִיל‬,

in Israel’

be

its

existence,

‎‫אֲלהים לְישְרָאֶל‬

Oceasion~

‎‫הַאוֹר‬-‫אֲלְתִּים אָת‬ good’

love

in

‫אֲהַבִי‬

‘Perhaps

e.g.

to

undeterninated Sm

‎‫לש‬

Expressing

cf.

e.g.

began

of specification

was

in

function,

8:5.

PARTICLE

used

(Gn' 18:24);

normal

‘Esau's words were tolé to Rebekah’ I Kg

tive,

‎‫העִיר‬,

my

‘He constructed high

cf.

suffered

with

an

by#1,

the accusative

specification ‘God

with

12:31);

Occasionally

prophet

I

substantive,

‘when

cf.

1:22);

‎‫רַגִלָיו‬-‫חָלָה אֶת‬, ‘He cf.

‫בֿרָאשִיח‬,

(Gn

(I Kg

but

accusative

l:l}),

ning nan

shrines’!

with

the ‫ברַא‬

EXISTENTIAL

‎‫הּּשפו‬-‫מְִפַר על‬

a determinated

{Gn

them’

‘because

in poetry

the. earth’

incorrectly

cusative, employed

in

THE

would

is rare

when

‘because

‎‫את‬

introduce ‫את‬

it is

place

to

‫הַעמַים‬

‘God blessed

dew’

which

aan ap,

‎‫אל‬ ‫פאט‬, {ca '5: 2).

PARTICLE

clause

the

e.g.

2:18),

with

ACCUSATIVE

particle

ally

{Ec

it'

$468),

477

accusative

an

to

equivalent

clause

(cf.

drenched

prose,

e.g.

7:10).

a noun

with

Causal,

better

were

days

former

the

that

about

come

it

has

6

476

)‫ ה‬9:5(, ‫תָה הָיָה טָהַכָּתִים הָרָאֹשֹנִים חֲיּ פוֹבָיִם מַאֲלָה‬,

‘How

of

7

adjured

thus

have

you

that

another,

than

more

beloved

‎‫'?ט‬

‎ּ‫ג מְדּוֹד שְפָכָה הִשְׁבַעְתָּנו‬4‫זוד‬-‫מה‬, 'What is your

cf.

e.g. II

‎‫ט‬2 Kg

‫וַאאמַרנָה‬, 10:15.

‘They

said,

"He

is"'

{I

Sm

V

Syntax

of

of

Clauses

488

Saul'sg

With

house?’

(II

an adjectival

‎‫וְלֹא תְטַלָם‬, 'That that

482

The

Semitic

languages,

languages,

483

by

grammatical

l

NOUN

CLAUSES

Certain

clauses

ians

as

aquivalent

may,

on

rare

contrast

express

co-ordination,

subordination

simply

parataxis.

are

regarded in

by

function

native to

noung.

grammar-

Such

should

vow

and

Clauses

in

occur

relationship

after

a

with

introductory

‘the

place

39:20);

clauses

this

‎‫אשר‬, e.9.

where

cf.

Gn

the 40:3,

Lv

you

laws'

(Dt

It

should

be

syntactic

stressed

that

the

case

names

8:6;

merely

/‫ דֶבר‬nA, {Ho

or

2:8,

As the subject of a verb, e.g. T|7 v7‫מ‬a"‫ כי‬‎‫וִלְפַאוּל הֲגֵד‬ ‎‫ִקעֵילָה‬, 'wWhen it was told Saul that David had escaped

‘because

Keilah'

ter

‎‫= וויה‬.‫נ‬. ‫שָׁני לָחֹת האֲנָנָיִם‬-‫אֲלֵי אָת‬ happened

.

.

. that

In

apposition

port has

‫הַזאת‬

be

cf.

Yahweh

cf.

As

and

weil

to

you’

as predicative

‎‫עה‬, 'This

gave

27:4,

and

me

nn,

that

this

(Dt

13:15,

nominative,

is how you are to make

often

/ ‫ נתַן‬. . . the

substantive,

‫נָכוֹן הַדְבַר‬

founded

among

I Sm

two

7:1; more usually Gn 21:22).

nominative ‫ַעִשְתָה‬

committed

Equivalent

ak

a

‫ַתְּוֹ צבָה‬

true

been

to

of

an interrogative

‎‫ אַער נוֹתַר לִבִית טאהל‬Tiy,

{Ju

‫וַיִהִי‬,

(Ec

cf.

490

stone

introduced

Gn

lil,

follow

31:20,

or

the

asyndeatic.

bound

Nu Lv

‫ אַערהאַסורָי‬nipq,

were

9:18;

abominable

act

11,

or

'Is there not still

729,

done

‎‫אַשֶר‬

‫וְזָת‬ 4391

6:15); -u

someone

{Gn

without,

to speak

7:35,

I

Sm

through

25:15,

with

e.g.

no

II

Kg

introduc-

D‫ השַי‬h‫עקב תִּשְׁתְעוּן א‬, 'because 7:12);

introduced

e.g. what

was

great

on

he II

was Kg

cf.

Nu

20:12,

‎‫אֲשֶׁר‬, e.g.

by

#? was

16:17,

‎-‫אֲשׁר‬

‫אֲחֲרֵי‬

Israel a res-

‎‫גִעִינֵי‬ evil

Jb

‫אַתההרַע‬ in

‫עֶטג‬-‫פַּי‬

Yahweh'a

‎,y‫ל‬

sight'

‎‫תַכִי‬

left

do In

the the

to

be

earth’!

(Gn

6:5};

successful’

12,

but

{I

Sm

18:15);

cecasionally

are

usually

word

order

'by

.

asyndetic

(cf.

Dt

‫רְאִיתָם‬,

‘Whatever

§576),

.

.ring.'

with

e.g.

Such

a finite

Tb]

‎‫פַתָאם‬

you

and

‫יהוֹשֵע‬

me

§60),

adverbial

verb

I Sm e.g.

see

(cf.

16:12;

'uaS‫ט‬l

cf.

without,

same quickly' (Ju 9:48). adverbial accusative of manner rendered

cf.

‎‫הוא מַשְׂכִּיל מָאֹד‬-‫ורא שַאוּל אשָׁר‬,

very

8:5,

the

‎‫עֲשֵּיתִי מְּתַרוּ עשוּ כָמוגָי‬

17:4).

santence, e.g.

had

‎‫ (אֶת) אשַׁר צס‬, e.g.

‎‫וְהַבֵּה‬

that

(Gn

they

or

confined’

began

a preposition

either

As object of a verb, usually with °2, e.g. °9 /° N21 ‎‫רגה רֹעַת הָאָדם בּאֲרֶץ‬, ‎he‫ש‬haY' saw that the wickedness of

re-

@.d.

23:1),

form,

They

3:12).

the

‘should

it’

(Jo

mankind

.g.

5:4);

Accusative

18 80

good'

af-

Ex 29:38.

subject

than

‎‫ ליַעְרָאֵל‬/* ַ‫הָנֵית‬, 'after Yahweh had given pita'

23:13);

cf.

may

these Gn

Nominative

(I &m

is better

prisoners

‘when Yahweh

1:2);

they

obey

Am

functions.

from

‫טוב‬

a vow

always

in

13:46,

$451).

the

‫אֲשֶׁר לא "תדר‬

‎‫הַמּלֵר אֲסוּרִים‬

royal

‎‫הל‬

by

‎‫מִַתְּדּוֹר‬ it

are

substantive

e.g.

datarminated

make

3;:l.

7:18.

tory particle,

be

e.g.

not make

not

Hosea'

occasions,

Gn

Genitive

489

Semitic

you

(of. $91), and when equivalent to an accusative case may also be marked by the particle ny (cf. $475). They are frequently introduced by aK (cf. $464) or °p (cf.

‎ּ‫בְּחרגו‬

487

i.e.

Ec

Indo-European

may

tabletg' (Dt 9:11}; cf. Is by waw-'consecutive' (e.g.

486

logical

the

cf.

predicate,

‎‫בָהוֹטַע‬

‘It

485

to

should

9:1);

article

express

484

commonly

in

you

Sm

‫שה‬ 24:

‎‫מה‬ do,

often

clauses

inverted

‫ובא אֲלֵיהֶם‬

2

‫הַגִּלְגֵּל‬-‫הַַילָה עָלָה מִו‬, a‫ט‬Josh'‫ ‏‬came upon them suddenly by‫‏‬ having marched Dt 12:22, 7:6,

up Ex

version,

‫עַגל‬

e.g.‫‏‬

ail night l6:18. In ‫לָכֶם‬

from some

‫עֲשִיתֶם‬

Gilgal' (Jo cases there

‫אָלְהֵיכָט‬

/‫לִי‬

10:9); cf.‫‏‬ is no in-‫‏‬

494

‫וָאֲרָא וְהִגַּה חַפַאתָם‬

‫ זי‬saw that you‫‏‬ ‫חַפֵּכָה מַרתָּס מַהֶר מָו"הְַרֶח אַער"צגְּה יו אֶחְכָם‬, had “Sinnea against ‘Yahweh your Gea "by making yourselves‫‏‬ a molten that

calf

Yahweh

casionally

and

by

commanded the

was

(Ju

evil

in

2:11£.);

tive,

cf.

either

11(,

away

turning (Dt

is

9:16);

from

cf.

used,‫‏‬

Dt

9.8.

the

Oc-‫‏‬

‫בנידיטְרָאֶל‬

sight

Am

For

7X may be

by

serving

the

such

clauses

in

employed

the

according

the‫‏‬

0viN-‫ לא מֶר מִַל‬/‫וַַעֲשׂה הרֶע בָּעֵינָי י‬

what

from

was

all

evil

the

in Yahweh's

sins

of

sight

Jeroboam'

by

(II

‘Be

strong

whole

teaching

left’

(Jo

As

accusative

an

.

. . . to act in accordance .

not

deviating

from

it

‫חוק‬

to

right

of

/‫בַרַכְתּ י‬

sed you’

(Dt 12:7),

the way'

(I Sm

is the

specification

(cf.

§57),

‫אַעֶר‬, 'as Yahweh

naa

15:2);

i> cy-oyx,

cf.

Lv

your

with

26:35.

An

instructive

‎‫זְתָם בָצַע אָמְכָתוֹ אֲשׁר צגה‬

following:

‎‫מַיתַיחֲדֶם תֶרֵס וְלֹא תמל‬, in which or

then

496

verb, ‎‫ לא חֲמָל‬is an adverbial accusative, and m1 ‎‫אֲשַׁר‬ nT nn is an accusative of specification, i.e. ‘Yah-

493

has

done

what

he planned, mise; as he decreed long ago, out pity' (La 2:17). As a determinative accusative

has he

carried has

out

demolighed

his

(cf.

§59),

introduced

by

‎‫אשֶר‬, e.g. ‎‫הַלָא"הגד לַאדנָי אֶת אֲשֶׁר עֲֵיתָי‬, 'as my lord not been

82

told

what

I dia?’

(I

Kg

497

18:13);

cf.

II

Sm

2l:ll.

498

§582).

This

Other

e.g.

predicates

be

‎‫ גְְמְרוֹז‬pr

Samaria

(I

Kg

such

ayan1,

‘while

the

18:2),

or

‎‫ זו‬Sm

17:41),

top

the

sky'

(Gn

(Ex

else

‫וְהָאִיט‬,

11:4),

passover'

‘with

as

an

ad-

famine was

his

shield-

‫וראו‬,

‘with

‫ ה‬nog,

‘since

asyndatic

of

a verb

aspect

is

used,

described

is

are

and

employed.

e.g.

‎‫דַּרְפַי‬

past

For

it

with

‫הָצְלָיח‬

its

is

the

(Gn

‎ּ‫ובהג‬, ‘the

having

a formless

20:4,

26127,

a future

II

and

An

e.g. {Gn

adn void'

N27

a

a per-

‘since

imperfect

Abraham will

nation'

Yahweh

‎‫וְהָאָרֶץ הַיָתָה‬ (Gn

1:2);

aspect

ex-

‎‫וְאַבְרָהֶם היו‬

certainly Decome

18:18).

CLAUSES

juxtaposition, 'When

she had

meaning finished

'when,' giving

e.g.

irpyd?

him a drink,

JAI she

24:19).

Introduced

by

the

'when'

(cf. §445),

he had

been

or without

3:22.

circumstance,

powerful

TEMPORAL

Introduced

Kg

‫לגו‬, ‘since

‫דול‬

(Gn

been

24:56),

future,

past

,1°/

successful’

earth

or

the

has made my trip

38

followed

a prepositional

‎‫בַשַׁמַיִם‬

‎/‫י‬7

12:11,

circumstances

form

Simple

£436),

Nan).

the

Gn

(cf.

a participle

occur,

hin’

When

may

intro-

subject

may

before

in

the

are

e.g. ‎‫}הר בער בָּאֵש‬, ‘while the mountain was fire' {Dt 5:23); cf. II Kg 8:7, Ex 22:9 {a-

bearer

said'

with-

(cf.

then

‫נשא‬

‎‫וַתאמֶר‬

pro-

omitted,

‫הַצַּבַה‬

3

of the

accompaniment

‎‫לְפנָיו‬

a great

ex-

‎‫ ו‬of

2.1.

‎‫וְעָצוּם‬

‫ אשֶר‬/‫עָשַׂה י‬

‎‫ אַר‬is object

predicate

in

presses

in

conjunction

circumstances

phrase,

cf.

(Gn

God has bles-

‘in opposing

the

fect

or‫‏‬

always

occasionally

finite

the‫‏‬

‎‫אֲעַר יאמֶר הַּוֹם‬, 'as it is said today'

22:14( , ‎‫אֲלהָּיה‬

weh

495

1:7).‫‏‬

‎‫(אַת) אֲשֶר‬, e.g.

ample

.,

is

copula

13:‫‏‬

with

which

Yahweh's

not‫‏‬

Kg

the

severe

nega-‫‏‬

to

by

jective,

Baals'‫‏‬

concomitant

duced

syndetic),

‫ועט‬

CLAUSES

describing

(cf. §219), ablaze with

path‫‏‬

7:24,

Clauses

by

‫אֶת"הָרע‬, e‫ ‏'דת‬Israelites ‘asa‫‏‬

Yahweh's 7:12.

away

‫תָּפוּר מפגּו לָמִין‬-‫ אַל‬. . . ‫ לעְסוֹת כְּבָל"הֲּוֹוָה‬. . .

‫רּתאול‬,

4392

‫גַּעָינָי‬

e.g.‫‏‬

‫רְבְעַם‬, ‘He dig turning

/‫י‬

N7 or

mood desired,

you'

conjunction

‫הַבַעָלִים‬-‫וַעבְדגּ אֶת‬ what

quickly

CIRCUMSTANTIAL

there by

conjunction

e.g. a long

prepositions

‎‫ר‬:

9,

having

‎‫ ?מ‬bg ir-ao‫אר‬ time’

ten

followed

the

meaning

‎‫וַיְהִי כִי‬,

‎ne‫ת‬hw'

26: a). by

noun

clauses

with

499

‘when’

-

a

before

had

it

around’

there

was

Prepositions

(I

(Gn

24:22).

no

breath

governing

Sm

5:9); in

-

A

infinitive

(I

506

‘when’

as

- JNA,

‘after

may

510

‎ּ‫פַּרֶעה‬

‫לְפְנָי‬

e.g.

Egypt’

(Gn

returned

fxom

sun sets'

‘until’

your means

(cf. (IJ

‘when

514

he

'as

‎‫אֲחֲרַי שגבו‬

Chedorlaomer'

Sm

‎ׁ‫ב וֹאההַשַׁמֵש‬

of the the

anger

withdraws

from

‎‫ (ב)ַרֶם‬,

expression imperfect

aspect

cf.

or

‎‫בָטֵרֶם אָמות‬,

‘that

and

the

ten

as

Gn

expression imperfect I

speak,

19:4;

27145).

‘'befora,'

and

a noun

time,

him

30,

‘as

often, as,'

aspect,

I cry

e.g.

out'

the

the

house

(Je

before

either

20:8),

Yahweh'

e.g.

I die'

with

‎‫אַדגּר אַזְעָק‬

Naan of

§167),

in~=

‘before you came in’

see

/° n?3 RN

entered

(Gn

I nay

infinitive, e.g. king

future

'‫מט‬-

you'

(cf.

or

°q?1,

‎31‫ו אךְא‬ (Gn

45:28).

a noun ‫פי"מִִּי‬,

sinply

clause ‘as

with

means

14:28).

cf.

of

Kg

by

the

4:29,

real

or

resumptive

Gn

18:3,

unreal

‎‫ו‬

etc,

conditions

19:7).

I

{virtual

he

Sm

leave

conditional),

his

father,

e.g.

he will

‎‫וְעָזב‬

die'

19:3.

a circumstantial

windows (II

With

the

in

Kg

the

sky,

7:2};

cf.

particle

with

jq

clause

pressing

past

(cf.

494),

e.g.

‎ּ‫הְעֵינָיה‬

‫חָן‬

‫תָצֵאתָי‬

sight'

(Gn 18:3), gone

if

tative

become

(with

‎‫עָרָה הענו‬, ‘if 40:37};

while

have

time

{with

the

the

future

and

§453) the

naQ is

or

>

perfect

I have

as

this

hap-‫‏‬

just

in

{513},

e.g.

recompensed

(cf.

$446),

ex-

e.g.

TDN

aspect),

found

favour

under

your

husband's

future

e.g.

‎‫ אָאַה‬py

man'

(Gn

go

defiled'

(Nu

imperfect doeeg

(with

5:20);

aspect),

not

the

(II

the imperfect

an

not do well’! ten

85

(cf. to

the

present

Ngo,

27:46),

forth'

used

or

lift

past

e.g. itself

imperfect

§m

qjJ’g°9,

19:8);

aspect), (Gn

§469),

4:7). e.g.

commands

time

(with

‘if Jacob

yi

your

the

Very

rarely

NO] up'

(Ex

Nb Dy],

e.g.

(Gn 28:20);

to marry a wonot

frequentative

1°?

frequen-

participle),

'if you are

e.g.

‎‫טסע‬

aspect},

is going

present

/° of

in

authority,

‎‫אָם"יהְיה אֲלהָים עָתַּדְי‬, '1f God wi11 be with me' imminent

on

‎‫פֶי עַעֵית תַּתַת אֵיעַר וכ‬, 'if

cloud

time

a thing

righteous

(cf.

nya

astray

you

Aramaic

the

‫גא‬, 'if

such

3:12.‫‏‬

(cf.

ug

time

could Ex

‘if

the particles

of-

‘as often as

(I Kg

II

in

juxtaposition

44:22};

and

‎2‫שג‬-‫עד‬,

Sm

‫אֲבֵיו‬-‫אָת‬, ‘Should

have

‘ha-

3:35).

(Gn 27:33}; the

‫לְפנִי‬,

II

used

‫יתַן צַדִי‬ ‫ק פָא‬11:31}. ‎‫{ֲרֶץ יקס‬Pr earth' 515

(cf. §311), e.g. ah ּa‫אףֵאָחי‬

brother's

with

§371), e.g.

By

introduced

however,

‎‫ אַז‬ia

2:5,

simple

make

12:14).

Nip Dgq,

84

such

‎‫ תרתה‬‎‫ֶרבַא‬D ‎,pai‫א‬

aicating past tine, e.g.

By

ֹ‫ עְמְדו‬,3

defeating

note,

pen?'

(cf. $360), e.g. -‫ֶר‬7-h‫א‬‎ nipan

he

$440); Pr

usually

‫ עֹשֶׂה אַרְוֹת בַשׁמַיִם הַיִהְיָה הַדָבֶר הנה‬/‫הנה י‬, 'ere Ya‫שת‬e‫ ת‬to‫‏‬

(Gn 41:46).

§262),

entered

‘before’

the

clause

513

17:17).

replace

By (Gn

14:17).

- Ty, By

(cf.

'after'

~- "Jn,

til 509

Abram

e.g.

service'

soon

fore 508

Pharaoh's

'as soon as'

(Gn 507

(cf.§241},

- g,

‎‫לֶעֹמֶר‬,

9:16.

Kg

is

Conditions

‎‫וָמַת‬

\

entered

50s

Jo

him'

clauses:

504

‘after

‫עד אֲשַׁר לְאהנוֹתכָהגו‬,

‎‫ה‬

left

an

cf.

Real 512

irk anpn NN,

e.g.

§311),

(cf.

‫ל‬

$360), e.g.

(cf.

‘when

‫כַאַעֶר‬,

‫הַבְּתַלִּים‬

drinking’

finished

‘until’

~ Ty,

‎‫לַשְתּוֹת‬

i15), 19:

{Gn

taken

‎‫ הַשַׁחַר עָלָה‬inx1,

‎*‫ (באאָר‬, e.3.

apodosis

(e.g.

soon

‘as

The

CLAUSES

Occasionally

is

there

since

CONDITIONAL

(cf.

(cf.

‘when’

hae weakened

meaning

511

‎‫אַשַר‬.

‎)‫ה (אַעַר‬, simply

or

as,’

with

'after'

- *anx,

by

used

naver

is

This

4:7.

4

he was

‘when

437iya,

° Am

introduced

had

camels

‘until

503

cf.

came'

dawn

they 502

25:6);

‎‫ אַעַׁר‬the

no contrast

501

{Gn

'as aoon

with

$262;

the

e.g.

clause

- (in)g,

as

§241),

alive’

still 500

(cf.

about time

to (with

'if you do

the particle

WN

is

‎‫אַפַר תְּשְׁמֶערּ אָלדִמִצוֹת‬, ‘if

you

lis-

Yahweh’

(Dt

11:27);

cf.

Jo

4:21.

516

hanéa'

tive,

Ny

pect

(II

Sm

JN

. . . VIN?

Jehoshaphat'

‫פט‬ed,‎ e.g.

years

Exceptionally

Dx

(e.g.

(II

cf.

II

Sm

‎‫פּני‬

Kg

19:7;

in

the

3:14).

In

late

times

bt

Pa

twice

with

over'

the

50:12);

(Ec

6:6);

particles

cf.

§§446,

°2

cf.

(e.g.

Es Ru

518

TELIC

By means

i187), eat' 519

OR

PURPOSE)

‘'simple'

‎‫וָאבלָה‬

wav

{Dt

524

and

the

27:4};

cf.

Lv

By means

of wav

and

the

mood

it

(cf.

it to me that mood

(cf.

§189),

.

cf.

Is

preposition

the

place

or

nj2p {Gn

Yahweh's

heritage?’

{II

‎‫ ד‬and

a clause

a construct

infinitive

(cf.

e.g.

§197),

may

‎‫אַחְאָב לאָכל‬

irk,

an

infinitive

(cf.

‫לא‬

§367),

e.g.

‎‫הַצַל‬

‎‫ייעב"לָנג‬

weh . . ., 42:6); cf.

aspect ‫אֲשֶר‬

(cf.

§§175,

‫‘ ינַשְׁמֶע לְמַעֶז‬Ke

in order that Gn 12:13.

(with or without WX) 367), shall

it may

e.g. obey

go weli

. the

.

.

with

ua’

place

‫זאת‬ to

I may

cf.

Gn

of

such

him

show

the

you

RESULT

By

means

my

clause,

of

power'

(Ex

‎‫ ילבעבוּר‬e.g.

a? 2?

must

keep

you

and

‎‫ אֲשֶר‬wth

particle

‎‫ אַעַר‬. . .

a

noun

‫וְטמַרְתָ אָת"הְקָּיו‬ .o

his

statutes

.

your

children

after

chat you'

‎‫ לְבַלְתִּי‬introducing

is

expressed

by

an

imperfect

aspect

(cf.

$424),

a

e.g.

‫כַי לְבְעַבוּר נַשּוֹת אַתְכֶם בא הָאֲלהִים‬,

you

that

God

cf.

in

II

place

came Sm of

.

.

.,

14:14; a

that

or

clause

that

any (Gn

with

one 4:15);

a noun

cf.

II

clause

Kg

(cf.

17:5);

cf.

Ezk

‎x‫ס‬f'

you

with (cf.

encountering

‫למען אֲשַר לְאהיַקְרַב אִישׁ זָר‬, 'that‫‏‬

6

a

3:7.

down’

(Nu

27:10,

‫בעבגר‬, ‘Because

pleonastically

e.g.

20:20);

Cain

person-

a

might con-

§423),

e.g.

‎he‫ש‬haY' put a

him

might

23:10.

§367)

not

Rarely,

is used,‫‏‬

‫ סת‬stranger may ap-‫‏‬

l4:ll.‫‏‬

CLAUSES

‫לְהַעַז‬

525

e.g.

and the

/° ‎‫בְּקוֹל‬

voice

on

proach’

‫וַעֲלָה‬

37122).

imperfect

Jo

test (Ex

that

27:4);

the

order

(also of

with

with

)‫ (אֲשֶר‬lyn

e.g.‫‏‬

take

‘that he might rescue him from their clutches'

By ]y07 with a noun clause

‘You

infinitive

strike

Sm

‘Ahab climbed up to eat and arink' ‎"‫ ב‬Kg 18:42),

‎‫ לְעַד‬with

to

(Gn

take

in

means

purpose

sin'

mark

45:22.

The

of

bless

was

order

it

20:20}.

cf.

clause

may

10:3

1466),

well

in

‎‫)ר‬, e.g.

‫וְהָבְאֶה‬, 'Bring

‎ֹ‫אתו פַל"מְצְאו‬-‫ לָקין אות לְבָלְתִּי הַכּוֹת‬/ ‫וַישָם‬,

e.g.

you

you may

be

struct

9:6.

‎‫נחֲלַת‬-‫ וּבָרְבו אֶת‬. . . ‫חַה אעָלָה לָכָט‬, ‎tah‫ 'א‬may I 40 for . that

(cf.

4:40);

not

I may

/*

.

by

it,

‫לִי‬

‫הִעְמַדְתִּיהּ העבוּר‬

‎‫ לְבְלְתִּי תְתְעאר‬. . .

precative

imperative

Ex

rarely

Negative

CLAUSES

‫והָבִיאָה לִי‬, 'Bring

(Gn

niry7l,

521

of

e.g.

21:3};

520

(FINAL

Sm

14:20,

may

noun 5

II

‫ואלה‬

I die’

remain

‎‫ננִיהּ אחריה‬,

or

453.

you

cf.

Sm

Very

it

1:12)

before

infinitive

IT Jet

clause

7:4.

eat

‎‫הַרְאְתָהּ את"פהֵי‬

II

is

I may

you

An

93:16); 523

that

bless

this

nega-

‫לוי‬, 'if I did not res-

me

e.g.

fu-

or

to

21:30.

‎‫ואָלּ חָיָה אֲלף שָנֶים פַּעָהַיִם‬, 'if he vere to live

a thousand 517

18:12);

ally

‫ אכ‬N71 pieces in

ture tine (with a participle), e.g. '829-7Y ‎‫ל‬ apg aN, ‘if I were feeling a thousand silver my

nega-

in present

Rarely

43:10).

{Gn

delayed'

not

had

we

in

‫לולא‬, 'i

e.g. ‎ּ‫הִתְמתְמֲהְנו‬

717/717,

by

is axpressed

tive

the

13:23;

Ju

cf.

8:19);

(Ju

live’

them

iet

had

(with or without

‎‫בַעָבוּר תְּבַרָכְהּ נַפָשֵ בְּטרֶם אָמוּת‬

'5 ‫טסע‬

‎‫לה הַחֲיְתָם‬,

DIN

e.g.

aspect),

the perfect

{with

By ‫ר‬12y4‎ with a noun clause

time

in past

usually

§459),

47{(cf.

particle

the

With

522

Conditions

Unreal

of

{Je

Yah-

526

of

a simple

consecutive

sequence

(cf.

‎‫?קקלָה באֲנָנִים ומת‬1, 'They pelted him with stones

so

that

In

place

he of

died' a

(I

clause

Kg a

21:13). construct

infinitive

may

stituted, either with 7 (cf. $279), e.g. bn ‎‫קְדעִי‬

ly I¥B7 87

§§178f.),

'thus

(cf.

profaning

$368).

my

holy

name'

(Lv

20:3),

sub-

be

b7‫לח‬a‎ or

rarea-

527

you

that

that

'so

‎‫אֲֶר‬

by

rarely

icf.

16:11);

$465),

e.g.

‎ּ‫לְפָנַיף‬

‫הָיָה‬-‫ לְא‬anna

533

(I

CAUSAL

By means an

end

‘It

528

By means

of

CLAUSES

a circumstantial

‎‫וְאֲנֹכַי עָפַר וָאפָּר‬

529

530

undertaken

to

and

(Gn

ashes'

clause

speak

‎‫ אֲענָה‬Nh,

‘Though

15):

am

cf.

to

the

Lord,

1B:27);

cf.

Ju

you

1:15), the

§494),

e.g.

I am

but

435

IT am innocent,

$454),

I cannot

e.g. reply'

offer or

sky,

simply

°9

‫וכ‬

and

my

youth,

By

(cf.

I will

1448),

e.g.

not ‎‫בָגָל‬

iisten'

though

she

should

fortify

her

though

they

have

not

overcome

of

the

preposition

(Is

tive

of a clause,

instead you

know

preposition

7Yy with

a noun

39:10).

15:15);

By

use

of

53:9); that 3

cf.

Jb

e.g.

J am not

(cf.

16:17,

$258)

‎‫רשע‬

or with

an

(Jb

'‫ שסת‬although

she

spoke

to

Joseph

every

‎-‫ל‬9 vp

is

full

‫שר‬

they

spared

best

of

the

followed

by

a noun

cf.

II

the

Sm

1‫ע‬2 )c£.

of

Gn 22:16;

are

brought

them,

be-

and

herds'

flocks

haughty'

‎‫) על‬c£.

they have

not

cf.

3:30,

iw

‫מַעַמָלֵקְי הַגִיאהם‬,

II

/

Sm

him!

{Gn 39:23); cf. Gn 39:9;

clause,

‎‫כִּי גִבְהגּ בְּנוֹת צָכּוֹן‬

(‫י‬p/‫(אשַׁר‬

119:136);

e.g.

e.g.

Zion

‘because

violence

2:5.

1363(,

women

of

or the particle ‫ר‬WN‎ (cf.

§247),

they

usage

are

of

killing

the

‘because

god

‎‫באֲשֶר‬,

(Is

‘because

‫יָעַן‬, cf.

e.g. =N‫ל‬

observed Ju

viz.

3:16);

5291),

‎‫עַל‬

your tea-

3:12;

Yahweh

‎)‫ב (אַעֶר‬

was

with

(WN)

(cf.

§260), e.g.

because

they

do

‎‫ַיהִי דרת‬ (Gn

they

Ir Kg 22:17; view

44:23);

ra-

535

The

are

of cf.

spirit’!

in

14:24};

‫) מבי‬c£.

of

fact

that

my

know

cf.

I

‎ָּ‫מאֲשֶׁר יְחַרְת‬

sight'

(Ig

43:4);

cf.

(Pr

Gn

II

Sm

‎‫התַת קִיהעֲנְאוּ דָעַת‬, 1:29);

cf.

1376(, e.g.

you

22:18,

burned

Nu

25:13,

‎‫אֲשֶׁר קַעַרְתֵּם‬

sacrifices'

‫פנ‬,

(Je

19:18. of

a causal

a preposition

e.g.

with

°K

frenzied

raging

against

I kg 21:20;

bY (cf.

98

(Nu

‎(‫(אֲשַׁר‬ Ex

17:26);

5319(, e..

precious

knowledge’

the

Kg

not

‎ֹ‫עקב הַיתָה רוּח אַחֲרָת עָפּו‬, ‎e‫טפ‬uaceb' he

5363),

cf.

(II

‎(‫) מ(אעֶר‬c.

(cf.

1y2

land'

hated

equivalent

means

the

‎)‫פי‬/‫) תּתַת (אֲשֶׁר‬c. 5353(, e.g.

‘because ‘in

them,

of

you

a different

12:10;

infini-

day’

e.g.

that

‎)‫י‬/‫עקב (ְאֲשֶׁר‬, e.g.

(cf.

may

earth

‫מיטב‬-‫חָתַל הָעם על‬

a preposition

(Ps

‎‫בצֶיני‬,

10:7).

infinitive

§444),

Amalekites

8m 28:18, Nu 27:14;

‫לא‬-‫עַל"בַעתֶּף תִּי‬, 'a1-

guilty' with

an

the

the

the

tcf.

the

(Ps‫‏‬

clause

place a concessive clause, e.g. Di' ‫ף‬Di‫י‬-‫אל‬ ‎‫*ום‬,

Sm

‘Here

strong‫‏‬

me'

(cf.

‎‫סְטט אֲלתַי תָאָרֶץ‬-‫וָהַפֶּם מְמָיתָיִם אוֹתָם פאר אֵיכָם וְדָעֶים אַת‬,

‫תָיתעָלָה‬

‫הס‬, 'though Babylon should climb‫‏‬

no violence’

The

{1

for

‫הצאן‬

people

‎ּ‫שׁמרה תְוֹרָתְה‬,

$288), e.g. ny ppn-K7 7y, ‘although he had perpetrated

532

the

had

means

though

cause

{Jb 9:

.)129:2 531

from

Nu 20:12,

‫ֵי‬J°ַ‫א‬‎ nָ‫ תִפַּל‬‎ּ‫תַּרְבו‬-‫גם כַּי‬, 'Even

prayers,

°9

(Gn 6:13),

‎‫וְהגֵּחֵר‬

’ִּ‫"צדַקת‬Dַ‫א‬‎

aerie' {Je 51:53), or ba (cf. §382), e.g.‫ ‏‬1‫נ‬viֶ‫רַבַת צְר‬ ‫ לאהיכְלגּ לִי‬pa °‫ר‬4y4p, ‘Greatly have they harassed me‫‏‬ since

was

ching’

numerous

conjunction

flesh,

e.g.

‘because

16:15.

{cf.

the

all

‎)‫ִּי‬/‫(אֲשֶׁר‬

dust

9:2-4.

‫תְבאַר מְרוֹם ענ‬ to

though

ox

By means of °9 Da, e.g. YY though

(cf.

‫נָא הוֹאַלְתִּי לְדַגַר אֲל"אדני‬-‫הָגָה‬, 'Here I have

By means of the conjunction

(Is

to

$468),

CONCESSIVE

of

because of them'

Kg

3:12). 7

CLAUSES

‎‫בָעָר בא לְפַנַי כַימַלַאָה הָאֲרֶז חָמָס מִתֲּנֵיהֶם‬, 'I have decided on

or

‎‫אַעַר‬

you'

before

existed

has

you

like

one

no

(Nu

20:10,

Gn

cf.

him?’

at

grumble

is he

what

for Aaron,

‫ואהַרֹן‬, 'As

‫הוא‬-‫תַה‬

‎‫כֵי תַלָונוּ עָלָיו‬

8

e.g.

§450),

(cf.

79

by

introduced

clause

a noun

With

clause

be

a construct

arn) me'

may

(II

§291),

177,

expressed infinitive,

‘because

Kg

19:28

e.g.

PY

by

=

Is

spa

viz.

of your 37:29);

‎‫על"מכרם‬,

because

of

your

accompanying

I kg 18:18;

In

(cf.

$319),

not

9

RELATIVE

77.

Dt

cf.

3:11);

&m

(II

him'

of

afraid

wag

INTERROGATIVE

Direct

58); 542

cf.

Sometimes

Occasionally

relative aap, 537

in

poetry

pronouns

‘in

Jb

19:19.

In

north

the

introduced

AT,

net

iT,

which

nj

by

(cf.

they

the

they

§129),

(Ps

Palestinian

relative

and

late

pronoun

Hebrew

538

7:12,

Usually

Ec

*@

(cf.

§§129,

(although

‎‫ עַלָיו‬Tniy, 3:5). By means

e.‫נ‬. of

e.g.

544

(IJ Kg 6:11);

rarely

WN

(cf.

in poetry)

by

§§462f.),

e.g.

upon which

you

means

of

the

re-

‎‫הַמַּקוֹם אשַר אַתֵּה‬

are

standing’

the

article

before

a participle

(cf.

Judah

who

is .sending

cf.

e.g.

twice’

(I

Is

8:6;

or

you

ll:9);

cf.

Ez

By means of parataxis or (i.e. virtual relative),

and originally

§90),

‎‫בר‬

‫הֹרָה‬

‫אֲמַר‬

and

the

night

(7h

3:3);

This

is

cf.

Dt

An

occasionally

a finite

Kg

verb

‎‫ס‬hw' had appeared

the the

"A man 18

found

ag 1772, ‘the path on which 18:20); cf. Gn 15113.

is

day

also

they

Je in

‎‫אגלָד‬

in which

has

40:20,

ia been

13:20,

prose,

are

inde-

‫יוֹם‬ I was

‫לאבד‬ born,

conceived"!' Ps e.g.

to proceed'

16:4);

he)

'Go,

cf.

I

r‫ט‬o¥Y>' 1ife will rise up (brighter) than noontime' (Jb 11:17); cf. Ps 4:8.

‫אַנֵשִים אַחים‬-‫ַי‬, 'for‫‏‬

‫הֲרֵעֶב‬

of

- Omission

e.g.

‫ול‬, ‘My punishment

In

regularly

‘What is his name?'

nֹ‫ַאַפלו‬,‎ 34 = II

normally

+ subject,

(Gn 4:13), aol‫‏‬ 8:31), ‫בַאָרֶץ‬

is

°‫א‬,

Inversion

18

demonstrative

order

the

which

words

characteristic

predi-

'This is the thing that you

When

Interrogative

in@,

clearly

have

win ojy,

e.g. AJ

‎ּ‫הָאִיש הּלְזָה‬-‫מִי‬,

norx-

indefinite,

kinsmen'

implying

the predicate,

‎ּ‫הְבָל אֲחִיה‬

definite,

in

are

581

which

clauses,

we

generic,

(Gn

functioning

the

is employed, it precedes the predicate, e.g. ,°7 '¥ahweh is his inheritance’ (Dt 18:3).

{Jo‫‏‬

brother’

demonstrative

man

‎‫גת‬i'

Classifying

of yours’

is

my

‎})6‫ ח‬25:13(, ‫אָרוּר הָאִישׁ אַשָריאבל לָחֵם הַלוֹם‬,

as much

those is

They

the order 'T am the

‎‫ אֵשֶר תעטוּן‬‎AT‫ רב‬nT, il:5).

(1)

predicate

predicate.

(Ex 3:6), (cf. $115) ‎ֹ‫הא נְהַלָתו‬

right’

had

order ‫אי‬,

cate

is

21:22).

two

kg

‫הַיַשׁר בְעֶינַיו‬

‘He

follows,

when

do’

word

prepositional

or

‎‫עה‬

distinguished by the word order: Identifying clauses, in which both

to

580

not

shall

you

Nin,

men

16:19).

cate are definite, exhibit cate, e.g. ‎‫ אֲגִיה‬.‫ אֲלהֵי‬JJ,

579

object

considered

subject,

an

went,

be

it may

‎‫עלִית‬-‫הַמעָה אפַר‬

an inverted

6.q.

the

with

you

‘in that each

Non-Verbal

fall

DW

re-

ne

lengthy,

e.g.

§491)

subject+

+ verb

‎ּ‫ לְפִּיאָכְלוֹ לַקֲטר‬sx, as

(cf.

order

‫קיַן‬-‫ואל‬

had

he

cf.

:

clauses

The

which

to

bed

4:22};

‎ֹ‫וְאָלהמִנָחֲהו‬

when

(3)

exposure,

‘The

NY

{Jo

offering

his

1:5;

Gn

cf.

Jordan’

e.g.

and

Cain

in rhetorical

placed

this

contrast,

for

4:5);

(Gn

gard'

crossed

for

‘whereas

‎‫טעה‬,

576

Israel

are

frequently

omitted

when

they

are

clear

context:

- When

subject

of

an

infinitive,

e.g.

‎‫ אֲתֹ"הָעָרִים‬anna,

from

(Gn 19:29), Yh

‘when he overthrew the cities’ ‎‫אֶת"הַבָבֵר הַדֵּה‬, 'now as soon Kg 587

also

‎‫הַטּוֹבָה‬

to

8:6.

Note

Jo

especially,

{Ex

in an

795

object

of

a verb,

e.g.

"Make bricks"'

will

forgive

‎e'‫ י‬brought

‘she put them II

18:7,

Gn

when

common

the

(I Sm

a covenant’

20:16,

(na)

nag,

(37)

wb,

7:18),

ch

Ir

omitted,

is

a verb

of

object

(Is 3:7, 42:2),

‘cry out'

Nex,

{(7iF)

'make

15,

895

After

numerals

context,

are

certain

omitted,

‎‫{ אי‬IT Sm 8:13), 591

A verb

may

be

expressions,

e.g.

Di°

‎‫( טקל‬IT Sm

(II Rg ‘25: 1),

omitted

when

when

clear

18:12,

Ag

from

clear

fron

Nu

7:68),

(Ru 3:15,

the

the

17).

context,

e.g.

‎‫אָב יפר אֲתֵכֶם בַשׁוֹטִים וַאֲני פַעַקְרַגִּים‬, 'My father chantised

592 593

you with whips, but I will {IX Ch 10:11, 14; contrast

chastise you with scorpions' I Kg 12:11, 14); cf. Jo 24:

15.

the

This

- N7

}409(,

us

(cf.

or

100

upon

you’

laugh"'

(II

occur

Sm

with

particle

1¥

{cf.

(Ex

'Is Yahweh

17:7).

‎‫צְחקְת‬ (Gn

{§461).

negatives:

‫ בְקַרְתֲּנּ אָסהאֵיְן‬/‫ י‬S°N,

e.g.

- b‫א‬‎ (cf. $403), e.g. 1:13(, ‎‫וְאַל"תַָר עַלֵיכֶם‬ be

with

‎=.‫פ‬.

not?'

$398),

but you did 595

occurs

frequentiy

‎‫) אַיְן‬cf.

amongst 594

often

Onissions

-

Nu

of

‫לא פי‬

‫ואר‬, ‘He said,

18:15).

“Ko,

|

HJg JX, 'No, my daughters’ (Ru ‫על‬-‫אל‬, 'Let neither dew nor rain 1:21);

cf.

Is

62:6. 101

‫הַאֵלֶּה ג‬

the

‫גאנשִים‬, ‘Not

fine

Kg

when

apodosis

land’

{Dt

e.g. one

1:35);

‎‫א‬

‫ יראה‬‎‫א‬D

of

these

cf.

Gn

men 31:52,

the

of

conclusion

a conditional

of

a

statement,

sentence,

is

left

‎ּ‫אַין מְחֲנִי נָא תִסְפָּרָת‬-‫תַפַא חַעֵאתָם וְאָם‬-‫אָס‬, 'If their

your

5:20,

is well"'

13:22). 590

out

the

utterance,

'pay attention’ (Jb 4:20, Is 41:20), (7A) 7°90, ‘cast lots' (I Sm 14:42, Jb 6:27), ‎(‫ )בָר‬,°2 'respona' (Jb

. i.e.

II

Occasionally

{II

.

omitted,

1:11.

sin,

book’ Ch

e.g. (I

TY Sm

so)!

But

if

not,

32:32};

cf.

I Sm

‎‫טסץ‬

just

12:14,

blot Gn

50:

2:2. word

‎‫וַאמֶר‬, 12: 5),

(II Kg 4:23,

3:23).

(do

(Ex

a single

a witness"'

Brachylogy,

e.g.

.

‫גס‬t,‎

4:5,

Kg

.

context,

‫ויבא‬,

17:35,

ce," AN

19:13);

(I Sm

bed'

‎‫אָל"הָאדם‬

‎‫ אל הַמה‬CN

(Gn 2:19),

them to the man' in the

@.g.

see

Aposicopesis,

me

is sometimes

‫ אַת האֲרֶץ‬.

as

5:16).

- When

formula

such

indefinite

'as they say to us,

Jb

7:

Am

37:15,

Gn

cf.

32:7);

{Gn

you’

‘while

‘as he is

Da),

(Gn 24:30), ‫_אתה‬py‎ ah meet

coming

‫ְהִנַּה‬,

‎‫עמד‬

e.g.

a participle,

of

subject

‎‫ אֲעֲרִים לָנוּ עג‬o°)274,

589

(TI

The oath shall

he was standing’

588

this message’

596

20:12).

- When

1,

as he heard

‫ויהי‬

may

constitute

‘They ‎‫עֲלוֹם‬

26),

(Heb. ‫וַתאמָר‬,

‎‫לַעֲלֶל‬

an

elliptical

he)

said,

"He

‘she

said,

"All

‘To the pliunder!'

is

Selected Andersen, tateueh

—

Bibliography

F. I. The Hebrew Verblesa Clause [Journal of Biblioaal Literature,

Series, l4]. Nashville/New York, 1970. The Sentence in Biblical Hebrew [Janua Series practica, 231]. The Hague, 1974.

Brockelmann,

C.

Hebriische

Claassen,

W.

T.

'The

ournal

of

Northuest

Syntar.

in the FenMonograph

linguarum,

Neukirchen,

Declarative-Estimative Semtitio

Languages,

1956.

Hiph 2

il,'

(1972),

Davidson, A. B. Hebrew Syntaz. 3rd ed. Edinburgh, 1901. Donner, H. and RSlIlig, W., Xanaanatsche und aramaische Inschriften. 3 vols. Wiesbaden, 1962-4, Driver, G. R. ‘Gander in Hebrew Numerals,’ Journal of Jevtah Studies, 1 (1948), 90-104. Driver, S. R. A Treatise on the Use of the Tensea tn Bebreuw.

Goetze,

3rd

A,

ed.

‘The

guages,’

Oxford,

So-Called

Journal

of

the

1892.

Intensive Amerioan

of

the

Semitic

Oriental

(1942), 1-8. Gordis, R. 'The Asseverative Kaph in Ugaritic and rew,' Journal of the American Oriental Sovtety, (1943), 176-8.

Gordon,

C.

H.

Ugaritia

Textbook

[Analeota

Lan-

Sooiety,

62

Heb63

Orientalia,

38]. Rome 1965. Hillers, D. R. ‘'Delocutive Verbs in Biblical Hebrew,' Journal of Biblical Literature, 8B6 (1967), 320-4. Boftijzer, J. ‘Remarks concerning the Use of the Particle ‘zt in Classical Hebrew,’ Oudtestamentische Stu-

dian,

14.

Leyden,

1965.

Jodon, P. Grammaire de 1965. Pp. 289-536. Kautzsch, E. Gesenius’ 1898. Pp. 320-533.

Kustir,

P.

Aspekt

tationen,

9].

im

tiache Meek, T.

of

the

Hebreu

biblique. Grammar.

2nd

26th

ed.

ed.

[Theologische

Rome,

Oxford,

Diaser-

1972.

et al. Syntar and Meaning: Studies and Biblical Exegesis [Oudtestamen-

Studién, 18]. J. 'Again the

Journal

1-99.

Hebraiiachen

Basel,

Labuschagne, C. J. tn Hebrew Syntar

Pp.

L'hébreu

Leyden, 1973. Accusative of

American

Oriental

Time

Sootety,

in

Amos

61

1:1,"

(1941),

190-l. ‘The Co-ordinate Adverbial Clause in Hebrew,’ Amertean Journal of Semitic Languages, 47 (1930/1), 51-2. — ‘The Hebrew Accusative of Time and Place,’ Journal —

of

—

the

terly

103

Amerioan

‘Result

and

Review,

Oriental

Purpose

46

Society,

Clauses

(1955/6),

in

40-3.

60

(1940),

Hebrew,'

224-33.

Jewish

Quar-

—

'The Syntax of the Sentence in Hebrew,' Biblioal Ltterature, 64 (1945), 1-13.

Meyer,

R.

‘'Aspekt

und

Tempus

im

Journal

althebriischen

of

73 (1953), 95-8.

Rabin,

C.

N‫ר‬phn‎

ivr

pektlehre.

Uppsala,

satz,'

K.

Vetus

‘Zur

‫חביר‬n.‎

.

before Nouns in Ugaritic American Oriental Soatety,

Jerusalem,

1961.

Vortfolge

1967.

Testamentum,

3

im hebriischen (1953),

Speiser,

.

E. A.

‘Pitfalls

Verbal-

381-90.

of Polarity,’

{1938}, 187-202. Thomas, D. W, 'A Consideration

Expressing

the

Superlative

of

Some

in Hebrew,’

Language, Unusual

Vetus

14 Ways

Wernberg-Mgller, P. ‘Observations on the Hebrew ciple,' Zeitschrift fiir die altteetamentliohe sohaft, 71 (1959/60), 54-67. ‘"Pleonastic" Wav Semitia Studieg, 3

Wevers, nal

J.

of

W.

‘Semitic

Lingutstics,

in Ciassicel Hebrew,’ (1958), 321-6.

Bound

7

Structures,’

{1961},

9-14,

of

Heb-

PartiWissen-

Journal

Canadian

1:5

1:6 1:10 1:11 1:14

l:l6 1120

1:22 1:27 214

215 217 2:8 21:9

Testamen-

tum, 3 (1953), 209-24. Weingreen, J. ‘The Construct-Genitive Relation in rew Syntax,’ Vetus Testamentum, 4 (1954), 50-9.

~—

1:1

1:2 1:4

Scott, R. B. Y. 'Sacondary Meanings of ‎‫ר‬, After, Behind,' Journal of Theological Studiss, 50 (1949), 178-39

Nore:

of

Jour-

2115 2:l6 2117 2:18

2:19 2:23 3:1 1:3

34 31s 3:5 Jil 3:11 3:12 3:13

3:14 3:16 3:19

4:l 41:2

41:3 4d 4:5

417 4:8 4:9 4:10 4:13 4rlS 4:26 5:20 6:1 6:2 6:4

86:5

104

All

references

Genesis

Wav the

Rubinstein, A. 'A Finite Verb continued by an Infinitive Absolute in Biblical Hebrew,’ Vetus Testamentum, 2 (1952), 362-7. Rundgren, F. Das althebraisohe Verbum: Abrissa der AsSchlesinger,

of

Cited

Passages

Verbal-

system,’ Orientalistische Literaturseitung, 59 (1964), 117-26. Nétscher, F. ‘zum emphatischen Lamed,' Vetus Testamentum, 3 (1953), 372-80. Pope, M. H. '"“Pleonastic" and Hebrew,’ Journal of

Index

105

are

to

sections

only

Genesis

162, 47S, 439 72, 5 53,

475

273, 430, 575 273 273, 451 274 ‫פַבַכ‬, ‫פד‬ ‫ררג‬ 682 574 ,08

27$

,901 142 804 ,35 2 275 10s 110 170 194, 205, 396, 431, 575 192, 399 $88 87, 3 487 175, 461 205 109, 213, 440 378 574 i20, 423 573 32, lis, 573 56, 173, +44 72, 8 311, 5 345 70, 562, 573 324 381, 434 395, 5 106, 515 70, 3 163, 581 124

79 524 177 97 445 326 360 75, 391,

6:8 6:10

6:12f. 6:13

Genesis

490, 563 432, 573 68 444 343, 376, 533 486 68, 214 111, 298 168 57, 2 100 99 95 100 178, 349 250 326 206 206 92 395 431 248, 388, 559 245 326 320 ‫דד‬ 03 063 034 ,231 191 494 ,231 191 léo 309 238, 272 298 97 30, 218 323 579 175, 367, 521 58, 262, 505 572 562, 373 371

310, 573 360 574 463 274 114 16 506 573 29, 82

14:22

15:1 15:95 15:11

15:12 15:13 15:15

15:19 16:3 16:$5 16:11

16:12 17:5 17:10 17:15

164 360, 62 287 196, 540 252 42 ‫סל‬ 911 003

18:38

13:32

833

17:21 18:3 13:7 18:7f.

18:10 18:13

19:14 18:15 18:18 18:22 13:24

18:25 18:26

13:27

227

242 ,95 302 ,744 ,064 268 511, 178, ‎‫בפ‬ 262 583 ,262 ,893 ,971 073 ,563 652 ,044 83$ ,69

17:18

402

255 555 54d S15 588

813 495 5 774 3534 742

19:l 19:4

912 i167, 327,

313, 509

19:8 19:15

253,

560

262,

500

19:17

20:3

235 586 191 74 323 214,

291

20:4

379,

4935

20:5

579 193 172 527 300 39 59

19:29 19132

19:33 19:34

20:6 2919 20:10 20:17 21:5 21:8 21:14 21:16 21:32 21:23 21:30 22:6 2217 22:6

287 184, 272, 484, 72 522 85 277 373

204, 401 5B0

Genesis 22:12 22:13 22:14 22:16 2218 24:4 24:6

451 352

24;B

74,

492 363, 534 534 70, 79 461

24:12 24:13 24:19

76, 224

24.22 24:25 24,30 24:35 24:42

S00 330

24:51

24:54 24:56 24:58

24:65 2511

378,

496

56 495

26:28

335

26:33 2713 27:4 27:6

27110 27:15 27:21 27:29

27:33 27:34 27:36 27142 27:45 27146 28:5 28:9 28:15 28:16 28117 28:20 29:7 29:17

29:19 29127 30:8 30:16 30:31 30:34 30:38 31:8. 31:13

31:14 31:15 31:20

106

04

32:7 32;9

457,

32:23 32:27 32;29 32:31 34:7 34:12

4395

25:4 25:11 26:8 28:11 26424 26:27 26:29

331

479 565 328

86, 224 499

32:19

0

97 269

171,

32:10 32:12

938 37 622 ,261 811 475 ,155 %95 795 49 133 164

31:21 31:25 31:27 31:32 31:38 31,43 31152

34:13

541

581

34:21 34:30 35:5

36:7 36:10 37:2 37:11 37:15 37:16

329

497 218

‫לנודב‬

331, 391

332,

273,

3il

62173

175,

187,

S10, 573 522

5232

92:73 23:73 7:83

34

118 401, 083, 701, 813

,95

12:73 22:73

42:03

‫הפפ‬ 305 8 574

5:93 6193 7:83 9:93 01:93

02:93 32:93

805

315 92 292

3:04

5:04 41:04 61:04 1:14 8:14 91:14 72:14 23:14 53:14 83:14

7534 865

721

515

491 3653

713 93 533

04:14

47

532 ,064

,04

845

37

354

28

23D 206,

2931, 489

280

418,

34:14 6414 94114 61:24 81:24 53:24 82:34 53:34 73124 3:34

Exodus

GeneBis

Genesis

$314 4337 43:10

03 ,085

49 655 744 992 271 652 954 975 84 18 ,67 813 ,411 265 275 375 ,761 785 312 853 75 ,763 025 421 704 445 365 613 822 64 992

,742 435 ,51 ,852 235 934 ,742 ,704 435 384 131 743 483 86 32 372 432 982 053 652 ,75 093 012 405 113 344 031 3 811 9 071 ,224 755

43:16 43:17 41:25 43:27 43:32 44:3f. 44:4 44:7 44:15 44116 44:20 44:22 44128 45:d 45:28 d6:d

43:5 47:18 48:7 49:19 45:7 49:25 50:15 50:19

479 167 llé, 449, 62 62 1¢7 67

13:7

164, 516

168

235 55 255 256, 972 126, 378 478 512 205, 389 463 309 379 115 $6, 98 288 553 180 283, 343 597 541

Exodus

1:12 2:6 2:14 2:23 3:1

3:5 316

3:7 3:12 3:13 4:1 4:9 4:10

513 34310

S116 5:19 6:1 613 7:15 7:19. 7120

91s

9:18 9:25 9:27 10:9 10:17 12:3

12:8

12:11 13:16 12:19 12:37 12:48

12:51 13:2

264 71 226 74, 319 3539 467, 530 578 326 452 513, 581 167 379 399 243 407 97 195 167 2439 278 42 244 522, 553 82 313, 327 33 248 390 131 293 494 280 250 257 209 299 259

13:10 140.8 14:11 14:15 14rl9 14:28 15:1 15:12 15:13 15:14f, 15:16 1613

lé:18

16:27 17:7 1814 18:17 18:20 18:22 19:11 1918 19:19 20:4 2010 20:12 20:13-17 20:20 20:28

21:2 21:4 21:12 21:16 21:23 21:29 21:31 21:32 22:39 22:9

22:13 21:36 34:4 263 29:37 29:38 30:7 31:4 31:16 32:1 32:5 321% 32:12 32113 32:36 2:30 32:32 33:5 33:16 34:2 34:6 34:10 35:22 37110 39117 40137

197

Leviticus

56, 475 63 75 394 126 375 314 177 177 123

227,

4:26 B17

7:35 9:6 11:23 11:32 11:42 13:46 16:22

177

12 243, 491, 324 291, 593 249, 399, 540 338 268 376, 221 348 433 286 173 175, 522, 287, 278 232 173, 433 352 232 44ָ‫ב‬ 344 %82 494 224 81 943 0932 74 684 001 401 591 191 155 54

252 032 121 653 79$ 801 535 862 52 392 34 315

412 4:13

547 576 409, 564 563

17:10 17:14 18:4

19:15 19136 20:3 21:7 21:39

22:€ 26:13

26:35 27123

334

Humbera

523 271 372 212 984 815 623 313 984 352 51 401 371 232 14 ,891 023

625

56

655 ,06 2934 28

123

Runbears 3:9

424, 324 466

3:46 5:10 5:19

5:20 7:10 7:68

5

8:4 9:l8 9:20 9:21 10:29 llsl

11:5 ll:6 11:10 11:11 1i:13

11:14 11:15 ‫ן‬L‫ננ‬7‎ 11:20 11:22 11129 11:32 12:1f. 1212

13:17 13:18 13:28 1412 14:11 14:24 14:34 15135 16:11 lé:id 1712f. 17:5 ‎1‫ל‬:7 2102

534 ‎‫ללג‬ ,172 622 9345 973

21:17 6122 81:22 92:22 33:22

l& 37 53 350 515, 597 59 590 313 4399 69, 477 ‎‫דרג‬ 364 162 361 755 75 891 382 813 372 152 363 35 745 602 032 093 811 445 855 ,661 ,064 845 242 435 51 902 725 483 95 ,763 425 561 ,363 ,984

43:22

272

53:22 1:32 23:3 33:8 23:19 23:23 2415

724 271i 125 126 399 56s 127

24:9

580

25113 27:14 29:10 28:31

353, 260, 292 42

30:3

209

31:8 32:5 32114 33:17 32:19 32:22 3412 34:6 33:23 35124 3:2

95, 159 303 457 323 323 70 44: 400 290 245

364

534 534

292

Deuteronomy 1:3 1:9 1:12 1:16 1130 1:35 1:44 2:23 3:26 4:21

99 169 169 132 341 596 leg 310 366 109

4:24

215

4:25 4:32 4:17 4:40

198 256 353 175,

466,

33 4:4

177

4:42

420

5:1

300

5:3

107

5:8 5:9 Sild 5:23

273, 270 99 494

5129

74,

5:30 5:31

272 1096

6:3 7:5

38 555

7:6 ‎‫לול‬

4931 ,3$ 535

31s,

7:9

72,

266

‫ול‬l2‎

72,

489

3

547

Deuteronomy

Deuteronosy

7174 7126 B:l

491 298 108

33:11

8110

162

8:11 8:16 8:19 917 9:8

195 82 73, 164 196, 464 75

9:11

484

9:16 9:18 Y:20 3:21 9:24 9:23 9:27 9:38

491 291 199, 274 316 56 273 420

19:1

40

10:6 10:17 10:18 10:19

193 47 29 33

10:21

341

11:10

35,

11:27

469,

11:28 11:30 12:7 12:11

339, 469 34, 359 492 35

12:15

560

12:20

184

12:22

59,

12:23 13:4 13:7 13:12

338 479, 185 180

13:15

204, 318

13:2. 1s:S 16:12

209 393 4396

16:20

16

17:4 1718 17:14 17115 18:2 2011

48s 273 134, 562 578 92

20:10

288

22:8

222,

23115

358

26:5 2716 28:23 29155 28:56 28161 28:62 28:67 29:17 30:3 3016 32:7 01:23 71:23

249 53 286 418 203 399 24%, $47 461 315 365 101, ‫לוג‬ 045

301

321

Joshua

375

463 515

491

543 485,

582 14:24

I

l.7 1:15 215 2:14 2:15 21127 02:2 7:3 41:3 4:4 6:4 8:4 02:4 13:4 4:22 4:23 5:2 5:13 ‫לול‬ 117 52:7 2:8 3:8 6:9 01:8 31:8 41:8 22:8 93:8 33:9 61:9 4219 7:91 9501 21:01

42:91

546

315

352

442

33:81 12:11 11:41 01:81 31:51 8:22 71122 23:l 24:15

491 263 136, 204 12 84, 355 33,74, $79 4, ‫לג‬ ,654 325 32 69 364 639 69 ,964 Sls 575 468 572 202, 4355 348 28 35 953 6$ 785 422 323 422 &11 771 24 ,063 10$ 35 513 194 ‫לדג‬

19

‫ג‬77 333 652 46 703 533 35 439 192,

714

113

715

7:11 7:12 7:14 7119 Bib 8:7 B:lL 8:19 9:17 94g 9:51 11:27 11:40 12:5 12:6 12:8 12:14 13:9 13:71

13:23 14:6 14:9 14:16 14:18 15:2 15113 15:14 16:15

3:5f,. 316 3:8

218

92 231 129, 471, 537 422 210 220, 450 345 29, 02 166, 916 295 125, 490 355 342 63 271, 398, 445 308 322 96 459, 391, 317, 235,

516 439 43 573

16:21

89:19 ‫פ‬:‫ב‬ 9d‫‏‬

9:5 9:7

9:9 9:l1l 9:12 91:14 9:15 9:16 9:20 9:21 9122 9:27 10:1 19:3

10:11 10:12 10:24 10:25 11:7 11:13 Il:15 12:2 12:3 12:5 ‎‫ן‬2‫ו‬7

204 207 306 313,

327,

360,

501

436 206 356 356 52 262 574 555 4L 76 30 4035 179, 35 349 B84, 92, 309 57, 37 266, 491 236 162 262 271, 73 33 257 237 451 95 118 49 184 84 81

542

14:44 14:45 15:1 15:2 15:12 15:15 15:20 15:22 15:23 15126 15:29 15:35 16:4 16:6

16:18 16:23 17:16 17:26 1728 17:34 17:35 17:40 17:41 17:46

175 18:4 18:9 1819 18:10 18:18 18:17 18:23

19:3 19:10 19:13 19:18 20:1 20:3 20:6

20:13 20:16

20:32 21:21 21:25

13:5

I Samuel

13:14

259

13:15

73 69 94 351 358 81

231l 23:3 23:10 23:13 23:15 23:18f. 23:20 23:3 24:11 24:12 24:14

279

24:19

19:3

18:12 18:19

19,22. 20:20

92, 573 463 397 415 285 491 439, 534 339 311 171 427, 55h 310 114 473

6:11 6:12

225 226 226

Samuel}

11:21 l2r14 12:7 12:19 12:33

17:6

59L

3:12 3:21 4:19 51%

I

312 16i $74 598 137, 341l, 344 60 597 195, 563 292 73, 7 33S

17:2

Judges 1:1 1112 1:19 1124 1:28 2111f, 3:12 3:19 3126 4:8 4:9 4:11 4114 517

7:3

30 355 4 472 260 38, 311 1234

5:10 5:28 6:14 6117 8:27 6:26 6:31

Samuel

1:7

1:8

1:9 1:16 1:22 1:23 128 23:2 213 217 2:11

2138

102, 17 207 373 373 184, 381 422 225 384 213 310

254

346

13:17 13:17f, 14: l4ri3 14:15 14:16 14:19 14:28 14:30

205, $860

‫דפ‬

14:33

591

14:34 14:40 14:42

403 2762

109

98$

3ilL

20:26

20:27 21:7

21:9 21:10 21:16 2217

25:15 25:19 25:20 25:22 25:42 27:4 28:7

I Samuel 449 323, 278 492 226 468, 178, 238 321, 321 579 306 542 389 270 B& 204 9 118 92 599 434 321, 229, 456 313 368 316 354 464, 73, 298, 117, 125, 74 588 230 372 261 136, 59 $89 421 378 567 569 171 288 12 213 387 273 484 64 64 284 307 499 379 322 £7, 30, 70 220, 311 95, 484 42

28:18

36

29:2 31:13 II

533 467 460

1:4 1:9 1:71

467 30 30, 595

2135

$33

21:6 2:10

3:25 3:30

72 56 351, 319, 565 5B 273,

3:34

256,

3:35

507 234 95, 98 387, 475

4:1 4:2

490 242, 559 2 512

566

4:ll 6122 719-13 7:29 B‫ו‬2‎ B:5 8:13 9:1

9:3 9:8 9:10 10:3

io:ld 11:11 11:25 12:10 12113 12:14 12:30 13:2

13:9 13:12 13:18 13:20 13:28 14:4

14:11 14:14 14:20

15:1 15:4 15:20 15:30 15:32 15:34 17:5 17:9

475 #89

5334 281

Samuel

2:23 3:11 3:17

494 478

260, 103, 64

17:16 17:22 18:11

6

18:12

436

i8:24 19:25 1911

419,

7 535

534

399

337 182 113 23 23 590 181, 451, 426, 261 96 322 23 456, 59,

426, 487 569

542 156

534 381 558 436 193,

275

367 172 182 435 #451 34 325 424, 524 522 36 ,122 547 ‫בל‬ 122 75 ,323 54 701 222 372 ,113 413 ,492 934 ,954 5l6, 590 85 206 107, 547

11 Samuel

I Kings

19:7 19:8 03:91

511, 516 446, 515 461

1:02 20:15

821 64

63:91

21:3

10129 1i:l 2:11

372

3:11

9:11

~~ 391

13:20

308

2311 23:15

295 547

13:22 13:23

455 306

23:17 23119

24:13 24116

2:33

2115

71:2 81:2 12:2

2:9

11:3 11:14 2:31

67

186 360

3:16

516 16

14:28 15:13 18:20 15:23 16:10

310 574 13, 3 57, 45 99

3121 3:22 3:23 3:25 4:1

327 92, 495 538 220 394

55

17:12]

388,

412

478

362

17:24

118

4:8

84

12:16 12:31

583

246 312

14:10 14:24

322

‎‫בוטג‬

07 992 95

144 642

361 29

559

494

3:18 3:20

31:4

456, 459, 25, 228 473

,15

5:81 7:81 31:81

423 811 ,574 394

611$ 32:4

62:4

893

81:81

,742

92:4

,644

71:1

432

3:14

10:22

811

279

535

1:43

82 ‎‫לג‬7 755

16:19 81:71 8:02

388 481 ,27 01

Sl

10:15

256, 400

22:5

164

207 177 426, 569 82 98 68 102 42, 98

14:6 14:22 14:23 14:31 19:4 19:8 22:24 24:5

218, 421 72 207 211 8 30 30 350

25:26 27:16 33:26 37:7 37:10 20:7 42:6 44:23

17:26 18:4 18:10

260, 534 182 98

28:4 28:16 28:21

30 30 263

49:16 51:5 51133

18:22 19:30

446 59

32:10 34:12

19:3

498,

17:19 17:25

392 213, 251

4.91

084 862 ,265 895

12:91 72:91 82:91

73:91

Sil

20:1

126, 203

294

8

¢5

199,

46:19

82

53:4

45

53:5

44

524

23:17

29,

294

19:5

118

5127

92,

5:25

168

5:17

6:5

7112 7114

38

19:12

19:15

286

19:19

20:12 20:13

73 55

399

51:25

62

6:33

99,

177 92 337

20:29 20:21 20:30

229 182 102

3125 8:37

393 387

31:5 2li6

219 246,

.92:8 13:8

36:8

46:8 9:16 62:9 2:01 6:01 7:01 9:01 22:01 10125 110

72

2112

992 364 275

,67 39. 933 ,842 ,76 ,303 73 182 40

813

733 265 113

31:12 51:12 91:12 02112 21:21 4:22 31122 41:22 II

1:2

187, 2 432

,17 525 744 701 ,363 535 361 652 ,82 02 075-.

Kings

543

7:1

7:2 713

586 214

Bil 8:9 8117

2:23

248

24:20 25:1 28114

25:19

1326

68

8:5

236, 490

539

182 82

74

312 £90 16 29,

95

3:4

7:1 1:15 1:17

439

3:7

475,

984 494 281 490. 452 1 654 ,543 1334 ,961 54 93, 285 184 367

3116 5:2

-

8.5 Sill 21:5 5:13 5:14 92:8 216 3:6 1:7 ‎‫ר‬:2

a:8 9:11 111

40:24

52:6

53:9 3:12 29:12 52:6

65:2

Isaiah

813 128

203 .3 162

618 7:8 01:8 B:12 8:13 22:9 62:9 21:9 7119 la:3 51:01 10:19

23:19

899

‎‫לול‬ 7:9 7117

7:19

266

29 301 13¢ 73

519

231:4F,

58 129, 300, 301, 537

33

319, 534

23:10

6:5. 6111

26:2

45:22

68

224 58 399, 565

405

43:4

449.

19:6 19:10 19:11

954

0:23

1

5:17

84 274 37

263 331 425

23:9

5 :20

4112 515 3:10

81:41

17

359

58

:7

043

3:31 3:41 11:41

75

19:4

302

02:04

391 835 04

287

42:13

205

19:3

82:73 92:73 71:0

3:01

41:15

397

83.

3:2

164

13

205

3:24

92, 190

81:63

386

5:13

3:26

36:16

42:22

5:11

$8, ils

Ezekiel

42:13

520

19:39

.

418 425

8

18:42

5

A468

205

930,

Srl

91:3

30:19

448 323 530

22120

5:9

52

3:12.

326 321

22:18

311

18432

2311

44:28 48:45

29 88 303 110 453 326 175, 521 534

31:16 3619 39:13 40:28

21:6 22:8 22:17

270

+00

425 59 589 274

18:29

189,

22:13

41:12 41:20 42:2 42:3

3552

54,

105 16

303

182 874 198, 353, 368, 534

527

72 548 271 77

24,10 26:3

380

‎1:12ִּ‫נ‬

235

3:12

Sil 5:3 517 518

572

13:3

485

20:4

3:7

3:11

160, 185 229 2 172, 180

569

,24 163 391 835

198 213, 390, 369 193

38:23 18:24 18:35 18:27

01:01

207

10:14

,%31

194

13:17

13:19 14:8 14:26 19:16 15:32 16:17 17:4 17:6

236

Jereniah

9:12 9:17 4:01

41:31

181, 183

Isaiah

578 239 953

11:31

493

591 128 14, 5

32:2

2:27 3:3

61:1

339¢ 5 93 226 220, 88 230 403

22:2

2:28

352

3111

1] Kings

2:10 4 34 3:9 3:13

I Kings l:i2

432

12:11 12:4

21:20 21:22

1:3 114 6:1

,19 95

366

11:43

22:34

246 428 352

11,39

189, 19 410 493 101 58

21:4 21:11

IZ Rings

386, 413

115

289, 531 344 347 595

362

54 382, 203

0

383

534 146

624 30 771 165 420 081 4 ,611 231 494 9

274, 39 242

45:8 47:4

12 1:6

2121

6:2 14:3

211 2:2 215

73 406 450

Joel

5:9 617

256 ‎‫ד‬2

Amos

2:35

51:6 6:20 4:7 7:9 ‎‫גד‬4 3:8 3219 02:01 3:21 01:31

13:20 15:1

291

083 ‎‫בֵל‬ 93 139 762 ,47 2 222 55 ,44 972 47

540 30i, 454

317

‎‫גר‬

48,

69

Hosea

13:13

Jeremiah 1$2

28:3

2:22

1:1 9:1 6:2 2:7 8:2 3:3 4:3 7:3 01:3 1:4

412 4:3

489 228

238 316

400

30

234

173 535 535 198 994 224 ,224 75 655 ,27 86 432

9 88

4:4 417

4:10 5119 5:21 6:8

6110 7:1 7:2 715 7:12 7:14 7115 8:9 9:1 $:2-4 9r8

103 241, 435 163 130 196, 587 123 133 431 55s, 338 273 222 454, 205,

594

793

265

92 855

38

Jonah

3:3 3:5

82 ‫ל‬9‫פ‬

nicah 3:1 4:14

7:4

482 342 97

Hahum

1:5f. 3:6

913 1632

3:7

44:23 4617 49:8 50:12 3l:3 51:9 60:5 65:4 80:11 39:19 90:6 92:11 94:16 95:9 95:12 193:5 104:26 16:13 109:10 119:5 119:136 119,137 120;:3 123:4 126:2f. 1292 132:12 39:17 13919 141:4 14214 143:6 147120

449 448 44 244 295 453,

239 146 66 396 316 81

11, 68 583 332 382 4 233 129

57

lois

10:11

14:5

16:6 17:5 18:22 18:33 18:34 18:44

194

2218 23:4 28:t 29:4 31:24 32:9 36:5 36:7

112

lesz

386 210 3z‫נ‬‎ 82 583 540 419 244 174 334 564 299 416 400 81

589

14:3

38s 449

244

16:17 164121 18:19 19:19 21:3 21:7 22:3 23:3 24125 25:5 26:4 27:3 28:6 28:14 29:33 31:1

489, 437

34:17

5383

16:4

244

1616

128

353,

38:20 40:8 40:10

1:14 31:5

229

42111

31:3

540

Proverby

3:lL 3:4

1:29

4:4

4:6

43%

4:l6

323

4:17 4119

4:20 512 57

6:3

6:8. 6:22 6:25

6:27 7:6 Trl4

4217

437 1H, 348 547 451 2092 589 426 320

449 205

2:5

3:18 5;23

6:13 7:14 4:21 8:25 B:26 10:10 11:31 14:28 15:20 1616

17112 19:1 21:16

531

071

22121 2317

66 414

23:28

3B&

24:11 24:23 25:25 30:10 31:4

458 202, 437 151 404

9:12

262,

10:3

472

I Chronicles 472

Lanontations 414 1:8

si

2:17

492 11

635

033

445

745 504

413 543 03 9 993 442

824 054

593 27 053 131

435 115 401 114 442 492 674 113 ,9 113 442 ,783 45 624 881

Chronicles

Esther

Ruth

1419 3:13 3:14 412 7:4 9:1

296 210 196 196, 5lé 210

1:4

257

1:8

234

l:l2 1:13 2110 2:21 3: 3:12

446, 403, 198 379, 135 568

3:13 3:15

5$ 590

1:4 9:26

25 97

3:17 4:7

$99 195

11:39

336

517 595

457

1:4 1:10

554 Kh 597 276 362 %5 469 589 591 391 268 284 410 78 4 «80 268 167 254

2:2 2:13

410

2:16 3:11

6:22 ‫ר‬1i8‎

10:11 10:14

baniel

11:17

13:5 20:8 21:17

25:5

Canticlies S3L

411 99 442 91 254 41

22:4 25:19 26:13 26:23 27:1 2912

Ezra

‫ד‬2

,921

Ecclwsinstes

.

283

13:22

16110

55

529

72 584 347 437

66

82 226 330 129 $639 459, 415 289 162 413

420

261 337

335 387

1:8 1:11

433

288,

18:4 15116

1:5

555 14 4085 ,921 921 314

10:13 10:21 11:17 12:3 12:11 13:12

334 399 337

143 549 534 75

1:4 112 2:6 43 9116 10:2

9:18 9120 9:26 9:32 9:35

156, 203 144

547

112 1:3

Psalms

281 400, 387

14:7 14:13

225

lsl

4933 522

7:l1a

10:7 10:9

283

Proverbs

Bill 9:14 9:15

Job

Zephaniah 2:2

37:20 37124

73:20

Obadiah 10

ob

Psalms

Amos

25:9 314

254

7:28 8:25

296 91

29:17 29:34 30:21

l:l

47

2:7

128,

4:1 4:3 $:2 5:9

354 354 474 473

9:15

410

10:14

9l,

442

10:17

91,

539

6:7

354

Hshgniah

6:4

128,

423

i:2 1:9 1:13 1:14 2:12f. 2:13 2:14 2116

80 471, 182 129 182 472 472 472

2:1B

474

2:19 3117 4:2 35:4

3:18 10:7 25:21 42:3

423

Ecclesiastes

537

3:16-31 5:15 $:18

358 96 332

712

261

8:18 9:32

254 59,

Sirach

333 323 476 476

KAI 4:l 72

10:2 10:4

I Chronicles

26A

4:5

95

4:27 3:l

312 397

26A lib 26A 1:ll 18114-6

544 92 210 488

5:18

326

7:2

12

7:5

13

51.1.39

12123

102

51.iv.34

6:6

516

7:10

473

7118

488

15:2 15:19 21:13

397 68 75

121,111.10 ‘nt II,iii., 17-19

2

212 252 7032

113

l:l

129 210 68 29 210 210 176

urn

81 205 205 176

Subjects

of

Index

aspect 161-182 - consecution 178-192 -

imperfect

perfect Douglas Nawthorne,

Compiled hy Fred Guttman, Ail

references

are

to sections,

a fortiori, with adverb ability, see potantial absolute

comparative

594

9g 387

ielative),

tive

ideas

7,

19,

441 advantage,

24

accompaniment

- with conjunction | 436

295,

- with prepositions‫ § ‏‬,248 ‫ אָל‬403, ‫ עֶס‬823, ‫ את‬8

y‫ ‏ל‬,233

(manner}

-

cognate

-

determinative

60,

204,

491

5l 59,

475,

493

- directive

(terminative)

-

of

emphatic,

specification

with

prepositions

203,

‫צם‬

,133 RK

‎‫ גְצָד‬653,.‫לְמַעַן‬

-

of

material

-

of

product

53,

-

52

- with

particle

= aeparative 55

- with

prepositions‫‏‬

~

temporal

=

with

independent

56,

241,

noun

107

‫ אֶל‬303, 163

475 psrsonsl

pro-

accusative

case

50-60

sccuaative

noun

claugeé,

Bee

noun

ciausea voice

475

433,

addition

qm 784

- with prepositions by 292, bw 305 adjectival participle 215 adjectival demonstrative pronoun 17 adjective attributive

73,

=~ demonstrative

~ daterminated - predicative

94,

98,

117,

74

time

215,

488,

563,

245,

280;

382

489,

‫ אַל‬,301

491

adjectives,

see

conjunction prepositions‫‏‬

apposition genitive,

with

action

‎‫אַם‬

162,

cardinal

- with

conjunctions

-

preposition

with

apodosis Bll - omiasion of, see spoeiopesig 597

nna

28-30,

ecsusal

107,

79

583%

numerals

94-97

preposition

‎‫י‬9 444

conjunction

WN 468,

29 ‎‫ב‬

448, ,852

454

235

528-512

concord

subject

and

verb

227-

°9

446,

OM

of

234

‎‫לג‬

conjunctions

435, cinusen,

453,

94

- with

relative

particle

- with

verb:

perfect

in 174,

-

real

~

unreal

in

‎‫ ר‬964 166,

in

imperative

clauses

190

5311-517

512-515 516-517 429-461

of,

see

asyndetic

con-

construct

‎.‫פ‬/.‫ש‬

742, 353,

‫ כ‬062, ‫יָען‬

6

clauses

142, 165

513, see

200,

see

infinitive, action 106,

573,

with

preposition

- with

xX

577,

with

221

575

NAAN 350

ico-ordinative)

prepositions

correlative,

528

infini=

213,

control,

- with conjunction 430 €4346-

206,

contrast

147 219,

see

tive

co-ordination

clauses

prepositions

result

573-535

clauses

p.

construct continuous

infinitive

with

‎‫ עֶם‬733, ‫ אה‬7 consecutlon, see aspect consegusnce,

‫ למעָן‬653, ‫תִפַּנַי‬

classifying

115

Ns

392

struction

circumstantial 3

Bg

consciousress,

causative certitude

408

713,

clauses

- omission

535

aposiopesis

55-71, with

- with 116

‫חֶן‬

concessive

geni-

31-60

363, 71

652,

12-14

edverb

conjuncticns

57]

734 ‫כ‬

162

- vith

imperfect

474 ~ with prepositions‫ ‏‬3 ‫ על‬192, ‫ מֶן‬913, ‫הַחַה‬

54

92

¥

plurals

- with

66 see

preposition

structure

~ with 1

‎‫ו‬

76,

‫ לְפְנֵי‬373

433,

compound

adjec-

causal

ses

229

concesaive

282,

y‫ ‏ל‬.288

conjunctions

demonstrative

82-93

}

attributive

bound

552-555

antithetical

257 article

3 447

‫ אַה‬243, ‫אַהֲרַי שֲׁהַר‬

apposition

42,

7

73,

conditional

brachylogy

3 ,242

anticipative

apposition

,162

26,

- with

composition

05-237

- with particles with

approximation,

77 75,

215

clauses

AcCCusa-

icomparative)

completed

partisanship

225,

Bee

199

- with

‫ם‏‬y‫צ‬

‫ את‬5

verba

2,

391

construction

authority, 350

115

anterior

- with adverbs bg 378,

45,

l‫א‬‎ 443,

anaphoric

157

‎ְּ‫ב‬

attributive

cass

alternative,

aceuaative particle ny 193,

with

coilectives comparison

tive

3 414

bJN 554

clauses

agent (means) means

237

tive

566

} 432,

‫ עֶס‬233,

adversative

ses

195

conditional

conjunctions

.

215,

176-178

attributive

adverbs 77-393 advarsativa

475

{result}

- with

114

SCCURS-

7 399,

514

cohortative cotmaand

prepositions‫‏‬

‫ עֶם‬633,

clauséa 491, 576 interrogatives 123, 126 predicate, ser nominal

- of specification (predicativg) 57, 468, 474, 475, 492

-

- with

asyndsetic

clause

1892,

314

9l

prepositions

- with

adverbial adverbial adverbial

- with negatives

475

active

bY

341,

308

179,

180,

adverbs nN 389, pj conjunction 3 449 particie ‎‫ אל‬455

with

5

accusative,

- in equationali

59,

synchronism

- with with with

predicate

54

with

179,

asseverative

tive

~- adverbial

article

assistance,

‎‫על‬

adverbial

accusative

161-166,

with

accusative,

tive

167-175,

proterite

- with abwolute infinitive 206 - with bound form 30 - vith genitive 42, 46 adjectives 73-81 adjunctive, with conjunction |

with preposition |p 318 absolute infinitive, see infini~astract

Bruce Naidoff and Moel

Xnight,

+

Osborn.

Douglas

cognate

Dy

333,

adverb

0a

ng 38l

579 dsfinits

article

83;

see

article

343

distributive

degres - with

construct

-~ with

prepositions‫‏‬

572,

infinitive ‫פ‬

199,

462,

divine

275

double

‫ ל‬,199

‫ עד‬2

daictic,

nee

delocutive

demonstrative

145,

demonstrative

adjectives,

38

ad-

articia

ges

ar-

ticls

.

demonstrative pronouns 113-118 denominative verb 144, dependent

genitive

dssiderative

151

- with

verb

desiderative

imperfect (optative)

171 clauses

datserminated

adjective,

Jective determinativg

see

accusative;

Bee

ac-

questions

direct

spesch,

with

541 see

recitative

prepoeitidn

‎‫חר‬

ellipsis

593-599;

eonjunction

134 disjunctive queationa 544 distinctive article BB: uae ticle distributive

absolute

comparative

see

ailiptic

conjunction

conjunction

‎‫ו‬

with prepositions ,301 182

,701

existential

= 102,

254,

with substantive

15,

120-102

YD 105

feminine

20-27

fientive

i134,

particle

B® 48l

verb

hig'TL7hop'al

70 genitive

gender

17-27

‎‫פָן‬

164

see

generic

224-22€

167,

identity

168,

515

- with

adverbs

infinitive

oa 379,

923;

see

article

PI

conjunction

ָ| 8

- with

independent

personal

pro-

106

prepositions repetition

tion,

TY 314,

se8

encliitiec

1p 325

16

accusative

of

npecifica-

accusative

- attributive ~- dependant

see

eguational

clausss

asssntiase,

Ree

pi 392;

561-566

identity with

ad-

swe limitative ciausas

555-557 exchange, with prepositions 3 246, ‎‫ תַחת‬2 excliamatory, with interrogative ng

127

existential

clauses

existential

particle

experiance

163

of

agent

imeans)

result

-

apecification

45

(number)

$67-569

V? 478-44l

prepo-

absolute

infini-

1BB-191,

imperfect

aspect,

see

aspect

inanimate

objects

18,

21,

205,

225,

possansive

39

sub3sctive

37

‎‫ל‬

[epexegetical)

- superlative

47,

genitive

case

36-49

genitive

function

relationship

bound

ses

noun

28-29;

nee

species

with

65

construct

and preposition

7 195,

peraonali

125

pronouns

‫עַל‬

infinitive

274

652,

- with construct infinitive preposition 196, 273

and

‫אֵל‬

166~

003

construct

clauses,

and

prepositions

$431

infinitive,

201-212

see

192-200

cauaal,

desiderative,

telic

result

verb

226

- with negatives xt 397, ‎‫ בָל‬614, ‫ פֲּלְתָּי‬,324 3 -

with

prepositions‫‏‬

,258 025,

135, ‫ עד‬113,

injunctive

con-

clauses

finite

‫אחר‬/‫אחרי‬ 705, ‫יַעַן‬

gerundive

with

questions

,504 )3 ,256 ‫ ל‬972-472,

structure nnd

167

121,

absolute

- with

clauses genitive

action

pronoun

cessive,

ciauses,

7

infinitive,

infinitive

207 noun

,313

object,

962,

- with

BO of

228

prepositions

106

indirect

genitive

with

independent indirect

-

117

with

mood

48

44

-

gerund,

like-

214

with

indefinite

- of

qenus

see

211

incomplatec

measure

13%,

preno-

351

‎‫ (ו)צַד‬. . .

30

~ of of

3 261;

action

imperative

43

40

- objective -

with

situation,

Ann

inclusive,

46

genitive

(limitative)

41 49

- material

113

epexegsticali,

42

- explicative

- with

578

319

- appositional

205

gg 385,

of

imminent

genitive

abaciute

3 249,

aition

515

tive

article

159

ness

ciauses

(habitual)

577,

tessantiae],

sitions

telic

208,

clauses

imperative,

anphatic

157,

30

identifying

167

162,

147-151,

higp3‘«l 152-155 hop'al, see hip‘il/hop'al

identity

206,

403-404, ‎595,‫ אַיןי‬,904 3 erphasis, hy word ordar 573-5731

- with

72

154

142,

fregqusntative

‎‫ אי‬0]14

216

114

11

149,

clausas,

time

pronoun

Wry 13L

repetition

‎‫ל‬

af

K7 397,

participle

hendiadys

see

conjunction

future

exceptive

244

with

finite

js 461

L41,

- with negatives x7 398, 594, by

verb ar-

plural

factitive

‎‫ ל‬862

sstinsetive 155 exceptive (limirative},

‎‫ו‬

apposition genitive,

final

emphatic

with

pronoun

lg 326

axpiicative

negatives

~ with

hypallage

5é

eee

- with

434

explicativa

extension,

time

elative,

- with

tive

with noun

23

preposition

- with

‎‫ו‬

deanonstrative

fear,

noun

- with anding nz 62 - vith prepositions 9 267, ‎‫ אֵל‬392 directive m= 30, 61-64 directive accusative, 388 accusadisjunctive,

action

393

50

direct

Re a directive

73

emphatic

Ad-

cusntive

direct object

direction,

of

- with

explicative - with conjunction

~ with preposition

contintous

aceuaative

see

546-551

116

see

3,

participle

- with

(optative)

in

3-5

elliptic

49

construct infinitive 547 interrogativa pronoun °B 122

with

aubstantives

- with

negatives

(deictic)

= with - with

with

dual

-

a1

~ with

number

duration 07;

100-195

superlative

see

dual

- with

jectives demnnsatrative

for

nagatives,

duration,

148

sxpressicns

epithet

‫ג‬

142,

742,

,262 ,505 ,532 625, ‫ צר‬,21

805, ‫ מז‬913,

063, 363,

605, ‫לְהַעַן‬

‫לְפגָי‬ 763

173

instantaneous

‎‫ אי‬,014

action

164

123, 173,

instrument,

interest,

see

- with

means

with

preposition

interjectional

imperative

interxogative

clauses

interrogative

pronouns

345,

821 - with

7 271 19lL

negatives

119-128,

vord

order

573-574,

581

iterative

394

purpose

524

neuter

25

nip‘al

135-139,

‎‫ ל‬991,

150

- with

185

Juxtaposition

496,

512,

with

preposition

3 255-

256; sec identity lLimitative - with adverh PY 392; see exceptive - with negative a7 422 locative, with prapositions 3 240,‫‏‬

obisctive

with

216 negatives

‫ גל‬914;

00 ‫ה‬4-

predicate

conjunction

particles

‫ עד‬682,

‫ אֶל‬803,

‫ את‬933,

‫‏‬nַ‫אֲח‬

‫ ארי‬853,

‫ צַד‬619,

943,

‫לִתְנָי‬

‫גְעָד‬ 07,

32-35

nominative

noun

clauses,

‎‫ אֲשר‬,464

nominative,

predicative

nominative,

vocative

553, ‫מִפָּנָי‬

‫עתַר‬ 3

noun -

clauses

accusative

- genitive

manner

60,

274:

sen

accusative,

masculine

17-19

material -

-

accusative

of

33

- apposition

of

68

-

genitive

of

40

- with née

of

45

- with

prepositions

‎‫ב‬

342,

‫מֶן‬

mental,

oath

- with

118

sve

- with

genitive

*j97 372

158

‫אחר‬/

475

pronouns

as

concord

6f

203

see

genitive

7 284,

imperfect

see

omissions,

©! 480 by 294

‎‫כ‬

conjunctions

precative

non-verbal

ordinal

article

posaeasive

genitive,

Qh 122

194

°2D 443

- with

abaolute

- with

conjunction

110

213-222 infinitive 90,

206

lil 169 212

| 181,

185

YN 401-402,

73

539

- with

synchronism

236-237

participle,

passive

participles,

pronominal

‎‫יש‬

974

predicative

482,

subject

with

prepositionéa

‎‫ר‬

‫ פס‬a53i3-

‫ את‬643:

adjective,

prepositions

A

162,

139,

159,

167,

aspect,

160

213,

868

515,

176

aspect

170

pronouns

106-112

pt"el/pu‘al 140-146, 157, 159, 216 1 435,

‎‫אם‬

754

- preposition 7 276, 522 piuperfect, see tense plural B-ll piurative

(repetitive)

adjec-

584

predicative

nominative,

predicative

67 see

participle

with

nom-

215

prepositions

3 253,

143

156

possession

- with existential particle W! 478

238-376

- with

absolute

- with

bound

tive

infinitive

forms

30;

congtruct

503-508,

geni-

infinitive

510:

see

194,

infini-

construct

- with

noun

- with

clauses

pronouns

498-502

112

present time 161, 162, 515 preterite, see aspect price, see exchange privative

conjunction 024,

- vith

213,

‫תְּלְתִּי‬

DB 456

#7 400, 124,

preposition

product,

167,

146

- with negatives ‫בַּלִי‬

207

ses

case

- with

- with

pieonastic conjunctions

of

apposition

tive,

4

voice

Accu-

see

predicative

200, with

see

specification

prepositions

of

tance

time

546,

‎‫ כ‬362

540

‎‫ אֶל‬103,

‎‫מֶן‬

519,

accusative,

of

pregnant,

45

587

,282

183-187,

inative

particle

119

genitive

tive

article

poel

article

infinitive

mood

sative

existential

~

see see

tability)

predicative

551

- with

perfect

596

86;

pronoun

potential

precative

98-99

absolute

passive

object of verb, ses accusative case, direct object

mood

clause

numerals

251,

object

550,

pronoun

- with

past

330,

548

- with

personal 456,

De 458,

548

interrogative

- with

Oy

415

partitive,

752

by

possessive

- with negatives

ellipsis

~ with -

270,

precative

172

obiigation

see

47460,

sub-

object of preposition 238; sea in-

infinitive

obligative,

psrnissive

conjunctions

in

partisanship,

formula

of

verb

parataxia

69

see

prepositions

- vith

479,

484-468

object - infinitive as 193, 203 - noun claunes as 490 -

vatitive

absclute

703,

489

preposition

direct negative,

‫אל‬

4

and verb

- omission

with preposition

middls voice 136, mood L43-191 multiples 96-97

} 252,

483-493

of,

8

prepositions

0

possessive

participle

023

agent

messire (number) = apposition of 69 - genitive of, see

‎‫ צַל‬092,

of

‎‫אַת‬

negatives

- omission

446

= genitive of, see ganitive numarals 94-105 ~ with dmiwsions 590

means —- genitive

concord

Jeet

noun

34

490-493,

- nominative numler 1-16 - apposition

sdvertiai

33,

prepositions

259, an, ‎‫ אחרי‬263

‫ עֶם‬,323

$68

.

with

genitive,

- with

- with

°3 435]

case

norm,

- with

brachylogy

with

optative

nominative clauses

see

obligation

‎.‫פ‬/.‫ פ‬2 likeness,

of,

denial,

‎‫ לא‬593, ‫ פַל‬314, ‫בלִי‬

158-159,

- with relative

540

omission

objective

nominalising Jussive

-

- with existential particle

‫ בָר‬414,

verbial

152-153

‎‫חַה‬

394-428

nowinali predicate,

542

pronoun

892-595

double

negatives

interrogative

intransitive

omissions

negative,

541-345

573-3574

intonation

intwexrrogative

accusative

1° 411,‫‏‬

‫ אפס‬6

IY

321;

of,

cf,

see

4ll

accu~-

sative

product,

with preposition

prohibition, 396

with negative

? 278

KY? 173,

of

§85-589

- with

prepositions

proper

nsmes

prophetic

restrictive

112

perfect,

sew

- with with

certitude

construct

520,

- with

infinitive

522,

197,

54

precative

101,

187

- with prepositions ,125 ‎‫ ל‬,772 44

‎‫לְמעו‬

,521

construct

‎‫ אשר‬,664

279,

526

with

relative particles

‎‫אַפַר‬

,364

qal 133-134, questions,

accu-

clauses

$25-527

424

159

rhstorical,

adverbs

teliic

clauses

‎‫אַף‬

interrogative

with

na

6

oy 735,

reciprocal

132

pronouns

ny 344

sarcastic, aeparative

with

conjunction

recitative

- with

directive

- with - with

- with

preposition

conjunction °3 452 relative particle ‎‫ אַטַר‬764

reflexive

135,

152,

preposition

reflexive

pronoins

relationship,

with

separative

sinilarity,

130

simultaneous

preposition

90-91;

see

ar-

sources, space,

claises

relative

particles

relative

pronouns

536-540 470,

6-537

amphaais

- with

101-102

action,

see

aynchro=

with see

preposition

Tp 122

relationship vith

prepositions

genitive

238,

atative

256

infinitive

206

participle 221

P1390,

133,

141,

149,

of, ses 161,

subject

- asyndetic 7235-237 - compound 230 ' dual 331 indefinite 222 infinitive an 192,

tive temporal

see

word

105,

order

108-109,

187

verb,

‎‫אַל‬

see

sentence

tense

concord

32:

see

161,

162,

ending

‫בָּל‬

with

‎‫אֶל‬

negatives

892,

theme

subjective

genitive, pronoun,

see

genitivg

see

167; a;

‫עד‬

Bative,

5

eub$ective

496-510 see

aspect

€2

- with prepositions

of

nomi=

terrinative

denial,

104,

clauses

terrinative

582-

case

subjective

7 266,

dy 287,

32 Accusative,

see

accu-

directive

133-156

tolerative

aubject,

178

trarsitivity,

as

with

preposition

205,

283,

‎‫ג‬

442

substantival

participle

substantival

predicate

217 562,

Ugaritic

564

176,

435

substantive cardinal

numerals

existential omissicn

negatives

ag

95-96

particle ak,

of

‎‫אל‬

yg

504,

verb,

as

476

verbal

‫אַין‬

6

verbal

583

omission

personal

pronouns

79,

nouns

- with 77-81

superlative

articie

93;

nee

ar-

superlative

genitive,

synchronism

{simultaneous

235-237,

telic,

Bee

or

186,

action}

negative

vocative

article

89;

see

articie

157-160

wav -

as

-

‘consecutive’

-

clauses

conjunction

‘'sirple'

- with

19-524

directive

- with

430-442 177-179,

prepositions

word

> 445,

ending

497,

-

az 63

180-182,

irperatives

order

1892,

484,

adverbial

187,

518

-

circumstantial claseifying

clauses

579

ciauses

578

identifying interrogative

113,

-

non-verbal

205,

805,

‫תָן‬

‫ אֲחֲרֵי‬063,

105,

605,

accusative,

613,

323,

‫ לִפָנָי‬173, $e

RCCUIA-

‫שחו‬

7

-

verbal

-

optative

519

576

-

499,‫‏‬

199-190,

clauses

-

§ 241,

185,

570-582

405, 3 262, 005, 505, ‫ ל‬862, ‫עַד‬

121

YK 4092

B9

525

purposes)

=~ with

202.

172

genitive

‎‫נֵל‬

terporal - with conjunctions i Cl:

temporal

253,

i8B

34,

purpose

(final

187,

see

221-226

94,

vocative voice

ticle

591

192-222

cof motion

vetitive

109-12

of

co-ordination

verts

superlative

telic

genitive

rapetitive 143 reapect, plural of 8, 73 restrictive = with adverbs ty 309, 559,

120

iikenees

1-2

specification,

16

prepositions

- with absolute

15,

‫ו‬

- of

native

220,

accusstivg

- for distribution for

Becd~

‎‫ ל‬372, ‫ צל‬982, ‫ אל‬603 3250, specification, accusative of, 8e@

repet{tion =

see

specification,

462-474 129,

see

nism

IR

ticle relative

N+ 64

TA 315

accusative,

7 272

aingular article

ending

1 439

sative

34-155

323 relative

of

suffixed

156

- with prepositions

- with

and

subject

380,

573-575

reciprocal 137, 153,

487

- with

subject

rhetorical absélute 35, 58, 107,

clanses

ss

pronoun

of, see genitive conjunction ]

157, see

see

rosult, genitive resumptive, with 466, 511

ses

negative

3

aativs result

clauseg,

198,

198,

of,

4B4,

583

526

accusative

of,

pronoun

preposition

7

as

2 72-233

position

‎‫ לְפַעַן‬36B 79 450 infinitive

clause

plursi

958-560

279,

./ַ.

,763

32$ purpose,

- noun

655

with

result,

- with relative particle purpose

ciauses

preposition conjunction

vith

purpose 277,

,724

reauit

23

see pi‘el/pu'al

- with

‎‫אֲפָּט‬

negative

t

- omission

pu'ai,

3560 ~ with

106-132

‫ו‬

pronouns

clauses

clauses

clauses

clauses

582

581

$77-592

571-576

non-verbal

clauaes

580

Index

of

Hebrew

References are to sections main discussions only

Words

which

contain

4

‫או‬

3

‫ יע‬3

‫אַחַר‬/‫אחרִי‬ ‫אִין‬

2

‫יט‬

114604

223

4

‫את‬

9

‫בי‬

‫אל‬

‫אל‬

5

8

‫ל‬

‫אָם‬

8

‫לג‬

‫אָף‬

7

‫למעֵן‬

‫אפס‬ ‫אֲשֶׁר‬

‫לא‬

7 9

nN

(acc.

nk

(prep.)‫‏‬

3

4

‫בל‬

ֵ‫בְּל‬ ‫פלתִּ‏‬k

0 4

2 4

574

0 8

743-83

‫מ*י‬

3

‫ מז‬7 86

‫מפני‬

‫עד‬

4

‫על‬

6

‫צֶם‬

7

‫געבוּר‬

2

91 164

‫בּעד‬

6

‫בק‬

‫גֵם‬

2

‫ ו‬2

08

‫לפנ‬ 3 ‫ מָה‬821-421, 8

part.)‫‏‬

6

184-60

3

-‫ש‬/-‫ש‬

nna 3$98-353‫‏‬

A34.25‫‏‬ THEOLOGY LIBRARY‫‏‬ CLAREMONT, CALIF.‫‏‬ 122

964

4