Free Will: An Extensive Bibliography 9783110319538, 9783110319163

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Nicholas Rescher Free Will An Extensive Bibliography

Nicholas Rescher

Free Will An Extensive Bibliography With the Collaboration of Estelle Burris

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Free Will Bibliography Contents Introduction

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Bibliography

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FREE WILL BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION “While the concept of free will is a favored theme of philosophical deliberation, there nevertheless here enters a one-sidedness, unclarity, and confusion as though a mass of a hundred speakers in a hundred languages were disputing simultaneously, each being absolutely convinced that he alone is altogether clear on the matter and that all the rest are uncomprehending ignoramuses.” —Eduard von Hartmann, The Phenomenology of Moral Consciousness (Berlin, C. Duncker, 1879), p. 399.

It was said of Helen of Troy that she had a beauty that launched a thousand ships. And it can be said with understatement, that the problem of free will has a fascination which launched a thousand books. Rare indeed is the philosophical problem that has engendered a literature of comparable scope. Anyone who takes the present volume into hand cannot fail to be impressed by the amount of philosophical productivity on this topic. Nor is this all all due to the problem’s two and a half millennia of existence. For four-fifths of the writing ever done on the topic is the work of the past single generation. And even a casual look at such an extensive bibliography will suffice to show that a change of tectonic proportions has come over the subject during the past two generations. The explosion of the literature has rendered it impossible to do “business as usual.” No longer cam even the most dedicated of scholars able to take the literature of the subject into adequate account—not even where one single particular problemissue is concerned. The problem of free will was put on the agenda of philosophy in Plato’s dialogue Phaedo, where it was posed in the following classic formulation, Socrates being the speaker: I felt very much as I should feel if someone said, ‘Socrates does by mind all he does’; and then, in telling the causes of what I am doing should say first that the reason why I sit here now is, that my body consists of bones and sinews, and the bones are hard and have joints between them, and the sinews can be tightened and slackened, surrounding the bones along with flesh and the skin which holds them together; so when the bones are uplifted in their sockets, the sinews slackening and tightening make me able to bend my limbs now, and for this cause I have bent together and sit here; and if next he should give you other such causes of my conversing with you, alleging as causes voices and airs and hearings and a thousand others like that, and neglecting to give the real causes . . . . But by the Dog! these bones and sinews, I think, would have been some- where near Megara or Boeotia long ago, carried there by an opinion of what is best, if I had not believed it better and more just to submit to any sentence which my city gives than to take to my

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heels and run. To call all those things the causes is strange indeed. If one should say that unless I bad such things, bones and sinews and all the rest I have, I should not have been able to do what I thought best, that would indeed be true. But to say that these, and not my choice of the best, are the causes of my doing what I do (and when I act, by mind, too!), would be a very heedless way of speaking.1

The question at issue is effectively the following. Do people have the power to determine their actions through the choices they make on the basis of deliberations based on their own preferences and wishes, or is what we do always the result of the operation of larger external forces beyond our control. The issue of the freedom of the will is of paramount importance in philosophy primarily for two reasons. The first is its bearing on the self-image of ourselves and our fellows as rational agents, beings whose actions are, or can be, autonomously determined by making thought-guided choices in a responsible way. The other is its bearing on the correlative issue of the moral—and subsequently legal—responsibility for our actions. Without claiming free will for humans, so it has generally been held, the prospect of viewing ourselves as responsible intelligent agents becomes hopelessly compromised. It is with some deliberation that this bibliography has been characterized as extensive rather than comprehensive. For even though it registers some 5,000 works dealing with freedom of the will, it must inevitably remain incomplete. Completeness is a state virtually unachievable here, since no matter how carefully one does one’s inclusion-trawling in a venture of this sort, it is just about impossible to avoid having some fish slip by the net. Moreover, the boundaries of the topic are sufficiently indefinite that no exact line of demarcation can be drawn between “appropriately in” and “appropriately out.” Various errors of omission and commission are effectively unavoidable given the vast compass of relevant literature. The problem of free will vividly illustrates the dialectic of philosophical development in general. For philosophical deliberation is usually rooted with aporetic situations of individually plausible but collectively inconsistent theses, as per: (1) Whatever happens in the world is the product of the inexorable operation of nature’s causal laws. (The Principle of Causality) (2) The causality of nature’s processes proceeds independently of our thought-operated decisions and resolutions. (Naturalistic determinism) (3) Our thought processes—our deliberations and decisions—control our actions in the world. (Free will) Given the incompatibility of these considerations as they stand, a limited number of alternative approaches present themselves: (1)-abandonment: Some occurrences stand outside the domain of causality. (Causality-exemption)

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(2)-abandonment: Our thought can control the flow of natural causality. (Mental causation) (3)-abandonment: Our thought is itself the product of natural causality. (Causal determinism) Many of the issues that concern us here are spanned by the range of these three propositions. The history of the subject is such that every possible response to its questions has found an advocate. But as a given alternative was espoused, it immediately attracted objections and challenges that its proponents then seek to meet by means of due qualifications and refinement. Such a dialectal development produced an ongoing elaboration—and complexification—of the theory in the wake of objections. The result has been an arms-race reminiscent escalation of ongoing sophistication and potency, where ever more elaborate refinements in the theory are in response to the challenges of its opponents. The fundamental positions remain the same, but their articulation and exposition becomes ever more complex and its defenses ever more subtle and sophisticated. The present bibliography manifests how this process is clearly and strikingly at work in the literature of the problem of free will. The English philosopher-historian R. G. Collingwood spoke for a plethora of theorists in maintaining that different eras and cultures cannot address the same question. This doctrine—generally called historicism—has it that even where a contention is formulated in the same words, the concepts at work in different culture-contexts are incommensurable. And if this is so, then there can be no perennial philosophical issues, because as the historico-cultural context changes, this change of setting induces a change of subject. Across the boundaries of eras and places there is bound to be conceptual discontinuity. The problem of free will is a perfect test-case for this position, seeing that to all appearances it has constantly been on the agenda of philosophical concern— alike in Mediterranean antiquity, in medieval Islam and Christian Europe in the modern world’s industrialized societies. Is it or is it not the same problems that have been addressed throughout by all those participants in the discussion? Are not those lawyers who wrangle about responsibility for action in its legal bearing throughout the years addressing the same issue? No doubt, saying that “the same question” is at issue is far from unproblematic. After all, what a position affirms and favors is determined by what it denies and rejects: its substance emerges via its oppositions. And as regards free will, this target has ongoingly changed over time. The ancients voluntarists sought to defend the will’s freedom against the powers of fate. The medievals defended it in the face of divine omniscience and omnipotence. The moderns feel called upon to defend it against the powers of nature as portrayed in science. The opposition has certainly been a moving target, running from Fate to God to Nature. But nevertheless there is a key element of commonality throughout. For all of these mighty potencies have been viewed as determining the course of events in ways that far outrun the modest reach of our feebler powers as human individuals. Throughout, the salient issue has been of our capacity at least on some occasions to determine the range of our action and the unfolding of our destiny through the active implementation of our beliefs and wishes. So in the final

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analysis the issues is one and the same throughout—the capacity of humans to determine their actions through their own reflectively deliberated decision rather than being pawns at the beck and call of some mighty external potency. The core issue is simply this: Is it at least sometimes the case that our own, autonomously formed thoughts are the controllers of our actions? As with so many of these deep conundrums, the situation is complex. What happens in this matter of the question of “the same issue?” is something of continuity amidst change—sameness in fundamentals upon which an ongoing change of detail is superimposed. Along with the ancients—and everyone else— we have to eat, to sleep, and also to decide among alternatives. And with them as with us these decisions are made sometimes for self-provided reasons and sometimes as the result of causal factors beyond the individual’s control. The basic categories under which the issues can be classed are elements of the human condition that are invariant through time and circumstance—and readily recognized as such. To be sure the detail—how the causality of nature works, what sort of undue influence can affect human decisions—all this sort of thing represents mattes of subordinate detail about which there can be differences of thought in the wake of a changing way of doing things. The issue of personal decision is in this regard is much like the issue of bridge-building. What a bridge is is a matter of commonality as between the ancient Romans and ourselves, although issues of the planning, design, material provision, construction, etc. of bridges are all matters of historical variation and contextualization. Analogously, this situation of a sameness of fundamentals combined with a variation of detail holds with free-will even as it does with bridges. The very reason for being of many a philosopher’s work is generally to take issue with what a predecessor has said and to disagree with it. (It was, after all, to refute the cognitive nihilism of Pyrrhonian scepticism that Descartes labored: it was exactly what those ancients affirmed that Descartes sought to refute.) To deny cognitive continuity across the divides of time and space is to abandon the effort to achieve explanatory understanding. To be sure, what is here required is an endeavor to understand others on their own terms. But to deny the prospect of doing so it so embark on a slippery slope into a cognitive solipsism that ultimately locks each thinker into his own impenetrable thought-world. It I cannot get at what Aquinas says about free will, then you cannot get at what I say about it either. The issue of free will exhibits in miniature a problem that confronts philosophers in the present era of an explosion in “the literature” of their subject. And in a way this bibliography affords a reductio ad absurdum of a certain concept of philosophical mastery—a concept typified by the German Habilitationschrift. The traditional idea of such a mega-dissertation was to make contact with the totality of extant work on a given issue or topic. But in the present state of the field—where even a single problem can, like Free Will, be the subject of some 5,000 publications—this objective of “taking an adequate account of the literature” is no longer practicable. In embarking upon a comprehensive bibliography, one opens oneself up to the plaintive question “But have you yourself actually read all of those books.” No, dear reader, I cannot claim that I have. But what I can safely claim, I think, is that I have read more of these works than the majority of those who wrote them.

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What are individual investigators to do when confronting an unmanageably large literature on the particular problem they have in view? They have little choice but to accept that the literature of the field is a haystack in which many a good insight is an unfindable needle. Perhaps hope can be placed on the idea the task can be scaled down to dealing with the important work. If one invokes “Rousseau’s Law” to the effect that in a field of N publications the sub-group of “truly important publications” can be fixes at ,N this amount can be fixed at roughly 70—which is just barely still managable. However the problem still remains that different investigators will have very different opinions about which of those many works at issue will fall into this top priority group. After all, from the standpoint of a concern for this or that particular aspect of the matter the relevancy and significance of publications will be subject to a law of diminishing returns. Only a fraction of the literature will be highly material, to any specific concern and as one goes beyond this, the contextual importance of the items will decay rapidly. Basically three alternative confront us with such an unresolved and seemingly irresolvable controversy • To dismiss the whole matter are meaningless • To deny the conflict and accept all of the rival positions. • To opt for—and reason one’s way into—one of the alternatives as best suited to one’s own assessment of the issues. Scepticim, syncretism, and doctrinalism seem to be the only available options, and as the vast literature of the subject clearly indicates, whichever way one turns, one has one’s work cut out.2 Vast though the literature is, a great deal yet remains to be said and done. It strikes me as a surprising fact about the mass of philosophical literature regarding free will that so little attention has been devoted to evolutionary considerations. Given the evolutionary development of mankind’s intellect, nothing would seem more natural than to expect that a resource like free will—if actually present in homo sapiens—would be a feature arising in the course of this creatures’ evolutionary emergence in nature’s scheme of things, much like intelligence, language, and aesthetic sensibly. Somehow this rather obviously relevant line of thinking seems to have remained very much on the back burner. A striking feature of the topic is its inherent contentiousness. One might think that most discussants would favor this seemingly unique feature of homo sapiens as the crown of creation. Not so! For every friend to free will there is an equal and opposite foe. It seems that Newton’s second law is also in operation in philosophy—every action on such a topic evokes an equal and opposite reaction. Yet, when confronted with such a vast bibliography, what is one to make of the situation that it represents? It soon becomes all too clear that every book or article favoring free will is matched by in opposition—and conversely. If voting on a philosophical issue were to be doctrinally determinative—which fortunately it is not—then the free will controversy (like so many others!) would end in a tie.

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And just this phenomenon is, in fact, a vivid counterindication to the historicist idea that every philosopher—and indeed every thinker—is locked into the thought-world of his own contemporaneous culture so that the thinkers of different eras and cultures never actually discuss the same issues, idea, or question. For in no era on philosophic history has free-will problem fallen from view— every era and virtually every important thinker throughout the history of philosophy has addressed the question. And despite the diversity of answers across the whole spectrum of yes-no-maybe-so responses, there has been in substantial agreement in keeping the question broadly in line with its original articulation. Notwithstanding, the variety of views about the existence and bearing of freedom of the will, there has throughout been an ongoing identity of concern with one such essentially selfsame issue, namely that posed in the deliberations of the Platonic Socrates in the Phaedo passage cited at the outset—to wit, the comparative role of external agencies vs. personal choice in the determination of human actions. The perduring identity of the question at issue mandates the problem of free will as a clear illustration of the identity model of conceptual development. Even those who sought to reject the problem of the will’s freedom as ultimately meaningless have been in substantial agreement with their opponents as regards what the controversy over free will is actually about. The issue of freedom of the will thus affords a vivid and telling illustration of the possibility of a conceptual commonality of philosophical concern across the divide of time and place. 1

Plato, Phaedo 98C.

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On this issue see Nicholas Rescher, The Strife of Systems (Pittsburgh: University of Pitsburgh Pressm 1985).

Bibliography

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in primam partem S. Thomae (Alcalá de Henares: Antonium Duplastre, 1632). Albritton, Rogers, “Freedom of the Will and Freedom of Action,” Presidential Address, Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, vol. 59 (1985), pp. 239-51. Alexander, Archibald, Theories of the Will in the History of Philosophy (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1898). Alexander, Larry and Maimon Schwarzschild, “Liberalism, Neutrality, and Equality of Welfare vs. Equality of Resources,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol. 16 (1987), pp. 85-110. Alexander of Aphrodisias, De Fato, translated in R. W. Sharples, Alexander of Aphrodisias on Fate: Text, Translation, and Commentary (London: Duckworth, 1983). Alexander of Hales, Glossa in IV libros sententiarum, lib II, dist. 25: “De libero arbitrio et de postestate peccandi.” Alexander of Hales, Summa Theologica, 2 vols. (Quaracchi: Collegii S. Bonaventurae, 1924-1948). Alexander, Patrick Proctor, Mill and Carlyle. An Examination of J. S. Mill’s Doctrine of Causation in Relation to Moral Freedom (Edinburgh, W. P. Nimmo 1866). Alexander, Samuel, “Freedom,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, vol. 14 (1914), pp. 322-51. Alfonsi, Alf, “Sensazione e libertà nel pensiero de E. Kant,” Rivista di Filosofia, vol. 1 (1919). Alker, Henry, “Will Power,” Analysis, vol. 21 (1961), pp. 78-81. Allen, Colin, “It isn’t What You Think: A New Idea about Intentional Causation,” Noûs, vol. 29 (1995), pp. 115-26. Allen, Diogenes, “Deliberations and the Regularity of Behavior, American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 9 (1972), pp 251-57. Allen, John, Illustrations of Mr. Hume’s Essay Concerning Liberty and Necessity (London: J. Johnson, 1795). Allen, Robert, “Responsibility and Motivation,” Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol. 35 (1997), pp. 289-99. Allen, Robert, “Re-Examining Frankfurt Cases,” Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol. 37 (1999), pp. 363-76.

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André, Marie-Madeleine, Patricia M. St. John and Ruth Guinard, Libre! (Lausanne-Pully: Editions Le grain de blé 1970). Andreae, Jacob, De libero hominis arbitrio (Copenhagen, 1630). Also Disputatio de viribus humanis, seu de libero artitrio (Tübingen: Gruppenbachius, 1571). Andreasen, Nancy C., “Linking Mind and Brain in the Study of Mental Illnesses,” Science, vol. 275 (1997), pp. 1586-1593. Anglin, W. S., Free Will and the Christian Faith (Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990). Anonymous, An Occasional Discourse Concerning God’s Foreknowledge and Man’s Free-agency [London, 1687]. Anonymous, [A necessitarian], Illustrations of Mr. Hume’s Essay Concerning Liberty and Necessity; In Answer to Dr. Gregory of Edinburgh (London: J. Johnson, 1795). Anonymous, An Essay on the Extent of Human and Divine Agency in the Production of Saving Faith (Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1827). Anonymous, Predestination and Freewill: Two Sermons (London: C. J. G. & F. Rivington, 1829). Ansbro, John J., “Individual Freedom in the Hegelian State,” Philosophical Studies, vol. 18 (1969), pp. 48-57. Anscombe, G. E. M., Intention (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1957). Anscombe, G. E. M., Causality and Determination: An Inaugural Lecture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971). Anscombe, G. E. M., “Soft Determinism,” in Gilbert Ryle (ed.), Contemporary Aspects of Philosophy (Boston: Oriel Press, 1976). Anscombe, G. E. M., Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Mind (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1981). Anscombe, G. E. M., “Causality and Determination,” in The Collected Philosophical Papers of G. E. M. Anscombe, vol. 2 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1981), pp. 139-163. Reprinted in Ekstrom 2000, pp. 57-73. Ansell-Pearson, Keith, “Nietzsche and the Problem of the Will in Modernity in Nietzsche and Modern German Thought,” in his Nietzsche Contra Rousseau: A Study of Nietzsche’s Moral and Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991). Anselm, Saint, De libertate arbitrii [1080-86].

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Anselm, Saint, De casu diaboli [1080-86]. Anselm, Saint, Opera Omnia, ed. S. Schmidt, 5 vol’s (Edinburgh: T. Nelson & Sons, 1940-61). Anselm, Saint, Truth, Freedom, and Evil, translated by Jasper Hopkins and “Herbert Richardson (New York: Harper and Row, 1965). (Includes Anselm’s treatises, “On Freedom of Choice and on the Fall of the Devil,” Three Philosophic Dialogues, tr. by Thomas Williams (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2002). Antweiler, Anton, Das Problem der Willensfreiheit (Freiburg: Herder, 1955). Apostol, Pavel, “96 Saetze ueber Tod und Freiheit in Hegel’s Philosophie und in unserer Zeit,” Praxis, vol. 6 (1971), pp. 191-202. Applanus, Constantius, Soliloquia de humani arbitrii libertate et potestate (Cremona: Carolus Darlerius, 1496). Aquinas, St. Thomas, Summa theologiae (Strassburg: Johann Mentelin, 1463). Aquinas, St. Thomas, Summa de veritate revisa et commentario instructa a Theodorico de Susteren (Köln: Heinrich Quentell, 1499). Aquinas, St. Thomas, Summa contra gentiles. Aquinas, St. Thomas, Quaestiones disputatae de malo q. 6. Aquinas, St. Thomas, Quaestiones disputatae de veritate qq. 22-24. Aquinas, St. Thomas, Treatise on Happiness, tr. by John A. Oesterle (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1964). (The twenty-one questions from Summa theologiae dealing with human action and freedom.) Aquinas, St. Thomas, On the Free Choice of the Will, tr. Thomas Williams (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1993). Arbib, Michael A., The Metaphorical Brain 2: Neural Networks and Beyond (New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1989). Ardal, P. S., “Motives, Intentions, and Responsibility,” Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 15 (1965), pp. 146-54. Arenella, Peter, “Character, Choice, and Moral Agency: The Relevance of Character to Our Mora Culpability Judgments,” Social Philosophy and Policy, vol. 7 (1990), pp. 59-83. Arendt, Hannah, Vom Leben des Geistes, 2 vol’s (München: Piper, 1979). Arendt, Hannah, “The Life of the Mind: Augustine, Aquinas and Scotus,” Augustinian Studies, vol. 18 (1978), pp. 107-24.

8

Nicholas Rescher • Free Will Biblography

Arieli, Silvano, The Will to be Human (New York: Quadrangle Books, 1972). Aristotle, Metaphysics. Aristotle, De interpretatione. Aristotle, De motu animalia. Aristotle, Eudemian Ethics. Aristotle, Nicomachaean Ethics. Aristotle, Physics. Arminius, James, The writings of James Arminius, 3 vols., ed. by James Nicholas and W. R. Bagnall (Grand Rapids: Gaker, 1956). [Vol. 1 contains his disputations on free will.] Armstrong, D. M., A Materialist Theory of the Mind (London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1968). Armstrong, D. M., Belief, Truth, and Knowledge (London: Cambridge University Press, 1973). Armstrong, D. M., “Acting and Trying,” in his The Nature of the Mind (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1981), pp. 68-88. Armstrong, D. M. and Norman Malcolm (eds.), Consciousness and Causality: A Debate on the Nature of Mind (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984). Arneson, Richard J., “Freedom and Desire,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 15 (1985), pp. 425-48. Arola, Adam, “Under the Aspect of Eternity: Thinking Freedom in Spinoza’s ‘Ethics’,” Topicos, vol. 32 (2007), pp. 139-59. Aróstegui, Antonio, La libertad: Estudio filosófico y religioso (Madrid: Editorial M.A.S., 1960). Arpaly, Nomy, Merit, Meaning, and Human Bondage: An Essay on Free Will (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2006). Asmus, W. F., “La dialéctica entre necesidad y libertad en Hegel,” Filosofskie Nauki, vol. 12 (1970), pp. 92-101. Aspenson, Steven S., “Reply To O’Connor’s ‘A Variation of the Free Will Defense’,” Faith and Philosophy, vol. 6, (1989), pp. 95-98. Assman, W. A. G., Das Gesetz über die persönliche Freiheit (Mülheim: Bagael, 1896).

9

FREE WILL BIBLIOGRAPHY

Astner, Peter, Kausalität, Motivation Schopenhauer (Wien, 1915).

und

Determinismus

bei

Astrada, Carlos, Le ética formal y los valores: Ensayo de una revaloración existencial de la moral kantiana orientado en el problema de la libertad (La Plata: López, 1938). Atherton, Catherine, “Reductionism, Rationality and Responsibility: A Discussion of Tim O’Keefe, ‘Epicurus on Freedom’,” Archiv fuer Geschichte der Philosophie, vol 89 (2007), pp. 192-230. Atmanspacher, Harald and Robert Bishop (eds.), Between Chance and Choice: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Determinism (Thorverton UK: Imprint Academic, 2002). Atkins, Kim, “Autonomy and Autonomy Competencies: A Practical and Relational Approach,” Nursing Philosophy, vol. 7 (2007), pp. 205-15. Attfield, Robin, “Talents, Abilities, and Virtues,” Philosophy, vol. 46 (1971), pp. 255-58. Atwell, John E., “Sartre and Action Theory” in Hugh J. Silverman and Frederick A. Elliston (eds.), Jean-Paul Sartre: Contemporary Approaches to His Philosophy (Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1980.) Aubry, Gwenälle, “Individuation, particularisation et détermination selon Plotin,” Phronesis, vol. 53 (2008), pp. 271-89. Audi, Robert, “Intentionalistic Explanations of Action,” Metaphilosophy, vol. 2 (1971), pp. 241-50. Audi, Robert, “Intending,” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 70 (1973), pp. 387403. Audi, Robert, “Moral Responsibility, Freedom, and Compulsion,” American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 19 (1974), pp. 25-39. Audi, Robert, “Avoidability and Possible Worlds,” Philosophical Studies, vol. 33 (1978), pp. 413-21. Audi, Robert, “Weakness of Will and Practical Judgment,” Noûs, vol. 13 (1979), pp. 173-96. Audi, Robert, “Inductive-Nomological Explanations and Psychological Laws,” Theory and Decision, vol. 13 (1981), pp. 229-49. Audi, Robert, “Acting for Reasons,” The Philosophical Review, vol. 95 (1986), pp. 511-46. Audi, Robert, Practical Reasoning (London: Routledge, 1989).

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Nicholas Rescher • Free Will Biblography

Audi, Robert, “Autonomy, Reason and Desire,” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 72 (1991), pp. 247-71. Audi, Robert, “Responsible Action and Virtuous Character,” Ethics, vol. 101 (1991), pp. 304-21. Audi, Robert, Action, Intention, and Reason (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993). Audi, Robert, “Philosophical Naturalism at the Turn of the Century,” Journal of Philosophical Research, vol. 25 (2000), pp. 27-45. Auer, Johannes, Die menschliche Willensfreiheit im Lehrsystem des Thomas von Aquin und Johannes Duns Scotus (München: Max Hueber Verlag, 1938). Augustine, Saint, Confessions. Augustine, Saint, De gratia et libero arbitrio. Augustine, Saint, Contra Palagianos et Celestianos hyponosticon Augustine, Saint, De libero arbitrio translated by Anna S. Benjamin and L. H. Hackstaff as On the Free Choice of the Will (Indianapolis, IN: BobbsMerrill, 1964). Also in Augustine, Earlier Writings translated by J. H. S. Burleigh, The Library of Christian Classics, vol. 6 (1955). Also in R. E. Dewey and J. A. Gould (eds.), Freedom: Its History, Nature, and Varieties (New York: Macmillan, 1970). Also On the Free Choice of the Will, translated by Thomas William (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1993). Augustine, Saint, Contra Julianum. Augustine, Saint, De divinatione. Augustine, Saint, The City of God. [See especially Book I, chap. 21.] Augustino, Ricardus, Laqueus contritus, seu falsa calumnia, vera confutata responsione, quae doctrina Augustino thomistica de Dei gratia et creata libertate summorum pontificum decretis ... ac romanorum censorum judicio a calvinismi et jansenismi crimine (Leyden, 1736). Aulus, Gellius, The Attic Nights. Aune, Bruce, “Abilities, Modalities, and Free Will,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 23 (1963), pp. 397-413. Aune, Bruce, “Hypotheticals and Can, another Look,” Analysis, vol. 27 (1967), pp. 191-95. Aune, Bruce, “Free Will, ‘Can,’ and Ethics: A Reply to Lehrer,” Analysis, vol. 30 (1970), pp. 77-83.

FREE WILL BIBLIOGRAPHY

11

Aune, Bruce, “Prichard, Action and Volition,” Philosophical Studies, vol. 25 (1974), pp. 97-116. Aune, Bruce, Reason and Action (Dordrecht: Reidel, 1977). Austin, John Langshaw, “A Plea for Excuses,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, vol. 57 (1956-1957), pp. 1-30. Austin, John Langshaw, “Ifs and Cans,” in his Philosophical Papers ed. by J. O. Urmson and G. J. Warnock (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961). Ayer, Alfred Jules, Language, Truth, and Logic (New York: Dover Publications, 1952). Ayer, Alfred Jules, Philosophical Essays, (London: Macmillan, 1954). [Contains his influential essay on “Freedom and Necessity which was also reprinted in Gary Watson, Free Will (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982), pp. 15-23. Ayer, Alfred Jules, “Fatalism,” in his Concept of a Person and Other Essays (London: Macmillan, 1963). Ayer, Alfred Jules, “Free Will and Rationality,” in Zak van Straaten (ed.), Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to P. F. Strawson (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980). Ayer, Alfred Jules, “Free-Will and Determinism in Logical Foundations,” in Indira Mahalingam (ed.), Logical Foundations: Essays in Honor of D. J. O’Connor (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991). Ayers, Michael R., The Refutation of Determinism: An Essay in Philosophical Logic (London: Methuen, 1968) Baars, Bernard, A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988). Baars, Bernard, “Why Violation is a Foundation Problem of Psychology,” Consciousness and Cognition, vol. 2 (1993), pp. 281-309. Baars, Bernard, “In the Theatre of Consciousness: Global Workspace Theory, A Rigorous Scientific Theory of Consciousness,” Journal of Consciousness Studies, vol. 4 (1997), pp. 292-309. Babloyantz, A. and A. Destexhe, “Strange Attractors in the Human Cortex,” in Ludger Rensing, Uwe an der Heiden, and Michael C Mackey(eds.), Temporal Disorder in Human Oscillatory Systems (New York: Springer Verlag, 1987),pp. 132-143. Babcock, William, “Augustine on Sin and Moral Agency,” Journal of Religious Ethics, vol. 16 (1988), pp. 28-55.

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Nicholas Rescher • Free Will Biblography

Baç, Murat, “Causal Determinants, Reasons, and Substantive Autonomy: A Critical Approach to Agency,” Problemos: Mokslo Darbai, vol. 72, (2007), pp. 135-44. Bach, Kent, “A Representational Theory of Action,” Philosophical Studies, vol. 34 (1978), pp. 361-79. Bachelard, Gaston, L’activité rationaliste de la physique contemporaine (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1951). Baertschi, E. Pestalozzi, “Pestalozzis Begriff der Freiheit,” Schweizerische Lehrerzeitung, vol. 89 (1944), pp. 553-60. Bagshawe, Edward, A Letter To Mr. Thomas Pierce, Rector of Brington Containing Amongst other Things, a Brief State of the Question About Gods Decrees: To Which is Annexed an Exercitation in Latine Concerning Free-Will (London: A. M., 1659). Baggett, David and Shawn E. Klein (eds.), Harry Potter and Philosophy: If Aristotle Ran Hogwarts (Chicago: Open Court, 2004). Bagot, Jean, Libertatis et gratiae christianae defensio adversus Calvinum et Pelagium in Cornelio jansenio Batavo redivivos Thoma Augustino (Paris: Cramoisy, 1633). Bahm, Archie J., “The Freedom-Determinism Controversy,” Pakistan Philosophical Journal, vol. 9 (1965), pp. 48-55. Bahnsen, Julius Friedrich August, Zum Verhältniss zwischen Wille und Motiv; eine metaphysische Voruntersuchung zur Charakterologie (Stolp: Eschenhagen, 1870). Baier, Annette, Postures of the Mind: Essays on Mind and Morals (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1985). Baier, Kurt, The Moral Point of View: A Rational Basis of Ethics (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1958). Baier, Kurt, “Could and Would,” Analysis Supplement (1963), pp. 20-29. Baier, Kurt, “Responsibility and Action,” in Myles Brand (ed.), The Nature of Human Action (1970), pp. 100-16. Bailey, Andrew, First Philosophy: Fundamental Problems and Readings in Philosophy, Concise edition (Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2006). Bailey, Cyril, The Greek Atomists and Epicurus (New York: Russell & Russell, 1964). Bain, Alexander, The Emotions and the Will (London: John W. Parker & Son, West Strand, 1859).

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13

Bain, Alexander, Mental and Moral Science, 2nd ed. (London: Longmans, Green, 1868). Bain, Alexander, “Dr. Ward on Free-will,” Mind, vol. 5 (1880), pp. 226-53. Baker, Arthur, “Consistency of the Eternal Purpose of God with the Free Agency of Man,” Bibliotheca Sacra and Theological Review, vol. 5 “The Pelagain Controversy” (1847), p. 205. Baker, Deane-Peter, “Divine Foreknowledge—So What?“ Heythrop Journal, vol. 46 (2005), pp. 60-65. Baker, Lynne Rudder, “Metaphysics and Mental Causation,” in John Heil and Alfred R. Mele (eds.), Mental Causation (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993). Baker, Lynne Rudder, Persons and Bodies: A Constitution View (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). Baker, Lynne Ruder, “Why Christians should not be Libertarians: An Augustinian Challenge,” Faith and Philosophy, vol. 20 (2003), pp. 460-78. Baker, Lynne Rudder, “Moral Responsibility without Libertarianism,” Noûs, vol. 40 (2006), pp. 307-30. Baker, Lynne Rudder, “The Irrelevance of the Consequence Argument,” Analysis, vol 68 (2008), pp. 13-22. Balaguer, Mark, “Libertarianism as a Scientifically Reputable View,” Philosophical Studies, vol. 93 (1999), pp. 189-211. Balaguer, Mark, “A Coherent, Naturalistic, and Plausible Formulation of Libertarian Free Will,” Noûs, vol. 38 (2004), pp. 379-406. Balaguer, Mark, “The Metaphysical Irrelevance of the Compatibilism Debate (and, More Generally, of Conceptual Analysis),” Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol. 47 (2009), pp. 1-24. Balaguer, Mark, “Why There Are No Good Arguments for Any Interesting Version of Determinism” Synthese, vol. 168 (2009), pp. 1-21 Balázs, Zoltán, “A Hierarchical Theory of Free Will,” in Magyar Filozof Szemle (19999), pp. 199-222. Baldi, Marialuisa, “Tra giacobiti e massoni. La libertà secondo Ramsay,” in Luisa Simonutti, Dal necessario al possible (Milano: FrancoAngeli. 1998). Balfour, James, Philosophical Essays. I. Of the Academical Philosophy. II. Of active Power. III. Of liberty and Necessity (Edinburgh: Balfour, Auld, and Smellie, 1768).

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Ballauff, Theodor, Fichtes Freiheitslehre: Eine Auswahl aus seinen Schriften (Düsseldorf: L. Schwann, 1956). Bally, Gustav, Vom Ursprung und von den Grenzen der Freiheit; eine Deutung des Spiels bei Tier und Mensch (Basel: B. Schwabe & Co., 1945). Bamberg, Irmgard, Das Prinzip der Freiheit in Jakob Wassermanns Werken (Berlin: R. Pfau, 1934). Bandura, Albert, “Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change,” Psychological Review, vol. 84 (1977), pp. 191-215. Bandura, Albert, Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control (New York: H H. Freeman, 1997). Bandura, Albert, “Self-Efficacy: The Foundation of Agency,” in W. J. Perrig and A, Grob (eds.), Control of Human Behaviour, mental Processes and Consciousness (Mahwak, NJ: Erlbaum, 2000), pp. 17-33. Bandura, Albert, “Human Agency in Social Cognitive Theory,” American Psychologist, vol. 44, (1989), pp. 1175-84. Barbour, Ian G., “Taking Science Seriously without Scientism: A Response to Taede Smedes,” Zygon, vol. 43 (2008), pp. 259-69. Bargh, John A. and Tanya L. Chartrand, “The Unbearable Automaticity of Being,” American Psychologist, vol. 54 (1999), pp. 462-79. Barnhart, Joe, “Theodicy and the Free Will Defence: Response to Plantinga and Flew,” Religious Studies, vol. 13 (1977), pp. 439-53. Barnhart, Joe, “Does the Creator Practice Planned Birth Control?” Southwest Philosophical Studies, vol. 5 (1980), pp. 90-93. Barnhart, Joe, “Tolstoy on Free Will,” Personalist Forum, vol. 11 (1995), pp. 33-54. Barnes, Ernest William, Scientific Theory and Religion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1935). Baronius, Robert, Metaphysica Generalis: ad usum theologiæ passim accomodata: Opus postumum (Leiden, 1654). Includes a chapter “De Libertate arbitrii in homine”. Barrett, Thomas Squire, A New View of Causation (London: Provost & Co, 1871). Barrett, William, “Determinism and Novelty,” Sidney Hook (ed.), Determinism and Freedom in the Age of Modern Science (New York: New York University Press, 1958), pp. 30-42.

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Barry, Brian, “The Politics of Free Will,” Tijdschrift voor Filosofie, vol. 59 (1997), pp. 615-30. Barvosa-Carter, Edwina, “Mestiza Autonomy As Relational Autonomy: Ambivalence & the Social Character of Free Will,” Journal of Political Philosophy, vol. 15 (2007), pp. 1-21. Baserge, E., libero arbitrio e le Scuole positive italiane (Castelnuovo: Ferrari, 1903). Basil-Neto, J. P., A. Pascual-Leone, J. Valls-Solé, L. G. Cohen, and M. Hallett, “Focal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Response Bias in a Forced-Choice Task,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, vol. 55 (1992), pp. 964-66. Basinger, David, “Human Freedom and Divine Omnipotence: Some New Thoughts on an Old Problem,” Religious Studies, vol. 15 (1979), pp. 491-510. Basinger, David, “Christian Theism and the Free Will Defence,” Sophia, vol. 19 (1980), pp. 20-33. Basinger, David, “Anderson on Plantinga: a Response,” Philosophy Research Archives, vol. 8, No. 1499 (1982). Basinger, David, “Plantinga’s ‘Free-Will Defense’ as a Challenge to Orthodox Theism,” American Journal of Theology and Philosophy, vol. 3 (1983), pp. 35-41. Basinger, David, “Middle Knowledge and Human Freedom: Some Clarifications,” Faith and Philosophy, vol. 4 (1987), pp. 330-36. Basinger, David, “Process Theism versus Free-Will Theism: A Response to Griffin,” Process Studies, vol. 20 (1991), pp. 204-20. Basinger, David, “Simple Foreknowledge and Providential Control,” Faith and Philosophy, vol. 10 (1993), pp. 421-27. Basinger, David, The Case for Freewill Theism: A Philosophical Assessment (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1996). Basinger, David, and Randall Basinger, “Divine Omnipotence: Plantinga vs. Griffin,” Process Studies, vol. 11 (1981), pp. 11-24. Basinger, David, and Randall Basinger, “Divine Determinateness and the Free Will Defense: Some Clarifications,” Philosophy Research Archives, vol. 8, No. 1517 (1982). Bassham, Gregory, “The Prophecy-Driven Life: Fate and Freedom at Hogwarts,” in David Baggett and Shawn Klein, Harry Potter and Philosophy: If Aristotle Ran Hogwarts (Chicago, Ill.: Open Court, 2004).

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Bassoff, Bruce, “Free Will and Determinism,” Journal of Existentialism, vol. 4 (1964), pp. 259-62. Bauch, Bruno, “Schiller und die Idee der Freiheit,” Kantstudien, vol. 10 (1905), pp. 346-72. Baum, Manfred, “Common Welfare and Universal Will in Hegel’s Philosophy of Right,” in Robert B. Pippin and Otfried Höffe (eds.), Hegel on Ethics and Politics (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004). Baum, Manfred, “Positive und negative Freiheit bei Kant,” Jahrbuch fuer Recht und Ethik, vol. 16 (2008), pp. 45-56. Baumann, Peter, “Über Zwang,” in Monika Betzler (ed.), Autonomes Handeln: Beiträge zur Philosophie von Harry G. Frankfurt,” (Berlin: Akadmie Verlag, 2000), pp. 71-84. Baumgartner, Hans Michael, Schellings Weg zur Freiheitsschrift Legende und Wirklichkeit (Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog, 1996). Baumgartner, Michael, “The Causal Chain Problem,” Erkenntnis, vol. 69 (2008), pp. 201-26. Baumann, Peter, “Über Zwang,” in Monika Betzler and Barbara Guckes, Autonomes Handeln: Beiträge zur Philosophie von Harry G. Frankfurt (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2000). Baumann, Peter, “Coercion and the Varieties of Free Action,” Ideas y Valores, vol. 122 (2003), pp. 31-49. Baumeister, Roy F., Todd Heatherton, and M. T. Dianne, Losing Control: How and Why People Fail at Self-Regulation (San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1994), Baumeister, Roy F. and Todd Heatherton, “Self-Regulation Failure: An Overview,” Psychological Inquiry, vol. 7 (1996), pp. 1-5. Baumeister, Roy F. and K. L. Sommer, “Consciousness, Free Choice, and Automaticity,” in Robert S. Wyer Jr. (ed.), Advances in Social Cognition, vol. X (Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1997). Baumgartner, H. M., (ed.), Prinzip Freiheit: Eine Auseinandersetzung um Chancen und Grenzen transzendentalphilosophischen Denkens (Freiburg & München: Karl Albert, 1979). Baumm, Alphons W., Die Freiheit des Menschen (Kreuzberg: O. S., 1894). Bavaud, Georges, “Les rapports de la grace et des libre arbitre: un dialogue entre Saint Bernard, Saint Thomas d’Aquin et Calvin’, Verbum Caro, vol. 14 (1960) pp. 328-38.

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Bay, Christian, The Structure of Freedom (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1958). Bayer, Oswald, “Marcuses Kritik an Luthers Freiheitsbegriff,” Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche, vol. 67 (1970), pp. 453-78. Baylis, Charles A., “Rational Preference, Determinism, and Moral Obligation,” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 47 (1950), pp. 57-63. Bayonas, A., “La notion du mal dans la philosophie de l’histoire de Hegel,” Filosofia Athinai, vol. 7 (1977), pp. 492-509. Beardsley, Elizabeth, “Excusing Conditions and Moral Responsibility,” in Sidney Hook (ed.), Determinism and Freedom in the Age of Modern Science (New York: New York University Press, 1958), pp. 133-36. Beardsley, Elizabeth, “Determinism and Moral Perspectives,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 21 (1960), pp. 1-20. Reprinted in Wilfrid Sellars and John Hospers, Readings in Ethical Theory, second edition (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1970), pp. 654-68. Beattie, James, Elements of Moral Science, 2 vols. (Edinburgh: William Creech, 1790-1793). Beaty, Michael D. and Alvin Plantinga, Christian Theism and the Problems of Philosophy (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1990). von Becanus, Martinus, Disputado theologica de duplice praedestinatione: Calvinistarum desperate una; Catholicorum orthodoxa altera (Mainz: J. Albinus, 1602). von Becanus, Martinus, Questio de differentia inter Calvinistas, Pelagianos et Catholicos in negotio praedestinationis (Mainz: J. Albinus, 1609). Beck, Lewis White, “Conscious and Unconscious Motives,” Mind, vol. 75 (1966), pp. 155-79. Beck, Lewis White, The Actor and the Spectator (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975). Beckermann, Ansgar (ed.), Analytische Handlungstheorie 2: Handlungserklärungen (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1977). Beckermann, Ansgar, Gründe und Ursachen: Zum vermeintlich grundsätzlichen Unterschied zwischen mentalen Handlungserklärungen und wissenschaftlich-kausalen Erklärungen (Kronberg/Ts.: ScriptorVerlag, 1977). Beckermann, Ansgar, Gehirn, Ich, Freiheit: Neurowissenschaften und Menschenbild (Paderborn: Mentis, 2008).

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Beckermann, Ansgar, H. Flohr and Jaegwon Kim, Emergence or Reduction? Essays on the Prospects of Nonreductive Physicalism (Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 1992). Beckwith, James, The Free Agency of Man: Being the Substance of a Discourse on that Subject, Delivered in the Methodist Chapel, Dunfermline, on Sunday, 15th Nov. 1818. Beebee, Helen, “Local Miracle Compatibilism,” Noûs, vol. 37 (2003), pp. 25877. Beebee, Helen and Alfred Mele, “Humean Compatibilism,” Mind, vol. 111 (2002), pp. 201-23. Beebee, Helen and Julian Dodd, Reading Metaphysics: Selected Texts with Interactive Commentary (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007). Beets, François, “Nihil ex nihilo exsistere: Du hasard, de la causalité de la providence et du libre-artitre: Sur le ‘De Consolatione Philosophiae’, V, 1-2 de Boèce,” in François Beets and Gavray Marc-Antoine (eds.), Logique et ontologie: Perspectives diachroniques et synchroniques (Liège: Éditions Université de Liège. 2005). Beetz, K. O., “Naturnotwendigkeit und psychische Freiheit,” in Deutsche Schule, vol. ii (1898), pp. 449, 513, and 588. van Beijnen, Beda, “De opvatting van de menselijke wilsvrijheid in de NeoScholastiek,” Studia Catholica, vol. 31 (1956), pp. 207-26 and 263-86. Beirnaert, Louis, (ed.) Qu’est-ce que vouloir? (Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1958). Béjar Gallego, Manuel, “Conciencia, creatividad y libertad: Sobre la naturaleza creativa libre de la conciencia en la correspondencia entre David Bohm y Charles Biederman,” Pensamiento, vol. 241 (2008), pp. 447-71. Bell, D. R. “Imperatives and the Will,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, vol. 66 (1965-66), pp. 129-48. Beltrán, Miquel, “Deliberación y posibilidades alternativas,” Philosophica Malacitana, vol. 5 (1992), pp. 9-20. Beninca, A., La libertà umana nell’ethica ni B. Spinoza (Caravate: Gabriel, 1952). Ben-Menahem, Yemina, “Free Will and Foreknowledge,” Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 38, (1988), pp. 486-89. Benn, Stanley I., “Freedom and Persuasion,” Australasian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 45, (1967), pp. 259-75. Benn, Stanley I., “Freedom, Autonomy and the Concept of a Person,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, vol. 66 (1976), pp. 109-30.

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Benn, Stanley, A Theory of Freedom (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988). Benn, Stanely and W. L. Weinstein, “Being Free to Act and Being a Free Man,” in Richard E. Flathman, Concepts in Social and Political Philosophy (New York: Macmillan, 1973). Benn, Stanley and W. L. Weinstein, “Freedom and the Non-Restriction of Option: a Rejoinder,” Mind, vol. 83 (1974), pp. 435-38. Bennett, Daniel, “Action, Reason and Purpose,” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 62 (1965), pp. 85-95. Bennett, Jonathan, “Accountability,” in Zak van Straaten (ed.), Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to P. F. Strawson (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980). Bennett, Jonathan, The Act Itself (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995). Bennett, M. R., and P. M. S. Hacker, Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003). Bennett, Philip W., “Evil, God and the Free Will Defense,” Australasian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 51 (1973), pp. 39-50. Bennett, W., Religion and Free Will (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913). Benson, Joseph, Remarks on Dr. Priestley’s System of Materialism, Mechanism, and Necessity: In a Series of Letters to the Reverend Mr. Wesley, Introductory to an Essay Towards the Proof of an Immortal Spirit in Man (Hull: Printed by George Prince, 1788). Benson, Paul, “Ordinary Ability and Free Action,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 17 (1987), pp. 307-35. Benson, Paul, “Freedom and Value,” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 84 (1987), pp. 465-87. Benson, Paul, “The Moral Importance of Free Action,” Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol. 28 (1990), pp. 1-18. Benson, Paul, “Free Agency and Self-Worth,” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 91 (1994), pp. 650-68. Bentham, Jeremy, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (London: T. Payne, 1789). Beresford, James, Strictures on “A Sermon,” entitled “An Examination of the Doctrines of Calvin”: Preached at a Visitation at Leicester, on Friday, July 2, 1818, by the Rev. J. Beresford, M.A., and on “a letter” to him, by the Rev. Edward Thomas Vaughan (London: L. B. Seeley, 1818).

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Berger, Karl, Das Problem der Willensfreiheit (Wien & Leipzig: Franz Deuticke, 1896.). Bergess-Jackson, Keith, “Free Will, Omnipotence, and the Problem of Evil,” American Journal of Theology and Philosophy, vol. 9, (1988), pp. 17585. Bergmann, Frithjof, On Being Free (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1977). Bergmann, Michael, “Might-Counterfactuals, Transworld Untrustworthiness and Plantinga’s Free Will Defence,” Faith and Philosophy, vol. 16 (1999), pp. 336-51. Bergmann, Michael, “Molinist Frankfurt-Style Counterexamples and the Free Will Defense,” Faith and Philosophy, vol. 19 (2002), pp. 462-78. Bergson, Henri, Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience (Paris: F. Alcan, 1889). Bergson, Henri, Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness (New York: Allen and Unwin, 1910). Bergson, Henri, Matière et memórire: Essai sur la relation du corps à l’esprit (Paris: F. Alcan, 1912). Tr. by Nancy Margaret Paul and W. Scott Palmer, Matter and Memory (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1912). Berkeley, George, Three Dialogues between Hylas and PhiloNoûs. The Design of Which is Plainly to Demonstrate the Reality and Perfection of Humane Knowledge, the Incorporeal Nature of the Soul, and the Immediate Providence of a Deity: In Opposition to Sceptics and Atheists. Also, to Open a Method to Rendering the Sciences More Easy, Useful, and Compendious (London: G. James, for Henry Clements, 1713). Berlin, Isaiah, Historical Inevitability (London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1955). Berlin, Isaiah, Two Concepts of Liberty (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1958, reprinted 1966). Berlin, Isaiah, Four Essays on Liberty (London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1969). Berlin, Isaiah, “From Hope and Fear Set Free,” in his Concepts and Categories (New York: Viking Press, 1979), pp. 108-27. Berman, Sophie, “Human Free Will in Anselm and Descartes,” The Saint Anselm Journal, vol. 2 (2004), pp. 1-9. Bernal, J. D., The Freedom of Necessity (London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1949).

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Bernard, Claude, La liberté et le déterminisme (Paris: F. Alcan, 1890). Bernard de Clairvaux, De gratia et libero arbitrio in J. P. Migne (ed.) Patrologia Latina, vol. 182, (London: Chadwyck-Healey, 1996), translated as On Grace and Free Choice, by Daniel O’Donovan (Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1988). Bernhardi, Ambrosius Bethmann, Gemeinfassliche Darstellung der Kantischen Lehren über Sittlichkeit, Freyheit, Gottheit und Unsterblichkeit (Freyberg, Craz, 1796-97). Bernier, François, Traité de la liberté et de la volonté (Amsterdam, 1685). Bernstein, Mark, “Moral Responsibility and Free Will,” Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol. 19 (1981), pp. 1-10. Bernstein, Mark, “Socialization and Autonomy,” Mind, vol. 92 (1983), pp. 120-23. Bernstein, Mark, “Kane’s Free Will and Values,” Noûs, vol. 23 (1989), pp. 557-59. Bernstein, Mark, “Review of R. Kane, Free Will and Values,” Noûs, vol. 23 (1989), pp. 557-59. Bernstein, Mark, “Fatalism and Time,” Dialogue vol. 28 (1989), pp. 461-71. Bernstein, Mark, Fatalism (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992). Bernstein, Mark, “Kanean Libertarianism,” Southwest Philosophy Review, vol. 11 (1995), pp. 151-57. Bernstein, Mark, “Fatalism,” in Robert Kane (ed.), The Oxford Handbook on Free Will (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 65-84. Bernstein, Mark, “Can We Ever Be Really, Truly, Ultimately, Free?” Midwest Studies in Philosophy, vol. 29 (2005), pp. 1-12. Berofsky, Bernard, “Determinism and the Concept of a Person,” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 61 (1964), pp. 461-75. Berofsky, Bernard (ed.) Free Will and Determinism (New York: Harber & Row, 1966). [Contains papers by Hospers, Hook, Schlick, Hobart, Foot, Campbell, Broad, Mill, Sartre, Melden, Davidson, MacIntyre, Bradley, Augustine, R. Taylor, Austin, Nowell Smith, Chisholm, Campbell, Nowell Smith.] Berofsky, Bernard, “Purposive Action,” American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 7 (1970), pp. 311-20. Berofsky, Bernard, “Conceptions of Freedom,” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 67 (1970), pp. 208-20.

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Berofsky, Bernard, Determinism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971). Berofsky, Bernard, “The Metaphysics of Freedom,” Journal of Chinese Philosophy, vol. 4 (1977), pp. 161-86. Berofsky, Bernard, Freedom from Necessity: The Metaphysical Basis of Responsibility (London and New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987). Berofsky, Bernard, “On the Absolute Freedom of the Will,” American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 29 (1992), pp. 279-89. Berofsky, Bernard, Liberation from Self: A Theory of Personal Autonomy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995). Berofsky, Bernard, “Ultimate Responsibility in a Determined World,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 60 (2000), pp. 135-40. Berofsky, Bernard, “Ifs, Cans, and Free Will: The Issues,” in Robert Kane (ed.), The Oxford Handbook on Free Will (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 181-201. Berofsky, Bernard, “Autonomy without Free Will,” in James Stacey Taylor (ed.), Personal Autonomy: New Essays on Personal Autonomy and Its Role in Contemporary Moral Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005). Berofsky Bernard, “The Myth of Source,” Acta Analytica, vol. 21 (2006), pp. 3-18. Berridge, Kent C., “Motivation Concepts in Behavioral Neuroscience,” Physiology and Behaviour, vol. 81 (2004), pp. 179-209. Berry, Dianne C. and Donald E., Broadbent, “On the Relationship between Task Performance and Associated Verbalizable Knowledge,” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol. 36 (1984), pp. 209-31. Bertelé, René, “Le drame de la liberté et de la culpabilité chez H. Michaux,” Révue Interntional de Philosophie, vol. 2 (1946), pp. 245-48. Berthelot, René, “Discussions: Sur la necessité, la finalité et la liberté chez Hegel,” Bulletin de la Societé française de philosophie, vol. 7 (1907), pp. 119-40. Berthold, Fred Jr., “Free Will and Theodicy in Augustine: An Exposition and Critique,” Religious Studies, vol. 17 (1981), pp. 525-36. Bertocci, Peter A., “William James’ Psychology of Will: An Evaluation,” Philosophical Forum, vol. 4 (1946), pp. 2-13.

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Bertocci, Peter A., “Personality, Free Will and Moral Obligation,” in Willard F. Enterman (ed.), The Problem of Free Will (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1967), pp. 19-31. Bespaloff, Rachel, “L’instant et la liberté chez Montaigne,” Deucalion, vol. 3 (1950), pp. 65-107. Bessmer, Julius, Das menschliche Wollen (Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1915). Betz, H. J., Spinoza en de vrijheid: eenige bedenkingen tegen de Spinozastudie van der Heer J. H. Gunning Jr. (Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1877). Betzler, Monika and Barbara Guckes, Autonomes Handeln: Beiträge zur philosophie von Harry G. Frankfurt (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2000). Betzler, Monika and Barbara Guckes, Freiheit und Selbstbestimmung: Ausgewählte Texte (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2001). Beyer, Christian, “Moralische Personalität, Willensfreiheit und Verantwortung,” Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung, vol. 58 (2004), pp. 16791. Bhaskar, Roy, Philosophy and the Idea of Freedom (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991). Biechler, James E., “Gabriel Biel on ‘Liberum arbitrium’: Prelude to Luther’s ‘De servo arbitrio’,” The Thomist, vol. 34 (1970), pp. 114-27. Biedermann, Eginhart, “Bemerkungen zur Willensfreiheit,” Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung, vol. 45 (1991), pp. 585-95. Bielein, Dieter, “Ist der Mensch ein biologischer Automat?” in Dieter Henrich (ed.), Aspekte der Freiheit (Regensburg: Mittelbayerische Druckerei- u. Verlagsgesellschaft, 1982; Vortragsreihe der Universitaet Regensburg), pp. 55-68. Bieri, Peter, Das Handwerk der Freiheit: Über die Entdeckung des eigenen Willens (München: Hanser, 2001). Bigelow, John, Susan Dodds, and Robert Pargetter, “Temptation and the Will,” American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 27 (1990), pp. 39-49. Billia, Lorenzo Michelangelo, Ernesto Naville ed il libero arbitrio (Toriono: Nuovo Risorgimento, 1900). Binkelmann, Christoph, Theorie der praktischen Freiheit: Fichte und Hegel (Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2007). Binkley, Robert Williams, Richard N. Bronaugh and Ausonio Marras (eds.), Agent, Action, and Reason (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971).

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Birnbacher, Dieter, “Schopenhauer und die moderne Neurophilosophie,” Schopenhauer-Jarbuch, vol. 86 (2005), pp. 133-48. Birnbacher, Dieter, and Georg Küpper, “Schopenhauer und der Wert der Freiheit,” Schopenhauer-Jahrbuch, vol. 75 (1994), pp. 75-96. Bischof, Michael H., “Kann ein Konzept der Willensfreiheit auf das Prinzip der alternativen Moglichkeiten verzichten? Harry G. Frankfurts Kritik am Prinzip der alternativen Möglichkeiten,” Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung vol. 58 (2004), pp. 548-58. Bishop, John, “Agent-Causation,” Mind, vol. 93 (1983), pp. 61-79. Bishop, John, “Is Agent-Causality a Conceptual Primitive?” Synthese, vol. 67 (1986), pp. 225-47. Bishop, John, Natural Agency: An Essay on the Causal Theory of Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989). Bishop, John, “Compatibilism and the Free Will Defense,” Australasian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 71 (1993), pp. 104-20. Bishop, John, “Naturalising Mental Action,” in G. Holmstrom-Hintikka and R. Toumela (eds.), Contemporary Action Theory (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1997), pp. 251-66. Bishop. R. C., “Chaos, Indeterminism, and Free Will,” in Robert Kane, The Oxford Handbook on Free Will (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 111-26. Black, Max, “Making Something Happen,” in Sidney Hook (ed.), Determinism and Freedom in the Age of Modern Science (New York: New York University Press, 1958), pp. 15-39. Black, Sam, “Responsibility and Alternative Possibilities: The Use and Abuse of Examples,” Journal of Ethics, vol. 6 (2002), pp. 281-303. Blackburn, Simon, Essays in Quasi-Realism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993). Blackburn, Simon, “Agent Causation,” in The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994). Blackburn, Simon, Think: A Compelling Introduction to Philosophy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999). Blair, R. G., “Imagination and Freedom in Spinoza and Sartre,” Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology, vol. 1 (1970), pp. 13-16. Blanca, Garibaldi, L’autonomia della volonta e la sua eteronomia nell’idealismo moderno (Firenze: La Nuova Italia, 1973).

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Blandino, Giovanni, “The Freedom of Human Will,” Aquinas, vol. 39 (1996), pp. 189-93. Blanshard, Brand, “The Case for Determinism,” in Sidney Hook (ed.), Determinism and Freedom in the Age of Modern Science (New York: New York University Press, 1958), pp. 3-14. Blasquez-Ruiz, Francisco, “Descartes: Reflexion sur la volonte humaine,” in Venant Cauchy, Philosophie et culture: actes du XVIIe Congrès mondial de philosophie, Vol. 4. (Montréal: Éditions du Beffroi, 1988). Blauvelt, Whit, “Y’s Domains,” in Benjamin Libet, Anthony Freeman, and Keith Sutherland (eds.), The Volitional Brain: Towards a Neuroscience of Free Will (Thorverton: Imprint Academic, 1999), pp. 269-74. Bledsoe, Albert Taylor, An Examination of President Edwards’ Inquiry into the Freedom of the Will (Philadelphia: H. Hooker, 1845). Bledsoe, Albert Taylor, An Examination of President Edwards’ Inquiry into the Freedom of the Will (Philadelphia: H. Hooker, 1845). Bleicken, J., “Freiheit,” in Otto Brunner, Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexikon on zur politisch-sozialen Sprache in Deutschland (Stuttgart: E. Klett, 1972). Bloch, Ernst, Philosophische Aufsätze zur objektiven Phantasie (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1969). Block, Ned, Owen Flanagan, and Güven Güzeldere (eds.), The Nature of Consciousness: Philosophical Debates (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1997). Blum, Alex, “On a Mainstay of Incompatibilism,” Lyyum vol. 39 (1990), pp. 267-79. Blum, Alex, “N,” Analysis, vol. 60 (2000), pp. 284-86. Blum, Alex, “The Kantian versus Frankfurt,” Analysis, vol. 60 (2000), pp. 28788. Blum, Alex, “The Core of the Consequence Argument,” Dialectica, vol. 57 (2003), pp. 423-29. Blumenfeld, David, “Lehrer’s Proof of the Consistency Thesis,” Philosophical Studies, vol. 22 (1971), pp. 26-30. Blumenfeld, David, “The Principle of Alternate Possibilities,” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 68 (1971), pp. 339-45. Blumenfeld, David, “Free Action and Unconscious Motivation,” The Monist, vol. 56 (1972), pp. 426-43.

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Blumenfeld, David, “Freedom and Mind Control,” American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 25 (1988), pp. 215-27. Blumenfeld, David, “Freedom, Contingency, and Things Possible in Themselves,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 49 (1988), pp. 81-101. Blumenfeld, Jean Beer, “Is Acting Willing?” Noûs, vol. 17 (1983), pp. 183-95. Boasson, Johan Jozef, De Rechtsidee en de Vrijheidsidee bij Spinoza (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1949). Bobbio, Noberto, “Deux notions de la liberté dans la pensée politique de Kant,” in Eric Weil (ed.), La Philosophie politique de Kant, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1962), pp. 105-18. Bobzien, Susanne, “The Inadvertent Conception and Late Birth of the FreeWill Problem,” Phronesis, vol. 43 (1998), pp. 133-75. Bobzien, Susanne, Determinism and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998). Bobzien, Susanne, “Did Epicurus Discover the Free Will Problem?” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, Vol. XIX (2000), pp. 287-337. Bochet, M. A., “Les conditions de la liberté dans le système cartesien,” Congrès Descartes (1937), pp. 147-51. Bockelmann, Paul, Schuld, Schicksal und Verantwortung des Menschen (Golalr: Druckerei Winkelhagen, 1966). Bockshammer, Gustav Ferdinand, Die Freyheit des menschlichen Willens (Stutgart, 1821), translated by Abram Kaufman as On the Freedom of the Human Will, (Andover: Gould and Newman, 1835). Boden, Margaret, A., Purposive Explanation in Psychology (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972). Bodenheimer, Edgar, Philosophy of Responsibility (Littleton, Colo.: F. B. Rothman, 1980). Boeck, Jürgen, “Bietet die Gehirnforschung Einblick in Freiräume menschlichen und tierischen Verhaltens,” in Dieter Henrich (ed.), Aspekte der Freiheit (Regensburg: Mittelbayerische Druckerei- u. Verlagsgesellschaft, 1982; Vortragsreihe der Universitaet Regensburg), pp. 9-22. Boër, Steven, “The Irrelevance of the Free Will Defence,” Analysis, vol. 38 (1978), pp. 110-12. Boër, Steven and William Lycan, “Who, Me?” The Philosophical Review, vol. 89 (1980), pp. 427-66.

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Boerl, Walter, Das Problem der Willensfreiheit in der Philosophie Lotzes (Halle: Bruchdruckerei von H. John, 1910). Bogdan, Radu J., Roderick M. Chisholm (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1986). Bohm, David, Causality and Chance in Modern Physics (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999). Bois, Henri, “La Prédestination d’après Calvin,” Études sur la Réforme, (Paris: A. Colin, 1919), pp. 669-705. Boisset, Jean, Erasme et Luther (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1962). Bok, Hilary, Freedom and Responsibility (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998). Bolliger, Adolf, Die Willensfreiheit: Eine neue Antwort auf eine alte Frage (Berlin: Reimer, 1903). Bolton, Samuel, True Bounds of Christian Freedom: or a Treatise Wherein the Rights of the Law are Vindicated: The Liberties of Grace Maintained, and the Severall Late Opinions Against the Law are Examined and Confuted. Whereunto is Annexed a Discourse of the Learned John Camerons, Touching the Threefold Covenant of God with Man, Faithfully Translated, by Samuel Bolton Minister of the Word of God at SavioursSouthwark. [London: J. L. for Philemon Stephens, at the Golden-Lion in Pauls Church-yard, 1645]. Bondeson, William, “Aristotle on Responsibility for One’s Character and the Possibility of Character Change,” Phronesis, vol. 19 (1974), pp. 59-65. Bonet, Alberto, Doctrina de Suárez sobre la libertad (Barcelona: Eugenio Subirana, 1927). Bonet, Alberto, La filosofía de la libertad en las controversias teológicas del siglo XVI y primera mitad del XVII (Barcelona: Imprenta Subirana, 1932). Bonjour, Laurence, “Determinism, Libertarianism, and Agent Causation,” Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol. 14 (1976), pp. 145-56. Born, Max, Natural Philosophy of Cause and Chance (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1949). Bornatus, Gregorius, De libero hominis arbitrio (Brixiae, 1571). Borden, Frederich, Gerhard Fels and Werner Trutwin (eds.), Das Problem der Freiheit (Paderborn: F. Schöningh, 1962). Borelius, Alexander, Fatum und Freiheit: Eine Vivisektion (Stuttgart u. Humburg: Rowohlt, 1946).

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Boring, Edwin Garrigues, “When is Human Behavior Predetermined?” in Don Edwin Dulaney (ed.), Contributions to Modern Psychology (New York: Oxford University Press, 1958). Bormouth, Matthias, “Between Freedom and Necessity: Karl Jaspers Contribution to Brain Research,” Yeditepe’de Felsefe, vol. 5 (2006), pp. 54-69. Born, Max, Natural Philosophy of Cause and Chance (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1949). Bosanquet, Bernard, Psychology of the Moral Self (New York: Macmillan, 1897). Bosanquet, Bernard, The Value and Destiny of the Individual; The Gifford Lectures for 1912 Delivered in Edinburgh University, 2 vols. (London: Macmillian, 1913). Bossart, W. H., “Kant’s Doctrine of the Reciprocity of Freedom and Reason,” International Philosophy Quarterly, vol. 8 (1968), pp. 334-55. Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne, Traitez du libre-arbitre, et de la concupiscence (Paris: Chez Barthelemy Alix, 1731). This treatise appeared in the 15th vol., p. 528 of the complete edition of his works in 59 vols. (Paris, 1825). Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne, Traité du libre arbitre (Tucumán: Universidad Nacional de Tucamán, Instituto de Filosofía, 1948). Boström, Gustaf, Kritisk jemförande framställning af Kants och Schopenhauers etiska grundtankar särskildt med hänsyn till deras frithetslära och moralprincip: I. kritisk framställning af Kants frihetslära (Lund: E. Malmströms, 1897). Boström, Gustaf, Kritisk framställning af Kants frihetslära, Lunds University Arsskrift, vol. 34 (1898). Borst, Clive, “Leibniz and the Compatibilism of Free Will,” Studia Leibnitiana, vol. 24 (1992), pp. 49-58. Botezatu, Petre, “La valorisation de la conception de Kant au sujet de la liberté de la volonte,” Revista de Filozofia, vol. 28 (1981), pp. 450-51. Botham, Thad, Agent-Causation Revisited: Origination and Contemporary Theories of Free Will (Berlin: Verlag Dr. Muller, 2008). Botterill, George, “Falsification and the Existence of God: A Discussion of Plantinga’s Free Will Defence,” Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 27 (1977), pp. 114-34. Boufflers, Marquis de, On Freewill (Paris, 1810).

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Bourke, Vernon J., Human Tendencies, Will and Freedom,” L’homme et Son Destin, (1960), pp. 71-84. Bourke, Vernon J., Will in Western Thought: An Historico-critical Survey (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1964). Boutroux, Émile, “Le moral de Kant et le temps présent,” Revue de Métaphysique de le Morale, vol. 12 (1904), pp. 135-44. Boutroux, Émile, “Exposition de la Doctrine de Spinoza sur la liberté,” Revue de Métaphysique de le Morale, vol. 31 (1924), pp. 503-42. Bouwsma, William H., John Calvin: A Sixteenth-Century Portrait (New York; Oxford University Press, 1988). Böversen, Fritz Christian, Die Idee der Freiheit in der Philosophie Kants (eidelberg: philosophy dissertation, 1962). Bowes, Pratima, Consciousness and Freedom: Three Views (London: Methuen, 1971). Boyd, Richard, “Determinism, Laws, and Predictability in Principle,” Philosophy of Science, vol. 39 (1972), pp. 431-50. Boyle, Joseph M. Jr., Germain Gabriel Grisez and Olaf Tollefsen, Free Choice: A Self-Referential Argument (Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1976). Bracher, Bob, “Thomas Szasz and ‘Mental Illness’,” Thought and Practice, vol. 4 (1982), pp. 63-77. Bracken, Joseph A., Freiheit: Wesen und Wirklichkeit: Eine Interpretation der Freiheitsschrift und anderer Werke von F. W. J. Schelling im Lichte eines bestimmten Denkmodells (Freiburg: Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat zu Freiburg i. Br., 1967). Bradley, F. H., Ethical Studies (London: H. S. King, 1876). See especially “The Vulgar Notion of Responsibility in Connexion with the Theories of Free Will and Necessity.” Bradley, R. D., “Free Will: Problem or Pseudo-Problem?” Australasian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 36 (1958), pp. 33-45. Bradley, R. D., “Ifs, Cans, and Determinism,” Australasian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 40 (1962), pp. 146-58. Braeutigam, Ludwig, Leibniz und Herbart über die Freiheit des menschlichen Willens (Heidelberg: G. Weiss, 1882). Braine, David, The Human Person: Animal and Spirit (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1992).

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Bramhall, John, The Questions Concerning Liberty, Necessity, and Chance Clearly Stated and Debated Between Dr. Bramhall, Bishop of Derry, and Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury (London: Printed for Andrew Crook, 1656). Bramhall, John, Castigationes ultimarum Hobbesii animadversions de libertate et necessitate (London: 1658). Also, Castigations of Mr. Hobbes His Last Animadversions in the Case Concerning Liberty and Universal Necessity Wherein all His Exceptions about that Controversie are Fully Satisfied (London: Printed by E. T. for J. Crook, 1657). Bramhall, John, The Works of the Most Reverend Father in God, John Bramhall D. D. Late Lord Archbishop of Ardmagh, Primate and Metropolitan of all Ireland (Dublin : Printed by Benjamin Tooke, 1677). Bramhall, John, A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsically Necessity, Being an Answer to a Late Book of Mr. Thomas Hobbs of Malmsbury, Intituled, a Treatise of Liberty and Necessity (London: John Crook, 1656). Brand, Myles, “Causes of Actions,” Journal of Philosophy, vol. 67 (1970), pp. 932-47. Brand, Myles, “The Fundamental Question in Action Theory,” Noûs, vol. 13 (1979), pp. 131-51. Brand, Myles, Intending and Acting: Toward a Naturalized Action Theory (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1984). Brand, Myles and William K. Frankena (eds.), The Nature of Human Action (Glenview, Ill: Scott Foresman, 1970). Brand, Myles and Douglas N. Walton (eds.), Action Theory: Proceedings of the Winnipeg Conference on Human Action, Held at Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 9-11 May 1975 (Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1976). Branden, Nathaniel, “Free Will, Moral Responsibility, and the Law,” Southern California Law Review, vol. 42 (1969), pp. 264-91. Brandom, Robert, “Freedom and Constraint by Norms,” American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 16 (1979), pp. 187-96. Brandt, Richard B., “Blameworthiness and Obligation,” in A. I. Melden (ed.) Essays in Moral Philosophy (Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1958), pp. 3-39. Brandt, Richard B., “Determinism and the Justifiability of Moral Blame,” in Sidney Hook (ed.) Determinism and Freedom in the Age of Modern Science (New York: New York University Press, 1958), pp. 137-42. Brandt, Richard B., Ethical Theory: The Problems of Normative and Critical Ethics (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1959).

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Fischer, John Martin, “‘The Significance of Free Will’ by Robert Kane,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 60 (2000), pp. 141-48. Fischer, John Martin, “Problems with Actual-Sequence Incompatibilism (Comments on Robert Kane’s Presentation),” Journal of Ethics, vol. 4 (2000), pp. 323-28. Fischer, John Martin, “Frankfurt-type Examples and Semi-Compatibilism,” in Kane The Oxford Handbook on Free Will (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 281-308. Fischer, John Martin, “Review of Freedom Evolves by Daniel C. Dennett,” Journal of Philosophy, vol. 100 (2003), pp. 632-37. Fischer, John Martin, “Responsibility and Manipulation,” Journal of Ethics, vol. 8 (2004), pp. 145-77. Fischer, John Martin, “Dennett on the Basic Argument,” Metaphilosophy, vol. 36 (2005), pp. 427-35. Fischer, John Martin, “Free Will, Death, and Immortality: The Role of Narrative,” Philosophical Papers, vol. 34 (2005), pp. 379-403. Fischer, John Martin, “Reply: The Free Will Revolution,” Philosophical Explorations, vol. 8 (2005), pp. 145-56. Fischer, John Martin, Free Will and Moral Responsibility (Boston: Blackwell Publishing, 2005). Fischer, John Martin, Free Will: Critical Concepts In Philosophy (London and New York: Routledge, 2005). Fischer, John Martin, My Way: Essays on Moral Responsibility (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006). Fischer, John Martin, “The Free Will Revolution (Continued),” Journal of Ethics, vol. 10 (2006), pp. 315-45. Fischer, John Martin, “Review of Mele’s Free Will and Luck,” Mind, vol. 117 (2008), pp. 195-205. Fischer, John Martin, “Responsibility and the Kinds of Freedom,” Journal of Ethics: An International Philosophical Review, vol. 12 (2008), pp. 20328. Fischer, John Martin and Mark Ravizza, “Responsibility and Inevitability,” Ethics, vol. 101 (1991), pp. 258-78. Fischer, John Martin and Mark Ravizza, “Responsibility, Freedom and Reason,” Ethics, vol. 102 (1992), pp. 368-89.

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Fischer, John Martin and Mark Ravizza, “The Inevitable,” Australasian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 70 (1992), pp. 388-404. Fischer, John Martin and Mark Ravizza (eds.), Perspectives on Moral Responsibility (Ithaca: NY: Cornell University Press, 1993). Fischer, John Martin and Mark Ravizza, “Responsibility and History,” Midwest Studies in Philosophy, vol. 19 (1994), pp. 430-51. Fischer, John Martin and Mark Rivizza, “When the Will is Free,” in Timothy J. O’Conor, Agents, Causes and Events: Essays on Indeterminism and Free Will (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 239-69. Fischer, John Martin and Mark Ravizza, “Free Will and the Modal Principle,” Philosophical Studies, vol. 83 (1996), pp. 213-30. Fischer, John Martin and Mark Ravizza, Responsibility and Control: A Theory of Moral Responsibility (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998). Fischer, Karl Philip, Die Freiheit des menschlichen Willens im Fortschritte ihrer Momente (Tübingen: C. F. Osiander, 1833). Fischer, Kuno, Über das Problem der menschlichen Freiheit: Rede zum Geburtsfeste des höchstseligen Grossherzogs Karl Friedrich von Baden und zur akademischen Preisvertheilung am 22. November 1875 (Heidelberg: Georg Mohr, 1875). Fischer, Normert, “Tugend und Gluckseligkeit: Zu ihrem Verhaltnis bei Aristoteles und Kant,” Kantstudien, vol. 74 (1983), pp. 1-21. Fischer-Zuest, Frieda, Über Pestalozzis Freiheitsbegriff (Bern: Graf-Lahmann, 1951). Fisher, Mark, “A Note on Free Will and Artificial Intelligence,” Philosophia, vol. 13 (1983), pp. 75-80. Flacius Illyricus, Matthias, Victorinus Strigel, Simon Musäus, Christophorus Schultetus and Wilhelmus Jechholtz, Disputatio de originali peccato et libero arbitrio: inter Matthiam Flacium Illyricum & Victorinum Strigelium (Jena, 1563). Flanigan, Owen J., The Science of the Mind (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1984). Flanagan, Owen J., Consciousness Reconsidered (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1992). Flanagan, Owen J., Identity, Character, and Morality: Essays in Moral Psychology (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1990).

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Flanagan, Owen J., The Problem of the Soul: Two Visions of Mind and How to Reconcile Them (New York: Basic Books, 2002). Flathman, Richard E., Concepts in Social and Political Philosophy (New York: Macmillan, 1973). Flathman, Richard E., The Philosophy and Politics of Freedom (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987). Fleming, Alexander, Letter to a Young Friend in Ayrshire, on a Question discussed in the Synod of Glasgow, 10th April, 1810, which involved the Subjects of Liberty and and Necessity (Glasgow, 1810). Fleming, Noel, “Autonomy of the Will,” Mind, vol. 90 (1981), pp. 201-23. Flew, Antony, Essay in Logic and Language (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1951). Flew, Antony, “The Justification of Punishment,” in Wilfrid Sellars and John Hospers (eds.), Readings in Ethical Theory (New York: AppletonCentury-Crofts, 1952). Flew, Antony, “Divine Omniscience and Human Freedom,” in Antony Flew and Alasdair C. MacIntyre (eds.), New Essays in Philosophical Theology, (London: SCM Press, 1955). Flew, Antony, “Determinism and Rational Behavior,” Mind, vol. 68 (1959), pp. 377-82. Flew, Antony, “A Rational Animal,” in John R. Smythies and Hartwig Kuhlenbeck, Brain and Mind: Modern Concepts of the Nature of Mind (New York: Humanities Press, 1965), pp. 111-35. Flew, Antony, “Compatibilism, Free Will and God,” Philosophy, vol. 48 (1973), pp. 231-44. Flew, Antony, Crime or Disease? (London: Macmillan, 1973). Flew, Anthony, The Presumption of Atheism and other Philosophical Essays on God, Freedom, and Immortality (New York: Barnes & Noble, 1976). Flew, Anthony, Philosophy: An Introduction (Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1980). Flew, Antony, “Freedom as Slavery: A Slogan for our New Philosopher Kings,” in A. Phillips Griffiths (ed.), Of Liberty (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983). Flew, Antony and Alasdair MacIntyre (eds.), New Essays in Philosophical Theology (London: SCM Press, 1955). Flew, Antony and G. N. A. Vesey, Agency and Necessity (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987).

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Flint, Thomas, “The Problem of Divine Freedom,” American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 20 (1983), pp. 255-64. Flint, Thomas, “Divine Sovereignty and the Free Will Defence,” Sophia, vol. 23 (1984), pp. 41-52. Flint, Thomas, “Compatibilism and the Argument from Unavoidability,” Journal of Philosophy, vol. 84 (1987), pp. 423-40. Flint, Thomas, “Providence and Predestination,” in Philip Quinn and Charles Taliaferro (eds.), A Companion to Philosophy of Religion (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999), pp. 569-76. Flint, Thomas, Divine Providence: The Molinist Account (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998). Flügel, Otto, Die Probleme der Philosophie und ihre Lösungen (Cöthen: O. Schulze, 1876). Fodor, Jerry, Psychological Explanation: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Psychology (New York: Random House, 1968). Fodor, Jerry, “The Appeal to Tacit Knowledge in Psychological Explanation,” Journal of Philosophy, vol. 65 (1968), pp. 627-40. Fodor, Jerry, The Modularity of Mind: An Essay on Faculty Psychology (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1983). Földesi, Tamás, The Problem of Free Will (Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1966). Földesi, Tamás, “Then and Now, On the ‘Freedom of the Will’ After 20 Years, Magyar Filozofiai Szemle, (Part I) vol. 5 (1980), pp. 627-61; (Part II) vol. 6 (1980), pp. 862-88. Foley, Richard, “Deliberate Action,” The Philosophical Review, vol 86 (1977), pp. 58-69. Foley, Richard, “Compatibilism,” Mind, vol. 87 (1978), pp. 421-28. Foley, Richard, “Compatibilism and Control Over the Past,” Analysis, vol. 39 (1979), pp. 70-74. Fonsegrive, George, Essai sur le libre arbitre, sa théorie et son histoire (Paris: F. Alcan, 1887). Fonviel, J. “De hominis liberiate et imputabilitate morali necnon de determinismo professoris Brissaud,” Divus Thomas, vol. 6 (1990), pp. 489-94. Foot, Philippa, “Free Will as Involving Determinism,” The Philosophical Review, vol. 66 (1957), pp. 439-50. Reprinted in Morgenbesser & Walsh 1962.

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Foot, Philippa, Virtues and Vices and Other Essays in Moral Philosophy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978). Foot, Philippa and Alan Motefiore, “Goodness and Choice,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume 35 (1961) pp. 45-80. Forbes, John, Predestination and Freewill, and the Westminster Confession of Faith, with Explanation of Rom. ix (Edinburg: T. & T. Clark, 1878). Ford, Russell, “Immanence and Method: Bergson’s Early Reading of Spinoza,” Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol. 42 (2004), pp. 171-92. Forman, Frank, The Metaphysics of Liberty (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989). Forrest, P., “Backwards Causation in Defense of Free Will,” Mind, vol. 94 (1985), pp. 210-17. Forster, Karl, Freiheit und Determination (München: Kösel, 1966). Förster, Friedrich Wilhelm, Willensfreiheit und sittliche Verantwortlichkeit Berlin: Dümmler, 1898). Foschi, Federico, Della liberta umana, enciclica del sommo pontefice Leone XIII esposta al popolo (Ravenna: Apollinare, 1889). Foster, John, The Immaterial Self: A Defence of the Cartesian Dualist Conception of the Mind (London: Routledge, 1991). Foth, Heinrich, “Tatschuld und Charakter,” Schopenhauer-Jarbuch vol. 60 (1979), pp. 148-80. Fouilleé, Alfred, La liberté et le déterminisme (Paris: Ladrange, 1872). Foulquié, Paul, La Volonté (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1949). Fourier, Charles, “Du libre arbitre,” in Publications des manuscrits de C. Fourier, in 4 volumes, (Paris: 1851; 1852; 1853-6; and 1857-58). Fowler, Corbin, “A Pragmatic Defense of Free Will,” Journal of Value Inquiry, vol. 30 (1996), pp. 247-60. Foy, R. “Concepts of Freedom within Structure of Law—Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason and Emerson’s Nature,” Journal of Thought, vol. 3 (1968), pp. 191-99. Franca, Leonel, Liberdade e determinismo (Rio de Janeiro: Agir, 1954). Franco, Vittoria, Bioetica e procreazione assistita: le politiche della vita tra libertà e responsabilità (Roma: Donzelli, 2005).

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Franenstädt, Julius, Die Freiheit des Menschen und die Persönlichkeit Gottes (Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1838). Frank, Philipp, Das Kausalgesetz und seine Grenzen (Wien, J. Springer, 1932). Frank, William, “Duns Scotus’ Concept of Willing Freely: What Divine Freedom Beyond Choice Teaches Us,” Franciscan Studies, vol. 42 (1982), pp. 68-89. Frankel, Lois, “Being Able to do Otherwise: Leibniz on Freedom and Contingency,” Studia Leibnitiana, vol. 16 (1984), pp. 45-59. Frankena, W. K., “Obligation and Ability,” in Max Black (ed.), Philosophical Analysis: A Collection of Essays (Englewood Cliffs, N J: Prentice-Hall, 1963), pp. 148-65. Frankfurt, Harry, “Alternative Possibilities and Moral Responsibility,” Journal of Philosophy, vol. 66 (1969), pp. 829-39. Reprinted in John Martin Fischer (ed.) Moral Responsibility (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986), pp. 143-152 and Peter A. French (ed.), The Spectrum of Responsibility (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991). Frankfurt, Harry, “Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person,” Journal of Philosophy, vol. 68 (1971), pp. 5-20. Reprinted in John Martin Fischer (ed.), Moral Responsibility (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986). Frankfurt, Harry, “Coercion and Moral Responsibility,” in Theodore Honderich (ed.), Essays on Freedom of Action (London: Routledge, 1973). Frankfurt, Harry, “Three Concepts of Free Action,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume 49 (1975), pp. 113-25. Frankfurt, H. G., “The Problem of Action,” American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 15 (1978), pp. 157-62. Frankfurt, Harry G., The Importance of What We Care About: Philosophical Essays (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1988). Frankfurt, Harry G., “Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibilities,” Journal of Philosophy, vol. 66 (1969), pp. 829-39; Reprinted in Gary Watson (ed.), Free Will, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982). Frankfurt, Harry G., “Freedom of the Will and a Concept of a Person,” in Gary Watson (ed.), Free Will, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982), pp. 322-36. Frankfurt, Harry, “The Faintest Passion,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association, vol. 66 (1992), pp. 5-16. Frankfurt, Harry G., “On the Usefulness of Final Ends,” Iyyun, vol. 41 (1992), pp. 3-19.

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Habermas, Jürgen, “The Language Game of Responsible Agency and the Problem of Free Will: How Can Epistemic Dualism Be Reconciled with Ontological Monism?” Philosophical Explorations, vol. 10 (2007), pp. 1350. Hacikadiroglu, Vehbi, “On Freedom,” Felsefe Tartismalari, vol. 30 (2003), pp. 117-24. Hacikadiroglu, Vehbi, “On Freedom: Response to Inan,” Felsefe Tartismalari, vol. 31 (2003), pp. 93-99. Hacking, Ian, “Nineteenth Century Cracks in the Concept of Determinism,” Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 44 (1983), pp. 455-75. Hadfield, James Arthur, Psychology and Morals (London: Methuen, 1923). Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich Philipp August, Die Welträtsel: Gemeinverständliche Studien über monistische Philosophie (Leipzig: A. Kröner, 1899); repritned as The Riddle of the Universe (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992). Haefner, Gerd and Eric Watkins, The Human Situation: A Philosophical Anthropology (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. 1989). Hager, Fritz-Peter, Wesen, Freiheit und Bildung (Bern: Paul Haupt, 1989). Haggard, Patrick, “Conscious Intention and Motor Cognition,” Trends in Cognitive Science, vol. 9 (2005), pp. 290-95. Haggard, Patrick and M. Eimer, “On the Relation between Brain Potentials and the Awareness of Voluntary Movements,” Experimental Brain Research, vol. 126 (1999), pp. 128-33. Hahmann, Andree, “Mit Aristoteles gegen die Stoiker? Zufall und akzidentelle Verursachung in der Schrift ‘De fato’ des Alexander von Aphrodisias,” Zeitschrift fuer philosophische Forschung, vol. 61 (2007), pp. 361-77. von Hahn, J. G., Lehre von der Erbsünde: freien Willen, Gnaden-Wahl, Gesetz, Glauben und guten Werken der Person Christi, und den Sacramenten: wie solche in den Schriften Dr. M. Luthers, Melanchtons, und Brenzius zu finden ist; nebst einer Beleuchtung der concordien-firme (Philadelphia: Rademacher, 1846). Haji, Ishtiyaque, “A Riddle Regarding Omissions,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 22 (1992), pp. 485-502. Haji, Ishtiyaque, “Alternative Possibilities, Moral Obligation, and Moral Responsibility,” Philosophical Papers, vol. 22 (1993), pp. 41-50. Haji, Ishtiyaque, Moral Appraisability Puzzles, Proposals, and Perplexities (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).

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Haji, Ishtiyaque, “Moral Anchors and Control,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 29 (1999), pp. 175-203. Haji, Ishtiyaque, “Indeterminism and Frankfurt-style Examples,” Philosophical Explorations, vol. 2 (1999), pp. 42-58. Haji, Ishtiyaque, “Indeterminism, Explanation, and Luck,” Journal of Ethics, vol. 4 (2000), pp. 211-35. Haji, Ishtiyaque, “Libertarianism and the Luck Objection (Comments on Robert Kane’s Presentation),” Journal of Ethics, vol. 4 (2000), pp. 32937. Haji, Ishtiyaque, “Compatibilities Views of Freedom and Responsibility,” in Robert Kane (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Free Will (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 202-28. Haji, Ishtiyaque, Deontic Morality and Control (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002). Haji, Ishtiyaque, “Active Control, Agent-Causation and Free Action,” Philosophical Explorations, vol. 7 (2004), pp. 131-48. Haji, Ishtiyaque, “Freedom, Hedonism, and the Intrinsic Value of Lives,” Philosophical Topics, vol. 32 (2004), pp. 131-52. Haji, Ishtiyaque, “Libertarianism, Luck, and Action Explanation,” Journal of Philosophical Research, vol. 30 (2005), pp. 321-40. Haji, Ishtiyaque, “Alternative Possibilities, Personal Autonomy, and Moral Responsibility,” in James Stacey Taylor (ed.), Personal Autonomy: New Essays on Personal Autonomy and Its Role in Contemporary Moral Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2005). Haji, Ishtiyaque, “On Frankfurt-Type Examples,” in American Philosophical Association Newsletters, vol. 7 (2008), pp. 1-5. Haji, Ishtiyaque, “Reflections on the Incompatibilist’s Direct Argument,” Erkenntnis, vol. 68 (2008), pp. 1-19. Haji, Ishtiyaque, “Dispositional Compatibilism and Frankfurt-Type Examples,” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 89 (2008), pp. 226-41. Haji, Ishtiyaque, “Freedom and Practical Reason,” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, vol. 12 (2009), pp. 169-79. Haji, Ishtiyaque, and Michael McKenna, “Dialectical Delicacies in the Debate about Freedom and Alternative Possibilities,” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 101 (2004), pp. 299-314.

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Haji, Ishtiyaque and Stefaan Cuypers, “Libertarian Free Will and CNC Manipulation,” Dialectica, vol. 55 (2001), pp. 221-38. Haji, Ishtiyaque and Stefaan Cuypers, “Moral Responsibility and the Problem of Manipulation Reconsidered,” Journal of Philosophical Studies, vol. 12 (2004), pp. 439-64. Haji, Ishtiyaque and Stefaan Cuypers, “Hard- and Soft-Line Responses to Pereboom’s Four-Case Manipulation Argument,” Acta Analytica, vol. 21 (2006), pp. 19-35. Haksar, Vinit, Equality, Liberty and Perfection (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979). Haldane, John, “Algunas presuposiciones metafisicas de la acción humana,” Anuario Filosofico, vol. 27 (1994), pp. 923-38. Hall, Jerome, Law, Social Science and Criminal Theory (Littleton, Colorado: F. B. Rothman, 1982). Hall, Robert, Differences about Predetermination Determined (London: Marshall, 1700). Haubold, Hieronymus, Oratio de servo hominis arbitrio, habita in schola Ratisbonensi, anno 1569 (Ratisbon: Burger, 1570). Hamelin, Octave and Marcel Conche, Sur le De fato (Villers-sur-Mer: Editions de Mégare, 1978). Hameroff, Stuart, Alwyn Scott, and Al Kaszniak (eds.), Toward a Science of Consciousness: The First Tucson Discussions and Debates (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996). Hameroff, Stuart, Alwyn Scott, and Al Kaszniak (eds.), Toward a Science of Consciousness: The Second Tucson Discussions and Debates (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998). Hameroff, Stuart, Alwyn Scott, and Al Kaszniak (eds.), Toward a Science of Consciousness: The Third Tucson Discussions and Debates (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999). Hamilton, William, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic, 4 vol. (Edinburgh, 1859-1860). Hamlyn, D. W., “Causality and Human Behaviour,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume 38 (1964), pp. 125-42. Hampshire, Stuart, Thought and Action (London: Chatto and Windus, 1959). Hampshire, Stuart, “Freedom of the Will,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume 25 (1951), pp. 165-512.

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Hampshire, Stuart, “Self-Knowledge and the Will,” Revue Internationale de philosophie, vol. 7 (1953), pp. 235-45. Hampshire, Stuart, “Spinoza and the Idea of Freedom,” Proceedings of the British Academy, (1960), pp. 195-215. Hampshire, Stuart, Freedom of the Individual (New York: Harper & Row, 1965), reprinted in P. F. Strawson and Gilbert Ryle (ed.), Studies in the Philosophy of Thought and Action: British Academy Lectures (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968), pp. 48-70. Hampshire, Stuart, Freedom of Mind (Lawrence, Kan.: Department of Philosophy, University of Kansas, 1965), included in Freedom of Mind: and Other Essays (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971; and also reprinted Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995). Hands, Joseph, Will-ability; or, Mind and its Varied Conditions and Capacities. A dissertation and Explanation of the Mystery of Will-ability, Mindenergy, or Mental Volition, as Exercised in Controlling Ourselves, or the Thoughts, Feelings, and acts of Others; Exemplified, Especially as to the Latter Capabilities, by the Faculty of Electro-biology, or Animal Magnetism, and the Influence of Fascination. : Illustrated by facts. Also Observations on the Consequences Effected in us Through the Quality or Dominion of Faith and Belief, or Self-will Operation, as Influenced by the Phrenological Organ of Hope, and called into Active Being, through the Agency of Education and Persuasion, and other Means, as Charms, Spells, and Amulets, to which are Added Essays on Free-will and Fate, Destiny, and Inevitable Necessity (London: J. Burns, 1875). Handy, Rollo, “Determinism, Responsibility and the Social Setting,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 20 (1960), pp. 469-76. Hangestus, Hieronyimus, De libero arbitrio in Lutherum (Paris: J. Parvus, 1515 and reprinted in 1527). Hanly C. M. I., “Phenomenology, Consciousness and Freedom,” Dialogue, vol. 5 (1966), pp. 323-45. Hanley, Richard, “Never the Twain Shall Meet: Reflection on the Very First Matrix,” in Christopher Grau, Philosophers Explore The Matrix (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005). Hannaford, Robert V., “Who’s in Control Here?” Philosophy, vol. 51 (1976), pp. 421-30. Hannay, Alastair, “Freedom and Plastic Control,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 2 (1972), pp. 277-96. Hans, Wilhelm, Schicksal und Wille: Ein Versuch über Henrich Ibsens Weltanschauung (München: Beck, 1906).

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Meyer, Susan, Aristotle on Moral Responsibility: Character and Cause (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993). Meynell, Hugo, “Notes and Comments: Some Recent Books on Free Will,” Heythrop Journal, vol. 43 (2002), pp. 496-501. Meynen, Gerben, “Wrije wil en psychiatrische stoornissen,” Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte, vol. 100 (2008), pp. 67-72. Mezger, Edmund, Über Willensfreiheit (München: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1947). Miceli, Riccardo, “La funzione della libertà nella formazione del sistema kantiano,” Archives de Filosofie., vol. 1 (1946), pp. 176-91. Michelis, Angela, Libertà e responsabilità: la filosofia di Hans Jonas (Roma: Città nuova, 2007). Michener, Norah Willis, Maritain on the Nature of Man in a Christian Democracy (Hull, Canada: Éditions “L’Éclair, 1955). Mierke, Karl, Wille und Leistung (Göttingen: Verlag für Psychologie, 1955). Migon, Mieczyslaw, “The Productive Function of the Will in the Philosophical Thought of William James,” Analecta Husserliana, Volume LXXXIII (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers 2004). Miles, Grahame B., “Review of R. Kane, Free Will and Values,” Idealistic Studies, vol. 32 (1988), pp. 87-88. Milgram, Stanley, Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View (New York: Harper & Row, 1974). Mill, John Stuart, A System of Logic [1843]. [See especially Vol. II, Book VI, Chap 2 (“Of Liberty and Necessity”), which was reprinted in Willard F. Enterman (ed.), The Problem of Free Will (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1967), pp. 255-264.] Mill, John Stuart, On Liberty. [1856] Mill, John Stuart, An Examination of Sir William Hamilton’s Philosophy (1865). [See especially chap. 26.] Miller, Arthur, “Describing Unwitting Behavior,” American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 17 (1980), pp. 67-72. Miller, Arthur, “Foresight, Intention, and Responsibility,” Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol. 27 (1989), pp. 71-85. Miller, Cecil H., “Therapy, Determinism, and Science,” Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol. 9 (1971), pp. 189-200.

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Andreas

and

Ionas

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Wooldridge, Dean E., The Machinery of the Brain (New York: McGraw Hill, 1963). Woolridge, Dean E., Mechanical Man: The Physical Basis of Intelligent Life (New York: McGraw Hill, 1968). Wootton, Barbara, Social Science and Social Pathology (London: Allen & Unwin, 1959). Woozley, A. D., “Reid on Moral Liberty,” Monist, vol. 70 (1978), pp. 442-52. Workman, Rollin W., “Is Indeterminism Supported by Quantum Theory?” Philosophy of Science, vol. 26 (1959), pp. 251-59. Wortman, Camille B., “Some Determinants of Perceived Control,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 31 (1975), pp. 282-94. von Wright, Georg Henrik, Norm and Action: A Logical Enquiry (New York: Humanities Press, 1963). von Wright, Georg Henrik, Explanation and Understanding (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1971). von Wright, Georg Henrik, Causality and Determinism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1974). von Wright, Georg Henrik, “Determinism and the Study of Man,” in Juha Manninen and Raimo Tuomela (eds.), Essays on Explanation and Understanding: Studies in the Foundations of Humanities and Social Sciences (Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel, 1976), pp. 415-35. von Wright, Georg Henrik, Freedom and Determinism (Amsterdam: NorthHolland, 1980). Wuchterl, Kurt, Der Streit um die Sonderstellung des Menschen: Neue Aspekte im Zeitalter der Hirnforschung? (Hamburg: Merus Verlag, 2007). Wundt, Wilhelm Max, Vorlesungen über die Menschen und Thierseele (Leipzig: Voss, 1863). Wundt, Wilhelm Max, Ethik: Eine Untersuchung der Thatsachen und Gesetze des sittlichen Lebens (Stuttgart, F. Enke, 1886). Wundt, Wilhelm Max, and Wilhelm Wirth, Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie (Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1902-03). Wurtz, Jean-Paul, “Tschirnhaus und die Spinozismusbeschuldigung: Die Polemik mit Christian Thomasius,” Studia Leibnitiana, vo. 13 (1981), pp. 61-75. Wyczolkowska, Anna, Schopenhauers Lehre von der menschlichen Freiheit, in ihrer Beziehung zu Kant und Schelling (Wien: A. Holzhausen, 1893).

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National

University)

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://plato.stanford.edu/ Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://www.iep.utm.edu/ “History of the Free Will Problem” The Information Philosopher, http://www.informationphilosopher.com/freedom/history/ Hoefer Carl, “Causal Determinism,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy . McKenna, Michael, “Compatibilism” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Online edition (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/compatibilism/).

Ontos

NicholasRescher

Nicholas Rescher

Collected Paper. 14 Volumes Nicholas Rescher is University Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh where he also served for many years as Director of the Center for Philosophy of Science. He is a former president of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association, and has also served as President of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, the American Metaphysical Society, the American G. W. Leibniz Society, and the C. S. Peirce Society. An honorary member of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, he has been elected to membership in the European Academy of Arts and Sciences (Academia Europaea), the Institut International de Philosophie, and several other learned academies. Having held visiting lectureships at Oxford, Constance, Salamanca, Munich, and Marburg, Professor Rescher has received seven honorary degrees from universities on three continents (2006 at the University of Helsinki). Author of some hundred books ranging over many areas of philosophy, over a dozen of them translated into other languages, he was awarded the Alexander von Humboldt Prize for Humanistic Scholarship in 1984. ontos verlag has published a series of collected papers of Nicholas Rescher in three parts with altogether fourteen volumes, each of which will contain roughly ten chapters/essays (some new and some previously published in scholarly journals). The fourteen volumes would cover the following range of topics: Volumes I - XIV STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY PHILOSOPHY ISBN 3-937202-78-1 · 215 pp. Hardcover, EUR 75,00

STUDIES IN VALUE THEORY ISBN 3-938793-03-1 . 176 pp. Hardcover, EUR 79,00

STUDIES IN PRAGMATISM ISBN 3-937202-79-X · 178 pp. Hardcover, EUR 69,00

STUDIES IN METAPHILOSOPHY ISBN 3-938793-04-X . 221 pp. Hardcover, EUR 79,00

STUDIES IN IDEALISM ISBN 3-937202-80-3 · 191 pp. Hardcover, EUR 69,00

STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF LOGIC ISBN 3-938793-19-8 . 178 pp. Hardcover, EUR 69,00

STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHICAL INQUIRY ISBN 3-937202-81-1 · 206 pp. Hardcover, EUR 79,00

STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE ISBN 3-938793-20-1 . 273 pp. Hardcover, EUR 79,00

STUDIES IN COGNITIVE FINITUDE ISBN 3-938793-00-7 . 118 pp. Hardcover, EUR 69,00

STUDIES IN METAPHYSICAL OPTIMALISM ISBN 3-938793-21-X . 96 pp. Hardcover, EUR 49,00

STUDIES IN SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY ISBN 3-938793-01-5 . 195 pp. Hardcover, EUR 79,00

STUDIES IN LEIBNIZ'S COSMOLOGY ISBN 3-938793-22-8 . 229 pp. Hardcover, EUR 69,00

STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ISBN 3-938793-02-3 . 165 pp. Hardcover, EUR 79,00

STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY ISBN 3-938793-23-6 . 180 pp. Hardcover, EUR 69,00

ontos verlag Frankfurt • Paris • Lancaster • New Brunswick 2006. 14 Volumes, Approx. 2630 pages. Format 14,8 x 21 cm Hardcover EUR 798,00 ISBN 10: 3-938793-25-2 Due October 2006 Please order free review copy from the publisher Order form on the next page

P.O. Box 1541 • D-63133 Heusenstamm bei Frankfurt www.ontosverlag.com • [email protected] Tel. ++49-6104-66 57 33 • Fax ++49-6104-66 57 34

NicholasRescher

Nicholas Rescher

Epistemological Studies The present book continues Rescher’s longstanding practice of publishing occasional studies written for formal presentation and informal discussion with colleagues. They form part of a wider program of investigation of the scope and limits of rational inquiry in the pursuit of knowledge.

About the author Nicholas Rescher is University Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh where he also served for many years as Director of the Center for Philosophy of Science. He is a former president of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association, and has also served as President of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, the Americna Metaphysical Society, the American G. W. Leibniz Society, and the C. S. Peirce Society. An honorary member of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, he has been elected to membership in the European Academy of Arts and Sciences (Academia Europaea), the Institut International de Philosophie, and several other learned academies. Having held visiting lectureships at Oxford, Constance, Salamanca, Munich, and Marburg, Professor Rescher has received six honorary degrees from universities on three continents. Author of some hundred books ranging over many areas of philosophy, over a dozen of them translated into other languages, he was awarded the Alexander von Humboldt Prize for Humanistic Scholarship in 1984. In November 2007 Nicholas Rescher was awarded by the American Catholic Philosophical Association with the „Aquinas Medal“

ontos verlag

Frankfurt • Paris • Lancaster • New Brunswick 2009. 112pp. Format 14,8 x 21 cm Hardcover EUR 59,00 ISBN 13: 978-3-86838-048-4 Due July 2009 Please order free review copy from the publisher Order form on the next page

P.O. Box 1541 • D-63133 Heusenstamm bei Frankfurt www.ontosverlag.com • [email protected] Tel. ++49-6104-66 57 33 • Fax ++49-6104-66 57 34

ProcessThought 22

Nicholas Rescher

Ideas in Process A Study on the Development of Philosophical Concepts The book aims to provide a process-philosophical perspective philosophizing itself. It employs the perspectives of process philosophy for elucidating the historical development of philosophical ideas. The doctrine of historicism in the history of ideas has it that each era and perhaps even each thinker employs philosophical ideas in such a user-idiosyncratic way that there is no continuity and indeed no connectivity of public access across the divides of space, time, and culture. In opposition to such a view, the present processist deliberations see the development of ideas as a matter of generic processes that have ample room for connectivity and recurrence, permitting the very self-same conception to be shared by philosophers of different settings. Beyond arguing this histico-processism on general principles, the book presents a series of case studies of significant philosophical topics that illustrate and elaborate upon the developmental connectivities at issue.

ontos verlag

Frankfurt • Paris • Lancaster • New Brunswick 2009. 148pp. Format 14,8 x 21 cm Hardback EUR 59,00 ISBN: 978-3-86838-038-5 Due April 2009 Please order free review copy from the publisher Order form on the next page

P.O. Box 1541 • D-63133 Heusenstamm bei Frankfurt www.ontosverlag.com • [email protected] Tel. ++49-6104-66 57 33 • Fax ++49-6104-66 57 34