GSM System Engineering (Artech House Mobile Communications Series) 0890068607, 9780890068601
It is through and complete. Covers not only radio access network but also switching network in good detail. There is not
404 90 268KB
English Pages 472 Year 1997
Table of contents :
The Series......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 14
1.1 Introduction......Page 18
1.2 GSM Background......Page 22
1.3 GSM Operational Requirements......Page 23
1.4 GSM Technical Requirements......Page 27
1.6 Future Developments......Page 31
1.7 Organization of the Book......Page 34
Problems......Page 35
App1A Teleservices......Page 36
App1B Bearer Services......Page 37
App1C Supplementary Services......Page 38
2.1 Introduction......Page 42
2.2 GSM Network Structure......Page 45
2.2.1 Cell Layout & Frequency Planning......Page 46
2.3 Mobile Station......Page 49
2.3.1 Functions of MS......Page 52
2.3.2 Power Levels......Page 53
2.3.3 MS Configuration......Page 54
2.3.4 SIM Card......Page 55
2.3.5.1 International Mobile Subscriber Identity......Page 57
2.3.5.2 Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity......Page 58
2.4 Base Station System......Page 60
2.4.1 Functions of BTS......Page 62
2.4.1.2 Transcoder......Page 63
2.4.2 BSC......Page 66
2.5 Switching Subsystems: Mobile Switching Center & Gateway Switching Center......Page 67
2.5.1 Functions of MSC......Page 68
2.5.2 VLR......Page 69
2.5.2.1 Data Stored in VLR......Page 70
2.6 Home Location Register......Page 71
2.8 Equipment Identity Register......Page 73
2.10 Echo Canceler......Page 74
2.11 Operations & Maintenance Center......Page 75
2.12 Network Management Center......Page 77
2.14 Networking......Page 78
2.15 Conclusions......Page 81
Problems......Page 82
References......Page 83
3.1 Introduction......Page 84
3.2 Time Domain Representation......Page 87
3.2.2 Logical TCHs......Page 88
3.2.3 Logical Control Channels......Page 90
3.2.3.1 Broadcast Control Channel......Page 92
3.2.3.2 Common Control Channels......Page 93
3.2.4 Structure of TDMA Slot with Frame......Page 94
3.2.4.2 Synchronization Burst......Page 95
3.2.4.5 Dummy Burst......Page 99
3.2.5.1 Time Organization of Traffic Channel (Full & Half Rate)......Page 100
3.2.5.2 Time Organization of Control Channels......Page 103
Signaling Channel (Downlink Only): Frequency & Time Synchronizing Channels......Page 104
Signaling Channel (Downlink Only): Broadcast Control Channel & Paging & Access Channels......Page 106
Common Channel Allocation in Typical System......Page 107
3.3 Frequency Axis Representation......Page 108
3.3.1 Frequency Hopping......Page 109
3.4.1 Mobile Modes......Page 113
3.4.2 Access Support to Mobile......Page 115
3.4.3 Mobile Sequence of Operations......Page 116
3.4.3.2 Mobile Detects the Incoming Call......Page 117
3.4.3.3 Mobile Originating a Call......Page 119
Problems......Page 120
References......Page 122
4.1 Introduction......Page 124
4.2 Signaling Protocols......Page 125
4.3 Mobile Initialization......Page 129
4.4.1 Connection Request......Page 131
4.4.3 Identification Procedure......Page 133
4.4.4 Authentication......Page 135
4.4.6 Call Clearing......Page 136
4.4.6.2 Mobile-Initiated (Network-Terminated Call)......Page 137
4.4.7.1 IMSl Attach Procedure......Page 138
4.4.7.2 lMSI Detach Procedure......Page 139
4.5 Location Update......Page 142
4.6 MS-PSTN Call......Page 148
4.7 PSTN-MS Call......Page 151
4.8 MS-MS Call......Page 160
4.9 Call Handover......Page 162
References......Page 166
5.1 Introduction......Page 168
5.2 Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identification......Page 170
5.3 Authentication......Page 172
5.4 Encryption......Page 176
5.5 Characteristics of SIM......Page 178
5.6 Equipment Identification......Page 181
5.7 Conclusions......Page 182
References......Page 183
6.1 Introduction......Page 186
6.2 Spectral Efficiency of GSM System......Page 189
6.2.1 Some Alternate Measure of Spectral Efficiency......Page 190
6.2.2 Multiple Access Efficiency of FDMA & TDMA Systems......Page 191
6.2.4 TDMA......Page 192
6.3 Speech Coding......Page 195
6.3.1 RPE-LTP Speech Encoder......Page 198
6.4 Block & Convolutional Coding......Page 204
6.4.1 Full Rate Speech Coding......Page 207
6.4.4 Control Channel Signaling Data......Page 213
6.4.5 Interleaving......Page 214
6.5 Digital Modulation......Page 217
6.5.1 MSK Modulation......Page 224
6.5.2 GMSK Modulation......Page 229
6.5.2.1 GMSK Representation......Page 231
6.5.3 Demodulation......Page 233
6.6 Channel Characterization......Page 234
6.6.1 Channel Equalization......Page 240
6.6.1.1 Use of Training Sequence in Equalizer......Page 241
6.6.1.2 Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation Equalization......Page 244
6.6.1.3 Decision Feedback Equalizer......Page 245
6.7 Delay Requirements......Page 247
6.8 Discontinuous Transmission......Page 249
6.8.2 The Comfort Noise Functions......Page 251
6.8.2.2 Comfort Noise Generation Algorithm......Page 252
6.9 Timing Advance Mechanism......Page 253
6.10 Mobile-Assisted Handover......Page 254
Problems......Page 259
References......Page 261
7.1 Introduction......Page 264
7.2 Subscription Administration......Page 265
7.3.2 Subscriber Billing: National & International......Page 268
7.3.3 Charging Principles......Page 269
7.3.4.2 Terminating Call Component......Page 271
7.3.4.5 Transiting Call Component......Page 272
7.3.5 Standard for Data Transfer......Page 273
7.3.6 Toll Ticketing......Page 275
7.4 Network Maintenance......Page 277
7.4.2 Minimizing the Effects of Failure......Page 278
7.4.3 Fault Detection......Page 279
Problems......Page 280
References......Page 281
8.1 Introduction......Page 282
8.2 Physical Layer......Page 285
8.3 Data Link Layer......Page 286
8.4 MTP3, SCCP & TCAP Protocols......Page 292
8.5.1 RR Layer......Page 296
8.5.1.1 Procedures for System Information Broadcasting......Page 297
8.5.1.2 Procedures During Connection Establishment......Page 298
8.5.1.3 Procedures During Connected Phase......Page 299
8.5.1.4 Procedure During Connection Release Phase......Page 300
8.5.2.1 MM Common Procedure......Page 301
8.5.2.2 MM Specific Procedure......Page 302
8.5.2.3 MM Connection Management Procedures......Page 303
8.5.3 CC Layer......Page 304
8.5.4 Message Formatting......Page 307
8.6 BSS Application Part......Page 309
8.7 MAP Protocol......Page 310
8.7.1 MAP Protocols for MM......Page 313
8.7.2 MAP Protocols for Basic Services Support......Page 315
8.8 Common Channel Signaling between MSC & Fixed Network......Page 316
8.9 Standardized Interfaces in GSM......Page 317
8.9.2 A-bis Interface......Page 318
8.9.3 A Interface......Page 320
References......Page 323
9.1 Introduction......Page 324
9.2 Mobile Station Subsystem......Page 325
9.2.1.2 MS Access Capability......Page 326
9.2.1.3 Modes of Use......Page 327
9.2.2 Features of Mobile: Basic, Supplementary & Additional......Page 328
9.2.3 Mobile Configuration......Page 330
9.2.4 Terminal Architecture......Page 331
9.3 Base Station System......Page 334
9.3.2 BTS Architecture......Page 337
9.4 MSC & GMSC Architecture......Page 342
9.4.1 Switch Matrix......Page 344
9.4.3 Timing System......Page 348
9.4.5 Land Call Management......Page 349
9.4.9 VLR Subsystem......Page 350
9.5 Network Management System......Page 351
9.5.1 Functions of NMC......Page 352
9.5.2.1 Fault & Alarm Management......Page 355
9.5.2.4 Security Management......Page 356
9.5.3 Architecture of OMC......Page 357
Problems......Page 358
References......Page 359
10.1 Introduction......Page 360
10.2 1st-, 2nd- & 3rd-Generation Systems, Technology & Future Trend......Page 361
10.3.1 Channel Segregation......Page 364
10.3.3 Diversity Transmission......Page 365
10.3.4 Modulation......Page 366
10.3.5 Performance Criterion......Page 367
10.3.6 Propagation Model......Page 368
10.4 Cordless Telephones......Page 370
10.4.1 Cordless Telephones (CT2-CAI)......Page 371
10.4.1.2 Technical Characteristics of CT2-CAI......Page 372
10.4.1.3 Implementation of CT2-CAI Handset......Page 375
10.4.2.1 DECT Parameters & Salient Features......Page 376
10.4.2.2 DECT Applications......Page 378
10.4.2.3 DECT-GSM Interconnection......Page 379
10.5 European DCS 1800 System......Page 384
10.5.4 Power Ramping......Page 385
Problems......Page 387
References......Page 389
11.1 Introduction......Page 390
11.2 PCS Systems of Future......Page 391
11.2.1 European Role......Page 396
11.2.2 Key Objectives of UMTS/FPLMTS......Page 398
11.2.3.1 SIM Roaming......Page 399
11.2.3.2 Intersystem Roaming......Page 401
11.2.3.3 Future Mobile Service & Database Requirements......Page 402
11.2.3.4 Database Requirements......Page 404
11.2.3.5 Interface Sandardization for UMTS......Page 405
11.2.3.7 Future Mobile Terminals......Page 406
11.2.4 Role of Different Players......Page 412
11.3 US Effort for Universal Personal Communication Services......Page 414
11.3.2 Trading Areas......Page 415
11.3.3 Narrowband Licenses......Page 417
11.3.5 Unlicensed PCS Services......Page 418
11.3.6 Pioneer's Preference......Page 419
11.4.1 Potential Markets......Page 420
11.4.2 Iridium......Page 421
11.4.2.1 Ground Architecture......Page 422
11.4.3 Odyssey......Page 424
11.4.3.1 Technical Requirements......Page 425
11.4.3.2 Ground Architecture......Page 426
11.4.4 Globalstar......Page 427
11.4.4.1 Ground Architecture......Page 428
11.4.5 Inmarsat-P......Page 431
11.4.5.1 Technical Characteristics......Page 432
11.4.5.2 Ground Architecture......Page 433
Problems......Page 435
References......Page 436
Glossary......Page 438
About the Author......Page 452
Index......Page 454
Artech Telecommunications Titles......Page 468
The Series......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 14
1.1 Introduction......Page 18
1.2 GSM Background......Page 22
1.3 GSM Operational Requirements......Page 23
1.4 GSM Technical Requirements......Page 27
1.6 Future Developments......Page 31
1.7 Organization of the Book......Page 34
Problems......Page 35
App1A Teleservices......Page 36
App1B Bearer Services......Page 37
App1C Supplementary Services......Page 38
2.1 Introduction......Page 42
2.2 GSM Network Structure......Page 45
2.2.1 Cell Layout & Frequency Planning......Page 46
2.3 Mobile Station......Page 49
2.3.1 Functions of MS......Page 52
2.3.2 Power Levels......Page 53
2.3.3 MS Configuration......Page 54
2.3.4 SIM Card......Page 55
2.3.5.1 International Mobile Subscriber Identity......Page 57
2.3.5.2 Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity......Page 58
2.4 Base Station System......Page 60
2.4.1 Functions of BTS......Page 62
2.4.1.2 Transcoder......Page 63
2.4.2 BSC......Page 66
2.5 Switching Subsystems: Mobile Switching Center & Gateway Switching Center......Page 67
2.5.1 Functions of MSC......Page 68
2.5.2 VLR......Page 69
2.5.2.1 Data Stored in VLR......Page 70
2.6 Home Location Register......Page 71
2.8 Equipment Identity Register......Page 73
2.10 Echo Canceler......Page 74
2.11 Operations & Maintenance Center......Page 75
2.12 Network Management Center......Page 77
2.14 Networking......Page 78
2.15 Conclusions......Page 81
Problems......Page 82
References......Page 83
3.1 Introduction......Page 84
3.2 Time Domain Representation......Page 87
3.2.2 Logical TCHs......Page 88
3.2.3 Logical Control Channels......Page 90
3.2.3.1 Broadcast Control Channel......Page 92
3.2.3.2 Common Control Channels......Page 93
3.2.4 Structure of TDMA Slot with Frame......Page 94
3.2.4.2 Synchronization Burst......Page 95
3.2.4.5 Dummy Burst......Page 99
3.2.5.1 Time Organization of Traffic Channel (Full & Half Rate)......Page 100
3.2.5.2 Time Organization of Control Channels......Page 103
Signaling Channel (Downlink Only): Frequency & Time Synchronizing Channels......Page 104
Signaling Channel (Downlink Only): Broadcast Control Channel & Paging & Access Channels......Page 106
Common Channel Allocation in Typical System......Page 107
3.3 Frequency Axis Representation......Page 108
3.3.1 Frequency Hopping......Page 109
3.4.1 Mobile Modes......Page 113
3.4.2 Access Support to Mobile......Page 115
3.4.3 Mobile Sequence of Operations......Page 116
3.4.3.2 Mobile Detects the Incoming Call......Page 117
3.4.3.3 Mobile Originating a Call......Page 119
Problems......Page 120
References......Page 122
4.1 Introduction......Page 124
4.2 Signaling Protocols......Page 125
4.3 Mobile Initialization......Page 129
4.4.1 Connection Request......Page 131
4.4.3 Identification Procedure......Page 133
4.4.4 Authentication......Page 135
4.4.6 Call Clearing......Page 136
4.4.6.2 Mobile-Initiated (Network-Terminated Call)......Page 137
4.4.7.1 IMSl Attach Procedure......Page 138
4.4.7.2 lMSI Detach Procedure......Page 139
4.5 Location Update......Page 142
4.6 MS-PSTN Call......Page 148
4.7 PSTN-MS Call......Page 151
4.8 MS-MS Call......Page 160
4.9 Call Handover......Page 162
References......Page 166
5.1 Introduction......Page 168
5.2 Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identification......Page 170
5.3 Authentication......Page 172
5.4 Encryption......Page 176
5.5 Characteristics of SIM......Page 178
5.6 Equipment Identification......Page 181
5.7 Conclusions......Page 182
References......Page 183
6.1 Introduction......Page 186
6.2 Spectral Efficiency of GSM System......Page 189
6.2.1 Some Alternate Measure of Spectral Efficiency......Page 190
6.2.2 Multiple Access Efficiency of FDMA & TDMA Systems......Page 191
6.2.4 TDMA......Page 192
6.3 Speech Coding......Page 195
6.3.1 RPE-LTP Speech Encoder......Page 198
6.4 Block & Convolutional Coding......Page 204
6.4.1 Full Rate Speech Coding......Page 207
6.4.4 Control Channel Signaling Data......Page 213
6.4.5 Interleaving......Page 214
6.5 Digital Modulation......Page 217
6.5.1 MSK Modulation......Page 224
6.5.2 GMSK Modulation......Page 229
6.5.2.1 GMSK Representation......Page 231
6.5.3 Demodulation......Page 233
6.6 Channel Characterization......Page 234
6.6.1 Channel Equalization......Page 240
6.6.1.1 Use of Training Sequence in Equalizer......Page 241
6.6.1.2 Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation Equalization......Page 244
6.6.1.3 Decision Feedback Equalizer......Page 245
6.7 Delay Requirements......Page 247
6.8 Discontinuous Transmission......Page 249
6.8.2 The Comfort Noise Functions......Page 251
6.8.2.2 Comfort Noise Generation Algorithm......Page 252
6.9 Timing Advance Mechanism......Page 253
6.10 Mobile-Assisted Handover......Page 254
Problems......Page 259
References......Page 261
7.1 Introduction......Page 264
7.2 Subscription Administration......Page 265
7.3.2 Subscriber Billing: National & International......Page 268
7.3.3 Charging Principles......Page 269
7.3.4.2 Terminating Call Component......Page 271
7.3.4.5 Transiting Call Component......Page 272
7.3.5 Standard for Data Transfer......Page 273
7.3.6 Toll Ticketing......Page 275
7.4 Network Maintenance......Page 277
7.4.2 Minimizing the Effects of Failure......Page 278
7.4.3 Fault Detection......Page 279
Problems......Page 280
References......Page 281
8.1 Introduction......Page 282
8.2 Physical Layer......Page 285
8.3 Data Link Layer......Page 286
8.4 MTP3, SCCP & TCAP Protocols......Page 292
8.5.1 RR Layer......Page 296
8.5.1.1 Procedures for System Information Broadcasting......Page 297
8.5.1.2 Procedures During Connection Establishment......Page 298
8.5.1.3 Procedures During Connected Phase......Page 299
8.5.1.4 Procedure During Connection Release Phase......Page 300
8.5.2.1 MM Common Procedure......Page 301
8.5.2.2 MM Specific Procedure......Page 302
8.5.2.3 MM Connection Management Procedures......Page 303
8.5.3 CC Layer......Page 304
8.5.4 Message Formatting......Page 307
8.6 BSS Application Part......Page 309
8.7 MAP Protocol......Page 310
8.7.1 MAP Protocols for MM......Page 313
8.7.2 MAP Protocols for Basic Services Support......Page 315
8.8 Common Channel Signaling between MSC & Fixed Network......Page 316
8.9 Standardized Interfaces in GSM......Page 317
8.9.2 A-bis Interface......Page 318
8.9.3 A Interface......Page 320
References......Page 323
9.1 Introduction......Page 324
9.2 Mobile Station Subsystem......Page 325
9.2.1.2 MS Access Capability......Page 326
9.2.1.3 Modes of Use......Page 327
9.2.2 Features of Mobile: Basic, Supplementary & Additional......Page 328
9.2.3 Mobile Configuration......Page 330
9.2.4 Terminal Architecture......Page 331
9.3 Base Station System......Page 334
9.3.2 BTS Architecture......Page 337
9.4 MSC & GMSC Architecture......Page 342
9.4.1 Switch Matrix......Page 344
9.4.3 Timing System......Page 348
9.4.5 Land Call Management......Page 349
9.4.9 VLR Subsystem......Page 350
9.5 Network Management System......Page 351
9.5.1 Functions of NMC......Page 352
9.5.2.1 Fault & Alarm Management......Page 355
9.5.2.4 Security Management......Page 356
9.5.3 Architecture of OMC......Page 357
Problems......Page 358
References......Page 359
10.1 Introduction......Page 360
10.2 1st-, 2nd- & 3rd-Generation Systems, Technology & Future Trend......Page 361
10.3.1 Channel Segregation......Page 364
10.3.3 Diversity Transmission......Page 365
10.3.4 Modulation......Page 366
10.3.5 Performance Criterion......Page 367
10.3.6 Propagation Model......Page 368
10.4 Cordless Telephones......Page 370
10.4.1 Cordless Telephones (CT2-CAI)......Page 371
10.4.1.2 Technical Characteristics of CT2-CAI......Page 372
10.4.1.3 Implementation of CT2-CAI Handset......Page 375
10.4.2.1 DECT Parameters & Salient Features......Page 376
10.4.2.2 DECT Applications......Page 378
10.4.2.3 DECT-GSM Interconnection......Page 379
10.5 European DCS 1800 System......Page 384
10.5.4 Power Ramping......Page 385
Problems......Page 387
References......Page 389
11.1 Introduction......Page 390
11.2 PCS Systems of Future......Page 391
11.2.1 European Role......Page 396
11.2.2 Key Objectives of UMTS/FPLMTS......Page 398
11.2.3.1 SIM Roaming......Page 399
11.2.3.2 Intersystem Roaming......Page 401
11.2.3.3 Future Mobile Service & Database Requirements......Page 402
11.2.3.4 Database Requirements......Page 404
11.2.3.5 Interface Sandardization for UMTS......Page 405
11.2.3.7 Future Mobile Terminals......Page 406
11.2.4 Role of Different Players......Page 412
11.3 US Effort for Universal Personal Communication Services......Page 414
11.3.2 Trading Areas......Page 415
11.3.3 Narrowband Licenses......Page 417
11.3.5 Unlicensed PCS Services......Page 418
11.3.6 Pioneer's Preference......Page 419
11.4.1 Potential Markets......Page 420
11.4.2 Iridium......Page 421
11.4.2.1 Ground Architecture......Page 422
11.4.3 Odyssey......Page 424
11.4.3.1 Technical Requirements......Page 425
11.4.3.2 Ground Architecture......Page 426
11.4.4 Globalstar......Page 427
11.4.4.1 Ground Architecture......Page 428
11.4.5 Inmarsat-P......Page 431
11.4.5.1 Technical Characteristics......Page 432
11.4.5.2 Ground Architecture......Page 433
Problems......Page 435
References......Page 436
Glossary......Page 438
About the Author......Page 452
Index......Page 454
Artech Telecommunications Titles......Page 468
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