Geochemical Remote Sensing of the Sub-Surface. Volume 7 0-444-50439-7

Table of contents :
Front Cover......Page 1
Geochemical Remote Sensing of the Sub-Surface......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 16
Editor's foreword......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
List of contributors......Page 10
Part I: Genetic Models of Remote Dispersion Patterns......Page 24
Introduction......Page 26
The geochemical background......Page 27
Indicator and pathfinder gases for exploration......Page 29
Mechanisms of gas migration......Page 31
Indicator and pathfinder gas data acquisition......Page 36
Conclusions......Page 37
Geoelectrochemical prospecting......Page 40
Geoelectrochemical exploration......Page 76
Discussion and conclusions......Page 101
Introduction......Page 104
Geochemical transport mechanisms......Page 105
Voltaic Cells......Page 109
Spontaneous potential in Earth materials......Page 114
Spontaneous potential cells......Page 123
Geochemical response to spontaneous potential cells......Page 136
Conclusions......Page 141
Part II: Remote Dispersion Patterns Of Co-Genetic Provenance......Page 144
Method......Page 146
Case histories......Page 147
Discussion......Page 150
Conclusions......Page 154
Introduction......Page 156
Origin of light hydrocarbon gases......Page 157
History......Page 163
Physical basis for migration of hydrocarbons to the surface......Page 166
Hydrocarbon residence sites at surface......Page 171
Factors influencing near- surface hydrocarbon flux......Page 175
Sampling and measurement methods......Page 178
Sampling strategy......Page 203
Data interpretation......Page 205
Case histories......Page 215
Conclusions......Page 234
Introduction......Page 236
Theoretical principles......Page 237
Surface expressions of hydrocarbon migration......Page 241
Modes of occurrence of gases in microseeps......Page 242
Practical methods......Page 245
Case histories......Page 248
Conclusions......Page 254
Introduction......Page 256
Remote detection of induced surface manifestations......Page 258
Problems and future trends......Page 267
Part III: Remote Dispersion Pattern of Post-Genetic Provenance......Page 270
Introduction......Page 272
Chemistry and geochemistry of sulphur gases......Page 273
Experimental techniques......Page 279
Case histories......Page 293
Discussion......Page 310
Conclusions......Page 311
Experimental investigations......Page 314
Field investigations......Page 318
Discussion......Page 324
Conclusions......Page 325
Introduction......Page 326
Occurrence......Page 327
Sampling......Page 333
Analysis......Page 336
Variations of helium concentrations......Page 340
Helium surveys in mineral exploration......Page 343
Helium surveys in petroleum exploration......Page 361
Helium surveys in geothermal resource exploration......Page 366
Helium associated with faults......Page 369
Conclusion......Page 373
Introduction......Page 376
Physical and chemical properties of radon......Page 377
Definitions......Page 379
Geochemistry of radon......Page 380
Analytical methods......Page 405
Field methods......Page 412
Comparison studies and case histories......Page 415
Future needs......Page 417
Introduction......Page 418
Geochemistry of mercury......Page 419
Behaviour of mercury in the primary environment......Page 422
Behaviour of mercury in the secondary environment......Page 429
Sampling media......Page 450
Recommended analytical procedures......Page 458
Conclusions......Page 460
Introduction......Page 462
Case histories......Page 463
Discussion......Page 470
Conclusions......Page 471
Introduction......Page 474
Oxygen and carbon dioxide in the subsurface......Page 475
Sampling and analytical methods......Page 480
Case histories......Page 484
Discussion......Page 491
Conclusions......Page 492
References......Page 494
Author index......Page 536
Geographical index......Page 552
Petroleum and mineral deposit index......Page 556
Subject index......Page 560