From Slavery to Vagrancy in Brazil [Reprint 2022 ed.] 9781978816596

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FROM SLAVERY TO VAGRANCY IN BRAZIL

A Volume in the Crime, Law, and Deviance Series

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96 / From Slavery to Vagrancy in Brazil would have been accorded those with an occupation, and treatment would have improved with occupational status. Thus inmates may have claimed an occupation even when they had been out of work for some time. In that case, they may have given the last job they performed as their occupation. If inmates upgraded their jobs in the hope of receiving better treatment from jailers, they probably did not exaggerate too much. There is a limit to how extreme status claims can be made and be taken seriously. ARRESTS FOR LABOR RECRUITMENT With some background on the people in the detention facility, it becomes possible to examine arrest patterns to see if they support the hypothesis that some kinds of arrests served as labor-recruitment mechanisms. Since there is no reason to expect all crime rates to reflect laborrecruitment arrests, this analysis begins by isolating the crime-rate fluctuations that correspond to the rhythms of the moral passage. Figure 4.1 shows the rate variations of the four crime categories. Rate fluctuations for publicorder crimes are more closely associated with the moral passage than are the rate changes for the other three crime categories. Public-order violations peaked between 1880 and 1900; the most consistent increases were between 1870 and Abolition. The pattern was quite different for violent crimes (interpersonal violence and murder) and theft: Theft arrests increased most sharply in the last decade of the moral passage; violence was low at all sampled points during the moral passage except during 1870 and 1890. SUPPORTING STATISTICS Do House of Detention statistics on public-order referrals support the labor recruitment hypothesis? The answer comes from four types of information about arrests: the timing of referrals; the civil status of those arrested; the

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