Gate of Heaven: The Story of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim in Montreal, 1846-1996 9780773568662

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The Gate of Heaven

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THE STORY OF CONGREGATION SHAAR HASHOMAYIM OF MONTREAL 1846-1996

Rabbi Wilfred Shuchat

Published for the Congregation Shaar Hashomayim by

McGill-Queen's University Press Montreal and Kingston • London • Ithaca

© Congregation Shaar Hashomayim ISBN 0-7735-2089-9 Legal deposit third quarter 2000 Bibliotheque nationale du Quebec Printed in Canada on acid-free paper McGill-Queen's University Press acknowledges the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP) for its activities. It also acknowledges the support of the Canada Council for the Arts for its publishing program. Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Shuchat, Wilfred The gate of Heaven : the story of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim of Montreal, 1846-1996 Includes index. ISBN 0-7735-2.089-9 i. Congregation Shaar Hashomayim (Westmount, Quebec)-History. 2. Jews-Quebec (Province)-Montreal. I. Title BM229.M662636 2000 C00-900380-0 296.8'32'0971428

To my dear wife, Miriam 'Many daughters have done worthily but thou excellest them all." (Proverbs 31:29)

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Contents ILLUSTRATIONS

xi

F O R E W O R D I June Chaikelson

xvii

F O R E W O R D / Bernard Shapiro

xix

PREFACE / Rosetta Elkin and the Editorial Board ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

xxi

Xxiii

1 The Early Days of Montreal Jewry 3 2 The Origins of the Shaar

17

3 The Community and the Congregation in the 18705 to 18905 28 4 The Synagogue Service and the Leadership in the i88os and 18905 47 5 The Early Abramowitz Years: To the First World War

59

6 The First World War Years 71 7 To Kensington and Cote St-Antoine: Events of the 19205 8 The Years of Great Growth

81

98

9 The Last Abramowitz Decade: From the 19305 to the 19405 10 The Second World War 11 The Centennial Year

116

131

142

12 The Montreal Jewish Community in the Post-War Years 154 13 The First Years of the Shuchat Rabbinate: From the Late 19405 to the Early 19505 170 14 Congregational Diversity 189 15 Anniversaries, Camp Ramah, and Religious Developments in the Later 19505 205 16 Ongoing Projects: The Home Study Groups, the Talmud Study Group, and the Charity Funds 225

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CONTENTS

17 Bursting at the Seams: The Early 19605 234 18 The Day-School Crisis

250

19 In the Throes of a Building Expansion: The Late 19605 20 Transitions

255

265

21 Confrontation in the Synagogue 270 22 A New Decade - A New Beginning: The Early 19705 277 23 The Young and the Old: The Second Half of the 19705 24 The Young and the Old Continued 25 The Rabbi and the Community

319

333

26 The Pavilion of Judaism at Expo '67 27 The Shaar Israel Project

300

343

353

28 The Jewish Introduction Service

364

29 The Shaar and the Jewish Theological Seminary 3 69 30 Highlights of the Eighties

373

31 Rabbis, Cantors, and Others

391

32 Does Shaar Hashomayim Have an Ideology? 409 33 Rabbi Shuchat Retires 414 34 The One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary

423

E P I L O G U E : Rabbi Shuchat's Concluding Thoughts POSTSCRIPT

434

443

APPENDIX A:

The Reorganizational Meeting of 12 September 1858

A P P E N D I X B:

Congregation Presidents, 1860-1995 A P P E N D I X c: Sisterhood Presidents, 1921-1993

446

448

A P P E N D I X D: Men's Association Presidents, 1949-1994

449

A P P E N D I X E: Junior Congregation Presidents, 1928-1976 450

445

CONTENTS APPENDIX F:

Congregants Who Lost Their Lives in War 451 A P P E N D I X G:

Congregational Officers and Members of the Order of the British Empire, the Order of Canada, and the Ordre National du Quebec 452, A P P E N D I X H:

Simchat Torah Honourees, 5716-5760 453 A P P E N D I X i: Sisterhood Torah Fund Honourees 1963-1994 454 ILLUSTRATION CREDITS INDEX

457

455

IX

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Illustrations The Shuchat family xxiv Rev. Dr Abraham de Sola, rabbi of the Spanish and Portuguese Congregation 11 Dr Aaron Hart David, dean of medicine at Bishop's University John E. Moss

15

18

Marcus Ollendorf, first president of the English, German and Polish Congregation 20 The synagogue of the English, German and Polish Congregation on St Constant Street (interior) 22 The synagogue of the English, German and Polish Congregation on St Constant Street (exterior) 23 Louis Rubenstein, world champion figure skater and later a Montreal alderman 31 The first building of the Baron de Hirsch Institute

32

The synagogue of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim on McGill College Avenue (exterior) 41 The synagogue of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim on McGill College Avenue (interior) 44 Rev. Dr Herman Abramowitz, rabbi of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim 50 Samuel William Jacobs, KG, distinguished lawyer and member of Parliament 63 Five Montreal officers photographed in Brighton, England, in the fall of 1918 74 The Jewish Reinforcement Draft Company of Montreal

76

Lazarus Cohen, president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim, 1896-1901 and 1907-14 78

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ILLUSTRATIONS

Trowel used by Lyon Cohen at the laying of the cornerstone of the new synagogue in 192.1 83 Plaque recording the dedication of the new synagogue in 192,2

84

Interior of the new synagogue at Kensington and Cote St-Antoine

86

Stained-glass window containing the name "Shaar Hashomayim"

86

Annie (Mrs Samuel) Saxe, first president of the Women's Auxiliary, 1921-24 104 Lyon Cohen, president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim, 1904-07 and 1914-32 109 Funeral cortege for Samuel William Jacobs in 1938 Wedding at Shaar Hashomayim, June 1936

113

121

Rabbi Wilfred Shuchat holds the memorial book of Shaar Hashomayim 123 The memorial book of Shaar Hashomayim

123

Monuments in the Shaar Hashomayim cemetery

125

Myrtle (Mrs Edward) Solomon, president of the Women's Auxiliary, 1934-48 126 A table setting from the Jewish Home Beautiful

127

F. Victor Elkin, Rosetta Elkin, Rabbi Samuel Cass, Annabel Goldfine Cass, and Isaac Kert 133 In honour of those who served King and country

138

The dinner held on the occasion of the centennial of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim 144 The rededication service in honour of the centennial of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim 146 Rabbi Dr Herman Abramowitz

149

Organizers of the campaign for the Mount Sinai Sanatorium Plaque dedicating the new school building to the memory of Rabbi Herman Abramowitz 172 Entrance to the Rabbi Herman Abramowitz Building 173 Men's Association retreat in St Donat, Quebec, during the 19505 180

163

ILLUSTRATIONS

The Shabbat Shirah service of 1959 A Purimspiel of the 19505

184

185

Sukkah at the home of Mr and Mrs B. Issenman

195

The tablecloth prepared as a special project by the Women's Auxiliary 196 Mr Justice Harry Batshaw, KC 200 Rabbi Wilfred Shuchat, on behalf of the Women's Auxiliary, presenting tokens of affection and esteem to Mrs Archie Jacobs and Miss Gertrude Davis 221 Tobias (Tevye) Glickman, parnass of Shaar Hashomayim A Leaders Training Fellowship graduation A b'not mitzvah class

223

235

237

Allan Bronfman and Rabbi Pinchas Peli at an Allan Bronfman Lecture 242 The Progress through Expansion meeting Construction on the extension begins

246

257

Allan and Lucy Bronfman and Benjamin Herson after the unveiling of the plaque dedicating the Library-Museum building to the Bronfmans 261 Rabbi Charles Bender presents a Kol Bo prayer book to the LibraryMuseum 262 Samuel Lerner, educational leader at the Shaar

266

Rabbi Dr Louis Finkelstein and Rabbi Wilfred Shuchat at the convocation of the Jewish Theological Seminary held at the Shaar 283 Rt Hon. Roland Michener making a presentation to Moe Kirsch, national president of the Canadian Red Cross Society 284 The 125th anniversary dinner at Shaar Hashomayim

285

Esther (Mrs Jacob) Elkin, the first woman to be honoured as eshet chayil 290 Professor Rene Cassin visits the Library-Museum

291

Scoutmaster Moses O. Kirsch and Girl Guide Captain Ruth Salomon Kirsch 292

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XIV

ILLUSTRATIONS

Jules Roos, parnass of Shaar Hashomayim Shaar Youth puts on a play

301

Cooking for the Meals on Wheels program Sam and Saidye Bronfman

298 305

311

Allan Bronfman 312 Rabbi Herbert J. Mandl, assistant rabbi at Shaar Hashomayim, 1970-77 314 Hanukkah menorah presented to the city of Westmount

316

Yechiel Glustein, principal of the congregational schools

3 20

Cantor Nathan Mendelson

322

Hanukkah menorah presented to the Shaar by the Rudnikoff family 3 24 The Hazzan Nathan Mendelson Music Foundation

325

Storytelling in the library 3 26 Library-Museum curator Terry Lightman and Rabbi Wilfred Shuchat 3 27 The Pavilion of Judaism at Expo '67

348

Mayor Jean Drapeau, Rabbi Wilfred Shuchat, Rabbi S.M. Zambrowksy, Rabbi HJ. Stern, and Sam Steinberg 350 Plaque commemorating the association of Shaar Hashomayim and Mossad Heschel in the Shabbat Yachad project 356 Jack Shacter presents a Torah to Dr Pinchas Peli

3 60

Rabbi Daniel Elkin, educational director at the Shaar 374 Rev. Herman Muller, Mena Glustein, and Yechiel Glustein with a bar/bat mitzvah group 375 Mildred B. Lande, CM, president of the Shaar, with Chancellor Gerson Cohen 386 Rabbi Bernard Leffell, Shimon Peres, Charles Bronfman, and Rabbi Shuchat at Shaar Hashomayim during Peres's visit to the congregation 387 Lazarus Phillips

389

I L L U S T R A T I O N S XV

Rabbi Robert Sutnick, assistant rabbi at the Shaar, 1981-84 Rabbi Allan Nadler

392

392.

Cantor Sidney S. Dworkin

394

Stephen Glass, the Shaar's director of music 395 Rev. David L. Woolfson

398

The first Sisterhood tapestry

400

The second tapestry sponsored by the Sisterhood

400

Rabbi Shuchat with the scrolls 402 The 145th anniversary concert in 1991 404 Past presidents of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim, Rabbi Wilfred Shuchat, and Miriam Shuchat at Rabbi Ira Samuel Grussgott's installation 418 Dr Norman Lamm, president of Yeshiva University, Mrs Lamm, and members of the Shapiro family 421 Fourteen Torah covers needlepointed by members of the Shaar Sisterhood 424 Sheila Finestone, MP, Minnie Abbey, Clarence Schneiderman, Sylvia Schneiderman, Rabbi Wilfred Shuchat, and Bernard J. Finestone, CD, cdec, during the i5Oth anniversary 426 The Shaar Hashomayim coat of arms

426

Presentation of the Shaar Hashomayim coat of arms by Governor General Romeo LeBlanc 427 The i5Oth anniversary concert in 1995 Congregation presidents 446

429

DONOR

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Bloomfield Schachter families Edward and Marsha Bronfman Stephen Rosner Bronfman Bernice and Morton Brownstein Gerald Brownstein Natalie and Harold Brownstein Michael and Maureen Cape June and Morris Chaikelson Edgar and Ruth Cohen The Cummings family Phyllis and Moses Deitcher Joyce and Myer Deitcher The Eltes family Geoffrey J. Gelber Nahum and Sheila Gelber Morris and Rosalind Goodman Peggy and Melvin Greenberg Mel and Elaine Hershenfield Mary Shapiro Kantor Frances and Gerald Kessner Milly and Bernard Lande Esther and Andre Landsman Joan and Lester Lazarus Boris and Gertrude Levine Irene and Stephen Lipper Beatrice Cummings Mayers Paperman Family Dianne and Myer Richler Ian and Rhonda Rudnikoff Bernice and the late David Schneiderman Sylvia Friendly Schneiderman Helen Steinberg The William Victor Family

Foreword [Rabbi Akiva] used to say: ... 'and the Pinkas (the "ledger") is open, and the hand writes; ... and the judgment is a judgment of truth'. Pirkei Avoth, 3:zo At Giv'on the Lord appeared to Solomon in a dream by night; and God said, 'Ask, what shall I grant you?'. ... [And Solomon answered]: 'Grant, then, Your servant an understanding mind ("lev shomeah") to judge Your people, ... for who can judge this great people of Yours?'. i Kings 3:5,9

On the occasion of the i5oth anniversary of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim, Mildred Lande, who was our first female president, placed before the Executive her dream of a written history of the Synagogue. Milly has an amazing capacity to turn dreams into reality. She convinced Rabbi Wilfred Shuchat, our spiritual leader since 1946, to take on the Herculean task of combing our archives and his memory to produce our history. The writing of a historical account is an act of judgment because it involves eliciting truth and meaning from a welter of events, information, and ideas. The "heart that listens" to the sounds of the past not only discerns patterns of meaning but also imparts significance, thereby adding to the account a positive dimension that inspires and shows the way. While the Pinkas serves as the register of events and information recorded therein as they occur in the life of a communal institution, the evaluation of its contents against the backdrop of the parallel development of the wider community constitutes the history of the institution. Rabbi Shuchat's history of the Shaar Hashomayim is even more than an evaluation of the entries in the Pinkas of the Congregation; it should also be recognized to be a message addressed to the community at large, one which warns and inspires and declares that even one individual can make a difference. The distinguished historian E.H. Carr wrote: "When we take up a work of history, our first concern should be not with the facts which it contains but with the historian who wrote it."

XV111 F O R E W O R D

The Shaar is exceptionally privileged in that its historian has also been its esteemed Rabbinical leader for one-third of its existence. The history you are about to read is informed by the experience and wisdom gathered by Rabbi Shuchat through his intense and sustained participation in activities that span the entire Jewish spectrum. It is a "judgment of truth" by a communal and spiritual mentor distinguished in his lev shomeah. As president of the Congregation during a turbulent time in our history, I had the good fortune to have at my disposal an early draft of Rabbi Shuchat's work. On many occasions I consulted the history both for inspiration and for solace and found both within its pages. "Anybody can make history," wrote Oscar Wilde; "only a great man can write it." May Rabbi Shuchat be blessed with physical and intellectual vigour ad meah v'esrim to continue his creative and most welcome involvement in the unfolding destiny of our Congregation. June Chaikelson, PhD President, Congregation Shaar Hashomayim 10 November 1999

Foreword History, in retelling the past, can tell us so much about who we are. Traditionally, history focuses on political history, whether we are referring to the kinds, queens, wars, and prime ministers of the high school curriculum or to the more complex models discussed in university classrooms. Institutional history, especially the institutional history of nongovernmental institutions, is generally and sadly neglected. This neglect impoverishes not only our knowledge but also our understanding of ourselves from a sociological, religious, and/or other point of view. Further, history is becoming more and more the almost exclusive province of academic historians. This phenomenon has its advantages, for full-time academic historians can often bring to their subject the full array of methodological tools, knowledge, and professional insights that accumulate in the course of years of careful work and study. On the other hand, there is clearly an important place for the informed, engaged, but non-academic historian whose own particular background and insights can often illuminate an area in quite wonderful ways not open to the university professor of history. In this book, devoted to the history of the Shaar Hashomayim, a particular Montreal congregation in the particular Montreal Jewish community, we have the advantages of both an institutional history and an informed but not academic historian. The result is indeed illuminating. Reaching back primarily into the nineteenth century - the Congregation Shaar Hashomayim was founded in 1846 - Rabbi Shuchat deals primarily with a wide range of details concerning the development of the congregation itself. Within these pages the reader will find, for example, many fascinating vignettes with respect to the congregation's clergy and lay leadership and many lively accounts of developments and controversies within the congregation - whether with respect to religious observance or with respect to other matters of serious Jewish concern, such as education, Diaspora life, and Israel. In many interesting ways, the chapters of this book can also be appreciated as notes for an autobiography. Certainly, Rabbi Shuchat's comments on the past and the story of his own role during the generations

XX F O R E W O R D

of his rabbinate at the Shaar Hashomayim are in themselves intriguing for those interested in the role of a congregational rabbi and the relationship between a rabbi and the lay congregation. The author, however, also manages to deal with the broader context within which this Montreal congregation found itself. This contextual material focuses primarily on changing developments (institutional and other) within the wider Montreal Jewish community, but it also broadens to include more general issues both with respect to other Jewish communities and with respect to issues affecting the entire community of which the Congregation Shaar Hashomayim was (and is) a part. The Shaar Hashomayim - or at least its leadership - sees itself as embedded in what may be referred to as "traditional" Judaism, and it is clear from Rabbi Shuchat's account that much energy and imagination - to say nothing of blood, sweat, and tears - has been expended to creatively nurture this tradition. The history provided in these pages, however, is in fact a stunning illustration of how much, over time, tradition can change as it adapts to changes in the world around it while still determined to retain what is understood as absolutely fundamental. All of this may well be of interest to many readers. Members of the congregation itself should also enjoy seeing themselves and their fellow congregants reflected in the multi-generational mirror that this history provides. Finally, as with all histories, this story of the Shaar Hashomayim can provide a very welcome balance to our tendency to overstate the importance of our current concerns. Others have often been there before, and despite many predictions to the contrary, the congregation has apparently always found a way to move forward. Dr Bernard Shapiro

Preface This historical sketch of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim covers over 150 years of its existence. Written by our rabbi emeritus, Dr Wilfred Shuchat, it recounts the beginnings of Montreal Jewry as it parallels our own history. The synagogue began as a small congregation on St James Street. It was called the English-German-Polish Congregation when located on St Constant Street. From there it moved to McGill College Avenue and took its current name of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim. Its final location was on Cote St-Antoine Road in Westmount. As our history unfolds, we follow Rabbi Shuchat through the many groundbreaking accomplishments of the years leading up to and beyond the i5Oth anniversary. Rabbi Shuchat is the most appropriate person to link the past to the present, and we thank him for answering the call. His long years of devotion to this congregation, coupled with his innate wisdom and judgment, make him the ideal interpreter of the congregation's history. This book includes a multitude of black and white photographs to enhance the authenticity and the feel that you will have of times gone by. After reading it, you will have a better understanding of what Shaar Hashomayim represents, and you will be reminded of the many "historyin-the-making" years. Everyone who reads this book will derive something different from it. We hope that it will become a keepsake for our congregants as it encompasses the past and the present and even offers a glimpse into the future of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim. Rosetta Elkin and the Editorial Board

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Acknowledgments There are a number of individuals who at different times, helped to steer this history to a successful conclusion. I want to begin by thanking Milly Lande, whose persuasive powers motivated me to undertake this project despite my many reservations. I also want to thank the two presidents of Shaar Hashomayim who were involved in this project Michael Cape, who authorized its beginning, and Dr June Chaikelson, who approved its publication. I was very much blessed with the chairman of the Editorial Committee, Rosetta Elkin, whose team of Tamara Greenberg, Janice Steinberg, and Anita Levine Becker was available to confront every crisis, big or small. Rosetta was responsible for many of the interesting discoveries in our research, such as the interior and exterior design of the St Constant Street synagogue and the retrieval of the trowels used by David Moss in 1859 and John Moss in 1885. I acknowledge the input of Cathy Rabinovitch, who was so very helpful in amassing the photographic materials and many other aspects of the editorial work. I also acknowledge the generous co-operation of so many in the congregation who sent me family memorabilia or items of interest to the Shaar Hashomayim story. I apologize for the fact that I could not include all of their material, but I personally learned a great deal from them. I would express my very deep gratitude to Colleen Grey, who edited the first half of the manuscript, and to my youthful friend Monty Berger, who came out of retirement and undertook to see the manuscript through to completion. He and his daughter Joy were indispensable to this undertaking. My deep appreciation to Elizabeth Hulse, copy editor, for her meticulous care in preparing the final manuscript. My thanks also to Judith Schreiber, the Shaar executive director, and her staff, in particular Diane Ossof, the rabbinical secretary, for their helpfulness at all times. In addition, I had to have somebody who not only knew the congregation intimately but had the ability to remember both the agonies and the ecstasies of Shaar Hashomayim life. In this respect I singled out Dr Charles Solomon, who, though stationed in Israel, read every word of the manuscript with tender loving care and with the required

XXIV

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Shuchat family: (standing) Rabbi Dr Bernard Raphael Shuchat, Rabbi Wilfred Shuchat, Miriam Shuchat, Rabbi Yaacov Schwartz, Joshua Landes, (seated) Margola Shuchat, Elizabeth Shuchat Schwartz of blessed memory, Bryna Shuchat Landes; taken at Elizabeth's wedding

criticism, for which I thank him very much. My very special thanks to Dr Bernard Shapiro, principal of McGill University, who grew up in Shaar Hashomayim, for agreeing to write the foreword to this volume. Congregation Shaar Hashomayim has been the setting for whatever creative energy and Torah outreach I possess. I wanted very much to do justice to this most remarkable and unusual synagogue. At the same time I was worried that I might not have the objectivity that such a volume deserved. I have tried very hard to keep the word "I" at a minimum, and sometimes I have succeeded. I extend my deepest love to my dear wife, Miriam, and our children. All of our lives have been touched in a very special way by Shaar Hashomayim, and in many ways it has been for us a "Gate of Heaven." I thank the Holy One Blessed be He for the privilege of presiding over this House of God for over half a century and now for the equally great privilege of writing its story. Wilfred Shuchat

The Gate of Heaven

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CHAPTER ONE

The Early Days of Montreal Jewry

The story of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim must be related to the origins of Montreal Jewry; the two are historically intertwined. The evolution of the Jewish community in Montreal was shaped by provincial, national, and world events. Two distinct waves of European influence marked the early settling of Canada, one from France and the other from Britain. Without doubt, there were Jews among the French entourage that accompanied the rulers of New France until the fall of Quebec in 1763. Their influence, however, was very fleeting and, in terms of Canadian Jewish history, of no direct consequence. With the decline of French political influence in North America, these Jews either returned to France or left Canada for elsewhere. It is with the second wave of influence that Canadian Jewry can be said to have started. The first Jews to arrive with the British armies were not soldiers, since they had not yet acquired the right to die for their country. They were businessmen, merchants, and peddlers who supplied the army with many of its provisions. These Jews were neither settlers nor political immigrants. Most of them had left their families behind - many were single men, fortune-seekers who hoped to return home with their new-found wealth. However, with the end of the Seven Years War and the British victory, they soon recognized the remarkable economic opportunities in the New World, along with the relative political freedom. Instead of returning home, they sent for their families, beginning the long chain of Jewish immigration to Canada that continues to this day. Montreal held no special attraction for the early Jewish settlers Jewish names were to be found equally in Quebec City and Three Rivers. They were drawn to areas of settlement as a matter of chance or because of their sense of the potential of one area over another.

4

THE GATE OF H E A V E N

Quebec was the first important port on the St Lawrence River and the centre of the military establishment and the social elite of both English and French society. In the fifty years from 1760 to 1810, the newspapers there carried many Jewish names, among them Isaac Warden, a shopkeeper who later left for the West Indies; Samuel Jacobs, a merchant; Levy Simon, who operated a tea-house; John Franks, who ran a tavern and public hostelry and later became a well-known colonial figure; Eliezer Levy and Elias Solomon, merchants; and Henry Judah and Moses Pierce, traders. Many of these people and a good proportion of their families are rediscovered in the story of Montreal Jewry. The city soon became a secondary area of Jewish settlement. A number arrived first in Quebec or Mackinac or, at a later period, in small towns of Upper Canada (now Ontario). When they reached a decisive stage in the lives of their children, they moved to Montreal as a more permanent centre of Jewish development. Three Rivers is noted in early Canadian Jewish history as the place where Aaron Hart and his family settled. Hart can accurately be described as the first Jew to make Canada his home. He was one of the suppliers of provisions to the English army under General Jeffery Amherst, and he continued to supply the military establishment long after hostilities had ceased. He must have done very well financially, considering that in May 1795 he purchased the seigneury of Becancour, a tremendous estate in the county of Buckinghamshire near Three Rivers. By 1799 the following Jewish names were known in Three Rivers: Alexander Hart, B.A. Jacobs, B. Lyons, Moses Hart, Ezekiel Hart, and J.B. Jacobs. As a point of interest, when Moses Hart announced his retirement from business in 1831 in order to move with his family to Montreal, he advertised the sale of his property, which included a malt house. The family was evidently not only selling beer but making it. Who were the first Jews to settle in Montreal? Since there are no official immigration records, the only sources are newspaper accounts and the archives of business, religious, and social bodies. The earliest newspaper reference to Jews is found in the issue of the Quebec Gazette for 15 November 1764. There, among a list of British merchants and traders in Montreal, are the names of Gershom Levy, Ezekiel Solomons, and Phillip Joseph. In actual fact, these men resided in Quebec City, though they had important business connections with Montreal. The name of Lazarus David stands out as a first in this period. His descendants were destined to play a role second to none in the emergence of the Montreal Jewish community in the nineteenth century. David was among those suppliers who had accompanied the British army to North America. By 1768 his general store was well established.

THE E A R L Y DAYS OF M O N T R E A L J E W R Y

After his passing on 19 December 1776, his business was carried on by his wife, Phoebe, its guiding hand even during his lifetime. At her death nine years later on 15 November 1785, her sons, David David and Samuel David, carried on the family interests and increased their own fortunes. The brothers diversified their business interests as well. Though they were joint trustees of their late parents' estate and business, each carried on separate activities. Both were engaged in trade and real estate, prominently advertised in the newspapers of the day. They also seem to have taken on some quasi-legal functions. In an advertisement which appeared on 13 June 1797 over the name of Samuel David, we find the following notice: "The subscriber [Samuel David] being duly appointed attorney of Mrs. Charlotte Dennis is requesting all who may have demands upon the said estate to make payment otherwise their notes and bonds will be put into the hands of an attorney." Since it is highly unlikely that any Jew could have been an attorney-at-law in Montreal at the time, the reference must have been to "power of attorney." It is nonetheless an indication of the extent to which the brothers had integrated into the economic life of the community. A notice on 6 November 1806 indicates that David David acted in a similar legal capacity. He maintained a strong Jewish identification throughout his life. In fact, his property was to become the first Jewish cemetery in Canada. It is interesting to note the number of Jews who were in the liquor business. John Franks, mentioned earlier, must have moved from Quebec at this time, for the diary of a young Englishman contains the following entry for Saturday, 4 June 1755: "At 3 o'clock Mr. King and I set off in his caleche to dine at the Bachelor's Club at Vauxhall kept by John Franks, a Jew, about a mile from town." (This property, later called Beaver Hall, was purchased by Joseph Frobisher from Franks in 1792..) Mention is also made of Joseph Myers, who appears in the list of those from whom duties were collected on spirit liquors in 1765, and of Simon Levy, who in 1769 was among those granted a licence "to keep a public house or to sell liquor by retail to be drunk out of their houses." Levy Solomon first appeared on the Montreal scene about 1787 as a manufacturer of starch, hair powder, snuff, tobacco, and other luxuries. His advertisements are among the most interesting in the newspapers of this period. After his passing in 1792, his business was carried on by his son. By the third generation, however, the family had migrated to the American colonies via New York. Among leading Jewish families in Montreal at this time were the Judahs. Samuel, Uriel, and J. Judah were among the city's most prominent

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6

THE GATE OF H E A V E N

merchants. Hyam Myers was a frequent advertiser in the newspapers of the period, and Lyon Jonas, a furrier on St Paul Street, was equally present in the press. (St Paul Street would remain, for the next two centuries, the fur district of Montreal.) Michael Myers is also mentioned as a property owner and merchant. Other Montreal Jews active at the time included Solomon Myers, Leonard Myer, Myer Michaels, Jonathan Myers, Andrew Hays, Levi Michaels, Myer Solomon, Jonathan Hart, and Isaac Abraham. The climate of Montreal in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries reflected the considerable influence of the American colonies, as the United States was known before the American Revolution. This influence was both economic and social. It was economic because the Jews in Montreal could never be certain where their best interests lay. Would it be better to rely on the principles of British justice, despite the small numbers of Jews in Montreal and environs? Or would it be more advisable to risk a new society in the soon-to-be independent colonies, with the knowledge that at least one would be joining a larger Jewish community centred around New York City? At the start of the revolution in 1776, with the departure of members of the Judah, Franks, and Solomon families, the number of Jews in Montreal could be counted on one hand. The social influence of the American colonies was not always for the better. This fact can be gleaned from the practice of slavery, from which the Jews of Montreal and Quebec City were not entirely exempt, as evidenced in an item which appeared in the 14 July 1768 edition of La Gazette de Quebec: "Run away on nth instant, a mulatto man name Will, the property of Eleazar Levy. He is much known in Canada. He speaks French, English and Spanish. All masters of ships or others are hereby cautioned against conveying or assisting him to get off. Any person that will return him to the house of his master, or give intelligence that will be the means of his being taken, shall receive four dollars reward and all charges paid by ... Sarah Levy." A similar advertisement about a Negro girl, also a runaway slave, appeared over the signature of Isaac Warden. (It should not be imagined that the Jews of this time practised slavery more than others did; the practice was rare among Jews, but it did exist). F R O M I N D I V I D U A L S TO A C O M M U N I T Y

The American colonies also had a tremendous impact on the inner spiritual life of Montreal Jewry. The early Jewish settlers came to the New World as individuals. At which point did they become a community? What was the nature of their inner life? The history of individual Jews in Canada can be traced back to 1759, but the official beginning of

T H E E A R L Y DAYS O F M O N T R E A L J E W R Y

communal life was in 1768, the date that Shearith Israel, the Spanish and Portuguese Congregation, was organized. From its founding we can speak of a Montreal Jewish community and a corporate Jewish public life. Very little is known about the early beginnings of the Spanish and Portuguese Congregation. The earliest minutes, to be found in the National Library of Canada, date to 1778 (5538). There we read that Levy Solomon was parnass and Uriah Judah gabai. The trustees also included Samuel Jacobs, Andrew Hays, David David, Samuel David, and others whose names are not clearly legible. The following year, more names can be found on a campaign list: Sam Judah, Levy Michaels, Ezekiel Solomon, Barnett Lyon, Jacob Cohen, Simon Levy, A. Franks, Fein Gines, Isaac Judah, Myer Michaels, Simon Levy, and J. Franks. From its earliest days, the Spanish and Portuguese Congregation had its own premises. Though modestly equipped, they were used for the High Holidays and for special occasions during the year when a minyan (the quorum of ten adult males which is a requirement for public prayer in the Jewish faith) was obtainable. In a diary published under the title Quebec to Carolina in 1785-1786 and subtitled Being the Travel Diary and Observations of Robert Hunter, Jr., a Young Merchant of London (edited by Louis B. Wright and Marion Tinling and published by the Huntington Library of San Marino, California in 1943), we ^m 434 Altman, Alexander, 239-40 Amdursky (cantor), 116 Amherst, Jeffrey, 4 Amit, Zalman, 209 Amzallag, Salomon, 401 Ansell, David Abraham, 13. 35, 55, 66,79,446 Antel, Jack, 230 Antel, (Mrs) Jack, 230 Anthony, I.M., 445 Anthony, James, 44 5 Anthony, L., 445 Anti-Defamation League, 164 Arbeiter Ring See Jewish Workman's Circle Arbess, Celia, 304 Aronoff, Fanny (Mrs William), 197, 448, 453-54 Aronoff, I. Edward, 217, 450 Aronovitch, Harry, 201 Art and Aesthetics Committee, 388 Arzt, Max, 143, 181, 183 Ascher, Jacob G., 29 Asner, Esther, 128

Aspler, Charles, 253 Associated Jewish Day Schools, 97 Association de la Communaute Sepharade, 158 At Home Institute, 181 Auerbach, Bryant, 450 Auerbach, Hyman, 363 Bacal, Harry, 191, 452 Backman, Murray, 229 Backman, (Mrs) Murray, 229 Backman, Stanley, 230 Baittle, Brahm, 136, 450 Baittle, Horace D., 134, 136, 138,451 Baker, Roger, 201 Ballon, David H., 201 Ballon, Ellen, 69, 184-85 Ballon, Gertrude (Mrs Harry C.), 225, 246 Ballon, Harry C.: contributions to community, 202; financial committee, 277; honours, 453; Junior Congregation, 216; Men's Association, 149, 179-80, 449; music committees, 185, 222; pictures, 246, 257, 447; as president, 245, 248, 256, 260, 263, 267, 447; Shaar anniversaries, 206; study groups, 225 Ballon, Isidore, 181, 184-86 Ballon, S., 84 Ballon, Samuel, 450 Bar Levav, David, 358, 360 Bard, Samuel S., 201 Barer, Aime, 226 Barer, (Mrs) Aime, 226 Barkoff, Ed, 202 Barman, S., 84

Baron, Rabbi Leib, 157, 177, 227, 231 Baron, Murray, 450 Baron, Salo W, 240 Baron de Hirsch Institute: under Ansell, 79; building issues, 32, 66, 161; chaplaincy work, 335; contribution of Cohen, no; education issues, 14,91-93, 105; founded, 31-32; Hebrew Ladies Sewing Circle, 107; immigrant aid, 3Z-33, 65 Barza, Evelyn (Mrs S.A.), 129,191 Batshaw, Harry, 100, I2O,

179, 200,

309,453

2OO-2,

Batshaw, Lewis, 215 Batshaw, Manuel, 273, 287, 384, 421-22, 452--53 Batshaw Youth and Family Centres, 422 Becker, Hillel, 227, 229 Becker, Rabbi Lavy, 156, 226, 239, 344 Becker, (Mrs) Lavy, 156, 226 Becker, Mitzi, 227 Beilis, Mendel, 64-65 ben Gurion, Aryeh, 359 Ben-Gurion, David, 159 ben Tovim, Aryeh, 160 Benaim, Esther, 230 Bender, Rabbi Charles, 102, 122, 133, 189, 262, 262, 333-34 Benjamin (proposes merger), 27 Benjamin, A., 54-55 Benjamin, Goodman, 16 Benjamin, Harry, 201 Benjamin, Morton, 230 Benjamin, (Mrs) Morton, 230 Benjamin, Samuel, 10, 16

I N D E X 459 Benn, Philip, 149, 298 Bennett, Arnold, 332 Bennett, Joseph I., 388, 453 Bercovitch, Peter, 133 Bercovitch, Ralph, 179 Bercovitch, Stanley, 198 Berenson, Emilie, 396 Berger, Claire, 302, 431 Berger, Harvey, 219 Berger, Rabbi Julius, 107, 133, 189,333 Berger, Shirley, 187 Berkowitz, Saul, 245-46, 256 Berlin, Bernard, 177 Berlin, David, 191 Berliner, Edgar, 96 Bernfeld, Allan, 218-19 Bernstein, Abel, 44 Bernstein, Ben, 85, 146 Bernstein, David, 291 Bernstein, Florence, 220, 304 Bernstein, Florenz, 424 Berzan, Lilian, 304 Beth David, 34, 67 Beth Hamidrash, 199 BethHillel, 167 Beth Israel, 167 Beth Moshe, 167 Beth Rivka, 158 Beth Shlomo, 82 Beth Tikvah, 168 Beth Tzedec, 210 Beth Zion, 167 Beth-el, 167, 253, 411 Betnesky, David, 179, 453 Betty Rudnikoff Memorial Lecture, 323 Beurling, Buzz, 189 Beutel, Ben, 97, 253, 259, 285, 296-97 Beutei, Irwin, 230, 361, 453 Bialik School, 166 Biberfeld, H., 137, 239 Bilsky, Moses, 44 Bishin, Robert, 217

Bishop's University/ College, 15 Blackensee, C., 445 Blackensee, I., 445 Blank, Carole Prussin, 43i Blank, Harry, 421 Bloch, David, 396 Block, J. Benjamin, 340-41, 420, 422, 453 Block, Julius, 244 Block, (Mrs) Julius, 244 Block, Norma, 304 Bloom, L.S., 197 Bloom, (Mrs) L.S., 197 Bloom, Zev, 234-35 Bloomberg, Rose, 302 Bloomfield, A., 107 Bloomfield, Abraham, 58 Bloomfield, Baruch, 44, 57-58 Bloomfield, (Mrs) Baruch, 44, 58 Bloomfield, Bernard, 259, 281 Bloomfield, David, 58 Bloomfield, Harry, 5 8 Bloomfield, Jessie, 5 8 Bloomfield, Louis, 243, 2-53*2.85, 341 Bloomfield, Moses, 57-58 Bloomfield, Neri, 281,453 Bloomfield, Samuel, 58 Bloomstone, D., 102 Bloomstone, (Mrs) H., 126 Blumenthal, A., 70 Blumenthal, Joseph, 48-49 Blumenthal, Myer, 44 Blumenthal, (Mrs) Myer, 44 Blumer, Charles, 244 Blumer, (Mrs) Charles, 244 Blumer, David, 85 Blumer, Edna, 106 Blumer, Farla, 244, 279 Blumer, Nancy, 454

Blumer, Sylvia, 304, 315 B'nai Brith, 14, 33, 164 B'nai Jacob, 34, 67-68, 106, 167, 380 Board of Jewish Ministers of Greater Montreal, 333-39, 343-44, 35i, 366 Boas, B.A., 37, 43 Boidman, Dale, 407, 448 Boidman, Nathan, 230 Borenstein, Sylviane, 201 Bourassa, Robert, 317, 422 Brainin, Kay, 273 Brainin, Reuben, 69, 166 Brandes, David, 405 Braslavsky, S.G., 186 Bratt, Beverley, 230 Braverman, Rabbi Jay, 2-2.7, 2-94 Breslow, Enid, 215 Breslow, Jack S., 256, 453 Brodie, Betty, 304, 453 Bronfman, Abe, 86, 119, 175, 202, 313,453

212,

264,

Bronfman, (Mrs) Abe, 264 Bronfman, Allan: biography, 312-13; contributions to community, 175, 241-43; contributions to Shaar, 259-63, 316; honours, 201, 249, 309, 453; Men's Association, 179; pictures, 242, 261, 312 Bronfman, Andrea, 420 Bronfman, Charles, 3^7, 387,420,452 Bronfman, Diane, 226, 332 Bronfman, Edgar, 420-21 Bronfman, Edward, 243, 248, 260 Bronfman, Ekiel, 313-14 Bronfman, Gerald, 106, 2.i7,45°,453

460

INDEX

Bronfman, Harry, 106, 202., 264, 313 Bronfman, (Mrs) Harry, 264 Bronfman, Lucy (Mrs Allan), 2.60-61, 261, 263 Bronfman, Millie, 106 Bronfman, Mitchell, 2.15 Bronfman, Paul, 405 Bronfman, Peter, 2.2.6, 243, 2.48, 260, 326, 421,452 Bronfman, Saidye (Mrs Samuel), 128, 156, 263, 284, 311, 311-12,452 Bronfman, Samuel: biography, 310-11, 314; contributions to community, 132, 156, 201-2, 344; contributions to Shaar, 119, 248, 259; honours, 263, 309; pictures, 246, 311 Brotman, Maurice H., 449,453 Brott, Alexander, 396 Brott, Louise, 268 Brovender, Jack L., 138, 45 1 Brown, Fred, 163 Brown, Moses A., 183, 299,453 Brown, Sadie (Mrs M.A.), 182, 191, 195-97, 221, 3°4, 448,453 Brownstein, Gerald, 418, 419,447, 453 Brownstein, Morton, 33*,453 Brownstein family, 156 Bruker, Nathan, 287 Bruker, Rhoda, 304 Buber, Martin, 214, 241 Burg, Herbert, 136 Caldwell, Professor, 70

Cameron, Kirk, 114 Camp B'nai Brith, 164, 181, 406 Camp Ramah, 209-11, 236, 369 Camp Winnebago, 210 Canadian Committee on Refugees, 140 Canadian Jewish Chronicle, 69 Canadian Jewish Congress: Archives Department, 132; contribution of Cohen, uo-n; education issues, 96; fights antiSemitism, 114; Hebrew Teachers Seminary, 164; Jewish Introduction Service, 366; museum loans, 328; Pavilion of Judaism, 343-44, 348; Religious Welfare Committee, 132, 151, 335-38, 3 64; Second World War survivors, 156-57; War Efforts Committee, 116, 129, 131-34, 137; War Orphans' Relief Project, 75; Yiddish Committee, 166 Cape, Michael, 215, 217, 329-30, 443, 447, 450 Cape, Ronald, 172, 198, 450 Cape, Victor, 179, 195 Caplan, Herbert, 453 Caplan, Joseph, 212, 453 Caplan, Mark, 230 Caplan, (Mrs) Mark, 230 Caplan, Ruth, 221 Caplansky, E., 198 Caplansky, Rev. L., 98, 117 Cardinal, Jean-Guy, 97, 250, 297 Cardon, Lois, 187 Caspi, Zvi, 362

Cass, Annabel Goldfine, *33,*33 Cass, Rabbi Samuel, 133, 133-34, 147, 180, 189-90, 214-15, 333, 335 Cassin, Rene, 25*1, 291 Castle, Brian, 137 Castle, Joseph, 137 Castle, (Mrs) Joseph, 137 Cayne, Jackie, 263 Cayne, Nathan, 236 Cemetery Perpetual Fund, 379 Chabad House, 158 Chagall, Marc, 203 Chaikelson, June (Mrs Morris), 230, 303, 443,453 Chaikelson, Morris, 218, 230, 321, 366,449 Chaki, Grace Aronoff, 432 Chaki, Yehuda, 399 Chapel Fund, 233 Chaplaincy Committee, 334-35 chattan braishith, 289, 453 chattan Torah, 289, 453 Chazin (cantor), 222 Chechik, Sidney, 450 Chevra Kadisha, 34, 67-68, 167 Children's Memorial Hospital, 105 Chomski, Claude, 329, 403 Chorney, Melvin, 129, 179, 202, 226, 229 Chorney, (Mrs) Melvin, 226 Chretien, Jean, 420 Clamen, Fred, 332 Clark, Ruth Leopold, 388 Cleman, Fred, 287, 453 Climan, Michael, 332 Climan, Zave, 453 Coan, Libby, 304 Cochenthaler, L, 445

INDEX

Cohen, A. Saul, 100 Cohen, A.Z., 96, 163 Cohen, Anne (Mrs Samuel S.), 156, 225 Cohen, Avraham Yitzchak, 231 Cohen, Benjamin, 73, 138,451 Cohen, Blanche, 187 Cohen, David, 315, 432., 450 Cohen, Diane, 406, 448 Cohen, Edgar, 197, 208, 226, 239 Cohen, (Mrs) Edgar, 197, 226 Cohen, Elaine, 273 Cohen, Elsa, 106 Cohen, Esther, 218 Cohen, Farla, 229, 448 Cohen, Frances, 106 Cohen, Rabbi Gerson, 240, 370, 3#6 Cohen, Harry, 197 Cohen, (Mrs) Harry, 197 Cohen, Hiram, 44 Cohen, (Mrs) Hiram, 44 Cohen, Horace R.: administrative issues, 124, 175, 182-83; biography, 388-89; building issues, 172, 245, 260; contributions to community, 134, 202; contributions to Shaar, 267; education issues, 253; honours, 296, 309, 452; Men's Association, 179; Michener's convocation, 284; pictures, 74, 447; as president, 143, 148, 170, 447; seminary campaign, 183; on Solomon's retirement, 293; tribute to Heillig, 206 Cohen, (Mrs) Horace R., 127

Cohen, Howard, 450 Cohen, I. (cantor), 73 Cohen, Rev. I., 98 Cohen, Jack, 403 Cohen, Jacob, 7,44, 55, 84 Cohen, (Mrs) Jacob, 44 Cohen, Joseph, 106, 231, M3, 313 Cohen, Lazarus: administrative issues, 54; biography, 77-79; death, 77, in; descendants, 66, 388; pictures, 44, 78, 446; as president, 47-48, 51, 57, 446; Zionism, 64 Cohen, (Mrs) Lazarus, 44 Cohen, Lazarus (youth), 136 Cohen, Leonard (d. 1948), 189 Cohen, Leonard (poet), 191, 192,239,421 Cohen, Lillian (Mrs Abraham), 221 Cohen, Lyon: administrative issues, 71; contributions to community, 33, 66, 69, 75, 89, 100, 113, 122, 150; contributions to Shaar, 81-85, 99, 101, 108-12, 109, 410; descendants, 388; education issues, 94-96; pictures, 44, 446; as president, 73, 79, in, 380, 446; visit of chief rabbi, 89 Cohen, (Mrs) Lyon, 61, 126-27, J 4^ Cohen, Rabbi M., 25 Cohen, Rabbi Maurice, 189, 239, 280, 333-35, 417

Cohen, Maxwell, 240 Cohen, Morrie, 229 Cohen, (Mrs) Morrie, 229

Cohen, Morty, 229 Cohen, (Mrs) Morty, 229 Cohen, Moshe, 157 Cohen, Myer, 176 Cohen, (Mrs) N.B., 127 Cohen, Nathan B., 73, 74 Cohen, Sir Robert Waley, 88 Cohen, S.E., 13 Cohen, Samuel S., 156, 225, 309, 449 Cohen, Saul, 315 Cohen, Sidney, 187 Cohen, Stephen, 273-75 Cohen, Sylvia (Mrs Sidney), 106, 209 Cohen, William, 358, 420,453 Colle, Morris, 67 Combined Jewish Appeal, 161,436-37 Committee for Israel Scholarships, 387-88 Committee on Kosher Meat Prices, 336 Constantin, Marion, 303 Cooper, Bernard, 227 Cooper, Estelle, 304 Cooper, Geoffrey, 302, 332,450 Cooper, Howard, 273 Cooper, Hyman, 231, 258 Cooper, Jane (Mrs Howard), 209 Cooper, Neil, 331 Cooper, Shirley, 227 Copnick, Ian, 217 Cornfield, G., 101 Council of Jewish Federations, 274, 434 Council of Orthodox Rabbis (Vaad Horabbonim), 377 Coviensky, (Mrs) Moses, 146 Cowan, Esther, 191 Craig, Sir James, 9 Crelinstein, Edward, 106 Croll, David, 180, 295

461

462

INDEX

Cummings, Allan, 288 Cummings, Bernice, 453-54 Cummings, Herbert Kellert, 288 Cummings, (Mrs) M., 127 Cummings, Marian, 187 Cummings, Maxwell, 257, 260, 279, 285, 287-88,419,424,452 Cummings, Nathan, 2-03-4, 2.59, 263, 279, 287-88 Cummings, (Mrs) Ralph, 196 Cummings, Robert, 187, 204 Cummings House, 161 Cutler, Phillip, 201 Dalfen, Ben Zion, 263 Dalfen, Murray, 406 Dandurand, Raoul, 114 Danziger, H., 445 David, Aaron Hart, 10, 15, 15-16, 18, 27 David, David, 5, 7, 15, 24 David, Lazarus, 4-5, 15 David, Phoebe, 5, 7 David, Samuel, 5, 7 Davidson, Justice, 92 Davis (Mrs; 1953), 221 Davis, Carol, 229 Davis, (Mrs) D., 126 Davis, Gertrude, 60, 221, 221 Davis, H., 446 Davis, J., 29 Davis, Joseph, 450 Davis, Mort, 229, 406 Davis, Sir Mortimer B., 13, 162 Davis, Rabbi Moshe, 142, 183, 240 Davis, S., 13-14 Dawson, William, 14 de Haas, Jacob, 64 Deitcher, Don, 217, 263, 450

Deitcher, Moses, 357 Deitcher, Myer, 226, 243, 403,423,430,453 Deitcher, (Mrs) Myer, 226 Deitcher, Roz, 273 Denburg, Rabbi Chaim, 189,333 Dennis, Charlotte, 5 Deskin, Beth, 187 de Sola, Rabbi Abraham, 10-15, **> 2.1, 27, 79,

91, 250

de Sola, Clarence, 64 de Sola, Rabbi David, 10 de Sola, Rabbi Meldola, 14, 16, 37, 48-49, 64, 69, 79-80, 412 De Sola Club, 339-42 de Sola Lodge, 14 Deutch, Abraham, 268 Diamond, Hy, 122 Diamond, John, 268 Diefenbaker, John, 337-38 Donalda, Pauline (Lightstone), 69 Dorsey, Louis M., 106, 179, 192 Drachman, Rabbi Bernard, 49 Drapeau, Jean, 317, 350, 351-52 Dreyfus, Alfred, 61-63 Drory, Rabbi, 359 Dubitsky, Rev. Joseph, 72, 117 Dubrovsky, Elaine, 230 Duplessis, Maurice, 201 Dupont, Major, 338 Dworkin, Rabbi Sidney, 376, 393-94, 394, 396,417,431 Eban, Abba, 243 Echenberg, Arnold, 387 Echenberg, Gordon, 387 Ecole Maimonide, 158 Edelstone, (Mrs) H., 126 Efros, Israel, 103

Eichler, Susan, 391 Eisen, Rabbi Jacob, 133 Eisenbach, Yechezkel, 3i5 Eisenberg, Azriel, 175-77, 2-4° Eisenstein, Ira, 240 Eklove, Debby, 273 Eliasoph, Milton, 245, 247 Eliasoph, Sybil, 448 Eliesen, Joe, 256, 277, 2-79, 453 Elizabeth, queen consort, 131 Elkin, Brahm, 229 Elkin, (Mrs) Brahm, 229 Elkin, Daniel, 230 Elkin, Rabbi Daniel, 295, 374,375,397,404, 431-32,443 Elkin, Esther (Mrs Jacob), 191, 289-90, 290,453 Elkin, F. Victor, 133, 179, 449 Elkin, Jacob, 85, 259 Elkin, Marilyn, 424 Elkin, Rosetta (Mrs F. Victor), 133, 191, 208, 328,416,448,453-54 Elkin, Seymour, 106 Elon, Menachem, 362 English, German and Polish Congregation: building issues, 19-27, 34, 38-41; death and mourning, 381-82; dissension, 27, 34-38; education, 14, 26, 91; founded, 17-19. See also Shaar Hashomayim Epstein, Louis, 103 Epstein, Seymour, 319, 331 Esar, Michael, 217, 230, 450 Esar, Rachel, 304 eshet chayil, 289-90, 453

INDEX

Evian Conference on Refugees, 154 Evin, Doris, 42.4 Evin, (Mrs) Harry, 304 Faerman, Oscar, 202 Fagen, Claire Berger, 431 Fainer, Lyon, 340 Fanaberia, Monica, 198 Farkas, George, 273 Farthing, Bishop John, 70 Feder, Avraham, 3 25 Federated Zionist Organization of Canada, 165 Federation CJA. See Allied Jewish Community Services (formerly Federation of Jewish Philanthropies) Federation of Jewish Philanthropies (later Allied Jewish Community Services), 129, 161 Federation of Polish Jews in Canada, 156-57 Feifer, Mark, 361, 449 Feifer, Sharron, 230, 325, 396 Feinberg, Joseph, 202 Feintuch, Al, 226, 239 Feintuch, (Mrs) Al, 226 Feldman, Arnold, 138, 45i Feldman, Moe, 158 Field, J.K., 362 Fieldman, David (youth), 198 Fieldman, Michael, 198 Figler, Bernard, 268 Fine, Burril, 450 Fineberg, Alec (Sigmund), 187,449 Fineberg, Leba (Mrs M.N.), 128, 238, 301, 453 Fineberg, M.N., 191 Finestone, (Mrs) Ab, 208 Finestone, Alan, 217, 450

Finestone, Bernard J., 136, 226, 229, 252, 417,42-5^426,427, 453 Finestone, (Mrs) Bernard J., 226, 282 Finestone, Max, 100, 172 Finestone, Peter, 263, 450 Finestone, Rita (Mrs B.J.), 365-66, 448, 453 Finestone, Rosa, 281 Finestone, Rosalie (Rose), 196,453 Finestone, Sheila, 307, 420, 426, 454 Finkel, Henry, 345 Finkelstein, Helen, 228 Finkelstein, Henry, 228 Finkelstein, Rabbi Louis, 103, 147, 151-52, 210, 2#3, 284-85

Finkelstein, Nat, 231 Finklestein, Suzanne, 191 Finnic (MP), 93 Finnic, Jerrold N., 292 Finnic, Trevor A., 292 Fischel, Walter, 240 Fish, Morris, 201 Fisher, Reuben, 245 Flanders, Arthur, 187 Flanders, Eric, 332 Flanders, (Mrs) Eric, 332 Flanders, Jack, 183 Flegg, Ethel, 228 Flegg, Simon, 228, 382, 453 Fleming, Mark, 391 Fleming, Raphael, 449 Fogle, (Mrs) B.H., 191 Fogle, Eleanor, 191 Forcimmer, E., 44 Forman, Rabbi Emanuel, 443,453 Foundation for Judaism, 344 Foundation School, 192 Fox, S., 84 Fox, Seymour, 323 Fraid, Dorothy, 106 Fraid, (Mrs) Louis, 126

Fraid, Nathan J., 85, 99-100 Frank, (Mrs) J., 128 Frank, J.N., 202 Frank, Rabbi Solomon, 189, 240, 338-39 Frankel, Merle, 304 Frankel, Pascal, 227 Frankel, Regina, 227 Franks, A., 7 Franks, J. (Montreal), 7 Franks, John (Quebec City), 4-5 Freedman, Barnett, 44 Freedman, Bertram, 106, 107 Freedman, Isidore, 73-74, 76 Freedman, (Mrs) L.K., 126 Freedman, Rebecca, 44 Freedman, S.O., 452 Freeman, Allan, 273 Freeman, Kalman, 44 Freeman, (Mrs) Kalman, 44 Freiman, (Mrs) Archie J., 75-76 Friday Evening Hour and Oneg Shabbat, 188, 217-19 Friedlander, Annie, 44 Friedlander, Rabbi Elias, 38-39,44,46-47, 52, 56-57 Friedlander, (Mrs) Elias, 44,47 Friedman (1876), 54 Friedman, Barbara, 191 Friedman, Charles, 146 Friedman, Charles L., 44 Friedman, David, 379 Friedman, (Mrs) David S., 61, 194 Friedman, David Solomon, 44, 55, 72, 84-85, 89, 124, 130, 194 Friedman, H.W., 86 Friedman, (Mrs) Ike, 61

463

464

INDEX

Friedman, (Mrs) L.K., 171 Friedman, N., 27 Friedman, (Mrs) Noah, 44 Friedman, Noel, 73 Friedman, Norman, 194, 292 Friedman, (Mrs) Ray, 44 Friedman, (Mrs) S.L., 61 Friedman, S.S., 32-33 Friedman, Trudy, 304 Friedman, Walter, 143-44. i7° Frobisher, Joseph, 5 Fromm, Rabbi Justin J., 118, 123, 137, 185, 193, 240, 268 Frymel, June Ortenberg, 432 Fuld, Stanley, 265 Fuller, Al, 432 Gaisin, Nathan, 449 Gaisin, Sadie, 448 Gallaman, Ethel, 239, 432 Gallay, Barbara, 227 Gallay, Ronald, 227 Galler, Lome, 431 Garber, Michael, 96 Garfinkle, Philip, 202 Garmaise, Arthur, 227 Garmaise, Gisela, 227 Gasco family, 352 Gate Players, 177 Gauze, Joseph, 227 Gauze, Monica, 227 Gavsie, Charles, 309, 344,452 Gavsie, William, 225 Gavsie, (Mrs) William, 225, 228-29 Geffen, Joel, 240 Gelber, David, 388 Gelber, Nahum, 227, 385,418,419,432, 447,453 Gelber, (Mrs) Nahum, 432

Gelber, Sheila, 227 Gelfand, Anne, 304 Gelfand, Brahm, 215 Gelfand, Lewis L., 179 Gelfand, Morrie, 452 Gelman, Rabbi Barry, 443 George vi, 131, 189 Gilbert, George Lyon, 139,45! Gilman, Burt, 329 Gilman, Carol, 230 Gilman, Rabbi Neil, 262-63 Gine, Fein, 7 Ginsberg, S., 84 Gisser, David, 217 Gisser, Hyman, 214 Gittleson, A.L., 84 Glass, Stephen, 395-5, 396,417,429-31 Glassberg, Jack, 139, 451 Glassman, Ann, 231 Glatzer, Nah'um, 181, 240 Glazer, Rabbi S., 64, 67, 70 Click, Srul, 396 Glickman, Bertram, 136, 139,45! Glickman, Buddy, 227 Glickman, M.J. (probably Moses J.), 84 Glickman, Moses J., 44 Glickman, Noel, 136 Glickman, Roslyn, 227 Glickman, Tillie, 73 Glickman, Tobias (Tevye), 84-85,95,99, 143, 211,222-23, 223, 2-31,453 Glustein, Mena (Mrs Yechiel), 238, 305, 315-16,319,375 Glustein, Yechiel: biography, 321; contributions to community, 315-16; honours, 385, 453; pictures, 320, 375; as

principal, 266, 286, 295; retirement, 375, 396-97; Shaar anniversaries, 432; as teacher, 192, 216, 2-34-35; Youth Theatre, 302 Godine, Frank M., 106, 179 Godine, Lionel H., 106 Godine, Maurice, 136 Godine, Nathan H., 177, 231 Gold, Allan B., 201 Gold, Lillian, 448 Gold, Norman, 197 Gold, (Mrs) Norman, 197 Gold, Rabbi Wolf, 102 Goldberg, Eric, 177, 208 Goldberg, Harvey, 215 Goldberg, J.J., 273 Goldberg, Lou, 273 Goldberg, Max, 95 Goldberg, (Mrs) Max, 44 Goldbloom, Alton, 179, 202, 3 0 9 , 4 2 2 , 4 5 3

Goldbloom, (Mrs) Alton, 129 Goldbloom, Michael, 422 Goldbloom, Victor, 136, 422 Golden, Harvey, 129, 132, 170-71, 174-76, 240, 287, 309, 453 Golden, Howard J., 236, 450 Golden, Reva (Mrs Harvey), 208-9 Golden Age Association, 161, 303-4 Golden Fund, 233 Goldenberg, Anne, 208 Goldenberg, Esther (m. Heller), 187-88 Goldenberg, H. Carl, 2-53, 2-95-96, 42-2., 452Goldenberg, Mark, 103, 106, 450 Goldfadden, Avraham, 167

INDEX

Goldfine, Annabel (m. Cass), 133 Goldfine, Rabbi Marvin, 103,450 Goldhammer, Mark, 2.18 Goldhammer, (Mrs) Mark, 218 Goldhar, Barney, 210 Goldin, Judah, 181, 2.10, 2.40 Goldlfine, Louis, 2.31 Goldman (musician), 118 Goldman, Nahum, 159, 311 Goldsmith, Marvin, 198, 218-19, 2.2.7* 32-9, 432,450,453 Goldsmith, (Mrs) Marvin, 227 Goldstein (founder of Temple Emanu-El), 35 Goldstein (possibly Adolph), 52 Goldstein, Adolph, 44 Goldstein, (Mrs) Adolph, 44 Goldstein, Edgar, 227 Goldstein, Fred, 245 Goldstein, Israel, 103 Goldstein, Maxwell, 85 Goldwater, Gitelle, 128 Golinkin, Noah, 140 Goodman, David, 183 Goodman, Martin Wise, 452 Goodman, Morris, 227, 32.9, 359, 376,453 Goodman, (Mrs) Morris, 2-2.7, 359 Goodman, Rosalind, 424, 430,453-54 Goodson, Jack, 187 Gordis, Rabbi Robert, 103, 151 Gordon, Barry, 292 Gordon, Eugene, 292 Gordon, Harry, 100 Gordon, Luba, 102, 192, 208, 218 Gordon, Nathan, 96

Gulko, Harris, 332 Gotlieb, Aryeh L., 443 Gulko, (Mrs) Harris, 332 Grabina, Bella, 233 Grabina, Yehuda, 128, Hadassah, 106-7, I2-9, 2.15.315 Grade, Chaim, 405 165, 190 Hahn, Jack, 140 Grant, Raymond, 227 Haimovitz, Matt, 403 Grayzel, Solomon, 103, Hakim, Leslie, 304 152, 206, 240 Green, Aaron, 342 Hakohen, Rabbi Menachem, 315 Greenberg, (Mrs; late Halberthal, L., 326, 346 i8oos), 44 Halberthal, (Mrs) L., Greenberg, Benjamin J., 326, 346 201 Halperin, Grace, 227 Greenberg, M., 107 Halperin, Irving J., 201, Greenberg, M. (probably 227 Moses), 54 Halpern, Debra Lynn, Greenberg, Moses, 44 302 Greenberg, (Mrs) Moses, Halpern, Gloria (Mrs 44 Norman), 228, 359, Greenberg, Nettye, 220, 304,453-54 448,453-54 Halpern, Jack, 217 Greenberg, Philip, 219, Halpern, Norman, 228, 227, 231, 292,453 Greenberg, Simon, 153, 2-31, 359, 36i,453 Harmon, Avraham, 160, 206-7 190 Greenberg, Tamara (Mrs Philip), 227, 231, 327 Harris (school monitor), Greenblatt, Judy, 198 73 Greenblatt, Michael, 207, Harris, Lenore, 230 Hart (of 18305), 42 220, 226, 281, 293, Hart, Aaron (first Jew 344 settled in Canada), 4, Greenblatt, (Mrs) Michael, 226 7-8,i5 Greenstein, Jack, 253, 449 Hart, Alexander, 4 Greenwood, Marion, 187 Hart, Allan J., 163 Gross, Joseph, 320, 393, Hart, Ariel Blake, 10 Hart, Benjamin, 8, 10, 18 401,403 Hart, Ezekiel, 4, 8-9 Grossman, Michael, 230 Hart, Frances (m. Grover, Hyman, 202 Schoyer), 8 Grover, Norman, 198 Hart, Gerald, 27 Grussgott, Rabbi Ira Hart, Jonathan, 6 Samuel, 404, 406, 416-19, 418,421, Hart, L.A., 14 Hart, Lewis, 44 423,425,443 Hart, Moses, 4 Grussgott, Miriam, 230 Guerin (cabinet minister), Hart, Samuel, 85, 100 Hart, Samuel B., 10 93 Hartman, Rabbi David, Guggenheim, Michael, 240, 253, 355 140, 193-94, 309-1°, Hartt, Maurice, 201 328, 332,453

465

466 I N D E X Hartt, Stanley H., 452 Harvey Golden Institute for Jewish Studies, 164 Hass, Rabbi (1859), 25 Hayes, M.J., 10 Hayes, Saul, 156, 226, 2-40, 335. 344-45, 348 Hayes, (Mrs) Saul, 226 Hays, Andrew, 6-7 Hays, Eleazar, 10 Hays, Moses J., 10 Hazzan Nathan Mendelson Music Foundation, 324-25, 396 Hebrew Academy, 250 Hebrew Afternoon School, 431 Hebrew Benevolent Society, 33 Hebrew Consumptive Aid Society, 162 Hebrew Free Loan Association, 66 Hebrew Free School, 13-14 Hebrew Ladies Benevolent Society, 29 Hebrew Ladies Sewing Circle, 107 Hebrew Orphans Home, 33, 89, 105, 119 Hebrew Sick Benefit Society, 33 Hebrew Teachers Seminary, 164, 176 Hecht, Thomas, 316 Heft, Charles, 300 Heifetz, Elie, 75 Heillig, Jeanette, 106 Heillig, K., 84 Heillig, Moses J.: building issues, 84, 260; contributions to community, 89; contributions to Shaar, 100, 126, 297, 313; education issues, 192; honours, 183; honours Mendelson, 222;

pictures, 257, 447; as president, 172, 179, 181, 206, 380,447 Helen and Sam Steinberg Lecture, 324 Heller, Esther Goldberg, 0_

00

I57~OO T

Heller, Leon, 228-29 Heller, (Mrs) Leon, 228 Heppner, Erik, 263 Herschorn, Rabbi S., 190 Herscovitch, Peter, 219 Hersh, Natalie, 304 Hersh, Nell, 304 Hershenfield, Mel Earl, 230,453 Hershenfield, (Mrs) Mel Earl, 230 Hershman, H., 75 Hershtal, Zev, 273 Herson, Benjamin: adult education, 178, 239; anniversaries of Shaar, 432; appointment, 192; contributions to Shaar, 218-19; picture, 261; resigns, 209, 266-67; study groups, 227, 229; Women's Institute, 208; youth education, 235 Herson, liana, 263 Hertz, Chief Rabbi Joseph, 88-89, I24, 152 Herzl, Theodore, 63-64, 102 Herzl Health facility, 156 Herzliah Secondary School, 97 Herzog, Yakov, 133 Heschel, Rabbi Abraham, 180-81, 240, 355 Heschel, (Mrs) Abraham, 355 Hill, Rabbi J. Edgar, 69-70 Hillel Foundation, 161, 164, 332 Himes, E., 21, 445

Hirsch, Jacob, 39, 44, 54-55, 79, 85,445 Hirsch, (Mrs) Jacob, 44, 59, 79, 85 Hirsch, M. (probably Marcus), 84 Hirsch, Marcus, 79 Hirsch, Baron Maurice de, 31-3 Hirsch, Michael, 44, 79, 146, 202-3, 410 Hirsch, (Mrs) Michael, 44 Hirsch, Robert, 79, 85 Hirsch, Sophia, 44, 221 Hirsch case, 94 Hirschsprung, Pinchos, 157 Hirsh, Vera, 230 Historical Society of Shaar Hashomayim, 267-68 Hitler, Adolph, 131 Hoenig, Richard, 403 Hoffer, Hedda, 304 Hoffnung, A., 21, 24, 33, 445 Hoffnung, Rabbi Samuel, 21-25, 445 Holstein, Louis, 44 Holstein, (Mrs) Louis, 44 Home Instruction Program, 101 home study groups, 225-31 Hopmeyer, Fanny, 304 Hopmeyer, Lyon, 230 Hopmeyer, (Mrs) Lyon, 230 Hornstein, Michael, 452 Horowitz, Aaron, 202 Horticultural and Agricultural Society, 10 Horwood, Claire, 304, 3*5 Hughes, Sir Sam, 73-74 Hungarian Jews, 67 Hunter, Robert, Jr, 7 Hyams, Brahm, 217, 219, 227

INDEX

Hyams, (Mrs) Brahm, 227 Hyson, Morton, 403 Ibn Shmuel (Yehudah Kaufman), icz, 166 Institute for Advanced Studies, 101 Isaacs, Rabbi S.M., Z3-Z4, 35 Issenman, Bernard, 197 Issenman, (Mrs) Bernard, i95> *97 Ivanier, Paul, 452. Ives, B. Hart, 10 Jackson, A.H., 56 Jacobs (Mrs; 1953), 221 Jacobs, Abraham, 35, 44 Jacobs, (Mrs) Abraham, 44 Jacobs, (Mrs) Archie, 44, 61, 104, 126, 221 Jacobs, (Mrs) B., 26 Jacobs, B.A., 4 Jacobs, (Mrs) David, 202 Jacobs, (Mrs) Harry, 44 Jacobs, Henry, 44 Jacobs, J.B., 4 Jacobs, Jack A., 72, 82, 84-85, 382 Jacobs, Lyon W., 179 Jacobs, M., 53 Jacobs, Mary, 44 Jacobs, Mary W., 44 Jacobs, Michael S., 139, 45i Jacobs, Peter, 325 Jacobs, Samuel, 4, 7 Jacobs, Samuel William, 62-63, 63> 84, 92-, no, 112-15, IJ 3» I5° Jacobs, Tina, 73 Jacobs, William, 44 Jacobs, (Mrs) William, 44 Janco, Edna, 231 Janner, Barnett, 102, 137 Janner, (Mrs) Barnett, 137 Janner, Greville, 137 Jewish Board of School Commissioners, 94-96

Jewish Chaplaincy Service, 132-34 Jewish Colonization Association, 32, no Jewish Community Council (Vaad Ho-ir), 67, 89, no, 122, 165, 336,376-77,410 Jewish Community Foundation, 366-67 Jewish Convalescent Hospital, 162 Jewish Education Council, 161 Jewish Family Service, 161 Jewish General Hospital, no, 129-30, 162, 175 Jewish Home Beautiful, 127-28 Jewish Hospital of Hope, 162 Jewish Immigrant Aid Society, 29-30, 155-56, 175 Jewish Introduction Service, 333, 364-67 Jewish Laurentian Fresh Air Camp, 129 Jewish Old People's Home, 162-63 Jewish People's Schools, 68, 96, 166-67, 25° Jewish Public Library, 161, 166 Jewish Rehabilitation Institute, 162 Jewish Reinforcement Draft Company, 73-75, 76-77 Jewish Relief Fund, 29, 33 Jewish Singles Registry, 368 Jewish Theological Seminary, New York: convocation of Michener, 283-85; funds, 294; honours Shaar members, 296;

long affiliation with Shaar, 39, 48-50, 143, 206, 412; Rabbi Herman Abramowitz Chair, 285-86, 369; Shuchat's campaign, 183-84; tension with Shaar, 369-71; youth delegations, 60, 171, 2-35 Jewish Times, 69, 113 Jewish War Relief Committee, 73 Jewish Workman's Circle (Arbeiter Ring), 166 Jews Relief Act, 9-10, 200,

317

Jonas, Lyon, 6 Joseffy, Rafael, 69 Josefowiz, Leila, 403 Joseph, Frances, 304 Joseph, Henry, 15 Joseph, Phillip, 4 Josephson, S., 226 Josephson, (Mrs) S., 226 Judah, Henry, 4, 10 Judah, Isaac, 7 Judah, J., 5 Judah, Samuel, 5, 7 Judah, Uriah, 7 Judah, Uriel, 5 Junior Congregation: 19305, 102-3, 107; 19405, 119, 136; 19505, 212; 19508-19708, 215-17; 19608, 236, 262-63; 19908,431; presidents, 450 Jutcovitch, Morris, 273 Kahn, O., 180-81 Kalman, Lawrence, 329, 332 Kalman, (Mrs) Lawrence, 332 Kalman, (Mrs) Maxwell, 226 Kalman, Maxwell M., 183, 210-12, 226, 245, 296, 340, 453

467

468 I N D E X Kanader Adler, Der, 69, 166 Kantor, Mary Shapiro, 404,421,453 Kaplan, Rabbi Bernard M., 49-51, 56, 58-59, 369,411 Kaplan, Harris, 450 Kaplan, Rabbi Mordecai M., 103, 151, 180, 2,40 Kaplan, Muriel (Mrs Sam), 192., 216-17, 330 Kapov-Kagan (cantor), 117 Karr, Bernard, 453 Kashrut Committee, 122, 376-78 Kasner, Mary, 304 Kassie, Humphrey, 218, 226 Kassie, Naomi (Mrs Humphrey), 226, 305, 307, 407, 448, 453 Katofsky, Lily, 307 Katz, Max, 230 Katz, (Mrs) Max, 230 Kauffman, Miriam, 107 Kaufler, Marcel, 214 Kaufman, David, 273 Kaufman, Fred, 201 Kaufman, Gordon, 328-29 Kaufman, Rabbi Harry, 377 Kaufman, Yehudah (Ibn Shmuel), 102, 166 Kauvar, Rabbi C. Hillel, 151 Kayser, Stephen, 346-47 Kazis, Rabbi Israel, 183 Kellert, Beckie, 127 Kellert, Frances, 244 Kellert, Harris, 44, 84 Kellert, (Mrs) Harris, 44 Kellert, Hattie, 127 Kellert, Jacob, 82, 84-85, 100, 129-30 Kellert, (Mrs) Jacob, 122, 127, 382

Kellert, Louis, 44 Kellert, (Mrs) Louis, 44 Kellert, Sol, 52, 57, 146, 175, 309 Kert, Isaac, 133, 181 Kert, S. Laddie, 179, 324, 325, 343-45. 396, 449,453 Kessler, Mordecai, 348 Kessner, Gerald, 321, 33i,377-78 King, Mackenzie, 115 Kirk, Max, 193-94, 310 Kirsch, Archie, 107, 292 Kirsch, Arthur, 450 Kirsch, Bunny, 307-8 Kirsch, David, 132, 202, 226, 259 Kirsch, (Mrs) David, 226 Kirsch, Harry, 191 Kirsch, Lionel A., 139, 451 Kirsch, Martin, 227 Kirsch, Moses O., 284, 25*2, 292 Kirsch, Rhoda, 227 Kirschberg, Leo, 106 Kirsh, Ruth Salomon, 292 Klag, Leo, 140 Klein, Aaron, 102-3 Klein, Abraham M., 102, 422 Klein, Ethel, 304 Klein, George, 332 Klein, (Mrs) Jack, 127, 129, 137 Klein, Jack A., 134, 137, 179, 202, 452 Klein, Robert, 302 Klepfish, Heshel, 399 Klians, Morrie, 328-29, 417,443 Klineberg, Jack, 179 Klineberg, Otto, 180, 422 Klineberg, Sophie, 73 Knights of Nordau, 103 Koffler, Carol, 230, 403, 406, 424, 448, 453-54

Koffler, Reuven, 292 Koffler, (Mrs) Reuven, 401 Kogan, Calvert, 229 Kogan, (Mrs) Calvert, 229 Kolber, Leo, 420-21 Kolber, Sandra, 452 Kolodny, Larry, 230 Kolodny, Susan, 230 Konowitz, I.M., 101-2, 151 Kook, Chief Rabbi Abraham Isaac Hakohen, 89-90 Korda, Steven, 230 Korda, (Mrs) Steven, 230 Kornbluth, Irving, 197 Kornbluth, (Mrs) Irving, 197 Kortosk, B., 35-37,445 Kortosk, Meyer, 21, 445 Kortosk, R., 445 Korzinstone, Dora, 367-68 Kotler, Rabbi Aharon, 157 Kotler, H., 230 Kotler, (Mrs) H., 230 Kramer, Rabbi Leib, 157-58 Kraminer, Ida, 304 Kraminer, (Mrs) J.I., 197 Kraminer, Jacob I., 90, 120, 177, 197, 231,

453 Kraminer, Mark, 219 Krasnow, Marvin, 227 Krasnow, (Mrs) Marvin, 227 Kremer, Herman, 229 Kremer, (Mrs) Herman, 229 Kremer, Richard, 230 Kremer, (Mrs) Richard, 230 Krentzman, Chet, 244, 279 Kroha, Lucy, 230 Kronitz, Leon, 281

INDEX

Krupnick, Rabbi, 377 Kuchinsky, Igor, 2.04, 345-46, 348 Kugelmass, Jack, 273 Kugler, Ari, 2.17 Kurland, Jerry, 292 Kussner, Sheila, 2.33, 422, 452 Kutner, A., 44 Kutner, (Mrs) (A.?), 44 Ladies Chevra Kadisha Society, 59-60, 72, 104, 126, 221, 221, 303, 380 Laks, Jacques, 228 Laks, Nella, 228 Lamm, Norman, 421 Lamm, (Mrs) Norman, 421 Lande, Bernard, 233, 424 Lande, Elsa, 454 Lande, Eric, 424 Lande, Harold, 106, 226 Lande, (Mrs) Harold, 226 Lande, Irene, 217, 448 Lande, Isaac, 86, 100 Lande, Jane, 424 Lande, Lawrence, 260, 452 Lande, Margot, 424 Lande, Mildred B.: biography, 419; contributions to Shaar, 202,

403, 423-24,

430; honours, 233, 385-86,452,453,454; pictures, 386, 418, 447; as president, 385-86,403,447; tribute to Shuchat, 417 Lande, Neil, 424 Lande, Ruth, 424 Landes, Bryna Shuchat, xxiv Landes, Joshua, xxiv Landman, Rabbi Isaac, 64 Landsman, Andre, 155-56, 32-9

Landsman, Esther, 424 Langleben, David, 231 Langner, Rabbi A., 240 Laskin, Bora, 201 Lassner, Arthur, 139, 451 Laurier, Sir Wilfrid, 114 Lauterman, (Miss) A., 126 Laxer, Betty, 227 Laxer, Carl, 227 Layman's Institute, i80-8i Lazare, Evelyn, 448 Lazare, Jack, 380, 382, 453 Lazarowitz, L., 62 Lazarus, Joan, 227 Lazarus, Lester, 227 Lazarus, Ted, 273 Leaders Training Fellowship, 171, 235, 2-35-36, 2.63,431 Leavitt, Joseph, 73, 74, 75-77 Leba, Doda, 432 LeBlanc, Romeo, 425, 427, 427-29 Lechter, John, 217, 236, 450 Lechter, Judith, 403, 431 Lechter, Mortimer, 229 Lechter, (Mrs) Mortimer, 229 Lefcoe, Joe, 202 Lefcort, (Mrs) A.W., 191, 198 Lefcort, B., 128 Lefcort, Malcolm, 215 Leffell, Rabbi Bernard, 334, 338, 3 5 i > 3 # 7 Leger, Cardinal PaulEmile, 350 Lehrer, Alice, 404, 406-7, 417, 432, 448 Lehrer, H., 84 Lehrer, Harold, 388 Leibovitch, Edgar, 450 Leibovitz, Zelda, 187 Leibowitz, Miriam (Mrs Samuel J.), 118, 192, 198

Leibowitz, Nehama, 290 Leibowitz, Samuel J., Il8-2O, 122, 172, 174, I9I-92-, 2.14, 221

Leifer, (Miss), 128 Leiser, Burton, 287 Leisure Institute, 306-8, 406 Lemco, David, 137 Lemco, M., 137 Lemco, (Mrs) M., 137 Leo, Rabbi Amsel, 23 Leo, J.S., 44 Leon (founding member), 445 Leopold, E, 86 Leopold, (Mrs) E, 127 Leopold, Samuel, 85, 106 Leopold, (Mrs) Samuel, 129 Lerner, Rabbi Leigh, 425 Lerner, Samuel: adult education, 102, 240; appointed principal, 176, 297; contributions to Shaar, 128; honours, 192; picture, 266; retires, 265-66; Shaar anniversaries, 432; youth education, 119, 198-99, 215, 218, 234 Lesser (possibly Moses), 54 Lesser, Albert, 84, 85, 100, 107 Lesser, M., 27 Lesser, Moses, 44 Lesser, (Mrs) Moses, 44 Levesque, Rene, 317 Levey, Rabbi LA., 25 Levey, Lewis, 445 Levey, S.G., 29 Levi, Guido, 291 Levi, Rabbi S. Gershon, 103, 119, 132, 134, 151, 180, 191 Levi, Shoni (Mrs Gershon), 118, 128 Levin, Abram Ansel, 59, 129

469

47O

INDEX

Levin, Leon: administrative issues, 182; contributions to Shaar, 143, 176-77, 183, 192., 297; education issues, 250; honours, 453; honours Mendelson, 222; Men's Associatin, 179; pictures, 257, 447; as president, 206, 208, 210, 447; Zionism, 354 Levine, A., 85 Levine, Anita, 283 Levine, Boris, 273, 453 Levine, Brahm, 217, 406, 449-50 Levine, Edgar, 40 Levine, (Mrs) H.J., 128 Levine, I., 128 Levine, (Mrs) Joseph, 128 Levine, Lee, 355 Levine, M., 445 Levine, Paul, 217 Levine, Robert, 103, 432, 450 Levine, Samuel, 240 Levine, Sidney, 40-41 Levine, (Mrs) T.I., 191 Levinson, Hannah, 448 Levinson, I.D., 187 Levinson, J., Jr, 84 Levinson, (Mrs) Joseph, 105 Levinson, Joseph, Sr, 73, 85,99-101, 130, 148, 446 Levinson, (Mrs) Joseph, Sr, 146 Levinson, Leon, 179, 189 Levinson, (Mrs) Leon, 128 Levinson, S., 84 Levinson, Solomon, 44 Levinson, (Mrs) Solomon, 44 Levinson, Tillie, 73 Levinson, Zave, 86, 259

Levitsky, Rabbi Louis, 178, 183 Levitt, Arthur, 217, 450 Levitt, Beryl, 231 Levitt, Jules, 198 Levitt, Moe, 175, 246, 2-53, 2-59, 2.77, 309 Levitt, S., 86 Levitt, Sorelle, 187 Levy, David, 401 Levy, Eleazar, 6 Levy, Eliezer, 4 Levy, Florence, 448, 453 Levy, Gershom, 4 Levy, H., 84 Levy, Isaac, 449 Levy, J., 107 Levy, L.I., 29 Levy, Philip, 44, 143, 152, 174,252,453 Levy, Ronald H., 449 Levy, Sam, 243, 290 Levy, Sarah, 6 Levy, Rabbi Simcha, 124-25 Levy, Simon, 5, 7 Levy, Vera, 304 Levy, Victor, 136 Levy, William, 82, 84, 95, 259, 309,450 Lewandowski, Louis, 186 Lewin, Mordechai, 157 Lewin, Samuel, 157, 339 Lewis, Coleman, 187 Lewis, Freda, 128 Lewis, Leola, 128 Lewis, Louis, 44, 55 Lewis, (Mrs) Louis, 44 Lewis, Sarah, 128 Lewittes, Rabbi Mendel, 125, 189, 315, 339 Liberman, Mindy, 273 Library-Museum, 260-62, 288-89, 291, 291, 326, 326-28 Librowicz, Michel, 229 Lieff, Israel, 120, 177, 208, 214, 240, 309 Lieff, Miriam (Mrs Israel), 208, 240, 309

Lieff, Sarah, 309 Lightman, Terry, 327 Lightstone, Michael, 44 Lightstone, (Mrs) Michael, 44 Lightstone, Myer, 44 Lightstone, Pauline (Donalda), 69 Lindor, Robert, 187 Lipmann, Walter, 166 Lipnick, Jerome, 140 Lipper, Irene (Mrs Stephen), 229-30 Lipper, J.S., 414 Lipper, Stephen, 229, 2-93, 32-1, 373, 376, 4i5 ? 453 Lipsey, Marion, 187 Liscovitch, Ella, 291 Liscovitch, Isaac, 291 Litner, Bluma, 238 Littauer, S., 445 Littman, Deborah, 273 Livingstone, (Mrs) H.H., 104 Livingstone, Leo, 74 Livingstone, R., 73 Livingstone, Samuel W, 96 Livingstone, (Mrs) Theodore, 146 Livis, Mortimer, 139, 451 Lord's Day Act, 69-70 Lowenthal, Marven, 102 Lowy, Jacob, 346 Lozinski, (Mrs) E., 128 Lozinski, Ezra, 453 Lozinski, Hazel, 306 Lupovich, Ellen, 263 Lyon, Barnett, 7 Lyons, B., 4 McKeon, Richard, 206-7 McMullan (manager of De Sola Club), 341 Magder, Harry, 188, 226 Magder, (Mrs) Harry, 226 Maimonides Hospital, 162-63

INDEX

Maklan, Nancy, 230 Malkinson, Mona, 407 Malles,]., 128 Mandelbaum, Rabbi Bernard, 214, 240, 282, 2§j, 285 Mandelcorn, Rabbi Ephraim, 133, 143 Mandelcorn, Mark, 219, 318 Mandelcorn, Ralph, 231 Mandelcorn, Rosalyn, 191 Mandl, Barbara, 304, 3J5 Mandl, Rabbi Herbert].: appointment, 277; assists Shuchat, 134, 215, 283; initiatives, 3°°5 375, 39i; picture, 314; resigns, 314-15, 361; Shaar anniversaries, 431-32; study groups, 229 Manolson, Lewis, 136, 217,450 Margolese, Richard, 452 Markovitch, Jack, 227 Markovitch, Judy, 227 Markowsky, Jacob Samuel, 186 Marks, Rabbi Samuel, 34-37, 47-48, 52 Markus, Arthur A., 85 Marmor, Murray, 388 Marshall, (Mrs) M.A., 127 Martin, Markus, 219 Martin, Mike, 273 Marx, Alexander, 103 Marx, Herbert, 201 Mass, Israel, 201 Matalon, Gary, 450 Mayer, Beatrice Cummings (Mrs Robert), 288, 424 Mayerovitch, Harry, 345 Meals on Wheels, kosher, 303-6,305 Medical Association of Lower Canada, 10

Meir, Golda (Goldie Myerson), 102 Mendel (Mr; late 18005), 44 Mendel, Isadore, 382 Mendel, Joe, 198 Mendell, Manuel M., 183 Mendell, Peter, 219, 432, 450 Mendells (shammash), 12, 17

Mendelsohn, Leonard, 209 Mendelson, David, 216-19, 227, 325, 362,431-32,453 Mendelson, Deanna, 227 Mendelson, Mae (Mrs Nathan), 128 Mendelson, Michael, 219 Mendelson, Nathan: appointment, 117-18; biography, 322-23; contribution to Shaar, 128, 208; education issues, 240; honours, 222, 396; pictures, 123, 322; right to officiate, 193; services, 150, 172, 184-85, 189-90, 198, 217 Mendelson, Rhoda, 304, 454 Mendelson, Robert, 219 Mendes, Rabbi (New York), 14 Men's Association: 19408, 219; i94os-early 19503, 178-81, 180, 183; 19605, 261, 349, 352; 19708, 294, 301, 382; 19805, 402-3; 19905,405-6,431; presidents, 449; servicemen's memorials, 149, 180, 405 Men's Chevra Kadisha Society, 72 Men's Club, 106, 369

Merkaz Hatorah, 157, 177

Meyer, Joy, 227 Meyer, M., 445 Meyer, Perry, 201, 208, 227, 240, 432, 450 Meyerovitch, Philip, 171, 178-79, 181, 226, 229, 251, 253, 453 Meyerovitch, (Mrs) Philip, 198, 226 Michael, S., 445 Michaelis (founder of Spanish and Portuguese Congregation), 42 Michaels, Levy, 6-7 Michaels, Myer, 6-7 Michaels, (Mrs) Victor, 129 Michener, Roland, 284, 284-85 Migicovsky, Beth, 302 Mikhlin, Esther, 227 Milgram, Abraham, 240 Miller, H., 445 Miller, Manasseh, 382, 453 Miller, Max, 231, 453 Miller, Melvin, 261, 449, 453 Milo, Joseph, 288, 302, 403 Milo, Rivka, 395, 403 Milo, Yossi, 394-95 Miriam Home, 332 Mission to the Jews (Anglican mission), 70 Monson, Rabbi David, 133 Montefiore, Daphne, 107 Montefiore, Sebag, 75 Montefiore Club, 33, 340 Morais, Rabbi Sabato, 39,48 Morris, Lionel Joseph, 134, 136, 139,450-51 Morris, M.L., 56, 84 Moscovitch, S., 73 Moskovitch, Samuel, 179, 202,259, 310,449

471

472.

INDEX

Moskovitch, Saul E., 106-7, 2.05, 2.92.* 380, 453 Moss, (Misses), 44 Moss, Arthur David, 44, 46 Moss, Beatrice, 44 Moss, Clara, 44 Moss, David, 19-24, 27, 39,42-43,446 Moss, Edith, 44 Moss, Edward, 20, 39, 42-43, 44, 446 Moss, Edward John (nephew of Edward), 44,46 Moss, Florence, 44 Moss, Hyam David, 29, 4°, 43>44,46, 54-55 Moss, (Mrs) Hyam David, 44 Moss, Hyman D., 446 Moss, Jack L., 44, 53-54 Moss, (Mrs) Jack L., 44 Moss, John E., 18, 30, 38-40,43,46,446 Moss, (Mrs) John E., 44 Moss, Lawrence, 26, 42 Moss, Robert, 44 Moss, S., 52-54 Moss, S.E., 27 Mount Royal Tunnel Company, 71 Mount Sinai Hospital, 162 Mount Sinai Sanatorium, 162, 163 Mueller, Adolph, 219 Muhlstock, Rabbi S., 118 Mullen, Rev. W.E. (United Church), 365 Muller, Rabbi Herman, 2-68,375, 397-98 Munk, Zev, 273 Myer, Leonard, 6 Myers, Carmel, 25 Myers, Rabbi E.M., 25 Myers, Hyam, 6 Myers, Rabbi Isidore, 47 Myers, Jonathan, 6 Myers, Joseph, 5

Myers, Michael, 6 Myers, Samuel, 44, 52 Myers, (Mrs) Samuel, 44 Myers, Solomon, 6 Myers, S.P., 86 Myerson, Goldie. See Meir, Golda Nadler, Rabbi Allan, 214, 368, 378, 391,392,

393,404,414-15,432

Nadler, Joseph Y., 214 National Council of Jewish Women, 129, 165 National Workers Alliance (Nazionaler Arbeiter Farband), 166 Natural History Society of Montreal, 10 Needle Workers Project, 155 Neighbourhood House, 105 Neuman, Abraham A., 102, 206, 240 Nevo, Joseph, 190 Newman (photographer), 46 Newman, Harold, 96 Notkin, D.M., 253 Notkin, (Mrs) D.M., 190 Notkin, Leah, 221, 304, 448,453-54 Notkin, Murray, 198 Nusah' Ho'ari, 158 Nuss, Joseph, 201 Nutik, Allen, 229, 406, 449 Ollendorf, L., 445 Ollendorf, Marcus, 20, 21-22, 4 4 5 , 4 4 6

Open Gate program, 307-8, 407 Ordower, Ayala, 227 Ordower, Ralph, 227 Ortenberg, B., 62 Ortenberg, June, 302 Oxtoby, William, 240

Packer, Fred, 178, 180-81, 191, 207, 210, 234, 306, 449, 453 Packer, Inge (Mrs Manny), 209, 228, 239 Packer, Lionel, 219, 292 Packer, Manny, 228 Palevsky, Jack, 227 Palevsky, Susan, 227 Paperman, Abraham, 3*5,381 Paperman, Herbert, 315, 38i,453 Paperman, Joseph, 381 Paperman, Lawrence, 381 Paperman, Lazar, 381 Paperman, Ross, 381 Paperman, Sam, 339, 381 Paperman and Sons, 68, 380-81 Pappenheim, Albert, 137 Pardo, Joseph, 291 Pardo, (Mrs) Joseph, 291 Pascal, Arthur, 134, 202 Pascal, Fred, 134-35 Pascal, Max, 134, 179, 259, 309 Passover Fund, 232-33 Patch, Rev. Frank (Baptist), 269 Pavilion of Judaism, 326, 333, 343-5* Payne, Jeff, 329 Peli, Penina, 355, 360-62 Peli, Rabbi Pinchas Hakohen, 242, 354-56,358,36o, 360-62, 398-99 Penn, Martin, 273 Penny Charity Table, 241 Penrose, G.A., 207 Pereira Mendes, Rabbi H., 49, 60 Peres, Shimon, 387 Peretz School, 68, 166 Perlman, Terry, 365 Pervin, Harris, 228 Pervin, Sarah, 228

INDEX 473 Pervin, Tim Israel, 139, 45i Peters, Mordechai, 156 Phillips, Abe, 175 Phillips, Lazarus: biography, 389-90; contributions to Shaar, 102., 119, 183, 193-94. 2-59, 2.77-79, z85, 294; honours, 284, 295-96, 309, 452-53; Men's Association, 179; pictures, 3 60, 3 §9; tribute to Solomon, 293 Phillips, (Mrs) Lazarus, 1x9, 132, 194 Pierce, Asher, 422 Pierce, (Mrs) Asher, 76 Pierce, Michael, 163 Pierce, Moses, 4 Pierce, Sidney, 422 Pimontel, Rabbi A. de S., 169 Pinsler, Jacob, 92, 113 Pinsler, Paul, 92 Piza, Rabbi David, 8, 17 Plamondon, JosephEdouard, 62, 114, 150 Plaut, Rabbi Gunther, 3i7 Polachek, Mona, 231 Pollack, Maurice, 223-24, 453 Popliger, Alex, 341 Portnoy, Rabbi Eliezer, 231 Postelnik, Gerald, 230, 449 Postelnik, (Mrs) Gerald, 230 Power Breakfast, 406 Price, Rabbi Ronald, 418 Prussin, Jerry, 263 Pulpit Fund, 232 Rabbanat Sepharade, 158 Rabbi Herman Abramowitz Building, 171-73

Rabbi Herman Abramowitz School, 86 Rabbinical College, 158 Rabinovitch, Israel, 166 Rabinovitch, Mordeh'ai, 157 Raphale, Rabbi Morris, 21-22 Ravich, Melech, 166 Rawas, Esther, 424 Raymond, James, 344 Rees-Mogg, Sir William, 324 Reich, Andrew, 273 Reilly (McGill professor), 99 Reitman, Dorothy, 452 Reitman, Sam, 259 Ressler, Hyman, 100 Richer, Jack, 340 Richler, Moses, 231 Richler, Myer, 377, 453 Riddell, Irving, 202 Rigeur (principal), 231 Ritz, Leo, 187 Rivlin, David, 344 Robbins, Billy, 263 Robbins, Stephen, 431 Robinson, Benjamin, 201 Robinson, (Mrs) Benjamin, 129, 202 Robinson, Carmen, 227 Robinson, (Mrs) H., 127 Robinson, Jon, 227 Rochwerg, Rona, 306 Rodeph Shalom, 168 Roditi, Eugene, 230 Roditi, Laura, 407, 448 Roe, Yale, 355 Roe, (Mrs) Yale, 355 Rogalsky, A., 44 Roland, Miriam, 226 Roman, Bertha, 44 Roman, Henry, 44 Roman, R., 44 Roman, S., 54, 57 Roman, Samuel, 44 Roman, (Mrs) Samuel, 44 Romer, Agnes, 273

Roos, Jules: charity funds, 232; Consecration of Girls Ceremony, 238; contributions to Shaar, 124, 171, 211, 232,

220,

298-99, 313;

death, 419-20; education issues, 250; honours, 453; picture, 298; servicemen's monument, 149 Roos, (Mrs) Jules, 128 Rosand, (Mrs), 44 Rose, Rabbi Isaac, 133-34 Rosemarin, Jacob, 118, 172, 184, 185-86, 189, 214, 288 Rosemarin, Samson, 186 Rosen, Hilda Gait, 187 Rosen, Jack, 106, 187 Rosen, Lenora, 263 Rosenbaum, L., 231 Rosenberg, George, 251-52 Rosenberg, J., 231 Rosenberg, Louis, 7, 251 Rosenberg, Rabbi Stuart, 210 Rosenblatt, Jack, 225 Rosenblatt, (Mrs) Jack, 225 Rosenblatt, Robert, 219 Rosenbloom, Sybil, 103 Rosenbloom, (Mrs) William, 105, 126 Rosenfeld, Hirsch, 385 Rosenfeld, (Mrs) Hirsch, 385 Rosenfeld, Sarah, 166 Rosengarten, Ella, 107 Rosengarten, George, 452 Rosenhek, Henry, 219 Rosenstein, Mark, 229 Rosenstein, (Mrs) Mark, 229 Rosenstein, Rabbi Victor, 47

474 I N D E X Rosenthal, A., 44 Rosenthal, E.L., 56 Rosenthal, Harold, 192. Rosenthal, Jacob, 5 5 Rosenthal, Jeanne, 292 Rosenthal, Samuel, 73, 138,451 Rosenthal, Shirley, 187 Rosenthal assault case, 35-36 Rosenzweig, Franz, 214 Rosenzweig, Joshua, 393 Rosh Chodesh Fellowship, 243, 330-31 Roskies, Arthur, 226 Roskies, (Mrs) Arthur, 229

Roskies, Ethel, 227 Roskies, Josie, 227 Roskies, Louise, 227 Roskies, Mandy, 424 Roth, Cecil, 102 Roth, Charles, 229 Roth, (Mrs) Charles, 229 Roth, Max, 345, 347 Rother, Harry, 452 Rothman, Melvin L., 201 Rothschild, Kurt, 140 Routtenberg, Rabbi Max, 384 Rovner, Zeidel, 186 Rozend, Leon, 445 Rubenstein, Louis, 30, 3 J > 70 Rubenstein, M., 445 Rubenstein, Max, 453 Rubin, (Mrs) B., 127 Rubin, Basil, 187 Rubin, Bernard, 106, 453 Rubin, Chas. S., 85 Rubin, E. Bernard, 226, 236 Rubin, (Mrs) E. Bernard, 226 Rubin, Marlene, 3 67 Rubin, Ruth, 187 Rubinovich, Isaac, 44 Rubinovich, Joel, 218-19, 318

Rubinovitch, Jack, 340 Ruckenstein, Michael, 217 Rudenko, Joyce, 187 Rudin, Raymond, 227 Rudin, Ruth, 227 Rudnikoff, Arthur, 210, 2J7, 2.96, 315, 32-3, 341,453 Rudnikoff, Barbara, 273 Rudnikoff, Betty, 304, 315,32-3 Rudnikoff, Ian R., 383, 385,417,418,419, 42-9,447,453 Rudolph, A., 84-85, 100 Runkel, M., 445 Russele (founding member), 445 Russian congregation (Momtreal), 27 Sabloff, Ernest, 218 Sabloff, (Mrs) H.C., 129 Sabloff, Leisel, 307 Sachar, Abram L., 179, 240 Sachs, Moshe, 140 Saidye Bronfman Centre for the Performing Arts, 162-64, 167, 273, 312 St. Laurent, Louis, 94 Salame, Viviane, 406 Samson, Erwin, 197 Samson, (Mrs) Erwin, 197 Samson, L, 445 Samuel, J.L., 48 Samuel, Maurice, 240 Samuel Bronfman House, 164 Samuels, Bernard, 136, i39,45i Samuels, I., 445 Sanders, Gregory, 75 Sauler (cantor), 118 Sauvage, Pierre, 405 Sauve, Jeanne, 407-8 Saxe, Annie, 104, 448 Sayegh, Naomi, 302

Schachter, Aaron, 124 Schachter, Evelyn Bloomfield, 431 Schacter, Marilyn (Mrs Samuel N.), 228, 304, 305,453 Schacter, Samuel N., 228, 449,453 Schaffer, Michael, 367 Schapiro, I., 128 Schauber, Allan, 227 Schauber, Marion, 227 Schechter, Solomon, 51, 60-61, 151, 409-10, 412 Schechter, William, 231 Scherman, D.S., 40-41 Scherzer, Annalee, 136 Schild, Erwin, 137 Schloman, (Mrs) M.L., 44 Schloman, Max L., 44 Schneiderman, Alex, 259, 453 Schneiderman, Bernice, 22.8, 3 0 4 , 4 5 3

Schneiderman, Clarence: contributions to Shaar, 300, 329, 331, 419-20; honours, 453; pictures, 418, 426, 447; as president, 386, 447; study groups, 230 Schneiderman, David, 228, 302, 388,450, 453 Schneiderman, (Mrs) David, 388 Schneiderman, Jonathan, 423,430-31 Schneiderman, Sylvia: contributions to Shaar, 302-5, 424; honours, 453-54; pictures, 418, 426, 447; as president, 383, 385-87,414, 419, 447; study groups, 230 Scholem, Gershon, 241-42

INDEX 475 Schorsch, Ismar, 2.86, 369 Schottenstein, Lois, 448 Schoyer, Frances (Hart), 8 Schoyer, Raphael, 8 Schreiber, Judith, 443 Schreter, Shelly, 273 Schuchman, Max, 88 Schulman, David, 230 Schulweiss, Rabbi Harold, 239 Schwam, Ben, 231 Schwartz, Charles, 215, "9, 453 Schwartz, Elizabeth Shuchat, xxiv Schwartz, Gerald Joseph, i39,45i Schwartz, Rabbi Jesse, 190,333 Schwartz, Maurice, 167, 231 Schwartz, Peni, 273 Schwartz, Phyllis, 192, 43i Schwartz, Rabbi Yaacov, xxiv Secunda, Sholem, 186 Segal (cantor), 116-17 Segal, Rabbi, 366-67 Segal, Alvin, 227 Segal, Connie, 218 Segal, I.J., 385 Segal, Mendal, 226 Segal, (Mrs) Mendal, 226 Segal, Sandra, 227 Segall, Jerry, 156, 175, 179 Segall, (Mrs) Jerry, 156 Segals, Meier, 259, 453 Seidman, Moe, 339 Seigler, Ida, 73 Seigler, Robert, 139, 451 Semiatin, Rabbi Herman, 116-17, 128 Sessenwein, H., 86 Shaar Hashomayim: administration 19208, 88-96; administration between the wars,

99-101; administration i93os-early 19408, 120-26; administration late i94os-early 19508, 148, 181-83; administration 19505, 193-95, 220-22; administration 19705, 2-95,32-9-30; administration and services 19805, 375-83; affiliated societies 19305-19405, 126-29; anniversaries, 144-45, 144-47, 146, 170-71, 205-7, 282-83, 401-4, 404, 423-25, 429, 429-33; appointment of Shuchat, 142-45, 148, 170-71; bride and groom gift box, 243-44; building changes 19205-19305, 98-99; building changes 19305-19405, 124-25, 167; building changes 19505, 194-95; building changes 19608, 244-49, 2.55-64; building changes 19805, 385; charity funds, 232-33, 241; child and youth groups 19208-19305, 102-3, 107; child and youth groups 19305-19405, 119, 129, 146; child and youth groups i94os-early 19508, 171, 175, 186-87; child and youth groups 19505, 197-99; child and youth groups 19505-19705, 215-17; child and youth groups 19605, 235-38; child and youth groups 19705, 291-92, 331-32; choir, 98,

184-85, 184-86, 288; coat of arms, 425, 426-27, 42-7-2-9; Consecration of Girls, 236-38, 319-21; death and mourning, 72, 125, 125-26, 379-83; education 19005, 72-73; education 19205, 94-96; education 19305-19408, 101-3, 118-19, education 19405, 147-48; education i94os-early 19505, 171-77; education 19505, 190-92; education 19605, 234-36, 239-40, 250-54; education 19705, 280-82, 286-87, 293-97, 300-3; education 19805, 373-75; endowments, 241-43, 323-25, 330-31, 387-88; First World War, 71-75; future, 438-42; honours slain Olympic athletes, 316-17; ideology, 409-13; intermarriage, 383-85; Kensington and Cote St-Antoine synagogue, 81-85, 87-88; LongRange Planning Committee, 279-80; memorial book, 122, 123; memorial services, 189-90; named, 40; presidents, 418, 446-47; Quebec politics, 317-18, 438-40; receives Leadership Development Award, 181; receives Solomon Schechter Award, 265-66; Second World

476 I N D E X War, i3z-4i; seminary campaign, 183-84; servicemen's monument, 148-49, 180; services 19505, zn-zo; services 19608, Z4o~4i; Shaar Israel project, 353-63; societies between the wars, 103-7; societies late i94os-early 1950$, 178-81, 187-88; student unrest (1969), Z70-75; study groups, z z 5-3 i, 404-5; Torah and interfaith dialogue, z68-69; wall murals, zo3~4. See also English, German and Polish Congregation Shaar Israel-Shabbat Yachad, 333, 353, 355-63 Shaar Shalom, 168 Shaare Tefiloh, 411 Shaare Zedek, 167, 34Z, 395 Shaare Zion, 107-8, 119, 167, Z5i, 280-82, Z93,4ii Shacter, Abbey, z63 Shacter, Erica, z68 Shacter, Jack A., Z3i,

277,279,340,360 361,410,453 Shacter, Michael, 2.63 Shacter, Mildred, 454 Shacter, Ronald, z63 Shahar, Charles, 434 Shaicovich, Bernie, 2.73 Shalev, Mordecai, 317 Shapiro, Barry, 303 Shapiro, Bernard, 421, 42-1,452. Shapiro, David, 2.17, 450 Shapiro, Ernest K., 76-77 Shapiro, Harold, 215, 421,411 Shapiro, J., zz6 Shapiro, (Mrs) J., zz6

Shapiro, Mark, i9z, zi5, 2-17,450 Shapiro, Monica, 374 Shapiro, Penny, 403 Shapiro, Phyllis Schwartz, 421,431 Shapiro, Vivian, 421 Shaposnik, Bernice, zz7 Shaposnik, Philip, zz7 Shaw (Protestant minister), 93 Shazar, Zalman, 350 Shearith Israel. See Spanish and Portuguese Congregation Sherman, Julius, 44 Shestapol, Wolf, 186 Shiller, Alvyn, zz8-z9, Z4O

Shiller, (Mrs) Alvyn, 228 Shiller, H., 231 Shiller, Hyman, 453 Shine, Barry, 198 Shine, Lionel, 453 Ship, Fischel, 44 Ship, (Mrs) Fischel, 44 Ship, Louis, 44 Ship, (Mrs) Louis, 44 Shizgal, Brocha, 304 Shizgal, Peter, 273 Shoenberg, Rabbi Elliot, 4i5 Shore, Elizabeth, 230 Shore, Jacques J., 449 Shragge, Eric, 273 Shtern, Yechiel, 240 Shuchat, Beatrice, 454 Shuchat, Rabbi Bernard Raphael, xxiv, 302, 33z, 36z, 403,417, 443,453 Shuchat, Bryna (m. Landes), xxiv, 217, 416 Shuchat, Charles, z 18-19 Shuchat, Elizabeth (m. Schwartz), xxiv, 402, 416 Shuchat, Elliot, 391 Shuchat, Margola, xxiv, 302

Shuchat, Miriam: contributions to Shaar, 2-38, 304, 319, 365, 4Z4; honours, 401, 403,417,453-54; pictures, xxiv, 285, 418, 421; Shaar Israel project, 3 5 5 Shuchat, Rabbi Wilfred: anniversaries of the Shaar, 145, 206, 401, 403, 424; appointment, 143-44, 148, 170-71; assistants, 133-34, 2-14-15, 2-77, 315, 391-93; on Barney Aaron, 314; building changes, 88, 204, 256, 260, 263-64, 3z6; on cantors of 19405, 118; charity funds, 23 z; contributions to community, 333-38, 340-42; on death of Abramowitz, 149, 152; education issues, 174, 192-, 2,39, 253-54, 293, 295; endowment programs, 241-43; Extension Activities Committee, 177; on Holocaust, 140; honours, z8z-83, 4535 on honours of congregational members, 222; on intermarriage, 384-85; in Israel, 315; Jewish Introduction Service, 364-68; and Jewish Theological Seminary, 369-72; kashrut, 377-78; meets Jeanne Sauve, 407-8; membership, 244, 248; Men's Association, 179; Michener's convocation, 284; on Pavilion of Judaism, 343, 345-52.; pictures,

I N D E X 477 XXIV, 123, 221, 2^7, 283,

247,

285,32$,

32-7,35°, 387,402,

418, 421, 426; on Pollack, 2.24; on Quebec politics, 318; retires, 414-17, 419; Second World War, 152; seminary campaign, 183-84; services, 189-90, 199, 217-18, 443; Shaar coat of arms, 427; Shaar Israel project, 353-63; social clubs, 187-88; student unrest, 270-71, 273-75; study groups, 225-27, 231, 388, 404; youth issues, 216, 238, 319, 321 Shulman, Alex, 292 Shulman, (Mrs) Alex, 171, 191, 208 Shulman, Morton, 217, 449-50 Shulman, Sophie, 208 Siegel, Morton, 240 Sigal, Goldie, 227 Sigal, Jon, 227 Sigman, Harvey, 227, 301-2,453 Sigman, Maxine Strean (Mrs Harvey), 227, 432 Silver, Daniel, 318 Silver, Edward, 215 Silver, N., 84 Silver, Vivian, 209 Silver, Yetta, 73 Silverberg, Marc, 304 Silverman, Allan, 263 Silverman, L., 54 Silverman, Lyon, 44, 46,

55,446

Silverman, (Mrs) Lyon, 44 Silverman, (Mrs) P., 128 Silverman, S., 21, 26, 445 Silverman, S., Jr, 445 Silverman, Solomon, 446

Silverstone, I., 52 Simak, Melvin, 385, 453 Simand, Dorothy, 304 Simchat Torah, 211-13, 2.89,453 Simco, Sophie, 304 Simkover, Beatrice, 308, 453 Simon, Ernst, 213-14, 240 Simon, Levy, 4 Simon, Morris, 208, 225, 229 Simon, (Mrs) Morris, 225 Sir Mortimer B. DavisJewish General Hospital. See Jewish General Hospital Sirota (Warsaw cantor), 67

Sisenwain, (Mrs) Charles, 44 Sisenwain, Louis, 73, 138,451 Sisterhood (formerly Women's Auxiliary): 19505, 196; 19605, 183; 19705, 264, 294, 301, 303, 307, 369, 372, 406; 19805, 399, 400, 401-3, 406-7; 19905, 405-7, 423-24, 431; presidents, 448. See also Women's Auxiliary Siyyum Beh'orim, 198 Sloan, Zelda, 105 Small (1858), 445 Smith, Martin, 230 Smolash, Michael, 431 Snarch, Evelyn, 228 Snarch, Leonard, 228 Soffi, George, 341 Solloway, Mavis, 454 Solomon, Abraham, 44 Solomon, Alex, 74 Solomon, Alice, 231, 424,431,453 Solomon, Blema, 198

Solomon, Charles: administrative issues, 183; biography, 418-19; building changes late 19605, 263; contributions to Shaar, 235, 240, 251, 450; Friday Evening Hour, 188, 218-19; honours, 285, 453; as parnass, 420; pictures, 285,418,447; as president, 267, 270, 2-77-79, 2.82, 288, 2-92--93, 306, 309, 447; Shaar Israel project, 356, 358-60; Shuchat's retirement, 417; study groups, 227; tribute to Lerner, 192; visits Israel, 332 Solomon, Connie (Mrs Charles), 227, 285, 304-5, 332., 359 Solomon, David, 103,

192,253,450

Solomon, (Mrs) E., 44 Solomon, Elias, 4 Solomon, Rabbi Elias, 149-51 Solomon, Ezekiel, 7 Solomon, Levy, 5, 7 Solomon, Mona Adilman, 325 Solomon, Myer, 6 Solomon, Myrtle (Mrs Edward), 126, 127-29, 182, 199, 259, 299, 448 Solomon, Samuel, 452 Solomon, Saul, 44 Solomon Schechter Academy, 251, 253-54, 280-82, 293-94 Solomon Schechter Award for Excellence, 265 Solomons, Ezekiel, 4 Soloveitchik, Rabbi J.B., 204

h 78 INDEX

Sommer, (Mrs) Charles, 226

Sonin, Avrum, 2.30 Sonin, (Mrs) Avrum, 2.30 Sons of Benjamin, 33 Spanier, Beverly, 33z, 453 Spanish and Portuguese Congregation: approaches Jewish Theological Seminary, 48-49; Baron de Hirsch Institute, 65; building issues, 34, 167-69; burials, 380; education, 91-92., 119, 251; organized, 7-8; protocols, 10-16, 53; relations with Shaar Hashomayim, 17-19, 2.1, 24, 26-29, 39, 122, 168-69

Spector, Norman, 273 Spier, Yael, 192 Spivak, Robert, 219, 303 Spivak, Rosalind (Worsoff), 303 Stampleman, Joseph, 244 Stampleman, (Mrs) Joseph, 244 Starr, Marlene, 187 Steinberg, Helen, 247, 324 Steinberg, Henry, 201, 2-^9, 319, 3"» 32-9,

453 Steinberg, Janice, 229, 328, 406, 454 Steinberg, Sam: biography, 323; on business, 244; contributions to community, 296, 344-45. 349, 351. contributions to Shaar, 259; honours, 309, 324, 452; Michener's convocation, 284; pictures, 247, 350 Stern, Barbara, 227 Stern, George, 230

Stern, (Mrs) George, 230 Stern, Gershon, 227 Stern, Rabbi Henry J., 190,333,343, 345,350 Stern, Jeremy, 391 Stern, Jonathan, 450 Stern, Merle, 227 Stern, (Mrs) Zal, 229 Stern, Zalman, 227 Sternberg, M., 52 Sternberg, Rabbi Robert, 365 Sternberg, W., 21, 445 Sternthal, Norman, 90, 420,453 Stilman, Abrasha: biography, 390; contributions to Shaar, 178, 240, 281; honours, 453; Men's Association, 208, 449; picture, 447; as president, 319, 321, 387, 399, 447; study groups, 225, 228-29 Stilman, (Mrs) Abrasha, 225 Stilman, Harry, 344-45, 347 Stober, Caroline, 228 Stober, Julie, 228 Strean, George, 177-78, 202, 208, 225, 256 Strean, (Mrs) George, 225 Sugarman, I., 226 Sugarman, (Mrs) I., 226 Sulzer, Salomen, 186 Sunday Morning Breakfast Forum, 179, 299,406 Super, Rabbi Arthur, 102-3, 134, 151 Surchin, Hyman, 226 Surchin, (Mrs) Hyman, 226 Suss, Julius, 431 Sutnick, Barbara, 391 Sutnick, Rabbi Robert, 361, 391, 392

Synagogue Council of Greater Montreal, 339 Tafler, Marvin, 215 Takefman, Joel Harrt, 292 Talmud Study Group, 177, 2-3 !

Talpis, S., 231 Tannenbaum, Louis S., 2OI

Tannenbaum, M., 84 Tarshis, (Mrs) H., 127 Taschereau, LouisAlexandre, 94 Taub, Michael, 216-17, 450 Tea and Sukkoth Tour, 197 Teen-Age Fellowship, 197-98 Teicher, Rabbi I.J., 189 Teitelbaum, Leon, 316 Teitelbaum, Max, 201 Teitolman, Debbie, 304 Teitolman, Jack, 285, 350 Temple Emanu-El, 130 168; buildings, 65, 81, 167; founded, 35,37; led by Boas, 43; led by Friedlander, 57; led by Landman, 64; led by Marks, 48; relations with Shaar Hashomayim, 107, 203, 381, 411; at turn of the century, 67 Temple Emanu-El-Beth Shalom, 425 Tifereth Beth David Jerusalem, 167 Tobias, Norman, 450 Tomashevsky, Boris, 68, 167 Toynbee, Arnold, 133 Tritt, Anna, 106 Tritt, (Mrs) B., 286 Tritt, Bernard, 106 Tritt, Gerald, 182 Tritt, (Mrs) Gerald, 148-49, 180

INDEX 479 Tritt, Goldie, 106 Trudeau, Pierre Elliott, 317,420 Tucker, M.L., 257 20-40 Club, 187-88 Tyber, Shulamit, 227 Tyber, Zvi, 227 Union for Traditional Conservative Judaism, 371-72 United Israel Appeal, 161 United Jewish Relief Agencies, 155 United Orthodox Congregations, 64, 67 United Synagogue of America, 295, 371-72, 411-12 United Synagogue Youth, 263 United Talmud Torahs: 19605, 250, 252-53; 19705, 293-95; established, 68, 96-97; financial troubles, 89; leaders, 100, no, 175 Unterberg, Paul, 215 Usher, Abe, 226 Usher, (Mrs) Abe, 208, 226 Usher, Cecil, 100, 179 Usher, Daniel, 191, 198, 215 Usher, Jon, 215 Usher, Moses Lewis, 103, 134, i39,45i Usher, Rose, 304 Vaad Ha-hatzala, 156 Vaad Ho-ir. See Jewish Community Council Vachman, Yaacov, 273 Valentine, Isaac, 8 Vardi, Liana, 263 Victor, Arthur, 252 Victor, Herschel, 452 Victor, William, 293-95, 300, 390,418,419, 447, 453

Vineberg, A.M., 84-85, 100 Vineberg, Abraham M., 44 Vineberg, Edward, 217, 450 Vineberg, Harris, 44, 55, 69 Vineberg, (Mrs) Harris, 44 Vineberg, Herbert A., 74, 75 Vineberg, Hyman, 44 Vineberg, Israel, 44 Vineberg, (Mrs) Israel, 44 Vineberg, M. (probably Moses), 54 Vineberg, Mortimer, 292 Vineberg, (Mrs) Moses, 44,382 Vineberg, Moses A., 32-33, 40, 44, 46-47, 58, 79, 84, 130, 382-83,446 Vineberg, Philip E, 452 Vineberg, Rhoda, 321 Vineberg, Richard, 217, 287,450 Vineberg, Robert, 263 Vineberg, Ronald, 382-83 Vineberg, Rose, 454 Vineberg, Sadie, 44 Vineberg, Stanley, 259 Vineberg, Stephen, 382 Vineberg, Yehudah, 238, 288 Vines, Phyllis, 230, 448 Viot, Jacques, 291 Vosberg, Frederick, 227 Vosberg, (Mrs) Frederick, 227 Wainberg, Allen, 227 Wainberg, (Mrs) Allen, 227 Wainberg, Joan, 188, 218, 227, 229 Wainberg, Larry, 188, 218, 227

Walter, Herbert, 230 Walter, (Mrs) Herbert, 230 War Orphans' Relief Project, 75-77 Warden, Isaac, 4, 6 Wasserman, Dora, 167 Wasserman, J.J., 231 Wasserman, Rachel, 253 Watt, Robert, 427 Wechsler, Ann, 227 Wechsler, Morris, 227 Weinberger, Phil, 273 Weiner, B.M., 89-90 Weiner, Morris, 220, 453 Weiner, Paula, 304 Weiner, Solomon, 73 Weinfield, Henry, 94-95 Weinstein, Ann, 228 Weinstein, Barry, 263, 318 Weinstein, Caren, 302 Weinstein, Oscar, 228 Weinstein, Sue, 302 Weintraub, Abraham, 231 Weintraub, Hirsch, 186 Weintraub, Rabbi Lewis, 133 Weisgall, Hugo, 222 Weiss, David, 239-40, 355 Weiss, Rabbi David, 335 Weiss, George, 273 Weiss, Judy, 355 Weiss, Robert, 273 Weiss-Halivni, David, 371,417-18 Weissenberg, Marion, 187 Weissler, (Mrs) Arthur, 208 Weissler, Jeffrey, 292 Weissman, David, 361, 363 Weizman (of U.S.), 159 Weizman, Chaim, 190 Wener, Samuel, 85, 100 Wener, Seymour, 106 Werner, B.W., 445

480

INDEX

Wexler, B., 197 Wexler, (Mrs) B., 197 Wexler, J. Harvey, 344 Wexler, Lillian, 106 Whitehead, Alfred, 98 Whiteman, Gabriel, 2,27, 453 Whiteman, Simone, 227 Wiener, Rosalyn Spear, 431 Wiesenfeld, Barbara, 229 Wiesenfeld, Barry, 229, 325, 403 Wiesenfeld, Marcus (Mark), 230, 300, 358, 449,453 Wiesenfeld, Roslyn, 198 Wiesenfeld, Sheila, 230 Wilansky, June, 187 Wilson, Douglas, 207, 338 Windheim, Ellen, 230 Winters, Robert, 351 Wiseman, Max, 96 Wiseman, Shloime, 240 Wisenthal, H., 253 Wisenthal, Michael, 292 Wisenthal, William, 273 Witkov, Hy, 187 Wohl, Stephen, 273 Wolbromsky, Ruby, 360 Wolfe, Rabbi, 335 Wolfe, A., 445 Wolfe, G.G., 445 Wolfe, H., 226 Wolfe, (Mrs) H., 226 Wolfe, Laurel, 227 Wolfe, Norman, 227 Wolff, (Mrs) Martin, 107 Wolff, Rachel, 107 Wolff, Rosetta, 107 Wolf son, Charles, 179 Wolkove, Edward, 339, 366 Wolofsky, Zvi Hirsch, 68-69, no, 166 Wolovich, B., 44 Wolpert, Ludwig, 347, 352 Women's Auxiliary (later

Sisterhood): 19208, 85; 19305-19405, 126-29; 19405, 117, 135, 146; 19505, 195-97, 220-21; founded, 104-5. $ee a^so Sisterhood Women's Institute of Jewish Studies, 171, 177, 181, 207-9 Women's International Zionist Organization, 165 Woolfson, Rev. David, 397, 398 Woolfson, Norma, 424 Workman, (Mrs) Abe, 44 Workman, Abraham, 44 Workman, Isaac, 44 World Conference on Yiddish (1982), 399 World Zionist Organization, 130, 151, *59 Worsoff, Rosalind (m. Spivak), 303 Wray, Joseph, 380 Wray, William, 3 80 Yannai (of Israel), 344 Yeshiva Gedolah, 157 Yiddish Theatre, 167 Yizkor Fund, 232-33 Young, Ralph, 227 Young, Sorel, 227 Young Israel, 167-68, 251,411 Young Judea clubs, 103 Young Men's Hebrew Association, 14, 66, 100 Young Men's Hebrew Benevolent Society, 29, 3i, 33,42. Young Men's-Young Women's Hebrew Association, 161, 163-64, 175-76 Young People's Society, 60, 105-6

Young Women's Hebrew Association, 66, 129 Younger Members Group, 129, 146, 186-88, 217-19 Youngheart, Edward, 44 Youngheart, Joseph, 44 Youth Theatre, 301, 301-3 Zabitsky, Ralph, 199, 3J5 Zabitsky, (Mrs) Ralph, 3i5 Zackon, L., 230 Zambrowsky, Rabbi Seymour M., 337-38, 343,345 Zeidman, H., 186 Zeitz, Rabbi Mordecai, 168 Zichron Kedoshim, 167 Zigman, Jerry J., 201 Zimmerman, Reuban, 35i Zionist Organization of Canada, 190, 202 Zionist Order of Habonim, 129, 190 Zipper, J.J., 240 Zlotnick, Rabbi J.L., 102 Zola, Emile, 62 Zryl, Rabbi I., 240