Handbook of Industrial Crystallization [2nd ed] 0750670126, 9780750670128, 9780080533513

Has detailed chapters on biomolecules, precipitation, impurity-crystal interactions, solubility, and design.

314 114 403KB

English Pages 329 Year 2002

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Table of contents :
Front Cover......Page 1
Handbook of Industrial Crystallization......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
Preface to the First Edition......Page 12
Preface to the Second Edition......Page 14
1.3. Solubility of Inorganics......Page 16
1.4. Solubility of Organics......Page 26
1.5. Supersaturation and Metastability......Page 31
1.6. Solution Properties......Page 35
1.7. Thermal Properties......Page 40
2.1. Crystals......Page 48
2.2. Nucleation......Page 58
2.3. Crystal Growth......Page 68
References......Page 78
3.2. Factors Determining Crystal Shape......Page 82
3.3. Influence of Solvents on Volume and Surface Diffusion Steps......Page 85
3.4. Structure of the Crystalline Interface......Page 86
3.5. Factors Affecting Impurity Incorporation......Page 87
3.6. Effect of Impurities on Crystal Growth Rate......Page 95
3.7. Some Chemical Aspects of Solvent and Impurity Interactions......Page 101
3.8. Tailor-Made Additives......Page 105
3.9. Effect of Solvents on Crystal Growth......Page 108
3.10. Summary......Page 111
References......Page 112
4.1. Particle Size and Distribution......Page 116
4.2. Measurement of Size Distribution......Page 117
4.3. The Mixed Suspension, Mixed Product Removal (MSMPR) Formalism for the Population Balance......Page 119
4.5. Extension and Violations of the MSMPR Model......Page 122
References......Page 128
5.1. Fundamentals......Page 130
5.2. Selection of a Crystallizer......Page 138
5.3. Equipment Types......Page 142
5.4. Crystallizer Design Procedure......Page 148
5.5. Instrumentation and Control......Page 151
5.6. Crystallizer Costs......Page 153
Nomenclature......Page 154
Reference......Page 155
6.2. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties......Page 156
6.3. Nucleation Kinetics......Page 158
6.4. Crystal Growth Kinetics......Page 161
6.5. Other Processes Attributes in Precipitation......Page 163
6.6. Experimental Techniques......Page 167
6.7. Modeling and Control of Crystal......Page 169
6.8. Precipitation in Practice......Page 172
6.9. Summary......Page 173
References......Page 174
7.2. Benefits of Melt Crystallization......Page 176
7.3. Phase Diagrams......Page 177
7.4. Crystallization Kinetics......Page 178
7.5. Solid Layer Crystallization......Page 181
7.7. Concepts of Existing Plants......Page 182
7.8. The Sweating Step......Page 188
7.9. The Washing Step......Page 189
7.10. Continuous Plants......Page 190
Reference......Page 192
8.2. Crystallizer Flows......Page 196
8.3. Distribution of Key Variables in Crystallizers......Page 197
8.4. Crystallizers......Page 199
8.5. Scale-Up......Page 204
8.6. Modeling......Page 206
8.7. Summary......Page 212
Reference......Page 213
9.1. Introduction......Page 216
9.2. Feedback Controllers......Page 219
9.3. Industrial Crystallizer Control......Page 224
9.4. Advanced Continuous Crystallizer Control......Page 236
9.5. Advanced Batch Crystallizer Control......Page 238
Nomenclature......Page 243
Reference......Page 244
10.2. Batch Crystallizers......Page 246
10.3. Batch Crystallization Analysis......Page 249
10.4. Factors Affecting Batch Crystallization......Page 253
10.5. Batch Crystallization Operations......Page 259
10.6. Summary......Page 261
Nomenclature......Page 262
Reference......Page 263
11.2. Solubility and the Creation of Supersaturation......Page 264
11.3. Control of Particle Size and Morphology......Page 268
1 1.4. The Purity of Biochemicals Produced by Crystallization......Page 273
11.5. Applications of Crystallization in the Pharmaceutical Industry......Page 276
Nomenclature......Page 280
Reference......Page 281
12.1. Introduction......Page 282
12.2. Protein Chemistry......Page 284
12.3. Variables Affecting Protein Solubility......Page 289
12.5. Physicochemical Measurements......Page 295
12.6. Traditional Screening Tools......Page 296
Nomenclature......Page 298
Reference......Page 299
13.1. Controlling Crystallization in Foods......Page 302
13.2. Control to Produce Desired Crystalline Structure......Page 305
13.4. Factors Affecting Control of Crystallization......Page 308
Acknowledgment......Page 318
Reference......Page 319
Index......Page 320

Handbook of Industrial Crystallization [2nd ed]
 0750670126, 9780750670128, 9780080533513

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