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ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN EARLY SECOND MILLENNIUM BCE BABYLONIA

The publication of CORNELL UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN ASSYRIOLOGY AND SUMEROLOGY Volume 42 was made possible thanks to a generous subvention from an anonymous donor

Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology (CUSAS) Volume 42

Elementary Education in Early Second Millennium BCE Babylonia by

Alhena Gadotti and Alexandra Kleinerman

Eisenbrauns University Park, Pennsylvania

Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology EDITOR-IN-CHIEF David I. Owen (Cornell University)

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Robert K. Englund (University of California, Los Angeles) Wolfgang Heimpel (University of California, Berkeley) Rudolf H. Mayr (Lawrenceville, New Jersey) Manuel Molina (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid) Francesco Pomponio (University of Messina) Walther Sallaberger (University of Munich) Marten Stol (Leiden) Karel Van Lerberghe (University of Leuven) Aage Westenholz (University of Copenhagen)

Cataloging-in-publication data is on file with the Library of Congress. This publication was supported by the Rosen Foundation. Copyright © 2021 Alhena Gadotti and Alexandra Kleinerman All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Published by The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA 16802-1003 Eisenbrauns is an imprint of The Pennsylvania State University Press. The Pennsylvania State University Press is a member of the Association of University Presses. It is the policy of The Pennsylvania State University Press to use acid-free paper. Publications on uncoated stock satisfy the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Material, ANSI Z39.48—1992.

To our families

Contents List of Illustrations�� xi Series Editor’s Preface�� xiii Acknowledgments�� xv List of Abbreviations�� xvii Catalog�� 1 1. Introduction��19 2. Historical Background��20 3. The Nippur Curriculum��23 4. The Sumerian Elementary Curriculum Outside Nippur�� 26 4.1 Ur�� 26 4.2 Uruk�� 26 4.3 Sippar��27 4.4 Kish��28 4.5 Susa��29 4.6 Other Sites��29 4.7 The Schøyen Collection��30 4.8 The Cotsen Collection��31 4.9 Discussion��31 5. The Rosen School Tablets��36 5.1 Tablet Typology and Tablet Shape��36 5.1.1 Type I (Multicolumn)��36 5.1.2 Type II (Student-Teacher)��37 5.1.3 Type III (Imgida)��38 5.1.4 Type IV (Lenticular)��40 5.1.5 Prisms��42 5.1.6 Other��42 5.2 The Exercises��42 5.2.1 Sign Exercises��43 5.2.2 Personal Names��44 5.2.2.1 Sumerian Personal Names��45 5.2.2.2 Akkadian Personal Names��46

vii

viii

Contents

5.2.2.3 Sumero-Akkadian Personal Names��47 5.2.3 Legal Phrasebooks��47 5.2.4 Thematic Lists��47 5.2.4.1 Ura 1: Trees and Wooden Items��48 5.2.4.2 Ura 2: Crafts��48 5.2.4.3 Ura 3: Animals and Cuts of Meat��49 5.2.4.4 Ura 4: Objects Found in Nature��49 5.2.4.5 Ura 5: Geography��49 5.2.4.6 Ura 6: Food Items��49 5.2.4.7 Other Thematic Texts: ED Word List C��49 5.2.5 Advanced Sign Lists��50 5.2.6 Lists of Human Beings��51 5.2.7 Acrographic Lists��52 5.2.8 Ugu-mu��52 5.2.9 God Lists��52 5.2.10 Proverbs��53 5.2.11 Literary Texts��54 6. Signatures��55 7. Conclusion��56 8. Conventions��58 Transliterations, Translations and Remarks 1. Sign Exercise Lists��59 2. Sumerian Personal Name Lists��74 3. Akkadian Personal Name Lists�� 103 4. Mixed Personal Name Lists��127 5. Legal Phrasebooks��129 6. Ura 1: Wooden Items�� 130 7. Ura 2: Crafts��143 8. Ura 3: Domestic and Wild Animals, Cuts of Meat�� 152 9. Ura 4: Stones; Plants; Birds; Fish; Textiles��163 10. Ura 5: Geography��170 11. Ura 6: Food Items��173 12. Thematic, Other��176 13. Advanced Sign Lists�� 177 14. List of Human Beings��180 15. Acrographic Lists�� 195 16. Ugumu��201 17. God Lists��202

Contents

ix

18. Proverbs�� 212 19. Model Contracts��220 20. Literature��221 21. Undetermined Lists��242 Appendix��247 References�� 251 Plates�� 257

Illustrations Plate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Text 13 24 50 52 99 105 165 176 218 291 384 407 417

Plate 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

CUNES 49-09-162 49-13-174 51-07-105 52-10-001 50-02-049 51-04-048 50-08-107 50-09-037 50-02-099 50-04-177 47-12-002 48-06-393 52-08-068

xi

Text 418 421 422 439 494 513 523 524 525 550 579 688

CUNES 52-08-073 52-10-161 52-10-145 51-10-087 51-07-097 50-02-106 52-10-146 52-10-153 52-10-159 50-09-041 50-02-048 48-11-094

Series Editor’s Preface The study and subsequent publication of the Jonathan Rosen Cuneiform Collection began ca. twenty years ago at the invitation of Rudolf (Rudi) Mayr, assistant curator of the Rosen Collection in New York City, with whom this editor has been collaborating for over two decades. With the support and encouragement of Sydney Babcock, curator of the Rosen Collection, and the generous financial and enthusiastic support and encouragement of Jonathan Rosen and the Rosen Foundation, the CUSAS series was created as the vehicle for the publication of the Rosen and other Assyriological collections. Since its first volume appeared less than fifteen years ago, an unprecedented forty volumes have been published and another dozen or so are in advanced stages of preparation. It is not an exaggeration to write that the CUSAS series has been the major publication vehicle, at least in the United States, for

cuneiform texts since the disruptions of the two Gulf wars, if not before. Furthermore, although initially created to publish the Rosen Collection, it was expanded to include long neglected public and private collections along with the many unprovenanced texts available to the various authors. The current volume by Alhena Gadotti and Alexandra Kleinerman grew out of their long collaboration and association with the Rosen Collection when it was on loan a t Cornell University. Their common interest in literary and lexical texts was the catalyst for the current volume and its successful completion. The new data reflected in the many texts published in this volume represent a major contribution to the study of Sumerian lexicography and scribal tradition in Sumer and concludes the publication of the remaining lexical material in the Rosen Collection. David I. Owen Near Eastern Studies Cornell University

xiii

Acknowledgments This book has been a decade in the making. As is often the case in such projects, many people contributed to make it possible. First and foremost, we wish to thank Prof. David I. Owen, who arranged for us to publish the lexical texts in the Jonathan and Jeannette Rosen Ancient Near Eastern Studies Collection at Cornell University and encouraged and nudged us in the right direction throughout the years. His unwavering support and friendship are invaluable to us. Prof. Niek Veldhuis reviewed our manuscript before publication and offered many useful suggestions. The completion of this volume would not have been possible without reference to his book, the History of the Cuneiform Lexical Tradition (2014). We are very grateful also to Prof. C. Jay Crisostomo and Dr. Jeremiah Peterson for aiding us in understanding the nature of some of our more challenging material. Their help in identification and clarification of various texts was instrumental for the completion of this book, and we are very appreciative for their input. Dr. Klaus Wagensonner, while working in the collection at Cornell in 2018, was instrumental in identifying additional school texts, which had been classified previously as administrative texts. Profs. Andrew George and Manfred Krebernik provided useful insights into several tablets. Finally, we wish to thank Dr. Mark Cohen for his suggestions, which helped to clarify difficult passages in the proverbs.

Additional thanks go to Laura Johnson-Kelly for her extensive and careful tablet conservation as well as for taking the many photographs that facilitated our work.We are particularly grateful to Marilena Rigon for preparing the wonderful plates that accompany this book (grazie, Mama). Last but hardly least, we are thankful to Lisa Kinney-Bajwa, John Hohm, Anna Keeton, Jeff Zorn, and the tablet room volunteers for all their help with photography and for maintaining the collection in pristine condition. Rudi Mayr, assistant curator, Rosen Collection, NY, originally identified the corpus and created the preliminary catalog of the tablets that provided the material for this volume. Additionally, several tablets were brought to our attention by Lewis Newman, and we are very grateful to him for permission to publish them here. The Department of History at Towson University generously provided the funds to Alhena Gadotti for trips to Cornell University in order to undertake research on the original tablets. Finally, our most profound gratitude goes to Jonathan and Jeannette Rosen and the Rosen Foundation for allowing us to study and publish these texts and for providing the financial support for our research over the course of the past decade, and finally for subventing this publication in the CUSAS series. We are deeply indebted to their generosity. Alhena Gadotti and Alexandra Kleinerman

xv

Abbreviations MS NABU NGL PBS

A list of the text identifications used in this book can be found online at the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI) project at http://cdli.ox.ac.uk/wiki/ doku.php?id=abbreviations_for_assyriology. The following additional abbreviations are used in this study: AOS

American Oriental Series

CM

Cuneiform Monographs

JCS

Journal of Cuneiform Studies

RlA SEpM ZA

xvii

Manuscript(s) in the Schøyen Collection Nouvelles assyriologiques brèves et utilitaires Nippur God List University of Pennsylvania, Publications of the Babylonian Section Reallexikon der Assyriologie. Edited by Erich Ebeling et al. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1928– Sumerian Epistolary Miscellany Zeitschrift für Assyriologie

Catalog * Indicates that none of the items in the tablet are attested in the OB Nippur version of the list in question. Thematically and/or contextually, however, they are connected to it and may have parallels with other known OB lists.

Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

49-13-156 50-02-033 49-14-057 49-03-046 48-04-086 50-02-039 53-02-037 50-02-117 49-03-040 48-09-183 50-02-082 52-07-069 49-09-162 52-02-046 52-02-048 50-02-069 53-02-127 52-02-044 48-06-504 48-06-505 49-02-048 50-02-071 50-04-148 49-13-174 48-11-196 50-02-065 48-07-121

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil student-teacher student-teacher multicolumn student-teacher student-teacher student-teacher student-teacher wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida imgida multicolumn multicolumn multicolumn

28

50-02-148

multicolumn

SA A ll. 1–14 SA A l. 24 SA A ll. 24–26 SA A ll. 24–26 SA A ll. 37–39 SA A ll. 41–43 SA A ll. 48–49 SA A ll. 67–69 SA A l. 80 SA A ll. 100–103 SA A ll. [34], 111, 80 SA A ll. 34, 111, 80 SA A ll. 111 SA A ll. 1–5 SA A ll. 1–5 SA A ll. 1-[13], 33–39 SA A ll. 21–30 SA A ll. 43–48, 60ff. SA A ll. 64–71, 14–19 SA A ll. 82–87, 1–51 SA A ll. 1–7 SA A ll. 37–49 SA A ll. 7–12 SA A ll. 1–8, 24–29 SA A ll. 1–39 SA A ll. 67–124 SA A ll. 1?-16?, 29–44, 74–89, 107– 118; Ur-Nanše ll. 7–21 SA A ll. 1–124; Ur-Nanše ll. 1–59

29

49-13-170

multicolumn

30

50-02-055

wide-ruled imgida

Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise; Personal Names Sign Exercise; Personal Names Sign Exercise; Undetermined Sign Exercise

1

obverse col. i: SA A ll. 1–8, col. ii: undetermined TuTaTi ll. 1–12, 41–44

Catalog

2

Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

31

49-02-212

imgida

unparalleled (TuTaTi format)

32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

50-05-125 50-05-037 51-07-099 52-18-171 49-08-137 48-10-017 50-04-183 49-03-031 48-08-033 49-03-045 51-04-044 49-08-033 48-11-082 51-07-086 48-06-401 50-02-116 51-04-046 50-04-185 51-07-105 50-06-021 52-10-001 50-04-173 51-07-108 50-04-154 50-02-107 50-02-076 48-06-387 50-04-140 50-07-011 51-07-115 50-05-036 49-03-030 50-05-035 48-11-093 50-04-150 49-13-159 50-02-140 52-02-039 52-18-188 50-09-036 48-02-122

multicolumn lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil cylinder lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

Sign Exercise/ Personal Names Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sign Exercise Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN

TuTaTi, SA A ll. 1–39 unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled Ur-me ll. 1–3 Ur-me ll. 24–26 Ur-me ll. 44–46 Ur-me l. 63 Ur-me ll. 71, 74–75 Ur-me ll. 87–89 Ur-me ll. 107–108 Ur-me ll. 109–111 Ur-me ll. 112–114 Ur-me ll. 147–149 Ur-me ll. 152–154 Ur-me ll. 152–154; Akkadian letter Ur-me ll. 155–157 Ur-me l. 164 Ur-me l. 164 Ur-me ll. 24′-26′ Ur-me complete list Ur-Nanše ll. 1–3 Ur-Nanše ll. 1–3 Ur-Nanše ll. [4]-6 Ur-Nanše ll. [7]-9 Ur-Nanše ll. 10–12 Ur-Nanše ll. 25–27 Ur-Nanše ll. 29–31 Ur-Nanše ll. 29–31 Ur-Nanše ll. 29, 53 Ur-Nanše ll. 34–35 Ur-Nanše ll. 34-[36] Ur-Nanše ll. 51–52 Ur-Nanše ll. 52–54 Ur-Nanše ll. 55–57 Ur-Nanše ll. 60–62 Ur-Nanše ll. 60–62 Ur-Nanše ll. 61–63 Ur-Nanše ll. 69–71 Ur-Nanše ll. 75–76, 79 variant to Ur-Nanše list ll. 85–87

Catalog

3

Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115

50-09-029 49-08-029 52-18-165 49-11-075 49-02-053 48-11-104 52-02-052 50-02-150 50-04-147 49-14-062 50-02-147 50-02-108 50-04-168 50-02-101 50-02-137 48-06-384 48-04-084 48-09-175 48-06-400 48-10-020 50-04-182 50-08-100 52-10-170 48-09-182 50-08-098 51-04-042 50-02-049 51-04-049 52-20-323 50-02-118 48-09-188 49-03-024 51-04-048 50-02-078 50-02-080 48-06-396 49-02-051 49-03-027 49-09-163 49-13-145 49-13-146 50-02-112 50-02-113

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida imgida multicolumn multicolumn lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN

Ur-Nanše ll. 87–89 Ur-Nanše ll. 94–97 Ur-Nanše ll. 107–109 Ur-Nanše ll. 114–117 Ur-Nanše ll. 118–121 Ur-Nanše ll. 58–63 Ur-Nanše ll. 71–80 Ur-Nanše ll. 93–98 Ur-Nanše ll. 114–120? Ur-Nanše ll. 7–16, 38–45 Ur-Nanše ll. 21–23 partial parallel with PBS 11/3 partial parallel with PBS 11/3 partial parallel with PBS 11/3 partial parallel with PBS 11/3 partial parallel with PBS 11/3 partial parallel with PBS 11/3 partial parallel with PBS 11/3 partial parallel with PBS 11/3 unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled

Catalog

4

Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159

50-02-132 50-02-138 50-04-138 50-04-142 51-04-043 51-04-045 51-04-050 52-17-087 52-20-329 50-02-085 50-02-087 50-02-088 50-02-089 50-02-090 50-08-109 50-09-034 52-02-037 53-01-204 48-07-128 48-11-083 48-11-097 49-08-026 49-08-034 49-08-038 49-09-161 49-12-067 49-13-164 50-01-062 50-01-063 50-02-037 50-02-103 50-02-128 50-02-139 50-04-181 50-04-187 51-07-107 51-09-134 52-02-038 52-20-326 52-20-332 52-02-031 50-08-104 49-08-039 49-02-050

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN

unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled

Catalog

5

Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179

49-13-142 49-13-143 49-13-152 49-14-056 49-14-063 50-08-107 52-07-071 52-08-079 52-18-169 49-13-150 50-02-157 49-13-149 50-07-012 52-02-047 50-08-096 50-10-025 50-09-037 49-13-172 50-05-124 48-10-032

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil student-teacher student-teacher landscape wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida

180 181

50-04-146 52-10-178

multicolumn multicolumn

unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled obverse: unparalleled Sumerian PN; reverse: SA A ll. 1–6 unparalleled obverse: unparalleled Sumerian PN; reverse: tu-ta-ti

182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200

50-02-068 52-09-024 50-02-084 50-04-149 48-06-398 49-03-041 50-02-034 52-20-327 51-04-038 48-08-032 49-11-077 50-02-136 51-07-113 50-02-044 50-02-123 50-02-134 49-08-136 52-17-085 49-13-160

multicolumn lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN obverse: Sumerian PN; reverse: sign list Sumerian PN obverse: Sumerian PN; reverse: sign exercise Sumerian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN

unparalleled d Inana-teš ll. 16–18 d Inana-teš ll. 46–48 d Inana-teš ll. 106–109 d Inana-teš ll. 132?-133 d Inana-teš ll. 164–166 PN List Ba-[ . . . ] l. 442 PN List Ba-[ . . . ] ll. 586, 587 PBS 11/2 l. 667 PBS 11/2 l. 667 PBS 11/2 l. 1006 PBS 11/2 ll. 1011–1112 PBS 11/2 ll. 1013–1116 PBS 11/2 ll. 1017–1118 PBS 11/2 ll. 1017–1118 PBS 11/2 ll. 1148–1149 PBS 11/2 1227–1228 PBS 11/2 l. 1228 PBS 11/2 l. 1228

Catalog

6

Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243

50-02-035 50-02-086 50-02-095 51-07-092 53-02-132 50-02-133 51-09-135 51-09-140 50-02-104 50-02-036 51-09-128 49-09-169 50-02-047 51-09-127 50-04-152 52-03-030 50-02-094 50-02-099 50-08-110 52-17-080 50-02-141 50-10-024 52-20-322 50-02-102 48-07-127 50-02-097 50-02-079 50-02-091 50-04-184 50-08-106 51-10-086 52-02-042 50-02-110 52-10-174 50-06-022 50-02-109 50-02-121 50-02-122 49-08-138 50-02-074 48-06-486 49-13-173 50-04-164

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida

Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN

PBS 11/2 ll. 1490–1491 PBS 11/2 l. 1491 PBS 11/2 l. 1491 unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled

Catalog

7

Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286

49-03-023 48-06-404 49-13-169 49-13-168 48-11-108 48-06-294 48-09-168 48-06-405 48-06-506 48-07-129 48-08-187 48-09-170 48-10-033 48-11-100 48-11-102 48-11-103 49-03-019 49-03-020 49-03-021 49-03-022 49-08-131 49-11-074 49-13-171 49-13-177 50-02-060 50-02-062 50-05-086 50-06-019 50-07-007 50-09-038 50-09-039 51-09-130 52-02-049 53-02-129 48-06-488 48-08-210 48-09-171 50-07-008 52-02-053 49-14-064 52-10-151 52-10-152 52-10-154

wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida imgida imgida imgida imgida imgida multicolumn prism prism prism

Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN

unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled

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Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

287 288 289 290

52-10-157 52-10-160 52-10-164 50-02-114

prism prism prism lentil

unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled

291

50-04-177

lentil

292

50-02-115

lentil

293

50-07-010

wide-ruled imgida

294 295 296 297 298

49-13-155 50-04-174 49-03-026 58-06-052 51-09-126

lentil lentil lentil lentil multicolumn

Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN obverse: Sumerian PN; reverse: Akkadian PN obverse: Sumerian PN; reverse: Akkadian PN obverse: Akkadian PN; reverse: Sumerian PN obverse: Akkadian PN; reverse: Sumerian PN Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic

299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320

51-04-047 49-08-139 48-09-191 50-06-023 50-04-137 52-18-177 53-02-126 49-08-028 48-11-084 52-20-328 48-11-087 50-04-169 48-02-128 50-09-031 49-11-079 52-10-173 52-03-029 51-09-139 48-10-024 52-20-325 50-02-145 48-06-391

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Themati Thematic

unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled legal phrasebook legal phrasebook legal phrasebook* legal phrasebook* legal phrasebook (to be published by C. Jay Crisostomo) Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1

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Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363

50-04-162 50-02-127 48-09-176 48-06-395 48-11-090 49-08-032 49-03-028 51-07-104 49-03-044 49-13-147 49-13-162 50-02-046 52-18-185 51-10-089 49-11-078 48-10-018 48-08-031 50-02-038 48-07-124 49-03-036 49-09-167 49-13-163 49-03-029 52-07-072 49-02-049 49-14-059 50-02-154 53-02-128 49-0 0-044 50-02-067 52-18-162 50-06-020 48-09-172 52-02-051 49-13-178 52-10-162 49-09-165 49-14-055 51-02-035 49-08-025 58-01-091 58-06-053 48-09-174

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil student-teacher student-teacher wide-ruled imgida imgida imgida imgida prism lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

Themati Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic

Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1* Ura 1* Ura 1* Ura 1* Ura 1* Ura 1* Ura 1* Ura 1 Ura 1* Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 1 Ura 2 -reed items Ura 2 -reed items Ura 2 -reed items Ura 2 -reed items Ura 2 -reed items Ura 2 -reed items Ura 2 -reed items

Catalog

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CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390

48-08-028 48-09-186 53-02-041 49-09-168 49-08-024 49-03-037 50-04-159 50-04-161 51-09-137 48-06-397 49-03-025 50-01-060 50-04-179 51-09-132 51-09-136 48-09-180 49-03-034 50-02-077 47-12-003 49-03-042 47-12-002 48-11-089 47-12-005 48-10-015 50-02-052 50-04-155 52-08-070

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil student-teacher

391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405

49-08-130 50-04-144 50-02-053 48-09-192 50-08-103 48-11-085 52-10-169 48-06-386 47-12-004 50-08-099 50-02-096 50-02-040 49-08-040 48-10-030 52-18-182

student-teacher student-teacher landscape lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic obverse: Thematic; reverse: Sign List Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic

Ura 2 -reed items Ura 2* -reed items Ura 2 -vessels Ura 2 -vessels Ura 2 -vessels Ura 2 -vessels Ura 2* -vessels Ura 2* -vessels Ura 2* -vessels Ura 2 -clay/earth Ura 2 -hides Ura 2* -hides Ura 2* -hides Ura 2* -hides Ura 2* -hides Ura 2 -metal Ura 2 -metal Ura 2 -metal Ura 2 -metal Ura 2 -metal Ura 2 -metal Ura 2 -metal Ura 2* -metal Ura 2* -metal Ura 2* -metal Ura 2* -metal obverse: Ura 2 -reed items; reverse: unparalleled Ura 2 -reed items Ura 2 -hides Ura 2 -reed items Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals

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CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415

48-04-085 48-06-393 48-06-402 50-04-171 50-09-030 48-10-027 49-08-030 50-04-158 52-07-073 51-04-041

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3 -animals Ura 3* -animals Ura 3* -animals Ura 3* -animals Ura 3* -animals obverse: Ura 3* -animals; reverse: Akkadian PN

416 417 418

49-12-066 52-08-068 52-08-073

lentil student-teacher student-teacher

Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic obverse:Thematic; reverse: Akkadian PN Thematic Thematic Thematic

419

52-08-072

student-teacher

Thematic

420 421 422

50-02-059 52-10-161 52-10-145

imgida prism prism

Thematic Thematic Thematic

423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443

48-06-385 52-17-079 49-13-144 52-10-168 49-13-151 48-08-188 48-11-095 49-08-035 49-08-135 52-10-171 52-18-181 48-06-388 48-10-016 48-09-190 50-08-111 49-08-031 51-10-087 50-04-176 52-08-077 49-13-165 53-01-209

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic

Ura 3 -cuts of meat Ura 3 -animals obverse: Ura 3 (animals); reverse: legal phrasebook* obverse: Ura 3 (animals); reverse: Ura 2 Ura 3 -cuts of meat Ura 3 (animals), Ura 5 (geography) Ura 3 (animals), Ura 5 (geography), Ura 4 (birds) Ura 4 -stones Ura 4 -stones Ura 4 -stones Ura 4 -stones Ura 4 -stones Ura 4 -stones Ura 4 -stones Ura 4* -stones Ura 4* -stones Ura 4* -stones Ura 4 -birds Ura 4 -birds Ura 4 -fish Ura 4* -fish Ura 4 -textiles Ura 4 -textiles Ura 4* -textiles Ura 4* -textiles Ura 4* -textiles Ura 4* -textiles Ura 4* -textiles

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Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481

53-02-036 50-04-172 52-10-166 53-02-133 48-06-487 52-08-063 52-10-163 48-11-096 51-04-037 52-03-026 48-06-403 50-02-050 50-08-097 49-03-039 50-02-045 49-03-032 49-03-018 50-11-045 48-11-091 49-09-160 49-13-148 49-13-153 50-02-041 50-02-081 50-02-142 50-02-143 50-04-139 50-04-165 50-08-102 50-08-108 52-02-050 52-07-076 49-0 0-034 48-07-120 51-04-039 52-03-027 52-18-180 53-01-206

student-teacher lentil lentil lentil imgida multicolumn prism lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil student-teacher imgida lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil student-teacher wide-ruled imgida multicolumn multicolumn lentil lentil lentil lentil

Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Thematic Advanced Sign List Advanced Sign List Advanced Sign List Advanced Sign List Advanced Sign List

482 483 484 485

49-08-036 48-06-390 53-01-205 52-17-081

lentil lentil lentil lentil

Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE)

Ura 4 -textiles Ura 4 -plants Ura 4* -plants Ura 4* -plants Ura 4 -birds Ura 4 -fish Ura 4 -birds Ura 5* -toponyms Ura 5* -toponyms Ura 5* -toponyms Ura 5* -toponyms Ura 5 -fields Ura 5 -fields Ura 5* -fields Ura 5* -canals Ura 5*? Ura 5 -canals Ura 5 -toponyms Ura 6* Ura 6* Ura 6* Ura 6* Ura 6* Ura 6* Ura 6* Ura 6* Ura 6* Ura 6* Ura 6* Ura 6* Ura 6* Ura 6* ED Word List C obverse: lost; reverse: Ea Diri Diri Syllabary A* obverse: undetermined; reverse: Syllabary A Lu (ED Lu A) Lu Lu Lu

Catalog

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Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528

52-20-330 50-02-093 48-10-019 50-02-111 52-07-077 51-07-093 50-09-032 51-07-094 51-07-097 51-07-090 51-07-103 51-07-101 51-07-117 51-07-110 51-07-098 51-07-102 51-07-106 51-07-091 51-09-138 52-20-324 51-07-116 51-07-085 51-07-087 49-03-033 47-11-009 51-07-096 51-07-118 50-02-106 48-06-399 49-08-027 48-06-389 48-09-187 48-09-189 49-02-052 50-08-101 51-07-089 52-02-032 52-10-146 52-10-153 52-10-159 48-10-023 50-04-160 51-07-088

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil prism prism prism lentil lentil lentil

Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic

Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu Lu-azlag Lu-azlag Lu-azlag Lu-azlag Lu* Lu* Lu* Lu* Lu* Lu* Lu* Lu, Lu-azlag Lu Lu Izi Izi Izi

Catalog

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CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552

51-07-095 51-07-109 52-20-331 53-01-207 50-04-153 49-09-164 50-02-126 50-02-144 48-10-029 48-08-030 50-02-092 48-10-028 48-06-394 48-09-179 49-09-170 48-02-126 50-02-083 48-09-178 50-02-105 52-02-041 50-01-064 50-09-041 48-06-282 48-09-167

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil student-teacher imgida multicolumn

Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic

553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560

49-09-171 52-03-025 49-03-035 50-02-125 50-04-151 52-12-002 50-01-061 51-07-111

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

561 562 563 564 565 566 567

49-02-054 49-08-042 50-02-151 52-20-333 52-07-075 50-02-061 50-02-160

lentil lentil student-teacher student-teacher wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida

Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) obverse: Thematic (ALE); reverse: Akkadian personal names Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE)

Izi Izi Izi Izi Izi Izi* Kagal Kagal Kagal Kagal Kagal* Kagal* Kagal* Kagal* Nigga Nigga Nigga* Nigga* Nigga* Nigga* Saĝ unparalleled Saĝ Nigga bilingual -to be published by C. Jay Crisostomo Ugumu Ugumu* Ugumu* god list god list god list god list obverse: god list; reverse: unparalleled

god list god list god list god list god list god list god list

Catalog

15

Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576

49-13-175 50-02-066 50-02-072 50-02-073 49-13-154 53-02-130 48-10-147 50-02-063 52-10-177

wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida landscape landscape imgida imgida multicolumn

god list god list* god list* god list* god list god list* god list god list* obverse: god list; reverse: SA A

577

50-02-146

multicolumn

578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593

50-02-070 50-02-048 52-18-176 48-09-181 52-18-187 48-07-122 48-07-126 48-09-184 48-10-022 48-09-185 48-10-025 49-08-134 50-02-100 50-02-120 50-02-129 50-02-135

multicolumn lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

594 595

50-04-178 51-02-036

lentil lentil

596 597

51-02-037 51-02-038

lentil lentil

598

51-04-040

lentil

599 600 601 602 603

52-07-070 52-08-080 52-18-174 52-18-183 53-01-208

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE) Thematic (ALE); Sign List Thematic (ALE); Sign List Thematic (ALE) proverb proverb proverb proverb proverb proverb proverb proverb proverb proverb proverb proverb proverb proverb obverse: proverb; reverse: thematic (ALE) proverb obverse: proverb; reverse: sign list proverb obverse: proverb; reverse: math obverse: proverb; reverse: god list proverb proverb proverb proverb proverb

god list, tu-ta-ti (same exercise repeated obverse & reverse) god list* SP1.128 partial parallel with SP3.60, SP7.80 a play on SP 3 8? SP5.14 unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled (except for 48-10-022) unparalleled (except for 48-09-184) unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled obverse: unparalleled; reverse: Lu unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled

Catalog

16

Volume Number

CUNES Number

604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629

48-10-138 48-10-146 48-11-106 50-02-152 53-01-176 52-02-045 52-08-065 52-10-147 +149+150 52-10-148 52-10-155 52-10-156 48-09-177 52-18-186 50-04-170 50-04-180 50-04-163 50-04-167 49-14-058 48-10-021 50-09-035 47-11-005 52-02-040 53-01-211 49-08-133 48-10-026 50-04-156

630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

student-teacher wide-ruled imgida landscape landscape landscape multicolumn prism prism

proverb proverb proverb proverb proverb model contract model contract model contract

unparalleled SP3.190, SP8.B34 unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled to be published by G. Spada to be published by G. Spada to be published by G. Spada

prism prism prism lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

model contract model contract model contract literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary

49-13-166 49-11-076 53-02-131 49-08-037 50-02-119 50-02-130 52-18-178 48-07-123 52-10-167 49-13-161 49-14-060 49-12-065 51-10-088

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

48-04-087 48-11-092

lentil lentil

literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary obverse: literary; reverse: math literary literary

to be published by G. Spada to be published by G. Spada too poorly preserved for publication Enlil-bani A ll. 51–82 Enlil-bani A ll. 131, 130 Enlil-bani A ll. 182–184 Lipit-Eštar B l. 2 Lipit-Eštar B ll. 2–3 Lipit-Eštar B l. 6 Lipit-Eštar B l. 11 Lipit-Eštar B l. 33 Lipit-Eštar B l. 33 Lipit-Eštar B l. 42 Lipit-Eštar B l. 42 Lipit-Eštar B l. 43 Lipit-Eštar B l. 45 Lipit-Eštar B l. 51 Lipit-Eštar B l. 55 = Iddin-Dagan B l. 73 Lipit-Eštar B ll. 57–58 Lipit-Eštar B ll. 62–63 Lipit-Eštar B ll. 62–63 Nisaba A ll. 26–27 Nisaba A l. 29 Nisaba A l. 36 Nisaba A l. 48 Nisaba A l. 51 Iddin-Dagan B ll. 7–8 Iddin-Dagan B l. 17 Iddin-Dagan B l. 56 Iddin-Dagan hymn obverse: Šulgi to Aradmu 3 l. 19; reverse: math unparalleled unparalleled

Catalog

17

Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

645 646 647 648 649

49-03-038 49-13-158 50-04-157 50-04-175 51-02-034

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled

650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657

51-09-133 52-03-028 52-18-170 52-18-173 52-20-334 53-02-040 50-02-0 00 49-14-061

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil wide-ruled imgida wide-ruled imgida

literary literary literary literary obverse: literary; reverse: undetermined literary literary literary literary literary literary literary literary

658

48-06-383

wide-ruled imgida

literary?

659 660 661 662 663 664

53-02-038 50-02-064 48-06-489 48-09-142 48-06-449 48-09-194

landscape landscape landscape landscape landscape landscape

literary literary literary literary literary literary

665 666 667 668 669

48-09-197 53-02-135 48-10-141 48-11-198 48-11-208

landscape landscape imgida imgida imgida

literary literary literary literary literary

670 671 672

48-10-144 49-03-352 49-03-356

imgida imgida imgida

literary literary literary

673

47-10-007

imgida

literary

674

48-06-509

imgida

literary

675

48-07-118

imgida

literary

676

52-20-293

imgida

literary

677

51-02-148

imgida

literary

unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled Ninĝešzida hymn prayer to Utu? (to be published by Gadotti and Kleinerman) bilingual Nin-abul text (published by Gadotti and Kleinerman 2015) Lipit-Eštar B ll. 62–63 Šulgi A ll. 64–82 Lipit-Eštar A ll. 59–72 Song of the Hoe ll. 97–109 SEpM 3 obverse: undetermined; reverse: Temple Hymns ll. 345?-352 (to be published by M Phillips) unparalleled Rim-Suen hymn unparalleled Šulpa’e hymn Lipit-Eštar B ll. 1–7+ Lipit-Eštar A ll. 31–60 Enki’s Journey to Nippur ll. 74–95, 101–103 SEpM 3 ll. 1–4 Dumuzi’s Dream ll. 114–122 GEN (published by Gadotti and Kleinerman 2019) literary letters (published by Kleinerman and Gadotti 2014) Edubba E (to be published by M. Ceccarelli) Šulgi Hymn (published by Cohen in FS Klein) Ur-Ninurta Hymn (to be published by Gadotti and Kleinerman) undetermined

Catalog

18

Volume Number

CUNES Number

Tablet Type

Text Category

Contents

678 679 680

52-09-025 48-10-131 52-08-062

multicolumn multicolumn multicolumn

literary literary literary

681 682

52-08-066 52-08-069

multicolumn multicolumn

literary literary

683

52-10-176

multicolumn

literary

684 685

52-08-067 53-08-060

multicolumn multicolumn

literary literary

686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715

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Nisaba A ll. 52–56 Lipit-Eštar A ll. 64–91 Ninurta’s Return to Nippur ll. 47–55; 163–170 Ninurta’s Return to Nippur ll. 110–120 bilingual Two Women B (published by J. Matuszak 2021) Two Women B (published by J. Matuszak 2021) hymn to Inana Inana-Dumuzi Hymn (published by M. Cohen 2013) unparalleled

1 I N TRO DUCTI O N Writing was invented independently first in Mesopotamia and Egypt and later in China and Mesoamerica. In Mesopotamia, cuneiform writing emerged around 3200 BCE, most likely to satisfy the administrative needs of the powerful city of Uruk. Three or four centuries after that, the use of cuneiform broadened so as not only to record administrative transactions but also to commemorate important events, to compose and transmit literature, letters, and hymns to temples, deities, and kings. It thus played an indispensable role in the preservation of Mesopotamian civilization and culture. Although cuneiform originally was created to represent Sumerian, its logo-syllabic structure allowed it ultimately to be adapted to other languages such as Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite, Hurrian, and Urartian. Thus, when Semitic speakers began to write their own languages in the middle of the third millennium, they first had to adapt the Sumerian cuneiform script to represent their Semitic languages. Over the following centuries, Sumerian progressively disappeared as a spoken language, and by the end of the third millennium, it was limited mostly to the scribal schools and their scholars and students. Nevertheless, it continued into the second millennium and beyond, primarily as a liturgical language. Moreover, especially during the first half the of the second millennium, Sumerian held a cultural cachet, and so the Babylonians, through their scribal school curricula, continued to perpetuate the study of Sumerian. The present volume investigates how the study of Sumerian by nonnative Akkadian speakers occurred during the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2002–1595 BCE) in areas outside the major cities of

Nippur, Kish, Sippar, Ur, and Uruk, whose schools have been studied extensively over the past decades. In particular, we provide transliterations and translations of 715 cuneiform school exercise texts housed previously in the Jonathan and Jeannette Rosen Near Eastern Studies Seminar at Cornell University. These tablets illustrate all stages of the Sumerian elementary education in schools during the Old Babylonian period, thus presenting a curriculum in a foreign and dead language for the pupils who studied it. Although the tablets are all without provenance, discrepancies between the texts in the Rosen collection and those from other sites, such as Nippur and Ur (discussed in detail below), strongly suggest that the texts published here did not come from a previously studied location. In the following introduction, we compare the Rosen tablets with previously published documents in order to investigate the uniformity of the curriculum and the mechanisms by which pupils throughout southern Mesopotamia received a scribal education. Preliminary conclusions indicate that elementary education in Mesopotamia was relatively standardized with minimal variation in the curricula from place to place. Furthermore, the presence of numerous schools in various Mesopotamian cities indicates that knowledge of cuneiform writing was more widespread than assumed. Although this has been suggested by scholars previously, thus far sufficient data have been unavailable to demonstrate it. Our goal is to refine the understanding of education in southern Mesopotamia in order to elucidate more fully the pedagogical underpinnings of the world’s first curriculum devised to teach a dead language.

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2 H IS TO RI CAL BACK GRO UN D The period between 2002 and 1595 BCE is conventionally known as the Old Babylonian period (hereafter OB), although this is a linguistic rather than a historical designation, referring to the Babylonian dialect of Akkadian predominant at the time. During this period the political landscape of Mesopotamia changed significantly as Amorite rulers took control of important political centers and established their own dynasties. Indeed, Dominique Charpin argued that labeling the OB period as the Amorite period would be more appropriate.1 Epigraphic evidence to reconstruct the history of the OB period is abundant and has been thoroughly studied and published. As the Third Dynasty of Ur (hereafter Ur III) began to deteriorate at the end of the third millennium, Išbi- Erra (2019–1988 BCE) established control over the southern Babylonian city of Isin, declaring himself independent from Ur.2 At approximately the same time, an Amorite dynasty came to power in Larsa. It was not until Hammurabi (1792–1750 BCE), the fifth ruler of the Amorite dynasty in Babylon, that a single ruler succeeded to unify the region. Unification lasted only a few decades, however, before southern Babylonia reverted to a state of political fragmentation, which lasted through the destruction of Babylon by a Hittite army in 1595 BCE. The southern Babylonian city of Nippur played an ideological role during the OB period. Although Nippur was never a major political force, its clergy guaranteed political legitimization to the southern Mesopotamian kings.3 In addition, the Babylonians

considered Nippur to be the cultural capital of Babylonia. The notion of Nippur’s centrality in the ideological framework of southern Mesopotamia is reinforced by the numerous literary texts discovered there, compositions that form the basis for our modern understanding of Sumerian literature.4 By Sumerian literature we mean narrative, mythological, and pseudohistorical compositions; hymns to deities, temples, and kings; literary letters and letter prayers; debates and dialogues; and wisdom literature and related compositions. In this context the two unifying factors of the so-called Sumerian literary corpus are (1) that they were written in the Sumerian language and (2) that the extant manuscripts were produced within the OB scribal schools.5 At the time when the OB exemplars of these literary compositions were written down, Sumerian almost certainly had died out as a spoken language.6 Nevertheless, it continued to be studied in scribal schools—and persisted in selected scholarly and liturgical circles for the next two millennia—even as its use in record keeping was being phased out in favor of the Babylonian dialect of Akkadian. This is attributed to the antiquarian and scholarly aura that the Sumerian language had acquired in the minds of the Babylonians.7 4 See Robson 2013, 55. 5 It is important to emphasize the distinction between the OB exemplars of literary texts, which were written during the OB period, and the compositions themselves, whose original date of composition is mostly unknown. For the distinction between the Sumerian curricular corpus and the liturgical one, see Tinney 2011, 581–89.

1 Charpin 2004, 38. 2 Dates after Charpin 2004.

6 For this view on the death of Sumerian, see Cooper 1973; Michalowski 2000, 2006; Rubio 2006. For a different argument, see Sallaberger 2004, 2011; Woods 2006.

3 Charpin 2004, 237–38. As Tinney (1999, 55) explains, “The city of Nippur, with its tradition of never having a king of its own and its status as the city of the supreme Babylonian god Enlil, provided a focus for those wishing to symbolize their power: to build in Nippur and make offerings in its temples was to demonstrate to all not only one’s piety, but also one’s importance as the provider of this religious centre, and thereby as the provider of Babylonia.”

7 This holds true for the cuneiform script at large, which continued alongside the advent and popularization of Aramaic and Greek throughout the first millennium. Indeed, the last dated document written in cuneiform is an astronomical almanac from 78/79 CE (Hunger and de Jong 2014).

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Historical Background

The basis for our reconstruction of OB Sumerian scribal education comes primarily from the city of Nippur8 and, to a lesser extent, Ur, Uruk, Kish, Sippar, and Me-Turan.9 Evidence from all sites demonstrates that during the OB period, Sumerian scribal education occurred in the private domain. At present, we have no archaeological or epigraphic evidence suggesting that scribal schools were a state-sponsored enterprise. This is despite the fact that in the Sumerian hymn Šulgi B, Šulgi, the architect of the Ur III state, claims he established a “House of Wisdom of Nisaba” (é-ĝéstug dnisaba, l. 309) in Nippur and one in Ur.10 Instead, archaeological evidence suggests that teachers used spaces in their own homes as classrooms. As such, schools could accommodate no more than three to five students at any given time.11 Likewise, there is little textual

8 As Tinney (2011, 579) stated, “The 19th-century finds [at Nippur] account for over 4000 of the 6000 known Sumerian literary tablets; the post-war finds account for a further thousand. In total, then, Nippur accounts for 83% of the total number of OB Sumerian manuscripts known to date.” From this material, scholars such as Robson (2001), Tinney (1999), Veldhuis (1997, 2004), and more recently Delnero (2012b) and Kleinerman (2011) have largely reconstructed the Nippur Sumerian scribal curriculum. 9 For the most complete list to date of elementary school tablets known from Mesopotamia during the OB period, see Veldhuis 2014, 213 with bibliography. Veldhuis stresses that although texts come from a wide geographic spread of sites (e.g., Ur and Uruk in the south, Babylon in the north, Ešnunna in the Diyala, Mari in the west, and Tabatum on the Habur), all samples (aside from Ur) contain no more than a few dozen tablets (213). 10 Previous scholars assumed that Šulgi established these academies for the training of the scribal class and that this system continued into the OB period. See, e.g., Sjöberg 1976, 172–76. 11 See Charpin 1986, 432–34; Robson 2001; Tanret 2002. In particular, see Veldhuis 1997, 26–28, and 2004, 60, where he suggests that “a scribe basically started to educate his own son or sons; he may have accepted a few pupils from the neighborhood and that was his school.” See Delnero 2012b, 61–84 for a comprehensive overview of the archaeological evidence for OB schools across Mesopotamia. For specific examples, see Delnero (2012b, 105), who argues that four to five students produced the (literary) tablets in House F at Nippur, while only one or two would have produced those

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evidence concerning the daily routine in the school12 or the methods by which students learned.13 In contrast, the OB scribal curriculum itself is well documented and understood. It was organized in two stages: an elementary stage in which students learned the basics of the cuneiform script as well as Sumerian lexicon, grammar, and syntax, followed by an advanced stage in which students studied Sumerian literature. The bulk of the curriculum in both the elementary and advanced phases was not practical.14 Instead, it was intended to establish an exclusive scribal class whose identity was based on sharing specialized knowledge. Specifically, Sumerian education consisted of teaching an invented tradition from No. 1 Broad Street at Ur. For the case of scribal education at Sippar-Amnānum, where we can identify at least several teachers and students, see Tanret 2002. 12 The portrayal of the school as it emerges from the school dialogues should not be taken as an adequate or accurate description of what happened there. The details pertaining to the school offered by these compositions do not correspond to the available archaeological evidence from sites such as Nippur and Sippar-Amnānum. 13 Delnero 2012a concluded that the texts in the Decad were transcribed from memory (207). Michalowski (2012, 52) concurs that most learning would have been done through memory, but he cautions that “certain features of school exercises . . . can only be explained by some form of recourse to a written original.” 14 The exceptions are the more elementary exercises that taught basic sign formation, personal names, and numeracy (see Veldhuis 2012, 84; 2014, 148). Scribal education during the first half of the second millennium, as preserved in the cuneiform record, focused on reading and writing Sumerian, while the administrative and legal language at the time was the Babylonian dialect of Akkadian.We also lack extensive evidence for training in liturgical, magical, or divination texts, which, as Michalowski (2012, 48) notes, were “the provinces of literate specialists”—i.e., those who most likely attended Sumerian school. There was, of course, a Semitic component to the Sumerian curriculum, as that was the native language family of its pupils and what we assume to have been the language of instruction. Evidence for oral instruction in Akkadian comes from the occasional inclusion of Akkadian in otherwise Sumerian texts, such as in the form of glosses, parallel columns, and interlinear translations. See, e.g., Kleinerman and Gadotti 2013; Wasserman and Gabbay 2005, 70.

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Elementar y Education in Babylonia

that highlighted the unity of the southern Babylonian cities.15 Thus, the absence of formal training in Akkadian from this curriculum is not surprising.16 There was a fundamental distinction between those who had schooling in Sumerian and those who had on-the-job training in Akkadian.17 The purpose of the curriculum as an invented tradition also helps to explain why it is similar geographically, diachronically, and synchronically, even if Sumerian scribal training was in private hands. Despite this general uniformity, however, there was flexibility in the order and contents of the curriculum.This is particularly true of the second, advanced stage of the OB Sumerian scribal curriculum, which was not highly standardized—at neither Nippur nor elsewhere. Although certain compositions enjoyed widespread popularity, individual teachers made their own choices as to the compositions that would be studied and the order of their study.18 In contrast, the elementary curriculum appears to have been less flexible in terms of both the material itself and the sequence in which it was taught, especially in its early stages.19 While this evidence comes 15 Veldhuis 2003, 66–80; Veldhuis 2012, 85–86. Further, Veldhuis (2014, 225) argues, “[T]he scribal elite that performed the education may be described as a ‘community of practice’; a community defined by a shared set of ideas of how proper education is conducted, what the goals of such education are, and what kinds of attitudes, concepts, and skills they [the scribal community] expected their students to acquire before being accepted into that same community of practice.” 16 Michalowski 2012, 52;Veldhuis 2014, 225. 17 Michalowski (2012, 53) highlights the OB use of the title, dumu é-dub-ba-a, “child of the school establishment,” in contrast to dub-sar,“scribe.” He suggests the former referred to someone who completed advanced literary training, while the latter referred to anyone with cuneiform skills. See also Tanret (2004, 56), who proposes the translations “master scribe” and “scribe.” We prefer instead to translate dumu é-dub-ba-a as “member of the school community,” which highlights the cultural identity of the students who graduated from Sumerian school.

primarily from Nippur, it is generally assumed that the same is true of the elementary phase of schools outside Nippur.20 To date no one has presented a systematic and comprehensive study of the existing documentation for the elementary curriculum from all sites.21 In the present study, we provide an overview of the material published thus far, beginning by outlining the Nippur curriculum, and then by comparing and contrasting it to curricula from elsewhere. Our goal is to contribute a substantial amount of new data in order to clarify the role of the OB elementary curricula across Mesopotamia by publishing, for the first time, a significant number of non-Nippur elementary exercise tablets. at Nippur), there is flexibility and innovation (Crisostomo 2014). This is also the case within the thematic list Ura, in which the earlier chapters display more internal consistency across exemplars than the latter ones. Moreover, at Nippur, some variation in curricula occurred between different schools.Veldhuis explains that “flexibility is a by-product of the curricular setting.What counts in the curricular setting is to achieve the learning goals. Adding or omitting a single entry here or there, or changing their order, is of no consequence at all. The lexical texts are not treated as venerable relics—the way third millennium lexical texts were treated—but as means to a goal” (2014, 202). Flexibility within the Nippur curricula is illustrated by the case of House F. At House F only one example of sign formation practice has been uncovered; furthermore, the list TuTaTi is missing, and the order of the advanced lists is different than it appears from other Nippur schoolhouses (Robson 2001, 47; Veldhuis 2014, 212). Moreover, as of the publication of the House F school material in 2001, there were some seventy unidentified elementary exercises. Finally, there are almost no lentils at House F, which is striking when compared to the findings in other schools in the same area of Nippur (Robson 2001, 48–49).

18 See, e.g., Kleinerman 2011, 92–94 and discussion below.

20 For instance, Veldhuis (2014, 213) recently proposed that “despite much variation in details, in the text books used and the order in which they were offered, the data we have indicate a general similarity in the structure of education all around Babylonia.” He recognizes, however, that “not all school programs were identical” (213) and uses the examples of the school texts at Uruk (214) and Sippar-Amnānum (215) to illustrate this.

19 Already in the latter stages of the “elementary” curriculum (e.g., the so-called Advanced Lexical Education texts

21 For synchronic variation in the literary corpus, see Delnero 2012b, 61–84.

3 T HE NI PPUR CURRI CULUM The Sumerian scribal curriculum at Nippur has been the subject of extensive study for the past three decades.1 Our current understanding of elementary education at Nippur is based on tablet typology. Five tablet types were identified by Civil (1969, 27–28; 1995, 2308) and further nuanced by Tinney (1999, 160). They are summarized here for ease of reference:2 Type I: Multicolumn tablet, usually with two to four columns per side, containing either an entire literary composition or lexical text or multiple shorter compositions.3 Type II: Student-teacher tablet, the obverse of which contains the model text in the left-hand column, with the student’s copy in the right- hand column. The reverse contains a longer section of a composition that the student had learned previously and was practicing once again. Type III: Imgida, an extract tablet containing a short section of a longer composition, thought to represent one day’s lesson.4 Type IV: Lentil, a lenticular-shaped tablet containing a few lines of a composition. The obverse usually has the model text, and the reverse has the student’s copy.

Type P: Prism, a three-dimensional object with four to eight faces containing one to four columns per face.These either have an entire literary composition or lexical text or have multiple shorter compositions.5 Our reconstruction of the order of the Sumerian elementary curriculum at Nippur is based on the sequence of texts on Type II tablets in which the obverse presented a new exercise and the reverse contained one learned previously. Based on 797 Type II tablets from Nippur, Veldhuis reconstructed the curricular order of the elementary phase as follows:6 1. Sign Exercises: practice wedge formation, Syllable Alphabet B,7 TuTaTi, personal name lists (Sumerian, Akkadian, and Amorite).8 Their primary purpose was to teach the cuneiform writing system and the basics of the Sumerian language. 2. Thematic Lists: six “chapters” known collectively as Ura, which introduced the student to the Sumerian vocabulary. Ura included the following: Ura 1: trees and wooden objects Ura 2: reeds, vessels, leather, and metals Ura 3: domestic and wild animals, cuts of meats Ura 4: stones, plants, birds, fish, textiles Ura 5: geography Ura 6: food 3. Advanced Lists: metrological lists, advanced sign lists, acrographic lists, and mathematical tables,

1 For the most recent summary, see Veldhuis 2014, 204–12. 2 It is important to emphasize that tablet typology may have been used for different pedagogical purposes in different cities. For instance, Robson (2008, 98) argues that “[e]ach different tablet type can be associated with a particular pedagogical function, although their formats and functions varied somewhat from school to school, city to city, and indeed from exercise to exercise.”

5 For the possible use of prisms and Type I tablets as exam texts, see Crisostomo 2015, 128.

3 Although there are slight formal variations between Type I (and also Type III) tablets containing lexical compositions and those containing literary ones, Delnero argues that these “probably reflect the type of texts they contain, not the function of these tablet formats” (2010, 55).

6 Veldhuis 1997, 63. And see most recently Veldhuis 2014, 204–12. 7 Syllable Alphabet B seems to have been used exclusively at Nippur. Elsewhere, students learned Syllable Alphabet A (Veldhuis 1997, 43).

4 See Delnero 2010, 67, where he concludes “that Type III sources were used for learning texts in short sections before copying the entire text on a Type I source.”

8 See Veldhuis 1997, 41–46.

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Elementar y Education in Babylonia

which introduced analogical hermeneutics.9 The order of study was as follows:10 Metrological tablets Ea (sign list) / Aa (bilingual sign list) Lu (list of humans/acrographic) Izi (acrographic) Kagal (acrographic) Nigga (acrographic) Diri (compound sign list) Math tablets In addition, the following lists were studied at this stage, although their precise position in the curriculum is unclear:11 Ugu-mu (body parts) ki-ulutinbiše (legal terms) Nippur God List (divine names)12 Lu-azlag (humans) Saĝ (acrographic) 4. Proverbs, which introduced the student to sentence structure, and model contracts, which taught the mechanics of contract writing.13 9 Crisostomo (2014, 27) coined the term “Advanced Lexical Education” (ALE) to describe this phase of a student’s education. The purpose of these lists, Crisostomo argues, was to create “‘proper’ scribal habits—namely analogical hermeneutics—in scribal students.” For the most recent treatment of the topic, see now Crisostomo 2019. 10 Veldhuis 2014, 207. 11 Veldhuis 2014, 208. 12 For further discussion of the curricular place of the Nippur God List, see Peterson 2009, 8–9. Occasionally, this list occurs on the reverse of Type II sources that contain Ura 4 on the obverse. This is in contrast to the Type II tablets, where the Nippur God List occurs on the obverse with advanced exercises such as Izi, Ugumu, and ki-ulutinbiše on the reverse. 13 Note the absence of grammatical texts, which consist of verbal paradigms and grammatical vocabularies. According to Veldhuis (2014, 195), “Grammatical texts are speculative in nature and do not play a role in the actual teaching of Sumerian in the Old Babylonian period. They are never found on typical school tablets and their contents presuppose competence in Sumerian.” A similar category of text is the so-called miscellaneous vocabularies, which were treated as part of the grammatical texts in MSL 4.Veldhuis (2014, 175–77) and Crisostomo (2016) separate the vocabularies from the grammatical texts.

As a whole, the elementary phase of the curriculum at Nippur systematically introduced cuneiform and Sumerian.14 The next phase, the advanced curriculum, focused on the study of Sumerian literature, and after its completion the accomplished student could write from memory an array of compositions.These included epic tales of heroes such as Gilgamesh, other narrative and mythological texts, royal and divine hymns, literary letters, and dialogues and debates. In Nippur, many students began their literary training with the Tetrad, which included three hymns to Isin dynasty kings and one to the goddess of the scribal craft.15 Another group of texts, the Decad, was also studied frequently. It included royal and divine hymns, a hymn to a temple, and several mythological texts. These ten compositions were typically learned in a fixed order.16 It is unclear whether other literary compositions were learned between the Tetrad and the Decad.17 Whereas the elementary stage of the curriculum was structured and standardized, the advanced stage was not—neither in the compositions that were chosen for inclusion nor in the order in which the compositions were studied. Although there was an established set of compositions from which to

They consider the vocabularies to include procedural texts, consisting of imperatives intended to give instructions such as how to sacrifice a sheep, and mixed vocabularies, consisting of verbs and nouns “according to a logic that usually escapes us” (Veldhuis 2014, 175). It is uncertain what function, if any, the vocabularies had in the curriculum.Veldhuis writes, “The miscellaneous vocabularies are largely ad-hoc in character and listing them together here may actually be misleading in that there is little reason to assume that they necessarily fulfilled similar roles or that they were conceptualized as a group in ancient times” (2014, 177). See also Crisostomo 2016, where he publishes CUNES 47-12-032, the only Rosen text of this type. Crisostomo notes that “such texts certainly emerged from the same social environment” as the curricular texts and so may “reflect the work of highly trained students or master scribes” (23). 14 Veldhuis 2010, 390. 15 For a detailed discussion of the Tetrad, see Tinney 1999. 16 For the Decad, see Delnero 2006. 17 Kleinerman 2011, 78–79.

The Nippur Curriculum

choose, teachers could introduce what they liked and do so in the order that they deemed most effective. As a result, some compositions enjoyed more popularity than others.18 This was true both in Nippur and elsewhere.19 Curriculum selection in the advanced phase varied from region to region, city to city, and school to school.20

18 See Kleinerman 2011. House F provides an example. There are hardly any tablets containing the Tetrad, but each composition in the Decad is attested in over twenty sources. In addition, the so-called House F Fourteen compositions are attested each in over ten manuscripts (Robson 2001, 51–55). 19 Kleinerman 2011, 92–94. For instance, 175 literary compositions known from Nippur (i.e., 40 percent) are only found in that city. At Ur there are eighteen literary compositions unique to the city. This “suggests significant differences in the focus, if not the purpose of the curricula in both cities” (Delnero 2016a). 20 Several ancient sources illustrate that the process of curricular selection resulted in geographic variation and led certain schools to have a more prestigious reputation than others. See, for instance, ANL 9, in which one scribe tells another that one can get a proper education only in Nippur (Kleinerman 2011, 194–98). In addition, people who were literate and kept compositions knew there was a large

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The extent to which curricular variation occurred in the elementary phase outside Nippur— as it did in the advanced phase—has not been studied systematically. For the first time, the Rosen tablets provide adequate information to begin an investigation. In order to do so, we first review what is known currently about the elementary curriculum from outside Nippur—namely, from Ur, Uruk, Kish, Sippar, and Susa.

corpus and sought to exchange texts with each other in order to expand their collections. The literary letter ANL 4, for instance, begins with a discussion of an exchange of tablets between schools. That text exchanges actually transpired emerges from an OB letter, CUNES 50-07-013. The main body is a small catalog of Sumerian lamentation texts. The colophon, however, is in Akkadian and reads, “I have these (9 out of 21) lamentations.The ones I do not have, send (those) lamentations to me!” (Gadotti and Kleinerman 2011). Although we cannot confirm that the sender and recipient of this missive were teachers, the evidence strongly suggests that scholars kept tablets and exchanged ideas. Taken together, ANL 4 and CUNES 50-07-013 indicate that OB teachers and scholars were part of a network of exchange in which individuals set their own curriculum and shared tablets and ideas.

4 T HE S U M E R IA N E L E M ENTARY CURRI CULUM O UTSI DE NI PPUR 4.1. Ur Sumerian elementary education at Ur has not been examined thoroughly. However, a cursory review of the published documents suggests that the phases of elementary education at Ur were similar to those at Nippur.1 Evidence for elementary training in Sumerian comes from two private homes, No. 1 Broad Street and No. 7 Quiet Street, excavated by Sir Leonard Woolley in the early twentieth century.2 The tablets from No. 1 Broad St. make up the bulk of the Ur educational material and contain elementary exercises. Those from No. 7 Quiet St. contain primarily literature. The assemblage from No. 1 Broad Street includes one exemplar of Syllable Alphabet B (a composition otherwise known only at Nippur), mathematical exercises, proverbs, and Sumerian literature. In addition, a number of Type IV tablets published in UET 6/3 likely came from No. 1 Broad Street as well.These texts comprise extracts from personal name lists, syllabaries, thematic lists, and advanced lists including the list of human beings and professions (Lu) and god names.3 Unique to the findings from No. 1 Broad St. is the presence of Type IV tablets containing bilingual copies of the Tetrad compositions.4 To our knowledge, bilingual lentils are not attested at Nippur. Advanced education at Ur has been studied more thoroughly. There are four primary ways in which the Ur literary material differs from that from Nippur.5 First, the literary compositions studied at

Ur were locally focused in a way that those studied at Nippur were not. For instance, seven of the nine compositions known from No. 7 Quiet Street center on Nanna/Suen or other deities specifically associated with Ur.6 Second, even when the same literary compositions were studied at Ur as at Nippur, it is unlikely that they were learned in the same sequences.7 Third, more Akkadian was copied at Ur than at Nippur.8 Fourth, the quality of the texts differs. As Delnero points out, the Ur “sources typically contain numerous mistakes, but are outwardly more impressive, and often have many of the features lacking in sources from Nippur, including colophons, proportional lines, and intentional spacing to indicate form and word divisions.”9

4.2. Uruk Early education at Uruk has not been investigated systematically yet. There are seventy-three Type IV tablets at Uruk that represent the same categories of texts used for early education at Nippur.10 and No. 1 Broad Street at Ur display similarities and differences in their advanced education. On the one hand, about forty of the same literary compositions were copied in both schools. On the other hand, almost forty compositions studied at No. 1 Broad Street were not included in the House F curriculum. Likewise, approximately twenty compositions studied at House F were not studied at No. 1 Broad Street (Delnero 2016b, 12). 6 Delnero 2016a.

1 See further Shaffer and Ludwig 2006. 2 For a summary of the findings, see Charpin 1986, 30–34, 432–33, and Delnero 2012b, 64–65. While the tablets at No. 7 Quiet Street were found in situ, the ones at No. 1 Broad Street were found in fill, and as such it is uncertain whether lessons were held there or whether the tablets were brought in from elsewhere (Delnero 2012b, 66). 3 See Shaffer and Ludwig 2006; Delnero 2012b, 65. 4 Tinney 1999, 167. 5 See Delnero 2011, 144–45 for a complete list of compositions found at Ur. The collections in House F at Nippur

7 Delnero (2011, 145) states that “[a]lthough some of the same compositions were used for training scribes at both House F and No. 1 Broad Street, the differences in distribution suggest that the sequence of exercises at the two houses was not fixed in the same way, even perhaps within the Decad.” See further discussion on p. 146. 8 Delnero 2016a; Tinney 1999, 167. 9 Delnero 2016a. As such, Delnero suggests that at Ur, “form seems to have taken precedence over substance.” 10 Cavigneaux 1996, 4. The school tablets from Uruk were found in fill, in the so-called Scherbenloch, together with administrative documents and letters. Veldhuis (1997/1998,

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The Sumerian Elementary Curriculum Outside Nippur

Most of the Uruk lentils contain personal name lists, but there are also exemplars of Syllable Alphabet A (the version of Syllable Alphabet B widely used outside Nippur), a god list, a profession’s list, and a grammatical paradigm. Further, there are about thirty tablets containing literary excerpts, including numerous exemplars of Lipit-Eštar B, one of the Tetrad compositions.11 The Uruk Type II tablets differ from the Nippur ones in two ways. First, the majority of Uruk Type II tablets contain either the most elementary or the most advanced exercises. Of the twenty-one exemplars, four contain Syllable Alphabet A and five contain model contracts. This is in contrast to the contents of the Nippur Type II tablets and, asVeldhuis argues, is best explained by the fact that “compared to Nippur the Uruk school made a short-cut from the elementary to the literary phase of education,” treating only “the absolutely necessary.”12 Second, the order of study presented on the Uruk Type II tablets suggests that a god list was studied in the first phase of training after the sign exercises but before the other thematic lists.13 This was not the case at Nippur; instead, it seems to reflect a northern Babylonian tradition (see section 4.7 below). Considered together, the Uruk Type II and Type IV tablets represent all the phases of the Nippur curriculum, with the exception of proverbs.The order of study of the phases was different: a god list was taught in the very beginning, and certain phases

360) argues that the school texts and administrative tablets came from the same original source.

27

may have been skipped altogether. Moreover, the content of some of the lexical lists (in particular, Ura, Kagal, Lu, and Ugumu) was different from other known versions.14

4.3. Sippar The elementary curriculum at Sippar is reconstructed primarily from the exercise tablets found in situ after a fire destroyed the house of Ur-Utu, son of the chief lamentation singer Inana-mansum, in the Sippar-Amnānum sector of the city.15 Ur-Utu began his studies by learning to make tablets, first removing impurities from the clay, then kneading and shaping it. He learned to write basic wedges and progressed to Syllable Alphabet A, Syllabary A, thematic lexical lists, and metrological lists.16 Ur-Utu’s exercises indicate that elementary education occurred similarly as at Nippur, with some notable exceptions. Namely, Syllable Alphabet A was used in lieu of Syllable Alphabet B, followed by Syllabary A in lieu of TuTaTi. In addition, there is a collection of legal terms not found in Nippur but incorporated later as the first two chapters of the thematic list Ura in the Middle Babylonian period (henceforth MB).17 It is unclear whether these differences are specific to Ur-Utu’s training or whether they were standardized throughout Sippar. Absent from the Ur-Utu assemblage is (almost) anything from the advanced curriculum;18 not even model contracts or proverbs from the end of the elementary phase are found.Thus, it seems that Ur- Utu, who took over from his father as chief lamentation singer, only needed to learn basic Sumerian in order to establish his social position.19 Notably,

11 Veldhuis 1997/1998, 360–61.

14 Veldhuis 2014, 214.

12 Veldhuis 1997/1998, 362. Veldhuis recognizes that this assumes “that the corpus is approximately representative of that of the Uruk school,” for which there is no concrete evidence. In support, however, he argues that “[a] short-cut in elementary education has its price in secondary education. A number of the Sumerian literary texts, found in the same ‘Scherbenloch’ have Akkadian glosses, sometimes extending to interlinear translations of entire sentences. These Akkadian glosses, which are rare in Nippur literary texts, may have been necessary because of the relatively poor proficiency in Sumerian of Uruk pupils” (362).

15 For the publication of the corpus, see Tanret 2002 and 2011.

13 Veldhuis 2014, 215.

16 Tanret 2002, 125–27; 2011, 276–77. Additional evidence that these were the remnants of a school is the fact that the tablets were found in a courtyard “in and around a baked- brick box that had been used to recycle cuneiform tablets” (Delnero 2012b, 78). 17 Veldhuis 2014, 215. 18 Only one unidentified literary text was found among the fifty-six exercise texts in Ur-Utu’s house (Delnero 2012b, 78). 19 Tanret 2011, 278.

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Elementar y Education in Babylonia

there is no evidence for Ur-Utu’s training in lamentations, which must have been done orally.20 Further evidence for education at Sippar comes from the Sippar-Jahrūrum sector of the city, although the specific find spots are unknown. Findings from this area include Syllable Alphabet A, thematic and mathematical lists, and literary texts.21 Another Sippar student, Ipiq-Aya, signed his name to exercises, including the advanced lexical list Diri and Sumerian and Akkadian literary texts. Ipiq-Aya dated his exercises, documenting that he studied lexical lists before literature.22 The texts themselves are different from what we would expect from Nippur or Ur, especially the copies of the Akkadian literary composition Atra-hasis.23

4.4. Kish The 124 Kish exercise tablets come from several areas of the site and so represent different assemblages.24 The school texts from the area of Uhaimir25 contain exercises that reflect most of the stages of early education, such as personal names;

20 Lion 2011, 103. Lion suggests that “[p]erhaps his training was more useful to him as the eldest son of the family, heir to numerous possessions that he had to manage, than as a lamenter” (103). Lamentation texts are also absent from his household archive (around 2,000 tablets), see Tanret 2002, 171; Löhnert 2008, 434–35. 21 Delnero 2012b, 78–79. See further Tanret 2002, 162–66. 22 Van Koppen 2011, 145–48. Ipiq-Aya gave his title as dub-sar- tur, “junior scribe,” indicating his status as a pupil. Five years later, an administrative text signed by Ipiq-Aya, dumu é-dub-ba-a, “member of the school community,” informs that Ipiq-Aya, a graduate of the (Sumerian) “academy,” went on to become a professional (Akkadian) scribe (145–48). 23 Van Koppen 2011, 146. 24 For a detailed study of the Kish education texts, see Ohgama and Robson 2010. For a concise summary of the excavations at Kish and what is known of the find spots, see Delnero 2012b, 73–35. 25 Tell Uhaimir, in the northeast of Kish, contained many private homes from the OB period. The excavator, Henri de Genouillac, who worked at Kish in 1912, identified a group of elementary exercises as coming from a room he claimed to be a school.The literary texts, however, seemingly come from another area of Uhaimir (Delnero 2012b, 74).

Ura, Ea, and Izi; metrological and mathematical texts; and what Ohgama and Robson refer to as “elementary Sumerian sentences” (a lentil with an unidentified excerpt) and “curricular Sumerian literature” (Ninurta’s Exploits). Thus, the basic material is the same as from Nippur. However, the differences between the Uhaimir and the Nippur corpora are notable. The only Type II tablet found in Uhaimir preserves a sequence different from any attested at Nippur.26 Moreover, notably absent from the Uhaimir assemblage are Syllable Alphabet A and Syllabary A, and while Ura occurs, it is not well attested.27 Present among the Uhaimir texts but absent from Nippur are exercises in Akkadian letter writing. Ohgama and Robson compare the Uhaimir assemblage to that found in Sippar-Amnānum and argue that its contents and its relatively small sample size “strongly [suggest] that we are dealing with the remains of similar, domestically based education for non-scribal professionals, rather than the remains of a school like Nippur House F.”28 Additional assemblages of Sumerian exercise tablets come from unassociated trenches in the mounds that make up the area of Ingharra. The first is a group of Emesal and syllabic Sumerian literary texts. The second group consists of elementary school texts, including Ura, Ea, mathematical texts, and Syllable Alphabet A.29 Notably, the format of Type II tablets differs from the Nippur format; in Kish Type II tablets,“both columns contain identical pupil’s exercises, and the line rulings run across the

26 As the authors admit, however, this is just one tablet, and so it is uncertain “whether this suggests that the curricular order was different at Kish, or that Type II tablets served a different function, or whether this was simply an exceptional combination” (Ohgama and Robson 2010, 213–14). An additional Type II tablet, from the assemblage of texts likely but not certainly from Uhaimir, also preserves a sequence not attested at Nippur (213–14). 27 Ohgama and Robson 2010, 224. However, if one includes an additional thirty-seven tablets without certain provenance but likely from Uhaimir, Syllable Alphabet A occurs as well (Ohgama and Robson 2010, 216). 28 Ohgama and Robson 2010, 215. 29 Ohgama and Robson 2010, 220–21.

The Sumerian Elementary Curriculum Outside Nippur

columns.”30 In a third trench, elementary exercises were found alongside several literary compositions, which are known from Nippur, with the exception of an Akkadian incantation fragment.31 To summarize: neither assemblage comes close to the range and depth of the material from the Nippur schools. Nevertheless, as Ohgama and Robson conclude the Kish tablets “are highly significant for the light they shed on the variability of educational practices across a single settlement.That variability has been posited for Nippur (Robson 2001; 2002), but never demonstrated so clearly before.”32

4.5. Susa Over seven hundred school tablets from Susa reflect an elementary curriculum structured similarly to that known from Nippur. The Susa corpus, however, contains essential differences regarding both tablet typology and contents.33 In regards to tablet typology, Type IV tablets make up 74 percent of the Susa assemblage, while Type II tablets compose only 1 percent. In addition, there is a style of Type IV tablets that is unique to Susa, in which the obverse contains two lines of Sumerian text, and the reverse contains the same two lines written in syllabic Sumerian and then translated into Akkadian.34 Regarding content, Malayeri distinguishes five phases of the curriculum that correspond roughly to those at Nippur, including sign exercises, thematic word lists, advanced lists, what she calls “sentence exercises” (including proverbs and literary excerpts), and literary compositions.35 Among the sign exer 30 Ohgama and Robson 2010, 221. 31 Ohgama and Robson 2010, 222.The incantation is of a type known from the so-called scholarly library in Me-Turan (Cavigneaux 1999, 251 apud Ohgama and Robson 2010, 222). 32 Ohgama and Robson 2010, 228. 33 Malayeri 2012, 374. For the publication of the Susa corpus, see Malayeri 2012.

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cises, Syllable Alphabet A is well attested. A second sign list, organized acrographically with over 165 signs, is unique to Susa. Syllable Alphabet A occurs almost entirely on Type IV tablets, while the Susa sign list occurs on multiple types.36 Additional elementary exercises include Sumerian, Akkadian, and Elamite name lists as well as god lists, many of which are found on Type IV tablets. Because Sumerian name lists are found mostly on Type IV tablets, while Akkadian and Elamite lists occur mostly on Type III (but also Type I and IV), Malayeri concludes that Sumerian names were learned in an earlier phase of training.37 Ura is well attested at Susa. However, the sequence of words found in the Ura exemplars at Susa is different from the manuscripts found at Nippur.38 Advanced lists at Susa comprise human beings and professions (Lu), Ugumu, and mathematical texts. Sentence exercises, which Malayeri classifies as short sentences on Type IV tablets, consist mostly of proverbs but also literary compositions, including some from the Tetrad and Decad. Literary compositions occur on Type I and Type III tablets, but notably the compositions found on Type IV tablets never occur again on the more advanced types.39 Malayeri summarizes the Susa material as follows: “The sequence of the stages of scribal education is clearly traceable [from Mesopotamia], but the curricular material itself shows striking differences. It reveals that the Mesopotamian curriculum was not just blindly adopted but that it underwent a significant adjustment to fit the linguistic environment of Susa. The characteristics of the school texts from Susa, such as the reproduction of Sumerian syllabic terms or frequent use of nonstandard orthographies, confirm this fact.”40

4.6. Other Sites There are school texts from a number of other sites, the majority of which has not been adequately

34 Malayeri 2012, 369. This type is unique to Susa, with the exception of one exemplar known from the Diyala, for which, see Civil 1975. For further discussion of this type of tablet and the Susa texts in general, see the earlier publication by Tanret and De Graef 2010.

36 Malayeri 2012, 371.

35 Malayeri 2012, 370.

40 Malayeri 2012, 375.

37 Malayeri 2012, 372. 38 Malayeri 2012, 372. 39 Malayeri 2012, 373–74.

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Elementar y Education in Babylonia

published.41 A few, however, are worth mentioning in brief—namely, the findings from Isin, Larsa, Me- Turan, Babylon, and Tabatum. The Mari school tablets have not yet been published or, to our knowledge, discussed anywhere.42 At Isin approximately two hundred tablets were discovered in a large OB house. Among administrative documents and letters were elementary school texts, including thematic word lists. Sumerian literary compositions were found outside on the street but were likely produced in the house. Clay pots unearthed alongside many inscribed and uninscribed tablet fragments further indicate that scribal education took place in the house. Additional school tablets, including lexical and mathematical lists, and literary texts were excavated in an area northeast of the large house.43 Even farther to the northeast, another house contained elementary exercises, including personal name, lexical, and mathematical lists.44 Finally, several other school tablets (for instance, one fragment of Ea and one exemplar of Enki’s Journey to Nippur) were found five hundred meters to the southeast, but in an uncertain context.45 At Larsa, a house labeled by the excavators as the “maison du scribe” contained personal name, thematic, and mathematical lists, among other scribal exercises,46 but these texts have yet to be published or studied. Similarly, the elementary school texts from a private home in Me-Turan have not been published, cataloged, or discussed.47 Also in the Me-Turan home were a number of literary texts, Sumerian magical texts, and Akkadian and bilingual (Sumerian/Akkadian) incantations,

suggesting the house may have belonged to an exorcist.48 At Babylon, an assemblage of around 450 tablets from a large private home includes 19 tablets with lexical or sign lists, 38 quadrangular or lenticular school tablets, and a number of literary texts.49 Further evidence of scribal training at this location comes from the fact that one Marduk-nāṣir is attested frequently in the documents from the house with the title “overseer of the students” (ugula dumu-meš é-dub-ba-a, wākil mārī bīt ṭuppim).50 Finally, at Tabatum, modern Tell Taban, there are several lexical texts that attest to the early stages of elementary education at the site.These texts include a large tablet with exercises similar to TuTaTi, Akkadian words ending in -tum and -rum, personal names and Syllabary A, the Weidner God List, and a metrological text.51

41 For the full listing with bibliography, see Veldhuis 2014, 213.

45 Delnero 2012b, 77.

49 Pedersén 2005, 22. For the complete catalog of the tablets from OB Babylon, see Pedersén 2005, 17–68. For additional small findings of school tablets in other areas of the site, see pp. 44, 55, 57, 59, 61–62, 64, 66/68 (nos. 1, 57, 64, 65). In addition,Veldhuis recently edited the Babylon version of the Weidner God List (VS 24 20, joined by Veldhuis to SE 55), for which, see http://oracc.org/dcclt/P347139.

46 For a description of the findings, see Delnero 2012b, 82.

50 Delnero 2012b, 80; Pedersén 2005, 20.

47 Brief mention of the existence of the Me-Turan school texts is found in Cavigneaux and al-Rawi 1993, 91; Cavigneaux 1999, 251, but no further details are provided.

51 See Shibata 2009 and Yamada 2016.

42 Tinney 2011, 581. 43 Delnero 2012b, 76. For a summary of the findings at Isin, see Delnero 2012b, 76–77. 44 See Wilcke 1987, 83–120 (apud Delnero 2012b, 77).

4.7.The Schøyen Collection The Martin Schøyen Collection, housed in Oslo, Norway, contains 182 lexical texts illustrating the elementary stages of Sumerian scribal education during the OB period.52 These tablets consist of the following exercises: sign exercises, personal name lists (Sumerian, Akkadian, and mixed), thematic lists, advanced sign lists, acrographic lists, the list of human beings, the list of body parts, divine names, grammatical texts, model contracts, and proverbs. Because the tablets are unprovenanced, it is difficult to establish whether they were unearthed in the

48 Cavigneaux 1999, 251–58; Delnero 2012b, 83. For the find spots of the exercise texts in relation to the literary and magical texts within the house, see Cavigneaux 1999, 272.

52 Part of this corpus was published by Civil 2010. Gadotti and Kleinerman are preparing the remainder for publication.

The Sumerian Elementary Curriculum Outside Nippur

same archaeological context or even in the same site. On the one hand, there are a number of similarities between the OB Sumerian scribal tradition in the Schøyen Collection and that from Nippur.53 On the other hand, the Schøyen and Rosen manuscripts share a number of variants that are not attested in the Nippur corpus. Examples of these analogous variants are found in manuscripts for SA A, the Sumerian personal name list Ur-Nanše, the thematic lists, and ED Word List C.54 Although any one variant is insignificant, when taken together, they suggest that the Rosen and Schøyen material shared a similar pedagogical tradition.

4.8.The Cotsen Collection The Cotsen Collection, housed at the University of California, Los Angeles, contains 189 education tablets, about 126 of which date to the OB period.55 Among them, all the expected types of elementary curricular exercises are attested. These include sign exercises (23 tablets); Sumerian (13) and Akkadian personal names (16); thematic lists including Ura, Ugumu, and Lu (19); god lists (2); grammatical paradigms (2); practice epistolary and administrative texts (25); proverbs (3); and literary texts (14). There are an additional nine tablets, the precise contents of which we are unable to identify from the available photographs. Their paleography, however, is clearly Old Babylonian, and their tablet typology indicates they are school exercises. Like the Schøyen and Rosen corpora, the tablets are without provenience. Without further study it is impossible

53 Which will be discussed at length by Gadotti and Kleinerman. 54 In addition, several Schøyen and Rosen texts display the signature of one Ur-Suen, which is admittedly a common name. 55 The tablets are published in preliminary form in Wilson 2008. In this volume, Mr. Wilson provided a brief introduction to the collection as well as a catalog and photos of the tablets. He did not, however, include transliterations, translations, or a detailed analysis of the material and its implications in conjunction with other corpora. Since 2008, the photos have been uploaded onto the CDLI, some with preliminary transliteration. To our knowledge, no one has offered a systematic study of the corpus.

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to draw any conclusions as to whether or not they represent a corpus.

4.9. Discussion To date there is not an in-depth synthesis comparing and contrasting elementary curricula across Mesopotamia during the OB period. It would be a challenging project to undertake, as the material from many sites has been published either incompletely or not at all. However, the general consensus is one of at least “(relative) homogeneity.”56 If the purpose of Sumerian education was to foster elite identity and create a “community of practice”—as its inherently impractical nature seems to suggest— then such “homogeneity” is to be expected. However, the degree to which Sumerian education was or was not homogeneous has not been systematically pursued and cannot be until the aforementioned publications are forthcoming. The following discussion is intended to begin the conversation and to create a context in which to frame our analysis of the Rosen material. From a cursory review, it is apparent that all the sites surveyed here display their own idiosyncrasies. For example, the curricular order of the texts at Kish was different from that found at Nippur.57 Likewise, the types of exercises at Susa often differed from those at Nippur, even if their curricular function was the same.58 Yet the similarities among schools across Babylonia are notable, especially among schools in the same region. In his comprehensive overview of the cuneiform lexical system, Veldhuis implies that there were at least two programs of study during the OB period: one from southern Babylonia represented by Nippur and one from northern Babylonia represented by Sippar.59 The northern Babylonian curriculum was more long lasting, as Veldhuis posits it was the precursor for the MB curriculum. 56 Veldhuis 2014, 213. Tinney (2011, 591) makes a similar statement:“[E]lementary compositions, particularly the Tetrad, and certainly lexical texts and mathematical tables exhibit a high degree of stability across a relatively wide range of origins.” 57 Ohgama and Robson 2010, 229. 58 Malayeri 2012, 375. 59 Veldhuis 2014, 215.

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Unfortunately, this alleged dichotomy is difficult to prove in light of the paucity of information from Sippar. The bulk of the Sippar data comes from the house of Ur-Utu, whose education likely was tailored toward his future profession as a lamentation singer.Thus, a more systematic review of the northern Babylonian material is required to fully support a northern Babylonian curriculum in contrast to a southern Babylonian one. To do so would require more data from northern Babylonia than is currently available. Given the current limitations of our knowledge, it emerges that discussing the homogeneity and standardization of Sumerian scribal education during the OB period is fraught with problems. First, we are comparing corpora from different contexts—for example, there was a different purpose to the education of the students at House F in Nippur than there was for Ur-Utu in Sippar. Moreover, one of the defining characteristics of the OB lexical tradition itself was flexibility, a direct result of the use of lexical lists in the curricular setting. As Veldhuis states, Adding or omitting a single entry here or there, or changing their order, is of no consequence at all.The lexical texts are not treated as unchanging compositions—the way third millennium lexical texts were treated—but means to a goal. This led to an interesting type of existence for these compositions—one that has no real counterpart in modern life. A sign list such as Diri or a word list such as the list of stones in Ura is recognizable as such, and when new exemplars are identified there is rarely any confusion about which tablet belongs in what category. Still, the new Diri exemplar or the newly identified list of stones is not likely to duplicate exactly any of the known ones. It probably mixes new entries with well- known ones, offering the well-known entries in an order that had not been attested before.60

As such, curricular flexibility makes it hard to determine what types and degrees of pedagogical variation would still allow for the Babylonian educational system as a whole to classify as “homogenous.”

60 Veldhuis 2014, 202. For an earlier, slightly different approach to the same issue, see Veldhuis 2004, 89–92.

Our discussion thus far has assumed the Nippur curriculum to be the standard against which to compare all other curricula, largely because it is the most complete.61 Using Nippur as the reference point for comparison is not without problems; however, the types and degrees of variation between the Nippur curriculum and the curricula elsewhere are not indicative of significant pedagogical differences.62 As such, the majority of differences between the Nippur material and material from other sites are as follows: (1) items belonging to a list arranged in an order different from the order best attested at Nippur, (2) addition or omission of items in a list, (3) chapters in a lexical series arranged in a different order from that attested at Nippur, (4) different lists of similar content and analogous purpose to those at Nippur (e.g., Syllable Alphabet B at Nippur replaced by Syllable Alphabet A elsewhere). However, there are two types of curricular variation that are significant enough to represent pedagogical discrepancies: lexical lists of similar content learned in stages of the curriculum other than primarily attested and curricular novelties that occur in one site but not elsewhere. Curricular novelties would include material without an obvious pedagogical counterpart found in Nippur or elsewhere. To our knowledge, however, there is nothing currently fitting into this category, and we mention it here only for the sake of completeness. Variation in the order that lexical lists were learned is evidenced by Type II tablets. One then needs to evaluate the nature of the compositions in 61 We do not believe that there was necessarily one curriculum to which all others aspired to be. Nevertheless, there is evidence that Nippur certainly thought of itself as the standard by which all others aimed—e.g., ANL 9, the letter from Nabi-Enlil to Dingir-Inim-siga (Kleinerman 2011, 194–98). 62 Moreover, there are many other contributing factors that could explain these types of differences. Aside from those already mentioned—namely, the nature of the school, who was trained therein, and the flexibility inherent in the material—there are also diachronic and synchronic differences and differences in the alleged quality of the school (e.g., House F versus Uruk). In addition, the absence of lists and/ or the variation in the distribution of tablet typology depend upon chances of discovery, and so any conclusions drawn from them would be based on an argument from silence.

The Sumerian Elementary Curriculum Outside Nippur

question so as to determine whether their insertion at a different point in the curriculum reflects a real change in pedagogy.Two examples are provided for clarification: the use of god lists and legal phrasebooks, both of which were used in different phases of the curricula outside Nippur than they were used in the Nippur curriculum. First, at Uruk, god lists occur on the obverses of Type II tablets with sign lists on the reverse.63 This is in contrast to Nippur, where the Nippur God List came at the end of the elementary phase of scribal training. However, the god names used in Uruk are much simpler than the entries in the Nippur God List. The former uses basic signs and spells out the names of gods syllabically, whereas the latter uses complex signs. In other words, the Uruk teachers used god lists to teach the same basic principles as the early sign exercises and personal names lists. As such, Uruk and Nippur schools used god lists of dissimilar content to teach distinct aspects of cuneiform and so were utilized at different points in the curriculum. Consequently, the Uruk god lists are not an example of a significant pedagogical discrepancy. Instead, they represent an instance in which the Uruk and Nippur teachers used lists of different content to teach the same concepts and so satisfy the same pedagogical needs. In other cases, however, variation in the use of god lists may reflect contrasting pedagogical practices. If, for instance, we were to find a section of a god list employing complex or compound signs on a Type II tablet containing a sign exercise or personal name list on the reverse, this would be an instance of a very different order of instruction and so reflect a pedagogical shift.This may be the case for the Weidner God List at Babylon and Ṭabatum;64 however, since these texts have yet to be published, we cannot confirm which sections of the list were taught at this early phase of training. Second is the use of legal phrasebooks. At Nippur, the so-called OB Nippur Phrasebook was learned at the end of the elementary curriculum. At Sippar, the Sippar Phrasebook was used near 63 Cavigneaux 1996, nos. 151, 152, and 153 (= W 16743, W 16603 e, W 16603 d). 64 Veldhuis 2014, 215.

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the beginning, bridging the gap between the sign exercises and the thematic list Ura. Comparison between the two texts makes it hard to understand whether these two phrasebooks served divergent pedagogical practices. This seems likely, however, given that the Sippar Phrasebook became Ura 1 and 2 in the MB period, while the OB Nippur Phrasebook became an esoteric text used only in Middle Assyrian Assur and Neo-Assyrian Nineveh.65 This suggests that, already in antiquity, scholars considered the Sippar Phrasebook to have a different use than the Nippur one, thereby satisfying contrasting pedagogical purposes. In conclusion, it emerges that the order in which OB students learned Sumerian is consistent diachronically and synchronically and comprised a logical progression from sign exercise lists, thematic lists, advanced sign lists, and sentence exercises. In other words, there was a general agreement as to what made up the proper elementary curriculum, including an understanding of what types of texts should be learned, in roughly what order, and by what methods. What does change to a significant degree, however, is the order in which the entries appear in any given text—for example, the names of professions in a list of human beings.66 This is the case when we compare lists from different sites but also lists from the same site. Even at Nippur, while there is a high degree of consistency in the lists used at the beginning of the elementary curriculum, the lists used in the latter stages demonstrate more flexibility. What also changes, although less frequently, are the types of list used to teach each level—for example, using a god list or legal phrasebook to teach basic

65 Veldhuis 2014, 188. 66 In this way it is possible that mechanisms described for the transmission of other compositions apply here as well. Delnero (2016a, 16) argues that “[t]he extent to which copies of liturgical hymns and divinatory texts vary strongly suggests that the content of these types of texts was edited frequently and substantially to adapt it to the particular performative or practical purpose the text was intended to serve in each instance.” Similarly, the same inconsistencies in the order of the lexical lists would mean that these texts were also edited to adapt them to particular needs of teachers and students.

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sign exercises versus using a god list or legal phrasebook to teach advanced analogical hermeneutics. At this point, there is not enough data to determine whether these differences represent the pedagogy of a southern school versus a northern school, although the evidence we do have suggests it. The Rosen material contributes significantly to our understanding of curricular variation during the OB period. Analysis of the types of lists and compositions attested among the Rosen tablets demonstrates that the school(s) represented by the Rosen corpus adhere to the standard of education present in OB Sumerian schools in Nippur and elsewhere and contain the expected degree of flexibility. In particular, 1. The Rosen tablets contain all the expected texts: basic sign lists, personal name lists, thematic lists, advanced sign lists, and proverbs. 2. Because we only have a small number of Type II tablets, we do not have sufficient evidence to draw any conclusions pertaining to the curricular order of the Rosen tablets as a whole.We do, however, have evidence to indicate at least some variation from what is known from Nippur. 3. Certain types of lists are well represented (Syllable Alphabet A, Sumerian and Akkadian personal names, Ura 1, Lu), while others are not (advanced sign lists, acrographic lists, Ugu-mu). 4. Some of the Rosen personal name lists are well attested elsewhere, while others are unique to our corpus. 5. The order of the Ura chapters and, especially, the entries within them often vary from that of the Nippur versions. 6. While we have a few examples of proverbs known from Nippur, the majority are (to our knowledge) unattested.67

67 Regarding the distribution of proverbs, see Tinney 2011, 583: “The various collections of proverbs do not exhibit a uniform distribution across sites or tablet types, nor do they have identical distributional profiles. . . . Local preferences and ad hoc exercises clearly inform the composition of this sub-corpus in which repertories of maxims may be recombined in various ways.”

7. The presence of the Tetrad, the Decad, and other literary compositions is evidence for advanced education. Before providing a detailed overview of the Rosen material, we would like to put forward the evidence to support the notion that these tablets form a corpus, despite the fact that we have no information regarding their provenience. Our evidence is the degree of internal consistency among the Rosen tablets. Thus, if we accept that the materials from the various scribal schools at Nippur reflect a local curriculum, then finding similar patterns in the Rosen tablets will demonstrate that they too represent a local curriculum, although its source is at present unknown.68 Indeed, the Rosen tablets display a high degree of consistency within individual compositions in the earliest stages of training. This consistency diminishes in the later stages of the elementary curriculum, as was the case at Nippur. Evidence for internal consistency in the Rosen tablets is threefold. First, the distribution of tablet types is indicative of a corpus. In particular, the vast majority of Sumerian personal name lists were written on Type IV tablets. Conversely, Akkadian personal names tend to occur on Type III tablets, with both narrow and wide ruling. Such wide-ruled Type III tablets are notoriously uncommon at Nippur and Ur.69 Although we cannot explain the reasons for this differentiation, the fact that it is attested consistently suggests a local or regional custom.70 Second, the exemplars of Ura behave like those from Nippur.The majority of the Ura Type IV tablets contain excerpts from Ura 1. Sources for Ura 2 through Ura 6 taper off progressively. That this distribution pattern matches that found for the Nippur 68 We recognize that the reconstruction of the Nippur curriculum is based on tablets discovered in multiple archaeological contexts. Indeed, a similar scenario is postulated for the Rosen corpus—namely, that we are dealing not with one school but rather with several schools located in the same urban setting. 69 Veldhuis 1996, 37. 70 This distribution is similar to that from Susa, in which Sumerian personal name lists are most often found on Type IV tablets, while Akkadian and Elamite names are found on Type III (see above).

The Sumerian Elementary Curriculum Outside Nippur

corpus indicates the likelihood that the Rosen tablets also represent a cohesive group. Third, the presence of multiple colophons mentioning individuals by the same name speaks in favor of a single corpus. For instance, three signatures are attested twice each in the Rosen tablets (see 290 and 291; 101 and 189; 207 and 372). The presence of these signatures suggests that the tablets on which they appear were taken from the same archaeological context.71 Taken together, these points suggest that we appear to have not disparate

71 We cannot explain why these particular exercises were signed, and not others, or why most students did not sign their work. It is interesting that at least one Type IV tablet with Sumerian personal names in the Schøyen Collection was also signed by Ur-Suen (MS 4881).

35

texts from various sites but rather several cohesive groups from the same city or closely linked cities.72 72 In addition, there are features in the Rosen school texts attested in similar documents from other non-Nippur collections. For example, one finds Type I and Type II tablets containing short reduplicated sections of a composition, something not found at Nippur (e.g., 16, 180, 283, 392, MS 4131, 4133, 4135, 4156, and an unprovenanced tablet published in Gadotti and Kleinerman 2017). In addition, we have a list of Sumerian personal names (182), which is very similar to a list of names in AO 5402 (J. Peterson, personal communication, October 2017). This list is attested on Type II and Type IV tablets outside of Nippur, at sites such as Ishali and Tell Harmal. Further parallels in Sumerian personal name lists are attested in both the Rosen and the Schøyen Collection texts; see 139, 142, and 145. Such features may indicate a shared tradition; at present its geographical extent is unknown due to the absence of sufficient data.

5 T H E RO SEN SCHO O L TABLETS Type IV

5.1.Tablet Typology and Tablet Shape Among the 715 Rosen tablets associated with scribal education are all five of the types known from Nippur school texts: Type I–IV and prisms. Type IV tablets are by far the majority with 535 exemplars (74.8%). The breakdown is as follows:1

Prism

The most striking difference is in the number of Type II versus Type IV tablets. In the Rosen corpus, the percentage of Type IV tablets is significantly higher than Type II and significantly higher than the percentage of Type IV tablets at Nippur. Conversely, at Nippur Type II tablets far exceed Type IV ones.Veldhuis notes that Type II tablets are much less common outside Nippur and suggests this may have been because these texts were meant to be recycled.3 Moreover, while such texts would have been preserved in controlled excavations, elsewhere, they may have been overlooked, as they are often “unattractive . . . broken or mutilated, full of erasures and deformed signs.”4 It is unclear whether this distribution reflects pedagogical differences.Veldhuis questions the relationship of Type IV to Type II tablets at Nippur, suggesting that perhaps lentils “were the tablets that were brought home to demonstrate progress at school to the parents.”5 Nevertheless, absence of evidence is not evidence of absence; therefore, it is impossible to establish to what extent Type II and Type IV tablets were used differently in different schools when one type outnumbers the other in the extant assemblage. As such, this may be due to the accident of discovery and preservation (e.g., Type II tablets were meant to be recycled) or may reflect different pedagogical practices.6

Table 1: Rosen assemblage (715) Tablet type

Number of sources

Type I (multicolumn) Type II (teacher-student) Type III (single-column) Type IV (lentil) Prism Cylinder

Percentage of total

30 24

4.2 3.4

106

14.9

535 19 1

74.8 2.7 0.1

This assemblage differs substantially from the Nippur assemblage. The picture presented by Veldhuis (1997) is as follows:2 Table 2: Nippur Assemblage Tablet type Approximate number of sources Type I Type II Type III

365 (p. 38); note this number is based on older (Falkowitz 1984) 67 (p. 37)

209 (p. 30) “thousands” (p. 36); about 900 “preserve identifiable text on both obverse and reverse” (Veldhuis 2014, 205) “relatively rare” (p. 37)

5.1.1. Type I (Multicolumn, 30 Total) Of the thirty Type I tablets, nine (30 percent) contain literary compositions. 3 Veldhuis 1997, 36.

1 This chart and those following do not include over fifty mathematical and metrological school tablets also in the Rosen collection. These tablets will be studied and published by G. Chambon.

4 Veldhuis 1997, 37. In contrast, Veldhuis suggested that the existence of a large proportion of unprovenanced Type IV tablets may be connected to the fact that they tend to be complete, and relatively well written, and so appeal to modern collectors.

2 For the ratio of tablet types in House F, see Robson 2001, 49–50. Similar to the Nippur corpus at large, Type II tablets account for roughly two-thirds of the House F tablets containing elementary exercises (49).

5 Veldhuis 1997, 39. 6 See Veldhuis 1997, 37, 39.

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T h e R o s e n S c h o o l Ta b l e t s

37

Table 3: Rosen Type I tablets (30) Text type Sign exercises Sign exercises / Sumerian personal names Sign exercises / undetermined Sumerian personal names Sumerian personal names / sign exercise Akkadian Personal Names Thematic lists Undetermined / advanced sign exercise Acrographic God lists / sign exercises God list Model contracts Literary

Number of sources

Percentage of total

3 2

10 6.7

Syllable Alphabet A (3); TuTaTi/SA A (1) Syllable Alphabet A/Ur-Nanše (2)

1 4 1

3.3 13.3 3.3

Ur-Nanše List (2); unparalleled (2) Sumerian PPN/TuTaTi

1 3

3.3 10

1

3.3

1 2 1 1 9

3.3 6.7 3.3 3.3 30

5.1.2. Type II (Student-Teacher, 24 Total) Of the twenty-four Type II tablets, three (390, 418, 419) contain a different composition on the obverse and reverse.7 In 390 the student learned a section of Ura 2 (reed baskets) on the obverse and then practiced part of an unparalleled sign list on the reverse. In 419 the student learned a section of animals similar to Ura 3. On the reverse, he practiced a

7 Either the remainder of the Rosen Type II tablets contains the same composition on the obverse and the reverse (as in 449), or as in the majority of cases, the reverse is blank or not preserved.

Notes

legal phrasebook (1); Ura 4 fish (1); ED Word List C (1) Ea (1) Nigga bilingual (1) god list/SA A (1); god list/TuTaTi (1) to be published by G. Spada known compositions (6); undetermined/ unparalleled (3)

series of metal objects (bronze and copper) similar to Ura 2. This sequence is comparable to the order of Ura known from Nippur. In 418, however, the situation is different: the student learned a series of animals similar to Ura 3 on the obverse, but on the reverse, he practiced excerpts from what appears to be a legal phrasebook. If this identification is correct, it would parallel the so-called northern curriculum, in which the Sippar Phrasebook was learned before Ura.8

8 Veldhuis 2014, 215.

Elementar y Education in Babylonia

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Table 4: Rosen Type II tablets (24) Text type Sign exercises Sumerian personal names Thematic lists

Number of sources

Percentage of total

Notes

7 2

29.2 8.3

SA A (7) unparalleled (2)

11

45.8

Acrographic lists God lists

1 2

4.2 8.3

Proverbs

1

4.2

Ura 1 (2); Ura 2 (2); Ura 2/sign list (1); Ura 3 (1); Ura 3/Ura 2 (1); Ura 3/legal phrasebook (1); Ura 4 (1); Ura 5 (1); Ura 6 (1) unparalleled entries from Nippur God List and Weidner God List unparalleled

5.1.3. Type III (Imgida, 106 Total) Among the Rosen Type III tablets, we find both those with the standard portrait orientation, in which the length is much longer than the width, as well as smaller landscape-shaped tablets, in which the width is longer than the length.9 In general, landscape tablets are more common in the Kassite period than the OB period. Nevertheless, as Tinney points out, “[T]he vagaries of archaeological context prevent us from knowing whether this practice is anything more than the habit of individual workshops.”10 A large proportion of the Rosen Type III tablets has rounded edges, a feature usually associated with Type II tablets. Tinney suggests that in these cases, “the tablet content can often be associated

9 For a general discussion of Type III tablets, see Tinney 2011, 581. For an example of landscape-shaped Type III tablets from Ur, see Delnero 2012b, 205. 10 Tinney 2011, 581.

with earlier phases of the scribal curriculum.”11 This is certainly applicable here, where the content is primarily personal names. Such tablets usually contain much wider lines, and so we refer to them as wide-ruled imgidas. In general, the width of the lines in a regular Type III tablet is about 4mm. In the wide-ruled Type III tablets, however, the width is 10–12mm.12 Table 5: Rosen Type III tablets (106) Tablet type Portrait shaped, regular rulings Portrait shaped, wide rulings Landscape shaped

Number of sources

Percentage

28

26.4

63

59.4

15

14.2

11 Tinney 2011, 581. 12 Compare, e.g., 277 (12mm) and 281 (4mm), both Akkadian personal name lists.

T h e R o s e n S c h o o l Ta b l e t s

39

Table 6: Portrait shaped, regular rulings (28) Text type

Number of Percentage of sources total

Sign exercises Sumerian personal names Akkadian personal names Thematic Acrographic God lists Literary

2 1 5 6 1 2 11

Notes SA A (1), unparalleled (1) Ur-Nanše

7.1 3.6 17.9 21.4 3.6 7.1 39.3

Ura 1 (3), Ura 3 (1), Ura 4 (1), Ura 5 (1) Saĝ known compositions (9); unparalleled / undetermined (2)

Table 7: Portrait shaped, wide rulings (63) Text type

Number of Percentage of sources total

Sign exercises Sumerian personal names Sumerian personal names / sign list Akkadian personal names Akkadian / Sumerian PPN Thematic God lists Proverbs Literary

4 6 1 38 1 2 7 1 3

Notes SA A (3), tu-ta-ti (1) Ur-Nanše (3); unparalleled (3) unparalleled/SA A unparalleled unparalleled Ura 1 (1), Ura 6 (1)

6.3 9.5 1.6 60.3 1.6 3.2 11.1 1.6 4.8

SP3.190, SP8.B34 unparalleled divine hymns(?)

Table 8: Landscape shaped (15) Text type Sumerian personal names Thematic God lists Proverbs Literary

Number of sources 1 1 2 3 8

Percentage of total 6.7 6.7 13.3 20 53.3

Notes unparalleled Ura 2 unparalleled known compositions (6); unparalleled (2)

Elementar y Education in Babylonia

40

5.1.4. Type IV (Lenticular, 535) The predominance of the Rosen Type IV tablets have the model/teacher’s exemplar on the obverse and the copy/student’s on the reserve.13 This is in marked contrast to the Nippur lentils,14 of which

the vast majority15 contain both the teacher’s exemplars and the student’s copy on the obverse.16 We cannot explain this stylistic difference, but it is interesting to observe that having the teacher’s copy on the obverse and the student’s on the reverse allows for more lines of a list to be transcribed per tablet.

Table 9: Rosen Type IV tablets (535) Text type Sign exercises Sumerian personal names Sumerian PPN / Akkadian letter Akkadian personal names Sumerian PPN / Akkadian PPN Akkadian PPN / Sumerian PPN Legal phrasebooks Thematic lists Advanced sign lists Humans Acrographic Ugu-mu God lists Proverbs Proverb / other Literary Undetermined

Number of sources

Percentage of Notes total SA A (13); unparalleled (3) Ur-me (15), Ur-Nanše (25); partial parallels to PBS 11/3 (8); unparalleled (81) Ur-me/Akkadian letter

16 129

3 24.1

1

0.2

57

10.7

2

0.4

Inana-teš (5); PN List Ba-[ . . . ] (2); PBS 11/2 (14); unparalleled (36) unparalleled

1

0.2

unparalleled

4 152 4 41 24 3 7 21 4

0.7 28.4 28.6 7.7 4.5 0.6 1.3 3.9 28.6

41 28

7.7 5.2

d

(2 unparalleled) see table 11 Diri (2); Syllabary A (1); undetermined/Syllabary A (1) ED Lu A (1); Lu (29); Lu-azlag (4); unparalleled (8) Izi (9); Kagal (8): Nigga (6); Sag (1) (1 with Akkadian personal names on the reverse) known (4); unparalleled (17) proverb/Lu; proverb/unparalleled sign list; proverb/ math; proverb/god list see table 12

13 Only a few Rosen Type IV tablets have the teacher’s and student’s copies together on the obverse—e.g., 7 (SA A); 61, 62, and 64 (Sumerian PPN); 654 (proverb). 14 Our data are based on the approximately 350 Nippur Type IV tablets published by Falkowitz 1984. To our knowledge the additional Nippur lentils in Istanbul have not been studied systematically. Veldhuis (1997, 38 n. 121) cites no more than three in Jena. Note the 250 lexical texts from Jena are now available on DCCLT.

15 Certainly 246, and probably 35 others. 16 Only four Nippur Type IV tablets have the teacher’s text on the obverse and the student’s on the reverse (Falkowitz 1984, 20).

T h e R o s e n S c h o o l Ta b l e t s

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Table 10: Nippur Type IV tablets (271)17 Text type

Number of sources

Percentage of total

Sign list

25

9.23

Personal names Thematic lists Lu Acrographic God lists Proverbs Literary

60 68 9 16 4 70 19

22.14 25.1 3.32 5.9 1.5 25.8 7.01

Notes Syllable Alphabet B (22); Syllable Alphabet A? (1); Pronunciation List (1); tu-ta-ti (1)

Proto Lu (8); OB Lu B (1) Izi (7); Kagal (5); Nigga (4)

Tetrad (= Lipit-Eštar B (11); Enlil-bani A (2)); Other (6)

Table 11: Rosen Type IV tablets thematic lists (152) Text type

Number of sources

Percentage of total

Ura 1 Ura 2

51 33

33.6 21.7

Ura 3 Ura 3/Akkadian PPN Ura 4 Ura 5 Ura 6

22 1 24 9 12

14.5 0.7 15.8 5.9 7.9

17 Statistics based on the catalog in Falkowitz 1984.

Notes

reed items (9), vessels (7), clay/earth (1), hides (5), metals (11) animals (21); cuts of meat (1) animals/unparalleled stones (10); birds (2); fish (2); textiles (7); plants (3) toponyms (4); fields (3); canals (1); other (1)

Elementar y Education in Babylonia

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Table 12: Rosen Type IV tablets with literary compositions (41) Text type

Number of sources

Percentage of total

Enlil-bani A Lipit-Eštar B Lipit-Eštar B or Iddin-Dagan B Nisaba A Iddin-Dagan B Iddin-Dagan Hymn Šulgi to Aradmu 3/math Unparalleled

3 14 1 5 3 1 1 13

7.3 34.1 2.4 12.2 7.3 2.4 2.4 31.7

Notes

(1 with an undetermined reverse)

5.1.5. Prisms (19) As at Nippur,18 lexical compositions from across the elementary curriculum are attested on the Rosen prisms. Table 13: Prism (19) Text type

Number of sources

Percentage of total

Notes

Akkadian personal names Thematic lists Humans Model contracts Undetermined

6

31.6

unparalleled

4 3 5 1

21.1 15.8 26.3 5.3

Ura 1 (1); Ura 3/5 (1); Ura 3/4/5 (1); Ura 4 (1) Entries from Lu and Lu-azlag to be published by G. Spada

5.1.6. Other (1) One other tablet shape is represented: 52 is a cylinder containing the Sumerian personal name list Ur-me in its entirety.

5.2.The Exercises The 715 Rosen tablets consist of the following exercises: sign exercises, personal names (Sumerian and Akkadian), thematic lists, advanced sign lists, the advanced thematic list of human beings 18 Veldhuis 1997, 29.

and professions, acrographic lists, Ugu-mu, god lists, proverbs, and literary texts.19

19 The classification and sequence of exercises follow Veldhuis 2014, 205–8. Our corpus also includes mathematical and metrological texts and model contracts. These will be published elsewhere by G. Chambon and G. Spada, respectively. The one OB bilingual grammatical text attested in the Rosen collection is not published in the corpus because Veldhuis conclusively demonstrated that these documents are not school exercises (2014, 219). For the publication, see Crisostomo 2016.

T h e R o s e n S c h o o l Ta b l e t s

43

Table 14: The exercises (715) Text type

Number of sources

Percentage of total

Notes

Sign exercises

35

4.9

Sumerian personal names Akkadian personal names Sumero-Akkadian personal names Legal phrasebooks Thematic Advanced sign lists Humans

147

20.6

SA A (26), TuTaTi (1), unparalleled (4), sign exercise / personal names (3), sign exercise / undetermined (1) Sumerian PPN (144), Sumerian PPN/Akkadian letter (1), Sumerian PPN/sign exercise (2)

107

15

4

0.6

5 178 5 44

0.7 24.9 0.7 6.2

Acrographic lists Ugu-mu God lists

27 3 23

3.8 0.4 3.2

Proverbs Model contracts Literary Undetermined

30 6 72 29

4.2 0.8 10.1 4.1

5.2.1. Sign Exercises Through sign exercises students were taught the basics: how to fashion a tablet, hold a stylus, draw wedges, and form signs. By nature, elementary sign lists are meaningless: they contain repetitions of signs with the introduction of a new one every few lines. In this way, elementary sign exercises are different from advanced ones, since the latter include “explanatory information on the correct use and interpretation of the signs.”20 The most common sign list at Nippur was Syllable Alphabet B (SA B), which consists of several hundred lines. The first part of SA B is consistent across manuscripts but becomes less so toward the end of the list. Since SA B is a Nippur text, it is not surprising that it is not attested in the Rosen

Sumerian/Akkadian (2), Akkadian/Sumerian (2) Ura 1-6 (177), ED Word List C (1) Ea (1), Diri (2), Syllabary A (2) ED Lu A (1), Lu (31), Lu-azlag (4), Lu/Lu-azlag (1), unparalleled (7) Izi (9), Kagal (8), Nigga (7), Saĝ (2), unparalleled (1) god lists (20), god lists/unparalleled (1), god lists/sign lists (2) proverbs (29), proverbs/humans (1) to be published by G. Spada

Corpus, where, as elsewhere in Babylonia, Syllable Alphabet A (SA A) was used instead.21 SA A contains 124 lines and shows a high level of textual stability regardless of provenience. The twenty-nine Rosen exemplars adhere to this picture and so present only minor variants. For instance, 11, 12, and 13 are Type IV tablets that each contain ll. 34, 111, and 80 of SA A, likely drawn together in this arrangement because they all begin with the sign an. Other variants are mechanical errors such as a-ni in place of aš-ni (20 rev. ii l. 9), za-ku in place of a-ku (20 rev. ii l. 13), and a-pa-ĝá (27 rev. ii 7′) in place of pa-ĝá-ĝá.The variant pa-pa-ĝá (26 obv. iii l. 3; 28 rev. i l. 16) for pa-ĝá-ĝá may have been deliberate.22 Finally,

21 Veldhuis 2014, 146. Three exemplars of SA A are known from Nippur, for which, see Ibid.

20 Veldhuis 2014, 144, 145.

22 Note the same error in MS 2201/5 l. 3.The presence of this variant in multiple manuscripts from different collections suggests a purposeful deviation.

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Elementar y Education in Babylonia

additional lines are added occasionally—for example, bu-a between nun-ur and lagab-a (23 obv. ii l. 6). The elementary sign exercise list TuTaTi is attested also among the Rosen tablets.The standard version of TuTaTi at Nippur contained 117 lines consisting of twenty-nine consonant groups (e.g., tu, ta, ti, tu-ta-ti, nu, na, ni, nu-na-ni, etc.) and the vowel sequence ú, a, i, ú-a-i. Veldhuis notes that “the TuTaTi pattern invites variation and so there are several nonstandard exemplars from Nippur as well as from other (mostly northern) sites.”23 Four Rosen manuscripts contain TuTaTi: 30, a wide-ruled Type III tablet; 32, a Type I tablet with TuTaTi in column one of the obverse and column two of the reverse and SA A ll. 1–39 in column two of the obverse and column one of the reverse; 181, a Type I tablet with TuTaTi on the obverse and Sumerian personal names on the reverse;24 and 577, a Type I tablet that alternates a section of divine names with a section of TuTaTi. 577 shows that at least some of our tablets reflect the postulated northern curriculum, which included god lists among the most basic exercises, a practice that did not occur at Nippur. Of particular interest is 31. This is a list of Akkadian personal names, which are broken down syllabically in such a way as to model stylistically TuTaTi. For example, the text begins a, hu, ni, each on its own line, followed by a-hu-ni. On the one hand, there are other exemplars of tablets that begin with TuTaTi and continue with Akkadian terms or names arranged in the TuTaTi pattern.25 On the other hand, to our knowledge, this is the only exemplar that does not include TuTaTi itself, although surely the exercise was learned in conjunction with TuTaTi. For that reason, we have included it among the sign exercise texts and not the Akkadian personal name lists.

Finally, we have several lentils that appear to be unparalleled sign exercises. For example, two (33 and 35) were clearly developed as practices on specific signs (an and ku, respectively), which begin each line. 5.2.2. Personal Names Personal name lists, attested as early as the third millennium BCE, were common throughout Babylonia during the OB period. Name lists include Sumerian, Akkadian, and Amorite names, or some combination thereof. Although they have not been extensively studied or published in full, Peterson’s 2011 survey identified at least eight lists in circulation at Nippur as well as other lists not attested at Nippur or known only from a few Nippur exemplars. These lists do not always share the same organizational principles, and the criteria by which they were arranged are not always clear.26 Moreover, some lists share similarities with elementary sign exercises and show a high degree of standardization across manuscripts (e.g., the Sumerian list Nin-nin and the Sumero-Akkadian list Inana-teš). Other lists, however, are less standardized (e.g., the Sumerian list Ur-ki) and likely were learned at a later stage of the curriculum.27 We have 147 tablets containing Sumerian personal names and 107 containing Akkadian ones. It is notable that the majority of Sumerian personal name exercises were written on Type IV tablets (130), while only about half of the Akkadian personal name exercises were written on them (57). In contrast, only nine Type III tablets contain Sumerian personal names (seven with wide rulings), but 43 Type III tablets have Akkadian ones (38 with wide rulings).The distribution of this tablet typology may indicate that the study of Akkadian personal names was considered more advanced than that of Sumerian ones.28

23 Veldhuis 2014, 147.

26 Veldhuis 2014, 149.

24 To our knowledge such a combination is otherwise unattested, but note the Nippur text that combines SA A and Sumerian personal names discussed in section 5.2.2.1 below. It makes sense pedagogically for these two elementary compositions to have been reviewed together.

27 Peterson, personal communication, 2018.

25 For which, see Veldhuis 2014, 147–48, and Yamada 2016.

28 It is interesting to note that at Susa also, Sumerian name lists were found primarily on Type IV tablets, while Akkadian (and Elamite) names occurred more often on Type III tablets (Malayeri 2012, 372), indicative of their nature as more advanced exercises.

T h e R o s e n S c h o o l Ta b l e t s

The Nippur lists frequently use the Personenkeil unless the exercise was written on a Type IV tablet.29 This, however, is not the case among the Rosen tablets: only one manuscript containing Sumerian personal names (179) uses Personenkeil before each entry. They are, however, more common among Akkadian name lists. Almost all of the wide-r uled Type III tablets use it, with the exception of 242 and 246,30 as do all of the prisms with Akkadian name lists. In contrast only eleven of the sixty Type IV Akkadian personal name tablets use the Personenkeil, which is in line with the Nippur data.31 5.2.2.1. Sumerian Personal Names Among the Rosen manuscripts, the two most common Sumerian personal name collections are the Ur-me and Ur-Nanše lists (so called by their first entry). To our knowledge, Ur-me is unattested at Nippur, while Ur-Nanše occurs on only a few manuscripts. However, both are found elsewhere in Mesopotamia during the OB period.32 The Rosen corpus contains seventeen exemplars of Ur-me and thirty- one exemplars of Ur- Nanše. Mechanical errors account for variations in the entries found in the Rosen manuscripts.33 At Nippur, the Ur-Nanše list is found only on one prism and three Type I tablets, where it is preceded by Syllable Alphabet A. Peterson suggests the existence of a “close association, if not the complete 29 With the exceptions of names from the Ur-ki and Nin-nin lists, both of which are lists of Sumerian names. See Peterson 2011, 252; and Peterson, personal communication, October 2017. 30 Of interest is 293, which has Akkadian names with the Personenkeil on the obverse and Sumerian names without it on the reverse. 31 The Type IV Akkadian name tablets that use the Personenkeil are 185, 187, 192, 198, 205, 212, 216, 220, 223, 239, 283. 32 Peterson 2011, 254–55. For further analysis of the Ur-Nanše list, with suggestions as to its origins and didactic role, see Klein and Sefati 2015. 33 Several Rosen and Schøyen texts (78, MS 2992, MS 4835, MS 4161, MS 2718) add Ur-saĝ-kud between Ur-saĝ-du (l. 59) and Ur-idim (l. 60), indicating that this was deliberate and perhaps the result of local variation (for which, see Delnero 2012b, 63–64).

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conflation, of these two texts at OB Nippur.”34 Similarly, two Type I tablets in the Rosen Collection contain SA A on the obverse and the Ur-Nanše list on the reverse (27, 28), indicating that at least in some instances, this was the accepted order of study.35 As such, the Rosen tablets preserving the Ur- me and Ur-Nanše lists are consistent with versions known from elsewhere; this was also the case for the Rosen exemplars of SA A.36 The Rosen evidence thus emphasizes the high degree of consistency in the earliest stages of Sumerian training regardless of diachronic and synchronic differences during the OB period. In addition, nine Type IV tablets have partial parallels to PBS 11/3, the so-called Lu-Enlil list. Peterson describes the list as “not rigidly standardized across exemplars, but certain sequences of entries are presented with a notably high degree of consistency across exemplars.”37 Our evidence is consistent with this conclusion. Finally, we have a considerable number of texts, especially Type IV tablets, with Sumerian personal names that do not match any of the known collections.38 Most contain entries beginning with the same element, such as lugal-, nin-, ur-, or dNanna-.39

34 Peterson 2011, 254. 35 See also MS 2992, a Type I tablet containing SA A followed by Ur-Nanše. 36 Worth noting is 78 l. 2, which has the variant ur-dsaĝ-kud for ur-saĝ-du in l. 59 of the standard list. This variant is present also in MS 2718 o iii 11. 37 Peterson 2011, 251. 38 We have one Type IV tablet (158) that may be a variant of the list Ur-ki, although we are hesitant to make that ascription given that only the first line is a direct match and because, otherwise, the list is known only from Nippur. 39 Peterson (2011, 252) argues that while the “lists with diverse content and short, acrographically related sections” would have been used in conjunction with the sign lists, “more advanced personal name lists mapped out the possible names that could occur in conjunction with a given onomastic element in extensive detail.” Moreover, the more advanced lists “were often not highly standardized, perhaps reflecting the more individual character of a more advanced exercise that was less reliant on a didactic paradigm” (Peterson 2011, 257).

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Notably, although they do not match lists known from elsewhere, two sets of Rosen tablets are duplicates of each other (121 and 122; 130 and 131), and additional tablets have parallels with tablets in the Schøyen Collection.40 Several wide-ruled Type III tablets combine Sumerian personal name lists with other elementary exercises. 179 contains Sumerian personal names on the obverse and SA A on the reverse. 181 has TuTaTi on the obverse and Sumerian personal names on the reverse. In addition, 47 is a Type IV tablet containing Ur-me on the obverse and an Akkadian letter on the reverse. While this tablet may illustrate an instance where the student learned some Sumerian personal names after he had mastered basic letter writing in Akkadian, no conclusions should be drawn from a single exemplar. As a final point, the Rosen sources for the Ur- me and Ur-Nanše lists fill several gaps in Peterson’s composite texts.41 Additions and restorations are as follows: Ur-me l. 157: [u]r-dnin-ĝešbanšur (48) l. 26′: ur-e11-dam-e (51, 52) Ur-Nanše l. 7: ur-ŠUL (28) l. 8: ur-ŠUBUR (28, 82, 56) l. 11: ur-nu (27, 28, 57) l. 36: ur-du6 (28) l. 37: ur-e11 (28) l. 49: ur-ki-maški (28) l. 59a: ur-saĝ-kud (28); ur-dsaĝ-kud (78)42 5.2.2.2. Akkadian Personal Names The Rosen tablets include four Type IV tablets that parallel dInana-téš (from the Akkadian section) and eight with at least partial parallels to the list A-a- kal-la, none of which display significant variation 40 See MS 2037/1 and texts 129: 2–3 and 182: o ii 11′–12′; MS 2201/4 and texts 132 and 177: 6′–7′; MS 2268/15 and text 160. 41 We are very grateful to Dr. Jeremiah Peterson for providing us with drafts of his composite texts for the Ur-Nanše and Ur-me lists. His generosity in sharing this preliminary data greatly expedited our work. 42 See also MS 4156.

from the Nippur versions. dInana-téš and A-a-kal-la are the two best attested personal name lists at Nippur. dInana-téš is a standardized list containing sections of Sumerian, Akkadian, and Amorite names.43 In contrast, A-a-kal-la is not standardized, and the order of the sections varies significantly in different Nippur manuscripts.44 As such, there may be an additional nine Type IV tablets and five wide-ruled Type III tablets in the Rosen collection that contain versions of the A-a-kal-la list; the criteria for inclusion in the list seem to be only the initial element a- and the clustering together of common initial elements (e.g., a-ha-, a-hi-, a-hu-) as in our exemplars (e.g., 204, 205, etc.). Further, the Rosen texts include two Type IV tablets containing at least one name found in the PN List Ba-[ . . . ].45 Six preserve at least one name from PBS 11/2, some of which may belong to the Diverse Element PN list.46 The majority of the remaining unparalleled Akkadian Type IV tablets contain three entries with the same initial elements, including i-, ma-nu-um-, nu-úr-, ša-, and šu-. In contrast, the thirty-eight wide-ruled Type III tablets with Akkadian personal names do not seem to draw on any known lists. In addition, we can identify no obvious patterns by which the exercises were organized; nine begin with the same sign, while the majority contain names beginning with diverse ones. This is unusual not only when compared to the Nippur material but also when compared to the Rosen Type IV tablets, which seem

43 Peterson 2011, 248. 44 Peterson 2011, 250. It is worth noting that at Nippur, A-a-kal-la is known almost exclusively on Type II tablets (Peterson 2011, 264–65), while all the certain exemplars of the list among the Rosen tablets are Type IV; although this may serve only to highlight that Type II tablets are underrepresented among what remains of the Rosen corpus. For the full listing of the occurrence of personal name lists on Type II tablets at Nippur, see Peterson 2011, 258. 45 PBS 11/1 includes dInana-téš but also the PN list Ba-[ . . . ], as Chiera considered the two to be part of the same list (Peterson 2011, 249). 46 Chiera included this in PBS 11/2, considering it a part of A-a-kal-la (Peterson 2011, 250).

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to contain sections of identical initial elements.47 Finally, there are six prisms containing Akkadian personal names that are organized by initial element but, to our knowledge, do not duplicate any known list. 5.2.2.3. Sumero-Akkadian Personal Names There are four tablets containing Sumerian personal names on one side and Akkadian ones on the other. In the case of 290 and 291, the Sumerian names are on the obverse and the Akkadian are on the reverse. Both exercises were signed by the same student on the reverse. In the case of 292 and 293, the Akkadian names are on the obverse, and the Sumerian are on the reverse. 5.2.3. Legal Phrasebooks There were two versions of a legal phrasebook in circulation during the OB period as well as a number of local recensions. These compositions focused on contract terminology and short verbal paradigms. In Nippur, ki-ulutin-bi-šè was taught in the advanced lexical phase along with Ugumu, the Nippur God List, Lu-azlag, and Saĝ. In the north, primarily known from Sippar, a legal phrasebook was taught before Ura 1.48 This suggests that the Sippar version was considered a thematic list, whereas the Nippur version was part of the advanced lexical education. In the Middle and Neo-Assyrian periods, ki-ulutin-bi-šè developed into ana ittišu, “a rare and very learned seven tablet compilation.”49 The Sippar legal phrasebook was incorporated as the first two chapters of har-ra = hubullu. Among the Rosen tablets, there are five texts— four Type IV and one Type II—all of which follow the northern (Sippar) tradition, and one Type I text, which is seemingly unique.50 Of the Type IV tablets, two contain a šu ti paradigm (294 and 295), which parallel the northern tradition (as evidenced by CBS 1862 [P230219]), and two are unattested (296, 297). 296 is an exercise in reduplicated verbs, and

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297 has a paradigm for the verb tuk with different family members as subjects. Finally, 418, a Type II tablet, preserves a section of Ura 3 on the obverse and a section of a legal phrasebook closely paralleling the Sippar one on the reverse. This tablet is important, as it highlights that a legal phrasebook was learned before Ura; this was the case in Sippar but not in Nippur. 5.2.4. Thematic Lists After the study of personal names, students learned a series of word lists, the first of which may have been the legal phrasebooks discussed above. At OB Nippur, however, the study of personal names was directly followed by a series known collectively as Ura, which consisted of six chapters arranged thematically: Ura 1: trees and wooden objects Ura 2: crafts (reeds, pots, leather, and metals) Ura 3: animals and cuts of meat Ura 4: objects found in nature (stones, plants, birds, and fish) Ura 5: geographical names Ura 6: food items The order of Ura at Nippur is well established, although there is still variation in the Nippur sources.51 In general, this variation is found on prisms and Type I tablets. Furthermore, the early chapters of Ura are well attested and standardized, whereas the latter, especially Ura 6, are neither.52 When considering non-Nippur Ura, Veldhuis suggests that “it is likely that the overall organization of Ura was more or less recognized all over Babylonia.”53 The evidence, however, is inconclusive. On the one hand, an unprovenanced prism (MS 3214 = CUSAS 12, 3.1.1 [P273880]) preserves the expected order of the themes in Ura 4, even if the order of the individual entries is different. In addition, an OB catalog from Yale lists the incipits of Ura 1 through 4 in sequence. On the other hand, a multicolumn tablet from Ur (UET 7, 92 [P247851]) mixes entries

47 See, e.g., Çiǧ and Kizilyay 1965. 48 Veldhuis 2014, 188–94, 208.

51 Veldhuis 2014, 149–50.

49 Veldhuis 2014, 188.

52 Veldhuis 2014, 155.

50 Text no. 298, to be published by C. Jay Crisostomo.

53 Veldhuis 2014, 155.

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from Ura 2 and Ura 4, and two cylinders from the Diyala (A 7895 [P230257]; A 7896 [P230258]) combine entries from Ura 3, 5, 6 and Ura 2, 3, 4, 6, respectively.54 The Rosen material is also inconclusive with respect to the overall organization of the Ura chapters. On the one hand, 419 is a Type II tablet that introduced Ura 3 on the obverse, while the student then practiced Ura 2 on the reverse. On the other hand, like the prisms from Ur and the Diyala, two of the four prisms from Rosen put together Ura 3 and 5 (421) and Ura 3, 4, and 5 (422).55 Neither exemplar, however, is consistent with the Nippur order. In 421, Ura 5 follows directly after Ura 3 with no room for Ura 4 between them (although it could have come at the end).56 In 422, the order is Ura 3, Ura 5, and then Ura 4.57 The Rosen manuscript tradition of the Ura chapters is consistent with that from Nippur in terms of source distribution and in the order of

54 Veldhuis 2014, 155. 55 The two other Ura prisms have only one face preserved. 356 contains entries attested in Ura 1, while 450 preserves entries from Ura 4. It is possible (if not likely) that these prisms once contained multiple Ura chapters. 56 Only two of presumably four faces are preserved. The left face has Ura 3, and if rotated to the right, the next face has Ura 5. Alternatively, if one starts with Ura 5 and rotates to the right, there would be two faces, and the final face would contain Ura 3. Or one could start with Ura 3 and rotate to the left. In this case the expected order might have been preserved if Ura 4 was in the missing faces. To our knowledge, however, it is unlikely that a prism would have been rotated counterclockwise. Thus, if the prism is rotated clockwise, regardless of which chapter one starts from, the order would be incorrect, as either Ura 5 would come before Ura 3, or Ura 5 would immediately follow Ura 3. 57 If one starts with the face preserving Ura 3 and rotates the prism to the left, then the order is one face preserving Ura 4, followed by two faces preserving Ura 5. If, however, one starts with the face preserving Ura 3 and rotates the prism to the right, then the order would be Ura 3, followed by two faces with Ura 5, followed by Ura 4. That this was the order intended is suggested by the fact that the first face of Ura 5 contains lines paralleling those in the 200s of the Nippur version, while the little that is left of the second face contains lines similar to ll. 371–378a.

entries. Thus, the Rosen corpus contains more exemplars of Ura 1 than any other chapter, and they display a relatively high degree of consistency with Nippur Ura 1. Progressively, however, the manuscripts for other Ura chapters diminish in number and become less standardized. The highest level of variation among Nippur and Rosen sources is Ura 6, which was “not standardized at all—each tablet or prism seems to have its own set of variants.”58 5.2.4.1. Ura 1:Trees and Wooden Items Fifty-eight Rosen tablets contain words for trees or wooden items. The majority of the fifty- one Type IV tablets have entries that at least partially parallel the sequences found in Nippur Ura 1, while those that do not are mostly damaged.59 Items found in Nippur Ura 1 also occur on Type II tablets (350; 351), a wide-ruled Type III tablet (352), Type III tablets (353, 354, 355), and a prism (356). Of note, the sequence of entries in manuscripts of these tablet types is often very different from the Nippur sequence.60 For example, 356 contains ll. 543/564, 154, 152a, 536, and 537; unfortunately, many of its other entries are broken. 5.2.4.2. Ura 2: Crafts (Reeds, Pots, Leather, and Metals) Thirty-four tablets in the Rosen corpus contain items in keeping with the themes of Nippur Ura 2 (reeds, pots, leather, and metals). Of the thirty-three Type IV tablets, only one has a full sequence parallel (441) with the Nippur version; the rest contain partial parallels or unparalleled sequences. 419 is a Type II tablet with Ura 3 on the obverse and Ura 2 on the reverse, demonstrating that at least in this instance, Ura 3 was learned after Ura 2. Some of the entries are found in Nippur Ura 2, but the tablet 58 Veldhuis 2014, 155. 59 Five Type IV tablets have sequences that fully parallel those from Nippur Ura 1: 301, 303, 310, 329, 334.Thirty-nine have entries that partially parallel the sequences found in Nippur Ura 1. Six have no entries that are attested in Nippur Ura 1, but four of them are damaged. One tablet preserves only the beginning sign ĝeš. 60 There are exemplars that follow the Nippur sequence more closely—e.g., 350, 354, and (to an extent) 355.

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is not well preserved. Overall, the Ura 2 material displays a higher degree of variation from Nippur than the Ura 1 material. 5.2.4.3. Ura 3: Animals and Cuts of Meat Twenty-eight tablets contain entries from Ura 3. The majority of the twenty-two Type IV tablets have at least partial sequence parallels to Nippur Ura 3, as do the three Type II tablets, one Type III tablet, and two prisms. The Type II tablet, 418, is unusual because of its rare parallels on the reverse with Ki- ulutinbiše.The order, with Ura 3 on the obverse and an excerpt from an allegedly more advanced legal phrasebook on the reverse, is worth highlighting. 5.2.4.4. Ura 4: Objects Found in Nature (Stones, Plants, Birds, and Fish) Twenty-six tablets belong to Ura 4. Twenty- five Type IV tablets contain entries similar to those found in Nippur Ura 4, but only two have full sequence parallels (426, 429), and about one-third (eight total) do not share any terms in common with the Nippur version. One Type II tablet (444) is a list of textiles known from OB Nippur Ura 4. In addition, there are four tablets with excerpts from Early Dynastic lists of fish and birds. 434 (Type IV) contains parallels to the Early Dynastic Bird List but also has an entry that parallels Ura 4. 436 (Type IV) lists entries also attested in the Early Dynastic Fish List. The other two, 435 (Type IV) and 449 (Type I), contain entries paralleled in ED Fish and Ura 4.This is not surprising; the ED lexical tradition is well documented in the OB period61 and coexisted with the Ura chapters in the OB schools.62

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5.2.4.6. Ura 6: Food Items Twelve Type IV tablets contain food items, none of which contain identical sequences attested from the Nippur exemplars of Ura 6, although some have entries known from it.63 Of interest is 465, which contains entries similar to ll. 44, 46, and 47 of the Early Dynastic Food list. As expected, these entries modernize the orthography, replacing utux(LAK384) with útu(U.GA).64 5.2.4.7. Other Thematic Texts: ED Word List C 476 contains an excerpt from the Early Dynastic text known as Word List C.65 Although 476 is only a fragment, it likely once preserved the entire composition. In addition, it shares many similarities to MS 3373 (CUSAS 12, 6.4.1 X5 [P252314]), a more complete OB version of the list.This is not surprising, as the ED lists tend to be highly standardized in their OB copies.66 As such, we can speculate that 476 closely followed the order of the entries known from the ED version. Together with 434 (ED Birds), 436 (ED Fish), 435 (ED Fish and Ura 4), 449 (ED Fish and Ura 4), and 465 (ED Food) discussed above, 476 sheds additional light on the OB treatment of ED lists. In particular, the Rosen material provides further evidence that the OB curricular lexical texts and the ED lexical texts, still in circulation during the OB period, were learned in conjunction with one

63 For example, 464 contains entries for beer (kašdidax). Line 1 occurs in SLT 12 o ii 7 [P227925], an OB Nippur version of Ura 6, and l. 2 is similar to N 6252 (MSL 11, 95 I1 o i 3 [P229332]), also an OB Nippur version of Ura 6. 473, which has entries for cucumbers, also parallels lines from SLT 12 r v 9′, 12′, and 15′. 474, a Type II tablet, has a sequence comparable to SLT 12 r i 7′–14′.

5.2.4.5. Ura 5: Geography Nine Type IV tablets contain entries that thematically belong with Ura 5. Two have at least partial sequence parallels with Nippur Ura 5 (455, 456), and one (451) is a full sequence parallel with Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 8 ii 16 (MSL 11, 141).

64 For this phenomenon, see Veldhuis 2014, 217.

61 Veldhuis 2014, 216.

65 We are especially grateful to Klaus Wagensonner for this identification. The nature and purpose of Word List C during the ED period are problematic. For discussion of this enigmatic composition, see Civil 2013, to which we can now add this manuscript, and for discussion of this manuscript in particular, see Wagensonner 2019.

62 Veldhuis 2014, 218.

66 Veldhuis 2014, 216.

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another, at least in some instances.67 This makes sense for cases like ED birds, fish, and food, where at least some of the terminology would have been relatively familiar, and indeed 435 and 449 mix terminology from the ED lists and the Ura chapters. In contrast, the terminology of ED Word List C, of which 476 is an exemplar, was arcane. Moreover, with one exception,68 the OB copies of Word List C known to us are written beautifully—for example, Type I tablets 476 and MS 3373 and the prism SLT 42 (P228051). As such, ED Word List C is grouped together with the other thematic texts in this volume only for expediency. Its purpose in the OB curriculum may have been very different. Indeed,Veldhuis suggested of SLT 42, which forms a set with a prism containing ED Lu A (SLT 113 = P218302),69 that these texts were “hardly school texts” but were instead “written by an accomplished scribe who copied these enigmatic texts to appropriate part of an ancient tradition, a change of knowledge that went back all the way to the invention of writing.”70 In sum, our exemplars of ED lists found on Type IV tablets, especially those containing terms known from Ura, illustrate how the ED material was woven into the OB curriculum.The point at which a text as enigmatic as Word List C would have been learned, however, remains unclear. Regardless,Veldhuis suggests that the ED texts were copied as a “statement of identity,” connecting the Semitic-speaking OB scribe to the ancient tradition of Sumerian.71 This explains their presence in the OB schools. 5.2.5. Advanced Sign Lists Three advanced sign lists were introduced during the OB period: Ea (and its bilingual counterpart Aa), 67 See also, e.g., ED Lu A attested on the reverse of a Type II Nippur tablet with Nigga on the obverse (Veldhuis 2010, 380–81). For more on the usage of ED lists in the OB curriculum, see also Taylor 2008, 205;Veldhuis 2014, 216–18. 68 Wilson 2008, no. 60 (P388293) is a Type I tablet, but certainly not a prime example of one. 69 For discussion of sets of ED lexical texts from Nippur, see Veldhuis 2004, 92; 2010, 396. 70 Veldhuis 2006, 196. 71 Veldhuis 2010, 395.

Diri, and Syllabary A. Although advanced sign lists required an explanatory component (pronunciation glosses and/or translations), in the OB period, this was often memorized and not written out. Ea and Aa explain the readings and meanings of simple signs, while Diri explains that of complex signs. Ea contains the gloss followed by the sign, although the gloss can be omitted. Aa adds the Akkadian translation. Often one sign is repeated because it has multiple readings. Diri contains the gloss, the sign, and the Akkadian translation. During the OB period, students often omitted the gloss but rarely omitted the Akkadian.72 Diri was a more advanced exercise than Ea and Aa, and at Nippur it was learned at the end of the elementary curriculum before the mathematical tablets.73 Syllabary A contains item marker (DIŠ), followed by the sign. In the OB period, the sign name and pronunciation, attested in first millennium manuscripts, would have been taught orally. The majority of OB sources for this text comes from the north (Sippar and Kiš), although a few lentils are attested at Nippur.74 The full text is reconstructed from first millennium sources (MSL 3), but OB exemplars preserve sequences similar enough to suggest that “the sequence of signs and number of repetitions of each sign was more or less fixed already in the Old Babylonian period.”75 There are five Rosen tablets with advanced sign lists, none of which has the Akkadian column. 477 is a Type I tablet, the obverse of which is lost. The reverse contains sections of Ea that are attested in the Nippur version, although not in the order presented there. It is likely that the obverse also contained entries from Ea. Two Type IV tablets contain Diri; 478 directly parallels a section of OB Nippur Diri, and although 479 is not a direct parallel, it is a recognizable variant. As such, the Rosen evidence

72 Veldhuis 2014, 177–83. 73 Veldhuis 2014, 207. 74 Veldhuis 2014, 177–78. 75 Veldhuis 2014, 178. See, for instance, Tanret 2002, no. 19 (P332861).

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conforms to what is known about Ea/Aa and Diri from other non-Nippur sites.76 One of the two Rosen exemplars of Syllabary A, 480, contains entries corresponding to MSL 3 ll. 25, 30, 33, 36. It omits the repeated entries but preserves the order of the main sequence. In contrast, the other exemplar, 481, contains MSL 3 l. 123, ŠA, repeated twice, whereas in the first millennium version, ŠA is not repeated. 5.2.6. Lists of Human Beings There are two lists of human beings, containing (primarily) professional titles and functions, attested from the OB period: Lu = ša (hereafter OB Lu) and Lu-azlag. OB Lu has a long textual history continuing in the first millennium BCE. In contrast, Lu- azlag is attested only in the OB and MB periods.77 There are two indications that the lists may have had different pedagogical purposes. First, OB Lu is not a purely thematic list. Besides containing the expected professional terms, it also includes words based on “thematic and graphic attraction,” thus associating it with the acrographic lists. Conversely, Lu-azlag is purely thematic, preserving terms only associated with the human sphere.78 Second, evidence from Type II sources suggests that these lists may have had different pedagogical purposes. Type II tablets at Nippur place OB Lu between Ea and Izi—therefore, as the transition between the advanced sign lists and the acrographic lists. Lu-azlag, however, cannot be securely placed in the curriculum because of a lack of relevant Type II sources. Nevertheless, the fact that Lu-azlag was almost exclusively copied in a bilingual format suggests its function was akin to that of Diri.This would situate Lu-azlag at the end of the study of both the advanced sign lists and acrographic lists. It should be noted, however, that the association of Lu-azlag with Diri is tenuous, especially given that, unlike Diri, the translations in Lu-azlag are “straightforward renderings of the Sumerian words.”79 It may

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be significant that none of the Rosen exemplars of Lu-azlag is bilingual, suggesting perhaps a different curricular function for the list outside Nippur.80 In sum, OB Lu was a thematic and acrographic list learned between the advanced sign lists and the acrographic lists. Lu-azlag was a thematic list, and although it was often written in bilingual form, the translations seem to be of a different nature than those in Diri. Given that, it is tempting to speculate that Lu-azlag was studied earlier in the curriculum, perhaps immediately following Ura, with which it has more in common from an organizational standpoint. According to modern categorization, there are three versions of Lu-azlag, classified based on the distribution of the sources.Version A, which is a secondary Nippur version, is at present attested in only one Nippur text. Version B+C is considered the main Nippur version and occurs on approximately twenty-five exemplars. Finally, version D seems to be associated with a northern tradition, although at present nothing more can be said about this.81 The Rosen texts include thirty-one Type IV tablets containing at least one entry from OB Lu, seventeen of which preserve sequence parallels, suggesting familiarity with the Nippur tradition. Four Type IV tablets have at least one entry from Lu-azlag. Interestingly, all the Rosen Collection exemplars of Lu-azlag share entries with either OB Lu-azlag A or B+C, the two Nippur versions of the list.To our knowledge, the Rosen tablets are the only non-Nippur exemplars of these lists. In addition, there are three prisms, none of which contains direct sequence parallels from OB Lu or Lu-azlag. Rather, items known from Nippur sources are interjected among mostly unparalleled ones. Notably, 523 contains entries from OB Lu, Lu-azlag

78 Veldhuis 2014, 160–62.

80 However, note that all the Rosen exemplars are found on Type IV tablets, whereas the majority of OB Lu-azlag manuscripts archived on CDLI is from bilingual Type I and Type III tablets (although unilingual exemplars do occur, see, for instance, MAH 16239 [P424117]). As such, one cannot rule out the possibility of the existence of bilingual Type I and III tablets from the corpus to which the Rosen tablets belonged.

79 Veldhuis 2014, 207–8.

81 Veldhuis 2014, 166.

76 Veldhuis 2014, 182, 187. 77 Veldhuis 2014, 160–62.

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A, and Lu-azlag B+C. The remaining two prisms (524 and 525) only contain words from OB Lu. Finally, there is one Type IV tablet (482) that parallels ED Lu A. This text is more stable than the other ED lexical lists in the Rosen collection (see 5.2.3.4 and 5.2.3.6 above), which is to be expected, as ED Lu A overall is less prone to variation.82 5.2.7. Acrographic Lists Acrographic lists are word lists organized by the first sign of the entry or by a significant sign within the entry. Four are known from the OB period: Izi, Kagal, Nigga, and Saĝ. Izi and Kagal are well attested throughout Babylonia, although the textual history of the latter is complex. Conversely, Nigga is mostly known from Nippur, whereas Saĝ appears to be restricted to the north.83 The manuscript tradition for the acrographic lists is more complex than those for the lists already discussed. In this regard, Veldhuis writes, “Acrographic texts from Nippur are well-standardized in the sequence of sections and their general organization. In detail, however, tablets vary widely in the number of entries in each section. . . . Frequently items are inserted or omitted, giving the impression of a stable framework within which there was quite some room for improvisation.”84 Among the Rosen tablets, nineteen have at least one entry corresponding to a known acrographic list, while seven contextually belong to a known list but preserve no entries attested elsewhere. One Type II tablet (550) appears to be an unparalleled list of the acrographic type. The Rosen exemplars of Izi (nine Type IV tablets) are closest to the Nippur version, as they contain entries that are paralleled there. The confirmed exemplars of Kagal,85 Nigga, and Saĝ contain only one line attested in the Nippur versions.

Nigga was not well known outside of Nippur.86 We tentatively add two more exemplars, as two Type IV tablets contain one line each from the Nippur version. In addition, and with some reservation, four more Type IV tablets can be assigned to Nigga based on the fact that they contain three entries each beginning with a sign known to begin a section of OB Nippur Nigga. Of particular interest is 552, a Type I tablet containing lines from OB Sumerian Nigga in the left-hand column and Akkadian translations in the right-hand column.87 Aside from the miscellaneous vocabulary published by Crisostomo (2016), this is the only bilingual exercise in the Rosen OB school exercise corpus.88 Finally, one Type IV tablets and one Type III tablet are identified as belonging to Saĝ based on the fact that all entries begin with KA, one of Saĝ’s known sections. Both texts contain at least one line found in another known OB Saĝ text, but there are no sequence parallels. 5.2.8. Ugu-mu The list of body parts followed by the possessive pronoun -ĝu10(MU) is known from a number of OB sites,89 so it is surprising that there are only three exemplars in the Rosen corpus. 553 parallels OB Nippur Ugu-mu ll. 30–33 (omitting l. 31) and allows us to tentatively reconstruct l. 32 of the Nippur version as suhur-dili-ĝu10. 554 and 555 are unparalleled in the OB Nippur version of the list, but the presence of the -ĝu10 makes their identification certain. 5.2.9. God Lists There are numerous god lists dating to the OB period that provide evidence for the existence of multiple locally based traditions.The best known are the Nippur God List and the Weidner God List.The Nippur God List “is an exceptional member of this group [of local god lists], only because it survived

82 Veldhuis 2014, 217. 83 Veldhuis 2014, 166–72. 84 Veldhuis 2014, 170. 85 There are exemplars of the building section as well as the section beginning with A. As is to be expected, none of our exemplars mix these two sections.The building section may be part of Ura in some traditions (see Veldhuis 2014, 171–72).

86 Veldhuis (2014, 175 n 371) cites only two exemplars. 87 552 will be published by C. J. Crisostomo. 88 For multilingual education in the OB Sumerian schools, see Crisostomo 2014 and his recent summary in 2016, 29–30. 89 Veldhuis 2014, 159.

T h e R o s e n S c h o o l Ta b l e t s

in many duplicates, including numerous school extracts.”90 It was studied in the final stages of the elementary curriculum, alongside texts such as the Nippur phrasebook, Ugumu, Lu-azlag, and Saĝ. The Weidner God List is chronologically and geographically widespread.91 It was studied at the beginning of the elementary curriculum, in conjunction with SA A, Syllabary A, and the Sippar Phrasebook.92 Twenty-three Rosen tablets preserve excerpts of god lists. These lists contain names that occur in the Nippur God List, names in the Weidner God List, and also names that are unparalleled. Three tablets are of special interest. 576 (Type I) contains a section of a god list on the obverse and a section of Syllable Alphabet A on the reverse. 577 (Type I) combines excerpts from a god list with TuTaTi. 560 (Type IV) preserves two divine names on the obverse and Akkadian personal names on the reverse. This suggests that the Rosen god lists were studied in the earlier phase of the elementary curriculum, as was the case elsewhere outside of Nippur.93 5.2.10. Proverbs A proverb is a short sentence expressing what is perceived to be a commonsense truth or advice, presumed to be understood and applicable to every individual of the society in which it was produced. Modern Sumerological studies reflect two traditional approaches to the study of proverbs. In the first, the paremiological approach, proverbs are understood as “actual proverbial expressions used by ordinary Sumerian speakers, collected by scholars as sayings by sages of old.”94 This approach has been followed by Gordon (1959, 1960), Falkowitz (1980), Alster (1997), and others. In the second, the curricular approach, proverbs are studied by considering their position in the OB Sumerian scribal schools

53

rather than as an expression of Sumerian wisdom. This approach has been advocated by scholars such as Veldhuis (2000) and Taylor (2005), among others.95 Although we recognize the validity of the paremiological approach, at present we can only study proverbs within the context in which they were found, which, to the best of our knowledge, is in the OB school. As such we treat them as curricular exercises. Scholars have organized Sumerian proverbs into over twenty collections based primarily on their occurrence on large Nippur tablets.96 This labeling system is problematic for several reasons. First, it is a modern construct with no ancient equivalent.97 Second, it was developed based on tablets almost exclusively attested at Nippur, although more recent studies have identified proverbs from these collections outside Nippur as well.98 Third, when we find proverbs outside Nippur but attested in Nippur collections, they occur by themselves on Type IV tablets.99 As such, it is impossible to determine whether the entire collection, or just excerpts from it, was studied at the site. Despite these problems, the labeling system remains a useful tool in order to identify proverbs and so is retained here. Thirty texts in the Rosen Collection contain proverbs, most of which are on Type IV tablets.100 The majority is unparalleled.101 Several parallel collections 1, 3, and 5, which is to be expected, as these are the most common Nippur collections.102 Of note is 605, which contains three proverbs.The first

95 For a thorough review of these two approaches, see Alster and Oshima 2006. 96 See Gordon 1960; Alster 1997. 97 Taylor 2005, 24. 98 Taylor 2005; Alster 2007. 99 Taylor 2005, 26.

90 Veldhuis 2014, 199. 91 For the Weidner God List, see most recently Tugendhaft 2016, especially pp. 166–70. 92 Veldhuis 2014, 200, 208. 93 Veldhuis 2014, 214; also the case in Uruk, Mari, Sippar, and MB sources. 94 Veldhuis 2000, 383.Veldhuis is here describing the approach employed by Alster (1997).

100 The rationale for ascribing unparalleled proverbs and literary texts to either category is unique to each text and so addressed in the remarks of the textual edition when the nature of the text is not obvious. 101 This is not unique as discussed by Tinney 2011, 583–84 with previous literature. 102 See the chart on Taylor 2005, 25. A similar situation is attested among the proverbs from the Schøyen Collection, for which, see Alster 2007.

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is unparalleled, the second parallels SP3.190, and the third parallels SP8.B34. 5.2.11. Literary Texts About 175 literary compositions have been ascribed to the advanced stage of the OB Sumerian scribal curriculum.103 Modern scholars have identified three main groups of Sumerian literature from Nippur: the Tetrad, the Decad, and the House F Fourteen. The compositions included therein, however, were not the only ones that OB teachers employed, and it is unclear how much the collections were used outside of Nippur.104 Of the seventy-two tablets with literary compositions in the Rosen collection, twenty-nine preserve short excerpts from all four Tetrad texts. In addition, five tablets contain passages with the first three compositions from the Decad (Šulgi A, Lipit-Eštar A, and the Song of the Hoe) and the seventh (Enki’s Journey to Nippur). There are also two manuscripts of Ninurta’s Return to Nippur; one manuscript of Dumuzi’s Dream; one manuscript of Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld;105 two manuscripts of the Dialogue Between Two Women;106

103 Tinney 2011, 584. 104 For a more in-depth discussion of this topic, see the end of section 3 above. 105 Gadotti and Kleinerman 2019. 106 One of which is bilingual. Both are published in Matuszak 2021.

one manuscript of the dialogue Edubba E;107 one manuscript of the Temple Hymns;108 one of the letter from Šulgi to Aradmu 3 (= CKU 6); two letters from Iddin-Dagan to Sin-illat109 (= SEpM 3); and one of the letter from Šamaš-ṭāb to Ilak-nu’id (= SEpM 17).110 The remainder is unparalleled;111 worth highlighting is 658, a bilingual composition about the goddess Nin-abul.112 Although it is unclear whether this text belongs to the literary genre in general or, more specifically, towisdom literature, we opted to place it here for the sake of convenience. There are also four Akkadian literary texts, not included in our catalog, that have been or will be published elsewhere.113 107 To be published by Manuel Ceccarelli in his forthcoming edition of the composition. 108 To be published by Monica Phillips with a new edition of this composition. 109 For the reading /illat/ for KASKAL×KUR, see Molina and Notizia 2012, 56. 110 Published in Kleinerman and Gadotti 2014. 111 Including a Šulgi hymn (Cohen 2005), a hymn to Ur- Ninurta (to be published by Gadotti and Kleinerman), and two hymns(?) on wide-ruled Type III tablets published here: 656, a Ninĝešzida hymn, and 657, a hymn or prayer to Utu. 112 Gadotti and Kleinerman 2015. 113 For CUNES 50-07-013, see Gadotti and Kleinerman 2011; CUNES 48-07-173, a section based on Gilgamesh OB tablet II, was published by A. George (2018). CUNES 48-10- 160 and 50-02-054 are currently undetermined Akkadian literary texts. For a short summary of Akkadian literature in OB scribal school contexts, see Tinney 2011, 581.

6 SI GN ATURES Ten fully preserved signatures are attested in the Rosen tablets, one of which also has a date. In addition, two tablets have dates but no signatures, and

one tablet has a colophon but no signature. For convenience sake, these colophons have been arranged in a table in alphabetical order.

Table 15: Signatures Name

Tablet number

Tablet type

Content

a-bu-wa-qar

290

Type IV

a-bu-wa-qar

291

Type IV

gala10(LÚ.DIŠ)-dnisaba i-a-suen-ilum d ìl-ib-ni-šu

107 408 556

Type IV Type IV Type IV

m

im-{erasure} it-ti-é-a-lu-da-ri it-ti-é-a-lu-da-ri d lugal-TAR-si d šamaš-ba-ni šu-dšamašaš

663 101 189 591 577 356

Type III Type IV Type IV Type IV Type I Prism

ur-dèš-kur ur-dsuen

578 207

Type I Type IV

ur-dsuen

372

Type IV

ur-dx-(x?)

214

Type IV

ur-˹x-x˺

211

Type IV

n/a n/a n/a

668 669 356

Type III Type III Prism

Obverse: Sumerian personal names Reverse: Akkadian personal names Obverse: Sumerian personal iti kug-X names; Reverse: Akkadian personal names Sumerian personal names Ura 3 God List The signature reads [i]m? ìl-šu-ib-ni-šu. Literary Sumerian personal names Akkadian personal names Proverbs God List, TuTaTi Ura 1 The signature reads TI šu-dšamašaš, indicating that the scribe completed the exercise. God List The tablet is unfinished. Akkadian personal names The signature reads im ur- d suen. The same colophon occurs on MS 4881, a Type IV tablet containing Sumerian personal names. Ura 2 The signature reads im ur-dsuen. Akkadian personal names The signature reads im ur-dx-(x?). Akkadian personal names The signature reads im ur-˹x-x˺. Literary iti x-è u4-26-kam ba-zal Literary iti zíz-a u4-18 Ura 1 ti-la dnisaba

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Notes

7 CO N CLUSI O N The OB school tablets housed in the Rosen collection offer an important contribution to the study of southern Mesopotamian elementary education in Sumerian, which thus far has been reconstructed primarily from the findings at Nippur. Although the Rosen material has much in common with that from Nippur, it aligns more closely with the so-called northern curriculum, otherwise best represented at Sippar. Unfortunately, it is uncertain whether this reflects a true geographic split, as the location of the Rosen corpus is unknown. The following paragraphs summarize the evidence. In terms of the similarities that the Rosen materials shares with the Nippur curriculum, it is important to draw attention to the following. First and most significantly, the overall structure of education was the same in both the elementary and advanced stages. All types of lists known from Nippur are represented. Moreover, the evidence from Type II sources suggests that the order of the curriculum was roughly equivalent, with some notable exceptions discussed below. In addition, of the seventy-two literary texts in the Rosen corpus, only five are unparalleled, while the remainder duplicate compositions attested elsewhere.This further indicates the shared Sumerian literary heritage that was considered an important part of the curriculum. Second, among the Rosen exercises, as at Nippur, the earliest ones were the most standardized (e.g., the elementary sign exercises, Sumerian personal name lists, and earliest Ura chapters), and the teachers did not deviate significantly from the available material. Conversely, in the later stages, the teachers used the known lists as points of departure to create their own personalized exercises. This was especially true among the advanced lexical corpus, primarily the advanced sign lists, the acrographic lists, and the list of human beings. The degree of variation must be attributed to pedagogical choices on the part of individual teachers or advanced students, who were not afraid to experiment with

old materials in new ways and in fact were likely encouraged to do so as part of their curriculum. Third, the manuscript distribution of Ura and the degree of variation in its entries are the same among the Rosen and Nippur manuscripts; Ura 1 is the most consistent across manuscripts and has the largest number of attestations. Each chapter is progressively less consistent and less well attested, until Ura 6, which is so variable as to have no composite even at Nippur.1 Fourth, the Rosen Type IV tablets containing lists of human beings have interesting similarities with the Nippur versions of the lists.2 As discussed above, the manuscripts of Lu-azlag in the Rosen Collection share similarities with OB Lu-azlag A or B+C. This is worth highlighting again as these compositions are otherwise only attested at Nippur. At the same time, however, the Rosen material shares certain key features aligned with the northern curriculum, which has been identified primarily at Sippar. First is the predominance of certain elementary exercises. Like everywhere outside Nippur, Syllable Alphabet A was used in lieu of Syllable Alphabet B. In addition, the Sumerian name lists Ur-Nanše and Ur-me are quite well attested.These compositions were used broadly across Babylonia but only rarely at Nippur, if at all. Second is the order of study of certain lists. The evidence from Type II tablets suggests that a legal phrasebook was used at the beginning of the study of thematic lists. Similarly,Type I and Type IV 1 The order of the Ura chapters in the Rosen corpus, however, is uncertain. On the one hand, the prisms show an order different from that at Nippur but that aligns with evidence from prisms from Ur and the Diyala. On the other hand, evidence from Rosen Type II sources suggests the chapters were learned in the standard order. Ultimately, there is not enough evidence of either source type from which to come to a conclusion. 2 However, the tradition from the prisms is very different, and we will discuss this shortly.

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Conclusion

sources indicate that god lists were studied alongside elementary sign exercises such as SA A,TuTaTi, and personal names. This data correlates with that from Sippar, in contrast to that from Nippur.3 3 Unfortunately, there is not sufficient evidence from other sites to allow for a full comparison with the tradition from the Rosen school(s). However, although the material in the Schøyen Collection is not completely published, two observations are worth highlighting. First, the Schøyen Collection tablets display a tradition of Ura different from that attested at Nippur; one Type I tablet (MS 2003) and one prism (MS 4138) each preserve a complete version thematically related to Ura 2 and Ura 4, respectively.This tradition seems to be echoed in four manuscripts published here (341, 364, 368, and 393). In contrast, the version of Ura 4 reflected in MS 4138 is unattested in the Rosen Collection. Second, the Schøyen Collection contains a number of Sumero-Akkadian personal name lists. In each case, Sumerian and Akkadian names are interspersed without any apparent organizing principle. This contrasts with Sumero- Akkadian personal name lists elsewhere, including those in the Rosen Collection, in which Sumerian and Akkadian

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Finally, one additional feature of the Rosen material is worth highlighting. The teachers and students of the Rosen collection seemingly introduced several variations in Akkadian personal name lists. For example, the thirty-eight wide-ruled Type III tablets with Akkadian personal names do not seem to draw on any known lists. Furthermore, no obvious patterns emerge by which the exercises were organized. Likewise, the six prisms containing Akkadian personal names are organized by initial element but, to our knowledge, do not duplicate any known lists. While further study of name lists and the school corpora from other sites might illuminate similar patterns, the versatility of the Akkadian name lists represents the overall flexibility that was an important and defining feature of the OB Sumerian scribal curriculum. personal names are clustered together by language so that all the Sumerian names are on one side, whereas all the Akkadian are on the other.Thus, the organizing principles of the Sumero-Akkadian name lists were seemingly different than those used elsewhere.

8 CO N V EN TI O NS In the present study, a sign’s short value is preferred to its long one if the sign is followed by one resuming its Auslaut (e.g., kù-ga vs. kug-ga, but kug on its own). However, there are exceptions when a sign does not have an applicable short value or when the short value is ambiguous. Measurements are provided whenever possible. The asterisk after a measurement indicates that the tablet is broken. For ease of reference to the reader, we identified left and right columns on the reverse of Type I and Type II tablets as the scribes were not consistent. Our remarks are situated at the end of each text. We strive to be consistent when offering commentary, but at times consistency was sacrificed for usability. For instance, we primarily insert commentary

after each column of a long tablet. However, in certain cases we have left the commentary directly on the line for ease of reference. When providing parallels to known texts, we intend to be not exhaustive but to emphasize the fact that the tradition attested in the Rosen tablets is reflected elsewhere. For this reason, when there is a direct parallel to the composite Nippur version (as per DCCLT), we do not list parallels from other Nippur or non-Nippur texts, unless it is particularly relevant.This means our list of parallels is not necessarily exhaustive, and the reader should consult DCCLT for complete references, since all these texts are available online. For ease of reference, the term doodling is employed to describe any sign seemingly drawn for no obvious pedagogical reason.

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Transliterations,Translations, and Remarks 1 SI GN EXERCI SE LI STS Syllable Alphabet A

Obverse 1 me-ni 2 [aš]-ni 3 aš-ur Reverse Blank

Type IV (SA A) 1. CUNES 49-13-156 Measurements: 69×69×22 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 1–14 Obverse 1 [m]e-m[e] 2 pap-pap 3 [a-a] 4 [a]-a-a ˹ ku˺ 5 [ku]- 6 [lu-lu] Reverse 1 {indent} maš 2 [maš]-maš 3 [ma]š-dù 4 [m]aš-ni ˹ dù˺ 5 si- ˹ ˺ 6 si- ni 7 si-a 8 u-bar

4. CUNES 49-03-046 Measurements: 53×52×15 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 24–26 Obverse 1 me-ni 2 aš-ni 3 aš-ur 4 {erased} Reverse Lost 5. CUNES 48-04-086 Measurements: 70×65×24 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 37–38 Obverse 1 [m]e-zu 2 [me]-wa-zu 3 ì-zu Reverse 1 [m]e-zu 2 [m]e-wa-zu ˹ ˺ 3 ì -zu

2. CUNES 50-02-033 Measurements: 61×60×19 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A l. 24 Obverse doodling above the line 1 me-ni 2 me-ni 3 ˹x˺-a Reverse Blank

6. CUNES 50-02-039 Measurements: 71×72×22 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 41–43 Obverse 1 [z]u-z[u] 2 ì-ba 3 ì-ba-ba

3. CUNES 49-14-057 Measurements: 60×58×21 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 24–26

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Reverse Blank

Reverse Blank

7. CUNES 53-02-037 Measurements: 73×68×23 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 48–49 Obverse 1 ba-za 2 ba-za-za 3 ba-za 4 ba-za!-za Reverse 1 {erased}

11. CUNES 50-02-082 Measurements: 81×78×26 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 111, 80 Obverse 1 an-[a] 2 an-ur 3 an- ĝá Reverse Blank

Remarks The reverse is oriented 90 degrees to the right. 8. CUNES 50-02-117 Measurements: 74×73×18 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 67–69 Obverse 1 ku5-da 2 ku5-da-a 3 gab-gab Reverse Lost 9. CUNES 49-03-040 Measurements: 77×74×25 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A l. 80 Obverse 1 [A]N-ra 2 [AN]- ĝá ˹ ˺ še 3 [A]N- Reverse Blank

Remarks 2. Parallels SA A l. 80. 10. CUNES 48-09-183 Measurements: 85×90×27 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 100–102 Obverse 1 ˹hu˺-hu 2 hu-ba 3 hu-ur 4 {erased}

Remarks This is an exception to Veldhuis (2010, 385–86), where he discusses the uniformity of all OB versions of SA A. 1. Restored according to the parallel text 12. 2. Parallels OB Nippur SA A l. 111. 3. Parallels OB Nippur SA A l. 80. 12. CUNES 52-07-069 Measurements: 79×76*×24 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 34, 111, 80 Obverse ˹ ˺ a 1 an- 2 an-ur 3 an- ĝá Reverse 1 an-[a] 2 an-[ur] 3 an-[ĝá]

Remarks See text 11 above. 13. CUNES 49-09-162 (See Plate 1) Measurements: 65×74×22 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A l. 111 Obverse 1 ˹an-x˺ 2 an-ur 3 aš (no final line ruling; remainder blank) Reverse Erased

Sign Exercise Lists

Remarks The lentil is divided into three columns, but only the middle column contains the exercise. Type II (SA A) 14. CUNES 52-02-046 Measurements: 92×72×24 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 1–5 Obverse col. i 1 ˹me-me˺ 2 pap-pap ˹ ˺ a 3 [a]- 4 a-a-[a] 5 ˹ku˺-ku col. ii 1 me-me 2 pap-pap ˹ ˺ a 3 [a]- 4 [a]-a-[a] 5 ku-[ku] Reverse col. i 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 4 Blank 5 Blank 6 Blank 7 Blank col. ii 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 4 Blank 5 Blank 6 Blank 7 Blank

Remarks Both columns of the obverse are in a clumsy script. On the reverse there are traces of a previous, now erased, exercise. The tablet was laid out for a new exercise but never used.

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15. CUNES 52-02-048 Measurements: 82*×84×26 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 1–5 Obverse col. i 1 [me-me] 2 [pa]p-pap 3 [a]-a 4 a-a-a 5 ku-ku double line ruling 6 {indent?} {erasure?} col. ii 1 [me-me] 2 pa[p-pap] 3 a-[a] ˹ ˺ a -[a] 4 a- 5 ku-[ku] double line ruling 6 Blank Reverse col. i 1 me-me 2 pap-pap ˹ ˺ a 3 a- 4 a-a-a 5 ku-[ku] (remainder of column lost) col. ii 1 [me]-me 2 pap-pap 3 a-a 4 ˹a˺-a-a ˹ ku˺ 5 [ku]- (remainder of column lost)

Remarks The obverse is written by a more experienced hand than the reverse. 16. CUNES 50-02-069 Measurements: 104*×94×22 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 1–[13], 33–39 Obverse col. i {= SA A ll. 1–6} 1 me-me 2 pap-pap

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3 a-a 4 a-a-a 5 ku-ku ˹ ˺ 6 lu- lu (remainder of column blank with doodling) col. ii {= SA A A ll. 1–9} 1 me-me 2 pap-pap 3 a-a 4 a-a-a 5 ku-ku 6 lu-lu 8 maš 9 maš-maš (remainder of column blank) Reverse rev. col. i (LEFT) {= SA A ll. 1-[13]} 1 me-me 2 pap-pap 3 a-a 4 a-a-a 5 ˹ku-ku˺ 6 ˹lu˺-[lu] 7 {indent} maš 8 maš-maš 9 maš-dù 10 [m]aš-ni 11 [si]-dù 12 [si]-n[i] 13 [si-a] rev. col. ii (RIGHT) {= SA A ll. 33–39} ˹ ˺ 1 a -[an] 2 an-[a] 3 [kur-ba] 4 kur-bad-[x] 5 ˹kur˺-[u?-ta?] 6 me-[zu] 7 me-[wa-zu] 8 ˹ì˺-[zu] 9 [ . . . ] (remainder of column lost)

Remarks rev. col. ii 4. kur-bad-[x] is not attested in SA A.

17. CUNES 53-02-127 Measurements: 66×93 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 21–30 Obverse col. i {= SA A ll. 21–30} 1 [a]-ši 2 [a-ši]-ši 3 [me]-a 4 [m]e-ni 5 [aš]-ni 6 [aš]-ur 7 [nu]n-n[i] 8 [nu]n-u[r] 9 [a-ku] 10 [lagab-a] col. ii {= SA A ll. 21–30} 1 ˹a˺-[ši] 2 [a-ši-ši] 3 me-a 4 [me-ni] 5 [aš-ni] 6 [aš-ur] 7 [nun-ni] 8 [nun-ur] 9 ˹a-ku˺ 10 [lagab]-a Reverse Erased 18. CUNES 52-02-044 Measurements: 77*×89*×22 Contents: Obverse: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 43[?]-48 Reverse: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 60?-61? Obverse col. i {= SA A ll. 43[?]-48} 1 ì-[ba]-b[a] 2 a-ba 3 a-ba-b[a] 4 [b]a-ba 5 [ba]-ba-a 6 [ba]-za (remainder of column lost) col. ii Lost Reverse col. i (=LEFT) {= SA A ll. 43[?]-48} 1 [ì-ba]-˹ba?˺

Sign Exercise Lists

2 [ba]-ba 3 [a-ba]-ba ˹ ba˺ 4 [ba]- 5 [ba-ba]-a 6 [ba]-za col. ii (=RIGHT) {= SA A ll. 60?-61?} 1 ˹saĝ˺-[ . . . ] 2 saĝ-[ . . . ] 3 Blank 4 Blank 5 Blank 6 Blank (remainder of column lost)

Remarks This tablet turns like the page of a book and not like a cuneiform text. rev. col. ii SA A ll. 60–66 begin with saĝ. 19. CUNES 48-06-504 Measurements: 134*×71×39 Contents: Obverse: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 64–71 Reverse: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 14–19 Obverse {= SA A ll. 64–71, reduplicated} col. i 1 saĝ-˹ĝu10˺ 2 saĝ-kur 3 saĝ-kur-ta 4 ˹kud-da˺ 5 ˹kud˺-da-a 6 gab-gab 7 nin-gab 8 nin-ezem 9 saĝ-ĝu10 10 saĝ-kur 11 [saĝ]-kur-ta 12 [kud]-da (remainder of column broken) col. ii 1 [saĝ-ĝu10] 2 saĝ-[kur] 3 saĝ-[kur-ta] 4 [kud-da] 5 [kud-da-a] 6 [gab-gab] 7 n[in-gab]

63

8 n[in-ezen] 9 s[aĝ-ĝu10] 10 s[aĝ-kur] (remainder of column broken) Reverse rev. col. i (=LEFT) {= SA A ll. 14–19} The layout of this tablet is sloppy: the rows get progressively wider, and the signs at the end are not spaced neatly between the lines. 1′ (indent?) ˹maš?˺ 2′ maš-maš 4′ ˹maš-dù˺ ˹ ˺ 5′ maš- ni 6′ blank line 7′ si-dù{partial erasure} 8′ blank line 9′ si-ni{partial erasure} 10′ blank line 11′ si{erasure} 12′ u-bar{partial erasure} 13′ bar-bar 14′ ši-bar 15′ bar-ši 16′ ši-bar 17′ ši-ši

Remarks 11′. SA A l. 13 has si-a. 15′. Parallels SA A l. 18. 16′. Parallels SA A l. 17. col. ii (RIGHT) This column is mostly erased. There are traces of signs at the beginning of the column in the bottom and top sections. It seems that when the second column (right hand) was erased, parts of the first column (left) were erased with it. 20. CUNES 48-06-505 Measurements: 108×80×28 Contents: Obverse: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 82–87 (reduplicated) Reverse: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 1–51* Obverse obv. col. i {= SA A ll. 82–87, reduplicated} 1 [tam-m]a 2 ˹tam-tam˺-ma

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3 ug4-ga 4 ug4-ug4-ga 5 an-gàr 6 [gàr]-an 7 [tam]-ma 8 [tam]-tam-ma 9 [ud]-LUH-PAP col. ii 1 [ . . . ] 2 tam-[ . . . ] 3 ug4-[ga] 4 ug4-[ug4-ga] ˹ gàr˺ 5 an- 6 gàr-an 7 tam-ma 8 tam--ma 9 ug4-ga Reverse rev. col. i{= SA A ll. 1–16}(=LEFT) 1 [me]-me 2 [pap]-pap 3 [a]-a 4 [a]-a-a 5 [ku]-ku 6 [lu]-lu 7 {indent} maš 8 [m]aš-maš 9 [maš]-dù 10 [maš]-ni 11 si-dù 12 si-ni 13 si-a 14 u-bar 15 [bar]-bar 16 [lá]-lá rev. col. ii {= SA A ll. 17–32} 1 ši-bar 2 bar-ši 3 {partially erased} 4 ši-ši-ši 5 a-ši 6 a-ši-ši 7 dù-x 8 x-ni 9 a-ni 10 aš-ur! 11 nun-ni 12 nun-ur

13 za-ku 14 lagab!-a 15 a-pap 16 pap-[a]

Remarks rev. col. ii 3. Presumably SA A l. 19 (or a variant), as l. 4 resumes with l. 20. 7. SA A l. 23 has me-a. 8. SA A l. 24 has me-ni. 9. SA A l. 25 has aš-ni. 13. SA A l. 29 has a-ku. rev. col. iii{= SA A ll. 33–51*}(=RIGHT) 1 a-[an] 2 a[n-a] 3 kur!-[ba] 4 kur!-u-[ta] 5 me-[zu] 6 me-wa-[zu] 7 ì-[zu] 8 zu?-[x] 9 ì-[ba 10 ì-b[a-ba] 11 a-[ba] 12 a-b[a-ba] 14 ba-[za] 15 ba-[za-za] 16 ˹ni˺-[a] 17 [ . . . ]

Remarks rev. col. iii 8. SA A l. 40 has a-zu. 9. Parallels SA A l. 42. Wide-Ruled Type III (SA A) 21. CUNES 49-02-048 Measurements: 112×52×24 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 1–7 Obverse 1 m[e]-me 2 pap-pap 3 a-a 4 a-a-a 5 ku-ku 6 lu-lu 7 {indent} maš

8 Blank 9 Blank 10 Blank 11 Blank Reverse Sixteen blank lines of uneven width 22. CUNES 50-02-071 Measurements: 112×54×36 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 37–49 Obverse 1 [me]-zu 2 me-wa-zu 3 ì-zu 4 a-zu 5 zu-zu 6 ì-ba 7 ì-ba-ba 8 Blank 9 Blank 10 Blank Reverse 1 me-zu 2 me-wa-zu 3 ì-zu 4 a-zu 5 zu-zu 6 ì-ba 7 ì-ba-ba 8 a-ba 9 a-b[a]-ba 10 ba-ba 11 ba-ba-a 12 [ba]-za 13 [ba]-za-za 23. CUNES 50-04-148 Measurements: 56*×45×23 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 7–12 Obverse 1 {indent} maš 2 maš-maš 3 maš-dù 4 maš-ni 5 si-dù 6 ˹si-ni˺ (remainder of obverse lost)

Sign Exercise Lists

65

Reverse (beginning of reverse lost) 1′ [ . . . ] Double ruling Large space with illegible traces of signs Line ruling Additional illegible traces CUNES 50-09-037 Measurements: 78×62×19 Contents: Obverse: Sumerian Personal Names Reverse: SA A ll 1–(30+), doodling **For transliteration, see sub Sumerian Personal Names Type III (SA A) 24. CUNES 49-13-174 (See Plate 2) Measurements: 46*×57×25 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 1–8, 24–29 Obverse col. i {= SA A ll. 1–8} 1 ˹me˺-me 2 pap-pap 3 a-a 4 a-a-a ˹ ku˺ 5 ku- 6 ˹lu˺-lu 7 {indent} maš 8 [maš]-maš col. ii {= SA A ll. 24–29} 1 ˹me-ni˺ 2 aš-ni 3 aš-ur 4 nun-ni 5 nun-ur 6 bu-a 7 lagab-a 8 [ . . . ] (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse For an example of the reverse of a Type III tablet erased and then reused, see Plate 2.

Remarks obv. col. ii 6. bu-a is not attested in SA A.

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Type I (SA A) 25. CUNES 48-11-196 Measurements: 80×65×34 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 1–39 Obverse obv. col. i {= SA A ll. 1–13} 1 [me-me] 2 [pap-pap] ˹ ˺ 3 [a]- a 4 [a]-a-˹a˺ 5 ˹ku-ku˺ 6 ˹lu-lu˺ 7 {indent} maš 8 [maš]-maš 9 [maš]-dù 10 [maš]-ni 11 [si]-dù ˹ ˺ 12 [si]- ni 13 [si-a] col. ii {= SA A ll. 14–26} ˹ 1 u- bar˺ 2 [bar-bar] ˹ ˺ 3 [lá]- lá ˹ 4 ši-bar˺ 5 [bar-ši] 6 [ši-ši] 7 ˹ši-ši˺-[ši] 8 a-[ši] 9 a-[ši-ši] 10 ˹me-a˺ ˹ ˺ 11 [me]- ni 12 [aš]-ni 13 [aš-ur] col. iii {= SA A ll. 27–39} 1 [nun-ni] 2 nun-ur 3 [a]-ki 4 lagab-a ˹ 5 a- pap˺ ˹ ˺ 6 pap- a 7 a-[an] 8 ˹an˺-[a] 9 [k]ur-[ba] 10 ˹kur-u˺-[ta]

11 ˹me˺-[zu] 12 ˹me-wa-zu˺ 13 ˹ì-zu˺ Reverse Lost 26. CUNES 50-02-065 Measurements: 143*×108×33 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 67–124 Obverse obv. col. i {= SA A ll. 67–78} 1 kud-da 2 kud-da-a 3 gab-gab 4 nin-gab 5 nin-AN 6 nin-sukkal 7 nin-sukkal-an-ka! 8 pú-ta 9 sila-ta 10 é-ta 11 [é]-gud 12 [an]-dùl (remainder of column lost)

Remarks obv. col. i 5. SA A l. 71 has nin-ezen. obv. col. ii {= SA A l. 87–103?} 1 gàr-an 2 an-áš!(KU) 3 áš!(KU)-an 4 an-ba 5 an-ni-zu 6 an-ni 7 an-zu 8 ga-ga 9 du10-du10-ga 10 me-ta 11 me-du10-ga 12 ši-ba-ni 13 [ši-b]a-ur 14 [hu]-hu 15 [hu]-ba ˹ ˺ 16 [x]- x ˹ ˺ 17 [x]- x (remainder of column lost)

Sign Exercise Lists

Remarks obv. col. ii 5. Parallels SA A l. 93. 6. Parallels SA A l. 92. 7. Unparalleled in SA A. 8. Unparalleled in SA A. 10. SA A l. 96 has me-dùg. 16. SA A l. 102 has hu-ur. 17. SA A l. 103 has hu-ru. col. iii {= SA A ll. 107–124} 1 pa-x 2 pa-pa 3 pa-pa-ĝá 4 a-a-ur! 5 an-ur 6 ni-ni 7 ab-ba 8 ab-ba-ĝu10 9 ab-ba-ni 10 ab-ba-a 11 [ab-ba]-iri? 12 igi-su4 ˹ 13 igi- su4˺-x 14 su4-su4 15 ˹su4˺-su4-a Double ruling

Remarks obv. col. iii 1. SA A l. 106 has ú-da. 3. SA A l. 109 has pa-ĝá-ĝá. 7. Parallels SA A l. 116. The student skipped ll. 113–115. 13. SA A l. 122 igi-su4-su4. Reverse Blank

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

a -[a] a-a˺-[a] ˹ ku˺-[ku] [l]u-[lu] {indent} [maš] maš-[maš] maš-[dù] maš-[x] si-[x] si-[x] ˹ ˺ x -[x] [x]-bar [x-x] [x-x] ˹ ˺ ˹

Remarks obv. col. i 10. SA A l. 11 has si-dù. obv. col. ii {= SA A ll. 29–44} 1′ ˹a˺-ku 2′ [lagab]-a{over erased KU} 3′ [a]-pap 4′ [pap]-a 5′ [a]-an 6′ [an]-a 7′ [kur-u]-˹ta˺ 8′ [kur-b]a 9′ [me]-zu 10′ me-wa-zu 11′ ˹i?˺-zu 12′ [a]-zu 13′ [zu]-zu ˹ ba˺ 14′ [ì]- ˹ 15′ [ì]- ba-ba˺ ˹ 16′ a-ba˺

Remarks obv. col. ii

Type I (SA A & Ur-Nanše)

7′. Parallels SA A l. 36. 8′. Parallels SA A l. 35.

27. CUNES 48-07-121 Measurements: 89*×88×23 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A; Ur-Nanše ll. 7–21 Obverse obv. col. i {= SA A ll. [1?]-16} 1 [me?-me?] 2 [pap?-pap?]

Reverse rev. col. i {=SA ll. 74–89} (=LEFT) 1′. [ . . . ] 2′ ˹pú˺-t[a] 3′ sila-t[a] 4′ é-t[a] 5′ é-gud

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6′ an-dùl 7′ an-an-KA 8′ an- ĝá 9′ an-kal 10′ tam-ma 11′ [tam-t]am-ma 12′ [ug4]-ga 13′ [u]g4-ug4-ga 14′ an-gàr 15′ gàr-an 16′ an-áš 17′ [á]š-an obv. col. ii {= SA ll. 107–118} (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [ . . . ] 3′ [ . . . ] 4′ [ . . . ] 5′ [pa]-pa 6′ [pa]- ĝá 7′ a-pa- ĝá 8′ a-a-ur 9′ an-ur 10′ ni-ni 11′ ni-ni-a 12′ ni-ni-ni 13′ ni-ni-ni-a 14′ [ab]-ba 15′ [ab-ba]-ĝu10 16′ [ab-ba]-ni

Remarks rev. col. ii 7′. SA A l. 109 has pa-ĝá-ĝá. obv. col. iii {= Ur-Nanše List ll. 7–21} (=RIGHT) ˹ ˺ 1′ ur -[šul?] ˹ ˺ 2′ ur- x d˹ 3′ ur- nin-mar-ki˺-[ka?] ˹d 4′ ur- ba-ba6˺ ˹ 5′ ur- nu˺ d 6′ ur- [šára] ˹ ˺ 7′ ur- šu ˹ ˺ 8′ ur- šu -me 9′ ur-me 10′ ur-me-me ˹ 11′ ur- ba˺

12′ 13′ 14′ 15′

ur-[ba]-˹ba˺ ur-za ur-za-za ur-igi

28. CUNES 50-02-148 Measurements: 175×102×35 Contents: Obverse: SA A, ll. 1–93; Reverse: SA A ll. 94–123, Ur-Nanše List ll. 1–59 Obverse obv. col. i {= SA A ll. 1–31} 1 [me-me] 2 [pap-pap] 3 a-[a] 4 a-[a-a] 5 ku-ku 6 lu-lu 7 {indent} maš 8 [maš]-maš 9 ˹maš˺-dù 10 maš-ni 11 si-dù ˹ ˺ 12 si -ni 13 [s]i-a 14 u-bar 15 [bar]-bar ˹ 16 lá-lá˺ 17 š[i]-bar 18 bar-ši 19 [š]i-ši 20 ši-ši-ši 21 ˹a˺-ši 22 ˹a˺-ši-ši 23 ˹me˺-a 24 me-ni ˹ ˺ ni 25 aš- ˹ ˺ 26 aš- ur 27 nun-ni 28 nun-ur 29 a-ku 30 lagab-a 31 a-pap

1 2 3 4

obv. col. ii {= SA A ll. 32–62} [pap-a] [a-an] [an-a] kur-[ba]

Sign Exercise Lists

5 kur-u-ta 6 me-zu 7 me-wa-zu ˹ zu˺ 8 ì- 9 a-zu 10 a-zu-zu 11 ba-ba 12 ba-ba-a 13 ba-za 14 ba-za-za 15 ˹ni˺-a 16 a-ni 17 tab-ni 18 kaš-ni 19 ni-ur-ba 20 be-lí 21 be-lí-dùg 22 ĝeš-b[e] 23 nu-nu 24 a-nu- 25 saĝ-kud 26 saĝ-kud-da-a 27 ˹saĝ-an˺

Remarks obv. col. ii 10. Unparalleled in SA A. The text skips ll. 41–45 (l. 9 parallels SA A l. 40, and l. 11 parallels SA A l. 46). obv. col. iii {= SA A ll. 63–93} 1 saĝ-an-tuk 2 [s]aĝ-ĝu10 3 [s]aĝ-kur 4 [s]aĝ-kur-˹ta˺ 5 kud-da 6 kud-da-a ˹ gab˺ 7 gab- ˹ 8 nin- gab˺ 9 nin-ezen 10 nin-sukkal 11 n[in-sukkal]-an-ka 12 ˹x˺-[(x?)]-ta 13 ˹x˺-gud 14 pú-ta 15 é-ta 16 an-dùl 17 an-an-dùl 18 an- ĝá

19 an--kal 20 tam-ma 21 tam-tam-ma 22 ug4-[g]a 23 ug4-ug4-ga 24 an-gàr 25 gàr-an 26 an-áš 27 áš-an 28 an-ba 29 an-ba-ni 30 an-ni 31 an-ni-˹zu˺

Remarks obv. col. iii 11. Parallels SA A l. 73. 12. SA A l. 75 has sila-ta. x is not sila. 13. SA A l. 77 has é-gud. x is not é. 14. Parallels SA A l. 74. 15. Parallels SA A l. 76. 16. Parallels SA A l. 78. Reverse rev. col. i {= SA A ll. 94–123} (=LEFT) 1 du10-ga 2 du10-du10-˹ga˺ 3 me-dùg 4 me-du10-ga 5 ši-ba!-ni 6 ši-ba-ur 7 hu-hu 8 hu-ba 9 hu-ur ˹ ru˺ 10 hu- ˹ ˺ 11 an -ú 12 ˹ú˺-a 13 ú-da 14 pa-pa 15 pa- ĝá 16 pa-pa-ĝá 17 a-a-ur 18 an-ur 19 ˹ni˺-ni 20 ˹ni˺-{erasure?}-ni-a 21 ni-ni-ni 22 ni-ni-ni-a 23 ab-ba 24 ab-ba-ĝu10

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25 ab-ba-ni 26 ab-ba-a 27 ab-ba-iri 28 {indent} su4 29 igi-su4-su4 30 su4-su4

Remarks rev. col. i 16. SA A l. 109 has pa-ĝá-ĝá. 30. Unparalleled in SA A. rev. col. ii. {= SA A l. 124, Ur-Nanše ll. 1–29} 1 su4-su4-a d nanše 2 ur- d nin-ĝír- 3 ur- ~su-ka d ĝá--du11!-ga 4 ur- 5 ur-teš 6 ur-{erasure}ĝar d ab-ba6 7 ur- 8 ur-ŠUL 9 ur-ŠUBUR d nin-mar-ki 10 ur- d! ba-ba6 11 ur- 12 ur-nu d šára 13 ur- 14 ur-šu 15 ur-šu-me 16 ur-me 17 ur-me-me 18 ur-ba! 19 ur-ba!-ba! 20 ur-za 21 ur-za-za 22 ur-igi 23 ur-igi-bar-ra 24 ur-dili 25 ur-é! 26 ur-é!-gal 27 ur-é!-ninnu 28 ur-é!-bábbar- 29 ur-é1-an-na

1 Note each é is rather different, and none are very good.This final one is the closest to that of the Nippur literary script (as per Mittermayer 2006).

30 ur- ĝeš rev. col. iii {= Ur-Nanše ll. 30–59} (= RIGHT) ˹ĝiš BAD˺ 1 ur- ĝiš 2 ur- gig[ir] ˹ pú?˺ 3 ur- 4 ur-pú!-saĝ-ĝá 5 ur-na! 6 ur-na!-na! 7 ur-du6! 8 ur-e11 9 ur-munus 10 ur-nin 11 ur-diĝir 12 ur-diĝir-ra 13 ur-si 14 ur-si-ĝar-ra 15 ur- ĝá 16 ur- ĝá-nun-na! 17 ur-sukal 18 ur-sukal-an-dùl 19 ur-ki 20 ur-ki-maški d 21 ur- utu 22 ur-ni 23 ur-ni-liš d kal 24 ur- d kal-kal 25 ur- d kal-la 26 ur- d kab 27 ur-

ištaran 28 ur- 29 ur-saĝ!-du 30 ur-saĝ!-kud

Remarks rev. col. ii 23. For discussion of this line, see text 64. 26–27. These lines deviate from the standard ll. 55– 56, which read ur-dlama and ur-dalad. However, the same sequence, ur-dkal-la, ur-dkab is attested in MS 2718 o iii 7–8, MS 4886 o 5–6, and MS 4835 r i 13–14. 30. Unparalleled in the Nippur version of Ur-Nanše.

Sign Exercise Lists

Type I (SA A & Undetermined) 29. CUNES 49-13-170 Measurements: 94×61×22 Contents: Obverse: col. i = SA A ll. 1–8, col. ii = undetermined Reverse: lost Obverse col. i {=SA A ll. 1–8} 1 [me]-m[e] 2 [pap]-pap 3 [a]-a 4 [a]-a-a 5 ˹ku˺-ku 6 ˹lu˺-lu 7 {indent} maš 8 maš-maš col. ii 1 sud-r[a?] ˹ 2 ud- x-x˺ 3 a-a-bar-x 4 a-a-la 5 luh {erasure} 6 ˹x˺ {erasure} 7 lu!-˹x˺ 8 ˹x˺-[x] Reverse Lost

6 DIŠ na 7 DIŠ ni 8 DIŠ nu-n[a-ni] 9 DIŠ bu 10 DIŠ ba 11 DIŠ bi 12 DIŠ bu-ba-bi Reverse 1 [DIŠ] lu 2 DIŠ la 3 DIŠ [l]i 4 DIŠ lu-la-li Type III (TuTaTi and Related)

CUNES 52-10-177 Measurements: 82*×75*×24 Contents: Obverse: god lists Reverse: Syllable Alphabet A **For transliteration, see sub God Lists

31. CUNES 49-02-212 Measurements: 80×43×26 Contents: Sign Exercise/Personal Names Obverse 1 DIŠ a 2 DIŠ hu 3 DIŠ ni 4 DIŠ a-hu-ni 5 DIŠ a 6 DIŠ hu 7 DIŠ ṭāb 8 DIŠ bu 9 DIŠ um 10 DIŠ ˹a-hu-ṭāb˺-bu-um Reverse 1 DIŠ a 2 DIŠ hu 3 DIŠ um (remainder of tablet erased)

TuTaTi and Related Texts

Type I (TuTaTi and Other)

Wide-Ruled Type III 30. CUNES 50-02-055 Measurements: 96×59×34 Contents: TuTaTi ll. 1–12, 41–44 Obverse 1 DIŠ [tu] 2 DIŠ [ta] 3 DIŠ t[i] 4 DIŠ tu-ta-[ti] 5 DIŠ nu

32. CUNES 50-05-125 Measurements: 95*×88×22 Contents: TuTaTi and SA A Obverse obv. col. i 1 [DIŠ x] 2 [DIŠ x] 3 [DIŠ x] 4 [DIŠ] ˹x˺ [x x] 5 DIŠ hu

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72

6 DIŠ ha 7 DIŠ ˹hi˺ 8 DIŠ hu ha hi 9 DIŠ zu 10 DIŠ za 11 DIŠ zi 12 DIŠ zu za zi 13 DIŠ [ru] 14 DIŠ ra 15 DIŠ ri 16 [DIŠ] ru ra ri 17 [DIŠ] ku 18 [DIŠ] ka 19 [DIŠ] ki 20 [DIŠ ku k]a ki

Remarks obv. col. i 5–8. Parallels OB Nippur TuTaTi ll. 21–24. 9–12. Parallels OB Nippur TuTaTi ll. 13–16. 13–16. Parallels OB Nippur TuTaTi ll. 29–32. 17–20. Parallels OB Nippur TuTaTi ll. 37–40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

obv. col. ii {=SA A ll. [1]–22} [me-me] [pap-pap] [a-a] [a-a-a] ku-ku lu-lu {indent} maš maš-maš maš-dù maš-ni si-dù ˹ ˺ si -ni [si]-a ˹ ˺ u -bar bar-bar lá-lá ši-bar ˹ ˺ ši -ši-ši ˹ ˺ a -ši ˹ ˺ a -[ši]-ši

Remarks obv. col. ii Note this manuscript skips ll. 18 and 19, bar-ši and ši-ši. Reverse rev. col. i (=RIGHT) {=SA A ll. 23–39} 1 me-a 2 me-a 3 aš-ni 4 aš-ur 5 nun-ni 6 nun-ur 7 ˹a˺-ku 8 lagab-a 9 a-ni 10 pap-a 11 a-an 12 an-a 13 kur-ba 14 kur-u-ta 15 me-zu 16 me-wa-zu 17 ì-z[u] (approximately four lines lost)

Remarks rev. col. i 2. This line is a mistake for me-ni (= SA A l. 24). Dittographies like this are common in elementary exercises. 9. ni is a mistake for pap (= SA A l. 31). rev. col. ii (=LEFT) 1 [DIŠ] tu 2 [DIŠ] ta 3 ˹DIŠ˺ ti 4 ˹DIŠ˺ tu ta ti 5 [DIŠ] ˹nu˺ 6 [DIŠ] ˹na˺ 7 [DIŠ ni] 8 [DIŠ nu na ni] 9 [DIŠ] ˹bu˺ 10 DIŠ ba 11 DIŠ bi 12 DIŠ bu ba bi 13 DIŠ hu 14 DIŠ ha 15 DIŠ hi

16 17 18 19 20

Sign Exercise Lists

DIŠ hu ha hi DIŠ zu DIŠ za ˹ DIŠ˺ [zi] [DIŠ zu za zi] (approximately four lines lost)

Remarks rev. col. ii 1–4. Parallels OB Nippur TuTaTi ll. 1–4. 5–8. Parallels OB Nippur TuTaTi ll. 5–8. 9–12. Parallels OB Nippur TuTaTi ll. 9–12. 13–16. Parallels OB Nippur TuTaTi ll. 21–24. 17–20. Parallels OB Nippur TuTaTi ll. 13–16. CUNES 52-10-178 Measurements: 108*×58*×33 Contents: Obverse: Sumerian Personal Names Reverse: TuTaTi **For transliteration, see sub Sumerian Personal Names CUNES 50-02-146 Measurements: 132×115×25 Contents: god list (unparalleled) and TuTaTi (same exercise repeated on obverse and reverse) **For transliteration, see sub Divine Names

Unparalleled Type IV 33. CUNES 50-05-037 Measurements: 77×75×25 Contents: Sign Exercise Obverse 1 an a su 2 an an šu

3 an a su 4 an an šu Reverse 1 an a su 2 an ˹an˺ šu 3 an a zu 4 [an] an šu 34. CUNES 51-07-099 Measurements: 80×75×29 Contents: Sign Exercise Obverse 1 {indent} sa 2 [ba]d bad sa 3 [ba]d bad aš sa Reverse 1 {indent} ˹sa˺ 2 [bad] ˹bad˺ [sa] 3 [bad] b[ad aš] sa 35. CUNES 52-18-171 Measurements: 68×70×27 Contents: Sign Exercise Obverse 1 ku ku kal 2 ku ku hi 3 ku ku apin? Reverse 1 ku ˹ku˺ [kal] 2 ku ˹ku˺ [hi] 3 ku k[u x] CUNES 51-02-036 Measurements: 68×67×27 Contents: Obverse: Proverb (unparalleled) Reverse: Sign Exercise (unparalleled) **For transliteration, see sub Proverbs

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2 S U M E R IAN PERSO NAL N AME LI STS Ur-me List

1 ur-é-sag10-dutu d 2 ur- nin-piriĝ-ĝá! d 3 ur- nin-˹sud˺-ki? Reverse Lost

Type IV (Ur-me) 36. CUNES 49-08-137 Measurements: 82×78×30 Contents: Ur-me ll. 1–3 Obverse 1 [ur-me] 2 [ur-teš] 3 [u]r-[a] Reverse 1 ur-me 2 ur-teš 3 ur-a

Remarks 2. Parallels Ur-me l. 63. 40. CUNES 48-08-033 Measurements: 65×71×29 Contents: Ur-me ll. 71, 74–75 Obverse d 1 u[r- dun]ga(LUL)1 ˹d 2 ur- nisaba˺ ˹ d 3 ur-nisaba-gal˺ Reverse d 1 ur- dun[ga] d 2 ur- nisaba d 3 ur- nisaba-gal

37. CUNES 48-10-017 Measurements: 71×70×29 Contents: Ur-me ll. 24–26 Obverse 1 ur-diĝir-ra 2 ur-é-˹si-sá˺-a 3 ur-é-diri-ga Reverse Blank

Remarks 1 2 3

38. CUNES 50-04-183

Parallels Ur-me l. 71. Parallels Ur-me l. 74. Parallels Ur-me l. 75.

41. CUNES 49-03-045 Measurements: 62×66×22 Contents: Ur-me ll. 87–89 Obverse 1 ur-gi-gun4-na 2 ur-gi d 3 ur- šára Reverse Blank

Measurements: 87×91×26 Contents: Ur-me ll. 44–46 Obverse d 1 ur- šul-pa-è-a d 2 ur- lugal-bàn-da d 3 ur- lugal-i7-da Reverse 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank

Remarks 2. For gi, see Mittermayer 2006, sign no. 41 (ZI) as in Šulgi A 60 II.

39. CUNES 49-03-031 Measurements: 76×90×18 Contents: Ur-me l. 63 Obverse

1 We wish to thank J. Peterson (personal communication, August 2018) for the reading of this divine name.

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Sumerian Personal Name Lists

42. CUNES 51-04-044 Measurements: 80×80×29 Contents: Ur-me ll. 106–108 Obverse 1 ur-da d mes-saĝĝa-unugki 2 [ur]- d 3 [ur- ]mes-lam-ta-è-a Reverse 1 ur{partially erased} {erasure} 2 ur{partially erased} {erasure} 3 ur{partially erased} {erasure}

Remarks 1. Ur-me l. 106 reads ur-íd. 43. CUNES 49-08-033 Measurements: 76×77×30 Contents: Ur-me ll. 109–111 Obverse 1 ˹ur-dbil4-ga-mes˺ d 2 ur- pa-bil-˹saĝ-ĝá˺ d 3 ur- hendur-saĝ-˹ĝá˺ Reverse Blank 44. CUNES 48-11-082 Measurements: 77×78×23 Contents: Ur-me ll. 112–114 Obverse 1 ur-éme-ga d ab-ba6 2 ur- 3 ur-é-akkil!(GAD.KÍD)-lá Reverse Blank

Commentary 1. Ur-me l. 112 reads ur-me-me-ga. 3. Other sources for Ur-me l. 114 read ur-a-akkil-si and ur-gada-šag4-me. For the é-akkil, see George 1993, 66. 45. CUNES 51-07-086 Measurements: 75×71×23 Contents: Ur-me ll. 147–149 Obverse d nin-ti 1 ur- d nin-kur-múš-za-gìn 2 [ur]-

75

˹d˺ nin-hu-luh-ha 3 [ur]- Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. For the goddess dNin-ti, see Cavigneaux and Krebernik 2001b, 504–5. 2. To our knowledge the goddess dNin-kur-múš- za-gìn is unattested. 3. Previously, dNin-hu-luh-ha was attested only in the personal names Ur-dNin-ha-luh and Ur- d Nin-hu-lu-hu in school texts from Susa (Cavigneaux and Krebernik 2001a, 377). 46. CUNES 48-06-401 Measurements: 71×73×23 Contents: Ur-me ll. 152–154 Obverse d nin-sa-dara3!(DARA3+DIŠ) 1 ur- d nin-˹ma˺-[da] 2 ur- d nin-˹úmbisag˺ 3 ur- Reverse dàra!(DÀRA+DIŠ) 47. CUNES 50-02-116 Measurements: 77×76×26 Contents: Obverse: Ur-me ll. 152–154; Reverse: Akkadian Letter Obverse d nin-sa-dàr 1 ur- d nin-ma-da 2 ur- d nin-úmbisag-ĝá 3 ur- written below the line: a-lam-gu-um a-hu-wa-qàr Reverse 1 a-na mna-na-a 2 qí-bí-ma 3 um-ma ku-˹x˺ 4 x-hu-ni 5 ki-tim! 6 ˹x-x-din˺ 7 [ . . . ] ˹x x˺

Remarks The reverse is arranged as a long, narrow column, perhaps intended to represent an imgida. The text only fills half the column.

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48. CUNES 51-04-046 Measurements: 70×70×25 Contents: Ur-me list ll. 155–157 Obverse d nin-ìmma 1 [u]r- d nin-gal 2 [u]r- d nin-ĝešbanšur 3 [u]r- Reverse Erased

51. CUNES 50-06-021 Measurements: 84×82×25 Contents: Ur-me ll. 24′–26′ Obverse 1 ur- ĝá-gi4-a 2 ur-šu-du7-a 3 ur-e11-dam-e Reverse Blank

Remarks

Remarks

3. Ur-me l. 157 reads ur-nin-ĝeš-IRI×X -x. d

?

49. CUNES 50-04-185 Measurements: 65×63×24 Contents: Ur-me l. 164 Obverse d nin-ĝeš-zi-da 1 ur- d nin-ezem-ma 2 ur- d nin-ma-lu-lu 3 ur- Reverse Blank

Remarks Compare text 50 below. 1. Parallels Ur-me l. 164. The following twenty entries of Ur-me are missing. 50. CUNES 51-07-105 (See Plate 3) Measurements: 78×79×33 Contents: Ur-me l. 164 Obverse d nin-saĝ-lum-ma 1 ur- d nin-ĝeš-zi-da 2 ur- d nin-ma-lu-lu 3 ur- Reverse Three line rulings that were either erased or never completed.There are traces of one sign in the middle of l. 1.

Remarks Compare text 49 above. This tablet is beautifully written (see photo). d nin-íldu(IGI. 1. Line 163 of Ur- me reads ur- NAGAR.BU). 2. Parallels Ur-me l. 164.

3. Ur-me l. 26′ reads ur-é-x-e11. For the reading here, see also text 52 face i 14′.

Cylinder (Ur-me) 52. CUNES 52-10-001 (See Plate 4) Measurements: 120*×78*×71 Description: eight-faced cylinder Contents: Ur-me list (complete) face a {= Ur-me ll. 17–31} (beginning of column lost = twelve lines) 1′ ˹ur-lú˺ 2′ ur-lugal ˹ ˺ si4 -si4 3′ ur- 4′ ur-si4 5′ ur-si4 6′ ur-máš 7′ ur-e11 8′ ur-ki-kal 9′ ur-sukkal 10′ ur-dam 11′ ur-é-dam 12′ ur-éš-dam 13′ ur-diĝir-ra 14′ ur-é-si-sá-a 15′ ur-é-diri-ga 16′ ur-é-a 17′ ur-nìĝin 18′ ur-an-né 19′ ur-nabx(MUL) 20′ ur-tílla (end of column)

Sumerian Personal Name Lists

Remarks face a 1′. ll. 4–16 of the composite Ur-me list are unclear. 6′. Ur-me l. 17 has ur-GÍR?. 7′. Ur-me l. 18 has ur-du6-dam. 11′. Ur-me l. 22 has ur-á-dam. 12′. Ur-me l. 23 has ur-é-éš-dam. 19′. Peterson (personal communication, August 2018) suggests the reading of this line based on the following parallel: “EES 57 oi30: Ur-AN:AN, i.e., Ur-Nab/Nab3, a minor deity with a connection to Girsu/Lagash and also apparently the Elamite word for “god.” Ur-ki C28 seems to have ur-nàb3 as well, although every source is partially broken.” face b {= Ur-me ll. 43–64} (beginning of column lost) 1′ u[r- . . .] 2′ u[r- . . .] 3′ ur-[ . . . ] 4′ ur-[ . . . ] 5′ ur-ME-[x-AN-na?] 6′ ur-dug4-[ga-tar-ra] 7′ ur-[ . . . ] 8′ ur-ab-ba6 9′ ur-šeš-e-ĝar-ra 10′ ur-sukal-an-na 11′ ur-bi 12′ ur-tur-tur 13′ ur-tur d dumu-zi-da 14′ ur- d túg-nun-na 15′ ur- 16′ ur-nu 17′ ur-ru 18′ ur-pap d namma 19′ ur- d dam-gal-nun-n[a] 20′ ur- d nin-pi[rig-ga] 21′ u[r]- ˹ bàn˺-da 22′ [ur-nemur]- (end of column)

Remarks face b 9′. Ur-me list l. 51 has ur-si-sá-ĝar-ra. face c {= Ur-me ll. 65ff.} (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ]-anše-˹x˺ 2′ [ . . . ]-anše-la 3′ [ur-ANŠ]E.KUR.RA

4′ 5′ 6′ 7′ 8′ 9′ 10′ 11′ 12′ 13′ 14′ 15′ 16′ 17′ 18′ 19′ 20′ 21′ 22′

[. . . ANŠ]E-mah [ur-AN]ŠE [ . . . ]-ta [ . . . ]-ga [ . . . ]-˹x˺ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ ur-[ . . . ]-˹x˺ ur-[ . . . ]-˹x˺ ur-[ . . . ] ur-[ . . . ] ur-[ . . . ] ur-[ . . . ] ur-[ . . . ] ur-[ . . . ] ur-[ . . . ] ur-[ . . . ] [ . . . ] [ . . . ] [ . . . ] (end of column preserved) face d {= Ur-me l. 97?-120?} (beginning of column lost) 1′ ur-[(x?)]-˹x˺-a d ašnan 2′ ur- 3′ ur-tir-kug-ga 4′ ur-múš-za-gìn d MÚŠ-ZA 5′ ur- 6′ ur-múš-lah5 d 7′ ur- nin-gal-lah5 d 8′ ur- KIŠ/ĜÌR d nin-˹x˺-a-di- 9′ ur- ˹ ~li-ha-LUL˺ 10′ ur-id d [mes-saĝĝa-ŠEŠ].ABki- 11′ ur- ~ga d pa-bil-saĝ 12′ ur- d hendur-saĝ 13′ ur- 14′ [u]r-um!-me-ga 15′ ˹ur-dab˺-ba6 16′ [ur]-GADA-KÍD4-[ . . . ]-ki 17′ [u]r-m[es]-˹lam˺ 18′ ur-ab-lam 19′ [ur]-sila-si-ga 20′ [ur]-li 21′ [ur-g]u-l[a] 22′ ˹ur-kisal?-mah?˺ (end of column)

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Remarks face d 1′. Ur-me list l. 97 has ur-dsud. 8′. Ur-me list l. 104 has ur-dx, where x is an animal head sign but the qualifying sign is unclear. 9′. Ur-me list l. 105 has Ur-dnin-A-MÙŠ?-KI-x, where x is an animal head sign but the qualifying sign is unclear. 10′. id for íd as in Ur-me l. 106. 17′. Parallels Ur-me l. 116. 18′. Parallels Ur-me l. 115. face e {= Ur-me ll. 144–154} (beginning of column lost) 1′ ˹ur˺-[ . . . ] d 2′ ur- x-[x] ĝeš 3′ ur- gigir 4′ ur-zú-lum-ma 5′ ur-PÚ-mun-na geš 6′ ur- si-ĝar-ra d 7′ ur- nin-gul d 8′ ur- nin-PA d 9′ ur- nin-PA-a d 10′ ur- nin-é-a d 11′ ur- nin-é-za d 12′ ur- nin-ti d 13′ ur- nin-˹KI˺-[x] d˹ 14′ ur- nin-luh˺-h[a] d 15′ ur- nin-šubur d˹ 16′ ur- nin-mar-ki˺ d 17′ ur- nin-sa-dàra d 18′ ur- nin-ma-da d 19′ [u]r- nin-umbisaĝ-ĝá 20′ (traces) (end of column)

Remarks face e 1′. ll. 137–143 of the composite Ur-me list are unclear. face f {unattested in the composite Ur-me} (beginning of column lost) d 1′ [ur- ]-nin-ĝeš-zi- ~da d 2′ [u]r- nin-mar-[ki] d 3′ ur- nin-ma-lu-lu d 4′ ur- nin-gìrim(A.HA.KUD.DU) 5′ ˹ur˺-dnin-a-zu 6′ ˹ur˺-dnin-x

7′ 8′ 9′ 10′ 11′ 12′ 13′ 14′ 15′ 16′ 17′ 18′

ur˺-dnin-barag ˹ ˺ d ur -[ nin]-mug [ur- . . .]-x-x-x [ur- . . .]-ga-bur-r[u] [ur- . . .] [u]r-mu ur-š[a?] ur-ká-gal ur-é-ga ur-é-UD ur-e-[x] ˹ ur-é-HI˺-[x] (end of column) ˹

face g 1′ 2′ 3′ 4′ 5′ 6′ 7′ 8′

(beginning of column lost) u[r- . . .] u[r- . . .] u[r- . . .] u[r- . . .] u[r- . . .] u[r- . . .] u[r- . . .] u[r- . . .] (end of column)

face h (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ 2′ [ . . . ]-dutu 3′ [ . . . ] 4′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-su 5′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-ra 6′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-e d 7′ [ur- ]nin-urta d˹ 8′ [ur]- iškur?˺ d 9′ [ur- ]ĜEŠ-bar-ra d 10′ [u]r- za-ba4-ba4 11′ [ . . . ]-x-EDEN 12′ [ . . . ]-IN?-ZU (end of column)

Remarks face h 9′. Parallels Ur-me l. 2′. 10′. Parallels Ur-me l. 3′. face i {= Ur-me ll. 15′–26′} (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ur- . . .]-ga 2′ [ur- . . .]-˹x˺-za-nun-na

Sumerian Personal Name Lists

3′ [ur-má-ga]n-na d nin-di4-di4-lá 4′ ur- d nin-še-iri-ki-na 5′ ur- 6′ ur-abbununnu(UD.MUD!.NUN)-na d nin-dug4-gi- 7′ ur- ˹ ~ x-x˺ d 8′ ur- nin-gú!-du8[ki] 9′ ur-ki-nam-bi-šè d nin-si4-an-na 10′ ur- d kug-nun-na 11′ ur- 12′ ur- ĝá-gi-a 13′ ur-šu-du7 14′ ur-e11-dam-e (end of column)

Remarks face i 3′. Parallels Ur-me l. 15′. 6′. The scribe wrote HI not HU.HI for mud. 14′. Ur-me l. 26′ reads ur-é-x-e11, which may be ur-e11-dam-e in light of 51: 3.

Ur-Nanše List Type IV (Ur-Nanše) 53. CUNES 50-04-173 Measurements: 83×74×27 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 1–3 Obverse d [nanše] 1 ur- d nin-gír-[su(-ka)] 2 ur- d ĝá-tùm-[dùg(-ga)] 3 ur- Reverse Blank 54. CUNES 51-07-108 Measurements: 72×63×24 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 1–3 Obverse 1 [ur]{erasure?}-d[nanše] d nin-gír-˹su-ka˺ 2 [u]r- d 3 [u]r- ĝá-tùm-du10-ga Reverse d [nanše] 1 [ur]- d nin-gír-su-k[a] 2 [ur]- d ĝá-tùm-du10-ga 3 [ur]-

79

55. CUNES 50-04-154 Measurements: 69×69×25 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. [4]-6 Obverse 1 ur-[x] 2 ur-[x] d ab-[ba6] 3 ur- Reverse Blank

Remarks Perhaps to be restored according to the Nippur Ur- Nanše list ll. 4–6: 4. ur-téš 5. ur-ĜAR 6. ur-dab-ba6 56. CUNES 50-02-107 Measurements: 71×76×23 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. [7]-9 Obverse 1 [u]r-[ŠUL?] 2 ur-ŠUBUR d nin-mar-ki-k[a] 3 ur- Reverse Blank 57. CUNES 50-02-076 Measurements: 78×81×20 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 10–12 Obverse d ba-ba6 1 ur- 2 ur-nu d šára 3 ur- Reverse Blank 58. CUNES 48-06-387 Measurements: 78×77×24 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 25–27 Obverse 1 ur-é-gal 2 ur-é-ninnu 3 ur-é-bábbar-ra Reverse Blank

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59. CUNES 50-04-140 Measurements: 90×90×29 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 29–31 Obverse 1 ur- ĝeš ĝeš BAD 2 ur- ĝeš gigir 3 ur- Reverse 1 Blank

63. CUNES 49-03-030 Measurements: 74×75×23 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 34-[36] Obverse 1 ur-na 2 ur-na-na 3 ur-[x] Reverse Blank

60. CUNES 50-07-011 Measurements: 79×81×23 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 29–31 Obverse 1 ur- ĝeš ĝeš BAD 2 ur- ĝeš gigir 3 ur- Reverse Blank

64. CUNES 50-05-035 Measurements: 74×74×31 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 51–52 Obverse 1 ur-NI 2 ur-NI-˹x˺ 3 ur-NI 4 ur-NI-˹liš?˺ Reverse Blank

61. CUNES 51-07-115 Measurements: 76×68*×22 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 29, 53 Obverse 1 ur- ĝeš 2 ur-KAL ˹ ĝeš˺ 3 ur- ˹ 4 ur- KAL˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks 1 2

Parallels Ur-Nanše l. 29. Parallels Ur-Nanše l. 53.

62. CUNES 50-05-036 Measurements: 70×72×29 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 34–35 Obverse 1 ur-na 2 ur-[na]-˹na˺ 3 ur-na 4 ur-na-na Reverse Blank

Remarks 2, 4. The composite version of the list (Peterson, personal communication) is broken in the same place in l. 52. In general, the manuscript tradition of l. 52 is not consistent: text 28 r iii 23, 64 o iv, MS 2992 r iv 11, MS 4156 r ii 14, MS 4161 r 7, and MS 4835 r i 10 have ur-ni-liš; MS 2718 o iii 4 has ur-ni-nu; MS 4886 o 2 has ur-dni-nu; 65 o 1 has [u]r-NI-˹(x?)-x˺. 65. CUNES 48-11-093 Measurements: 70×70×22 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 52–54 Obverse 1 [u]r-NI-˹(x?)-x˺ 2 [u]r-KAL d kal-kal 3 ur- Reverse Lost

Remarks 1. The composite Ur-Nanše list is also missing the final sign here. For further comments, see text 64 above.

Sumerian Personal Name Lists

2. Some versions of the Ur-Nanše list have Ur-dKAL. 66. CUNES 50-04-150 Measurements: 73×80×20 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 55–57 Obverse d lama 1 ur- d alad 2 ur- d ištaran 3 ur- Reverse Blank 67. CUNES 49-13-159 Measurements: 75×77×23 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 60–62 Obverse 1 ur-idim 2 ur-idim-gal 3 ur-idim-an-na Reverse Blank 68. CUNES 50-02-140 Measurements: 65×66×24 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 60–62 Obverse 1 ur-idim 2 ur-idim-gal 3 ur-idim-an-na Reverse Erased 69. CUNES 52-02-039 Measurements: 66×66×31 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 61–63 Obverse 1 ur-idim-gal 2 ur-[idim?]-an-na 3 ur-[idim?]-AN Reverse Blank

Remarks Restorations based on the Ur-Nanše list.

70. CUNES 52-18-188 Measurements: 70×75×30 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 69–71 Obverse 1 ˹ur˺-[HUR] 2 ˹ur˺-HUR-[HUR] 3 ˹ur˺-mur-[ša4] Reverse Blank 71. CUNES 50-09-036 Measurements: 75×74×30 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 75–76, 79 Obverse 1 ur-an-né 2 ur-an-ni-a 3 ur-tur Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels Ur-Nanše l. 75. 2. Ur-Nanše l. 76 reads Ur-NI-a. 3. Parallels Ur-Nanše l. 79. 72. CUNES 48-02-122 Measurements: 87×88×27 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 86, 85 Obverse d nin-a-zu 1 ur- d nin-su 2 ur- d nin-barag 3 ur- Reverse Blank

Remarks The Ur-Nanše list has the following sequence: 85. ur-dnin-SU 86. ur-dnin-a-zu 87. ur-dha-ìa

81

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73. CUNES 50-09-029 Measurements: 72×67*×24 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 87–89 Obverse d 1 ur- ha-ìa 2 ur-[du10] 3 ur-du10-[nun-na] Reverse Blank 74. CUNES 49-08-029 Measurements: 80×80×22 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 94–97 1 ur-gud 2 ur-gud-lá 3 ur-lú 4 ur-lugal Reverse Erased(?) doodling 75. CUNES 52-18-165 Measurements: 70×68×24 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 107–109 Obverse 1 ur-da[m] 2 ur-é-dam 3 ur--éš!-dam Reverse Lost 76. CUNES 49-11-075 Measurements: 81×82×27 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 114–117 Obverse 1 ur-da d 2 ur- da-mu 3 ur- ĝi6 4 ur- ĝi6-an-na Reverse 1 ur-da d 2 ur- da-{erasure}-mu 3 ur- ĝi6 4 ur- ĝi6-an-na

Remarks 4. Ur-Nanše l. 117 reads ur-ĝi6-nun-na.

77. CUNES 49-02-053 Measurements: 75×75×18 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 118–121 Obverse 1 ur-tar 2 ur-tar-re 3 ur-bi 4 ur-dab5-bé Reverse Blank

Remarks 2. The composite line in the Ur-Nanše list reads Ur-TAR-AMA-r i. Wide-Ruled Type III (Ur-Nanše) 78. CUNES 48-11-104 Measurements: 77×51×29 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 58–63 Obverse 1 ur-saĝ d saĝ-kud 2 ur- 3 ur-idim 4 ur-idim-gal 5 ur-idim-an-na 6 ur-idim-˹bar˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks 2. For dsaĝ-kud, see Richter 2004, 499 (read Sakkud). The name ur-dsaĝ-kud is first attested in one Ur III text from Iri-Saĝrig, for which, see Owen 2013.The Ur-Nanše list l. 59 reads ur-saĝ-du.The Ur-me list l. 38, however, reads ur-dsaĝ-kud. ur-(d)saĝ-kud occurs as l. 59 also in MS 2718 o iii 11, MS 2992 r iv 18, MS 4156 r ii 21, MS 4161 r ii 3, and MS 4835 r i 17. 6. Perhaps can be used to restore the Ur-Nanše list l. 63, which reads ur-idim-[ . . . ]. 79. CUNES 52-02-052 Measurements: 92*×68×21 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 71–80 Obverse (beginning of obverse lost) 1′ [ur-mur]-˹ša4˺

Sumerian Personal Name Lists

2′ ˹ur-hur-nun-na˺ 3′ ur-hilib 4′ ur-ganzer 5′ ur-an-né 6′ ur-an-ni-a 7′ ur-tur 8′ ur-tur-tur Reverse Almost entirely erased, although there are traces of an exercise rotated 180 degrees.

Remarks 6′. Ur-Nanše l. 76 reads ur-NI-a. 7′. Parallels Ur-Nanše l. 79. Our text omits ll. 77–78 of the Nippur list. 8′. Parallels Ur-Nanše l. 80. 80. CUNES 50-02-150 Measurements: 77×61×24 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 93–98 Obverse 1 ur-íd-nun-na 2 ur-gud 3 ur-gud-lá 4 ur-lú 5 ur-lugal 6 ur-a Reverse Blank except for fabric impressions Type III (Ur-Nanše) 81. CUNES 50-04-147 Measurements: 84×63×26 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 114–119 Obverse ˹ 1 ur- da˺ d 2 ur- da-mu double line ruling 3 ˹ur˺-ĝi6 4 ur- ĝi6-an-na 5 ur-TAR 6 ur-TAR-˹AMA!-r i˺ 7 ur-[x] bottom edge: {erased}

83

Reverse The reverse is oriented horizontally, so that when flipping the tablet it must be rotated 90 degrees to the left. There are three lines of text with no line dividers. A rectangular box is drawn around the entirety of the text. 1 ˹x x x x x˺ 2 la-ma-za-ni 3 la-ma-za-ni In the bottom right-hand side of the tablet, oriented at a 90 degree angle from the rest of the reverse text AN-˹x˺ Type I (Ur-Nanše) CUNES 48-07-121 Measurements: 89*×88×23 Contents: Syllable Alphabet A; Ur-Nanše ll. 7–21 ** See transliteration sub “Sign Exercise.” Catalog entry under “Sign Exercise” 82. CUNES 49-14-062 Measurements: 68*×78×30 Contents: col. i = Ur-Nanše ll. 7–16, col. ii = ll. 38–45 Obverse col. i (beginning of column lost, likely contained ll. 1–6) ˹ ŠUBUR˺ 1′ [ur]- ˹ ˺ d˹ 2′ ur - nin-mar-ki˺- ~˹ka˺ 3′ ˹ur-dbar˺-[ba6] 4′ ˹ur-nu˺ 5′ ˹ur˺-dšára 6′ [u]r-šu 7′ ur-šu-me 8′ [ur]-me 9′ [ur-me]-me (remainder of column lost, likely contained ll. 17–30) col. ii (beginning of column lost, likely contained ll. 31–37) 1′ [ur- . . .] 2′ u[r- . . .] 3′ ur-munus

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4′ ur-n[in] 5′ ur-diĝir 6′ ur-diĝir-ra 7′ ur-si 8′ ur-si-ĝar-ra 9′ ur- ĝá 10′ ur- ĝá-˹nun˺-[na] (remainder of column lost, likely contained ll. 46–58) Reverse Blank except for fabric impressions

Remarks The top of reverse is missing, but there is probably not enough room to have contained the remaining sixty-three lines (ll. 58–121) of the composition. 83. CUNES 50-02-147 Measurements: 154×133×38 Contents: Ur-Nanše ll. 21–23 obverse obv. col. i 1 [ur]-igi 2 [ur]-igi-bar-ra 3 [u]r-dili 4 ur-igi 5 ur-igi-bar-ra 6 ur-dili 7 ur-igi 8 ur-igi-bar-ra 9 ur-dili 10 ur-igi 11 ur-igi-b[ar-r]a 12 ur-dili 13 ur-igi 14 ur-[igi-bar-ra] 15 ur-[dili] 16 ur-[igi] 17 ur-igi-bar-ra

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

obv. col. ii ur-dili ur-[igi] ur-igi-˹bar-ra˺ ur-dili ur-igi ur-igi-bar-ra ur-[dili]

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

ur-[igi] ur-igi-bar-ra ur-dili ur-igi ur-[igi-ba]r-ra u[r]-dili ur-[igi] ur-igi-bar-ra ur-dili ur-igi

obv. col. iii 1 ur-i[gi-bar-ra] 2 ur-A[Š] 3 ur-igi 4 ur-igi-bar-ra 5 ur-dili 6 ur-igi 7 ur-igi-bar-ra 8 ur-dili 9 ur-igi 10 ur-igi-bar-ra 11 ur-dili 12 ur-igi 13 ur-igi-[bar-ra] 14 ur-A[Š] 15 ur-[igi] 16 ur-ig[i-bar-ra] 17 ur-[dili] 18 ur-[igi] 19 ur-[igi-bar-ra] 20 u[r-dili] reverse rev. col. i (LEFT) 1 [ur-igi] ˹ 2 [ur]- igi-bar-ra˺ ˹ 3 ur- dili˺ 4 ur-igi ˹ 5 ur- igi-bar-ra˺ 6 ur-[dili] 7 ur-igi 8 ur-igi-bar-˹ra˺ 9 ur-dili 10 ur-igi 11 ur-igi-bar-ra 12 ˹ur-dili˺ 13 ur-igi 14 [ur-igi-bar-ra]

15 16 17 18 19

Sumerian Personal Name Lists

[ur-dili] [ur-igi] [ur-igi-bar-r]a [ur]-dili [ur]-igi

rev. col. ii 1 [u]r-igi-˹bar-ra˺ 2 [u]r-dili 3 ur-igi 4 ur-igi-bar-ra 5 ur-dili 6 ur-igi 7 ur-igi-bar-ra 8 ur-dili 9 ur-igi 10 ur-igi-bar-ra 11 ur-dili 12 ur-igi 13 ur-igi-bar-ra 14 [ur]-dili 15 [ur]-igi ˹ igi-bar-ra˺ 16 u[r]- 17 ur-dili 18 ˹ur˺-igi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

rev. col. iii (RIGHT) ur˺-[igi-bar-ra] ur-[dili] ur-[igi] ur-igi-˹bar-ra˺ ur-dili ur-[igi] ur-igi-ba[r-ra] ur-[dili] ur-[igi] ur-igi-˹bar-ra˺ ur-A[Š] ur-ig[i] ur-igi-bar-ra [u]r-A[Š] ur-i[gi] ur-igi-[bar-ra] right edge: doodling bottom edge: doodling ˹

CUNES 50-02-148 Measurements: 175×102×35 Contents: Obverse: SA A Reverse: SA A, Ur-Nanše ll. 1–59 ** See transliteration sub “Sign Exercise” Catalog entry under “Sign Exercise”

PBS 11/3 (Partial Parallels) Type IV (PBS 11/3 = series Lú-dEn-líl) 84. CUNES 50-02-108 Measurements: 78×71×21 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse d nanna 1 [l]ú- d u[tu] 2 lú- d en-[líl?] 3 lú- Reverse d [nanna] 1 lú- 2 lú-[dutu] ˹d˺ [en-líl?] 3 lú-

Remarks 1. Parallels PBS 11/3 l. 10. 2. Parallels PBS 11/3 l. 5. 3. Parallels PBS 11/3 l. 1. 85. CUNES 50-04-168 Measurements: 66×75×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse d˹ mul˺-le 1 lú- d nanna 2 lú- d utu 3 lú- Reverse Blank

Remarks 2. Parallels PBS 11/3 l. 10. 3. Parallels PBS 11/3 l. 5. 86. CUNES 50-02-101 Measurements: 87×84×28 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse d suen 1 lú- d šára 2 lú- d namma 3 lú-

85

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Reverse d 1 lú- suen d 2 lú- šára d 3 lú- namma

Remarks

Remarks

Measurements: 71×72×22 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 SI@g SAR d 2 ur- utu d 3 ur- iškur Reverse Blank

1. Parallels PBS 11/3 l. 3. 87. CUNES 50-02-137 Measurements: 68×71×21 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse d 1 lú- šára d 2 lú- nanše 3 lú-kal-la Reverse ˹d˺ 1 [lú]- šára ˹ ˺ d 2 lú -nanše 3 lú-kal-la

Remarks 3. Parallels PBS 11/3 l. 85. The divine names Šára and Nanše, however, are unattested in PBS 11/3. 88. CUNES 48-06-384 Measurements: 81×81×22 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 lugal-hé-du7 2 lugal-hé-ĝál 3 lugal-hé Reverse Blank

Remarks The sequence lugal-hé-ĝál, lugal-hé-du7 occurs in PBS 11/3 ll. 214–215. 89. CUNES 48-04-084 Measurements: 78×81×21 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 lugal-lú-NI-ÉŠ 2 lugal-KA-gi-na 3 lugal-e-PAP-e-r i Reverse Blank

2. Parallels PBS 11/3 l. 283. 90. CUNES 48-09-175

Remarks The first line does not belong with the other two. su4-SAR is attested in Ur III administrative texts primarily from Umma, where it is a commodity measured in gu2.The sequence ur-IMki (variant: ur- d IM), ur-dutu occurs in PBS 11/3 ll. 420–421. 91. CUNES 48-06-400 Measurements: 77×72×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ur-zu 2 ur-su 3 ur-abzu Reverse Erased

Remarks The sequence ur- zu, ur- zu- ĝu10, ur- su occurs in PBS 11/3 ll. 794–796. Ur- abzu occurs in l. 690.

Unparalleled Type IV 92. CUNES 48-10-020 Measurements: 94×94×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ma-a-dlama-ĝu10 2 ma-a-kur-gal 3 ma-a-kur-gal-ĝu10

Sumerian Personal Name Lists

Reverse 1 ma-a-dlama-ĝu10 2 ma-a-kur-gal 3 ma-a-kur-gal-ĝu10 93. CUNES 50-04-182 Measurements: 74×79×31 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse ˹ 1 ama- máš?˺ 2 ama-šag4-zid 3 ama-níĝ-du7 doodling below the line Reverse Erased 94. CUNES 50-08-100 Measurements: 60×62×20 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse d 1 ama- lama-e-si 2 ama-a-tu-e-si 3 ama-é-tùr-˹e˺-[si?] Reverse 1 ˹ama-dlama˺-[e-si] 2 ˹ama-a-tu˺-[e-si] 3 lost 95. CUNES 52-10-170 Measurements: 61*×72×31 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ama-[x]-na 2 ama-téš ˹ 3 ama- x-la˺ Reverse Lost 96. CUNES 48-09-182 Measurements: 72×74×23 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 an-na-he-ĝál 2 an-na-ne-saĝ 3 an-na-hi-li Reverse Erased

87

Remarks 1. Likely a mistake for hé-ĝál. 97. CUNES 50-08-098 Measurements: 75×68×28 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 dda-mu-a-zu 2 dda-mu-x-n[a] 3 dda-mu-i-ki-g[a] doodling below the line Reverse 1 dda-˹mu˺-a-z[u] 2 dda-mu-x-na 3 dda-mu-˹i˺-ki-g[a] 98. CUNES 51-04-042 Measurements: 86×87×27 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 é-làl 2 é-gissu 3 é-níĝ-zu Reverse Lost 99. CUNES 50-02-049 (See Plate 5) Measurements: 88×86×26 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 en-nir-ĝál-˹an-na˺ 2 en-nir-ĝál-abzux 3 en-hé-du7-an-na Reverse 1 en-hé-du7-an-na 2 en-nir-ĝál-abzux 3 en-nir-ĝál-an-na Remark See photo for an example of the difference between the obverse (example) and reverse (copy). 100. CUNES 51-04-049 Measurements: 73×75×27 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names

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Obverse 1 [e]n-dàra-an-na 2 ˹en-nun-dàra˺-an-na 3 en-me-er-˹kár˺ Reverse Blank 101. CUNES 52-20-323 Measurements: 87×78×30 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 md˹en˺-ki-hé-ĝál 2 md˹en-ki˺-ŠIM!:LÚ 3 mden-ki-eridugki-šè Written below the line: it-ti-é-a-lu-da-ri Reverse Blank

Remarks 2. Compare the unusual ŠIM in text 531. Colophon: This personal name is attested also as the colophon of text 189, an Akkadian personal name text. 102. CUNES 50-02-118 Measurements: 68×69×28 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ˹x˺-li-˹x˺-[x] 2 [d]en-líl-hé-ĝ[ál] Reverse Blank 103. CUNES 48-09-188 Measurements: 90×85×27 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse d ba-ba6 1 géme- ˹ ˺ d 2 géme -nin-ezen 3 ˹géme˺-d˹šára˺ Reverse Blank 104. CUNES 49-03-024 Measurements: 91×95×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names

Obverse d nin-mug 1 [gé]me- d nin-ti 2 [g]éme- d nin-ĝeš-zi-da 3 géme- Reverse d nin-[ĝeš-zi]-da 1 géme- d nin-ti! 2 géme- d 3 géme- nin-mug 105. CUNES 51-04-048 (See Plate 6) Measurements: 68×78×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse d nin-EZEN×(BAD.LA) 1 géme- 2 géme-tur ˹ da-r i!˺-gíd-da 3 géme- Reverse 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank

Remarks 1. For this unusual orthography, see photo. 106. CUNES 50-02-078 Measurements: 81×80×28 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 lú-su-kal 2 lú-igi-kal ˹ KA?˺-su-kal 3 lú- Reverse 1 ˹lú˺-su-kal 2 ˹lú˺-igi-kal 3 ˹lú-dé?˺-su-kal

Remarks There are wedges written upside down above l. 1 of the obverse. 107. CUNES 50-02-080 Measurements: 80×90×24 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse written above the line: [ . . . ] ˹x˺ [ . . . ]

Sumerian Personal Name Lists

d 1 [lugal]- šakkan d nin-šubur 2 [lu]gal- d nu-muš-da 3 lugal- written below the line: gala10-dŠE. Reverse written above the line: [ . . . ] ˹x x x x˺ d 1 lugal- šakkan d nin-šu[bur] 2 lugal- 3 lugal-[dn]u-m[uš-da] erasures below the line

108. CUNES 48-06-396 Measurements: 84×83×22 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 lugal-ud-˹da˺ 2 lugal-sukkal 3 lugal-si-sá Reverse Blank

Remarks 2 For lugal-sukkal, see Limet 1968, 333. 109. CUNES 49-02-051 Measurements: 83×83×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 lugal-hi-li-[an?-na?] 2 lugal-é 3 lugal-é-kud-re Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. For the possible restoration, see Limet 1968, 253. 110. CUNES 49-03-027 Measurements: 81×83×27 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 lugal-en-kug 2 lugal-kalag-ĝál 3 lugal- ĝuruš-zid

Reverse Blank 111. CUNES 49-09-163 Measurements: 72×75×23 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 lugal-m[uš?]-ka-[x] 2 lugal-KA-g[i-n]a 3 lugal-KA-zal Reverse Blank except for fabric impression 112. CUNES 49-13-145 Measurements: 75×75×33 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ˹lugal-bàd˺ 2 ˹lugal˺-[ud-d]a-e11 3 ˹lugal-mah˺-e Reverse ˹ bàd˺ 1 lugal- 2 lugal-ud-˹da-e11˺ 3 lugal-mah-e 113. CUNES 49-13-146 Measurements: 77×77×26 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 lugal-á!(DA)-sum-ma 2 lugal-šu-é-an-na 3 lugal-mí-ús-sá!(BI)-ma-ni-šè Reverse Blank 114. CUNES 50-02-112 Measurements: 67×72×27 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 lugal- ĝá-ì-[x] 2 lugal-uš-bu-[x] 3 lugal-bàn-da-ĝu10 Reverse Blank 115. CUNES 50-02-113 Measurements: 72×67×23

89

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Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ˹x˺-x-x 2 [lu]gal-zi-šag4-ĝá[l] 3 [lug]al-ha-ma-ti 4 [luga]l-diĝir-ĝu10 doodling below the line Reverse 1 Blank 116. CUNES 50-02-132 Measurements: 76×80×26 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 [ . . . ]-ni 2 [ . . . ]-ba 3 [ . . . ]-AŠ Reverse 1 [ . . . ]-ka-ni 2 lugal-tur-x-ba 3 lugal-PAN-AŠ 117. CUNES 50-02-138 Measurements: 68×71×21 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 lugal-si-sá 2 lugal-sa-ke4 3 lugal-agrig-zid Reverse Blank 118. CUNES 50-04-138 Measurements: 87×87×23 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 lugal-numun?-ab-ba ˹ ˺ 2 lugal- x -NE.RU ˹ ˺ 3 lugal- x -gi4 Reverse Blank 119. CUNES 50-04-142 Measurements: 83×81×27 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names

Obverse 1 lugal-x-en 2 lugal-igi? 3 lugal-x-ĝìri Reverse Blank 120. CUNES 51-04-043 Measurements: 81×78×29 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 lugal-ur-saĝ 2 lugal-saĝ-kal 3 lugal-enzud Reverse Erased 121. CUNES 51-04-045 Measurements: 69×70×22 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 lugal-sipad 2 lugal-má-gur8-re 3 lugal-LU Reverse 1 lugal-sipad 2 lugal-má-gur8-[r]e 3 lugal-LU doodling below the line

Remarks See the parallel text 122. 122. CUNES 51-04-050 Measurements: 80×70×32 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse written above the line: má 1 lugal-[sipad] 2 [lug]al-má-gur8-[re] 3 [luga]l-LU erasures below the line Reverse 1 [lugal]-sipad 2 [lugal-má]-gur8-re 3 lugal-L[U]

Sumerian Personal Name Lists

Remarks See parallel text 121. 123. CUNES 52-17-087 Measurements: 79×79×23 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse ˹ ˺ 1 lugal- x -MI 2 lugal-[x?]-zu 3 luga[l-k]ù?-˹x˺ Reverse Blank 124. CUNES 52-20-329 Measurements: 67×76×20 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 [lugal]-sukkal 2 lugal-si-sá 3 lugal-gaba-šu-ha-nu{over erasure} Reverse Blank 125. CUNES 50-02-085 Measurements: 81×83×26 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 dnanna-ma-[an-ba] 2 dnanna-ì-dug4 3 dnanna-e-ba-an-[ri] Reverse 1 dnanna-ma-an-ba 2 dnanna-ì-dug4 3 dnanna-e-ba-an-r i

Remarks The sequence dnanna-ma-an-ba, dnanna-ì-dug4 occurs in OBTI 282 ll. 2–3 (P369712) and in text 182. 1. Parallels AO 5402 ii 18 (P492331). 3. Parallels Ontario 2 500 l. 1 (P209816). 126. CUNES 50-02-087 Measurements: 78×88×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ˹dnanna-hi-li˺ 2 dnanna-ne-sa[ĝ]

91

3 dnanna-ki-u-a Reverse 1 [d]nanna-hi-li 2 ˹d˺nanna-ne-saĝ 3 [dnan]na-˹ki-u˺-a

Remarks The sequence dnanna-ne-saĝ, dnanna-ki-u-a occurs in EES 124 ll. 2–3 (P273836), a Type II tablet with d nanna-names. See also text 128. 127. CUNES 50-02-088 Measurements: 83×78×24 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 dnanna-šeš 2 dnanna-zi-˹šà-ĝál˺ 3 dnanna-˹x-x˺ Reverse 1 {erased} 2 dnanna-šeš 3 dnanna-zi-˹šà-ĝál˺ 4 dnanna-˹x˺- ~˹x˺ erasures below the line 128. CUNES 50-02-089 Measurements: 81×83×28 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 d nanna-ne- ~saĝ 2 dnanna-ki-u-a 3 dnanna-ki-šár-ra Reverse Blank

Remarks This sequence occurs in EES 124 ll. 2–4 (P273836), a Type II tablet with dnanna-names. The first two names occur also in text 126. 129. CUNES 50-02-090 Measurements: 90×83×26 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 [d]˹nanna˺-[x] 2 dnanna-diĝir-ĝu10

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3 dnanna-lugal Reverse Erased

Remarks The sequence dnanna-diĝir-ĝu10, dnanna-lugal occurs in MS 2037/1 ll. 1–2 (P250801) and in text 182: o ii 11′–12′. 2. Parallels Ontario 2 500 l. 3 (P209816). 130. CUNES 50-08-109 Measurements: 69×67×21 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 dnanna-kam 2 dnanna-téš 3 dnanna-zid Reverse Lost

Reverse 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank

Remarks The sequence occurs in MS 2201/4 ll. 1–3 (P251415). Lines 1 and 2 occur also in text 177: 6′–7′. 1.The reading of IGI.DU is either palil or igištu, but the context does not make for an obvious choice.

See parallel text 131.

133. CUNES 53-01-204 Measurements: 73×75×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 dnanna-hi-li 2 dnanna-ĝisal-l[a?] 3 [d]˹nanna˺-[KA] Reverse 1 ˹d˺nanna-hi-li! 2 dnanna-ĝisal 3 dnanna-KA

131. CUNES 50-09-034 Measurements: 77×79×28 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 dnanna-kam 2 dnanna-téš 3 dnanna-zid Reverse 1 dnanna-kam 2 dnanna-téš 3 dnanna-zid

134. CUNES 48-07-128 Measurements: 76×65×23 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 nin-šà-lá-s[ud] 2 nin-[ĝi6-par4] 3 nin-saĝ-í[l] Reverse 1 nin-šà!-lá-sud 2 nin- ĝi6-[par4] 3 nin-saĝ-í[l]

Remarks

Remarks

See parallel text 130.

The reverse rotates 90 degrees to the right. 1. nin-šà-lá-sud is an epithet attested in OB royal inscriptions—e.g., Hammurabi 22 7 (E4.3.6.2001, epithet of Ašratum), Enlil-bani 3 2 (E4.1.10.5; epithet of Nin-ibgal). 2. nin-ĝi6-par4 is an epithet of Nin-gal in Nanna F 44. 3. nin-saĝ-íl is an epithet of Ningal in an Išme- Dagan royal inscription (E4.1.4.13).

Remarks

132. CUNES 52-02-037 Measurements: 69×65×23 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ˹d˺nanna-IGI.DU 2 dnanna-igi-tab 3 dnanna-sud-˹áĝ˺

Sumerian Personal Name Lists

135. CUNES 48-11-083 Measurements: 88×88×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 nin-sal-la 2 nin- ĝi6-par4-su4-DU.DU-nu-dùl-ù 3 nin-dub-sar Reverse Blank 136. CUNES 48-11-097 Measurements: 70×73×23 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 nin-bi 2 nin-NI-bi 3 nin-ú Reverse Blank 137. CUNES 49-08-026 Measurements: 84×87×26 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ˹nin˺-arhuš-sud 2 nin-arhuš-sud 3 nin-diĝir-ĝu10 Reverse Blank 138. CUNES 49-08-034 Measurements: 75×74×24 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 nin- ĝá-˹x-x˺ 2 nin-lú-sa6-g[a] 3 nin-al-ĝar-re Reverse Lost 139. CUNES 49-08-038 Measurements: 74×74×27 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 [n]in-DU-e-tuku

93

2 [n]in-lú-UD.UD 3 nin-lú-ti-ti Reverse Blank

Remarks 3. nin lú ti-ti is an epithet of Nungal in Amar-Suena 16 3, Nungal A 83. 140. CUNES 49-09-161 Measurements: 80×81×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 nin- ĝá-˹x-x˺ 2 [ni]n-a-la-ni-in-˹x˺-[(x?)] 3 nin-ki-KU Reverse 1 ˹nin-ĝá˺-[ . . . ] 2 [ . . . ] 3 ˹nin˺-[ . . . ]

Remarks The reverse rotates 90 degrees to the left. 141. CUNES 49-12-067 Measurements: 81×81×26 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse ˹ 1 nin- níĝ-zu˺ 2 nin-ki-úr ˹ ˺ 3 nin- lú -mah Reverse d 1 ur- nanše d 2 ur- nin-ĝír-su-ka d 3 ur- ĝá 4 Blank 5 Blank 6 Blank

Remarks Reverse 1. Parallels Ur-Nanše l. 1. 2. Parallels Ur-Nanše l. 2. 3. Likely, this was the beginning of Ur-Nanše l. 3, but the rest of our line is blank.

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142. CUNES 49-13-164 Measurement: 76×80×29 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 nin-KA-˹ta˺ ˹ 2 nin- lú-x˺ 3 nin-{erasure?}-˹ĝál˺ Reverse 1 nin-[KA]-˹ta˺ 2 nin-[x x] 3 ˹nin˺-[x x] 143. CUNES 50-01-062 Measurements: 83×83×29 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 nin-al-la 2 nin-ezen 3 nin-sag9 Reverse Blank

Obverse 1 nin9-si-sá 2 nin9-ki-áĝ 3 [n]in9-e-ì-sag9 Reverse 1 [nin9]-si-sá 2 [nin9]-ki-áĝ 3 [n]in9-e-ì-sag9 146. CUNES 50-02-103 Measurements: 76×83×23 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ˹nin˺-e-ì-sa[g9] 2 [n]in-hi-li 3 [n]in-šúba-zid Reverse ˹ 1 nin- šúba-zid˺ ˹ ˺ 2 nin- hi -li! ˹ 3 nin- x-x-x˺

Remarks

Remarks

The reverse rotates 90 degrees to the left.

1. For Nin-al-la, the wife of Gudea, see, e.g., RIME 3/1.1.7.90.

147. CUNES 50-02-128 Measurements: 82×83×26 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 [nin?]-en-nu 2 [nin]-en-sa6 3 nin-NI-lú Reverse Blank

144. CUNES 50-01-063 Measurements: 66×61×20 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 [ni]n-an-ni 2 [ni]n-an-ni-a 3 [ni]n-tur Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. This name is attested in the Nippur list Nin-nin, for which, see Ciĝ, Kizilyay, and Landsberger 1959, 90. 145. CUNES 50-02-037 Measurements: 82×78×27 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names

148. CUNES 50-02-139 Measurements: 81×72×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 [ni]n- ĝeš-kíĝ-ti 2 [ni]n-an-dùl 3 [nin-K]A.HI-[x] Reverse 1 [ni]n- ĝeš!-kin-ti 2 [ni]n-an-dùl 3 [nin]-dimma-˹x˺

Sumerian Personal Name Lists

149. CUNES 50-04-181 Measurements: 74×76×28 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse d šul-gi 1 nin- 2 nin-ánzumušen-ĝu10 3 nin-é-gal-DI Reverse 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 150. CUNES 50-04-187 Measurements: 76×70×32 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 nin-TUR-˹x˺-[(x?)] 2 nin-é-bar-˹x˺-[(x?)] 3 nin-pàd-[da] Reverse Blank 151. CUNES 51-07-107 Measurements: 65×63×28 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 nin-a-zu 2 nin-kug-zu 3 nin-bar-zu Reverse 1 nin-a-zu 2 nin-kug-zu 3 nin-[bar]-zu

Remarks The sequence nin-kug-zu, nin-a-zu is attested in the Nippur list Nin-nin, for which, see Çiĝ, Kizilyay, and Landsberger 1959, 90. 152. CUNES 51-09-134 Measurements: 82×80×21 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 nin-en-˹ú˺ 2 ˹nin˺-en-šubur 3 ˹nin˺-NI-LU

Reverse 1 nin-en-ú 2 nin-en-šubur 3 nin-NI-LU 153. CUNES 52-02-038 Measurements: 77×77×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse ˹ dé˺-[(x?)] 1 nin- 2 nin-e-ba-an-zi-˹gin7˺ 3 nin-da-ib-ĝál Reverse Blank 154. CUNES 52-20-326 Measurements: 80×72×27 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 nin-gub-˹ba˺ ˹ ˺ 2 nin- x -[x] 3 nin-gud-[x] Reverse Blank 155. CUNES 52-20-332 Measurements: 82×80×28 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 nin-bu-ul 2 nin-DUN ˹ x-áĝ-x˺ 3 nin- Reverse 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 4 Blank 156. CUNES 52-02-031 Measurements: 74×79×26 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 dnin-kur-ra-ba-ni 2 dnin-kur-ra-na-da 3 dnin-kur-ra-en-nam Reverse 1 dnin-kur-ra-ba-ni

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96

2 3

nin-kur-ra-na-da nin-kur-ra-en-nam

d d

Remarks This tablet may belong to the Theophoric Personal Name List (previously Landsberger Personal Name List C), where the pattern DN-ba-ni, DN-na-da is attested. This text, however, preserves the divine name dnin-kur-ra, which is not attested in the Nippur list (Çiǧ and Kizilyay 1965, 43–56; Peterson 2011, 251; personal communication, December 2014). 157. CUNES 50-08-104 Measurements: 70×66×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names? Obverse 1 saĝ-ša 2 saĝ-HA-KAK 3 saĝ-NI-NI Reverse Blank

Remarks For names beginning with saĝ-, see Çiǧ and Kizilyay 1965, 44–45. 158. CUNES 49-08-0392 Measurements: 75×71×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 [ur]-an-NI 2 [u]r-AN-NI-a ˹ ˺ x 3 [u]r- Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels Ur-ki l. 46. 2. Compare Ur-ki l. 47, which reads Ur-dNa-ni. 3. Compare Ur-ki l. 48, which reads Ur-dx.

2 We wish to thank Jeremiah Peterson for generously sharing his edition of the Ur-ki list with us. Although there are similarities between these entries and ll. 46–48 of Ur-ki, we are hesitant to assign this manuscript to Ur-ki given that Ur-ki is otherwise unknown outside Nippur.

159. CUNES 49-02-050 Measurements: 80×80×22 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse d TUK×UD 1 ur- d TUK×HAL 2 [ur]- d TUK×UD 3 [ur]- d TUK×HAL 4 [u]r- Reverse Blank 160. CUNES 49-13-142 Measurements: 84×84×22 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ur- ĝeš 2 ur- ĝá 3 ur- ĝar Reverse Blank

Remarks This sequence parallels MS 2268/15. 161. CUNES 49-13-143 Measurements: 85×86×17 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ur-é-nim-dutu d nin-AK-ĝá 2 ur- d nin-ki 3 ur- Reverse Erased 162. CUNES 49-13-152 Measurements: 66×61×14 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse d tu 1 ur- 2 Blank Reverse Blank

Sumerian Personal Name Lists

163. CUNES 49-14-056 Measurements: 74×74×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ur-UŠ 2 ur-UŠ! Reverse Blank 164. CUNES 49-14-063 Measurements: 76×50*×29 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse d 1 [u]r- nin-[ . . . ] d 2 [u]r- nin-[ . . . ] d˹ 3 [u]r- ha˺-[ . . . ] doodling below the line Reverse Erased 165. CUNES 50-08-107 (See Plate 7) Measurements: 80×72×26 Contents: Obverse: Sumerian Personal Names; Reverse: undetermined Obverse d 1 ur- ha-[x] 2 ur-[x] d 3 ur- ha-[x] 4 ur-[x] Reverse 1 {traces of erased signs} ˹d˺nin-urta 2 {2 or 3 partially erased signs} gùr-ru 3 {3 partially erased signs} šà

Remarks Obverse 1. Traces of the final sign do not permit the restoration of -ìa. Reverse The reverse is rotated 90 degrees to the left. 166. CUNES 52-07-071 Measurements: 64×66×18 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names

Obverse

1 ˹ur-dnamma˺ d 2 [ur- ]dam-gal-nun-na d nin-pir[iĝ]-ĝá 3 ur- 4 ˹ur˺-dnamma Reverse Blank

Remarks 1, 4. Occurs as l. 54 in the Ur-ki list. 3. Compare ur-dnin-piriĝ in Ur-ki l. 114. 167. CUNES 52-08-079 Measurements: 51*×79×22 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 [ . . . ] ˹ KA?-sal-la˺ 2 ur- d 3 ur- a-a Reverse Blank 168. CUNES 52-18-169 Measurements: 64×64×23 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ur-[x] 2 ur- ĝar 3 ur-ab-˹ba˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Perhaps to be restored ur-[ĝá] based on 160. 169. CUNES 49-13-150 Measurements: 81×80×35 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names? Obverse 1 ga-ga-ad ˹ x{erased?}˺-me-kár 2 EN×GÁN- ˹ ?˺ 3 ki-saĝ written below the line: 4 ˹ad˺-hal 5 nir-ì-da-ĝál Reverse Blank

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Remarks

Type II (Unparalleled)

3. The saĝ may also be a poorly written áĝ, for which, see Limet 1968, 264–65. 4. Between ll. 4 and 5 are two extraneous Winkelhackens. 5. Limet 1968, 289. 170. CUNES 50-02-157 Measurements: 77×76×27 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 ˹en-x-x-x˺ 2 ˹an-né˺-[ki]-˹áĝ˺ Reverse 1 (erased) 2 en-x-˹x x˺ 3 an-né-ki-áĝ 171. CUNES 49-13-149 Measurements: 80×78×20 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 [m]˹x-x˺-sukkal 2 ˹ma-a˺-sukkal 3 ˹m˺[x-x]-sukkal Reverse 1 ma-˹x˺-sukkal 2 ma-˹x˺-sukkal 3 mhi?-˹li˺-sukkal 172. CUNES 50-07-012 Measurements: 83×74×27 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names? Obverse 1 [ . . . ]-li9-si4 2 [ . . . ]-za-ba4 3 [ . . . ]-za-ba4-ba4 Reverse Blank

173. CUNES 52-02-047 Measurements: 108×76*×24 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse col. i 1 lú-má-gan-na 2 lú-má-gur8-re 3 lú-má-an-na 4 lú-MI-zi-da d˹ nin˺-ĝeš-zi 5 lú- ~da 6 lú-[db]ìl([ĜEŠ].NE@s)- ~[ga]-mes ˹ x-x˺-a 7 lú- 8 lú-SUD-DI-a 9 lú- šu-dsuen col. ii 1 lú-má-[gan-na] 2 lú-má-[gur8-re] The rest of the exercise is erased. There is a tiny dutu written roughly equivalent with l. 4 of the teacher’s text. Reverse The reverse is almost entirely destroyed, but there are traces of another exercise that do not replicate the obverse and may have been at least partially erased in antiquity.

Remarks obv. col. i 2. Parallels PBS 11/3 l. 149. 174. CUNES 50-08-096 Measurements: 70*×82×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse col. i 1 ur-na 2 ur-na-na 3 ur-na-a

Sumerian Personal Name Lists

4 ur-na-ti 5 ur-an-ti-ni 6 ur-an-ti-˹x˺ 7 MI-MI-˹x˺-da ˹ x-x-x˺ 8 [x]- (remainder of column lost) col. ii Erased, doodling Reverse Set up as a table with traces of an erased exercise underneath.

Remarks 1. Parallels Ur-Nanše l. 34. 2. Parallels Ur-Nanše l. 35. Landscape Type III (Unparalleled) 175. CUNES 50-10-025 Measurements: 52×58×20 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 [dut]u-[ . . . ] 2 dutu-bar-[ra] 3 dutu-NI-UR 4 dutu-˹DI-x˺ 5 dutu-nu-hi-li-a 6 dutu-˹á˺-tah 7 dutu-gú-˹x˺ Right edge: erased doodling Reverse 1 {erased} 2 dutu-˹NI˺ 3 dutu-bar-˹ra˺ 4 dutu-˹NI-UR˺ 5 dutu-DI-˹x˺ 6 dutu-nu-hi-li-a 7 dutu-á-tah 8 {erased}

99

Wide-Ruled Type III (Unparalleled) 176. CUNES 50-09-037 (See Plate 8) Measurements: 78×62×19 Contents: Obverse: Sumerian Personal Names Reverse: SA A, doodling Obverse (surface almost entirely worn away) 1 [ . . . ] 2 [ . . . ] 3 [ . . . ] 4 [ . . . ] 5 [ . . . ] 6 ˹en˺-[ . . . ] 7 en-[ . . . ] 8 en-AN-˹x˺-[ . . . ] double line ruling Reverse The reverse is divided into two sections. In the left section, there are narrow columns with Syllable Alphabet A written in small script. The first lines are visible: me-me, pap-pap, a-a, a-a-a. The rest, however, is illegible, but it appears to have been the first thirty or so lines of the exercise. The second section is rotated 90 degrees and contains the ur sign written at least twenty-five times. Immediately above this section is the name ˹x-NE˺-dutu (x-is not i-). Above that is the name ur-˹x˺ {erasure}. 177. CUNES 49-13-172 Measurements: 62*×48×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [ . . . ]-li 3′ [ . . . ]˹x˺-NE-NE 4′ dnanna-ki?-šà? 5′ dnanna-ki?-bi?-ra 6′ dnanna-IGI!.DU 7′ dnanna-igi!-tab Reverse Blank

Remarks

Remarks

The reverse is rotated 90 degrees to the right.

6′–7′. Parallel text 132: 1–2 and MS 2201/4 ll. 1–2.

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178. CUNES 50-05-124 Measurements: 61*×65×25 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 dutu-[x]-˹x-x˺ 2 dutu-˹x-x-x˺ 3 dutu-lú 4 dnanna-˹x-x˺ 5 dnanna-téš 6 dnanna-zid 7 [ . . . ]-˹li˺ rest of obverse broken Reverse Traces of an almost completely erased exercise with names beginning dutu- 179. CUNES 48-10-032 Measurements: 103×83×28 Contents: Obverse: Sumerian Personal Names; Reverse: Syllable Alphabet A ll. 1–6 Obverse 1 [m]d˹x˺-WA 2 [m]dnin-ka5-ba-˹ni˺ 3 [m]d[ŠEŠ].KI-˹lú?-x-x-x˺ 4 [m]˹dnanna-x-x˺-BU 5 [m]lú-˹é-a˺ 6 ˹mx-x-a-x-mu-x-da˺ 7 ˹mdnanna-x-x-x-NI?˺ 8 mdnanna-˹x-x-x-x˺ 9 mdnanna-a-˹x˺-ba-˹x-KIN˺ 10 mdnanna-ki-u-a Reverse ˹ 1 [me]- me˺ ˹ 2 [pap]- pap˺ ˹ ˺ 3 [a]- a ˹ 4 a-a-a˺ ˹ 5 [ku]- ku˺ ˹ ˺ 6 [lu]- lu (remainder of reverse erased)

Remarks Obverse is divided into two columns, the left-hand column containing just the Personenkeil.

CUNES 52-10-178 Measurements: 108*×58*×33 Contents: Obverse: tu-ta-ti; Reverse: Sumerian Personal Names **See transliteration sub tu-ta-ti Type I (Unparalleled) 180. CUNES 50-04-146 Measurements: 56×99×36 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse col. i 1 dnanna-ĝu10 2 d˹nanna-zi-šà˺-[ĝál] 3 dn[anna-á]-z[i] 4 ˹dnanna˺-m[a-an-sum] 5 [dnan]na-ma-[an-ba] 6 ˹dnanna-NI˺-[dùl] 7 dnanna-e-ba-an-zi-ge- ~˹x˺ ˹d 8 nanna˺-[ . . . ] (remainder of column lost) col. ii 1 ˹dnanna˺-ĝu10 2 dnanna-zi-šà-ĝál 3 dnanna-˹á˺-zi 4 dnanna-ma-an-sum 5 dnanna-[ma]-an-ba 6 [dnanna-NI]-dùl 7 ˹dnanna-e-ba-zi-ge-x˺ 8 ˹dnanna˺-[ . . . ] (remainder of column lost) Reverse Blank, except for two vertical line rulings, dividing the tablet into three columns 181. CUNES 52-10-178 Measurements: 108*×58*×33 Contents: Obverse: Sumerian Personal Names Reverse: TuTaTi Obverse col. i beginning of column lost 1′ d˹nanna˺-[ . . . ]

2′ 3′ 4′ 5′ 6′ 7′ 8′ 9′

Sumerian Personal Name Lists

utu-˹x˺ d utu-˹x˺ d˹ x-x˺ d nanna-kam d nanna-téš d nanna-zid d nanna-˹x˺ d nanna-kur col. ii 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ ˹d˺[ . . . ] 3′ d[ . . . ] 4′ d˹x˺-[ . . . ] 5′ d˹IM˺-[ . . . ] Reverse 1 [DIŠ] du 2 [DIŠ] da 3 [DIŠ] d[i] 4 [DIŠ du-da-di] 5 DIŠ [x] 6 [DIŠ x] 7 DIŠ [ . . . ] 8 DIŠ [ . . . ] 9 DIŠ [ . . . ] 10 [ . . . ] 11 [ . . . ] (remainder of reverse lost) d

Remarks Obverse 5′–7′. For the sequence nanna-kam, nanna-téš, nanna-zi, see texts 130 and 131. Reverse 1. Parallels TuTaTi l. 25. 2. Parallels TuTaTi l. 26. 3. Parallels TuTaTi l. 27. 4. Parallels TuTaTi l. 28. 182. CUNES 50-02-0683 Measurements: 94*×135×40 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names 3 Peterson (personal communication, October 2017), made us aware of the fact that this text might belong with AO 5402 and another some twenty manuscripts, including Type II and Type IV tablets from Ishali and Tell Harmal.

101

Obverse obv. col. i (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ ˹ 2′ [AN]- x x NE˺ 3′ ˹dIGI˺.DU 4′ dIGI-TAB 5′ dsipad(PA-LU) 6′ dutu-sipad(PA-LU) 7′ dutu-an-dùl 8′ dutu-lugal 9′ dutu-bar-e 10′ dutu-ì-dug4 11′ dutu-ki-aĝ 12′ d˹utu-kur˺-hi-li-a 13′ dutu-á-tah 14′ dutu-máš-saĝ 15′ an-na-hi-ĝál 16′ [an-n]a-ne-saĝ

Remarks obv. col. i 5′.Written PA-LU, not as a ligature. For the reading, see Peterson 2009, 68. obv. col. ii 1′ dnanna-á-˹tah˺ 2′ dnanna-kug-zu! 3′ dnanna-šeš 4′ dnanna-zi-šà-ĝál 5′ dnanna-ma-zi 6′ dnanna-ma-an-sum 7′ dnanna-ma-an-ba 8′ dnanna-ì-dug4 9′ dnanna-e-ba-an-zi-gin7 10′ dnanna-gin7 11′ dnanna-diĝir-ĝu10 12′ dnanna-lugal 13′ dnanna-é-turx-e 14′ lú- ĝá

Remarks 6′–8′. This sequence occurs in OBTI 282 ll. 1–3 (P369712), a Type IV tablet, and in text 125. 11′–12′. The sequence dnanna-diĝir-ĝu10, dnanna- lugal occurs in MS 2037/1 ll. 1–2 (P250801) and in text 129.

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obv. col. iii (beginning of column lost) 1′ ˹x˺-[ . . . ] 2′ ˹x˺-[ . . . ] 3′ lú-AN-[ . . . ] 4′ lú-ti-la-[ . . . ] d bil4-g[a-mes] 5′ lú- 6′ lú-diĝir-ra-iri-unu-(AB)ki- ~ga 7′ lú-unugki-ga 8′ lú-HA.Aki 9′ lú-BADki 10′ lú-BADki 11′ lú-BADki 12′ lú-kar-zi-˹da˺ 13′ lú-larsaki-m[a] 14′ é-e ˹ ˺ x 15′ é- double line ruling

Remarks obv. col. iii 8′. For this toponym, see RGTC 3 (OB period) p. 84. 9′.This sequence is attested in PBS 11/3 ll. 119–121. 13′.The sequence in obv. col. iii ll. 11′–13′ occurs in a lentil from a private collection in Jerusalem (No. 5 in Klein and Sefati 2020). Reverse rev. col. i (=RIGHT) 1 [ . . . ] 2 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 3 [ . . . ]-zi 4 [ . . . ]-ta 5 ˹x˺-ŠIM 6 ˹é˺-ta 7 é-ĝissu 8 [é]-níĝ-ba 9 ˹é˺-ĝissu 10 [é-n]íĝ-ba 11 [ . . . ] ˹x˺

˹ 12 é- x-x-x-x˺ ˹ 13 é- x-x-x˺-ba 14 [ . . . ]-˹x˺-HI 15 [ . . . ]-˹x-x˺ (remainder of column lost)

rev. col. ii 1 ˹x-x-x-x˺ 2 en!-nir-ĝál-x 3 ˹en!˺-hé-du7-an-na ˹ x-x˺-an-ki 4 [e]n- 5 e[n-x]-BU-BU 6 ˹en!-an-né-pà-da˺ 7 en!-˹x˺-DU-an-ki 8 ˹en!-x-x-x-UD˺ 9 ˹en!-za-x-x-gi4˺ ˹ ˺ 10 [en]- lú -[ . . . ] ˹ ˺ x -[x]-˹x˺ 11 [en]- ! 12 en -an-dùl-[x]-˹x˺ 13 en!-úr-k[ug?-ge?] 14 en!-˹x˺-[ . . . ] 15 en!-[ . . . ] (remainder of column lost) rev. col. iii (=LEFT) 1 [géme- . . .] 2 [géme- . . .]-˹x˺ 3 [géme- . . .]-tur 4 [géme- . . .]-˹x-x˺ ˹ 5 géme- x-x-x˺ ˹ 6 géme- x-ĜAR-EZEN-x-x˺ 7 ama-lugal 8 ama-téš 9 ama-níĝ-kal-la 10 [ama- . . .]-bi-a-˹x˺ 11 ˹ama˺-[ . . . ]-˹zi?-x˺ 11 ama-[ . . . ]-˹x-x˺ 12 ama-[x]-an-na 13 ama-x-zi-bar-na 14 ama-bar-e-zi-bar-na (remainder of column lost)

3 A KKADI AN PERSO NAL N AME LI STS Type IV (Partial Parallels with PBS 11/1 = Inana-téš, PN List Ba-[ . . . ])

185. CUNES 50-04-149 Measurements: 70×70×22 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (dInana-téš) Obverse 1 mlú-é-a 2 mlú-ša-lim 3 mlú-˹da?-ri?˺ Reverse Blank

d

PBS 11/1 ll. 1–399 correspond to the list dInana-téš whereas ll. 400ff. correspond to the list Ba-[ . . . ].1 183. CUNES 52-09-024 Measurements: 70×72×29 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (dInana-teš ll. 16–18)2 Obverse 1 [ki]-tuš-lú 2 i-zu-a-ri-iq 3 [be-lí]-a-ri-ik Reverse Blank

Remarks The sequence lú-é-a, lú-da-ri, lú-ša-lim, lú-me-lam occurs in PBS 11/1 ll. 106–109. 186. CUNES 48-06-398 Measurements: 82×74×24 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (dInana-téš) Obverse Lost Reverse 1 [dšamaš]-ṭāb(HI) 2 [dšamaš]-ṭāb(DU10.GA) 3 [dša]maš-ba-ni

Remarks 1. Parallels PBS 11/1 l. 16. 2. Compare PBS 11/1 l. 17, which reads i-za-ri-iq. 3. Parallels PBS 11/1 l. 18. 184. CUNES 50-02-084 Measurements: 82×80×29 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (dInana-téš) Obverse 1 [nu-ú]r-ì-lí 2 [nu-ú]r-ì-lí-a 3 [nu]-úr-ì-lí-šu Reverse Blank

Remarks The sequence dšamaš-ra-bi, dšamaš-ṭāb, dšamaš-ba-ni occurs in PBS 11/1 ll. 131–133. 187. CUNES 49-03-041 Measurements: 61×61×23 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (dInana-téš) Obverse 1 ma-gu-ú-a 2 ma-gu-ú-a-ti 3 ma-gu-ú-a-mu 4 ma-má 5 ma-má-an Reverse 1 ma-gu-ú-a 2 ma-gu-ú-a-ti 3 ma-gu-ú-a-mu 4 ma-má 5 ma-má-an

Remarks 1. Parallels PBS 11/1 l. 46. 2. Parallels PBS 11/1 l. 47. 3. Parallels PBS 11/1 l. 48. 1 We follow Peterson 2011, 249 as classifying PBS 11/1 (= Landsberger PN list A) as two separate lists. 2 We wish to thank Jeremiah Peterson (personal communication, August 2018) for the identification and transliteration of this text.

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Remarks 1. Parallels PBS 11/1 l. 165. 2. Parallels PBS 11/1 l. 166. 3. PBS 11/1 l. 167 reads a-gu-ú-ši-ma-ti. 188. CUNES 50-02-034 Measurements: 77×75×27 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (PN List Ba-[ . . . ]) Obverse 1 [nu]-úr-i-a? 2 [nu]-úr-ku-b[i] 3 [nu]-úr-dnin-šubur Reverse 1 nu-úr-i-za 2 ˹nu˺-úr-ku-bi 3 ˹nu˺-úr-dnin-š[ubur]

Remark 2. Parallels PBS 11/1 l. 442. 189. CUNES 52-20-327 Measurements: 64×70×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (PN List Ba-[ . . . ]) Obverse 1 [šar-r]u-um-ìl 2 [šar]-ru-um-é-a 3 [ša]r-ru-um-˹d˺adad written below the line: [i]t-ti-d[é]-˹a-lu˺-da-ri Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels PBS 11/1 l. 536. 2. Parallels PBS 11/1 l. 537. Colophon This personal name is attested also as the colophon of text 101.

Type IV (Partial Parallels with PBS 11/2) 190. CUNES 51-04-038 Measurements: 72×72×28 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (Diverse Element PN List)

Obverse 1 é-a-šar 2 é-a-šar-ru-um 3 é-a-mi-šar Reverse 1 ˹é-a˺-šar 2 ˹é˺-[a]-šar-ru-um 3 é-a-mi-šar

Remarks The sequence beginning é-a-occurs in the so-called Diverse Element PN List (Peterson 2011, 250). 2. Parallels PBS 11/2 l. 667; Çiǧ and Kizilyay 1965, 46 (Ni 10425 col. i). 191. CUNES 48-08-032 Measurements: 78×75×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (Diverse Element PN List) Obverse 1 é-a-é-[da-ni] 2 é-a-íb-˹du7˺ 3 é-a-šar Reverse 1 é-a-é-da-ni 2 é-a-íb-[du7] 3 é-a-[šar]

Remarks The sequence beginning é-a-occurs in the so-called Diverse Element PN List (Peterson 2011, 250). 3. Compare PBS 11/2 l. 667: é-a-ša-ru-[um?] and [é]- a-ša-rum in Çiǧ and Kizilyay 1965, 46 (Ni 10425 col. i). 192. CUNES 49-11-077 Measurements: 66×67×24 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la) Obverse 1 ma-ha-ti 2 ma-ha-ti-ma 3 ma-ha-ti-i-a Reverse Erased

Akkadian Personal Name Lists

105

Remarks

Remarks

1. Parallels PBS 11/3 l. 1704. Cf. also PBS 11/2 l. 1006: a-ha-ti-e, with variant a-ha-ti.

The sequence a-hu-ki-in, a-hu-ki-nu-um occurs in PBS 11/2 ll. 1017–1018.

193. CUNES 50-02-136 Measurements: 93×82×27 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la) Obverse 1 [a]-hu-um 2 [a]-hu-um-ma 3 [a]-hu-um-ìl Reverse 1 [a]-hu-[um] 2 [a]-hu-um-[ma] 3 ˹a˺-hu-um-ì[l]

196. CUNES 50-02-123 Measurements: 73×73×23 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la) Obverse 1 a-hu-ú-a 2 a-hu-ki-in 3 a-hu-ki-nu-um Reverse Blank

Remarks The sequence a-hu(-um), a-hu-ma occurs in PBS 11/2 1011–12. 194. CUNES 51-07-113 Measurements: 73×77×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la) Obverse 1 a-hu-ni 2 a-hu-ṭāb(HI) 3 [a]-hu-tab-bu-um Reverse Lost

Remarks The sequence a-hu-ni, a-hu-be-lum, a-hu-ṭāb, A-hu- ṭa-bu-um occurs in PBS ll/2 ll. 1013–1016. A-hu-ṭāb occurs also in Çiǧ and Kizilyay 1965, 43. 195. CUNES 50-02-044 Measurements: 78×77×28 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la) Obverse 1 a-hu-ki-in 2 a-hu-ki-na-nu-um 3 a-hu-na-nu-um Reverse Blank

Remarks The sequence a-hu-ki-in, a-hu-ki-nu-um occurs in PBS 11/2 ll. 1017–1018. 197. CUNES 50-02-134 Measurements: 70×70×23 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la) Obverse 1 a-hi-illatti 2 a-hi-illat-ma 3 a-hi-ša-ga Reverse Blank

Remarks The sequence a-hi-illat, a-hi-illat-ti occurs in PBS 11/2 1148–1149. 198. CUNES 49-08-136 Measurements: 80×82×31 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la) Obverse 1 ma-lí-ṣí-im-ti 2 ma-lí-illat 3 ma-lí-illatti Reverse 1 ma-lí-illatti 2 ma-lí-illat 3 ma-lí-ṣí-im-ti

Remarks The sequence a-lí-illat, a-lí-illatti occurs in PBS 11/2 ll. 1227–1228. a-lí-ṣi-ma-at occurs in Çiǧ and Kizilyay 1965, 55 (Ni 10137 obv. iv).

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199. CUNES 52-17-085 Measurements: 63*×73×22 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la) Obverse 1 [m?]a-lí-a-hi 2 [m?]˹a˺-lí-a-ha-ti 3 [m?]˹a-lí˺-illatti Reverse Erased

Remarks 3. Parallels PBS 11/2 l. 1228. 200. CUNES 49-13-160 Measurements: 68×72×20 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la) Obverse 1 a-hi-e-d[a] 2 a-hi-illat!(KASKAL) 3 a-hi--rêq(SUD.RA) 4 puzur4-dšamaš Reverse Blank

Remarks 2. Parallels PBS 11/2 l. 1228. 201. CUNES 50-02-035 Measurements: 75×73×24 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 nu-úr-dsuen 2 nu-úr-den-líl 3 nu-úr-dda-mu Reverse Blank

Remarks Peterson 2011, 255 places names beginning with nu- úr-in the category of “Miscellaneous Unplaced PN Lists.”The sequence nu-úr-den-líl, nu-úr-dsuen occurs in PBS 11/2 ll. 1490, 1491. 202. CUNES 50-02-086 Measurements: 83×81×28 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names

Obverse 1 nu-úr-é-[a] 2 nu-úr-dšamaš 3 nu-úr-dsuen Reverse Blank

Remarks Peterson 2011, 255 places names beginning with nu- úr-in the category of “Miscellaneous Unplaced PN Lists.” The sequence nu-úr-é-a, nu-úr-dšamaš occurs in Çiǧ and Kizilyay 1965, 46 (Ni 10102+10107), where they are preceded by nu-úr-dsuen. 3. Parallels PBS ll/2 l. 1491. 203. CUNES 50-02-095 Measurements: 84×82×28 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 nu-úr-dšamaš 2 nu-úr-dsuen 3 nu-úr-den-líl Reverse Blank

Remarks Peterson 2011, 255 places names beginning with nu- úr-in the category of “Miscellaneous Unplaced PN Lists.” 2. Parallels PBS ll/2 l. 1491.

Type IV (Unparalleled) It is likely all the entries beginning with a-are variants of the Nippur list A-a-kal-la (PBS 11/2). Due to lack of parallels, however, we did not classify them under that rubric. 204. CUNES 51-07-092 Measurements: 75×73×21 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 a-hu-dan-nu-u[m] 2 a-hu-li-im-nu-um 3 a-hu-˹x˺-[(x?)]-˹x˺ Reverse Lost

Akkadian Personal Name Lists

107

Remarks

Remarks

For the sequence of a-hu- names in A-a-kal-la (PBS 11/2), see PBS 11/2 ll. 1011ff. These particular names, however, do not occur.

For the sequence of a-lí-names in A-a-kal-la (PBS 11/2), see PBS 11/2 ll. 1188ff. The names preserved here, however, do not occur in the published list. The restoration of the signature is based on text 372.

205. CUNES 53-02-132 Measurements: 79×78×30 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 ma-hu-˹mu˺-[x]-te-˹x˺-[(x?)] 2 ma-hu-mu-[x]-DI 3 [m]˹a˺-hu-mu-ta-b[íl] Reverse 1 [m]a-hu-mu-˹x˺-x-˹x˺-NI 2 ma-hu-mu-˹x-DI˺ 3 ˹m˺a-hu-mu-ta-[bí]l

208. CUNES 51-09-140 Measurements: 68*×68×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 a-lí-˹sa?˺-[x] 2 a-lí-sa-ni-a 3 a-lí-˹x˺-arad?-a Reverse Blank

Remarks

See remarks for text 207.

See remarks for 204. 206. CUNES 50-02-133 Measurements: 63×67×23 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 a-hu-x-ab-rē’ûm(SIPAD) 2 a-[x]-˹x˺-ab-we-di- ~im 3 [x-x]-˹x˺-ab-ta-˹x-x˺- ~˹tum˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks 2. For the use of wēdum in personal names, see CAD E 36–37. 207. CUNES 51-09-135 Measurements: 70*×76×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 a-lí-a-hi 2 a-lí-a-ha-ti 3 [a]-˹lí˺-a-bi written below the line: {indent} im ur-dEN.˹ZU?˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks 209. CUNES 50-02-104 Measurements: 88×89×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 ˹a˺-mur-ìl 2 a-mur-dsuen 3 a-mur-dadad Reverse 1 a-mur-ìl 2 a-mur-dsuen 3 a-mur-dadad

Remarks Names beginning with the sequence a-mur- occur in the “Diverse Initial Element PN List” (Peterson 2011, 250). 2. Parallels PBS 11/3 l. 1690. 210. CUNES 50-02-036 Measurements: 70×66×23 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [a]-na-ah 2 a-na-ah-ìl 3 [a]-na-ah-é-a Reverse Blank

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211. CUNES 51-09-128 Measurements: 68×67×33 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [ . . . ]-an-˹na˺-[ . . . ] 2 [x-n]a-˹ri-na˺-[ . . . ] 3 a-na-AN-[ . . . ] written below the line: {indent} im ur-˹x-x˺ {indent} AN Reverse {indent} AN-ba-ni {indent} AN-ba-ni

Remarks The reverse is blank, except for two lines of text written in the center of the tablet and oriented so the tablet must be flipped 180 degrees. 212. CUNES 49-09-169 Measurements: 93×92×23 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [ . . . ] 2 ma-[ . . . ] 3 ma-x-[ . . . ] Reverse 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 213. CUNES 50-02-047 Measurements: 85×83×27 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [aš]-qú-du-um 2 aš-qú-da-nu-um 3 aš-la-kum written below the line: {indented} an-na-lim {indented} puzur4-dšamaš {indented} m˹x-x-x-NI˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. For this name, see CAD A/II 340. 2. See CAD A/II 452. 3. aš-la-kum is not attested otherwise as a personal name. However, for the case of a profession used as a name, see gallābu, CAD G 16. 214. CUNES 51-09-127 Measurements: 85×85×30 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 gi-gi-i-a 2 gi-na-a-a 3 gi-[nag]-tum written below the line: {indent} ˹im ur-dx-(x?)˺ Reverse Blank 215. CUNES 50-04-152 Measurements: 71×45*×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 ṭāb-ì-[lí- . . .] 2 ṭāb-ì-lí-[ . . . ] 3 ṭāb-ì-lí-[ . . . ] Reverse Blank 216. CUNES 52-03-030 Measurements: 77×75×26 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mi-bi-ik-dšágan?(KIŠ) 2 mi-bi-ik-dinana 3 mi-bi-ik-dx-[..] Reverse 1 mi-bi-ik-d[x-x] 2 mi-bi-ik-d[inana] 3 mi-bi-ik-dx-[..]

Remarks The sequence i-bi-ik-dda-gan, i-bi-ik-dé-a, i-bi-ik-eš4- tár occurs in PBS 11/1 ll. 281–283. 1.The divine name dKIŠ is read by Peterson 2009 as Šakkan, DDCLT reads Sumukan (cf. OB Nippur

Akkadian Personal Name Lists

God List l. 104). For references, see Peterson 2009, 57. 217. CUNES 50-02-094 Measurements: 82×80×24 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 i-dur-dnirah 2 i-dur-dma-m[a] 3 i-dur-dda-gan Reverse Blank 218. CUNES 50-02-099 (See Plate 9) Measurements: 91×88×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 i-ṣur-ìl 2 i-ṣur-é-˹a˺ 3 [i]-ṣur-d˹x˺ Reverse Traces of three separate erased exercises identifiable by the disparate direction of the signs. 219. CUNES 50-08-110 Measurements: 74×78×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 di-šar-ki-di-[su] 2 di-šar-NE-ri-˹su˺ 3 [di-š]ar-ma-ti-[su] Reverse 1 di-šar-ki-di-su 2 di-šar-NE-ri-su 3 [di]-šar-ma-ti-su doodling below the line

Remarks For these names, see Tanret 2002, 123. 220. CUNES 52-17-080 Measurements: 71*×77*×27 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mi-tu-ra-am

109

2 mi-ku-ú-a 3 mi-ki-ha-pa-ar Reverse 1 [mi-tu]-r[a-am] 2 [mi-ku]-ú-a 3 [mi-ku]-ha-pa-ar 221. CUNES 50-02-141 Measurements: 90×83×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 -ì-lí-[x] 2 ì-lí-sa-t[u?] 3 ì-lí-mah-r[í?] Reverse Blank

Remarks 2. Tentative restoration based on an Ur III personal name—e.g., AUCT 1 41, obv. l. 3 (P102887) and CUSAS 3 1473 rev. l. 4 P322471. 3. Tentative restoration based on the Old Akkadian PN ì-lí-mah-ri(2). 222. CUNES 50-10-024 Measurements: 66×75×18 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 ma-nu-um-ba-lu-bàd-˹x˺ 2 ma-nu-um-ba-lu-ša 3 ma-nu-um-ba-lu-saĝ-˹x˺ Reverse Lost 223. CUNES 52-20-322 Measurements: 76×77×26 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mmu-˹x˺-da-mu 2 mmu-˹x˺-da-a-ni 3 mmu-du10-ga Reverse written in the middle of the tablet, rotated 90 degrees to the right: d nanna-palil

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Remarks Reverse For IGI.DU read palil in the name Nanna-palil, see Limet 1968, 256. 224. CUNES 50-02-102 Measurements: 85×86×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 nu-úr-d[nin-kar-ra-ak] 2 nu-úr-˹ma-ti-šu˺ 3 nu-úr-[dnin-ha-bu-da] Reverse 1 nu-úr-dnin-kar-ra-ak 2 nu-úr-ma-ti-šu 3 nu-úr-dnin-ha-bu-da

Remarks For “Miscellaneous Unplaced PN Lists” beginning with Nu-úr-DN, see Peterson 2011, 255. 225. CUNES 48-07-127 Measurements: 76×71×24 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 puzur4-dx(-x?) 2 puzur4-dda-[mu?] d 3 KA- [ . . . ] Reverse Blank

Remarks For “Miscellaneous Unplaced PN Lists” beginning with Puzur4-DN, see Peterson 2011, 255. 226. CUNES 50-02-097 Measurements: 85×85×27 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 ṣa-bi-tum 2 ṣa-bi-nu-ur-tum 3 ṣa-bi-i-a Reverse Blank

227. CUNES 50-02-079 Measurements: 85×87×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 ˹ša˺-at-ì-lí 2 ša-at-ì-lí-˹a˺ 3 ša-at-ì-lí-[šu] Reverse Blank

Remarks For “Miscellaneous Unplaced PN Lists” beginning with Ša-at-DN, see Peterson 2011, 255 228. CUNES 50-02-091 Measurements: 76×78×26 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [š]a-at-ku-[ku] 2 [š]a-at-lu-[lu] 3 [š]a-at-ku-˹x˺ Reverse 1 [š]a-at-ku-ku 2 [š]a-at-lu-lu 3 ˹ša-at-ku-x˺ 229. CUNES 50-04-184 Measurements: 60×67×26 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 ša-at-d[ . . . ] 2 ša-at-dda-g[an] 3 ša-at-d˹nirah˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks See remarks to text 227. 230. CUNES 50-08-106 Measurements: 87×88×27 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names

Akkadian Personal Name Lists

Obverse 1 ša-at-é-a 2 ša-at-ku-bi 3 ša-at-dna-na-a Reverse 1 ša-at-é-a 2 ša-at-ku-bi 3 ša-at-dna-na-a

Remarks See remarks to text 227. 231. CUNES 51-10-086 Measurements: 75×74×23 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 šu-dadad 2 šu-dsuen 3 šu-dza-ba4-ba4 Reverse Three line rulings with doodling

Remarks Names beginning with Šu- occur in the “Diverse Initial Element PN List” (Peterson 2011, 250). 232. CUNES 52-02-042 Measurements: 62×63×18 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 šu-dM[UG] 2 šu-dillat 3 šu-dnin-hur-saĝ-ĝá Reverse doodling above the line 1 šu-dMUG 2 ˹šu˺-d[ill]at([KASKAL].KUR) 3 [šu]-˹dnin-hur-saĝ-ĝá˺ written below the line: [(x?)] ˹x x x x˺

Remarks See remarks to text 231. The reverse is rotated 90 degrees to the right.

111

233. CUNES 50-02-110 Measurements: 68×80×24 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [ . . . ]-˹x-x-x˺ 2 [i]-zu-a-ri-iq 3 [ì]-lí-a-ri-iq Reverse Blank 234. CUNES 52-10-174 Measurements: 61×58×19 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 ì-lí-a-x-ma-a[r?] 2 ta-x-la-a-ku Reverse 1 ì-lí-a-x-[ma-ar?] 2 ta-x-la-[a-ku]

Remarks The reverse is rotated 90 degrees to the right. 1. The traces of the x do not resemble the expected ta- sign. 235. CUNES 50-06-022 Measurements: 66*×59*×23* Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [z]i?-zi-i 2 [z]i?-na-a 3 [z]i?-na-˹ìl˺ Reverse Lost 236. CUNES 50-02-109 Measurements: 80×78×28 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [x]-MUŠ 2 [x]- na-nu-u[m] 3 [x]-ru-uš-[x] Reverse Blank

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237. CUNES 50-02-121 Measurements: 71×71×20 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [x]-˹x˺-nu-um 2 [x]-˹x˺-ab-ni 3 a-hu-x-ru-um Reverse Blank 238. CUNES 50-02-122 Measurements: 70×76×21 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [š]u?-dna-na-a 2 ˹a˺-h[u-w]a-qàr 3 nu-úr-˹d˺káb-t[a] Reverse 1 eš4-tár-ba-ni-at 2 eš4-tár-ri-ša-at 3 eš4-tár-na-da

Remarks Names beginning with eš4-tár- occur in the “Diverse Initial Element PN List” (Peterson 2011, 250). 239. CUNES 49-08-138 Measurements: 82×78×20 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names? Obverse 1 mpa-˹x˺-ti 2 mpa-˹x˺-ni 3 m˹x˺-IŠ Reverse 1 mpa-[ . . . ]-ti 2 mpa-˹x˺-ni 3 m˹x˺-IŠ

Remarks The first two signs of each line after the Personenkeil are faint and difficult to discern, almost as if they had been erased, while the remaining sign stands out. CUNES 51-04-041 Measurements: 67×67×29

Contents: Obverse: Animals; Reverse: Akkadian Personal Names **For transliteration, see s.v. Ura 3

Wide-Ruled Type III 240. CUNES 50-02-074 Measurements: 76*×75×24 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la?) Obverse (beginning of obverse lost) 1′ [m . . .]-˹x˺ 2′ ˹ma˺-bu-˹x˺ 3′ ma-ta-na-ah 4′ ma-ta-ta 5′ [m]˹a˺-su4 6′ ma-su4-x 7′ ma-mi-ni 8′ ma-mi-ni-x 9′ [ma]-na 10′ [ma]-na-{erasure}-ni 11′ [ma]-ba 12′ [ma]-gu 13′ [ma]-˹ki˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks Obverse 3′. For the name a-ta-na-ah, see Stamm 1939, 163. 241. CUNES 48-06-486 Measurements: 88×64×29 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la?) Obverse 1 ma-bi-ma-ri 2 [m]a-bi-a-na-ab 3 [m]a-bi-a-da-ga 4 ma-bi-a-ra-kam 5 ma-bi-a-sa-lim 6 ma-bi-a-sa-ar 7 [m]a-bi-ú-DU-[x] 8 [m]˹a˺-bi-ú-˹x˺-[x] 9 [m]˹a˺-bi-ú-LAGAB-ra

Akkadian Personal Name Lists

Reverse 1 ma-bi-ú-ri-˹x˺ 2 ma-bi-ú-é

Remarks The tablet is divided into two columns, with a narrow left-hand column containing just the Personenkeil and a wide right-hand column containing the remainder of the name. 242. CUNES 49-13-173 Measurements: 77*×100×33 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la?) Obverse 1 [ . . . ] 2 [ . . . ] 3 ˹a-bi-den˺-[x] 4 ˹a-bi-x-šu˺-x 5 ˹a˺-[bí]-é-a 6 [a]-˹bí˺-dda-gan 7 a-˹bí-a-x˺ 8 ˹a-bí-ì-lí˺-[a] 9 ˹a-bí-ì-lí˺[-(x?)] Reverse 1 [a]-˹bi˺-[x-x] 2 ˹a-bi˺-den-[x] 3 [a]-˹bi˺-den-[x] 4 [a]-˹bi˺-[x]-˹šu˺-[x] 5 [a]-˹bi?-é-a˺ 6 ˹a-bí-dda-gan˺ 7 ˹a-bí-a-x˺ 8 [a-bí-ì]-˹lí˺-a 9 [a-bí-ì-lí-(x?)] 243. CUNES 50-04-164 Measurements: 75×75×20 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la?) Obverse 1 ma-di-ma-ti-ì-lí 2 ma-di-ma-ti-eš4-tár 3 ma-bu-ni 4 ma-bu-ni-ma Reverse Blank

113

244. CUNES 49-03-023 Measurements: 70×51×17 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (A-a-kal-la?) Obverse 1 ˹m˺a-hu-[x] 2 ma-hu-NI-˹x˺ 3 ma-hu-NI-˹x˺ 4 ma-hu-nim 5 ma-hu-tà-bu-um 6 ma-hu-wa-er 7 {erased} written on the bottom edge: ˹ x x x x˺ Reverse Erased 245. CUNES 48-06-404 Measurements: 111*×95×26 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mden-líl-bu-ud-˹x-x˺ 2 mden-líl-˹i-x-x-x˺ 3 mden-líl-mu-ta-bil 4 mden-líl-˹x-x˺-šu 5 mden-líl-wa-˹x˺-a-ni 6 mden-líl-˹x-x˺-ha-lim 7 mden-líl-˹x-x˺ 8 [md]˹en-líl-x˺-ba-˹x˺ 9 [mden-líl]-ri-˹x-x˺-[(x?)] (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse Lined with Personenkeil at the beginning of each line; the remainder was erased. There is a single NE preserved on the line in the upper right-hand corner. 246. CUNES 49-13-169 Measurements: 91×63×24 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [ì]-˹lí-nu˺-[ri] 2 ˹ì˺-lí-ṭāb(SA6.GA) ˹ ˺ 3 ì-lí- x 4 ì-na-a-˹a˺ 5 ì-na-a-ni 6 ˹ì-na˺-a-bi 7 [ì-na-a]-da

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Reverse Blank 247. CUNES 49-13-168 Measurements: 77×61×23 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mmu-na-we-er 2 mmu-ba-lí-iṭ 3 mmu-ha-zi-ir! 4 mmu-uš-ta-še- ~er 5 mmu-pa-hi-ir! 6 mmu-˹ha˺-mi-iṭ Reverse 1 mmu-da-mi-iq (remainder of reverse blank) 248. CUNES 48-11-108 Measurements: 48×43×19 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 d[ . . . ] 2 dsuen-na-˹x˺ 3 dsuen-tab-˹x˺ 4 dsuen-ì-˹lí˺- ~ba-˹šu˺ 5 dsuen-[ . . . ] Reverse 1 ì-lí-a-a-ba-aš 2 a-lí-a-bi 3 i-bi-dsuen 4 dnanna-˹x-x-x˺ d 5 lú- nanna d 6 lugal- mar-tu 249. CUNES 48-06-294 Measurements: 81*×74×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mdsuen-mu-ša-lim 2 mdsuen-na-ši 3 mmu-ha-di-tum 4 ˹mx-x˺-da-tum 5 [m . . .]-dsuen

(remainder of obverse lost) Reverse (beginning of reverse lost) 1′ [m]d˹x-x˺-[ . . . ] 2′ mi-˹x˺-[x]-˹x˺ 3′ mdšamaš-[x]-{erased} 4′ m{erased} 5′ m{erased} 250. CUNES 48-09-168 Measurements: 100×70×22 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mdšamaš-ilum 2 mdšamaš-ba-ni 3 mdšamaš-ni-šu 4 mdšamaš-ma-at 5 mdšamaš-a-a-ba-aš 6 [m]dšamaš-a-a-ha-aš 7 [md]šamaš-ha-zi-ir 8 [mdšam]aš-na-ab-ni Reverse 1 [m]dšamaš-i-bu-ub-bu 2 mma 3 mì--da-na-tum Double Ruling

Remarks Presumably a variant of the Theophoric Personal Name List (Peterson 2011, 251). Obverse 2.This name is attested in Çiǧ and Kizilyay 1965, 47 (Ni 5080); PBS 11/1 l. 133. 251. CUNES 48-06-405 Measurements: 41*×62*×11* Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1′ [m]˹a?-a?˺-[ . . . ] 2′ [m]i-re-˹x˺-[x] 3′ ˹m˺ku-ub-bu-ut-˹x˺ 4′ ˹m˺dna-na-a-a-bi Reverse Lost

Akkadian Personal Name Lists

252. CUNES 48-06-506 Measurements: 83*×89×23 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mì-lí-a-a-ba-aš 2 mKU-PIRIĜ-na-hu-da-di 3 mšamaš-da-a-an 4 mku-bu-{erasure}-lum 5 mza-ak-za!-ga 6 [m . . .]-di (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse (beginning of reverse lost) 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [m]˹x-x-x-x-x˺ 3 [m]iš-du-ki-i[n] 4 mqí-iš-ti-dnin-šubur 5 mAN-DI-e-DI 253. CUNES 48-07-129 Measurements: 81×71×21 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mdšamaš-ga-mil 2 mu-bar-dšamaš 3 md˹šamaš˺-ni-šu 4 mdšamaš-a-a-ba-aš 5 mdsuen-ni-šu 6 mé-kur-ṣulūlu(SAĜ.TAB)-šamê(AN.NÉ) 7 mé-a-ra-bi Reverse 1 mdšamaš-ra-bi 2 mdšamaš-di-nam-i-di 3 mdšamaš-mu-di 4 mdE[N- . . .]-mu-kam doodling below the line

Remarks The tablet is divided into two columns with a narrow left-hand column containing the Personenkeil.

Obverse 1. Parallels PBS 11/2 l. 550. Reverse 1. Parallels PBS 11/1 l. 131. 254. CUNES 48-08-187 Measurements: 87×80×22 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mdsuen-re-˹me˺-[ni] 2 mden-líl-na-ad-n[i] 3 mden-líl-ì-[lí] 4 mdšamaš-šu-nu-˹x˺-[(x?)] 5 mdlíl-na-ad-[ni] 6 mì-lí-bi-la-an-n[i] 7 mì-lí-i-˹x-x˺ 8 mdšamaš-ṣulūlum(AN.DÙL) Reverse 1 mbi-tum-˹x˺-[x-x] 2 me-til-pi4-d[x] 3 mmarduk-ì-[lí]

Remarks Obverse 1. Parallels PBS 11/1 l. 111. Reverse 2. Cf. PBS 11/1 l. 239ff. 255. CUNES 48-09-170 Measurements: 84×64×27 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mdsuen-at-ri-lim 2 mrē’(SIPAD)-mātim(KALAM.MA) 3 mud-da-bi-ti 4 mdadad-˹x˺ 5 ì-lí-tab-ba-[x] 6 mdsuen-a-˹li-x˺-da 7 ma-˹na-x-x-x(-x?)˺ Reverse 1 m(remainder of line blank) 2 m(remainder of line blank) 3 m(remainder of line blank) 4 m(remainder of line blank) 5 m(remainder of line blank) 6 m(remainder of line blank) 7 mdnisaba

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256. CUNES 48-10-033 Measurements: 84×67×24 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mKU-˹x-x˺-[x] 2 mili(DIĜIR.ĜU10)-KU-PIRIĜ 3 mdsuen-˹x-x˺-al 4 mdsuen-˹iš˺-me-˹a-ni˺ 5 mdsuen-x-˹x˺ 6 mdsuen-im-[x] Reverse 1 m[ . . . ] 2 m[ . . . ] 3 m[ . . . ] 4 m[ . . . ] 5 m(remainder of line blank) 6 m(remainder of line blank) 257. CUNES 48-11-100 Measurements: 80*×79×34 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mdsuen-ba-ni 2 [m]ì-lí-a-tar 3 ˹m˺ì-lí-a-a-˹ba-ni!˺ 4 [m]suen-ma-lik 5 [m]dšamaš-ga-mi-il (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse (beginning of reverse lost) 1′ [mdšamaš?]-˹ba-ni˺ 2′ [m . . .]-˹dšamaš˺ 3′ md˹suen˺-ilum 4′ ˹mx-x˺-dnanna 5′ ˹mdsuen-mu-di˺ 258. CUNES 48-11-102 Measurements: 96×68×29 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [mì-l]í-ši-bi-˹tum˺ 2 [mb]e-el-a-bu-šu 3 [mx]-a-bu-šu 4 [mx?]-˹x˺-a-ra-kam 5 [ml]ú?-dnin-šubur-ka 6 [m]nanna-a-bu 7 mri-mi-eš18-tár

ì-lí-ma-lik ì-lí-hu-bu-ul- ~li-ia Reverse 1 mì-lí-uṣ-ra-an-ni 2 mì-lí-ut-ta-ad-di-ni 3 mì-lí-ma-˹x˺ 4 mì-lí-i-mi-ti 5 man-na-mi-šu-˹x-x˺ 6 mKU-PIRIĜ-AN-ra-an-˹da-li˺ 7 mKU-PIRIĜ-˹x-x˺-ri 8 mKU-PIRIĜ-na-x-un-˹šu˺ 9 ˹mlú-x˺-KU 10 [m . . .]-na-tum 8 9

m m

259. CUNES 48-11-103 Measurements: 119×83×28 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [m]dsuen-wa-ra-[x] 2 [m]˹dnanna˺-ma-˹x-x˺ 3 [m]é-mah-ra-bi 4 mmi-˹iš?˺-gu4-ul 5 mdnanna-hé-ĝá[l] 6 mdnin-bala-[x] Reverse 1 mé-a-da-[a-an] 2 mú-x-i-di-gíd-da 3 md˹šamaš˺-da-a-an 4 mdšamaš-x-ĜAR-x-[ . . . ] 5 md˹šul˺-gi-[ . . . ] (remainder of reverse lost) 260. CUNES 49-03-019 Measurements: 79×67×20 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 msi-im-ra-nu-um 2 mri-im-dsuen{over erasure}- ~i-di-ib-b[u] 3 mri-im-dsuen- ~ma-ti-tu-ri-i-ti-ni-ti-iq 4 ia-ak-kum-pa-ka- ~az 5 Blank Reverse 1 m(remainder of line blank)

Akkadian Personal Name Lists

2 3 4 5 6

(remainder of line blank) (remainder of line blank) m (remainder of line blank) m (remainder of line blank) m nu-úr-a-hi-[x-(x?)] m m

261. CUNES 49-03-020 Measurements: 75×60×20 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mlú-dnin-urta 2 mx-eš18-tár 3 [md]suen-pa-ṭe-e[r] 4 [m(x?-)]˹x-x˺-dšamaš 5 [m(x?-)]˹x˺-PI-x 6 [mx-(x?)]-ši-na Reverse 1 [ . . . ]-a-hi 2 [ . . . ]-eš18-tár 3 [ . . . ]-da?-a ~[ . . . ] 4 {erased} written over the line divider between ll. 4 and 5: [ . . . ]-˹x-den˺-{erased} 5 {erased} 6 [m?]dsuen-{erased} 262. CUNES 49-03-021 Measurements: 47*×58×22 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mdsuen-e-mu-˹qí˺ 2 mdsuen-an-dùl-lí 3 ma-bu-zu-ú 4 mdsuen-ab-bi (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse (beginning of reverse lost) 1′ mzi-[x-x]-˹šu˺ 2′ mši-ni-ši-mu-UG 3′ ma-hu-šu-nu 4′ m[d]šamaš-mu-ba-ni-šu-ri 5′ [dE]N.ZU-˹mu-di˺ Edge [ . . . ]-ta

263. CUNES 49-03-022 Measurements: 95×71×23 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mì-lí-˹ga˺-[mi?-il?] 2 mgu-˹x-x-x˺ 3 mì-lí-ma-˹x-x˺ 4 mgi-mi-ìl-˹dx-x-˺ ~˹x˺ 5 m˹ìl˺-šu-nu-wa{over erasure}-qar 6 ma-lí-mu-ta-li Reverse 1 mri-im!-dsuen 2 ma-bi-i-x-x 3 ma-bu-um-ha-{erasure}-x 4 mdsuen-ri-˹im˺-[ . . . ] 5 mAN-˹x-x˺-{erasure}-MU 6 m˹x˺-[x]-˹x˺-[ . . . ] 264. CUNES 49-08-131 Measurements: 52*×68×23 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mdsuen-im-gur-an-ni 2 mì-lí-ia-a-tum 3 mì-lí-ga-mi-il 4 ˹mdsuen-ì-lí˺ (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse (beginning of reverse lost) 1′ ˹mdšamaš-x˺-[x-(x?)] 2′ mdsuen-at-˹x˺-[(x?)] 3′ mì-lí-sukkallu 4′ mdgu-la-um-mi 265. CUNES 49-11-074 Measurements: 55×68×24 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse (beginning of obverse lost) 1′ ˹mx-dšamaš˺ 2′ mdsuen-i-[x] 3′ mkar-gu-ú 4′ mdsuen-[x-(x?)] (remainder of obverse lost)

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Reverse (beginning of reverse lost) 1′ ˹mx-x˺-[ . . . ] (remainder of reverse blank) 266. CUNES 49-13-171 Measurements: 55×79×26 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse Beginning of obverse broken 1′ ˹mdšamaš ˺-[ . . . ] 2′ mdšamaš-˹na-ad˺-ni 3′ mdšamaš-ìl 4′ mdsuen-ga-mi-il 5′ mdšamaš-illat Reverse 1 milu-ba-ni 2 milu-rē’û 3 milu-re-[ . . . ] 4 m[ . . . ] (remainder of reverse broken) 267. CUNES 49-13-177 Measurements: 44*×57×22 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mzu-ma-bu-um 2 mtu-ra-am-˹ìl˺ 3 mhu-ra-˹za˺-tum 4 [m . . .]-˹x-x-x˺ (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse Blank 268. CUNES 50-02-060 Measurements: 94×77×32 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mdšamaš-x-x-ha 2 ì-lí-ba-an-ni 3 md!šamaš-ni-šu 4 ì!-lí-a-a-ba-rum 5 mdšamaš-ilum 6 ma-na-ah 7 mdšamaš-a-a-ba-rum

Reverse 1 mu-bar-dšamaš 2 mu-bar-dsuen 3 mu-bar-dsuen 4 mlu-mu-ur-ì-lí Double ruling

Remarks The tablet is divided into two columns, a narrow left-hand column just containing the Personenkeil and a larger right-h and column with the name. 269. CUNES 50-02-062 Measurements: 78×46×19 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mim-˹x˺ 2 mim-lik 3 mku-bi 4 mpa-ṭa-ir 5 mpa-da-ni 6 mri-iš! 7 mri-ša-at 8 mmu-ta-še-ta-da-x-ma 9 mAN-mu-ú Double ruling Reverse Lost

Remarks This exercise introduces the nominal or verbal components of what are likely theophoric personal names. 270. CUNES 50-05-086 Measurements: 69×60×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse (beginning of obverse lost) 1′ [md]šamaš-[x] 2′ mdsuen-ba-ni 3′ mdsuen-ilum 4′ mi-bi-dEN.Z[U] (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse (beginning of reverse lost)

Akkadian Personal Name Lists

1′ [m . . . ] 2′ ˹m˺[ . . . ] 3′ m[ . . . ] 4′ m[ . . . ] (remainder of reverse lost) 271. CUNES 50-06-019 Measurements: 88×73×25 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse (beginning of obverse lost) 1′ [mEN.]ZU-mu-[ . . . ] 2′ ˹md˺šamaš-ba-˹ni˺ 3′ mdsuen-ma!-lik 4′ mdsuen-[ì]-lí 5′ mdšamaš-ha-zi-ir 6′ mdadad-ga-mi-il 7′ ma-hu-ni 8′ mdsuen-qar-ra-ad 9′ ma-˹bí˺-dmar-tu 10′ [. . . d]gibil6 Reverse written in the center of the tablet: 1 {indent} zé-er!-dmar-tu 2 {indent} zé!-er! 272. CUNES 50-07-007 Measurements: 104×78×34 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [m]d˹suen˺-[x-x] ~ra-[(x?)] md suen-˹x-x-x-x˺- 2 ~iš-ti 3 ma-na-dadad-abul-ra-KU 4 mdšamaš-i-na-a-a 5 ma-bi-iš-ta-mar 6 mi-na-ša-DIŠ-x-PI-zum Reverse 1 [m . . .]-ki-rīşim(Á.TAH) 2 mli-pí-iṭ-èr-ra 3 mdi-šar-pà-da- 4 mdnin-ezen-na-muš double line ruling large blank space with erased doodling

119

Remarks Reverse 3. For the deity di-šar-pà-da, see Lambert 1976–80, 174. 273. CUNES 50-09-038 Measurements: 87×78×28 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mdri-im-dsuen- ~ì-šu 2 mdsuen-ilum 3 mú-ba-a-a-˹tum˺ 4 mnu-úr-d˹inana˺ 5 mnu-úr-ì-lí-˹šu˺ Reverse 1 [md]ri-im-dsuen-ì-šu 2 [m]dsuen-ilum 3 mú-ba-a-a-tum 4 mnu-úr-dinana double line ruling m nu-úr-ì-lí-˹šu˺ 5 274. CUNES 50-09-039 Measurements: 120×105×28 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse (beginning of obverse lost) 1′ m(remainder of line blank) 2′ m(remainder of line blank) 3′ m(remainder of line blank) 4′ m(remainder of line blank) 5′ m(remainder of line blank) 6′ [m](remainder of line blank) Reverse 1 m(remainder of line blank) 2 m(remainder of line blank) 3 m(remainder of line blank) 4 mdadad-mu-ba-lí-iṭ 275. CUNES 51-09-130 Measurements: 91×60×28 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [m](remainder of line blank) 2 [m](remainder of line blank) 3 [m](remainder of line blank) 4 m(remainder of line blank)

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5 m(remainder of line blank) 6 m(remainder of line blank) 7 m(remainder of line blank) 8 m(remainder of line blank) 9 m(remainder of line blank) 10 m(remainder of line blank) Reverse 1 nu-úr-ì-lí-šu Double Ruling 276. CUNES 52-02-049 Measurements: 62×50×22 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mṭāb-ì-lí-šu 2 mdsuen-be-˹el?˺-ša-úrim ~{indent}ki md 3 šamaš-ìl-su-˹x˺-ni 4 me-ri-ba-a-˹a˺ 5 mri-iš-be-lí 6 ma-da-a-a-ni-tum Reverse 1 mwarad-dmar-tu 2 milu-na-da 3 mdšamaš-ga-mi-í[l] 4 mdšamaš-ba-ni double ruling

Remarks Obverse 2. This name follows the pattern of names such as dsuen-šar-urimki. We would expect dsuen-bel- urimki, but the scribe seems to have written out the grammatically incorrect form be-˹el?˺-ša-urimki. Reverse 3. Parallels Çiǧ and Kizilyay 1965, 49 (Ni 5080), PBS 11/2 l. 549. 4. Parallels Çiǧ and Kizilyay 1965, 47 (Ni 5080), PBS 11/2 l. 519. 277. CUNES 53-02-129 Measurements: 85*×70*×32 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-[x] 2′ [ . . . ]-x-ba-ni 3′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-sú-ni-šu 4′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-x-ìl

5′ [ . . . ]-x-zi-˹x˺ Reverse 1′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-a-a-ba-[(x?)] Double line ruling 2′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-(x?)-x-dšamaš Double line ruling

Type III 278. CUNES 48-06-488 Measurements: 85×47×33 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 ˹x-x˺-a-hu-ni 2 [x-x]-˹x-zu?˺ 3 [ . . . ]-˹x˺-ha-˹x?˺ 4 [ . . . ]-tum 5 [ . . . ]-an-ni-a-am 6 [ . . . ]-x-NE 7 ˹x˺-[ . . . ]-x-NI-˹x-x˺ 8 ˹x˺-[ . . . ]-˹x˺ 9 ˹x˺-[ . . . ]-˹x˺ 10 ˹x˺-[ . . . ]-˹x˺ 11 i-˹x˺-[ . . . ]-˹x˺ 12 i-na-[ . . . ]-˹x-x(-x?)˺ 13 ˹x˺-[ . . . ]-˹x-x-x˺ 14 ˹x˺-[ . . . ]-˹x-x˺ Reverse 1 šu?-x-x 2 i-na-an-ni-˹x˺ 3 a-hu-UD-˹x˺ 4 ˹lu˺-mu-ur (remainder of reverse blank) 279. CUNES 48-08-210 Measurements: 59×42×26 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 mnu-úr-d[en]-zu 2 meš-tár-HA@g 3 msum-ma-[x-(x?)]-˹x-x˺ 4 m˹i-bi˺-[x]-˹x-x˺ 5 m˹x˺-[ . . . ] 6 mAŠ.AŠ-[ . . . ] 7 mṭá-bu-um-ma-lik 8 meš-tár-ši-a-˹x˺ 9 mza-mu!-re

Akkadian Personal Name Lists

Reverse Blank 280. CUNES 48-09-171 Measurements: 75×52×22 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [m . . .]-˹x-x˺ 2 [m]˹ì˺-lí-˹a-x-x˺ 3 [m]˹x˺-a-tum 4 [m]˹x-x-x˺ 5 ma-bí-˹x˺ 6 ma-bí-ad-ni-tim 7 m˹x-x˺-i-na 8 m˹x-x˺ 9 mim-gur-šu-ni 10 m˹ab˺-ba-ni-ilum 11 [m]˹x˺-ni-˹x-x˺ 12 [m]˹x-x-x-x-x˺ Reverse 1 ma-bí-ì-lí 2 ma-bí-ì-lí-šu-ni 3 mad-ni-dnin-ti double line ruling (remainder of reverse erased) 281. CUNES 50-07-008 Measurements: 96*×68×30 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse (beginning of obverse lost) 1′ [ . . . ] double line ruling 2′ [m]pa-ni 3′ mpa-an-ni 4′ [mpa]-da-ni 5′ [mpa]-at-ti 6′ [m]pa-lu-ú 7′ [m]pa-lu-šu 8′ [m]pa-ki-á 9′ [mp]a-ṭe-er 10′ [mpa]-la-šu 11′ [mx]-PI 12′ [mx]-PI 13′ [mP]I-la-HAR 14′ [mx]-iš-˹x˺ Reverse 1′ [mx]-˹x-da˺-[x]

2′ ˹mPI˺-[x] 3′ mPI-DU 4′ mPI-zum 5′ mP[I]-la 6′ [m]la-ma-˹har˺ 7′ [m]la-ma-sà-ni 8′ [m]la-ma-sà-šu 9′ [ml]a-ma-sà-˹di?˺ 10′ [m]˹la˺-ma-ha-ši 11′ [ . . . ]-˹x x x˺-[ . . . ] 12′ [ . . . ] (remainder of reverse lost) side: [( . . . ) be?-e]l? mbe-el-˹x˺-ši- ~LUM doodling on bottom edge 282. CUNES 52-02-053 Measurements: 78×50×19 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 m˹x˺-[x] 2 m˹x-x˺ 3 m˹x-x˺ 4 m˹x-x˺ 5 mmi-x-˹x˺-[x] 6 me-lí-ša-ru-um 7 mše-en-nam 8 mše-du10-ì-lí-ṣulūlum 9 ma-hu-um-mi-šar 10 ˹m˺i-šar-àm Reverse Erased

Wide-Ruled Type I 283. CUNES 49-14-064 Measurements: 192×139*×37 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse col. i 1 [. . .  .] 2 [m . . .]-ta- ~ki-a-ni 3 [m . . .]-˹x-šu-uš~[ . . . ]-˹x-x˺ 4 [mx]-˹x-x˺-ha-la ~kal

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122

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 2 3 4 5 6

ka-la-ma-an- ~sum m ka-mu-kam-A. ~AN m ha-bu-bu m ha-bu-ša m ha-bu-ul m kur-ma-an-[sum] m kur-ša-an-[x] col. ii m [ . . . ] m ì-lí-[ . . . ] m ì-lí-ku-uš-da- ~ni m ka-˹ma˺-ha-la- ~kal m ka-la-ma-an- ~sum m ka-˹mu-kam˺-àm m ha-bu-[bu] m ha-b[u-ša] ˹m ˺ ha -[. . .  .] [. . .  .] [. . .  .] col. iii [ . . . ] [ . . . ] m ì-[lí-ku-uš-da] m ka-[ma-ha-la-kal] m ka-[la-ma-an-sum] m k[a-mu-kam-àm] m

(remainder of column lost) Reverse Lost

Prisms 284. CUNES 52-10-151 Measurements: 42*×88*×60* Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (beginning of face lost) col. i′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [dda?-mu?]-˹x˺-el-la 3′ [dda-m]u-nir-ĝál

4′ [dda-m]u-na-pi4-iš-ti 5′ [dda-m]u-mu-da-mi-˹iq˺ 6′ [dda]-mu-x-x-x 7′ [dda]-mu-i-din-na-šu 8′ [dda]-˹mu˺-ri-sú-šu 9′ [d . . .]-˹x˺-illat 10′ [d . . .]-˹x˺-illat ti 11′ [d . . .]-˹x˺ (remainder of column lost) col. ii′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-DU-˹x˺ 2′ dnin-ki-mu-ba-lí-it 3′ dnuska-ba-ni 4′ dnuska-na-da 5′ dnuska-naqidu(NA.GAD 6′ dnuska-na-ad-ni 7′ dnuska-rē’û 8′ dnuska-re-me-ni 9′ dnuska-amahhum(Á.MAH) 10′ dnuska-a-ta-šu 11′ dsaĝ-kur-ba-ni 12′ ˹dsaĝ-kur˺-na-da (remainder of column lost) col. iii′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [m]˹dnin-ezen˺-[ . . . ] 2′ mdnin-ezen-na-ad-ni 3′ mdnin-ĝeš-zi-da-ba-ni 4′ mdnin-ĝeš-zi-da-na-da 5′ mdnin-ĝeš-zi-da-naqidu 6′ mdnin-ĝeš-zi-da-na-ad-ni 7′ mdgirra-ba-ni 8′ mdgirra-na-da 9′ mdgirra-naqidu 10′ mdgirra-na-ad-ni 11′ mdnergal-ba-ni 12′ mdnergal-na-da 13′ mdnergal-naqidu 14′ ˹mdnergal-na˺-ad-ni 15′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ (remainder of column lost) col. iv′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ ˹mdinana˺-[ . . . ] 2′ mdinana-[ . . . ] 3′ mdinana-[ . . . ]

Akkadian Personal Name Lists

4′ mdinana-[ . . . ] 5′ mdlugal-˹A˺-[ . . . ] 6′ mdlugal-˹A˺-[ . . . ] 7′ mdlugal-˹A˺-[ . . . ] 8′ mdlugal-˹A˺-[ . . . ] 9′ md˹li-x˺-[ . . . ] 10′ [md]˹li-x˺-[ . . . ] 11′ [mdl]i-˹x˺-[ . . . ] (remainder of column lost) (remainder of face lost)

Remarks col iv 5′ff. There are traces of the same sign after the A in each line, which could be the beginning of IGI. dlugal-ér-ra is a possibility (Lambert 1987– 90, 143). 285. CUNES 52-10-152 Measurements: 72*×104×76* Contents: (Akkadian) Personal Names face a′ (beginning of face lost) col. i′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [ . . . ]-˹it˺ 3′ [ . . . ]-˹AN˺ 4′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ 5′ [ . . . ] 6′ [ . . . ] 7′ [ . . . ]-hi-mušen-na 8′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-NI col. ii′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [mŠEŠ.]ABki-[ . . . ] 2′ [m]uri5ki-ki-bi-gi4 3′ mṭà-x-šu 4′ mṭà-ab-ra-šu 5′ mṭà-ba-at-šar-ru-sú 6′ mṭup-pí-ašarēdu(IGI.DU) 7′ mdan-ni-g i4 8′ mdan-ni-ašarēdu 9′ mṭāb-ì-lí 10′ mṭāb-ì-lí-a 11′ mṭāb-ì-lí-šu

face b′ col. i (beginning of column lost) 1′ mbe-lí-[ . . . ] 2′ mbe-lí-˹uš˺-[ta-bi-i]l 3′ mbe-lí-mu-g[a-m]i-il 4′ mbe-lí-mu-ba-lí-it 5′ mbe-lí-mu-tab-bíl 6′ mbe-lí-kà-ší-id 7′ mbe-lí-ta-a-a-ar 8′ mbe-lí-qar-ra-ad 9′ mbe-lí-[x]-˹x˺-dam col. ii (beginning of column lost) 1′ [mx]-TAR-ì-lí-a 2′ [m]˹x˺-TAR-ì-lí-šu 3′ mME-PA 4′ mME-PA-tum 5′ mbur-PA-tum 6′ mdannu-ì-lí 7′ mdannu-ì-lí-a 8′ mdannu-ì-lí-šu 9′ mma-an-nu 10′ mma-an-šub 11′ mma-an-sa6 col. iii (beginning of column lost) 1′ [m]˹ì-lí-x-ti˺ 2′ mì-lí-qá-ti 3′ mì-lí-a-ti 4′ mì-lí-im-di 5′ mì-lí-sí-im-ti 6′ mì-lí-a-sú 7′ mì-lí-a-si-i 8′ mì-lí-sukkallu 9′ mra-bi-in-ZU 10′ mra-bi-i-a 11′ mra-bi-šu-KU 12′ me-ma-an-ì-lí 13′ me-ma-an-ì-lí-a col. iv (beginning of column lost) 1′ ma-šar-˹x˺-[ . . . ] 2′ mmes-[ . . . ] 3′ mmes-[ . . . ] 4′ mmes-ki-áĝ-˹ĝá˺ 5′ mmes-ki-áĝ-pà-da 6′ mib-ni-ilum

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124

7′ 8′ 9′ 10′ 11′ 12′

ib-ni-é-a ib-ni-dadad m ib-ni-den-líl m ib-ni-dsuen m ib-ni-dda-mu m ib-ni-dda-gan m m

face c′ col. i (beginning of column lost) 1′ [m . . .]-˹x˺-NI-[x] 2′ [mì]-˹lí˺-dum-[x] 3′ [mì]-˹lí˺-dum-[x] 4′ [m]ì-lí-KA-[x] 5′ ma-[x] 6′ mma-n[i] 7′ mmùš-ra-˹x˺ 8′ mdu-ni 9′ mdan-ni 10′ mra-ti 11′ mdan-˹ni˺-ašarēdu 12′ mdan-nu-˹x˺-ta-da-˹x˺ 13′ mlugal-˹en?˺-mah 14′ mlugal-túg-mah 15′ mlugal-nin-mah 16′ mlugal-dam-túg-mah (end of column preserved) (remainder of face lost) bottom col. i 1 mpa-[li] 2 mpa-li-˹lum˺ 3 mpa-li-ia 4 mpa-˹x-x˺-lum 5 mpa-˹x˺-tum 6 mpa-[x]-ti 7 mpa-[x]-ša 8 md[x-x]-x-illat 9 md˹x˺-[x-x]-illatti 10 md˹x˺-[x]-˹x˺-illassu 11 md˹x˺-[x]-šar-sú 12 md˹x˺-[x]-gi4- ~[. . . r]u-da 13 md[x]-˹x-e-šar-ra˺ 14 ˹mx-x˺-pa-ru-um 15 [mx]-˹x˺-qá-tum 16 [m . . .]-nu-um

17 [m . . .]-ì-si-inki 18 [m . . .]-úrimki 19 [m . . .]BÀDki 20 [m . . .]-dnanna 21 [m . . . d]nanna (remainder of column lost) col. ii 1 [m]IGI-˹x-x˺-ad-˹x˺ 2 mme-[le]m4-kiški 3 m˹x˺-[ . . . ]-˹ib-na˺ 4 mda-[ . . . ] 5 mnu-ra-˹ti˺ 6 mnu-uš-mu-ti-le 7 mĝá-ĜÁ×X-eš- ~hé-ti-il 8 má-gal-tuku 9 má-dnanna 10 má-lu-ša 11 múku-nu-kal 12 mù-PA-KAL! 13 ma-DU-šu-ta 14 mba-a-gu-mu 15 mba-a-KA-mu 16 mba-a-sa6-ga 17 mki-na 18 mki-na-na 19 mki-na-a 20 ˹mki-na˺-tum 21 [m . . .]-˹x˺ (remainder of column lost) col. iii 1 mkug-den-líl-lá 2 mkug-dnin-líl-lá 3 ˹m˺kug-dnin-šubur 4 mkù-ga-ni 5 mad-da-ad-di 6 mad-da-ad-ì-lí 7 mdšamaš-mi-šar 8 mdšamaš-mi-˹šar˺-[x] 9 mše-ga-[ . . . ] 10 mše-ga-[ . . . ] Blank Space (where the hole went through the center of the prism) line ruling 11 mar-˹x˺-[ . . . ] (remainder of column lost)

Akkadian Personal Name Lists

1 2 3 4

col. iv m i-hi-ir-zi-nu-um m i-mu-ut-za-wa-hu-um m ba-aš-hu-ul-ba-tum m ba-aš-ha-di-i double line ruling (remainder of column lost, but presumably it was blank)

286. CUNES 52-10-154 Measurements: 32*×53*×30* Contents: Akkadian Personal Names face a′ (beginning of face lost) col. i′ 1 [ . . . ]-bu-x 2 [ . . . ]-mi-mi 3 [ . . . ]-˹x˺-at-ti 4 [ . . . ]-˹x˺-ad-ra-ti 5 [ . . . ]-na 6 [ . . . ]-a-an-nu-um 7 [ . . . ]-nu-um 8 [ . . . ]-˹x˺ (remainder of column lost) col. ii′ 1 mia-wa-hu-˹um˺ 2 mia-ad-ru-um 3 mia-da-ru-˹um˺ 4 mia-a-a 5 mia-ṭāb 6 mia-da 7 mia-na-da (remainder of column lost) face b′

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3

col. i m ha-za m ha-za-za m ha-za-a m ha-za-za-a m ha-za-tum m ha-za-za-tum m ha-˹za-a-tum˺ (remainder of column lost) col. ii ˹m ha-x˺-[ . . . ] m ha-˹x˺-[ . . . ] m ha-˹x˺-[ . . . ]

4 5

ha-˹x˺-[ . . . ] h[a- . . .] (remainder of column lost) (remainder of face lost) m m

287. CUNES 52-10-157 Measurements: 55*×93*×53* Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (beginning of face lost) col. i′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ]-ki 2′ [ . . . ]-˹mu˺-ki-in 3′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-mu-ki-in 4′ [mx]-˹x˺-IGI-da-uri5ki 5′ [m(x?)]-˹x˺-dsuen-ma-zi 6′ [ . . . ]-˹x-x˺ 7′ (traces) (remainder of column lost) col. ii′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ (traces) 2′ mden-líl-unugki 3′ mden-líl-pa-a-ti 4′ mden-líl-be-el-ì-lí 5′ mden-líl-ba-aš-ti 6′ mden-líl-ba-˹la˺-ṭi (remainder of column lost) col. iii′ (beginning of column lost) md nin-líl-ri-ša-at 1′ 2′ mdnin-líl-šar-ra-at 3′ mdnin-líl-iṣ-ba-at- ~zé-ri-ti-šu-nu ˹md nin˺-líl-˹x-lál˺-DI 4′ 5′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ (remainder of column lost) col. iv′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ ˹md˺n[anna . . .] 2′ mdn[anna . . .] 3′ mdna[nna . . .] 4′ mdna[nna . . .] 5′ mdna[nna . . .] 6′ mdna[nna . . .] 7′ mdn[anna . . .] (remainder of column lost) (remainder of face lost)

125

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288. CUNES 52-10-160 Measurements: 45*×38*×25* Contents: Akkadian Personal Names face a′ (beginning of face lost) col. i′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ 2′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ 3′ [ . . . ]-ti 4′ [ . . . ]-tu 5′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-TUR 6′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-NI 7′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-NI 8′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-a-ni (remainder of column lost) col. ii′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [mdni]n-súm[un-ba-ni] 2′ [mdn]in-súmun-˹na˺-[da] 3′ [mdn]in-súmun-naq[idu] 4′ [md]nin-súmun-na-˹ad-ni˺ 5′ [m]dnin-súmun-re-me-da 6′ ˹m˺dnin-súmun-dūri 7′ mdra-ga-hu-um-ba-ni 8′ mdra-ga-hu-um-na-da 9′ mdra-ga-hu-um-naqidu 10′ mdra-ga-hu-um-na-ad-ni 11′ mdillat-ba-ni 12′ ˹mdillat-na-da˺ 13′ mdillat-naqidu 14′ mdillat-na-a[d-ni] 15′ ˹md˺[ . . . ] (remainder of column lost)

face b′ 1′ 2′ 3′ 4′ 5′ 6′ 7′

col. i′ (beginning of column lost) [m]˹ AN˺-[ . . . ] m AN-[ . . . ] m AN-˹x˺-[ . . . ] m an-nu-˹x˺-[ . . . ] m an-na-[ . . . ] m AN-[ . . . ] m A[N- . . .] (remainder of column lost) (remainder of face lost)

289. CUNES 52-10-164 Measurements: 38*×62*×18* Contents: Akkadian Personal Names col. i′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [m . . .]-˹x˺-[x?] 2′ [m . . .]-˹x˺-BU-[x?] 3′ [mKA×KAR.]ŠA-dnin-gal 4′ [mp]uzur4-dnin-maš 5′ [m]puzur4-dgirra 6′ mpuzur4-dkab- ~ta (bottom edge preserved) col. ii′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ m˹ì˺-[lí- . . .] 2′ mì-l[í- . . .] 3′ mì-lí-i-ni 4′ mì-lí-za-ni-in 5′ mì-lí-za-ni-ni (bottom edge preserved) col. iii′ 1′ [m . . . ] 2′ m[ . . . ]

4 M IXED PERSO NAL N AME LI STS Type IV

Remarks

Unparalleled (Obv.: Sum, Rev.: Akk)

The exercise on the reverse is duplicated by text 290 and was signed by the same student.

290. CUNES 50-02-114 Measurements: 77×72×21 Contents: Obverse: Sumerian Personal Names; Reverse: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 [x]-níĝ-sa6-ga 2 [x]-ama-ĝu10 3 [l]ú-má-kas4-kas4 Reverse ˹ ˺ x -i-mi-t[i] 1 [x]- d 2 [ ba]-ba6-um-mi 3 [d]en-˹líl˺-ba-ni 4 [n]a-ši-re-bu-um written below the line: a-bu--qar

Type IV Unparalleled (Obv.: Akk, Rev.: Sum) 292. CUNES 50-02-115 Measurements: 74×71×22 Contents: Obverse: Akkadian Personal Names; Reverse: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 [x (x?)] ME-dnin-šubur ˹x˺ 2 [x]-˹x˺-nu-˹ri˺ {erasure} 3 ˹x˺ EZEM.RI 4 ˹pu˺-úh-ši 5 [x]-˹x˺-wa-qàr a-ba-mu-um 6 é-a-ba-ni-a 7 {erasure} la-a-a Reverse 1 {indent} a-ba-nin-gin7! 2 {indent} a-a-ba 3 {indent} a-a-ba

Remarks The exercise on the reverse is duplicated by text 291 and was signed by the same student. 291. CUNES 50-04-177 (See Plate 10) Measurements: 75×75×23 Contents: Obverse: Sumerian Personal Names; Reverse: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 ˹lugal˺-kud 2 ˹lugal-x˺-[x] ˹ x-x˺ 3 lugal- Reverse written above the line: ˹ x-x˺-i-mi-[ti] ˹d ba-ba6˺-um-m[i] 1 d en-líl-ba-[ni] 2 3 na-ši-re-bu-um 4 blank line written below the line: a-bu-wa-qàr iti kug-x

Remarks Obverse 7. For the name la-a-a, see Limet 1968, 109.

Wide-Ruled Type III Unparalleled (Obv.: Akk, Rev.: Sum) 293. CUNES 50-07-010 Measurements: 116×77×24.5 Contents: Obverse: Akkadian Personal Names; Reverse: Sumerian Personal Names Obverse 1 [md . . .]-˹x˺ 2 ˹md˺en-líl-da-ri 3 mdnin-urta-qar-ra-ad 4 mdsuen-wa-la-ah 5 [m]ma-an-nu-um-ki-ma-˹d˺suen 6 [m]˹d˺suen-lu-da-ri

127

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7 [m]˹d˺suen-gi-im-la-˹an-ni˺ 8 [mi]-bi-dšákkan- ~[x-x] 9 [md]suen-mu-pa-˹ṭe4˺-[er] 10 [mdEN].ZU-˹x-gi˺-[x] Reverse 1 [x-(x?)]-˹x˺-mu-˹di˺ 2 [x-(x?)]-˹x˺-an-na ˹d 3 [ama]- KAL˺-zi-an-na d 4 ama- KAL-AN-zi-an-na!{line written over erasure}

5 ama-x-zi-an-na ˹ ˺ 6 ama- x -HI 7 ama-šà-ge 8 erased

Remarks Sumerian names beginning with ama-are discussed in Peterson 2011, 255, where he states that they “are . . . not verifiably attached to a specific larger, reasonably stable personal name list.”

5 LEGAL PHRASEBO O K S Type IV

296. CUNES 49-03-026 Measurements: 89×69*×25 Contents: legal phrasebook Obverse 1 [x]- ĝá-ĝá 2 [x]-sì-sì-ge 3 [x]-HI-HI Reverse Lost

294. CUNES 49-13-155 Measurements: 70*×75*×31 Contents: legal phrasebook Obverse 1 [šu] ba-an-ti 2 [šu] ba-an-ti-e[š] 3 [šu] ba-ab-ti-meš Reverse 1 [šu] ba-a[n]-ti 2 [šu] ba-an-[t]i-e[š] 3 [šu b]a-ab-ti-[meš]

297. CUNES 58-06-052 Measurements: 80×80×20 Contents: legal phrasebook Obverse 1 šeš ba-tuk 2 nin9 ba-tuk 3 dumu ba-tuk Reverse 1 ˹šeš˺ ba-˹tuk˺ 2 ˹nin9 ba˺-tuk 3 dumu ba-tuk

Remarks 1. Parallels CBS 1862 (P230219) o ii 31 (an OB forerunner to Sippar Ura 1/2). 2. Compare CBS 1862 o ii 32, which has šu ba-an-ti-e-meš. 295. CUNES 50-04-174 Measurements: 78×80×30 Contents: legal phrasebook Obverse 1 šu ba-an-ti 2 šu ba-an-ti-eš 3 šu ba-an-ti-me-eš Reverse Written above the line: 6(ĝéš) 4(u) 5 (diš) 1 šu ba-an-ti 2 šu ba-an-ti-eš 3 šu ba-[an-ti-m]e-eš

Type II CUNES 52-08-073 Measurements: 56*×57*×21 Contents: Obverse: Ura 3 Reverse: legal phrasebook ** See transliteration sub “Ura 3” Catalog entry under “Ura 3”

Type I 298. CUNES 51-09-126 Measurements: not available Contents: legal phrasebook **To be published by C. Jay Crisostomo

Remarks See text 294.

129

6 U RA 1 (WO O DEN I TEMS) Type IV (Partial Parallels with OB Nippur Ura 1) 299. CUNES 51-04-047 Measurements: 72×67×27 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešp[èš] 2 ĝeš˹pèš má˺-[rí?] 3 ĝeš˹pèš˺ [ . . . ] Reverse 1 ĝeš[pèš] 2 ĝešpèš [ . . . ] 3 ĝešpèš ˹x˺ [(x?)]

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 30. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 31. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 32. 302. CUNES 50-06-023 Measurements: 69×69×26 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešgi-r im 2 ĝešal-la-nu-um 3 ĝešmes Reverse Blank

Remarks

Remarks

1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 12.

1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 57. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 33. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 49.

300. CUNES 49-08-139 Measurements: 73×73×23 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝeš˹piriĝ˺ 2 ĝeš˹ù˺-suh5 3 ĝešù-suh5-tur Reverse Lost

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 698. 2–3. These lines are paralleled in OB Nippur Ura 1 ll. 25, 25a. In the Nippur tradition these lines are preceded by ĝešlam, which is not present here. 301. CUNES 48-09-191 Measurements: 72×73×26 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝeššennur 2 ĝešlam-gal 3 ĝešlam-tur Reverse Blank

303. CUNES 50-04-137 Measurements: 92×92×32 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešĝi6-par4 2 ĝešma-nu 3 ĝešma-nu šu Reverse 1 ĝešm[a-nu] šu 2 ĝešma-nu 3 ĝešĝi6-par4

Remarks The sequence ĝešĝi6-par4, ĝešma-nu, ĝešma-nu šu ak is attested in OB Nippur Ura 1 ll. 41–43. The lack of the ak sign in either the model or the copy of our text may reflect a variant tradition. 304. CUNES 52-18-177 Measurements: 71×73×28 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 [ĝeš]ma-nu ˹šu ak˺ 130

U r a 1 ( Wo o d e n I t e m s )

2 ˹ĝeš˺ma-nu mu-ra-[an] 3 [ĝe]šmu-ra-˹an x˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 43. 2–3.The sequence ĝešma-nu mur-ra-an, ĝešmur-ra-an occurs in two other unprovenanced Old Babylonian versions of Ura 1: Anonymous 447996 (P447996) o iv 21–22 and MS 4140 (CUSAS 12, 3.1.10, P253238). 305. CUNES 53-02-126 Measurements: 75×68×25 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 [ĝešnu-úr-ma] 2 ˹ĝeššu˺ [ . . . ] 3 ĝeš[ . . . ] Reverse 1 ĝešnu-úr-m[a] 2 ĝeššu HI×ÁŠ? [x] 3 [ĝeš . . .]

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 45. 306. CUNES 49-08-028 Measurements: 87×87×27 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešur-zi-n[u] 2 ĝešur-nu-u[m] 3 ĝešti-a-ru-um Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 62. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 59. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 60. 307. CUNES 48-11-084 Measurements: 83×84×27 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešĝešnimbar al-sù-ga

131

2 ĝešĝešnimbar al-kud-da 3 ĝešĝešnimbar al-dar-ra!(DA) Reverse 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank

Remarks 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 70. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 69. 308. CUNES 52-20-328 Measurements: 78×68×26 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝeš-igi-ĝál ˹x˺ 2 ĝešhé-BAD ĝeš[immar] 3 ĝešlipišx ĝešimmar Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. ĝeš-igi-ĝál occurs in OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 543, Forerunners A to Hh VI and VII 117, 142 (MSL 6, 152, 153).Too little of the final sign is preserved to allow for restoration; while ĝeš-igi-ĝál apin occurs in OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 452a, ĝišimmar is perhaps more likely. 2. Parallels an OB unprovenanced version of Ura 1, Anonymous 447996 r i 32 (P447996). 3. Parallels Anonymous 447996 r i 11 and Hh III 383 (MSL 5, 127). ĝeš-ĝišimmar-lipiš bur12-ra occurs in OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 74. 309. CUNES 48-11-087 Measurements: 77×75×27 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝeš˹da-da˺ 2 ĝeštúg-˹túg˺ 3 ĝešan-ta Reverse 1 ĝešda-˹da˺ 2 ĝeštúg-˹túg˺ 3 ĝešan-[ta]

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Remarks

Remarks

1. Parallels MS 4131 r i 9 (CUSAS 12, 3.1.07, P253228) and MS 4136/1+4136/2 r i 9′, (Civil 2010, 89). 2. Parallels MS 4131 r i 9 and MS 4136/1+4136/2 r i 10′. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 128. See also MS 4131 r i 11, MS 4136/1+4136/2 r i 12′ and Hh III 482 (MSL 5, 136).

The reading of BAD is uncertain. ĝešbad, “the leg of a chair or a bed,” is attested in OB Nippur Ura 1 ll. 199, 225. Alternatively, [ĝe]šsugin(BAD), “rot, decayed matter,” occurs in OB Nippur Ura 1 ll. 592, 593, and 594. For discussion, see Veldhuis 1997, 185–86.

310. CUNES 50-04-169 Measurements: 79×79×25 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 [ĝeš]BAD gu-za 2 [ĝ]ešsaĝ gu-za 3 ĝeš-di5 gu-za 4 ĝeši-zi gu-za Reverse 1 ĝešBAD gu-za 2 ĝešsaĝ gu-za 3 ĝeš-di5 gu-za 4 [ĝeš]i-zi gu-za 5 Blank Below the line: {erasure}

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 199 and Hh IV 123 (MSL 5 161). 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 200 and Hh IV 126. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 201 and Hh IV 124. 4. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 202 and Hh IV 125. 311. CUNES 48-02-128 Measurements: 71×68×22 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 [ĝe]šBAD 2 [ĝ]ešBAD-gal 3 [ĝe]šBAD-an-na Reverse Erased

312. CUNES 50-09-031 Measurements: 76×74×25 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešsaĝ-nud 2 ĝešbad-nud 3 ĝeš-di5-nud Reverse 1 ĝešsaĝ-nud 2 ĝešbad-nud 3 ĝeš-di5-nud

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 226. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 225. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 227. 313. CUNES 49-11-079 Measurements: 76×77×20 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝeši-zi nud 2 ĝešsaĝ nud 3 ĝešumbin nud 4 ĝeš-di5 nud Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 228. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 226. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 229. 4. This line is unattested in OB Nippur Ura 1 but occurs in Hh IV 170 (MSL 5, 166). 314. CUNES 52-10-173 Measurements: 69×62*×24 Contents: Ura 1

U r a 1 ( Wo o d e n I t e m s )

Obverse 1 ĝešbanšur 2 ĝešbanšur-tur 3 ĝešbanšur níĝ-gu7-a Reverse 1 ĝ[ešbanšur] 2 ĝe[šbanšur-tur] 3 ĝ[ešbanšur níĝ-gu7-a]

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 234. 315. CUNES 52-03-029 Measurements: 75×77×28 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝeše-gur-rí 2 ĝešeme-sig 3 ĝešmi-rí-za Reverse 1 ĝeše-gur-rí 2 ĝeš˹eme˺-sig 3 ĝešmí-[rí]-za

Remarks 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 262. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 263. 316. CUNES 51-09-139 Measurements: 68×67*×21 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝeš˹gúr?˺ 2 ĝeš[gúr?] á-l[á] 3 ĝeš˹gúr balaĝ˺ Reverse 1 ĝeš˹gúr?˺ 2 ĝeš[gúr?] ˹á-lá?˺ 3 ĝeš˹gúr?˺ balaĝ

Remarks 1. Parallels Hh VI 99 (MSL 6, 59). 2. Parallels Hh VI 105 (MSL 6, 60). 3. Parallels Hh VI 106 (MSL 6, 60).

133

317. CUNES 48-10-024 Measurements: 84×88×21 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 má má-r[í?] 2 má 100 gur 3 má 90 gur 4 má 80 gur Reverse 1 [má] ˹má-rí?˺ 2 [má] 100 g[ur] 3 [má 90] ˹gur˺ 4 [má 80] ˹gur˺

Remarks 1. Compare ĝešmá má-r i in OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 274. 2–4. Boats of such high capacities are not attested in OB Nippur Ura 1 ll. 279–285, which list boats with capacities from 60–65 gur. 318. CUNES 52-20-325 Measurements: 69×79×26 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝeš-numun-NE 2 ĝešgúr-NE 3 ĝešzi-gan Reverse Blank

Remarks 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 317. 319. CUNES 50-02-145 Measurements: 84×79×32 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešĜÁ×PA 2 ĝešir 3 ĝeš˹gákkul?˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 320.

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320. CUNES 48-06-391 Measurements: 86×88×31 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešéškiri 2 ĝešgag éškiri 3 ĝešé-{erasure}da Reverse 1 [ĝešéški]ri 2 [ĝešg]ag éškiri 3 [ĝeš]˹é˺-da

323. CUNES 48-09-176 Measurements: 71×76×23 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešKA-kúl mar-gíd-da 2 [ĝe]š˹gúr KA˺-kúl mar-gíd-d[a] 3 [ĝešg]˹u-za˺ mar-gíd-da Reverse 1 [ĝ]ešKA-kúl mar-gíd-da 2 ĝešgúr KA-kúl mar-gíd-da 3 ĝešgu-za mar-gíd-da

Remarks

Remarks

1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 321. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 322. 3. ĝešé-da is attested lexically in P388265 (Education in Earliest Schools 019 col. iv l. 4–6), an unprovenanced version of Ura 1.

1. Compare ĝešsaĝ-kul mar-gíd-da in OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 361. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 358.

321. CUNES 50-04-162 Measurements: 66×68×28 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 [ĝeš]giĝ4-˹sal?˺ 2 [ĝeš]DÙN@g ˹x˺ 3 [ĝeš]DÙN@g [x] Reverse Lost

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 566. 2–3. Compare OB Nippur Ura l ll. 568–570. 322. CUNES 50-02-127 Measurements: 75×75×35 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 [ĝeš]gaba gigir 2 [ĝeš]gaba-ĝál gigir 3 [ĝeš]kun gigir Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 345. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 346. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 330.

324. CUNES 48-11-090 Measurements: 76×76×24 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešbar-bar 2 ĝeštúg-˹túg˺ 3 ĝešnir-˹ra˺ Reverse written above the line: {erasure} bar 1 ĝešbar-bar! 2 ĝeštúg!-túg! 3 ĝešnir-ra

Remarks Obverse 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 412, MS 4836 o i 4′ (CUSAS 12, 3.1.13, P263866), and UET 6, 0677+0679+UET 7, 0087+0091 r ii 36′ (P346714). 2. Although ĝeštúg-túg is expected (as in OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 413, MS 4836 o i 3′ and UET 6, 0677+ r ii 37’), the traces do not indicate that. 3. Parallels MS 4836 o i 9′ and UET 6, 0677+ r ii 40′ and 41′. 325. CUNES 48-06-395 Measurements: 93×93×35 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ˹ĝeštúg-túg˺

U r a 1 ( Wo o d e n I t e m s )

2 ˹ĝešníĝ˺ [zi] 3 ĝešníĝ-g[i-na] Reverse 1 ĝeštúg-túg 2 ĝešníĝ zi 3 ĝešníĝ-gi-na

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 413. 2. The expected line is ĝešníĝ-zu (OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 414). Perhaps zi is a mistake for zu. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 415. 326. CUNES 49-08-032 Measurements: 77×71×23 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 [ĝeš]BU 2 [ĝeš]sahar-gíd 3 [ĝeš]da-da Reverse 1 [ĝeš]BU 2 [ĝeš]sahar-gíd 3 [ĝeš]da-da

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 ll. 429–432, 434. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 433, and see Veldhuis 1997, 121–22. 3. Parallels MS 4131 r i 9 and MS 4136/1+4136/2 r i 9′ (Civil 2010, 89, P253228). 327. CUNES 49-03-028 Measurements: 87×83×22 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse Lost Reverse 1 [ĝeš]-rín lub-bi 2 ĝeš-rín ˹ze-er?˺ 3 ĝeš-rín [x x]

Remarks 1. ĝeš-rín lub-lub-bi occurs in OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 437.

328. CUNES 51-07-104 Measurements: 64×61×23 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝeš[šudul4 apin] 2 ĝeš[gag šudul4 apin] 3 ĝeš[sal-la apin] Reverse 1 ĝeš˹šudul4˺ a[pin] 2 ĝešgag ˹šudul4˺ [apin] 3 ĝešsal-la apin Below the line Finger nail impressions

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 459. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 460. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 455. 329. CUNES 49-03-044 Measurements: 64×68×21 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešgána-[ùr] 2 ĝešgána-ùr ˹sar˺-[ra] 3 ĝešgána-ùr ˹zú˺ gal-gal-[la?] Reverse Lost

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 468. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 469. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 470. 330. CUNES 49-13-147 Measurements: 85×91×27 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešhar-mušen-na 2 ĝešgúr har-mušen-na 3 ĝešĝidri har-mušen-na 4 ĝeš{erasure}gúr Reverse 1 ĝešhar [mušen]-na 2 ĝešgúr [ha]r mušen-na 3 ĝešĝidri har mušen-na 4 ĝešgúr

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Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 536. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 538. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 547. 331. CUNES 49-13-162 Measurements: 63×63×25 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešillar 2 ĝešillar šub 3 ĝešillar tab-ba Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 552. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 553. 3. Although ĝešillar tab-ba is not otherwise attested, see ĝešillar é-ba-an in Ura 1 l. 554 and lú illar tab-ba in Lu IV 358 (MSL 12, 139). 332. CUNES 50-02-046 Measurements: 81×81×24 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešpana 2 ĝešgag-pan 3 ĝešgag-si-[sá] Reverse 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 555. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 557. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 558. The reverse was erased and prepared for a new exercise. 333. CUNES 52-18-185 Measurements: 70×76×28 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse Lost

Reverse 1 ĝešeme mar 2 ĝeššu mar 3 ĝešlagab mar

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 590. 2. Compare the MB list Syria 12, pl. 46–47, 03+pl. 47, 04 r iv 10 (P332934), which reads ĝeššu mar gigir. 334. CUNES 51-10-089 Measurements: 80*×84×26 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešsa-bí-tum 2 ĝešmi-rí-tum 3 ĝešur-za-ba-bi-tum Reverse 1 ˹ĝešsa-bí-tum˺ 2 ˹ĝešmi-rí˺-tum 3 ĝešur-za-[ba]-bi-tum

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 603. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 604. 3. ĝešur-za-ba4-ba occurs in OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 605. ĝeš ur-za-ba-bi-tum occurs in forerunner A Hh VI & VII (MSL 6, 157) and Šulgi B l. 165. 335. CUNES 49-11-078 Measurements: 65×66×27 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 [ĝešĝiš]kim 2 [ĝešur-gu]-la 3 ĝeš˹hé˺-du7 Reverse 1 ĝešĝiškim 2 ĝešur-gu-la 3 ĝešhé-du7

Remarks 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 606. 3. Parallels MS 3214 b iii 18 (CUSAS 12, 3.1.01, P273880).

U r a 1 ( Wo o d e n I t e m s )

336. CUNES 48-10-018 Measurements: 88×88×30 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 [ĝeš]al-ĝar-re 2 [ĝe]šúr-ra-ni 3 [ĝe]š-dub-e Reverse 1 [ĝeša]l-ĝar-re 2 [ĝeš]úr-ra-ni 3 [ĝeš]-˹dub-e˺

Remarks 1. Compare OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 601, which reads ĝeš al-ĝar. 2. Compare OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 688, which reads ĝeš úr. 3. Compare OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 689, which reads ĝeš-dub. 337. CUNES 48-08-031 Measurements: 65×67×19 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝešalal-{erasure}la 2 ĝeš-pap-hal-la 3 ĝeš mah Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. For ĝešalal, “drain pipe,” see the Curse of Agade l. 120 and the proverb on NBC 8070. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 633. 3. Occurs in Hh VI 216 (MSL 6, 72). 338. CUNES 50-02-038 Measurements: 71×70×28 Contents: Ura 1 Obverse 1 ĝeškur 2 ĝeš-kur 3 [ĝe]škur Reverse Blank

137

Remarks 1. Parallels Ura 1 l. 663. 2. Parallels Ura 1 l. 664. 3. Parallels Ura 1 l. 665.

Type IV (Wooden Items—Parallels with Other OB lists) 339. CUNES 48-07-124 Measurements: 81×82×18 Contents: Wooden Items Obverse 1 ĝeša-dar 2 ĝešizi-lá 3 ĝešgurun izi-lá Reverse 1 ĝeš[a-dar] 2 ĝ[eš][izi-lá] 3 ĝ[eš][gurun izi-lá]

Remarks 1. Compare a-darsar in OB Nippur Ura 4 Seg. 4, 21. ĝeš a-dar occurs in Education in Earliest Schools no. 019 col. ii l. 15 (P388265). 2. We expect gi-izi-lá (e.g., OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 6); ĝeš izi-lá is not otherwise attested. 340. CUNES 49-03-036 Measurements: 77×77×24 Contents: Wooden Items Obverse 1 ĝešgi-muš 2 ĝešu4-sakar gi-muš 3 ĝešĝéšpu [g]i-muš Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. ĝešgi-muš is attested in Forerunners A to Hh VI and VII 240c (MSL 6, 158). 341. CUNES 49-09-167 Measurements: 87×83×29 Contents: Wooden Items Obverse 1 {indented} ĝ[eš]

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2 ĝešgi 3 ĝešgi ˹gub-ba˺ Reverse 1 {indented} ĝeš 2 ĝešgi 3 ĝešgi gub-˹ba˺

Remarks These items are not attested in Ura 1. péš ĝešgi occurs in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 364 and šáh ĝešgi in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 378. The sequence ĝešgi, ĝešgi gub-ba does, however, occur in MS 2003 o i 1–2 (CUSAS 12, 3.2.01, P250736). 342. CUNES 49-13-163 Measurements: 64×62×25 Contents: Wooden Items Obverse 1 ĝešal saĝ 2 ĝešal gud saĝ 3 ĝeš-bur ùr Reverse Blank

Remarks Note the sequence beginning ĝešal in OB Nippur Ura 1 ll. 477–482 and TCVC 782 o 4′—r i 9 (P273712), although these particular items are not attested. 1. See CUSAS 12, 3.1.02 (P251495), UET 6/3, 677 + 678 + UET 7, 087 + 091 (P346714).

Type IV (Wooden Items—Unparalleled) 343. CUNES 49-03-029 Measurements: 86×85×25 Contents: Wooden Items Obverse 1 ˹ĝeš-haš?˺ 2 ˹ĝeš˺ [nu]-˹ma˺ 3 ˹ĝešegir˺ Reverse 1 ˹ĝeš-haš˺ {erasure} 2 ˹ĝeš˺ nu-˹ma˺ 3 ˹ĝeš˺egir

Remarks 1. The reading ĝeš-haš is possible given the Sumerian loanword into Akkadian, ĝišhaššu, attested lexically in Hh VI l. 64–65. 2. Perhaps a mistake for ĝešma-nu as in Ura 1 l. 42. This mistake occurs also in SLT 224 r ii 4 and UM 29-15-645 r ii 3. 344. CUNES 52-07-072 Measurements: 73×74×25 Contents: Wooden Items Obverse 1 ĝeš˹x˺ 2 ĝeš˹x-x˺ 3 ĝeš˹x˺ 4 ˹ĝešx x˺ Reverse A single é-sign (33mm long × 10mm wide) is oriented 180 degrees. 345. CUNES 49-02-049 Measurements: 85×85×29 Contents: Wooden Items Obverse 1 ĝeštah 2 ĝeššu gub-ba 3 ĝešd˹lamma˺ Reverse 1 ĝeš˹tah˺ 2 ĝeššu gub-ba 3 ĝešdlamma

Remarks 3. Parallels Hh VIIb 153 (MSL 6, 128). 346. CUNES 49-14-059 Measurements: 76×79×29 Contents: Wooden Items Obverse 1 ĝeš ˹x-x˺-[x?] 2 ĝeš˹x-LÚ?˺ 3 ĝeš˹ràb?˺ 4 ĝeš[x]-˹da?˺ Reverse

U r a 1 ( Wo o d e n I t e m s )

1 2 3 4

ĝeš-˹giri19?˺ ĝeš ràb ĝeš˹ ˺ x -da? ĝeš ˹x˺

Remarks Obverse 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 680. Reverse 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 681. 347. CUNES 50-02-154 Measurements: 75×76×22 Contents: Wooden Items Obverse 1 ĝeš˹x hi-a?˺ 2 ˹ĝešx-IM?-x˺ Reverse Blank 348. CUNES 53-02-128 Measurements: 63×65×28 Contents: Wooden Items Obverse 1 ĝeš[é] 2 ĝešé [x] 3 ĝešé šu ˹dag?˺-[ga?] Reverse Blank 349. CUNES 53-02-128 Measurements: 48*×20*×9* Contents: Wooden Items Obverse 1 ĝeš [ . . . ] 2 ĝeš [ . . . ] 3 ĝeš [ . . . ] Reverse Lost

Type II (Wooden Items) 350. CUNES 50-02-067 Measurements: 51*×65*×31 Contents: Obverse: Wooden Items Reverse: undetermined Obverse col. i 1′ [ĝeššú]-˹a du10?-sa?˺ 2′ [ĝeššú-a] kaskal 3′ [ĝeššú-a] bur-gul 4′ [ĝeššú-a tib]ira col. ii 1′ ĝeššú-a ˹du10?-sa?˺ 2′ ĝeššú-a kaskal 3′ ĝeššú-a bur-gul 4′ ĝeššú-a tibira Reverse col. i (RIGHT) 1′ bar-[x?]-˹dul5?˺ 2′ túg-túg ˹ ˺ x -a 3′ TÚG- ˹ ? 4′ x-AN -x˺ 5′ ˹x (x?) TÚG x˺ (remainder of column lost) col. ii (LEFT) 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [ . . . ]-˹NI?˺ 3′ [ . . . ]-˹NI?˺ 4′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ 5′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ 6′ [ . . . ]-˹x?˺ (remainder of column lost)

Remarks Obverse 1′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 205. 2′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 209. 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 207. 4′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 208. 351. CUNES 52-18-162 Measurements: 103×73×31 Contents: Wooden Items Obverse col. i 1 ĝeš-nud ˹x-x˺

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ĝeš-nud ˹x-GI-˺ ~˹x˺ 3 ĝeš-˹nud x-x-˺ ~˹tuku-zi?-x˺ 4 ĝeš-˹nud x-x-˺ ~˹x˺ 5 ĝeš-nud ˹x˺-[x] ~ ˹x-x˺ 6 ĝeš-nud ˹x˺-[x] ~ ˹ak?-x˺ 7 ĝeš-nu ˹šà-ga˺-[x] ~ ˹x-x˺ 8 ĝeš-nud ˹šu-x-a-ni˺ 9 ĝeš-˹nud x-x-x˺ 10 ĝeš-nud ĝeš-˹nud˺ col. ii {Erased} Reverse Blank 2

Remarks The sequence ĝeš-nud occurs in OB Nippur Ura 1 ll. 214–222, but without obvious parallels.

Wide-Ruled Type III (Wooden Items) 352. CUNES 50-06-020 Measurements: 88×70×23 Contents: Wooden Items Obverse 1 ˹ĝešzé-na˺ [ĝešnimbar] 2 ĝeš˹ĝá-li ĝešnimbar˺ 3 ĝeš˹hé-BAD ĝešnimbar˺ 4 ĝeš˹ù?-luh? ĝešnimbar˺ 5 ĝeš˹níĝ ki-luh ĝešnimbar˺ 6 ĝeš˹kid-da ĝešnimbar˺ 7 ĝeš˹kid-da zú-lum˺ ~ [x-x]-˹ga ĝešnimbar˺ 8 ĝeš˹an-na ĝešnimbar˺ Reverse 1 [ĝe]š˹suhur˺ ĝešnimbar 2 ĝeštubax(TÚG)-lá ĝešnimbar Double line ruling 3 Blank 4 Blank 5 Blank 6 Blank 7 Blank

Remarks Obverse 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 90. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 97. 4. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 96. 5. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 100. 6. Parallels OB Nippur text N 5881 r. i 2′ (P230184). The sequence ĝeškid-da occurs in OB Nippur Ura 1 ll. 46–48. 7. Compare ĝeški-ta zú-lum degx-degx-ga ĝešnimbar in OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 99a and ĝeškid-da zú- lum-ma degx-degx-ga ĝešnimbar in the OB text Anonymous 447996 r i 37 (P447996). 8. Compare ĝešan-na-zag ĝešnimbar in OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 85a. Reverse 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 82. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 94.

Type III (Trees and Wooden Items) 353. CUNES 48-09-172 Measurements: 80×54×27 Contents: Trees and Wooden Items Obverse 1 ĝeš-˹x˺-a-˹x˺ 2 ĝeškab 3 ĝešmes-kab 4 ĝešHAR-HAR-PIRIĜ 5 ĝeš-hal 6 ĝeš-é-hal 7 ĝeš-li 8 ĝešbábbar 9 ĝeš-˹sikil?˺ 10 ĝeš-hu-lu-úb! 11 ĝešgag-gag 12 ĝeš-numun 13 ĝeš-HI Reverse 1 ĝešpa 2 ĝešpa tag-ga Double line ruling {written over an erased line beginning with AN}

Remarks Obverse 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 648. 7. Parallels Hh III 97 (MSL 5, 101).

U r a 1 ( Wo o d e n I t e m s )

9. Parallels Hh III 65 (MSL 5, 98). 10. Parallels OB Nippur Ura l. 4. Reverse 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 140. 354. CUNES 52-02-051 Measurements: 81×57×26 Contents: Dates (Ura 1) 1 ĝešĝešnimbar al-gaz!-˹za˺ 2 ĝešĝešnimbar šag4 BU 3 ĝeššag4 ĝešnimbar 4 ĝeššag4 ĝešnimbar 5 ĝešsuhur ĝešnimbar 6 ĝešpa ĝešnimbar 7 ĝešpa kud ĝešnimbar 8 ĝešdálla ĝešnimbar 9 ĝešzé-na ĝešnimbar 10 ĝešmud ĝešnimbar Double Ruling Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 78a. 2. Compare ĝešĝišnimbar libiš(ÁB.ŠÀ)-bu-ra in OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 74. Alternatively, read ĝešĝešnimbar šag4 su13 (for sug4), meaning “empty” or “not carrying fruit,” for which, see Focke 2015, 39. 3, 4. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 81. 5. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 82. 6. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 86. 7. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 87. 8. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 88. 9. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 90. 10. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 89. 355. CUNES 49-13-178 Measurements: 72×48×21 Contents: Wooden Items (Ura 1) Obverse 1 ĝešgag-sal4 2 ĝešza-ra gag-sal4 3 ĝeš˹gag za˺-ra gag-sal4 4 ĝešmar-gíd-da 5 Blank 6 ĝešsig7-mar-gíd- ~da 7 ĝešu4-sakar! mar-gíd-

141

~da 8 Blank 9 ĝešgag umbin mar-gíd-da 10 ĝešza-ra mar-gíd-da Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 351. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 352. 4. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 357. 6. Parallels Hh V 82 (MSL 6, 12). 7. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 370. 9. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 369. 10. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 359.

Prism (Wooden Items) 356. CUNES 52-10-162 Measurements: 56*×90*×49* Contents: Wooden Items (Ura 1) face a′ face a′ col. i entirely lost except for traces of the final lines of two columns face b′ face b′ col. i′ 1′ [ĝešx]-x 2′ [ĝeš]˹igi˺-ĝál 3′ [ĝeš]šu4-dulx 4′ [ĝeš]šu4

Remarks face b′ col. i’ 2′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 ll. 543 and 564 col. ii′ face b′ col. ii′ 1′ [ĝeš . . .] 2′ [ĝešba?] še 3′ [ĝešba?] zú 4′ [ĝešba?] simmušen 5′ [ĝeš(x?)]-dím 6′ [ĝeš]nesaĝ 7′ ĝešnesaĝ ĝešasalx 8′ ĝešhar-mušen-na 9′ ĝešĝidru har-mušen-na

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Remarks face b′ col. ii’ 2′. Restored according to OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 154. 3′. Restored according to OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 152a. See also Hh IV 38 (MSL 5, 153). 4′. Restored according to SC 1, 022 r vi 26 (P388265), an unprovenanced version of OB Ura 1. See also Hh IV 40 (MSL 5, 153). 8′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 536. 9′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 1 l. 537. face b′ col. iii′ 1′ [ĝeš]˹AN˺-[x]

2′ 3′ 4′ 5′ 6′ 7′ 8′ 9′

[x] [x] [ĝe]š [x] [ĝe]š AN-[x] ˹ĝeš˺ ki-[x] ĝeš ar-[gíbil?] ĝeš [x] ĝeš gi-DU double ruling {indent} ti-la dnisaba [ĝ]eš [ĝ]eš

Remarks face b′ col. ii’ 7′. Restored according to OB Nippur 1 l. 705.

7 URA 2 (CRAFTS) Type IV (Reed Items)

Remarks 3. This line occurs in Hh VIII–IX OB Forerunner 42a (MSL 7, 185) and BIN 2, 57 (OB Hh VIII, ms. M. Civil). gi-gur nisig occurs in OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 32.

357. CUNES 49-09-165 Measurements: 73×72×23 Contents: Ura 2 (reed items) Obverse 1 [gigil]im ˹ùr˺ 2 ˹gigilim˺ an-na TUR-me[š] 3 [gi]kid Reverse 1 ˹gigilim ùr˺ 2 ˹gigilim˺ an-na TUR-meš 3 [gi]˹kid˺

360. CUNES 49-08-025 Measurements: 86×81×32 Contents: Ura 2 (reed baskets) Obverse 1 gibisaĝ ninda {erasure} gur4-r[a] 2 gibisaĝ ˹kug˺ 3 gibisaĝ kug-[an] Reverse 1 gibisaĝ ninda gur4-ra 2 gibisaĝ kug 3 gi kug-an

Remarks 2. The closest parallel to this line is perhaps gigilim an-na 3 in Hh VIII 174 (ms. Civil). 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 12.

Remarks

358. CUNES 49-14-055 Measurements: 80×80×28 Contents: Ura 2 (reed items) Obverse 1 gi-gur a-ĝi6 2 gi-gur ì-dub 3 gi-gur šà-ba gi4-a Reverse Blank

The reverse rotates approximately 90 degrees to the left. 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 55. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 50. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 51. 361. CUNES 58-01-091 Measurements: 77×76×20 Contents: Ura 2 (reed baskets) Obverse 1 gibisaĝ ninda gur4-ra 2 gibisaĝ níĝ-dìm-ma 3 gibisaĝ kug diĝir {erasure}-ra Reverse 1 ˹gibisaĝ˺ [ninda gur4]-ra 2 ˹gi˺[bisaĝ ninda dìm]-ma 3 gib[isaĝ kug diĝir]-ra

Remarks gi-gur occurs in OB Nippur Ura 2 ll. 27–45, but this sequence is unattested. 359. CUNES 51-02-035 Measurements: 80×83×24 Contents: Ura 2 (reed baskets) Obverse 1 gi-gur níĝ-àr-ra 2 gi-gur gurun? ba 3 gi-gur níĝ-SAR Reverse 1 gi-gur [níĝ-àr]-ra 2 gi-gur ˹gurun?˺ ba 3 gi-gur níĝ-SAR

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 55. 2. Compare OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 56, which reads gi bisaĝ dìm-ma. 3. Compare gibisaĝ kug and gibisaĝ kug-an-na in OB Nippur Ura 2 ll. 50, 51. 143

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144

362. CUNES 58-06-053 Measurements: 69×69×26 Contents: Ura 2 (reed baskets) Obverse 1 giba-an-du8 2 giba-an-du8 sah 3 giba-an-du8 zú kéš-da Reverse 1 giba-an-du8 2 giba-an-du8 sah 3 giba-an-du8 zú kéš-da

364. CUNES 48-08-028 Measurements: 86×84×22 Contents: Ura 2 (reed items) Obverse 1 [g]idur sig 2 [g]idur mušen-dù 3 gi a ra-ra Reverse 1 ˹gidur˺ [sig] 2 ˹gidur˺ [mušen-d]ù 3 ˹gi˺ [a ra-ra]

Remarks

Remarks

The sequence ba-an-du8, ba-an-du8 sah, ba- an-du8 zú kéš occurs reduplicated in RT 56 obv col. ii ll. 35–40 (P247855). Compare also giba-an-du and giba-an-du [ . . . ] in OB Nippur Ura 2 ll. 113, and 114–116. gi

gi

gi

363. CUNES 48-09-174 Measurements: 75×75×27 Contents: Ura 2 (reed items) Obverse 1 gi pad-pàd-ba 2 gimá-lá 3 gi-[a]n-dùl Reverse 1 gi pad-pàd-b[a] 2 gimá-lá 3 gi-an-dùl Doodling below the line

Remarks 1. Compare OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 150, which reads gi pad-pad-rá. gi 2. má-lá is not attested in the OB Nippur forerunners. However, it does occur in RT 56 o iii 32 (P247855), an unprovenanced OB version of Ura 2 and 4. gimá-lá = MIN(qa-an) ma-la-al-li-e occurs in Hh IX 331 (MSL 7, 53). Note also the gikid má series in OB Nippur Ura 2 ll. 14–17. 3. Although gi-an-dùl is unattested, see gikid-an-dùl, “a reed mat (that provides) shade,” in OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 21.

1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 190 and MS 2003 o ii 31 (CUSAS 12, 3.2.01, P250736). 2. Parallels MS 2003 o ii 34. 365. CUNES 48-09-186 Measurements: 85×88×30 Contents: Ura 2 (reed items) Obverse 1 gi du10-ga 2 gi suhub ak 3 gi AB du8 4 gi zi-˹ir?˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. gi dùg occurs in Hh IX 284 (MSL 7, 50). In the OB lexical tradition, gi du10-ga occurs elsewhere only when modifying šim, see, e.g., the OB Forerunners in MSL 11 122, 155, 163, and 166 and MS 4831 o 2 (CUSAS 12, 3.6.5, P253861). 3. For gi AB, see Hh VIII OB Susa (ms. Civil).

Type IV (Vessels) 366. CUNES 53-02-041 Measurements: 79*×47*×23 Contents: Ura 2 (pots) Obverse 1 [ . . . ] 2 d[ugsab . . .] 3 dugsa[b . . .] Reverse 1 dugsab [ . . . ]

2 3

Ura 2 (Crafts)

sab [ . . . ] sab [ . . . ]

dug dug

Remarks The sequence of jars beginning dugsab occurs in OB Nippur Ura 2 ll. 264–270. 367. CUNES 49-09-168 Measurements: 104×106×32 Contents: Ura 2 (pots) Obverse 1 [dug]za-˹hum˺ 2 [d]ug gaz 3 [du]gútul Reverse 1 dugza-hu[m] 2 [dug gaz] 3 dugútul

145

Veldhuis’s argument that the OB lexical tradition varied locally. As Veldhuis remarks, “The traditions from Isin and Nippur are close, but not identical. The ‘Sippar’ source has a longer list of bur-zi vessels; still it may be understood as an elaboration of the Nippur/Isin text, not as an entirely independent treatment” (385). 369. CUNES 49-03-037 Measurements: 75×74×23 Contents: Ura 2 (pots?) Obverse 1 [x] ĜAR-àm 2 [x] sìla ĜAR 3 [x] ˹sìla ĜAR˺-àm Reverse Erased

Remarks

Remarks

1. See Sallaberger and Civil 1996, 109. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 281, which reads dug gaz-za, and MS 2003 r ii 38. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 268 and MS 2003 r iii 2.

Perhaps to be restored dugsìla ĜAR as in OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 315 (Sallaberger and Civil 1996, 106).

368. CUNES 49-08-024 Measurements: 86×87×26 Contents: Ura 2 (pots) Obverse 1 dug˹bur˺-[zi] 2 ˹dugbur˺-zi [sud-ra] 3 [dug]˹bur˺-zi [tùn-bar?] Reverse 1 dugbur-zi 2 dugbur-zi sud-˹ra˺ 3 dugbur-zi tùn+K(GÍN)[-bar?]

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 293 and MS 2003 r ii 32. 3. Restored according to Hh X 271–2 (MSL 7, 90) and the OB text MS 2003 r ii 35 (CUSAS 12, 3.2.01, P250736). Note the difference between this tradition and that known from Nippur, Isin, and Sippar, for which, see Veldhuis 2010, 384. Our manuscript supports

370. CUNES 50-04-159 Measurements: 80×83×27 Contents: Ura 2 (pots) Obverse 1 dug bànšur 2 dug ninda-kum4 3 dug si-im Reverse 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 371. CUNES 50-04-161 Measurements: 79×80×30 Contents: Ura 2 (pots) Obverse 1 dug-UD.UD-a 2 dug-bal-a 3 dug ug še ĝar-ra Reverse 1 dug-UD.UD-a 2 dug-bal-a 3 dug ug še ĝar-ra

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372. CUNES 51-09-137 Measurements: 67*×74×21 Contents: Ura 2 (pots) Obverse 1 [d]ug {erased NI} gíd-da 2 dug {erased NI} lúgud-da 3 [dug] burudx-da Written below the line: [{indent} im u]r-dsuen {erasure} Reverse 1 Erased 2 Erased 3 Erased 4 Erased

Contents: Ura 2 (hides) Obverse 1 kuš munus[áš-gàr] 2 kuš am 3 kuš am-si Reverse 1 kuš munusgàr 2 kuš am 3 kuš am-[si]

Remarks

375. CUNES 50-01-060 Measurements: 69×67×23 Contents: Ura 2 (hides) Obverse 1 kuš níĝ siki anše 2 kuš siki IN anše 3 kuš siki IN ˹máš˺ Reverse Blank

This sequence occurs in RT 56 o iv 35–37 (P247855), an unprovenanced tablet containing Ura 2 and 4. 1. See Sallaberger and Civil 1996, 100 for attestations of the dug gíd-da. 2. See Sallaberger and Civil 1996, 103. For the signature, see also 207.

Type IV (Clay/Earth) 373. CUNES 48-06-397 Measurements: 59×59×20 Contents: Ura 2 (clay/earth) Obverse 1 im bábbar 2 esir 3 ˹esir àh?˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 331. 2. esir occurs in UET 7, 163 ii 6 (P333173), a variant of Proto-Ea. 3. Parallels ED Practical Vocabulary A l. 320.

Type IV (Hides/Textiles) 374. CUNES 49-03-025 Measurements: 87×92×26

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 345. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 346. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 347.

376. CUNES 50-04-179 Measurements: 83×87×22 Contents: Ura 2 (hides) Obverse 1 kušsuhubx ˹x˺-tum 2 kušsuhubx LAGAB×[X?] AN 3 kušsuhubx du8-ši-a 4 kušsuhubx dúr du8-ši-a Reverse Blank

Remarks The sequence kušsuhubx is attested in OB Nippur Ura 2 ll. 408–410. 3. Parallels A 7896 i 12′ (P230258), an OB Diyala cylinder with Ura 2, 4, and 3. 377. CUNES 51-09-132 Measurements: 85×78×24 Contents: Ura 2 (hides)

Ura 2 (Crafts)

Obverse 1 [kuš]lá-lá 2 [kuš]har ˹lá˺-lá 3 [kuš] ur-mah Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 383. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 384. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 364. 378. CUNES 51-09-136 Measurements: 84×84×27 Contents: Ura 2 (hides) Obverse 1 kuš!(ZU)lu-˹lu˺-um 2 kuš!(ZU)ba-bu-um 3 kuš!(ZU)na-[x]-um Reverse Blank

Remarks 1–2. Compare Ura 2 ll. 435–437: kušhu-lu-lu-um, kušé hu-lu-lu-um, kuška-ba-bu-um.

Type IV (Metals) 379. CUNES 48-09-180 Measurements: 90×90×27 Contents: Ura 2 (bronze items) Obverse 1 zabargazabar 2 zabarsaĝ-gulzabar 3 níĝ-KA xzabar Reverse 1 [zabar]˹ga˺˹zabar˺ 2 [za]bar˹saĝ-ul˺˹zabar˺ 3 níĝ-KA [x]˹zabar˺

Remarks 1.

ga is attested in OB Ura 2 l. 536a, Hh XII OB Forerunner 3a (MSL 7, 231).The use of zabar both before and after the noun is unexpected. For the same line, see 380 l. 1. zabar

147

2. na4saĝ-gul-gul occurs in an early OB multicolumn text, SLT 179 (CBS 13935, P227751) r iii 15. 380. CUNES 49-03-034 Measurements: 75×79×24 Contents: Ura 2 (bronze items) Obverse 1 zabargazabar 2 zabarzizabar 3 [zabar] ˹x x zabar˺ Reverse 1 [zabargazabar] 2 [zabarzizabar] 3 [zab]ar ˹x˺ zabar

Remarks 1. For this line, see the remarks to text 379 l. 1. 381. CUNES 50-02-077 Measurements: 83×83×21 Contents: Ura 2 (bronze items) Obverse 1 ˹X×AN˺-naUD.KA.[BAR] 2 ˹é˺-dimzabar 3 [gud] dumu dutuzabar Reverse Erased

Remarks 2. dimzabar occurs in OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 564. As a metal, é-dim occurs in Ur III administrative texts but is preceded by the determinative uruda. 3. Although a bronze sculpture of a bison is unattested lexically (to our knowledge), the term occurs in versions of OB Nippur Ura 3.We thank N.Veldhuis (personal communication, December 2017) for the suggested restoration. 382. CUNES 47-12-003 Measurements: 73×72×18 Contents: Ura 2 (bronze items) Obverse 1 harzabar 2 [x]zabar 3 kug?-geštugzabar

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Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 586. 3. The sign is neither ĝeš or níĝ, either of which could be expected in this context. This text was previously published by Maiocchi 2009 as text no. 190 (p. 225), where he notes that the tablet may be OB.

Measurements: 76×74×27 Contents: Ura 2 (bronze items) Obverse 1 har zíbzabar 2 ulzabar 3 eš4-tárzabar Reverse 1 ˹har˺ zíbzabar 2 ulzabar 3 eš4-tárzabar

2. Compare šu-gur kug-babbar in OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 606. The kal here, however, is clear. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 609.

Remarks

Remarks 1. Elsewhere, to our knowledge, har zíb-ba is only attested at Emar, for which, see Msk 74247 r iii 19 (Emar 6/2, 571–74, P271995). 2. For the reading and meaning ulzabar, “rosette,” see Steinkeller 2002, 360. 3. Although eš4-tárzabar is not attested in any OB lists of metal objects, it may be analogous to entries such as OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 580, dlammazabar, and 58a, dalamzabar. Alternatively, Veldhuis (personal communication, October 2017) suggests that given the context with ul, it may be a star-shaped ornament symbolizing Ištar. zabar

(See Plate 11) Measurements: 74×66×26 Contents: Ura 2 (silver items) Obverse 1 šu- ĝál kug-babbar ˹ 2 šu- kal˺ kug-babbar 3 dála kug-babbar

Remarks

385. CUNES 48-11-089 Measurements: 90×90×32 Contents: Ura 2 (gold items) Obverse 1 kug-sig17 sahar-b[a] 2 kug-sig17 sahar-ba kur-[ra] 3 šu-gur kug-s[ig17] Reverse 1 kug-sig17 ˹sahar˺-ba 2 kug-sig17 sahar-ba kur-ra 3 šu-gur kug-sig17

383. CUNES 49-03-042

384. CUNES 47-12-002

Reverse 1 šu- ĝál ku[g-babbar] 2 šu-kal kug-babbar 3 dála kug-babbar doodling below the line

1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 620. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 621. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 637. 386. CUNES 47-12-005 Measurements: 76×78×32 Contents: Ura 2 (copper items) Obverse 1 [x]uruda lugal 2 [x]uruda é 3 [x] x Reverse Erased 387. CUNES 48-10-015 Measurements: 103×98×35 Contents: Ura 2 (bronze items) Obverse 1 [ĝír?] áb úšzabar 2 [ĝír?] udu úšzabar 3 [ĝír?] SAR-˹a?˺zabar 4 [ĝír?] ˹ùr-ra?˺zabar 5 [ĝír?] ˹x x˺zabar

Ura 2 (Crafts)

149

6 ˹ĝír? bala˺zabar Reverse Erased

Type II (Reeds)

Remarks

Measurements: 38*×75*×24 Contents: Obverse: Ura 2 (reed baskets); Reverse: Sign List (unparalleled) Obverse col. i 1 [g]ipisaĝ im sar 2 [g]ipisaĝ gíd-da 3 gipisaĝ níĝ-˹da˺ 4 [gipis]aĝ kisal NI 3 5 [gipisaĝ kisal] ˹NI 8?˺ (remainder of column lost) col. ii 1 gipisaĝ [im] sar 2 gi˹pisaĝ˺ [gíd]-˹da˺ 3 gipisaĝ ˹níĝ-da˺ 4 gipisaĝ kisal NI 3 5 gipisaĝ kisal NI 8 6 ˹x x x sar?˺-[x?] Reverse col. i (=RIGHT) (beginning of column lost) 1′ [DIŠ] AŠ 2′ DIŠ A 3′ DIŠ I 4′ DIŠ ĜEŠ 5′ DIŠ AD col. ii (beginning of column lost) 1′ DIŠ MU 2′ DIŠ NIM 3′ DIŠ TÙM 4′ DIŠ SUM? col. iii (=LEFT) (beginning of column lost) 1′ [DIŠ] ˹X˺ 2′ [DIŠ] DIŠ 3′ [DIŠ] ME?

1–2. Restoration based on the suggestion of Niek Veldhuis (personal communication, October 2017). The list of knives occurs in OB Nippur Ura 2 ll. 568–574, although these particular knives are unattested. However, consider BM 85983 r iii 35 (P247857), containing an OB version of Ura 3, which reads ĝír udu úšuš. 388. CUNES 50-02-052 Measurements: 80×72×26 Contents: Ura 2 (silver items) Obverse 1 kug-babbar IGI.UR@š 2 kug-babbar za-rí-in 3 kug-babbar níĝ-dím-m[a] Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. UR@š can be read dul9, šutul5, and is a pre-OB form of DUN4 (Mittermayer 2006, 88), but a compound with igi is unattested. 2. Although uruda za-rí-in occurs in OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 493, it is unattested as a modification of kug-babbar. Elsewhere in OB lexical lists, it modifies siki, pèš, and zú-lum. 389. CUNES 50-04-155 Measurements: 69×69×27 Contents: Ura 2? (metals?) Obverse 1 [x] ˹dag˺ [x] 2 ˹x˺ an-za ˹x˺ 3 ˹x˺ kug ˹x˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks 2. Compare an-za-ab-tum kug-sig17 in OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 651 and na4-an-za-gul-me in (Hh XVI Nippur Forerunner 125 [MSL 10, 58]).

390. CUNES 52-08-070

Remarks obv. col. i 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 61c. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 69.

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391. CUNES 49-08-130 Measurements: 73*×64*×35 Contents: Ura 2 (reed items) Obverse col. i 1 {indent} ˹ĝeš˺ 2 {indent} zi 3 {indent} númun 4 U númun 5 kisal piriĝ 6 ˹x˺ šub-ba 7 [x šub]-ba (remainder of column lost) col. ii erased Reverse Lost

Remarks Although only the left-hand top corner of the tablet is preserved, the thickness of the tablet and the wide line rulings suggest this was originally intended as a two-column student-teacher tablet, although the student’s half seems to have been largely erased. col. i. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 144. 4. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 145.

Type II (Vessels and Metals) CUNES 52-08-072 Measurements: 39*×60*×24 Contents: Obverse, Ura 3; Reverse, unparalleled version of OB Nippur Ura 2 (vessels & metals) **See transliteration sub Ura 3

Type II (Hides) 392. CUNES 50-04-144 Measurements: 142×88×38 Contents: Ura 2 (leather) Obverse col. i 1 [k]ušsi-è double line ruling 2 ˹kuš˺har 3 kuša-ĝá-l[á]

4 kušùsan 5 kušùsan šu 6 ˹kuš˺ùsan ˹gú˺-bi 7 [kušsi-UD].DU 8 [kuš]har 9 [kuša-ĝá-lá] 10 [kuš]ùsan 11 kušùsan šu 12 kušùsan gú-bi 13 kušsi è 14 kušhar 15 kuša-ĝá-lá col. ii kuš ! 1 si UD.[DU] 2 kušhar 3 kuša-ĝá-[lá] 4 ˹kušùsan˺ 5 kušùsan šu 6 kušùsan gú-bi 7 kušsi! ˹è˺ 8 kuš[har] 9 [kuša-ĝá-lá] 10 kuš[ùsan] 11 kušùsan šu 12 kušùsan gú-bi 13 ˹kušsi è˺ 14 kušhar 15 kuša-ĝá-lá Reverse col. i (=LEFT) 1 kuš[ . . . ] 2 kuš[har] 3 kuša-ĝá-[lá] 4 kušùsan 5 kušùsan šu 6 ˹kušùsan gú˺-bi 7 ˹kušsi˺ [UD.D]U 8 kuš[har] 9 kuša-ĝá-lá 10 kušùsan 11 kušùsan šu! 12 kušùsan gú-bi 13 kušsi UD.[DU] 14 kuš[har]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Ura 2 (Crafts)

col ii. (=RIGHT) [ku]š si-è [ku]š har kuš a-ĝá-lá kuš ùsan kuš ùsan šu kuš ùsan gú-bi k uš [ si] è [kuš] har ˹kuš ˺ a -[ĝá-lá] kuš˹ ùsan˺ kuš ùsan ˹šu!˺ kuš ùsan [gú-bi] ˹kuš˺ ˹ ˺ si è [kuš] har

Remarks For exercises of this type, which repeat a short series of entries multiple times, see also Civil 2010, 2.2.1 (MS 4156); 3.1.7 (MS 4131); 3.1.8 (MS 4133); and 3.1.9 (MS 4136). Gadotti and Kleinerman 2017 is a Type I tablet with a similar obverse. Obverse 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 386 4. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 443.

Landscape Type III (Reeds) 393. CUNES 50-02-053 Measurements: 48×60×20 Contents: Ura 2 (reed objects)

151

Obverse 1 [gima]-an-sim hal 2 [gim]a-an-sim zì-gu 3 [g]ima-an-sim dabin 4 gima-an-sim níĝ-àr-ra 5 gima-an-sim ˹HAR˺ KID 6 gi[ma]-˹an˺-sim ka-kešda 7 ˹gima˺-an-sim in-nu-da Reverse 1 [x]śà-an-˹sur˺ 2 [gi]níĝ-ésir 3 [gi]hal 4 [g]ihal zi-ig

Remarks Obverse 1. Parallels MS 2003 o iii 36. 4. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 91 and MS 2003 o iii 32. 7. Parallels MS 2003 o iii 33. Reverse 1. The designation šà-an-sur, meaning “diarrhea” or the like,1 is attested modifying animals such as udu, u8, and udx in the OB Nippur forerunner to Hh XIII ll. 31, 115, 132, respectively (MSL 8/1 83, 85). 2. giníĝ-ésir-ra occurs in OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 103. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 95 and MS 2003 r i 11. 4. Parallels MS 2003 r i. 12. 1 Veldhuis, personal communication, December 2017.

8 U R A 3 ( DOM E S T IC AND WI LD ANI MALS, CUTS O F MEAT) Type IV (Animals—OB Nippur Ura 3 Partial Parallels) 394. CUNES 48-09-192 Measurements: 68×74×23 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 udu ˹níĝ˺-ba 2 udu háb 3 udu èš Reverse 1 udu níĝ-ba 2 udu [háb] 3 u[du èš]

Remarks 1. To our knowledge, níĝ-ba does not occur modifying animals in the OB lexical corpus. However, udu níĝ-ba is attested in Ur III and OB administrative texts. 2. Compare uzu al-háb-ba in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 465. 3. Compare udu èš-èš in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 90. 395. CUNES 50-08-103 Measurements: 89×89×24 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 udu [a]-lum 2 udu a-[lum] gukkal 3 udu a-lum 4 udu a-lum gukkal Reverse Rotated approximately 180 degrees to the left and arranged into a rectangular box with three line dividers. Partially erased doodling.

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 8. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 11. 396. CUNES 48-11-085 Measurements: 81×78×31 Contents: Ura 3

Obverse 1 udu ad4 2 udu [( . . . )] a 3 udu [de5-d]e5-ga Reverse Erased

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l.17. 2. Perhaps to be restored something like udu-kud- kud-rá as in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 18. 3. Restored following OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 19. 397. CUNES 52-10-169 Measurements: 82×82×27 Contents: Animals Obverse 1 udu na degx-ga 2 udu é-an-na 3 udu dú-ra Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 20. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 51. 3. udu-TU occurs in Nippur forerunner to Hh XIII 16 (MSL 8/1, 83). For udu-tu-ra, see P230258 xi′ 8′, and OB cylinder from the Diyala; MDP 18, 030 o.3, r.3, an OB Type IV tablet from Susa. 398. CUNES 48-06-386 Measurements: 78×78×20 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 udu níĝ-nidba 2 udu níĝ-dab 3 udu ùr-ra written below the line: {indent} udu níĝ tab Reverse 1 ud[u níĝ-nid]ba 2 udu níĝ-dab 3 udu ùr-ra 152

U r a 3 ( D o m e s t i c a n d W i l d A n i m a l s, C u t s o f M e a t )

Remarks 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 34. 399. CUNES 47-12-004 Measurements: 77×77×26 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 udu nam-r i-ma 2 udu si-il-lá!(ME) 3 udu šu-gi-na Reverse 1 udu nam-r i 2 udu!(DIB) 3 udu

Remarks The student did not complete the exercise. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 41. 3. Although udu šu gi-na does not occur in OB Nippur Ura 3, gud šu gi-na does (l. 180). The line occurs in several unprovenanced texts (YBC 04679: o ii 45, YBC 11118: r iii 12, A 10098: o ii 19′, 22′ = MSL 08/1, 91–94). Although the terms in ll. 1 and 2 occur in these texts as well, the order listed in text 399 is so far unique. 400. CUNES 50-08-099 Measurements: 78×78×22 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 ˹udu˺ nam-érim-na 2 udu si min lá 3 [udu] nam-érim-na 4 [udu] si min lá Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Compare udu nam-érim-ma in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 50. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 42. 401. CUNES 50-02-096 Measurements: 88×78×23 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 [udu níĝ]-dé-a

153

2 [udu]-si-a 3 [udu] hi-a Reverse Lost

Remarks 1. Restored following OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 95. 2. Compare udu-su4-a in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 103. 3. Restored following OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 99. 402. CUNES 50-02-040 Measurements: 95×81×21 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 {indent} máš 2 [m]áš-gal 3 [má]š saĝ Reverse Erased

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 133. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 134. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 135. 403. CUNES 49-08-040 Measurements: 73×74×24 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 sila4 uzud 2 sila4 gub 3 sila4 [g]a Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 170. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 168. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 163. 404. CUNES 48-10-030 Measurements: 77×76×21 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 gud dalla 2 gud an-na 3 gud a

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Reverse 1 gud dalla 2 gud an-na 3 gud a

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 189. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 197. 3. gud-a occurs in ED Animal List B 98 (MEE 3, 57ff., 64ff.) and Hh XIII 314 (MSL 8/1, 45). 405. CUNES 52-18-182 Measurements: 74×68×25 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 {indent} á[b] 2 áb máh 3 áb šar9 Reverse 1 {indent} áb 2 áb ˹máh!˺ 3 áb šar9

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 205. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 217. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 208. 406. CUNES 48-04-085 Measurements: 67×69×27 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 ur-tur 2 ur tur-tur 3 ur PA Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 291. 3. PA may be a mistake for dib(LAGAB×PA) as in ur-dib in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 292. These terms also may be read as Sumerian personal names. The sequence Ur-tur, Ur-dumu, Ur-dumu- dumu occurs in PBS 11/3 ll. 692–694.

407. CUNES 48-06-393 (See Plate 12) Measurements: 91×91×30 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 {indent} ugu 2 ugu[ugu4?]-bi 3 {indent} az Reverse 1 {indent} ugu 2 ugu˹ugu4˺-bi 3 {indent} az

Remarks The reverse of the tablet contains traces of teeth marks. For a similar example, see Guinan and Leichty 2010. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 305. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 295. 408. CUNES 48-06-402 Measurements: 72×77×31 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 udu in-de5-dè 2 udu ug7 3 udu ì-gíd-dè Reverse 1 udu in-de5-d[è] 2 udu ug7 3 udu ì-gíd-dè written below the line: {indent} i-a-suen-ilum

Remarks 1. The verb degx is used in a similar context in SET 161 rev. l. 9. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 308. 409. CUNES 50-04-171 Measurements: 78×72×23 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 {indent} n[im] 2 [ni]m an-n[a] 3 [x] KA×LI

U r a 3 ( D o m e s t i c a n d W i l d A n i m a l s, C u t s o f M e a t )

Reverse Blank with fingernail impressions

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 344. 410. CUNES 50-09-030 Measurements: 86×84×20 Contents: Ura 3 Obverse 1 dnin-ka6 2 dnin-ka6 maš-maš 3 dnin-ka6 tir-ra Reverse Blank

Remarks 1–2. Lines 1 and 2 parallel OB Nippur Ura 3 ll. 371–372. As types of leather (kuš), the whole sequence (ll. 1–3) occurs in Hh XI 52ff. (MSL 7 125) and Forerunner Freiburg to Hh XI and XII (ASJ 9, 277). For the reading ka6, see Veldhuis 2002, 67–69.

Type IV (Animals—Unparalleled in Standard OB Nippur Ura 3) 411. CUNES 48-10-027 Measurements: 81×81×23 Contents: Animals Obverse 1 uzud máš 20 2 uzud máš 30 3 uzud sig7-sig7 Reverse Lost

Remarks 1–2. Although uzud máš (qualified by nud-a, dù- a, and tur5-ra) occurs in OB lexical texts from Kisurra and Susa, this sequence is unattested. 3. This line occurs in SLT 044 (CBS 14064, [P227759]): ii 14′, a nonstandard version of Ura 3. gud sig7-sig7 is attested in OB Nippur Ura 3 modifying gud, amar, kiši8, ĝír-tab, and udu.

155

412. CUNES 49-08-030 Measurements: 79×80×23 Contents: Animals Obverse 1 uzud babbar 2 uzud giggi 3 ˹u5˺mušen Reverse 1 [uzud] babbar 2 [uzud] giggi 3 [u5]mušen

Remarks 1–2. This sequence occurs in FAOS 02/1, 215 (P247526) b iii frg.e 8′–9′, in YBC 04679: o v 20– 21 (P235796) and in SLT 044 ii 10′–11′ (P227759). In all instances it is followed by uzud su4(-a). 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 385. 413. CUNES 50-04-158 Measurements: 79×77×29 Contents: Animals Obverse 1 ˹áb?˺ mah 2 [á]b? TÙM 3 [á]b?-x-˹x˺ Reverse 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank

Remarks 1. áb mah occurs in YBC 04679 r. i. 5 (P235796), an unprovenanced version of Ura 3.These may both be phonetic variants for áb máh in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 217. 414. CUNES 52-07-073 Measurements: 75×73×31 Contents: Animals Obverse 1 udu níĝ-˹šu?˺ 2 udu níĝ-˹gul˺ 3 udu ĝeš-tag-[ga?]

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Reverse Blank 415. CUNES 51-04-041 Measurements: 67×67×29 Contents: Obverse: Animals Reverse: Akkadian Personal Names Obverse 1 máš [ . . . ] 2 ˹x x x x˺ 3 {erased} Reverse 1 mì-lí-eš18-tár 2 mta-mu-˹x˺-tum 3 mta-˹x-x˺

Type IV (Cuts of Meat) 416. CUNES 49-12-066 Measurements: 59×63×21 Contents: Cuts of Meat Obverse 1 uzu ka 2 uzu saĝ KÁR 3 uzu ti Reverse 1 uzu ka 2 uzu saĝ ˹KÁR˺ 3 uzu ti

Remarks 2. Compare also OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 403, which reads uzu saĝ-du. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 426.

Type II (Animals) 417. CUNES 52-08-068 (See Plate 13) Measurements: 78*×96*×24 Contents: Animals Obverse col. i 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [gud] n[índa] 3′ [gud] áb 4′ gud dur áb-saĝ

5′ gud dur áb-saĝ murub4 6′ [g]ud šu-gi-na 7′ [g]ud ĝeš-KU7 8′ [gud h]u-nu-a col. ii 1′ ˹gud˺ [(x?)]-˹x˺ 2′ gud nínda 3′ gud áb 4′ gud dur áb-saĝ 5′ gud dur áb-saĝ murub4 6′ gud šu-gi-na 7′ gud ĝeš-KU7 8′ gud hu-nu-a Reverse col. i (= RIGHT) 1 {indent} udu 2 udu niga 3 udu niga sag10 4 udu niga ús 5 udu niga ĝír-gu-la 6 ˹udu˺ nìta 7 udu ĝèš dù-a 8 udu ú!{over erasure} 9 udu utua 10 udu a-lum 11 udu a-lum niga 12 udu a-lum niga sag10 13 udu a-lum gukkal (remainder of column blank) col. ii Blank col. iii Blank

Remarks Obverse 2′. Parallels Hh XIII 283 (MSL 8/1, 41). 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 203. 6′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 180. 8′. Compare gud al-hu-nu-na in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 191. Reverse col. i 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 1. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 2. 5. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 3. 6. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 4.

U r a 3 ( D o m e s t i c a n d W i l d A n i m a l s, C u t s o f M e a t )

7. Compare udu níta ĝeš-dù-a in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 5. 8. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 6. 9. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l.7. 10. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 8. 11. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 9. 12. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 10. 13. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 11. 418. CUNES 52-08-073 (See Plate 14) Measurements: 56*×57*×21 Contents: Obverse: Ura 3 Reverse: legal phrasebook Obverse col. i (beginning of column lost) 1′ ˹sila4˺ [ . . . ] 2′ sila4 [ . . . ] 3′ sila4 igi-d[u8-a] 4′ sila4 nim 5′ sila4 nim-nim col. ii (beginning of column lost) 1′ s[ila4 nim] 2′ sil[a4 nim-nim] Reverse col. i (=RIGHT) 1 ki-[ . . . ] ˹ ˺ 2 ki- x -[ . . . ] 3 AŠ-[ . . . ] 4 AŠ-[ . . . ] 5 AŠ-[ . . . ] 6 siskur [ . . . ] 7 ˹siskur˺ [ . . . ] col. ii (=LEFT) 1 ˹ì-x-ĝá?˺ 2 níĝ-kud 3 níĝ-kud ég 4 níĝ-kud é-gal 5 níĝ-kud šu-r i-a-bi 6 níĝ-kud igi 3-ĝál 7 níĝ-ĝál-˹la˺ 8 níĝ-ĝál-la ˹x x˺ 9 níĝ-˹x-x˺-[(x?)] 10 ˹nam-x˺-[ . . . ] 11 ˹nam-x˺-[ . . . ] (remainder of column lost)

157

Remarks Obverse 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 157. 4′. Compare sila4 nim-ma in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 158. Reverse col. ii 2. Parallels MS 4287 r ii 34 (P253360), which is an OB version of Ki-ulutinbiše. 5. Parallels MS 4287 r ii 35. 6. Parallels MS 4287 r ii 36. 7. Parallels OB Nippur Nigga ll. 69–71. We suggest that the text on the reverse was part of a legal phrasebook given that ll. 2, 5, and 6 are attested in MS 4287. Moreover, a close variant of l. 2 (níĝ- ku5-da) occurs in Hh I 85 (MSL 5. 15) and as Ana ittišu IV iii 2 (MSL 1, 59). l. 7 (níĝ-ĝál-la) parallels Hh I 81–84 and Ana ittišu IV iii 9 (MSL 1, 60). níĝ- ĝál-la also occurs as ll. 69–71 of OB Nippur Nigga but in sequence with many other entries beginning with níĝ-. 419. CUNES 52-08-072 Measurements: 39*×60*×24 Contents: Obverse: Ura 3 Reverse: Ura 2 Obverse col. i 1 amar ˹x˺-[ . . . ] 2 amar [ . . . ] 3 ˹amar˺ [ . . . ] (remainder of column lost) col. ii Lost Reverse col. i (=RIGHT) 1′ ˹urud˺ [ . . . ] 2′ urud ˹x-x˺-[(x?)] 3′ urud[aga?] 4′ urudaga [ . . . ] 5′ urud˹aga˺ [ . . . ] 6′ urud˹aga˺ [ . . . ] 7′ ˹urud˺[ . . . ] (remainder of column lost) col. ii (=LEFT) 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [UD.KA].BARdug

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158

3′ 4′ 5′ 6′ 7′

ĝeš x-x˺ zabar EN×GÁNt ˹ ˺ šu -ušzabar ˹ ˺ šu -uš-ĝarzabar (remainder of column lost) zabar

zabar˹

Remarks Obverse 1. OB Nippur Ura 3 ll. 222–237 begin with the amar-sign. Reverse col. i 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 507. col. ii 2′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 536. 7′. Compare šú-uš-ĝarzabar in OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 541.

Type III (Cuts of Meat) 420. CUNES 50-02-059 Measurements: 86*×54×27 Contents: Cuts of Meat Obverse 1 uzu šag4 ĜAR HI 2 ˹uzu˺ [šag4] SUR HI 3 [u]zu ˹šag4˺ PAD HI 4 ˹uzu šag4 sug4˺ 5 uzu ˹šag4˺ šu níĝin-˹na˺ 6 uzu ˹šag4 mur?˺ 7 [uzu] ˹šag4˺ ĝar-˹ĝar?˺ 8 [uzu] ˹šag4˺ lu-úb 9 [uzu] šag4 ús-sa 10 [uzu . . .] ˹x x˺ (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse (beginning of reverse lost) 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [uzu] úr 3′ uzu úr kun 4′ uzu kun 5′ uzu gaba 6′ uzu ĝeš gaba 7′ uzu igi dubulxdu-bu-ul

Remarks Obverse 5. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 441. 8. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 442. 9. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 444. Reverse 2′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 448. 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 449. 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 450. 6′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 451. 7′. Compare uzu tugul in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 452.

Prism (Ura 3, Ura 5) 421. CUNES 52-10-161 (See Plate 15) Measurements: 22*×68*×43* Contents: Animals (Ura 3), Geographical Names (Ura 5) face a face a, col. i (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [x] ˹x x˺ 3′ [x] ˹šag4-ga˺ 4′ [muš] ˹˹šag4˺-tùr 5′ [muš] ˹˹šag4˺-tùr 6′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face a, col. i 4′. Restored following OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 276. face a, col. ii (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ] ˹ ˺ 2′ [gud]- x ˹ ˺ 3′ gud á ùr-ra 4′ gud nesaĝ 5′ gud nesaĝ-saĝ 6′ gud mu-2 7′ ˹gud mu˺-3 (remainder of column lost)

U r a 3 ( D o m e s t i c a n d W i l d A n i m a l s, C u t s o f M e a t )

Remarks face a, col. ii 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 175. 6′. Parallels MSL 11, A 07895 xi 18, an OB cylinder from the Diyala. 7′. Parallels MSL 11, A 07895 xi 17. face a, col. iii (beginning of column lost) 1′ ˹amar˺ [ . . . ] 2′ amar [ . . . ] 3′ amar šīrumrum(UZU) 4′ amar babbar 5′ amar ˹giggi˺ 6′ amar ˹su4˺-a 7′ ˹amar˺ [sig7?-sig7?] (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face a, col. iii 4′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 233. 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 234. 6′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 235. 7′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 236. face b face b, col. i (beginning of column lost) 1′ ˹EZENxBADki˺ 2′ EZENxBADki 3′ EZENxBADki 4′ bàd kur-raki 5′ mùruki 6′ [IM?]ki (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face b, col. i. 1′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 172. 2′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 173. 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 174. 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 195. 6′. Restored following OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 196.

1′ 2′

face b, col. ii (beginning of column lost) ˹ x-x˺-[xki] zi-ib-[ba?-tum?ki]

159

3′ ti-NI-˹x˺-[xki] ˹ ˺ 4′ NI- x -[xki] ˹ ˺ 5′ x -[x-xki] (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face b, col. ii 2′. Restored following Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 1 v 4 (MSL 11, 132).

Prism (Ura 3, Ura 5, Ura 4) 422. CUNES 52-10-145 (See Plate 16) Measurements: 70*×111×106 Contents: Animals (Ura 3), Geographical Names (Ura 5), Birds (Ura 4) face a face a, col. i Lost face a, col. ii (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 2′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺-nu 3′ [bi]r5 2 ku-da 4′ [b]ir5 še 2/3 kud 5′ bir5 nunuz saĝ 6′ {indent} uzu 7′ {indent} uzu 8′ {indent} uzu 9′ {indent} uzu 10′ {indent} uzu 11′ {indent} eh 12′ {indent} eh 13′ {indent} eh (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face a, col. ii 6′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 402. 11′–13′. Parallel OB Nippur Ura 3 ll. 329–332. face a, col. iii (beginning of column lost) 1′ ˹gud ti dara4˺ 2′ gud suhub 3′ gud ĝeš-dù-a 4′ gud úÚR×X RU

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5′ gud ab-ba 6′ gud saĝ 7′ gud šīrumrum 8′ gud si dili 9′ gud áb 10′ {indent} áb 11′ áb babbar 12′ áb giggi 13′ ˹áb máh (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face a, col. iii 1′. Parallels ED Animal List A 40. 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 176. 9′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 203. 10′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 205. 13′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 217. face a, col. iv (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ an[še . . .] 3′ dú[su (x?)] 4′ anše nun-˹na˺ 5′ anše ĝír-nun-na 6′ ˹eme6˺ 7′ eme6 ˹peš5?˺ 8′ anše ĝeš[gigir] 9′ anše ĝešgu-[za] 10′ anše ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 11′ anše [ . . . ] 12′ an[še . . .] (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face a, col iv. 3′. OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 239 reads dusu2, but there is room for another sign here. 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 253. 4′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 247. 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 248. 8′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 250. 9′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 249. face b face b, col. i (beginning of column lost)

˹ ˺[ki] 1′ [x]- x ˹ 2′ [x]- HAg?˺ki ˹ ˺ 3′ x -MANki 4′ saĝ-duki 5′ iri-ulki 6′ iri-kugki 7′ iri-gibilki 8′ [i]ri-saĝ-r ig7!(PA.HÚB.DU!) ~ki 9′ [iri?]-saĝ-an-na ~˹ki˺ 10′ [ . . . ]˹x˺ki 11′ [ . . . ]ki (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face b, col. i 4′. Compare iri-SAĜ.DU in Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 1 vi 33 (MSL 11, 133). 5′. Compare iri-ul-lí-aki in OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 246. 6′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 242. 7′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 243. 8′. Parallels Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 5 ii 7′ (MSL 11, 139). 9′. Parallels Antagal G 188 (MSL 17, 226). face b, col. ii 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ zàrar-g[i4]˹ki˺ 3′ zàrar-gi4-˹eden?˺ ~ki 4′ la-ra-akki 5′ il-ta-agki 6′ il-ta-gi-˹x-x˺ ~ki 7′ é-dur5ki 8′ é-dur5 dšul-giki 9′ é-dur5 di-ni--˹tum!˺ki 10′ é-dur5 ha-ma-ziki 11′ é-dur5 ba-zaki 12′ [é-dur5] ˹bi?˺-sàki 13′ [ . . . ]-˹xki˺ (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face b, col. ii

U r a 3 ( D o m e s t i c a n d W i l d A n i m a l s, C u t s o f M e a t )

4′. Parallels Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 1 v 20 (MSL 11, 132). 5′. Parallels Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 1 iv 47 (MSL 11 132). 7′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 286. 9′. Restored according to OB Nippur 5 l. 273. 11′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 288. 12′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 289.

1′ 2′ 3′ 4′ 5′ 6′ 7′ 8′ 9′ 10′ 11′ 12′ 13′

face b, col. iii (beginning of column lost) kur [ . . . ] kur su-˹x˺[ki] hu-mu-ziki pa-r i-zaki an-za-gàrki an-za-gàr ur-IGI-xki an-za-gàr da-daki an-za-gàr bú-búki an-za-gàr SUki an-za-gàr nu-ĝeškiri6 an-za-gàr KI ˹x˺ UDk[i] ˹ mar˺-ha-šik[i] [x x] ˹x x˺[ki] (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face b, col. iii 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 294. 7′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 296. 8′. Compare OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 297, which has bu-bu in lieu of bú-bú. 12′. Although unattested in OB lists, mar-ha-šiki occurs in first millennium lists, for which, see MSL 11, 58, and 60. For mar-ha-šiki in OB documents, see RGTC 3 p. 160. (Groneberg 1980). face b, col iv Lost face c

1′

face c, col. i Lost face c, col. ii Lost face c, col. iii (beginning of column lost) [ . . . ]

2′ 3′ 4′

161

[ . . . ]-kur [ . . . ]-ši ki-nu- ~um ˹ x x x x˺ (remainder of column lost)

face c, col. iv (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ ˹ég x-x˺ 3′ ég a ˹zal-la˺ 4′ ég ˹ĝeššinig˺ 5′ ég ˹túl˺ 6′ ég d[al?-ba?-na?] (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face c, col. iv Although there appear to be no direct parallels, the ég section of OB Nippur Ura 5 occurs in ll. 371–378a. 6′. Restored according to OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 377. face d face d, col. i (beginning of column lost) 1′ ˹buru4˺ [(x?)mušen] 2′ buru4 numunmušen 3′ buru4 nitamušen 4′ ˹dní?-namma˺mušen 5′ [d]˹ní?-namma-maš˺mušen 6′ [ . . . ]mušen (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face d, col. i 2′. Parallels CT 06, pl. 11–14, BM 092611 d ii 17, an OB prism from Sippar. 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 399. 4′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 408. 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 409. face d, col. ii (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ]˹mušen˺ 2′ ˹bir5˺mušen 3′ simmušen 4′ sim in-nu-damušen

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5′ 6′ 7′

ĝìr-mulmušen ˹ kir4-babbar mušen˺ [ . . . ]˹mušen˺ (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face d, col. ii 2′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 456. 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 457. 4′. Compare gur-in-nu-damušen in CT 06, pl. 11–14, BM 092611 d ii 31. 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 476. 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 478. face d, col. iii (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ]˹mušen˺ 2′ [ . . . ]˹mušen˺ 3′ [ . . . ]˹mušen˺ 4′ HU-gamušen 5′ anzudmušen

6′ saĝ-kalmušen 7′ dúb?-˹dúb?mušen˺ 8′ amar mušen 9′ ˹amar-saĝ˺mušen 10′ [ . . . ]mušen (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face d, col. iii 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 410. 7′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 465. 8′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 500. 9′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 493.

1′ 2′ 3′ 4′

face d, col iv (beginning of column lost) ˹ ˺ x [ . . . ] ˹ ˺ x [ . . . ] ˹ ˺ x [ . . . ] ˹ ˺ x [ . . . ] (remainder of column lost)

9 U R A 4 ( S TONES; P LAN TS; BI RDS; FI SH; TEXTI LES) Type IV (Stones—Ura 4 Parallels)

2 na4saĝ [x] 3 na4saĝ-[gul] Reverse 1 na4saĝ 2 na4saĝ [x] 3 na4saĝ-gu[l]

423. CUNES 48-06-385 Measurements: 72×83×24 Contents: Ura 4 (stones) Obverse 1 na4nír 2 na4nír dùg 3 na4nír igi Reverse 1 na4nír 2 na4nír dùg 3 na4nír igi

Remarks For possible parallels to this section, see OB Nippur Ura 4 ll. 98–102. 426. CUNES 52-10-168 Measurements: 80×78×26 Contents: Ura 4 (stones) Obverse 1 na4nunuz 2 na4nunuz babbar 3 na4nunuz giggi Reverse Lost

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 53. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 55. 424. CUNES 52-17-079 Measurements: 68*×68*×25 Contents: Ura 4 (stones) Obverse 1 [na4] igi muš 2 [NI].UD igi ku6 3 [N]I.UD šu-a-zu Reverse 1 [na4 igi] muš 2 [na4 igi] ku6 3 [na4 šu-a]-zu

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 139. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 139a. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 139b. 427. CUNES 49-13-151 Measurements: 73×82×24 Contents: Ura 4 (stones) Obverse 1 na4˹kinkin šu˺-[šu] 2 na4kinkin šu 3 na4a-a-ar-tum Reverse 1 na4kinkin šu-šu 2 na4kinkin šu 3 na4a-a-ar-tum

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 96. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 97. 3.This stone is otherwise unattested in the OB lexical corpus, but note OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 165, which reads na4šu-u.

Remarks

425. CUNES 49-13-144 Measurements: 87×83×25 Contents: Ura 4 (stones) Obverse 1 na4[saĝ]

1–2. Compare OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 111, which reads na4 kinkin šu sig10-ga. 3. Compare OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 161, which reads na4 a-ar-tum.

163

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428. CUNES 48-08-188 Measurements: 83×81×25 Contents: Ura 4 (stone weights) Obverse 1 na4 10 ma-na 2 na4 4 ma-na 3 na4 3 ma-na Reverse 1 [n]a4 10 ma-na 2 [n]a4 4 ma-na 3 [n]a4 3 ma-na

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 184. 2. OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 185 has na4 5 ma-na, in place of 4 ma-na. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 186. 429. CUNES 48-11-095 Measurements: 86×90×36 Contents: Ura 4 (stone weights) Obverse 1 na4 22 ½ še 2 na4 20 š[e] 3 na4 15 š[e] 4 [na4] 10 še Reverse 1 [n]a4 22 ½ ˹še˺ 2 [n]a4 20 ˹še˺ 3 na4 15 še 4 na4 10 ˹še˺

Remarks This sequence na4 22 1/2 še, (then 20, 15, 20, 5, 3, 2, 1) occurs in OB Nippur Ura 4 ll. 202–206c.

Type IV (Stones—Unparalleled) 430. CUNES 49-08-035 Measurements: 79×76×27 Contents: Ura 4 (stones) Obverse 1 na4na gú-bi-na 2 na4ga-sur 3 na4 arhuš 4 na4 LAGAB×U 5 na4en-gi-[s]a6 Reverse

1 na4na gú-bi-na 2 na4˹ga˺-sur 3 na4 arhuš 4 na4 LAGAB×U 5 na4en-˹gi˺-sa6

Remarks 1. Compare Hh XVI Nippur Forerunner 151 (MSL 10, 59), which reads na4 na-gú-bí-na. 2. A variant of this line occurs in OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 172 as na4ka-sur-ra. na4ga-sur is attested also in the Exploits of Ninurta ll. 435, 439, and 571. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 88. 4. The reading of the sign is unclear. na4pú and na4túl, for instance, are unattested. 5. A variant of na4-en-gú-en-sa6 as in Hh XVI Nippur Forerunner 74 (MSL 10, 57). 431. CUNES 49-08-135 Measurements: 81×80×28 Contents: Ura 4 (stones) Obverse 1 na4 zag gú-˹bar˺ za-[gìn] 2 na4˹U.AD?˺ gú za-gìn 3 na4kišib ˹za-gìn˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. For this line, see Hh XVI Nippur Forerunner 31b (MSL 10, 55). It occurs also in Hh 16 Seg.1, 92. na4gú-bar za-[gìn] occurs in BBVOT 03, 01 obv. l. 45 (P332830), a Type I tablet from OB Larsa, and in BM 015780a face c col. i l. 6 (P429484), an unprovenanced OB prism. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 39. 432. CUNES 52-10-171 Measurements: 67*×74*×28 Contents: Ura 4 (stones) Obverse 1 [na4]níĝ-˹dím-ma˺ 2 [na4]níĝ-dirig 3 [na4]níĝ-˹sal˺-la Reverse 1 [n]a4níĝ-˹dím-ma˺ 2 [n]a4níĝ-dirig 3 [n]a4níĝ-sal-la

U r a 4 ( S t o n e s ; P l a n t s ; B i r d s ; F i s h ; Te x t i l e s )

Type IV (Birds—Ura 4 and ED Birds Parallels) 433. CUNES 52-18-181 Measurements: 81×84×31 Contents: Ura 4 (birds) Obverse 1 {indent} mušen 2 u5mušen 3 u5-bímušen Reverse Blank

Remarks 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 385. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 386. 434. CUNES 48-06-388 Measurements: 98×93×32 Contents: Ura 4 (birds) Obverse 1 eden-nunmušen 2 gur{erasure}mušen 3 dub-lámušen 4 kúkkumušen 5 ù-ku-kumušen Reverse 1 eden-nunmušen 2 gur!mušen 3 dub-lámušen 4 kúkkumušen 5 ù-ku-kumušen

Remarks 1. Parallels ED Birds 53. 2. Parallels ED Birds 127. 3. Parallels ED Birds 82. 5. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 406.

Type IV (Fish—Ura 4 and ED Fish Parallels) 435. CUNES 48-10-016 Measurements: 98×99×37 Contents: Ura 4 (fish) Obverse 1 mulku6 2 ˹saĝ-tar ma?˺-tarku6

165

3 ab-[suhur]ku6 4 nínda-ab-[suhur]ku6 5 e-sírku6 Reverse 1 mulku6 2 saĝ-[tar ma-tark]u6 3 ab-[suhurk]u6 4 ní[nda-ab-suhurk]u6 5 ˹e-sírku6˺

Remarks 1. Parallels ED Fish List l. 33; Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 2 rev. ii′ 7′ (MSL 11 136). Indeed, the whole text follows closely the ED Fish List—e.g., Civil 2010, 6.2.2 o ii 1–5 (MS 2722 [P251735], an Old Akkadian version of ED Fish), which has the sequence mul-ku6, a-ab-ku6, ab-suhur-ku6, nínda- ab-suhur-ku6, e-sír-ku6. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 343 and Civil 2010, 3.4.1 (MS 4138 c i 16 [P253236]), an unprovenanced OB prism. 4. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 344 and MS 4138 c i 17. 5. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 358. 436. CUNES 48-09-190 Measurements: 102×98×35 Contents: ED Fish List Obverse 1 kaš4-kaš4ku6 2 dnin-a-tuku6 3 šu-a-tag-gaku6 4 sal-salku6 5 kar-kidku6 Reverse 1 kaš4-[ka]š4ku6 2 dni[n-a-tu]ku6 3 ˹šu˺-[a-tag-ga]ku6 4 ˹sal˺-[sal]ku6 5 kar-kidku6

Remarks 1. kaš4-kaš4ku6 is attested in the ED Fish List l. 62 and Nanše B l. 7. 4. For sal-salku6, see ED Fish List l. 102, Hh XVIII 42, 43 (MSL 8/2 103), and Home of the Fish Seg. B 4.

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5. Although kar-kidku6 is not attested, cf. kar-kidmušen; sal-salmušen in Nanše C Seg. C l. 8 and lexically (e.g., kar-kidmušen in CM 22, pl 36–37 r v 24 [P247864], a multicolumn tablet from Šaduppum containing entries from Ura 1, 2, and 4; see further Veldhuis 2004, 259, 278–79).

2 gada saĝ 3 gada ús Reverse 1 gada ˹APIN-lugal˺ 2 gada saĝ 3 gada ˹ús˺

Type IV (Textiles—Ura 4 Parallels)

Remarks

437. CUNES 50-08-111 Measurements: 72×72×27 Contents: Ura 4 (wool) Obverse 1 ˹siki˺ sag10 2 ˹siki˺ du 3 [siki] gur-nu-um Reverse 1 siki sag10 2 siki du 3 siki gur-nu-um

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 503. 438. CUNES 49-08-031 Measurements: 83×82×22 Contents: Ura 4 (linen) Obverse 1 {indent} gada 2 [gada] mah 3 [x] é-mes Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 618. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 619. 3. For é-mes, see Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 8 vii 34 (MSL 11, 142).

Type IV (Textiles—Unparalleled) 439. CUNES 51-10-087 (See Plate 17) Measurements: 76×75×20 Contents: Ura 4 (linen) Obverse 1 gada APIN-lugal

The exercise is partially erased and covered with doodling; the edge of the tablet is scored and has been reused several times. 2. This line is attested in an unprovenanced OB prism BM 015780a b i 21 (P429484). 3. This line is attested in a Susa forerunner to Hh XIX (MSL 10 155). 440. CUNES 50-04-176 Measurements: 75×66×29 Contents: Ura 4 (wool) Obverse 1 siki x HI!-x [(x)] 2 siki NÍNDA×[X?].A.X? hi-[a] 3 siki [(x?)] DIŠ ˹x˺ 4 siki U? ˹x x˺ Reverse 1 siki [x] hi-˹a?˺ 2 siki ˹NÍNDA×X.X? hi-a?˺ 3 siki ˹x x x x˺ 4 ˹siki mug? x˺ 441. CUNES 52-08-077 Measurements: 62×67×22 Contents: Ura 4 (textiles) Obverse 1 túg[íb]-lá 2 túg[íb]-lá su4-a 3 túg˹íb˺-lá gùn-a Reverse 1 túg˹íb˺-lá 2 túg[íb]-l[á] ˹su4˺-a 3 túg í[b-lá gù]n-a Doodling on the bottom edge of the reverse

Remarks This sequence is attested in OB Nippur Ura 2 ll. 427–429 but with kuš as the determinative. It also occurs in CBS 4608 r v 29–31 (P227948), a nonstandard version of Ura 4 from OB Nippur, and in

U r a 4 ( S t o n e s ; P l a n t s ; B i r d s ; F i s h ; Te x t i l e s )

YBC 10974 o 3′–5′ (P311257), an unprovenanced version of Ura 4.

Reverse Erased

442. CUNES 49-13-165 Measurements: 62×65×24 Contents: Ura 4 (textiles) Obverse 1 túg [x] 2 túg ˹x˺ 3 siki ˹x (x?)˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks

443. CUNES 53-01-209 Measurements: 81×75×28 Contents: Ura 4 (textiles) Obverse 1 ˹túg˺ [dun] 2 ˹túg x˺-[x?] 3 ˹túg˺ LUM-m[a] Reverse 1 [túg] ˹dun˺ 2 [túg] ˹x DÙN?˺ 3 [túg LU]M-ma

Remarks 1. Compare Hh XIX Nippur Forerunner 69 (MSL 10, 147), which reads túg dun-dun.

Type II (Textiles) 444. CUNES 53-02-036 Measurements: 59*×72*×25 Contents: Ura 4 (textiles) Obverse col. i 1′ túg ˹x x x˺ 2′ túg su4-a 3′ túgpàla 4′ túgšutur 5′ túggú-è 6′ túggú-è huš-a 7′ túggú-è níĝ-lám 8′ túggú-è!(DU) mu-ra col. ii Erased

167

2′. Compare túg im su4-a in OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 577. 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 584. 4′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 538. 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 608. 6′. Parallels Hh XIX Ugarit 147 (MSL 10, 151). 7′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 561. 8′. Compare OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 572, which reads [túg] mu-˹ra˺.

Type IV (Plants—Paralleled) 445. CUNES 50-04-172 Measurements: 70×65×25 Contents: Ura 4 (plants) Obverse 1 šimbirida˹sar˺ 2 úgamun˹sar˺ 3 ga-raš˹sar˺ Reverse Lost

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 281. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 276. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 298.

Type IV (Plants—Unparalleled) 446. CUNES 52-10-166 Measurements: 73*×74*×27 Contents: Ura 4 (plants) Obverse 1 ˹ú˺[ZI&ZI.LAGAB?] 2 ú[ZI&ZI.LAGAB?] 3 ú[a x] Reverse 1 úZI&ZI.[LAGAB?] 2 ú˹ZI&ZI.˺[LAGAB?] 3 úa ˹x˺

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447. CUNES 53-02-133 Measurements: 63×66×30 Contents: Ura 4 (plants) Obverse 1 [x?] garadinx((ŠE.NUN&NUN.LAGAB) &(ŠE.NUN&NUN.LAGAB)) 2 [ú]númun 3 [ú]númun a búr-ra 4 [ . . . ] ˹x dšamaš ˺-ì-lí ù dšamaš-ì-lí ù dšamaš- [ì?-lí?] (written in smaller signs) Reverse 1 [x?] garadinx 2 [ú] númun 3 [ú]˹númun a búr˺-ra (remainder of reverse lost)

Type III (Birds) 448. CUNES 48-06-487 Measurements: 85×47×26 Contents: Ura 4 (birds) Obverse 1 [ . . . ] 2 ˹muš-xmušen?˺ 3 ˹muš-x˺-dnin-˹gal?˺ 4 u5-bímušen 5 gú-bímušen 6 x-tur mušen 7 šag4li-bi ˹uz-xmušen?˺ 8 x-BUmušen 9 šim 10 x-dur mušen 11 ˹x x˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks 4. For u5-bímušen, see OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 386. 4–5. Lines 4 and 5 appear in the same sequence in SLT 76 rev. ii ll. 32–33 (P227909), a Type I tablet from OB Nippur.

Type I (Fish—ED Fish/Ura 4 Parallels) 449. CUNES 52-08-063 Measurements: 66*×65*×28 Contents: Ura 4 (fish)

Obverse col. i 1 [ . . . ]˹ku6˺ 2 [ . . . ]˹ku6˺ 3 [ . . . ]-˹HI˺ku6 4 [ . . . ]-DI-KIDku6 5 [ . . . ]ku6 6 [ . . . ]ku6 7 [ . . . ]ku6 8 [ . . . ]ku6 9 [ . . . ]ku6 10 [ . . . ]ku6 11 [ . . . ]ku6 12 [ . . . ]ku6 13 [ . . . ]ku6 (remainder of column lost) col. ii 1 ˹agargarax sìla˺ku6 2 ˹agargarax˺ a-ab-ba˹ku6˺ 3 ˹gir˺ku6 4 ˹gir-šu˺ku6 5 ˹sumaš˺ku6 6 eštubku6 7 ˹saĝ-kud˺ku6 8 ˹kud-dù˺ku6 9 ˹ŠÚ.MUL˺ku6 10 a-ab-baku6 11 ab-suhurku6 12 nínda-ab-suhurku6 13 e-sírku6 14 gur7ku6 15 mušku6 16 ˹du6?˺ku6 17 ˹xku6˺ (remainder of column lost)

Remarks col. ii 1. Parallels ED Fish l. 25; OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 334a. 2. Compare OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 336, which reads agargara ab-baku6. 3. Parallels ED Fish l. 27; OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 339. 4. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 340. 5. Parallels ED Fish l. 23; OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 319. 6. Parallels ED Fish l. 54; OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 320. 7. Parallels Hh XVIII 91 (MSL 8/2, 113).

U r a 4 ( S t o n e s ; P l a n t s ; B i r d s ; F i s h ; Te x t i l e s )

8. Parallels UET 7 92 col. v l. 10′ (P247851), an OB Ur version of Ura 2, 4; see also RT 56 rev. col. iii l. 30, an unprovenanced version of OB Ura 2, 4. 11. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 343. 12. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 344. 13. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 358. 14. Parallels ED Fish l. 38; OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 371. 15. Parallels ED Fish l. 39; OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 370. col. iii 1 ˹x-(x?)˺-a-˹x˺ku6 2 ˹gi?-bar˺ku6 3 ˹ubi˺ku6 ˹ 4 gi- girx˺ku6 5 lú-ulu3ku6 6 ˹huš˺ku6 7 ˹DU-DU˺ku6 8 ˹x˺-[(x?)]˹ku6˺ ˹ ˺ku6 9 GUD- x d 10 nin-tuku6 11 la-gu7ku6 ˹ ku6˺ 12 kar- x 13 bí-za-x-˹balaĝ-di?˺- ~kar-gub-ba-za-na?ku6 14 du6ku6 15 (traces) (remainder of column lost)

Remarks col. iii 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 378. Compare ED Fish l. 12, which reads ubix. 5. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 329. Compare ED Fish l. 56, which reads lú-ùlu-ĜÁku6. 7. Compare ED Fish l. 62, which reads kas4-kas4ku6. 11. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 377. 13. Compare ED Birds l. 101, which reads Zi&ZI.A-limušen; OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 498, which reads bíl-za-za-gù-balaĝ-ĝá-kar-gir5-za-namušen. 14. Parallels ED Fish l. 40; OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 369. Reverse Lost.

169

Prisms (Birds) CUNES 52-10-145 Contents: items attested in Ura 3 (animals), Ura 5 (geography), Ura 4 (birds) **For transliteration, see sub Ura 3 450. CUNES 52-10-163 Measurements: 35*×90*×64* Contents: Ura 4 (birds) (beginning of face lost) col. i′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [te8?]-˹uz?˺mušen 2′ ˹uz?˺mušen 3′ ˹uz?˺-gi16mušen 4′ ˹uz?˺ babbar mušen (remainder of column lost) col. ii′ 1′ ˹a12-rá-bu nítamušen˺ 2′ a12-rá-bu-ummuš[en] 3′ e-zimušen 4′ ˹x-x-x-x-zi?mušen˺ (remainder of column lost) col. iii′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ ˹x-x-x˺ [x] 2′ ˹x-x˺ [x] 3′ ˹x-r i?˺ [x] 4′ ˹x-nun?˺ [x] (remainder of column lost) (remainder of face lost)

Remarks col. i′ 1′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 439. 2′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 440. 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 441. 4′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 442. col. ii′ 2′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 487. 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 387.

10 URA 5 (GEO GRAP HY ) Type IV (Toponyms) 451. CUNES 48-11-096 Measurements: 84×86×25 Contents: Ura 5 (toponyms) Obverse 1 ˹ni˺-ig-gumki 2 ˹tu˺-lu-umki 3 má-ríki written below the line: {indent} AN Reverse 1 ˹ni˺-ig-gumki 2 tu-lu-{erasure}umki 3 má-ríki written below the line: {indent} saĝ-ĝá MAR

Remarks The sequence parallels Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 8 ii 16 (MSL 11, 141).

Type IV (Toponyms—Unparalleled) 452. CUNES 51-04-037 Measurements: 75×77×30 Contents: Ura 5 (toponyms) Obverse 1 é-duru5 ma-[rí] 2 é-duru5 ma-rí!(UR)ki 3 é-duru5 GA-si-id Reverse 1 é-duru5 ma-rí!(UR) 2 é-duru5 ma-rí!(UR)ki 3 é-duru5 GA-si-id 453. CUNES 52-03-026 Measurements: 73×76×21 Contents: Ura 5 (toponyms) Obverse 1 é-duru5-si-sáki 2 é-duru5-dšul-˹giki˺ 3 é-duru5-arki

Reverse ˹ 1 [é]- duru5˺-si-sáki 2 é-duru5-dšul-giki 3 é-duru5-arki 454. CUNES 48-06-403 Measurements: 81×86×25 Contents: Ura 5 (toponyms) Obverse 1 é saĝ-an-naki 2 é unugki 3 é šu-bar-raki Reverse 1 [é saĝ-an-naki] 2 [é unug]ki 3 [é šu]-bar-raki

Remarks A series beginning with é followed by toponyms occurs in OB Nippur 5 ll. 209–214 and in l. 225.

Type IV (Field Names—Partial Parallels with OB Nippur Ura 5) 455. CUNES 50-02-050 Measurements: 92×90×23 Contents: Ura 5 (field names) Obverse 1 a-šag4 apin-lá 2 a-šag4 igi-3-ĝál 3 a-šag4 [a?]-gàr written below the line: {indent} HU and traces of erased doodling Reverse Erased

Remarks 3. See OB Nippur Ura 5 ll. 47–48. 456. CUNES 50-08-097 Measurements: 74×73×26 Contents: Ura 5 (field names)

170

Ura 5 (Geography)

Obverse 1 a-šag4 é kab-[ba] 2 a-šag4 íl-[la] 3 a-šag4 DÙN-[x] Reverse 1 a-šag4 é kab-˹ba˺ 2 a-šag4 íl-l[a] 3 a-šag4 DÙN-[x]

Type IV (Field Names—Unparalleled) 457. CUNES 49-03-039 Measurements: 73×68×23 Contents: Ura 5 (field names) Obverse 1 a-šag4 dúl dha-ìa 2 a-šag4 dúl den-líl-lá 3 a-šag4 dúl-la ki-ĝar Reverse Blank

Type IV (Geography—Other) 458. CUNES 50-02-045 Measurements: 86×78×24 Contents: Ura 5 (rivers/canals) Obverse 1 [í]d ˹ar˺-ha-an 2 [í]d me-den-[líl-lá] 3 [í]d áb-[gal] Reverse 1 íd ar-ha-an 2 íd me-den-[líl-lá] 3 íd áb-gal

Remarks 2. See Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunners 10 i 9 (MSL 11 144). 3. See Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunners 10 i 8 (MSL 11 144). 459. CUNES 49-03-032 Measurements: 73×73×25 Contents: Ura 5 (land) Obverse 1 kalam den-líl-lá 2 kalam dutu-è 3 kalam dutu TU-TU

171

Reverse Blank

Remarks 3. Alternatively to be read as a syllabic spelling of the goddess Uttu(TAG×TÚG), although the writing d ut-tu is not attested before the first millennium. This tablet also may be an unparalleled version of Izi because of the sequence kalam, kalam-daĝal-la in OB Nippur Proto Izi tablet i 241–242.

Type II (Rivers/Canals) 460. CUNES 49-03-0181 Measurements: 168×118×32 Contents: Ura 5 (rivers/canals) Obverse 1 íd EN.UD.NUN 2 íd kir4-sig 3 íd gal BAD 4 íd a ì-ĝar-ra 5 íd ka bad 6 íd IG-RU-RU 7 íd maš-tab-ab 8 ˹íd sahar-ba˺ 9 ˹íd˺ EN.UD.X 10 íd kir4-[sig] 11 ˹íd˺ gal ˹BAD˺ 12 ˹íd a ì? ĝar˺-ra 13 [íd] ˹ka bad˺ 14 ˹íd˺ IG-RU-RU 15 íd maš-tab!-ba 16 íd sahar ˹x˺ col ii 1 íd [ . . . ] (remainder of column blank) Reverse Blank or Erased

Type III (Geography) 461. CUNES 50-11-045 Measurements: 80×50×26 Contents: Ura 5 (toponyms)

1 We would like to thank Niek Veldhuis and John Carnahan for providing us with a transliteration of this text.

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Obverse 1 a[ki] 2 a-sigki 3 a-nimki ˹ ˺ki 4 mar- tu 5 a-pi-salki 6 IMki 7 IMki 8 UDki 9 UDki 10 me-luh-[ha]ki 11 a-a-ab-iaki 12 má-nu-naki 13 [x]ki 14 [aš-t]e-kugki 15 [ . . . ]˹ki˺ Reverse Blank except for: ˹x˺-ma sì-ga (in the bottom right-hand corner when the tablet is rotated 90 degrees to the right).

Remarks 2. a-sig-[ga] occurs in Proto-Kagal S1 377 (MSL 13, 77). 3. a-nim-[ma] occurs in Proto-Kagal S1 376 (MSL 13, 77). 5. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 199. 6, 7. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 ll. 195–197. 8, 9. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 ll. 192–194. 10. Parallels OB Nippur Ura 5 l. 254. 14. This toponym occurs in the first millennium version of the list, Hh XXI Section 1 19 (MSL 11, 11).

Prism (Geography) CUNES 52-10-145 Contents: items attested in Ura 3 (animals), Ura 5 (geography), Ura 4 (birds) **For transliteration, see sub Ura 3.

11 URA 6 (FO O D I TEMS) Type IV (Unparalleled)

Reverse 1 [kašdi]dax ímgaga 2 kašdidax ús 3 kašdidax ˹huš˺

462. CUNES 48-11-091 Measurements: 82×82×30 Contents: Ura 6 (pastries) Obverse 1 ninda-ì-˹dé-a˺ ì 2 ˹ninda˺-ì-dé-a ì-ĝeš 3 [ninda]-ì-dé-a ì-nun Reverse 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank

Remarks 1. This line occurs in SLT 12 o ii 7 (P227925), an early OB Nippur version of Ura 6. 2. Compare N 6252 (MSL 11, 95 I1 o i 3), an OB Nippur version of Ura 6, which reads kaš huš-a. 465. CUNES 49-13-153 Measurements: 77×79×28 Contents: Ura 6 (cereal) Obverse 1 útu ga dé-a 2 útu še pad-rá 3 útu zíz pad-rá Reverse Blank

Remarks Although not attested in OB Nippur Ura 6, ll. 2 and 3 occur in SLT 016 o v 3′–4′ (CBS 06042 (+) CBS 06491 + N 6042) (P229352). Line 2 occurs also in SLT 015 (CBS 11082 b ii 18 [P227657]), a prism of Ura 6 with a number of other pastries. Line 3 occurs elsewhere in CBS 15051 l. 2′ (P227791) in a similar context. A vessel for ninda-ì-dé-a (dugbur-zi ninda-ì- dé-a) is attested in OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 299.

Remarks 1. Compare ED Food 44, which reads utux(LAK384) ga dé-a. 2. ED Food 46 reads utux(LAK384) še bad. 3. ED Food 47 reads utux(LAK384) zíz bad. For the use of the ED Food list in the Old Babylonian period, see Veldhuis 2014, 93.

463. CUNES 49-09-160 Measurements: 83×80×25 Contents: Ura 6 (aromatics) Obverse 1 {indent} šim! 2 [š]im!-du 3 [š]im!-sig Reverse 1 {indent} šim! 2 [ši]m!-du 3 [ši]m!-˹sig˺

466. CUNES 50-02-041 Measurements: 84×72×27 Contents: Ura 6 (oil) Obverse 1 ì udu nun-d[ùg] 2 ì níĝ-sa10-˹àm?˺ 3 ì uz-tur[mušen] Reverse Blank

464. CUNES 49-13-148 Measurements: 83×83×29 Contents: Beer Obverse 1 kašdidax ímgaga 2 kašdidax ús 3 kašdidax ˹huš˺

Remarks Although sequences with oil occur in OB Nippur Ura 3, ì is (almost) always preceded by uzu.

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174

1. Compare SLT 015 c i 17 (P227657), an OB Nippur prism, which has ì-nun dùg. 3.The restoration of this line is based on the parallel line in Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 15 (MSL 11, 156 291 [MSL 11, 155]) and Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 22 iii′ 15′ (MSL 11 165). 467. CUNES 50-02-081 Measurements: 67×68×27 Contents: Ura 6 (fruits) Obverse 1 [gurun? si]g7?-sig7 2 [x] ˹x˺-a-ba 3 ˹gurun˺ eden-na Reverse Doodling

Remarks Although gurun is not attested in Ura 6, it does occur in the OB Nippur prism SLT 017 r ii 8′ as gurun nu-úr-ma (P229350). 468. CUNES 50-02-142 Measurements: 85×77×25 Contents: Ura 6 (barley) Obverse 1 še dúb-dú[b] 2 še degx-degx 3 [š]e-ba ba-an-[(x?)] Reverse Blank 469. CUNES 50-02-143 Measurements: 108×105×23 Contents: Ura 6 (oil) Obverse 1 ì-ĝeš ŠID a-šà-ga Reverse Blank

Remarks The text is centered in the middle of the tablet. There are no line rulings. Compare texts 470 and 471. For the list of ì-ĝeš-, see Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 1 ix 30–36 (MSL 11, 134).

470. CUNES 50-04-139 Measurements: 105×101×22 Contents: Ura 6 (oil) Obverse ì ĝešéren ĝeš x {indent} da-lu-tum Reverse Erased

Remarks The text is centered in the middle of the tablet. There are no line rulings. Compare texts 469 and 471. We understand ĝešéren as a homophone of ĝeš eren. For ì ĝešeren, see HH XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 19 ii 15 (MSL 11, 164). 471. CUNES 50-04-165 Measurements: 94×97×22 Contents: Ura 6 (oil) Obverse ì-ĝeš šeĝeš-ì {indent} BU-a Reverse Lost

Remarks The text is centered in the middle of the tablet. There are no line rulings. Additional scratches suggest the tablet was erased and reused. Compare texts 469 and 470. 472. CUNES 50-08-102 Measurements: 75×70×21 Contents: Ura 6 (barley) Obverse 1 še gibil4 2 še sumun 3 še ˹šu˺-ak Reverse 1 še gibil4! 2 še sumun 3 še šu-ak doodling below the line

Remarks 1. See SLT 012 r ii 6′ (P227925), an early OB Nippur list that replicates at least in part versions of standard Ura 6.

Ura 6 (Food Items)

2. See SLT 012 r ii 7′ and Hh XXIII–XXIV Nippur Forerunner Section 11 47 (MSL 11, 124). 3. See Hh XXIII–XXIV Nippur Forerunner Section 11 49 (MSL 11, 124). 473. CUNES 50-08-108 Measurements: 64×66×19 Contents: Ura 6 (cucumbers) Obverse 1 {indent} úkuš 2 úkuš til 3 úkuš im-saĝ-ĝ[á] Reverse 1 [{indent} úk]uš 2 ú[kuš ti]l 3 úk[uš im]-˹saĝ-ĝá˺

Remarks 1. Parallels SLT 012 r v 9′, an early OB Nippur version of Ura 6. 2. SLT 012 r v 12′ reads úkuš ti-il. DCCLT suggests this may be a variant for /ti-ki-il/ (for which, see Civil 1987, 43–44, although he acknowledges that the reduction of the /k/ is unexpected).This writing seems to prove that it is not in fact / ti-ki-il/. 3. Parallels SLT 012 r v 15′. For this term, see 1987, 86.

Type II (Aromatics) 474. CUNES 52-02-050 Measurements: 119×77×28* Contents: Ura 6 (aromatics) Obverse col. i 1 {indent}šim 2 {indent}šim 3 {indent}šim 4 ligidba 5 šim hi-ib 6 šim hi-a 7 šim gam-gam-ma 8 šim gi du10-ga 9 šim li 10 šim še-li

175

double line ruling šim kìri-zal šim saĝ-KAK col ii 12 blank lines Reverse Lost 11 12

Remarks Compare SLT 012 r. col. i 7′–14′, which has the following sequence: r i 7′ ligidba r i 8′ šim hi-ib r i 9′ šim hi-a r i 10′ šim gi dùg-ga r i 11′ šim GAM-GAM r i 12′ šim gam-gam-ma r i 13′ šim [ . . . ] r i 14′ šim še-[li] r i 15′ [ . . . ]

Wide-Ruled Type III (Bread) 475. CUNES 52-07-076 Measurements: 58×42×22 Contents: Ura 6 (bread) Obverse 1 ninda gur4 2 ninda gur4 gal 3 ˹ninda˺ gur4 tur 4 [ninda] gur4 zi-ga 5 [ninda] gur4 niĝin 6 [ninda] gúg Reverse 1 [nin]da gúg saĝ ˹x˺ 2 [ni]nda IGI barag 3 ninda áĝ-ĝá 4 ninda šakanka 5 ˹ninda˺ sig 6 ˹ninda˺ na-kam-tum

Remarks Obverse 6. Parallels Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 15 239 (MSL 11, 155).

12 THEMATI C, OTHER Type I (ED Word List C) 476. CUNES 49-00-034 Measurements: 61*×66*×35 Contents: Word List C Obverse col. i 1′ gu7 [ . . . ] 2′ [1(u)?] zíd suhur 3′ 3(aš) zíz gána 4′ 3(aš) KAD4 5′ 3(aš) útu!(GA) col. ii 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [ . . . ] 3′ kínda šá KISAL 4′ šag4 nam-g[ú bi šúm] Reverse Lost

Remarks obv. col. i 1′. Compare Civil 2010, 6.4.1 X5 (MS 3373 [P252314]), an unprovenanced OB copy of ED

Word List C, which has [ . . . ] gu7-eš followed by amar ga gu7-eš. Compare ED Word List ll. 13, 41, which read amar ga. 2′. Parallels ED Word List C ll. 14, 42.There is space for the number before the zíd, although the tablet seems to have been subsequently smoothed over. 3′. Parallels SLT 042a 15 (P228051), an OB copy of Word List C from Nippur. Compare ED Word List C ll. 15, 43, which read 1(u) zíz ÉŠ@t. 4′. Parallels ED Word List C ll. 16, 44, but note the use of the diš sign here and throughout to write the number as opposed to the aš sign used consistently in our text and MS 3373. 5′. The OB copies of this list update the ED sign utux(LAK384) with útu. Note, however, that MS 3373 o i 6′ also has only GA. In addition, it may or may not be relevant that 465 correctly modernizes utux with útu. col. ii 3′. Parallels MS 3373 o. ii 5′. Compare ED Word List ll. 32, 60, which read kínda IŠ šag4. 4′. Parallels ED Word List C ll. 32a, 60a. For further discussion of this manuscript, see Wagensonner 2019.

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13 ADVANCED SI GN LI STS Proto-Ea (Type I)

7. Compare OB Nippur Ea l. 114, which reads DIŠ bu-ru U. 11. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 199. 12. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 200. 15. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 84. 16. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 85. 20. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 685. 22. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 678. 23. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 679. 25. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 214. 27. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 688.

477. CUNES 48-07-120 Measurements: 149×102×28 Contents: Obverse: lost; Reverse: Ea Obverse Lost Reverse col. i (=RIGHT) 1 DIŠ [ . . . ] 2 DIŠ [ . . . ] ˹GU˺ 3 DIŠ [ . . . ] ˹GU%GU?˺ 4 [DIŠ . . .] ˹x˺ 5 DIŠ [ . . . ] 6 [DIŠ x] 7 [DIŠ . . .]-˹ru? U˺ 8 [DIŠ . . .]-˹ru? U˺ 9 DIŠ ˹x˺ 10 DIŠ ˹x˺ 11 DIŠ [ . . . ] ˹DIN?˺ 12 DIŠ [ . . . ] ˹DIN?˺ 13 DIŠ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 14 DIŠ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 15 DIŠ [ . . . ] ˹SÌLA?˺ 16 [DIŠ . . .] ˹ŠITA?˺ 17 [DIŠ . . .] 18 [DIŠ . . .] 19 DIŠ ˹x?-x˺-[x?] ˹x˺ 20 DIŠ du-˹ú TU?˺ 21 DIŠ ˹x˺ 22 DIŠ ˹NAĜA˺ 23 DIŠ ˹NAĜA˺ 24 DIŠ lam?-hal IN 25 [DIŠ] SUR 26 [DIŠ ( . . . )] ˹BALAĜ?˺ 27 [DIŠ ( . . . )] SAR 28 DIŠ mu-[(x?)]-˹ud˺ SAR 29 [DIŠ . . .] ˹x˺

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Remarks col. i 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 434. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 435.

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col. ii DIŠ GAL DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ [ . . . ] DIŠ MAŠ DIŠ MAŠ DIŠ SI DIŠ SI DIŠ SI.A DIŠ SI.A DIŠ SI.Aga DIŠ IGI DIŠ IGI DIŠ IGI DIŠ IGI DIŠ IGI DIŠ IGI

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Remarks col. ii 1. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 471. 16. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 115. 17. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 116. 18. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 181. 19. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 182. 20. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 183a. 23. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 399. 24. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 400. 25. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 401. 26. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 402. 27. For ll. 27 and 28, we expect IGI@g (as in OB Nippur Ea ll. 403 and 40). col. iii (=LEFT) 1 DIŠ [x] 2 DIŠ AŠ 3 DIŠ AŠ 4 DIŠ AŠlí 5 DIŠ UR 6 DIŠ UR 7 DIŠ UR 8 DIŠ UR 9 DIŠ ˹UR˺ 10 DIŠ ˹HAL˺ 11 DIŠ HAL 12 DIŠ AN 13 DIŠ AN 14 DIŠ AN 15 DIŠ AN 16 DIŠ ˹x˺ 17 DIŠ ˹KUR˺ 18 [DIŠ] ˹GUD×KUR˺ 19 [DIŠ] ˹x˺ 20 [DIŠ] BA 21 [DIŠ] ZA 22 [DIŠ] ZI 23 [DIŠ] NI 24 [DIŠ] NI 25 [DIŠ] NI 26 [DIŠ] NI

Remarks col. iii 2. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 98. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 99.

5. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 645. 6. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 646. 7. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 647. 8. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 648. 9. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 649. 10. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 142. 11. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 143. 12. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 134. 13. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 135. 14. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 136. 15. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 137. 17. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 447. 18. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 279. 20. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 146. 21. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 167. 22. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 452. 23. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 91. 24. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 92. 25. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 93. 26. Parallels OB Nippur Ea l. 94.

Diri (Type IV) 478. CUNES 51-04-039 Measurements: 66×67×26 Contents: Advanced Sign List (Diri) 1 UD.UD 2 UD.UD 3 UD.UD Reverse Blank

Remarks This section parallels OB Nippur Diri ll. 34–42. 479. CUNES 52-03-027 Measurements: 73×56×22 Contents: Advanced Sign List (Diri) 1 DIŠ ˹PA.LU˺ 2 DIŠ PA.LU 3 [DIŠ] KASKAL.[KUR] Reverse 1 [DIŠ] PA.LU 2 [DIŠ] PA.LU 3 DIŠ KASKAL.KUR

A dva n c e d S i g n L i s t s

Syllabary A (Type IV)

179

its different readings—e.g., ku-ú, še-e, zi-i, du-ur, tu-kul for KU (ll. 25–29). The order of the main sign—KU, LU, RU, HA—is the same.

480. CUNES 52-18-180 Measurements: 67*×72*×32 Contents: Advanced Sign List (Syllabary A) Obverse 1 [DIŠ] KU 2 [DIŠ] LU 3 [DIŠ] RU 4 [DIŠ] HA! Reverse 1 [DIŠ] KU 2 [DIŠ] ˹LU˺ 3 [DIŠ RU] 4 [DIŠ HA]

481. CUNES 53-01-206 Measurements: 47×64×21 Contents: Obverse: undetermined Reverse: Advanced Sign List (Syllabary A) Obverse Two lines of badly abraded text enclosed in a case. Reverse 1 DIŠ ŠA 2 DIŠ ŠA 3 DIŠ GAL

Remarks

Remarks 1. Parallels MSL 3 l. 25 (first millennium SA ). 2. Parallels MSL 3 l. 30. 3. Parallels MSL 3 l. 33. 4. Parallels MSL 3 l. 36. In the first millennium version of Syllabary A, each sign is repeated more than once so as to provide a

The orientation of the reverse is rotated 90 degrees to the right. 1. Parallels MSL 3 l. 123. 2. In the first millennium version, ŠA is not reduplicated. 3. Parallels MSL 3 l. 149.

14 L IST O F HUMAN BEI NGS Type IV (Parallels with OB ED Lu A) 482. CUNES 49-08-036 Measurements: 73×73×28 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 [ti]ru 2 GAL.LUH 3 GADA.LUH Reverse 1 tiru 2 GAL.˹LUH˺ 3 GADA.˹LUH˺

484. CUNES 53-01-205 Measurements: 77×82×28 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 dub-sar níĝ-ŠIDka 2 dub-sar inim gur4-ra 3 dub-sar mar-t[u] Reverse 1 dub-sar níĝ-ŠIDk[a] 2 [du]b-sar inim gur4-r[a] 3 [du]b-sar mar-tu written centered below the line: ŠID

Remarks

Remarks

1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu 76 and ED Lu A l. 17. 2. Parallels ED Lu A l. 18. 3. Parallels ED Lu 1 l. 19.

Type IV (Parallels with OB Nippur Lu) 483. CUNES 48-06-390 Measurements: 89×90×28 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 šagina KA-ús-sa 2 énsi 3 énsi lugal 4 {indented} saĝĝa Reverse 1 šagina ˹KA-ús˺-[sa] 2 PA.[TE.SI] 3 énsi [lugal] 4 {indented} ˹saĝĝa˺

Remarks 1. šagina occurs in OB Nippur Lu ll. 427–434, but the modification ka-ús is otherwise unattested. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 28. 3.This line, inserted between the entries for énsi and saĝĝa, is otherwise unattested in the several OB manuscripts containing the sequence. 4. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 29.

1. dub-sar níĝ-ŠID occurs in OB Nippur Lu 51. 485. CUNES 52-17-081 Measurements: 69×73×30 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 munus tur-re ˹x˺ 2 dub-sar ˹úmun˺-[a? ak] 3 munus tur-[re . . .] 4 dub-sar [ . . . ] Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. The sequence beginning with munus occurs primarily in OB Nippur Lu ll. 704–710. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 59. 486. CUNES 52-20-330 Measurements: 90×78×29 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 [dub-s]ar é 2 [dub-sa]r KA×˹X˺ é-gal 3 [dub-s]ar tur Reverse Blank

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List of Human Beings

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 60. 487. CUNES 50-02-093 Measurements: 84×81×24 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 [(x?)] gaba 2 [r]á-gaba 3 [r]a-gaba Reverse Blank with finger nail impressions

Remarks 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 77. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 23. 488. CUNES 48-10-019 Measurements: 88×88×31 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 lú dub-˹sar x˺ 2 lú ˹x-x˺ 3 lú ì-du8 Reverse 1 [x (x?)] ˹x x x˺ 2 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 3 [ . . . ] ˹x˺

CUNES 50-02-135 Measurements: 77×82×31 Contents: Obverse: Proverb (unparalleled); Reverse: Humans (OB Nippur Lu ll. 196, 200) **For transliteration, see sub Proverbs 490. CUNES 52-07-077 Measurements: 65*×68*×22 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 [l]ú išib 2 [l]ú-ur 3 [l]ú-a Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. išib occurs in OB Nippur Lu l. 213.

Remarks

491. CUNES 51-07-093 Measurements: 57×61×26 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 ama nam-tag 2 ama ugux 3 ama-gan Reverse 1 ˹ama nam˺ (remainder of line erased) 2 Erased 3 Erased

3. ì-du8 occurs in OB Nippur Lu l. 130. Lú ì-du8 is attested in ED Practical Vocabulary A l. 344.

Remarks

489. CUNES 50-02-111 Measurements: 80×82×25 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 lú ˹šabra!˺(PA.˹AL!˺) 2 lú sipad 3 lú má-gur8-re-e Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. šabra occurs in OB Nippur Lu l. 148. 2. sipad occurs in OB Nippur Lu l. 463. 3. šìr-má-gur8-re occurs in OB Nippur Lu l. 599.

181

1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 329. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 330. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 331. 492. CUNES 50-09-032 Measurements: 87×87×30 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 ab-ba 2 ab-ba ˹iri˺ 3 šu-gi4 Reverse Doodling above the line 1 ab-ba 2 ab-ba iri

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3

šu-{erasure}gi4 Doodling below the line

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 404. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 405. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 406. 493. CUNES 51-07-094 Measurements: 61×58×26 Contents: Furrows Obverse 1 àbsin gilim-[ba] 2 àbsin šíbir 3 [àb]sin gud tu-lu Reverse 1 àbsin gilim-ba 2 àbsin {erasure} šíbir 3 àbsin gud tu-lu

Remarks 1. Compare ab-sín gilim-ma in OB Nippur Lu l. 453. See Civil 1994, 174 for discussion of this term. 2. Compare ab-sín ĝeššíbir in OB Nippur Lu l. 454. 3. Compare gú/dur-tu-lu in Farmer’s Instructions l. 57 (Civil 1994, 175). 494. CUNES 51-07-097 (See Plate 18) Measurements: 64×67×25 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 {indent} sipad 2 sipad tur 3 sipad gud Reverse written above the line: 7 1 {indent} sipad 2 sipad tur 3 sipad gud

Remarks Besides the actual exercise on the reverse, the student added a few signs at a different angle that do not belong. 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 463. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 465.

3. sipad gud is not attested in OB Nippur Lu, but see sipad gu4-áb and sipad gu4-áb-hi-a in ll. 467–468. 495. CUNES 51-07-090 Measurements: 66×70×25 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 na-gada 2 ùnu 3 ùnu-gal Reverse 1 na-gada 2 ùnu 3 ùnu-gal

Remarks The reverse is rotated approximately 90 degrees to the left. 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 477. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 479. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 480. For a duplicate text, see text 496. 496. CUNES 51-07-103 Measurements: 72×73×26 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 na-gada 2 ùnu 3 ùnu-gal Reverse 1 [na]-gada 2 [ÁB.K]U 3 [ùnu-ga]l

Remarks For commentary, see the duplicate text 495. 497. CUNES 51-07-101 Measurements: 58×60×18 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 agrig 2 agrig èš-a 3 agrig lugal Reverse 1 agrig

2 3

List of Human Beings

agrig èš-a agrig lugal

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 492. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 493a. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 493b. 498. CUNES 51-07-117 Measurements: 59×59×27 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 ba-za 2 munus ba-za 3 lú šukur-˹ra x x˺ Reverse Erased

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 539. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 540. 3. Compare lú šukur-ra in Lú-azlag2 Version D = NBC 9830 o i 13 (MSL 12, 203–11). 499. CUNES 51-07-110 Measurements: 65×64×27 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 EZEN-HI×ÁŠ 2 hé-dab5 3 TAR-dù Reverse 1 EZEN-HI×ÁŠ 2 hé-dab5 3 TAR-dù

Remarks The reverse is rotated approximately 90 degrees to the left. 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 575. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 576. 3. OB Nippur Lu l. 577 reads TAR.GABA. The variant in our tablet suggests that the reading of the second sign in the Nippur composite version is du8.

500. CUNES 51-07-098 Measurements: 68×67×27 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 alam-zú 2 ud-da-tuš 3 húb-[bé] Reverse 1 alam-zú 2 ud-da-tuš 3 húb-bé

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 581. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 582. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 583. See text 501 for a duplicate text. 501. CUNES 51-07-102 Measurements: 65×66×25 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 alam-zú 2 ù-da-tuš 3 húb-bé Reverse 1 alam-zú 2 ù-da-tuš 3 húb-bé

Remarks For commentary, see the duplicate text 500. 502. CUNES 51-07-106 Measurements: 75×75×25 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 gáb [gi-na] 2 gáb zu-[zu] 3 gašam Reverse 1 gáb gi-na 2 gáb zu-˹zu˺ 3 ˹gašam˺

183

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Remarks

Remarks

1. Compare OB Nippur Lu l. 697, which reads gáb gi-en. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 698. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 699.

1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 672. 3. gidur10 tab-ba occurs in OB Nippur Ura 2 l. 134.

503. CUNES 51-07-091 Measurements: 62×56×25 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 {indent} nar 2 nar gal 3 nar igi suhur-lá Reverse 1 {indent} nar 2 nar gal 3 nar igi suhur-lá

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 641. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 642. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 646. 504. CUNES 51-09-138 Measurements: 76×74×30 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 {indent} nar 2 ˹nar˺ MU 3 ˹nar˺ tur Double Ruling Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 641. 3. Parallels MSL 12, 032 B3 o ii 6. 505. CUNES 52-20-324 Measurements: 81×79×36 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 {indent} simug 2 [x] DÉ ĜÌR 3 [x] dur10 tab-ba Reverse Blank

506. CUNES 51-07-116 Measurements: 64×66×23 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 ì-rá-rá 2 šim-mú 3 munu4-mú Reverse Erased

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 688. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 689. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 691. 507. CUNES 51-07-085 Measurements: 72×73×26 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 {indent} kar 2 {indent} kar 3 {indent} kar Reverse 1 {indent} kar 2 {indent} kar 3 {indent} kar

Remarks This sequence occurs in OB Nippur Lu ll. 725–731. In the first millennium, it occurs also in Antagal VIII 126, 127 (MSL 17, 174) and Sa Voc II 311–313 (MSL 3, 148). 508. CUNES 51-07-087 Measurements: 78×79×27 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 eh tag-ge 2 kuš5(U.PIRIG!) tag-ge 3 ù-mu-un tag-ge Reverse 1 eh tag-ge 2 kuš5 tag-ge 3 ù-mu-un tag-ge

List of Human Beings

185

Remarks

Remarks

1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 741. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 742.

The reverse is rotated 90 degrees to the right. 1. Perhaps to be restored as OB Nippur Lu l. 809b, NAGAR kud. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 809. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 812.

509. CUNES 49-03-033 Measurements: 74×76×28 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 {indent} dam 2 {indent} dam 3 mí-ús-sá dam Reverse 1 {indent} dam 2 {indent} dam 3 ˹mí-ús˺-sá dam

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 753. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 754. 3. mí-ús-sá is attested in OB Nippur Lu l. 758a. 510. CUNES 47-11-009 Measurements: 77×78×18 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 {indent} kuš7 2 ˹kuš7˺-lugal 3 [ku]š7 udu Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 805. 511. CUNES 51-07-096 Measurements: 67×67×23 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 ˹x˺-[kud] 2 [ku5-ku5-rá] 3 ˹i˺-[bí-za] Reverse 1 ˹NAGAR?˺-kud {erasure} 2 ku5-ku5-rá 3 i-bí-za

Type IV (Parallels with Lu-azlag Lists) 512. CUNES 51-07-118 Measurements: 72×67×32 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 [lú] du10 u4 ak 2 lú du10 ak 3 lú du10 lah4-lah4-e Reverse 1 [l]ú ˹du10˺ [u4-ak] 2 [lú] ˹du10˺ [ak] 3 [l]ú du10 lah4-lah4-e

Remarks 1. Compare lú UD-a-ak in OB Lu-azlag A l. 72 and OB Lu-azlag B-C Seg. 1, l. 77. 2. Compare lú du10 a ak in OB Lu-azlag A l. 71 and OB Lu-azlag B-C Seg. 1, l. 76. 3. Parallels OB Lu-azlag A l. 70 and OB Lu-azlag B-C Seg. 1, l. 75. 513. CUNES 50-02-106 (See Plate 19) Measurements: 86×75×23 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 [l]ú šu12-dè 2 [l]ú |KA×MU|-|KA×MU|-NE 3 [l]ú engar zid Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Lu-azlag A l. 421. 2.The sign KA×MU is to our knowledge otherwise unattested. 3. Compare OB Nippur Lu l. 445, which reads engar.

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514. CUNES 48-06-399 Measurements: 86×86×35 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 lú bùluĝ-ĝ[á] 2 lú gi-na 3 lú tur-tur Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Compare lú al-bùluĝ-ĝá in OB Lu-azlag B-C Seg. 1, 84, 85. 2. Compare lú níĝ-gi-na in OB Lu-azlag B-C Seg. 2, 56. 515. CUNES 49-08-027 Measurements: 86×90×30 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 lú níĝ-˹gin6˺ 2 lú níĝ-˹ba-e˺ 3 lú igi [zàĝ] Reverse 1 lú níĝ-˹gin6˺ 2 lú níĝ-˹ba-e˺ 3 lú igi ˹zàĝ˺

Remarks 3. Parallels OB Lu-azlag B-C Seg. 2, 112.

Type IV (Unparalleled) 516. CUNES 48-06-389 Measurements: 84×85×31 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 àga-ús šagina 2 àga-ús šabra 3 àga-ús zú-kéš 4 àga-ús diĝir-r[a] Reverse 1 àga-ús šagina 2 àga-ús šabra 3 àga-ús zú-kéš!(NE) 4 àga-ús diĝir-ra

Remarks A series with àga-ús occurs in OB Nippur Lu ll. 109–117. 517. CUNES 48-09-187 Measurements: 64×64×21 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 [lú] ĝá ŠIM KA 2 [l]ú ĝá NI DÍM 3 lú UŠ muš-e Reverse Blank 518. CUNES 48-09-189 Measurements: 67×66×23 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 nun engur-ra ˹TE˺ nun ˹x˺-ga 2 nun gal múš {erasure} tum 3 nun di4-di4-lá Reverse Blank

Remarks nun without modifiers occurs in OB Nippur Lu l. 309. 519. CUNES 49-02-052 Measurements: 87×87×30 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 lú ˹é? x dù˺-a 2 ˹lú˺ [ . . . ] ˹ĜAR˺ 3 ˹lú (x?)-ĝá?˺-ĝá Reverse 1 lú ˹é? x˺ dù-a 2 lú [ . . . ] ĜAR 3 lú [(x?)] ˹ĝá?˺-ĝá 520. CUNES 50-08-101 Measurements: 62×78×29 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 išib ix(A.LAGAB×A)idigna

List of Human Beings

2 išib ix(A.LAGAB×A)buranun!(ĜEŠ%ĜEŠ.NUN) 3 išib dna-zi Reverse 1 išib ix(A.[LAGAB×A)idigna] 2 išib ix(A.LAGAB×A)buranun!(ĜEŠ%ĜEŠ.NUN) 3 išib dna-˹zi˺ 521. CUNES 51-07-089 Measurements: 75×70×28 Contents: Humans Obverse 1 munus kin ak 2 munus RI ak 3 munus zi-ik-ru-um Reverse 1 munus kin ak 2 ˹munus˺ RI [ak] 3 [munus] zi-ik-ru-[um]

Remarks These terms are otherwise unattested. However, the sequence munus . . . ak occurs in OB Nippur Lu ll. 708b, e, 709, and ugula zi-ik-ru-um occurs in OB Nippur Lu l. 156d. 522. CUNES 52-02-032 Measurements: 66×67×24 Contents: Humans Obverse Lost Reverse 1 ˹šìr x˺ 2 ˹šìr x x-a˺ 3 ˹šìr AN˺ 4 Blank

Remarks Entries for šìr occur in OB Nippur Lu ll. 587–599.

Prisms 523. CUNES 52-10-146 (See Plate 20) Measurements: 152*×92×32 Contents: Humans

187

top (beginning of face lost—likely three columns missing) top, col. i′ (beginning lost) ˹ 1′ x-x-ÉŠ?˺ 2′ KA×BALAĜ zu 3′ munus KA×X zu face a′ (beginning of face lost—likely three columns missing) face a′, col. i′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ 2′ ˹bar˺ ĝál-ĝál 3′ ĝál-si 4′ igi-tab 5′ saĝ ba-a-DU 6′ [x] igi saĝ 7′ ˹máš?˺ min 8′ ˹máš?˺ eš5 9′ [x] x ˹x˺ 10′ [ . . . ] (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face a′, col. i′ 2′. Perhaps a mistake for OB Nippur Lu l. 220, which reads bar šu-ĝál. 7′. Parallels OB Nippur 3 l. 147. 8′. Parallels OB Nippur 3 l. 148. face a′, col. ii′ 1′ šu-bar im-zu 2′ {indent} túg 3′ dím-ma 4′ {indent} tùr 5′ lú! šu-du8-du8 6′ lú! šu-du-du 7′ šag4 kúš- 8′ na degx-ga 9′ á-áĝ-ĝá 10′ [pa-b]íl-ga 11′ [ . . . ]-x 12′ [ . . . ] 13′ [ . . . ] 14′ [ . . . ]

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15′ [ . . . ] 16′ [ . . . ] 17′ [ . . . ] 18′ [na]m-šeš 19′ [na]m-nir-ĝál 20′ [n]am-dam 21′ [n]am-nin 22′ [(x?)]-˹x˺-RU 23′ [(x?)]-˹x SAL?˺ 24′ [(x?)]-˹x˺-[x] (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face a′ col. ii′ 4′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 482. 5′. Compare lú-šu-du8-a in OB Nippur Lu-azlag B+C (MSL 12, 157 A:279). 7′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 414. 8′. Parallels MSL 12 029 D r ii 30, 31 (P228841), which is a version of OB Nippur Lu version, and SLT 005 r ii 1′ (P227890), which is a version of OB Nippur Lu-azlag B+C. 9′. Parallels MSL 13 040 A r i 31 (P227870), a version of OB Nippur Lu-azlag B-C. 10′. Compare OB Nippur Lu 411, which reads pa4-bíl-ga. (remainder of face lost) face b′ face b′, col. i (beginning of column lost) 1′ en ˹gal˺ 2′ en ˹tur˺ 3′ en kalam-[ma] 4′ en kur-kur-[ra] 5′ {indent} [nun] 6′ nun [x] 7′ nun [ga]l 8′ nun [t]ur 9′ nun kalam-ma 10′ nun kur-kur-ra 11′ ˹énsi˺([PA.T]E.SI) 12′ [PA.TE.]SI gal 13′ [PA.TE.]SI tur 14′ nir- ĝál 15′ nir- ĝál kur-kur-ra 16′ sig7-gi-gi

17′ mah-di 18′ gal-di 19′ {indent} ĝìri 20′ {indent} huš 21′ {indent} sipad 22′ [sipad kal]am-ma 23′ [sipad? kur?-kur?]-˹ra?˺ (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face b′ col. i 5′. Parallels OB Lu l. 309. 11′. Parallels OB Lu l. 28. 14′. Parallels OB Lu ll. 63, 64. 19′. Parallels CBS 02143 + CBS 02247 + CBS 02275 + CBS 09870 (MSL 12, 192 Y) r iv 7′, an OB version of Lu-azlag B+C. 20′. Parallels CBS 02143 + CBS 02247 + CBS 02275 + CBS 09870 (MSL 12, 192 Y) r iv 5’-6′. 21′. Parallels OB Lu l. 463. 22′. Parallels OB Lu l. 466. face b′ col. ii (beginning of column lost) 1′ li-mu-um nita ~ á ˹zi˺-[da] 2′ aga3-ús lugal-me 3′ li-mu-um ~ dumu mar-tu ~ á gáb-bu 4′ li-mu-um ~ á-zi-da 5′ li-mu-um nita ~ á gáb-bu 6′ li-mu-um nita ~ á zi-da 7′ dumu mar-tu-me 8′ ugula lú 5 ~ á gáb-bu 9′ ugula lú 5 ~ á zi-da 10′ ugula šag4 é-a 11′ [ . . . ] é-a 12′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 13′ [ . . . ] x (remainder of column lost)

List of Human Beings

Remarks face b′ col. ii 1′. Compare ugula li-mu-um in OB Lu l. 173. 5′. Compare lú á-gáb-bu = šumelu in OB Lu C 5 16 (MSL 12, 195). face b′ col. iii 1 [x] ˹x˺-lá 2 [x] ˹x˺ saĝ 3 [x] saĝ BU ˹x˺ 4 ˹nar˺ saĝ 5 nar um-mi-a 6 nar gù silim-ma 7 nar hal-la-tuš-a 8 nar du11-ga 9 nar ˹zé-za˺ 10 ˹tígi˺ 11 ˹tígi x (x?)˺ 12 tígi šu ˹AB×X?˺ 13 ˹ tígi sá-a˺ 14 ˹ tígi x-x˺ 15 tígi [x-(x?)] 16 tígi šu [x] 17 ˹ugula tígi˺ 18 lú! agrig 19 lú ˹húb-be˺ 20 lú húb-bé um-m[i-a] 21 lú húb-bé AN-˹x˺-[x] 22 lú húb-bé ˹sa-x˺ 23 lú húb-bé ~ ĝeš-gu-za ˹sa-x˺ 24 ugula lú-húb-bé 25 lú a-tar du11-du11 26 lú a-tar du11-du11 ~ igi lugal 27 lú a-tar du11-du11 BAR ˹x˺ 28 ud-da-tuš 29 lú sízkur 30 ĝeštug um-mi-a 31 ĝeštug DÉ 32 ĝeštug ˹x-x˺ 33 ĝeštug šu-a ˹x˺ 34 ĝeštug ˹x-x˺-[x] (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face b′ col. iii 6. Parallels OB Lu l. 648. 7. Parallels OB Lu l. 649.

189

9. Parallels OB Lu l. 648d. 11. Compare OB Lu l. 643, which reads tigi. 19. Compare OB Lu l. 583, which has húb-be, and OB Lu-azlag A l. 254, which reads lú-húb. 25. Parallels OB Lu Fragment F 2 (MSL 12, 212). 28. Parallels CBS 02241 + CBS 09850 + CBS 09851 + CBS 11394 + N 4631 + N 5222 (MSL 12, 028 A) r ii 20, a version of OB Nippur Lu. 29. Compare OB Lu A 420 (MSL 12, 170), which reads lú-sizkur-re. 30. Compare OB Nippur Lu l. 547, which reads ĝeštug2-lá, and l. 549, which reads ĝeštug-šúš. face b′ col. iv. 1 ugula nar-gal 2 gala 3 gala-mah maš-maš 4 gala-mah ddam- ~˹ki-na˺ 5 gala-tur 6 gala-tur 7 gala igi du8 8 gala dab-˹x˺ 9 gala gaba-r i 10 gala SU U AN 11 gala SU LI AB? 12 [ . . . ] ˹x x˺ 13 [ . . . ] 14 [ . . . ]-˹x˺ 15 [ . . . ] UD 16 [ . . . ]-˹x˺-gal 17 [ . . . ] TUR 18 [ . . . ] TUR 19 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 20 [ . . . ] 21 [ . . . ] 22 ˹x˺-[ . . . ] 23 š[u?-i? . . .] 24 šu-[i . . .] 25 šu-i ˹x˺ [x] 26 šu-i x [x] 27 šu-i egir-ki 28 šu-i šu an-ĝál 29 šu bar dab-˹x˺ 30 šu-i šu an-ĝál 31 šu-i šu ì-lí 32 šu bar ĝešgu-za

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33 34

x x x x˺ x x˺ [ . . . ] (remainder of column lost)

˹ ˹

31 32

[ . . . ] ˹x˺ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face b′ col. iv.

Remarks face b′ col. v

1. Compare OB Nippur Lu l. 642, which reads nar-gal. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 653. 3. Compare OB Nippur Lu l. 654, which reads gala-mah. 5. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 654a. 27. Parallels SLT 106 o ii 14′ (P229519), a Nippur version of OB Lu.

1. Compare OB Nippur Lu l. 177, which reads rá- gaba, and OB Nippur Lu l. 317, which reads kisal luh. 2. gub-ba occurs as a modifier several times in OB Nippur Lu—e.g., ll. 714, 719, 816. 4. Compare OB Nippur Lu l. 3, which reads nam-dumu-na. 21. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 651. 22. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 344. 26. Parallels Lu-azlag B-C Seg. 10, 9, Seg.10, 11. 28. Compare IM 058433 + IM 058496 (MSL 12, 157 A) l. 300, a bilingual version of Lu-azlag B-C, which reads lú má-gíd. 29. Parallels IM 058433 + IM 058496 (MSL 12, 157 A) ll. 337–338.

face b′ col. v rá-gaba kisal luh rá-gaba šu-a gub-ba rá-gaba nin rá-gaba nam-dumu-na rá-gaba nunusx-zi [rá-gaba . . .] [rá-gaba . . .] rá-[gaba . . .] [ . . . ] [ . . . ] [x x] x lú KA-KA lú KA-KA ˹kúr˺ lú KA-KA ~ iriki níĝin-na 15 lú KA-KA ~ KA×GÁNt sum-ma 16 lú KA-KA ~ [u]m-mi-a 17 [lú K]A-KA 18 [ . . . ] 19 [ . . . ] 20 [l]ú igi níĝin-na 21 muš-lah5 22 šà-zu 23 šà-zu šu an-ĝál 24 ˹šà˺-zu um-mi-a 25 [šà-z]u me-li 26 l[ú kud]-kud-rá 27 l[ú x] ˹x˺ 28 l[ú ĝeš?]má-gíd? 29 l[ú pe]-˹el˺-lá 30 l[ú x] ˹x x˺

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

face c′ face c′ col. i 1 lú kisal [luh?] 2 lú ázlag tur igi ˹lugal?˺ 3 lú ázlag tur pa-pah 4 lú ázlag tur šà-g[a?] 5 ˹lú ázlag x˺ [ . . . ] 6 [ . . . ] 7 [ . . . ] 8 [ . . . ] 9 [lú ázlag (x?)] ˹x x˺ 10 ˹lú ázlag x˺ NI sag10 11 lú ázlag ˹tur!˺ é-nin 12 lú ázlag tur nam-dumu-na 13 lú ázlag tur 14 munus nam-lugal-la 15 dub-sar 16 dub-sar mah 17 dub-sar zag-ga 18 dub-sar um-mi-a 19 dub-sar ĝál tak4-a 20 dub-sar ˹x-x˺- ~˹x-x˺ 21 dub-sar šà-ga 22 dub-sar šudum 23 dub-sar šudum tur 24 dub-sar a-šà-ga

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

List of Human Beings

dub-sar gáb-bu dub-sar ki x dub-sar ugnimx dub-sar ĝéštug ~ lá dub-sar kíĝ ak dub-sar saĝ x ~ ˹x˺ [x] ˹x˺ dub-sar [ . . . ] ˹ dub-sar˺ [ . . . ] (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face c′ col. i 15. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 47. 16. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 49. 17. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 48. 22. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 52. 24. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 61. 27. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 54. face c′ col. ii (beginning of column lost) 1′ [KU?] KU KU 2′ lú [dùb?] dub-bé 3′ lú [x] agrig 4′ lú ˹siki?˺-guz!(SIG4) 5′ lú ˹x˺ [(x?)] x 6′ lu hu-˹ba?˺ [x] 7′ lú ˹kaš4?˺ 8′ lú ti-l[a] 9′ ugula lú kaš4 gal 10′ ugula šag4 kan4? ĝešnimbar? 11′ ugula kéš-da 12′ ugula kurum7 ak 13′ ugula dah-hu-um! 14′ inim-ma 15′ inim-ma mah 16′ inim-ma ĝeš še-um 17′ inim-ma gáb-bu 18′ inim-ma in-dub-dub 19′ inim-ma a-gàr níĝin 20′ inim-ma balaĝ lugal 21′ balaĝ gù é-gal 22′ balaĝ nam-dumu-na 23′ balaĝ é-kur 24′ balaĝ zabar 25′ balaĝ gal úrud 26′ balaĝ ˹gal? x-(x?)˺

191

~ da ĝál? 27′ [bal]aĝ qar-nu-um 28′ [x] ˹x˺ zi-da (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face c′ col. ii 1′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu ll. 578–580 2′. Restored following OB Lu-azlag A l. 384. 4′. Compare N5453 (MSL 12, 31) o? ii′ 9, which reads ˹munus˺ siki-˹guz˺-[za]. 7′. Parallels Lu-azlag A ll. 44–45 and OB Lu-azlag B-C Seg. 1, 47. 11′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu ll. 156–157. 19′. Compare OB Lu l. 724, which reads a-gàr níĝin. face c′ col. iii (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 2′ ˹dub?-sar?˺ mah ~ a-šag4 SAR-NI 3′ agrig a-šag4 SAR-NI 4′ qar-nu-um a-a-x 5′ énsi a-šà 6′ qar-nu-um a-a-lum? 7′ ugula lú-5 8′ ugula lú-60 9′ ugula nam-50 10′ ˹qar-nu-um x-x˺ 11′ [ . . . ] 12′ ˹ugula nam˺-50 13′ ˹qar-nu-um˺ za-gìn 14′ dumu ˹x˺-tu lá 15′ àga-ús saĝ-ĝá-na 16′ àga-ús ni-is-kum 17′ àga-ús ˹x˺ lá 18′ àga-ús KA?-˹x˺ 19′ àga-ús DUN?-a 20′ àga-ús ˹x x˺ 21′ àga-ús ˹x˺-[x] 22′ àga-ús nam-dumu-[na] 23′ šagina lú ˹x˺-[x] 24′ šagina ˹KA˺-˹x˺ 25′ šagina ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 26′ šagina ˹x˺-[x] 27′ šagina šag4 [é?-a?] 28′ šagina ˹x˺ [x] 29′ ugula é-uz[u]

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30′

x x x˺ (remainder of column lost) ˹

5′

Remarks face c′ col. iii 16′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 113. 22′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 111. 27′. Restoration suggested based on OB Nippur Lu l. 432a. 29′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 152.

NI [ . . . ] (remainder of column lost) (remainder of face lost) 524. CUNES 52-10-153

face c′ col. iv (beginning of column lost) 1′ di-kud [ . . . ] 2′ di-kud ˹x x˺ 3′ di-kud kur-[ra?] 4′ lú [kaš4] 5′ lú kaš4!(DU) ˹x˺ 6′ lú kaš4 KA 7′ lú kaš4 ugula 8′ lú kaš4! ˹x˺ 9′ sagi 10′ sagi ˹lugal?˺ 11′ sagi šà ˹x˺-[x?] 12′ sagi ˹x˺ 13′ sagi KA 14′ sagi ~ é-gal-la 15′ sagi gal 16′ sagi nam-dumu-na 17′ lú dé 18′ ˹x x x x˺ (remainder of column lost)

(See Plate 21) Measurements: 72*×56*×32* Contents: Humans face a′ (beginning of face lost) face a′ col. i′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 2′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 3′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ (remainder of column lost) face a′ col. ii′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [x] ti-˹la?˺ 2′ [k]i MAŠ A NA ŠÚ AŠ 3′ ki {erasure} HA 4′ ki si-ig-ga 5′ [ki] sì-ga 6′ [ki] gud gi4 7′ ki máš-anše KA-a 8′ ki máš-anše KA-a 9′ ki máš-anše KA-a 10′ ki {erasure} lú DU 11′ [x x D]U BU 12′ [x x] ˹x x˺ (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face c′ col. iv

Remarks face a′ col. ii′

4′. Parallels OB Lu-azlag A 45. 9′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 118. 10′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 121. 14′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 122. 15′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 119. 16′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 123.

7′. Compare PBS 5, 149 r. 5 (P227629), a Nippur bilingual syllabary, which reads ki máš-anše gu7-a. 8′. Compare PBS 5, 149 r. 6, which reads ki máš- anše na8-a.

face d′ col. v (beginning of column lost) 1′ NI [ . . . ] 2′ NI [ . . . ] 3′ NI [ . . . ] 4′ NI ˹x˺ [ . . . ]

1′ 2′ 3′ 4′ 5′

face a′ col. iii′ (beginning of column lost) ˹ kìri-zal˺ me-te hé-du7 hi-li-a ĝeškim-ti

List of Human Beings

6′ á-nun- ĝâl 7′ še-[x] 8′ ˹x˺-[ . . . ] 9′ ˹x˺-[ . . . ] 10′ ˹x˺-[ . . . ] (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face a′ col iii′ 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 496. face b′ face b′ col. i (beginning of column lost) 1′ [x x] ˹x˺ 2′ dumu-munus-lugal 3′ nam-dumu-na 4′ dumu nun 5′ dumu-gir15 6′ dumu {erasure} mah 7′ {indent} saĝ (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face b′ col. i 3′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 3. 7′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 276. face b′ col. ii (beginning column lost) 1′ ˹ugula?˺ sagi 2′ ša13-dub-ba á-tah 3′ ša13-dub-ba nam-dumu 4′ urudada á-tah 5′ urudada nam-dumu 6′ saĝĝa den-líl-lá 7′ énsi dnin-urta 8′ {indent over erasure} nar 9′ ˹nar?˺ [x?] ˹x˺ (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face b′ col. ii 2′, 3′. Compare OB Nippur Lu ll. 25, 26, which read ša13-dub-ba-a and ša13-dub-ba-a gána tuš-a, respectively. 6′. saĝĝa occurs in OB Nippur Lu l. 29. 7′. énsi occurs in OB Nippur Lu l. 28. 8′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 641.

193

face b′ col. iii (beginning of column lost) 1′ lu[kur . . .] 2′ lukur ˹KA˺-[x] 3′ lukur nam-dumu-na 4′ lukur ĝá-gi4-[a] 5′ lukur saĝ-du gi[ggi] 6′ ugula lukur 7′ aš-tá-lá 8′ aš-tá-lá LAGAB×(U.U.U)-a 9′ aš-tá-lá úg 10′ [x x] ˹x x˺ 11′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face b′ col. iii 6′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 166. 7′. Compare OB Nippur Lu l. 585, which reads èš-ta-lá.

1′ 2′ 3′ 4′ 5′

face b′ col. iv (beginning of column lost) ˹ DU˺-[ . . . ] DU-[ . . . ] DU-[ . . . ] DU-[ . . . ] ˹ ˺ x [ . . . ] (remainder of column lost) (remainder of face lost)

525. CUNES 52-10-159 (See Plate 22) Measurements: 62*×60*×36* Contents: Humans face a′ (beginning of face lost) face a′ col. i′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ ˹a-zu˺ iriki níĝin-na 2′ a-zu ga-ab-x-x 3′ a-zu túgníĝ-ĝá-lá 4′ [š]ag4 é-gal 5′ [r]á-gaba 6′ [r]á-gaba saĝ-ĝá-na 7′ [rá]-gaba x x x ˹ 8′ [rá]- gaba x-x˺ (remainder of column lost)

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Remarks face a′ col. i′ 3′. Likely a mistake for túg- níĝ-lá, “bandage,” attested in OB Nippur Ura 4 l. 597. 4′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 78. 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 23, 77.

1′ 2′ 3′ 4′ 5′ 6′ 7′ 8′ 9′ 10′ 11′

face a′ col. ii′ (beginning of column lost) [šu]-kal-le- ~tu-da munus šu-kal-le- ~tu-da {indent} x x a-lá {indent} géme géme gal géme igi lugal géme um-mi-a [gé]me é-uz-ga [gé]me é-pa-pah [gé]me šag4 é-gal (remainder of column lost)

Remarks face a′ col. ii′ 1′. Parallels OB Nippur Nigga l. 158. 2′. Parallels OB Nippur Nigga l. 159. 5′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 374. 7′. Compare OB Nippur Lu l. 647, which reads nar igi lugal.

face b′ face b′ col. i (beginning of column lost) 1′ š[à-tam . . .] 2′ šà-tam-˹x˺-[ . . . ] 3′ šà-tam šag4 é-˹gal˺ 4′ šà-tam é-agrig 5′ šà-tam é-gud 6′ šà-tam é-uš-bar 7′ šà-tam é-gurušda 8′ šà-tam abul 9′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ (remainder of column lost)

Remarks 6′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 37. 7′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 38, 39. 8′. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 35. face b′ col. ii (beginning of column lost) 1′ ˹ma˺-[ . . . ] 2′ balaĝ x [ . . . ] ~ da ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 4′ balaĝ x ˹x˺ [ . . . ] ~ da-˹x˺-[ . . . ] 5′ ba[laĝ . . .] (remainder of column lost) (remainder of face lost)

15 ACRO GRAPHI C LI STS Proto-Izi (Type IV)

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 274. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 275. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 277.

526. CUNES 48-10-023 Measurements: 84×75×29 Contents: Acrographic (Izi) Obverse 1 AN húb-bé! 2 an-pa 3 AN PA X Reverse Blank

529. CUNES 51-07-095 Measurements: 69×72×19 Contents: Acrographic (Izi) Obverse 1 {indent} šeg12 2 šeg12 al-ùr-ra 3 bisaĝ ù-šub-ba Reverse 1 {indent} še[g12] 2 šeg12 a[l-ù]r-r[a] 3 bisaĝ ù-šub-[ba]

Remarks 2. Parallels OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 20. 527. CUNES 50-04-160 Measurements: 75×76×32 Contents: Acrographic (Izi) Obverse 1 kíĝ sà-ha-ru kíĝ 2 kíĝ ši-te-ú!(E) kíĝ 3 ur4 ha-ma-mu ur4ur-ur Reverse 1 kíĝ-kíĝ 2 kíĝ-kíĝ 3 ur4-ur4

Remarks The reverse is rotated approximately 90 degrees to the left. 1. Parallels OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 274. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 275. 3. Compare bisaĝ ĝešù-šub-ba in OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 291. 530. CUNES 51-07-109 Measurements: 58×64×25 Contents: Acrographic (Izi) Obverse 1 sahar dub-ba 2 sahar šúš 3 sahar úš Written below the line: {indent}sa-ha-ar-šu e-pe-ru u4-ku-tum1 Reverse 1 sahar dub-ba 2 sahar šú 3 sahar úš

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 47. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 48. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 49. 528. CUNES 51-07-088 Measurements: 67×68×24 Contents: Acrographic (Izi) Obverse 1 [šeg12] 2 šeg12 ˹ùr˺-ra 3 šeg12-šeg12 Reverse 1 {indent} šeg12 2 šeg12 ùr-ra 3 šeg12-šeg12

1 We wish to thank Klaus Wagensonner (personal communication, February 2018) for interpreting this line for us.

195

196

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Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 319. For discussion of sahar dub = tarbu’tu, see Michalowski and Beckman 2012, 430. 3. Compare sahar uš in OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 321. Below the line: Here the scribe wrote the pronunciation glosses for sahar as attested in OB Nippur Ea ll. 250 and 250a, and the Akkadian gloss, e-pe-ru, attested in OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 310. Note the mistake u4-ku-tum for ú-ku-um. 531. CUNES 52-20-331 Measurements: 73×82×24 Contents: Acrographic (Izi) Obverse 1 é zid 2 é lunga(ŠIM)! 3 é kìšib Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Izi Tab. I, 369. 2. Compare the ŠIM in 101 l. 2. 3. Parallels Hh XX–XXIV OB Forerunner 8 viii 39 (MSL 11, 142). 532. CUNES 53-01-207 Measurements: 82×84×30 Contents: Acrographic (Izi) Obverse 1 ˹á˺ ĝál 2 ˹á˺ ĝál 3 á ĝál Reverse 1 ˹á ĝál˺ 2 ˹á˺ [ĝál] 3 ˹á˺ [ĝál]

Remarks These lines parallel OB Nippur Izi Tab. II, 54–56. 533. CUNES 50-04-153 Measurements: 76×76×25 Contents: Acrographic (Izi) Obverse 1 suhur-e

2 suhur-e 3 suhur-e Reverse Blank

Remarks suhur-e occurs in OB Nippur Izi Tab. II, 143–44. 534. CUNES 49-09-164 Measurements: 74×73×22 Contents: Acrographic (Izi) Obverse 1 {indent} ú 2 ˹ú˺-hi-a 3 ˹ú-šim˺ Reverse 1 {indent} ˹ú˺ 2 [ú-hi]-a 3 [ú]-šim

Remarks 1. Parallels Izi E i 250–250p (MSL 13, 192). 2. Parallels Izi E i 262–264 (MSL 13, 193). 3. Parallels Izi E i 267–268 (MSL 13, 193).

Partial Parallels with (or Variants of) Kagal (Type IV) 535. CUNES 50-02-126 Measurements: 79×78×33 Contents: Acrographic (Kagal) Obverse 1 é-e 2 é-kur 3 é-ur Reverse Blank

Remarks See the duplicate text 536. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Kagal 183. 536. CUNES 50-02-144 Measurements: 82×75*×25 Contents: Acrographic (Kagal) Obverse 1 ˹é-e˺ 2 ˹é-kur˺

Acrographic Lists

3 ˹é-ur˺ Reverse 1 [é-e] 2 ˹é-kur˺ 3 ˹é-ur˺

Remarks For commentary, see the duplicate text 535. 537. CUNES 48-10-029 Measurements: 66×69×29 Contents: Acrographic (Kagal) Obverse 1 é-ša6-[ga] 2 é-hur-saĝ Reverse Blank

Remarks 2. Compare OB Nippur Kagal l. 237, which reads é-hur-saĝ kalam-ma. é-hur-saĝ also occurs in Civil 2010, 2.1.1 (MS 2656 r. i 35′ [P251684]), a Type I unprovenanced version of OB Kagal. 538. CUNES 48-08-030 Measurements: 78.5×79×22 Contents: Acrographic (Kagal) Obverse 1 KA KA 2 KA KA KA 3 KA KA KA KA Reverse Erased

Remarks 3. For ka-KA.KA.KA, see Kagal D Section A 3 (MSL 13 p. 250). 539. CUNES 50-02-092 Measurements: 85×79×26 Contents: Acrographic (Kagal) Obverse 1 ˹é˺ níĝ-˹gur11?˺ 2 ˹é˺ níĝ-˹ZI?˺ 3 ˹é˺ níĝ-˹gur7?˺ Reverse 1 [é] ˹níĝ x x?˺ 2 [é] ˹níĝ-ZI?˺

197

3 [é] ˹níĝ˺-[gur7?] 540. CUNES 48-10-028 Measurements: 83×74×22 Contents: Acrographic (Kagal) Obverse Lost Reverse 1 é dùg ur4-[x] 2 é anzumušen ninnu! šu-˹galam˺ 3 é šu-galam-[ma?]

Remarks é occurs as the first element in OB Nippur Kagal ll. 49–188, 197–239. 1.The é-dùg is attested as the bedchamber of Ninĝirsu in his Girsu temple, the é-ninnu (George 1993, 79). é-ninnu occurs in OB Nippur Kagal l. 209. 3. The šu-ga-lam is part of the é-ninnu (George 1993, 146). This many also refer to the é-igi-šu- galam, a Nippur shrine of Ninurta, attested in Ninurta hymns (George 1993, 105). 541. CUNES 48-06-394 Measurements: 85×87×30 Contents: Acrographic (Kagal) Obverse 1 a sud-rá 2 a huš-a 3 a naĝ Reverse 1 a sud-rá 2 a huš-a 3 a naĝ

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Nippur Kagal l. 431. 2. Parallels OB Nippur Kagal l. 324. 3. Parallels OB Nippur Kagal l. 446. 542. CUNES 48-09-179 Measurements: 92×91×32 Contents: Acrographic (Kagal) Obverse 1 ĝá-nun DU 2 ĝìri D[U] 3 eden-na

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Reverse 1 ĝá-nun DU 2 ĝìri DU 3 eden-na

Remarks 1. ĝá-nun occurs in Kagal F 91 (MSL 13, 254). 2. ĝiri3 DU-DU occurs in Kagal I 310, 311 (MSL 13, 230).

Partial Parallels Nigga (Type IV) 543. CUNES 49-09-170 Measurements: 78×74×23 Contents: Acrographic (Nigga) Obverse 1 níĝ-dutu mu-˹un˺- ~˹zu?˺ 2 níĝ-LUM-ma 3 [níĝ]-ŠID-ma Reverse Blank

Remarks 3. Parallels OB Nippur Nigga ll. 34, 53. 544. CUNES 48-02-126 Measurements: 75×65×27 Contents: Acrographic (Nigga) Obverse 1 ki-sikil 2 ki-sikil sag10 3 ki-sikil ˹líl˺--lá Reverse 1 ki-sikil 2 ki-sikil sag10 3 ki-sikil líl--lá

Remarks 3. Parallels OB Nippur Nigga l. 508. 545. CUNES 50-02-083 Measurements: 81×81×20 Contents: Acrographic (Nigga) Obverse 1 šu-ga 2 šu-ga 3 šu-ga

Reverse Blank

Remarks The series beginning with šu occurs in OB Nippur Nigga ll. 156–284. 546. CUNES 48-09-178 Measurements: 84×83×27 Contents: Acrographic (Nigga) Obverse 1 šu-dù-a gig[gi] 2 šu peš gu-ul 3 šu peš gu-la Reverse ˹ dù˺-a giggi 1 šu- 2 šu peš gu-ul 3 šu peš gu-la

Remarks The series beginning with šu occurs in OB Nippur Nigga ll. 156–284. 547. CUNES 50-02-105 Measurements: 72×70×23 Contents: Acrographic (Nigga) Obverse 1 šu-na mu-gi4 2 šu dutu 3 šu gú ˹HI×X? x˺ Reverse Blank

Remarks The series beginning with šu occurs in OB Nippur Nigga ll. 156–284. 548. CUNES 52-02-041 Measurements: 75×83×27 Contents: Acrographic (Nigga?) Obverse 1 gú-{erasure}-r[e] 2 gú-še-˹šè˺ 3 gú--re-šè Reverse ˹ ˺ re 1 gú- 2 gú-še-šè 3 gú--re-[šè]

Acrographic Lists

written below the line: d suen dutu

Remarks The series beginning with gú occurs in OB Nippur Nigga ll. 418–488.

Partial Parallels Saĝ (Type IV) 549. CUNES 50-01-064 Measurements: 76×77×25 Contents: Acrographic (Saĝ) Obverse 1 inim du11-{erasure}-ga 2 inim-ma {erasure} zid 3 [d]u11-˹ga˺ zi-da Reverse Lost

Remarks 1. Parallels OB Saĝ iii 6 (MSL SS 1, 17–27).

Unparalleled (Type II) 550. CUNES 50-09-041 (See Plate 23) Measurements: 160×93×29 Contents: Acrographic (unparalleled) Obverse col. i 1 [(x?)]-˹x˺-ne-˹DÍM˺ 2 [(x?)]-˹x˺-ni-DÍM 3 [ . . . ] ~ [ . . . ] ~ DÍM 4 [(x?)] ˹x˺ NE DÍM 5 [(x?)] diĝir-ĝu10-gin7 6 [(x?)] ˹d˺nanna-gin7 7 [(x?)] ĝeš tuku 8 [(x?)]-˹x˺ al-ga-ab-du7 double line ruling 9 [(x?)] E 10 [(x?)] ˹x˺ 11 [(x?)] DÚB 12 [(x?)] BÁHAR 13 [(x?)] HÚB 14 [(x?)] KIN 15 [(x?)] KIN

199

[ . . . ]-˹x˺ col. ii 1 ˹a? x˺ [ . . . ] 2 ˹a NE x˺-[ . . . ] 3 ˹a NE x˺-[ . . . ] 4 ˹a˺ ba-x-BU-x˺-[(x?)] 5 ˹a?˺ ba-e-[ . . . ] (remainder of column erased) Reverse Mostly blank. On the upper right corner there are traces of a seal impression with a standard presentation scene but no visible inscription. To the left of the seal impression is the name ma-hu-ì!-lí!. There are also traces of signs in the upper left corner. 16

Remarks We classified this as an acrographic text based on C. Jay Crisostomo’s suggestion. He states (correspondence, 2017) that “[t]heoretically, acrographic lists allow the main sign to appear anywhere in the entry, although most often it is the initial sign. . . . So even the most strictly acrographic of these lists, Nigga, allows for some movement—so, for example, in the bala section, bala can frequently be the final sign (cf. CBS 10984 r ii 38–iii 3 = P227639). Izi allows this more than any of the other acrographic lists, which are more often restricted to initial sign. What makes this text unique is that [there is no section in Izi] with quite so many entries with the governing sign in final position. Usually, Izi is a little more free flowing, with only a few entries at a time moving the sign to final.”

Saĝ (Type III) 551. CUNES 48-06-282 Measurements: 67×48×22 Contents: Acrographic (Saĝ) Obverse 1 [KA] ˹RI?˺ [x] 2 ˹uš11˺-r i-a 3 KA KA-NE 4 inim-làl 5 du11-ge-du7 6 inim gi-na 7 inim lul 8 ka-mud-ĝál

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9 10

ka-tar ka-tar zìg Double Ruling Reverse Blank

Remarks 2. Parallels Proto-Saĝ text D ii 7′ (MSL SS 1, 12). 4. Parallels Proto-Saĝ text D i 11′ (MSL SS 1, 11). 6. Parallels Proto-Saĝ text D i 8′ (MSL SS 1, 11) and OB bilingual Saĝ A (YBC 9868) ii 57 (MSL SS 1, 21).

7. Compare Proto-Saĝ text F l. 14, which reads ka- lul-e-bal-bal (MSL SS 1, 13). 8. Parallels Proto-Saĝ text A x 15′ (MSL SS 1, 9). 9. Parallels bilingual Saĝ A (YBC 9868) iii alpha 10 (MSL SS 1, 22). 10. Parallels bilingual Saĝ A (YBC 9868) iii alpha 12 (MSL SS 1, 22).

Nigga (Type I) 552. CUNES 48-09-167 Contents: Nigga **To be published by C. Jay Crisostomo

16 UGUMU Type IV (Paralleled)

2 3

553. CUNES 49-09-171 Measurements: 81×81×33 Contents: OB Nippur Ugumu 30–33 Obverse 1 ˹suhur-ĝu10˺ 2 ˹suhur˺-[dili]-ĝu10 3 ˹ki zi˺-[ir-ĝ]u10 Reverse 1 [suh]ur- ĝu10 ˹ 2 [suh]ur- dili˺-ĝu10 3 [ki]-zi-ir-˹ĝu10˺

á zi-da-ĝu10 á gáb-bu-ĝu10

Remarks Although the terms occur in OB Nippur Izi Tab. II (ll. 7, 12, and 13, respectively), the presence of -ĝu10 makes it clear that this is a variant of Ugumu. 2. Compare OB Nippur Ugumu l. 205, which reads á ˹da˺-da?-ĝu10. Note the preceding fifteen lines are missing, so our entries may very well have had a parallel. 555. CUNES 49-03-035 Measurements: 81×72×28 Contents: Ugumu? Obverse 1 ur- ĝ[u10] 2 diĝir kalag-ĝ[u10] 3 á šu-du7 nam-[lú]- ~ùlu-lu-ĝ[u10?] Reverse Blank except for doodling

Remarks OB Nippur Ugumu ll. 30–33 read as follows: 30. suhur-ĝu10 31. suhur-[x]-ĝu10 32. suhur-lá?-ĝu10 33. ki-zé-er-ĝu10

Type IV (Unparalleled)

Translation

554. CUNES 52-03-025 Measurements: 74×73×28 Contents: Ugumu Obverse 1 usu- ĝu10 2 á zi-da-ĝu10 3 á gáb-bu-ĝu10 Reverse 1 usu- ĝu10

1 2 3

My hero, My powerful god, My perfectly equipped arm of mankind.

Remarks We thank J. Peterson (personal communication, October 2017) for identifying this as a possible variant to the ending of Ugumu.

201

17 GO D LI STS Type IV 556. CUNES 50-02-125 Measurements: 88×45×25 Contents: Nippur God List ll. 10, 11, 8 Obverse 1 [dnin-m]ah 2 [dnin]-tu 3 [dnin]-hur-saĝ-ĝá Written below the line: [i]m? ìl-šu-ib-ni-šu Reverse 1 [dnin]-mah 2 [dnin]-tu 3 [dnin-hur]-saĝ-ĝá

Remarks 1. Parallels Nippur God List (hereafter NGL) l. 10; Weidner God List (hereafter Weidner) l. 220. 2. Parallels NGL l. 11; Weidner l. 219. 3. Parallels NGL l. 8; Weidner l. 221. 557. CUNES 50-04-151 Measurements: 74×75×25 Contents: Nippur God List ll. 18, 17, 19 Obverse 1 dsuen 2 dnanna 3 ddil-ím-babbar Reverse Blank

Remarks

1 duraš 2 [d]nin-urta 3 [d]nuska(PA.U.TÚG) Reverse 1 [d]uraš 2 [d]nin-urta 3 ˹d˺nuska(PA.U.TÚG)

Remarks 1. Parallels NGL ll. 3, 37; Weidner l. 39. 2. Parallels NGL l. 34; Weidner l. 38. 3. We understand this as a variant spelling for dNuska(PA.TÚG). Cf. UM 29-13-84, a nonstandard OB Nippur God List that has the order Ninurta, Nuska (Peterson 2009, 99), and CBS 13916 (Peterson 2014, 322), which has the spelling d U.PA.TÚG for Nuska. CUNES 51-04-040 Measurements: 68×70×20 Contents: Obverse: Proverbs (unparalleled); Reverse: god list (NGL l. 50; Weidner l. 20) **For transliteration, see sub Proverbs 559. CUNES 50-01-061 Measurements: 78×78×24 Contents: NGL l. 74 Obverse 1 dištaran 2 dištaran 3 dištaran Reverse 1 dištaran 2 dištaran 3 dištaran

1. Parallels NGL l. 18;Weidner l. 11; OB Diri Nippur Seg. 10, l. 49. 2. Parallels NGL l. 17; Weidner l. 10; OB Diri Nippur Seg. 10, l. 48. 3. Parallels NGL l. 19; OB Diri Nippur Seg. 10, l. 50.

ištaran occurs in NGL l. 74; Weidner l. 74 as well as OB Nippur Diri Seg. 9, 1. 12.

558. CUNES 52-12-002 Measurements: 77×74*×21 Contents: Nippur God List ll. 3/37, 34 Obverse

560. CUNES 51-07-111 Measurements: 72×72×26 Contents: Obverse: god list Reverse: Akkadian Personal Names

Remarks d

202

God Lists

Obverse 1 dur-ma-tum 2 dšu-bu-la 3 Blank Reverse 1 mab-bi-KU 2 mqar-x-du-ud 3 m˹x-x-x-x-x-x-x˺ 4 m˹x-x-x-x˺ 5 m˹a-x-x-x˺

Remarks 1. Parallels Weidner l. 93. 2. Parallels NGL l. 80; Weidner l. 95. The text on the reverse is enclosed in a box and situated in the upper left corner of the reverse. 561. CUNES 49-02-054 Measurements: 77×77×25 Contents: god list Obverse doodling above the line 1 dPAP.NUMUN.KA 2 d˹lugal-ir9˺-ra 3 dmes-lam-ta-[è-a] doodling below the line Reverse Lost

Remarks 1. For dPAP.NUMUN.KA, attested in OB Larsa, see Krebernik 2003–5, 327. 2. Parallels NGL l. 143; Weidner l. 113. 3. Parallels NGL l. 144; Weidner l. 114. 562. CUNES 49-08-042 Measurements: 70×70×27 Contents: god list Obverse 1 [dni]n-me-a-an-˹na˺ 2 [dni]n-simug 3 [dn]in-e-ba-an-zi-gi[n7] Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. For the goddess Nin-me-an-na, attested in Ur III Nippur, see Sallaberger 1993, 104. 2. Parallels NGL l. 155.

203

Type II 563. CUNES 50-02-151 Measurements: 94×75×28 Contents: god list Obverse col. i 1 [ . . . ] 2 [dnin]-urta 3 [ . . . ] 4 d˹x-x-x˺ 5 d˹x-x-x˺ 6 d˹en-líl˺ 7 BLANK 8 d˹suen˺ 9 d˹x-x˺ 10 dnin-m[ug?] 11 den-x double line ruling col. ii Blank Reverse Divided into four very narrow columns. Erased.

Remarks 2. Parallels NGL l. 34; Weidner l. 38. 6. Parallels NGL l. 4; Weidner l. 3. 8. Parallels NGL l. 18; Weidner l. 11. 10. Parallels NGL l. 174; Weidner l. 97. 564. CUNES 52-20-333 Measurements: 127×117×34 Contents: god list Obverse col. i 1 dAB-Ú 2 dnanab!(MUL) 3 dnin-˹EZEN(×X?)˺ 4 d˹saĝ?˺-bi 5 dlugal-ér-ra 6 dmes-lam-ta-UD. ~DU-a 7 d˹maš˺-[tab]-ba 8 dh[u-wa]-wa 9 dinana-ma-ti 10 dnin-ib-gal

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col. ii ˹d AB-Ú˺ ˹dna nab!(MUL)˺ d nin-EZ[EN(×X?)] d˹ ˺ x -bi ˹d˺ [lug]al-ér-[ra] d˹ mes-lam-è-a˺~ta 7 maš -tab-˹ba˺ 8 dhu-wa-wa 9 d˹inana-ma˺-ti 10 d˹nin-ib˺-gal Bottom Edge Doodling Reverse Lost

1 2 3 4 5 6

Remarks obv. col. i, ii 1. Parallels NGL l. 108; Weidner l. 150. 2. Compare An = Anum Tablet 5 l. 64, which reads d nab. 3. Possibly gublaga as in NGL 21, although variants with EZEN are attested (Peterson 2009, 21). 5. Parallels Weidner l. 113. 6. Parallels NGL l. 144. 7. Parallels Weidner l. 216. 10. Parallels TCL 15, 10 v 35, an OB god list of unclear provenience, and An = Anum 4:40.

Wide-Ruled Type III 565. CUNES 52-07-075 Measurements: 72×58×21 Contents: god list Obverse 1 dlugal-bàn-da 2 dnin-kar-ra-ak 3 dgu-la 4 dpa-bil-saĝ 5 dda-mu 6 wide blank line with a number of finger nail indentations Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels Weidner l. 51. 2. Parallels NGL l. 44; Weidner l. 176. 3. Parallels NGL l. 43; Weidner l. 151. 4. Parallels NGL l. 40; Weidner l. 177. 5. Parallels Weidner l. 157. 566. CUNES 50-02-061 Measurements: 78×60×24 Contents: god list Obverse 1 dkab-ta 2 dmar-tu 3 dAN-mar-tu 4 dpiriĝ-an-na 5 dĝeštin-{erasure}-an-na! 6 dnin-mug Double Ruling Reverse Lost, except for the final double ruling

Remarks This tablet parallels the unpublished and unprovenanced OB God List Lambert Folio 7344-47, ll. 25–30 (reference courtesy of Andrew George). 1. Parallels NGL l. 117; Weidner l. 207. 2. Parallels NGL l. 45; Weidner l. 196. 3. Parallels NGL l. 47; Weidner l. 197. 4.The na was either partially erased or written over an erasure. 5. Parallels NGL l. 185; Weidner l. 191. 6. Parallels NGL l. 174; Weidner l. 97. 567. CUNES 50-02-160 Measurements: 82×60×25 Contents: god list Obverse 1 dmu-úh-ra 2 di-šar-ki-di-su 3 di-šar-a-li-a 4 di-šar-né-ri-˹su˺ 5 di-šar-ma-ti- ~˹šu11˺ Large blank space Reverse Erased except for doodling

God Lists

Remarks 2. Parallels NGL 149; Weidner l. 82. 3. Compare Weidner l. 84, which reads di-šar-a-li-su. 4. Parallels NGL 150; Weidner l. 83. 5. Parallels NGL 151; Weidner l. 81. 568. CUNES 49-13-175 Measurements: 42*×57×19 Contents: god list Obverse 1′ dEN-˹x˺-[x] 2′ dnin-da-šur[im] 3′ den-du6-kù-ga (Remainder of obverse lost) Reverse Blank

Remarks Compare Peterson 2009, 83–84, a nonstandard god list from Nippur: col. ii 1. [den-da]-šurim-ma 2. [dnin-da]-šurim-ma 5. [den-du6]-kù-ga 569. CUNES 50-02-066 Measurements: 99×77×29 Contents: god list Obverse (At least three lines lost) 1′ ˹d˺[ . . . ] 2′ d˹nin?˺-x-x-[ . . . ] 3′ dnin-nin-AN-[ . . . ] 4′ d[nin]-x-AN-[ . . . ] 5′ dnin-[ . . . ] 6′ dnin-[ . . . ] 7′ dnin-[ . . . ]-x 8′ dnin-a?-x-x Reverse Blank except for a large cluster of imprints from a stylus 570. CUNES 50-02-072 Measurements: 93×65×24 Contents: god list Obverse 1 dURU?-šà-ga

205

2 dnin-SAL-zi-bar 3 [dni]n-é-an-na 4 dnin-ĝá-nun ~ ĜÍR ~ KA ~ tir-ra 5 [dni]n-PAD-ur 6 ˹d˺nin-bàd Reverse 1 ˹d˺nin-x-x Double line ruling

Remarks Obverse A cluster of practice wedges covers the right middle of the tablet. Finger nail impressions occur in the upper and bottom edges. 3. Parallels Weidner l. 159. 6. Parallels Weidner l. 260. Reverse There are traces of a previous exercise for which the tablet had been divided into cases. There are also a number of fingernail impressions. 571. CUNES 50-02-073 Measurements: 92×69×31 Contents: god list Obverse 1 [d]˹ab˺-ba{-partially erased Ú} 2 dBU-Ú 3 dhu-wa-wa 4 dnam-tar 5 dšu-˹(x?)˺-x 6 dma-an-nu-um-ma-hir-ša double ruling Reverse Blank

Remarks 1. dab-Ú is attested in NGL l. 108. dAb-ba-Ú, son of Ba-Ú is attested in the Lament for Ur ll. 23–24.

Landscape Type III 572. CUNES 49-13-154 Measurements: 70×71*×34* Contents: god list

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Obverse Lost Reverse col. i (=LEFT) (beginning of column lost) 1′ [an] 2′ an-tum 3′ den-líl 4′ dnin-líl 5′ dsuen 6′ dnin-gal! 7′ dba-ba6 8′ dnin-ĝír-su 9′ dig-alim 10′ dsi-x-x col. ii (=RIGHT) 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [ . . . ] 3′ AN [ . . . ] 4′ den-líl 5′ dnin! Rest blank with one alim-sign in the middle.

Remarks This tablet parallels the unpublished and unprovenanced OB God List Lambert Folio 7344-47, ll. 1–10 (reference courtesy of Andrew George). Reverse col. i 1′. Parallels Weidner l. 1. 2′. Parallels NGL l. 2; Weidner l. 2. 3′. Parallels Weidner l. 3. 4′. Parallels Weidner l. 4. 5′. Parallels NGL l. 18; Weidner l. 5. 6′. Parallels NGL l. 20; Weidner l. 12. 7′. Parallels NGL l. 41; Weidner l. 50. 8′. Parallels NGL l. 35; Weidner l. 47. 9′. Parallels NGL l. 77. 573. CUNES 53-02-130 Measurements: 49×58×18 Contents: Weidner God List ll. 100–102 Obverse Erased Reverse 1 dšúllat

2 dhániš 3 debih 4 dúttu 5 Blank

Remarks 1. Parallels Weidner l. 100. 2. Parallels Weidner l. 101. 3. Parallels Weidner l. 102. 4. We understand this as a variant writing for duttu (NGL l. 195; Weidner l. 143), which is attested in later traditions.

Type III 574. CUNES 48-10-147 Measurements: 62×44×24 Contents: god list Obverse 1 {erased} 2 DIŠ˹d˺en-líl 3 [DIŠ] ˹d˺nin-líl 4 [DIŠ] ˹d˺suen 5 DIŠ ˹d˺en-ki 6 [DIŠ d]inana 7 DIŠ ˹d˺nin-urta 8 DIŠ diškur 9 DIŠ d{erasure} utu 10 DIŠ dnin-[x] 11 [DIŠ] dnisaba Reverse 1 a-na-ku-ú sà-ar-tam 2 a-ša-pa-ra-kum (remainder blank)

Remarks Obverse 2. Parallels NGL l. 4; Weidner l. 3. 3. Parallels NGL l. 6; Weidner l. 4. 4. Parallels NGL l. 18; Weidner l. 11. 5. Parallels NGL l. 22; Weidner l. 57. 6. Parallels NGL l. 54; Weidner l. 18. 7. Parallels NGL l. 34; Weidner l. 38. 8. Parallels NGL l. 27; Weidner ll. 185, 186. 9. Parallels NGL l. 31; Weidner l. 32. 11. Parallels NGL l. 118; Weidner l. 199.

God Lists

Reverse Two lines from an Akkadian letter: “Do I really write you a lie?” For the use of sartum, “lie” in OB letters, see CAD S, 186.1 575. CUNES 50-02-063 Measurements: 99×62×27 Contents: god list Obverse 1 dnin-ter-ra-ba 2 dnin-šuk-nir! 3 dnin-gàr 4 dnin-IG 5 dnin-nésaĝ-x 6 dnin-ta!-kul-tú 7 dnin-ku6-mušen 8 dnin-kib-na Double Ruling d 9 nin-ter-ra-ba 10 dnin-šuk-nir 11 dnin-gàr Reverse 1 dnin-IG 2 dnin-nésaĝ-x 3 dnin-ta!-kul-tú 4 dnin-ku6-mušen 5 dnin-kib-na Double Ruling 6 Blank Double Ruling 7 large blank space with erasure Written below the line: ur-AN md utu

Remarks obv. 1/9. See Cavigneaux and Krebernik 1998–2001. obv. 2/11. Compare NGL l. 147, and see Peterson 2009, 62 n. 36. obv. 6/rev. 3. We thank Jeremiah Peterson for this suggestion. obv. 8/rev. 5. Perhaps a mistake for dnin-buranun2 (KIB.NUN.NA). 1 We are grateful to Klaus Wagensonner for interpreting these lines for us.

207

Type I 576. CUNES 52-10-177 Measurements: 82*×75*×24 Contents: Obverse: god list Reverse: Syllable Alphabet A Obverse col. i 1 [ . . . ] 2 [d]˹za-ba4˺-ba4 3 [ . . . ]-pa 4 [ . . . ]-ga 5 [dm]a-ma 6 [dm]a-mi 7 [dm]a-mi-tum 8 [d]namma 9 [d]˹nanše˺ 10 [d . . .]-a 11 [d . . .]-˹x˺

Remarks obv. col. i This tablet parallels the unpublished and unprovenanced OB God List Lambert Folio 7344-47, ll. 34–42 (reference courtesy of Andrew George). 2. Parallels NGL l. 38; Weidner ll. 42 and 45. 5. Parallels NGL l. 15; Weidner l. 91. 6. Parallels NGL l. 79; Weidner l. 90. 8. Parallels NGL l. 107. 9. Parallels NGL l. 99. col. ii 1 dinana 2 ddím-ma! 3 duraš 4 dnin-urta 5 dlugal-túg 6 dlugal-x-KU 7 dlugal-zid 8 dašnan 9 dgibil6-˹x˺ 10 dna-zi 11 ˹d˺si4-ma-ha-ši 12 [dla-g]a-ma-al 13 [d . . .]-˹x-x˺ (remainder of column lost)

Elementar y Education in Babylonia

208

Remarks obv. col. ii This tablet parallels the unpublished and unprovenanced OB God List Lambert Folio 7344-47, cf. 62 and ff. (reference courtesy of Andrew George). 1. Parallels NGL l. 54; Weidner l. 18. 3. Parallels NGL l. 3; Weidner l 39. 4. Parallels NGL l. 34; Weidner l. 38. 8. Parallels NGL l. 121; Weidner l. 201. 9. Parallels NGL l. 73; Weidner l. 7. 10. Parallels NGL l. 98. 12. Parallels NGL l. 39; Weidner l. 41. Reverse col. i (=RIGHT) 1′ me-a 2′ me-ni 3′ aš-ni 4′ aš-ur 5′ nun-ni 6′ nun-ur 7′ a-ku 8′ lagab-a 9′ a-pap 10′ pap-a (double ruling) 11′ a-an

Remarks rev. col. i 1′–11′. Parallel SA A ll. 23–33. 1′ 2′ 3′ 4′ 5′ 6′ 7′ 8′ 9′ 10′ 11′

col. ii (=LEFT) [an]-ba [an-ba]-ni [an]-ni [an-ni]-zu [dùg]-ga [dùg]-dùg-ga [me]-dùg [me]-dùg-ga [ši-b]a-ni [ši-ba]-ur [hu-h]u

577. CUNES 50-02-146 Measurements: 132×115×25 Contents: god list and tu-ta-ti Obverse obv. col i. (beginning of column lost) 1′ d˹kab-ta˺ 2′ dutu 3′ da-a 4′ dnisa[ba] 5′ d˹MÚŠ-ÁB˺ 6′ dx-x 7′ dlugal-x-x 8′ dAB-˹Ú˺ 9′ dgu-˹la˺ 10′ d˹zadim˺ 11′ d˹ašgab?˺ 12′ [dš]a-˹la!˺ 13′ dnin-túg-an-na 14′ drig9

Remarks obv. col. i This section parallels the unpublished and unprovenanced OB God List Lambert Folio 7344-47, ll. 12–25 (reference courtesy of Andrew George). 1′. Restored following Lambert Folio 7344-47 l. 12. 2′. Parallels NGL l. 31; Weidner l. 32. 3′. Parallels NGL l. 32; Weidner l. 33. 4′. Parallels NGL l. 68; Weidner l. 199. 8′. Parallels NGL l. 108; Weidner l. 150. 9′. Parallels NGL l. 43; Weidner l. 151. 12′. Parallels NGL l. 29; Weidner l. 187.

1′ 2′ 3′ 4′ 5′

obv. col. ii. (beginning of column lost) DIŠ tu-ta-˹ti˺ DIŠ nu DIŠ na DIŠ ni DIŠ nu-na-˹ni˺

Remarks rev. col. ii

Remarks obv. col. ii

1′–11′. Parallel SA A ll. 90–100.

1′–5′. Parallel TuTaTi ll. 4–8.

1′ 2′ 3′ 4′ 5′ 6′ 7′

God Lists

obv. col. iii. (beginning of column lost) DIŠ ra DIŠ ri DIŠ ru!-ra-r i DIŠ hu DIŠ ha DIŠ hi ˹ DIŠ hu-ha-hi˺

Remarks obv. col. iii 1′. Parallels TuTaTi l. 30. 2′. Parallels TuTaTi l. 31. 3′. Parallels TuTaTi l. 32. 4′. Parallels TuTaTi l. 21. 5′. Parallels TuTaTi l. 22. 6′. Parallels TuTaTi l. 23. 7′. Parallels TuTaTi l. 24. obv. col. iv. 1′ DIŠ z[i] 2′ DIŠ ˹zu-za-zi˺ 3′ DIŠ ˹x˺ 4′ ˹DIŠ˺ [. . .  .] 5′ D[IŠ . . .] 6′ [DIŠ . . .]

Remarks obv. col. iv 1′. Parallels TuTaTi l. 15. 2′. Parallels TuTaTi l. 16. Reverse rev. col. i (=LEFT) 1 {indent} an 2 narrow blank line 3 an-tum 4 den-líl 5 dnin-líl 6 dsuen 7 dnin-gal 8 dba-ba6 9 dnin-an-zu 10 ddìm!-pi- 11 dnamma-HI-TAG 12 den-ki! 13 dnin-MARki!

14 15 16 17 18 19

209

utu a-a d nisaba d MÚŠ-ÁB d lugal-mes [d]˹ lugal-DI-NE˺ d d

Remarks rev. col. i This section parallels the unpublished and unprovenanced OB God List Lambert Folio 7344-47, ll. 1–18 (reference courtesy of Andrew George). 1. Parallels NGL l. 1; Weidner l. 1. 3. Parallels NGL l. 2; Weidner l. 2. 4. Parallels NGL l. 4; Weidner l. 3. 5. Parallels NGL l. 6; Weidner l. 4. 6. Parallels NGL l. 18; Weidner l. 11. 7. Parallels NGL l. 20; Weidner l. 12. 8. Parallels NGL l. 41; Weidner l 50. 9. Perhaps a mistake for dnin-a-zu in NGL l. 93; Weidner l. 29. 10. Parallels NGL l. 92. 11. dnamma occurs unmodified in NGL l. 107. 12. Parallels NGL l. 22; Weidner l. 57. 13. Parallels NGL l. 100; Weidner l. 245. 14. Parallels NGL l. 31; Weidner l. 32. 15. Parallels NGL l. 32; Weidner l. 33. 16. Parallels NGL l. 118; Weidner l. 199. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

rev. col ii. d AB-Ú d gu-la! d zadim d ašgab? d ša-la! d nin-túg-an-na d rig9 d mar-tu d an-mar-tu d DU-an-na d i-šum d ĜAR-x d inana d dumu-zid d a-lam d za-ba4-ba4 d súllat

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18

hániš

d

Remarks rev. col. ii This section parallels the unpublished and unprovenanced OB God List Lambert Folio 7344-47, ll. 19–36 (reference courtesy of Andrew George). 1. Parallels NGL l. 108; Weidner l. 150. 2. Parallels NGL l. 43; Weidner l. 151. 5. Parallels NGL l. 29; Weidner l. 187. 8. Parallels NGL l. 45; Weidner l. 196. 9. Parallels NGL l. 47; Weidner l. 197. 11. Parallels NGL l. 87; Weidner l. 96. 13. Parallels NGL l. 54; Weidner l. 18. 14. Parallels NGL l. 50; Weidner l. 20. 16. Parallels NGL l. 138; Weidner ll. 42 and 45. 17. Parallels Weidner l. 100. 18. Parallels Weidner l. 101.

rev. col. iii large blank space, in which is written horizontally dšamaš-ba-˹ni˺ 1 {indent}an 2 an-tum 3 den-líl 4 dnin-líl 5 dsuen 6 dnin-gal

Remarks rev. col. iii This section parallels the unpublished and unprovenanced OB God List Lambert Folio 7344-47, ll. 1–6 (reference courtesy of Andrew George). 1. Parallels NGL l. 1; Weidner l. 1. 2. Parallels NGL l. 2; Weidner l. 2. 3. Parallels NGL l. 4; Weidner l. 3. 4. Parallels NGL l. 6; Weidner l. 4. 5. Parallels NGL l. 18; Weidner l. 11. 6. Parallels NGL l. 20; Weidner l. 12.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

rev. col. iv (=RIGHT) DIŠ gu DIŠ ga DIŠ gi DIŠ gu-ga-gi DIŠ ú DIŠ a DIŠ i

8 9

DIŠ ú-a-i DIŠ ud double line ruling 10 {indent} an 11 an-tum 12 an 13 Blank 14 Blank 15 Blank 16 Blank 17 Blank 18 Blank 19 Blank

Remarks rev. col. iv

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Parallels TuTaTi l. 57. Parallels TuTaTi l. 58. Parallels TuTaTi l. 59. Parallels TuTaTi l. 60. Parallels TuTaTi l. 45. Parallels TuTaTi l. 46. Parallels TuTaTi l. 47. Parallels TuTaTi l. 48. Parallels TuTaTi l. 105.

578. CUNES 50-02-070 Measurements: 103×77×21 Contents: god list Obverse col. i 1 dnin-hur-saĝ-ĝá 2 dx-ĝešsaĝ-du 3 dnin-MI 4 dlu[gal . . .]-˹x˺ 5 dnin-[ . . . ] 6 dnin-ĝeš-[zi?-da?] 7 dda-mu 8 dkur-ì-pàd 9 AN 10 AN 11 [ . . . ] 12 [ . . . ] 13 [ . . . ] 14 AN 15 AN 16 AN

God Lists

col. ii Sixteen lines beginning with diĝir but otherwise blank bottom edge: ur-dèš-kur Reverse Blank except for two seemingly meaningless signs in the upper left-hand corner of

211

the tablet when rotated 90 degrees to the left.

Remarks 1. Parallels NGL l. 8 (written without -ĝá);Weidner l. 221. 6. If the restoration is correct this would parallel NGL l. 89 and Weidner l. 144. 7. Parallels Weidner l. 157.

18 PROVERBS Paralleled Proverbs

Remarks

Type IV

2, 4. This corresponds to the first part of SP.3.60 and SP.7.80, which reads in full as follows: agrig šu dim4-ma sa-dúr kalag-ga-me-en, “I am a loyal steward who has a strong bottom.”

579. CUNES 50-02-048 (See Plate 24) Measurements: 88×87×21 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 ˹an˺ ugamu[šen] 2 [ki] dnin-ka6-àm 3 [ti]r-ra sa-gaz 4 [ed]en-na ur-ra Reverse Erased with doodling

Measurements: 74×78×22 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 [K]A KA KA 2 te-en-te-en Reverse Blank

Translation

Remarks

These lines may refer to SP 3.8 l. 18, which reads kìri te-en-te-en sahar nu-gi4-a, “to sneeze without covering it with dust.”

1 2 3 4

A raven in the sky, A mongoose on the earth, A bandit in the forest, A lion in the steppe.

581. CUNES 48-09-181

582. CUNES 52-18-187

Remarks This proverb corresponds to SP 1.128, SP 22 v 7–10, SP 23 9, UET 6/2 210. However, with the addition of l. 3 this proverb deviates from the Nippur and Ur tradition. 580. CUNES 52-18-176 Measurements: 77×70×31 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 munus kug-zu 2 agrig šu dim4-ma 3 munus kug-zu 4 [IGI].DUB šu dim4-ma Reverse Blank

Measurements: 93×92×309 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 ˹gud naĝa˺ dúb-ba-šè ˹ 2 ur- gi7-re˺ ˹ 3 ka- bi al˺-[du8-d]u8-˹e˺ Reverse 1 gud naĝa dúb-ba-˹šè˺ ˹ 2 ur- gi7˺-re 3 ka-bi al-du8-du8-˹e˺

Translation 1 At the ox rubbed with soap 2 the dog 3 barks.

Translation

Remarks

1 2

Parallels SP 5.14. For possible interpretations, see Alster 1997, 400.

A wise woman (has) a prudent steward.

212

Proverbs

213

Unparalleled

Remarks

Type IV

The tablet has no line rulings except before the first line and after the last. For a partial parallel, see UM 29-16-519 (Alster 1997, 300–301): ha-la l[ú] (?) ˹x x ˺ šeš ˹im ?˺-d a ?-g íd-i níĝ-[ gig d] nin-u rta-k am, “. . . the chasing away of a son from the house of his father is an abomination to Ninurta.”

583. CUNES 48-07-122 Measurements: 77×80×26 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 lú-lul SU níĝ-lul a-ab-ráh?-a-aš 2 mušen im-gin7 á šeĝx-šè nu-ub-gi-ne Reverse Blank

Translation 1 2

Because the liar beats? the . . . in regards to falsehood, a weather vane does not stand firm against the strength of the rain.

585. CUNES 48-09-184 Measurements: 88×90×26 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 [níĝ] du11-ga-zu 2 [(x?)]-˹x-gu˺ im-ĝar 3 [in]im diĝir kù-ga-ta Reverse 1 níĝ du11-ga-zu 2 [(x?-)x]-˹gu˺ im-ĝar 3 [in]im diĝir kù-ga-ta

Remarks

Translation

2. For the equation mušen im = iṣṣūr šāri cf. CAD I/J p. 209a, with reservations, since the equation is attested otherwise only in SB.

1 2 3

584. CUNES 48-07-126 Measurements: 70×69×22 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 ĝeštukul šu ba-e-ti 2 saĝ lú ù-sá 3 dam-gàr ˹x x˺ tìl-le hé- ~zid 4 igi x bala ha-la šeš ˹x x (x?)˺ 5 níĝ-gig dnin-urta-kam Reverse Doodling

Translation

1 2 3 4 5

The weapon was received. The head of the sleeping man . . . . . . These are abominations of Ninurta.

The matter you discussed, it is established . . . On account of the command of the bright god.

Remarks The only parallel known to us is text 586. Based on this parallel, we assume the sense of l. 2 is that the matter has been addressed.We tentatively categorize these texts as proverbs, which seem to have been influenced by the language of the legal phrasebooks and the model contracts. 586. CUNES 48-10-022 Measurements: 88×90×33 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 níĝ du11-ga-zu ˹ 2 šu- ba˺ im-gur 3 inim diĝir kug-ta Reverse 1 níĝ du11-ga-zu 2 šu-b[a i]m-gur 3 ˹inim diĝir kug˺-ta

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Translation

Remarks

1 2 3

1. For gia-gir5-gir5, see Hh VIII–IX OB Forerunner 136 (MSL 7, 193) and Civil 1987, 44.

The matter you discussed has been handled. On account of the command of the bright god.

Remarks The only parallel known to us is text 585. 587. CUNES 48-09-185 Measurements: 84×82×22 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 ˹dub˺-sar-ne-me lú mu7-m[u7] 2 nar-ne-me lú zid di-da 3 dam-gàr-ne-me lú á!(DA)-ba di-da Reverse 1 ˹dub˺-[sar-ne-me lú] mu7-m[u7] 2 n[ar-ne-me lú] zi di-[da] 3 d[am-gàr-ne-me lú] á!(DA)-[ba] di-da

Translation 1 2 3

They are scribes, men who (pronounce) incantations. They are singers, men who speak the truth. They are merchants, men who speak of their wages.

Remarks This text follows established patterns of proverbs that describe different professions. See, e.g., SP 2.54ff. 588. CUNES 48-10-025 Measurements: 84×86×30 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 gia-gir5-gir5 2 na-an-gu7-e 3 dú-ra ì-ĝál Reverse Blank

Translation 1–2 3

He should not eat young reed sprouts, (otherwise) he will be sick.

589. CUNES 49-08-134 Measurements: 78×79×25 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 níĝ-kúr inim du11-du11 [x x] ~ in-˹tuk?˺ Reverse Blank

Translation 1

The one who speaks with hostility has? [ . . . ].

590. CUNES 50-02-100 Measurements: 88×80×30 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 [en?]-na dsuen ká-la-š[è] 2 [en?-n]a dutu ká-la-[šè] 3 [en?-n]a dba-ba6 ká-l[a-šè] Reverse 1 [en?]-na dsuen ká-la-šè! 2 [en?]-˹na dutu ká-la˺-šè! 3 [en?]-˹na dba-ba6 ká˺-[la]-šè!

Translation 1 2 3

As long as? Suen (arrives?) to the gate, As long as? Utu (arrives?) to the gate, As long as? Baba (arrives?) to the gate.

591. CUNES 50-02-120 Measurements: 81×79×29 Contents: Proverb Obverse ˹ 1 máš- anše˺ 2 ur nu-zu 3 nam-kad5 written below the line: d lugal-TAR-si Reverse 1 máš-anše 2 ur-nu-zu 3 nam-kad5

Proverbs

Translation 1–2 3

The dog that does not recognize livestock should not gather them together.

592. CUNES 50-02-129 Measurements: 90×88×28 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 lib4-lib4-bé 2 ˹ú˺-gu 3 i-ni-dé-dé Reverse 1 lib4-lib4-bé 2 ú-gu 3 ˹i˺-ni-dé-dé

Translation 1–3. The thief runs away.

Remarks For the reading of IGI.IGI as lib4-lib4 and the meaning of ú-gu dé, see Michalowski 2011, 278. 593. CUNES 50-02-135 Measurements: 77×82×31 Contents: Obverse: Proverb Reverse: OB Nippur Lu ll. 196, 200 Obverse 1 lugal AN ĜÁ×X nu-tak4-e Reverse The tablet is oriented 90 degrees to the left. The scribe drew a rectangular box and wrote the exercise in it without line dividers except between ll. 3 and 4. Part of the exercise was subsequently erased. 1 PA.PA ˹ĝá˺ 2 ˹pa?-pa?-al?˺ 3 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 4 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 5 [ . . . ] ˹x˺

Translation 1

The king does not . . .

Remarks We classify the obverse as a proverb because of the presence of the list of human beings on the reverse,

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thus following the curricular order reconstructed from Nippur manuscripts. Reverse 1. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 196. 2. If the reading is correct this would parallel OB Nippur Lu l. 200. 594. CUNES 50-04-178 Measurements: 98×102×28 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 [ĝeš]má ha-ba-su-su 2 [x] ha-ba-íl 3 [x]-ki/di-me-en ba-an-tùm- 4 níĝ lú!-huĝ-ĝá Reverse 1 ĝešmá h[a-ba-su]-su 2 ˹x˺ ha-[ba]-íl 3 [x-ki/di-me-en ba-an]-˹tùm-˺ 4 [níĝ lú!-huĝ-ĝá]

Translation

1 2 3 4

The boat was sinking, The . . . was lifted, The . . . was brought. These are matters of the hired man.

Remarks The text is enclosed in a case, and there are no rulings between lines. 1. This line occurs in SP 1.88 and 7.21. 595. CUNES 51-02-036 Measurements: 68×67×27 Contents: Obverse: Proverb Reverse: Sign Exercise Obverse 1 lú umuš tuku-me-en 2 ˹dím˺-ma-zu me-a 3 Blank 4 Blank Reverse 1 diš LUGAL? 2 diš IB 3 diš TAB 4 diš Ú?

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Translation1

Translation

1

1, 3 2, 4

2

You are supposed to be a person of intelligence, so where is your common sense?

Remarks The layout of the obverse is very similar to text 703. We classify the obverse as a proverb because of the presence of a(n advanced) sign list on the reverse. 2. For this expression, albeit used in a different context, see Enmerkar and Ensuhgirana Seg.A, l. 250: “Sorcerer, you do have magical powers, but where is your sense?” Reverse The reverse is enclosed in a case. The layout is the same as text 710. 596. CUNES 51-02-037 Measurements: 66×65×27 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 níĝ-ki ˹x-x˺ [x] 2 nam-tar-ra KA-ni 3 Blank Reverse Erased

Translation 1 2

. . . fate . . .

597. CUNES 51-02-038 Measurements: 71×75×26 Contents: Obverse: Proverb Reverse: Math Obverse 1 nu-luh munus-e-ne 2 ga-na ki-ta-zu 3 nu-luh munus-e-ne 4 ga-na ki-ta-zu 5 BLANK Reverse Math exercise 1 We wish to thank one of our anonymous reviewers for this translation.

. . . women, come on from your place!

Remarks We classify the obverse as a proverb because of the presence of a mathematical exercise on the reverse. 598. CUNES 51-04-040 Measurements: 68×70×20 Contents: Obverse: Proverb; Reverse: god list Obverse 1 ha-lam níĝ-bal ˹x x x x˺ 2 ní-tuku nu-mu-un-dug4? 3 Blank Reverse 1 dšu-bu-zi 2 ddumu-zi 3 dama-ak!

Translation 1 2

Destruction and upheaval ˹occurred˺ (because) he did not speak? piously.

Remarks We classify the obverse as a proverb because of the warning it imparts and the presence of the god list on the reverse, thus following the curricular order reconstructed from Nippur manuscripts. Reverse 2. Parallels OB NGL l. 52; Weidner l. 20. 599. CUNES 52-07-070 Measurements: 75×73×26 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 ĝešbala nu-mu-˹da˺- ~NU-NU Reverse Blank

Translation 1

She cannot spin with a spindle.

Proverbs

Remarks ĝeš

1. For bala NU, see Enki and the World Order l. 443 and the Instructions of Šuruppak l. 65. 600. CUNES 52-08-080 Measurements: 58×58×20 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 nu-èš hé-em-taka4 šita 2 dnin-líl-lá-ka 3 hé-a Reverse Blank

Translation 1–3

May he set aside the nu-eš priest, may there be a šita priest of Ninlil.

601. CUNES 52-18-174 Measurements: 80×75*×30 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 gi húb-ni-ta 2 nu-ub-kal-la Reverse 1 ˹gi˺ [húb-ni-ta] 2 ˹nu-ub˺-[kal-la]

Translation 1 2

Reeds that have been trodden have no value.

Remarks 1. For a similar expression, see also George and Spada 2019, 78.2 602. CUNES 52-18-183 Measurements: 82×82×26 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 ANŠEú te-nu-um 2 áškud-bi sud-r i written under the line: a-na a-˹áš?˺-ku-ut-ti-šu ˹i-x˺-ga-hi? 2 Thank you to one of our anonymous reviewers for pointing out this reference.

217

Reverse 1 ANŠEú te-nu-um 2 áškud!(DA.MÙŠ)-bi sud-r i

Translation 1 2

The replacement donkey, its extremities are long.

Remarks 1. Perhaps to be read as imērum tēnûm, “the replacement donkey.” The Akkadian may be a literal translation of l. 2. However, we do not understand the verbal form(?) ˹ i-x˺-ga-hi? (Veldhuis and Carnahan, personal communication, 2020), which does not correspond to the Sumerian sud. It is also worth mentioning that although aškuttu is a Sumerian loanword in Akkadian from áškud, its meaning in Akkadian is different, as it designates either an object to bar a door or a section of a field or house (CAD A/II pp. 444–445). 603. CUNES 53-01-208 Measurements: 80×82×27 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 bàd diĝir-ra gub-b[a] Reverse Blank

Translation 1

The wall of a god was standing.

Remarks Based on the simple nature of this statement, we tentatively classify it as a proverb.

Type II? 604. CUNES 48-10-1383 Measurements: Contents: Proverbs 3 We wish to thank Prof. Niek Veldhuis for aiding us in the identification and understanding of this text and for providing a preliminary transliteration and translation. All mistakes are of course our own.

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Obverse col. i 1 [1 . . .] si4 2 [2 . . .] x x x-ra 3 [3]-àm iti nig máh 4 [4]-àm DAG.KIŠIM×GA áb-àm 5 [5] šu-si lú-kam 6 6-àm ĝisal úr ĝeš ˹x˺ 7 7 mul an-na gub-ba 8 8 šu-si ĝešbalaĝ 9 9 níĝ4 ug5-ga 10 [10]-àm iti lú-kam 11 11-àm iti eme7 12 12-àm iti mu 13 [13]-àm iti ˹x-x˺-na 14 [14]-àm iti ĝeš [x (x)] 15 [15 A.]AN dnanna kar za-gìn-na-šè ~ íb-te col. ii Erased Reverse Erased with minimal doodling

Translation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

[One is the . . .] [Two is the . . .] [Three] are the (gestation) months of a mature bitch. [Four] are the udders of a cow. [Five] are the fingers of a person Six are the oars of . . . Seven are the stars stationed in the sky. Eight are the fingers for the drum. Nine are the things of the dead. Ten are the (gestation) months of a woman. Eleven are the (gestation) months of a female donkey. Twelve are the months of the year. [Thirteen] are the months of . . . [Fourteen] are the months of . . . Nanna approaches the ‘shining Quay’ on (day) 15.

4 Veldhuis (personal communication, 2020) suggests ninda is also possible.

Commentary 3. nig máh is otherwise unattested. 4. The reading of the DAG.KIŠIM×GA as akan (Akk: ṣirtu) or ubur (Akk: tulû) is unclear in the present context. The only clear reading akan is from two of manuscripts for SEpM 20 l. 5, which give the gloss a-ka-an. Otherwise the preference in many modern editions of Sumerian literature is to read ubur, but this seems to be based only on the fact that tulû is more common in Akkadian. While the book was in its final publication stage, Niek Veldhuis (personal communication, May 2021) alerted us of the existence of a possible parallel to this text for which see Alster 2005, 245 and Cavigneaux 2009.

Paralleled Wide-Ruled Imgida (Type III) 605. CUNES 48-10-146 Measurements: 74*×60×23* Contents: Sumerian Proverbs (SP3.190, SP8.B34) Obverse Lost Bottom Edge ud al-e Reverse 1 è-e nam al-tar-re 2 igi-zu diĝir-˹zu-gin7˺ hé-ĝál{over erasure} double ruling 3 diĝir-ĝu10 dugud-da 4 lú-ùlu ì-de6 single ruling 5 si sá un-tar NE.RU íb!-˹il-e˺ single ruling 6 ka5-a ĝešillar-e mu-un-níĝin-níĝin 7 kaš-dé-a níĝ du10-ge 8 a-ba-ab sum-me-en-e-[šè] double ruling

Translation 1 2 3–4 5

Rising up, he decrees fate. Let your eye be like your god. My god brought that which is important to mankind. When righteousness is cut out, injustice rises.

Proverbs

6 7–8

A fox walked around a throw stick. Who will give a banquet as good as (this) thing.

Remarks 5. Parallels SP3.190. 6–8. Parallels SP8.B34.

Landscape Type III

219

608. CUNES 53-01-176 Measurements: 80×78×28 Contents: Proverb Obverse 1 lú saĝ kár-gin7 2 uzu ti bala ba-an-ke4- ~eš 3 u[zu-š]ah šum-ma 4 uzu-šah nu-gu7-a 5 nam-ra ba-na-e-šúm Reverse Erased

606. CUNES 48-11-106 Measurements: 39×59×21 Contents: Proverb Obverse ˹ en˺ gú lúgud-da 1 ne- 2 ĝìri-kud-kud 3 {erased?} Reverse Blank

Translation

Remarks

1 2

1. To our knowledge the nominal chain lú saĝ kár is otherwise unattested, and a literal interpretation such as “scorned attendant” does not fit the context. The reading kár for ĝar is also possible, as in, for instance, Inana and Enki F 13 and Rim-Suen G 47.5 In a manuscript of OB Nippur Lu-azlag B-C (MSL 12, 030 H′, 175 K [P228066]), lú saĝ ĝar-ra is equated to Akkadian ṭa-wu-ú-um, which CAD D translates as “arrogant” and for which ORACC (oracc.museum.upenn.edu) suggests “convulsive one?” 2. For -ke4-eš as a hamtu, finite form in OB literature, see Attinger 2005, 57.

This one (has) a short neck; (he is) a cripple.

607. CUNES 50-02-152 Measurements: 62×99×29 Contents: Proverb? Obverse 1 diri-šè diĝir-re-e-n[e] Reverse Blank

Translation 1. Toward the deified city, the gods.

Translation 1 2 3 4 5

Like a . . . They transported the processed? meat. The pig meat that was slaughtered The pig meat that was not eaten You gave it to him (as) booty.

Remarks The line preserved on this text is written in the center of the tablet.

5 We wish to thank one of our anonymous reviewers for these references.

19 MO DEL CO N TRACTS Type I 609. CUNES 52-02-045 Measurements: 79*×74*×25 Contents: Model Contract **To be published by G. Spada

Prisms 610. CUNES 52-08-065 Measurements: 48*×87*×19* Contents: Model Contract **To be published by G. Spada 611. CUNES 52-10-147+149+150 Measurements: not available

Contents: Model Contract **To be published by G. Spada 612. CUNES 52-10-148 Measurements: not available Contents: Model Contract **To be published by G. Spada 613. CUNES 52-10-155 Measurements: not available Contents: Model Contract **To be published by G. Spada 614. CUNES 52-10-156 Measurements: 100*×104×54 Contents: Model Contract **Too poorly preserved for publication

220

20 LI TERATURE Type IV

Translation

Enlil-bani A (Type IV)

May (the scribe) not allow your praise to cease!

615. CUNES 48-09-177 Measurements: 75×75×20 Contents: Enlil-bani A ll. 51–52 Obverse 1 nam-igi-ĝál 2 saĝ-eš mu-un-PA.HÚB. ~DU-ga Reverse 1 nam-igi-ĝál 2 sag-eš mu-un-PA.HÚB. ~DU-ga

Lipit-Eštar B (Type IV) 618. CUNES 50-04-180 Measurements: 91×86×27 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B l. 2 Obverse 1 [hé-d]u7 ĝešisimu3mú 2 [nam-luga]l-la 3 Blank Reverse 1 hé-du7 ĝešisimu3mú 2 nam-[lugal]-la

Translation 1–2

Translation

She (Nisaba) bestowed insight upon you.

1–2

616. CUNES 52-18-186 Measurements: 73×74×29 Contents: Enlil-bani A ll. 131, 130 Obverse 1 zar-gin7 mu-[ra]-a[n-sal?] 2 du6!(ZAR)-gin7 mu-ra-an-du8 3 [zar]-gin7 ˹mu-ra-an˺-[sal?] 4 du6!-gin7 mu-r[a-an-du8] Reverse Blank

619. CUNES 50-04-163 Measurements: 87×92×23 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B ll. 2–3 Obverse ˹ 1 [nam]- lugal˺-[la] 2 dutu-[gin7] ˹du-ta?˺ 3 še-er-z[id] ˹kalam-ma˺ Reverse 1 [nam]-˹lugal-la˺ 2 dutu-gin7 ˹du-ta?˺ 3 še-er-zid [kalam-ma]

Translation 1 2

Ornament, offshoot of kingship.

They are as thin for you as a sheaf, They are as spread out for you as a heap.

Translation 1 2 3

617. CUNES 50-04-170 Measurements: 70×62×24 Contents: Enlil-bani A ll. 182–184 Obverse 1 [z]à-mí-zu 2 ĝá-la nam-ba-an-da[g(-ge?)] 3 zà-mí-z[u] 4 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ [ . . . ] Reverse Blank

(offshoot) of kingship, who walks like Utu, radiance of the land.

620. CUNES 50-04-167 Measurements: 77×80×20 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B l. 6 Obverse 1 še-ga den-líl-lá 2 [dn]in-líl-l[á ki] {erasure} áĝ

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Reverse 1 š[e-ga den]-líl-lá 2 d[nin-líl-lá ki] áĝ

Translation 1 2

Favored by Enlil, Beloved of Ninlil. 621. CUNES 49-14-058

Measurements: 89×86×33 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B l. 11 Obverse 1 ĝissu ˹dùg-ga˺ 2 ùĝ-e ní dúb-bu Reverse Blank

Translation 1 2

In pleasant shade the people are relaxing.

Measurements: 93×93×22 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B l. 33 Obverse 1 d˹li-pí-it˺-eš4-tár 2 ˹lú˺-érim-ra 3 guru5-ru-uš 4 mu-un-ta-ab-e11-dè- ~en Reverse 1 [d]li-pí-it-[eš4-tár] 2 lú-erim2-ra 3 guru5-ru-uš 4 mu-un-ta-ab-e11-˹dè˺-

Translation 1 2–4

Lipit-Eštar, you rage against the enemy.

Remarks See text 622 above.

Remarks The composite line reads, ùĝ lah5-lah5-e ĝissu dùg-ga ud IŠ?-e ní dúb-bu, although the manuscript tradition is not well preserved (Vanstiphout 1978, 40). Our text points to the fact that the eclectic line is ùĝ-e and not ud IŠ?-e. 622. CUNES 48-10-021 Measurements: 87×89×27 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B l. 33 Obverse 1 [d]li-pí-it-eš4-tár 2 lú-érim-[ra] 3 guru5-u[š . . .] ˹x x˺ [ . . . ] Reverse Destroyed

Translation 1 2–3

623. CUNES 50-09-035

Lipit-Eštar, [you rage] against the enemy.

Remarks For the translation of this line, we follow Vanstiphout 1978, 48.

624. CUNES 47-11-005 Measurements: 77×77×24 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B l. 42 Obverse 1 dli-pí-it-eš4-tár 2 saĝ ús-bi za-e-me-en Reverse 1 dli-[pí-it-eš4-tár] 2 saĝ ús-bi za-e-[me-en]

Remarks 1–2. Lipit-Eštar, you are its (the Ekur’s) constant attendant. 625. CUNES 52-02-040 Measurements: 77×76×25 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B l. 42 Obverse 1 dli-pí-it-eš4-tár 2 saĝ ˹ús˺-bi za-e-me-en Reverse 1 dli-pí-it-eš4-tár 2 saĝ ús-bi za-e-me-en

Literature

Translation 1–2

Lipit-Eštar, you are its (the Ekur’s) constant attendant.

626. CUNES 53-01-211 Measurements: 65×62×22 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B l. 43 Obverse 1 den-líl dnin-líl-ra Reverse Blank

Translation 1

For Enlil and Ninlil.

627. CUNES 49-08-133 Measurements: 75×73×28 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B l. 45? Obverse 1 [ . . . ] ˹sukkal-mah˺ 2 ˹á-tah gù dé˺ Reverse 1 d˹x-x sukkal-mah˺ 2 [á]-tah ˹gù˺ d[é]

Translation 1 2

. . . the vizier, the helper, the one who speaks out.

Remarks 1. The traces of the signs do not correspond to the writing of Nuska as in Lipit-Eštar B l. 45. 2.The composite has inim-ma-zu-um in lieu of gù dé. 628. CUNES 48-10-026 Measurements: 82×83×22 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B l. 51 Obverse 1 i-lu šà-g[a] 2 mu bala sa6-ga Reverse 1 i-lu ˹šà˺-ga 2 mu ˹bala˺ sa6-ga

Translation 1 2

Among joyful songs of the heart, in an auspicious regnal year.

223

629. CUNES 50-04-156 Measurements: 70×70×26 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B l. 55 = Iddin-Dagan B l. 73 Obverse 1 inim du11-ga 2 an den-líl-lá-ta Reverse 1 inim du11-ga 2 an den-líl-lá-ta

Remarks 1–2. On An and Enlil’s orders. 630. CUNES 49-13-166 Measurements: 83×83×25 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B ll. 57–58 Obverse 1 dli-pí-it-eš4-tár 2 dumu den-líl-lá-me-en 3 ˹níĝ-gi˺-[na-zu ka-ga14] ˹in˺-ĝar Reverse Blank

Translation 1 2 3

Lipit-Eštar, son of Enlil, you made [every mouth] speak [of your] righteousness.

631. CUNES 49-11-076 Measurements: 76×76×22 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B ll. 62–63 Obverse 1 šul dumu den-[líl-lá] 2 dli-pí-it-eš4-tár 3 zà mí Reverse Blank

Translation 1 2 3

Hero, son of Enlil, Lipit-Eštar be praised.

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632. CUNES 53-02-131 Measurements: 82×82×31 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B ll. 62–63 Obverse 1 ˹d˺en-líl-lá 2 d[l]i-pí-it-eš4-tár 3 zà-mí Reverse 1 d[en]-líl-lá 2 [dli]-pí-it-eš4-tár 3 ˹zà˺-mí

Translation 1 2 3

Hero, son of Enlil, Lipit-Eštar be praised.

Remarks The reverse is rotated 90 degrees to the left. The text was impressed after the clay had already started to dry. Nisaba A (Type IV) 633. CUNES 49-08-037 Measurements: 74×73×35 Contents: Nisaba A ll. 26–27 Obverse 1 im-ma-huĝ-ĝá 2 ˹ki-sikil˺ dnisaba Reverse Blank

Reverse 1 é géštug dnisaba-ke4 2 ĝál im-mi-in-tak4

Translation 1–2

He opened Nisaba’s house of wisdom.

635. CUNES 50-02-130 Measurements: 90×87×24 Contents: Nisaba A l. 36 Obverse 1 abzu men gal 2 ˹eriduki˺ me hal-hal-la Reverse Lost

Translation 1 2

In the abzu, the great crown of Eridu, where the cultic ordinances are apportioned.

Remarks 2. me is a variant for èš, “sanctuary.” 636. CUNES 52-18-178 Measurements: 73*×73*×28 Contents: Nisaba A l. 48 Obverse 1 [šita] ˹ĝeš˺ĝešnimbar 2 [š]u du8-a-ni Reverse 1 [šita ĝešĝešnimbar] 2 [šu] du8-[a-ni]

Translation

Translation

1

1–2

2

She will appoint (a great priest for the land). (He approaches) the young woman Nisaba (in supplication). 634. CUNES 50-02-119

Measurements: 87×87×26 Contents: Nisaba A l. 29 Obverse 1 é géštug dnisaba-ke4 2 ĝál im-mi-in-tak4

When he grasps the date-palm mace.

637. CUNES 48-07-123 Measurements: 77×79×26 Contents: Nisaba A, l. 51 Obverse 1 dnisaba munus zid 2 munus sa6-ga 3 munus kur-re tu-ud-da Reverse Blank

Literature

225

Translation

Translation

1 2 3

1–2

Nisaba, righteous woman, fair woman, woman born in the mountains.

Iddin-Dagan B (Type IV) 638. CUNES 52-10-167 Measurements: 82×80×27 Contents: Iddin-Dagan B ll. 7–8 Obverse 1 ˹ús˺-saĝ 2 ˹ki˺-en-gi-ra 3 [gen6-n]é-dè 4 [ùĝ] ús-sa!-a sì-g[e] Reverse Blank

Translation 1–3 4

In order to [keep firm] the (cosmic) bond of Sumer, in order to keep [the people] on the right path.

639. CUNES 49-13-161 Measurements: 67×69×24 Contents: Iddin-Dagan B l. 17 Obverse 1 kur-kur-re 2 me-téš hé-i-i Reverse Blank

Translation 1–2

May all the foreign lands praise you.

640. CUNES 49-14-060 Measurements: 83×78×25 Contents: Iddin-Dagan B l. 56 Obverse 1 kur-kur ú-sal-la 2 mu-r i-ná Reverse 1 kur-kur ú-sal-la 2 mu-r i-ná

All the foreign lands lay down in pastures because of you.

641. CUNES 49-12-065 Measurements: 68×63×24 Contents: Iddin-Dagan hymn, maybe B Obverse 1 i-din-dda-ga[n] 2 iri-me gam-gam 3 [i]-din-dda-ga[n] 4 [luga]l kala-ga Reverse Lost

Translation 1 2 3 4

Iddin-Dagan, (the one who makes) our cities bow down, Iddin-Dagan, mighty king.

Remarks Lines 3–4 parallel Iddin-Dagan B l. 75. Lines 1–2 are otherwise unattested. Correspondence of the Kings of Ur (Type IV) 642. CUNES 51-10-088 Measurements: 64×63×23 Contents: Obverse: Šulgi to Aradmu 3 l. 19; Reverse: Math Obverse 1 ki-saĝ-ĝál!-la! igi-zu-[šè] 2 ĝešgu-za hé-en-˹dúr˺-[(x?)] 3 Blank Reverse Math

Translation 1–2

So you should [install him] in a stronghold before you as if on a throne.

Remarks For this line, see Michalowski 2013, 326–29.

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Unparalleled (Type IV) 643. CUNES 48-04-087 Measurements: 90×85×26 Contents: Literary Obverse 1 [igi-ba šà hú]l-la-ka-n[i] ˹ na-ni˺-in-sar-re 2 [mu]- 3 igi-ba šà húl-la-ka-[ni] 4 mu-na-ni-in-sar-˹re˺ Reverse Blank

Translation 1 2

Before their eyes, which delight him, he writes for him there.

Remarks We ascribe this text to literature based on parallels such as Šulgi B l. 15 and Išme-Dagan A+V l. 364. The passage seems to refer to a ruler celebrating his ability to write before the god(s). 1. For the expression šà húl-la-ka-ni, see Ningišzida’s Journey 77 and Iddin-Dagan A 209. 644. CUNES 48-11-092 Measurements: 77×81×28 Contents: Literary Obverse 1 lugal kur dúb 2 lugal dutu-gin7 ~ ˹x˺-è-da 3 [u]ĝ-e u6(IGI.É!) hé-i-i Reverse Blank

Translation 1 2 3

The king, who makes the foreign lands tremble (in fear), the king, who comes forth like Utu, may people admire (him).

Remarks 1. For a possible parallel, see N 7738, a fragment of the end of a tigi composition, where this may be an epithet of Ninurta (Peterson, personal communication, 2017).

3. We understand the verb as a hapax based on the attested verbs me-teš i-i, “to praise,” conflated with u6 dug4, “to admire.” É! is a better KISAL, but see Mittermayer no. 236 variant from TplHy 328 Ur2. 645. CUNES 49-03-038 Measurements: 78×74×26 Contents: Literary? Obverse 1 lugal? im-[x]-BU 2 kur dúb-dúb-bu Reverse Blank

Translation 1 2

The king? . . . The one who makes the foreign lands tremble.

646. CUNES 49-13-158 Measurements: 70×78×22 Contents: Literary Obverse 1 [x] gu gilim-a-na ˹igi x˺-[x?] 2 ˹DA?˺ RU-˹x˺ Reverse Blank

Translation 1 2

. . . his intertwined cord . . . . . .

Remarks With much hesitation, we assign this text to literature because the expression gu gilim-ma occurs in Enlil A l. 133. 647. CUNES 50-04-157 Measurements: 54×74×30 Contents: Literary Obverse 1 [x] den-líl-lá 2 [bí]-in-da-dug4 Reverse Blank

Literature

Translation 1 Enlil’s [ . . . ] 2 spoke.

Remarks We tentatively ascribe this text to literature, because Enlil typically speaks in literary texts, whereas he is only invoked in proverbs. 648. CUNES 50-04-175 Measurements: 74×78×23 Contents: Literary Obverse 1 saĝ!(KA)-tuk á-tuk 2 ba-an-sum Reverse 1 saĝ!(KA)-tuk á-tuk 2 ba-an-sum

Translation 1–2

He was given the foremost and able-bodied.

649. CUNES 51-02-034 Measurements: 91×91×28 Contents: Obverse: Literary Reverse: undetermined Obverse 1 ud-bi-a ˹kur˺-kur níĝ-daĝal-la 2 mi-ni-í[b]-íl-e-a 3 ud-bi-a kur-kur níĝ-daĝal-la 4 mi-[ni-íb í]l-e-a Reverse 1 ˹DIŠ x˺ [ . . . ] 2 [ . . . ] 3 DIŠ [ . . . ] 4 DIŠ [ . . . ] 5 DIŠ ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 6 [ . . . ]

Translation 1–2

At that time, he lifted (his eyes) over the extent of the foreign lands.

Remarks The text on the reverse is enclosed in a box with no line rulings.

227

650. CUNES 51-09-133 Measurements: 77×77×19 Contents: Literary Obverse 1 lugal iriki kúr-[šè?] 2 DU-DU nu-ù-du11-˹ga?˺ Reverse Blank

Translation 1–2

The king, while traveling to a foreign city, did not speak.

Remarks 1. For this restoration, see the Sumer and Ur Lament l. 448 and the Nippur Lament l. 291A. 651. CUNES 52-03-028 Measurements: 82×71×25 Contents: Literary Obverse 1 [nam til-la ud su13-da] re 2 nam-m[a-bi íb]-na-tar Reverse 1 ˹nam˺ til-la ud su13-da re 2 [(x? or indent)] nam-ma-bi íb!-na-tar

Translation 1 2

When destinies were completed in those distant days, when the fates had been determined for him.

Remarks For a partial parallel to these lines, see Enki’s Journey to Nippur l. 1 and Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta l. 1, which read ud re-a nam-ba-tar-ra-ba, “in those remote days when the fates were determined.” 652. CUNES 52-18-170 Measurements: 73×76×31 Contents: Literary Obverse 1 ˹d˺nu-dím-mud 2 [diĝir] saĝ-du-za 3 [d]nu-dím-mud 4 diĝir saĝ-du-za

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Reverse Blank

Translation 1 Nudimmud, 2 your principal deity.

Remarks These lines are reminiscent of Išme-Dagan A l. 46, which reads den-líl diĝir saĝ-du-ĝá. 653. CUNES 52-18-173 Measurements: 78×82×27 Contents: Literary Obverse 1 šà-zu zid du10-ga-gin7 2 nam-lú-˹ùlu hé-zu-zu˺ Reverse 1 ˹šà-zu zid˺ [du10-ga-gin7] ˹ 2 nam- lú-ùlu hé-zu-zu˺

Translation 1 2

Your heart is like a righteous and good (thing), mankind shall learn of it.

Remarks 1. For the syntax compare Inana B l. 82: er-ĝá kaš dùg-ga-gin7, “my tears like sweet beer.” 654. CUNES 52-20-334 Measurements: 70×77×33 Contents: Literary Obverse 1 [ala]n du10-ga-ni-šè 2 ˹gal˺-bi bí-in-ím-me-en 3 alan du10-ga!-ni-šè! 4 gal-bi bí-in-í[m]-˹me-en˺ Reverse Blank

Obverse 1 ĝe26-e udu hi-a udu den-líl-l[a] 2 gu7-dè mu-ra-an-ĝar 3 Blank 4 Blank Reverse Blank

Translation 1–2

I established various sheep, the sheep of Enlil, for eating.

Wide-Ruled Type III 656. CUNES 50-02-000 Measurements: 72×71×33 Contents: Literary Obverse 1 ur-saĝ giggi nir-ĝál an ki 2 en dnin-ĝeš-zi-da mu ~ {indent} diĝir 4-šè 3 mu-zu an ki-a igi ri-ĝál 4 en dnin-ĝeš-zi-da ~ sipad-zu kur iri lah4-šè 5 sipad-zu kur-kur-re igi ri-ĝá[l] ~ ˹ur˺-saĝ an-na zi ˹x x˺ Reverse Blank

Translation 1 2 3 4 5

Hero of the black-headed people, authoritative one of heaven and earth, lord Ninĝešzida, because of the four gods, your name is looked upon in heaven and earth. Lord Ninĝešzida, on account of your shepherd pillaging the foreign land and city, the foreign lands look upon your shepherd, the hero . . . of An.

Translation

Remarks

1–2. I ran impressively toward his beautiful statue.

1. To our knowledge the epithet ur-saĝ ĝi6 is unattested. Perhaps ur-saĝ saĝ-ĝi6-ga was intended. 3. For a similar idea, see, for example, Šulpa’e A l. 17. 4. Compare the expression repeated multiple times in Ninurta G, e.g., l. 21: kur gul-gul iri lah4.

655. CUNES 53-02-040 Measurements: 75×76×27 Contents: Literary

Literature

657. CUNES 49-14-061 Measurements: 147×96×24 Contents: Hymn to Utu? **To be published by A. Gadotti and A. Kleinerman 658. CUNES 48-06-383 Measurements: 84×72×26 Contents: Nin-abul Text (bilingual) **Published by A. Gadotti and A. Kleinerman (2015)

Landscape Type III Tetrad 659. CUNES 53-02-038 Measurements: 74×71×22 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B ll. 62–63 Obverse 1 sipa gú tuku 2 šul dumu den-líl-˹lá˺ 3 d˹li-pí˺-it-eš-tár [zà-mí] Reverse 1 [sipa gú] tuku 2 šul dumu ˹den˺-líl-[lá] 3 dli-pí-it-eš-tár zà-mí

Translation 1 2 3

Perfect shepherd, youthful son of Enlil, Lipit-Eštar be praised.

Decad (Landscape Type III) 660. CUNES 50-02-064 Measurements: 100×92×31 Contents: Šulgi A ll. 64–82 Obverse 1 [nim] ˹ĝír-ĝír˺ tum9 [ . . . ] téš h[é- . . .] 2 ud NE-eš du11-ga ki ˹hé-in-tuku4-tuku4˺-e 3 ˹diškur˺-e an-dùl daĝal-la-ba ˹gù˺ hu-mu-un-ni-d[úb] 4 [x] ˹x˺ an-na-ke4 a ki-ta saĝ hé-em-ma-da-˹ĝál˺-la ˹ 5 [n] a4 tur˺-tur-bi na4 gal-gal-bi 6 murgu- ĝá dub-dab4 hé-em-[x?]-za 7 lugal-me-en ní la-ba-da-te ˹su la˺-ba-da-zìg 8 ud piriĝ bàn-da-gin7! ĝiš-gur5gu-˹uš mu-un˺-búr-b[úr]

229

9 anše! edin-na-gin7 húb!-ĝá {erasure} mu-˹un˺-šú-šú 10 [šag4 l]a-la-ĝá-la DU-e hu-mu-un-ni-gùn-gùn 11 d[ù]rùr dili gin7! im-ma-ĝu10-ne 12 dutu é-a-ni-šè igi ì-ĝá-ĝá-dè 13 kaskal dannana 15-àm šu hu-mu-un-níĝin 14 saĝ-[ur]-saĝ-ĝu10-ne ig[i h] u-mu-un-du8-eš-àm 15 ud ba7-[a?] nibruki uri5ki-ma èš-èš-bi ha-àm 16 ˹šeš˺ gu5-li-ĝu10 šul dutu-àm 17 é-gal an-né ki ĝar-ra-˹am˺ hu-mu-un-di-ni-˹naĝ˺ Bottom Edge: 18 ˹nar-ĝu10˺ tígi 7-àm šìr-re ha-ma-an--eš 19 ˹nitalam˺-[ĝu10 ki-sikil] ˹dinana˺ [nin h]i-li an ˹ ˺ ki -[a] Reverse Blank

Translation 1 = 64. [Lightening] ˹flashing˺ [together with the seven] winds [vied] with each other [in the sky] 2 = 65. Thundering storms made the earth quake 3 = 66. and Iškur roared in the broad shade. 4 = 67. The . . . of heaven attacked the waters of earth. 5 = 68. Small and large hailstones 6 = 69. drummed on my back. 7 = 70. I, the king, was not afraid, I was not terrified. 8 = 71. I rushed forth like a storm, like a fierce lion. 9 = 72. I galloped like a donkey in the desert. 10 = 73. With my heart full of joy I ran. 11 = 74. While I was trotting like a solitary wild donkey 12 = 75. By the time Utu was to set his face toward his house 13 = 76. I traversed a distance of fifteen double hours. 14 = 77. My saĝ-ursaĝ priests looked at me. 15 = 78. There was an ešeš festival in the same half-day in Nippur and Ur.

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16 = 79. My brother, my companion, is the hero Utu. 17 = 80. In the palace that An established, I drank with him. 18 = 81. My singers praised me with songs accompanied by seven tigi-drums. 19 = 82. [My] spouse, the [young woman] Inana, the lady, the joy of heaven and earth.

Remarks 2. ud NE-eš, in lieu of the correct ud te-eš, which may have been confusion from the expression ud-dè-eš-e. 3. The eclectic line has diškur-re an níĝ-daĝal-la-ba, “broad heavens.” 4. The eclectic line reads im an-na-ke4 a ki-ta gú hé-em-ma-da-ab-lá (variant: saĝ sá).The traces of the first sign preserved at the beginning of the line are not im. 7. The verbal chains in our text have la-in lieu of ba-ra-. 8. The scribe adds an additional comparison to a storm to emphasize the fierceness of his response. 9. The scribe wrote ĝá-la in place of ĝál-la and DU presumably as a mistake for kaš4. For the verb kaš4 gùn, see Karahashi 2000, 129–30. 15. The eclectic line has one-day (1-a) in place of half a day (ba7-a) and the verb is hu-ma-ak instead of ha-àm. 17. The scribe omitted kaš, “beer,” before the verbal chain. 661. CUNES 48-06-489 Measurements: 68×72×29 Contents: Lipit-Eštar A ll. 59–72 Obverse 1 ˹ki-ùr˺-šè šu ĝál-ĝál-me-en 2 níĝ de6-de6 suhuš-e hé-du7-me-en 3 ud ul4 dùb nu-kúš-ši-me-en 4 nesaĝ-ĝá tùm é-ì-li nu-dib-bé-me-en 5 nibruki-šè hé-ĝál sar-ra-me-en 6 kèšeš išib-àm ba-gub-me-e[n] 7 urim2ki-šè ì saĝ ga àra-ra saĝ-me-e[n] 8 eridug-iriki-šè ĝá- nu-dag-bi-[me-en] 9 ki unugki-šè nidba gal-[gal-la-me-en] 10 é-kur-ta nam-tìl sum-m[a-me-en] 11 zi-šà-ĝál iri-˹ni-šè˺ al d[i-me-en]

li-pí-it-[eš4-tár si]pad kur-[kur-ra-me-en] lugal mè-šè ku-[kur du7-du7-me-en] da-da-ra šul-[la zú kéše nu-du8-me-en] Reverse Blank but divided into three columns with a lower line ruling.

12 13 14

d

Translation 1 = 59. I am the one who . . . toward the Ki’ur. 2 = 60. Bringing many things, I am perfect for the foundation. 3 = 61. On a bright day my knees never tire. 4 = 62. Bringing offerings, I do not pass by the house of my god. 5 = 63. I am the one who writes the abundance for Nippur. 6 = 64. I serve Keš as a purification priest. 7 = 65. I am top quality oil and cream for Ur. 8 = 66. I am not idle with respect to Eridug. 9 = 67. I am the one who makes the food offering abundant for the place Uruk. 10 = 68. I am the one who was given life from the Ekur. 11 = 69. I am the one who desires liveliness for his city. 12 = 70. I am Lipit-Eštar, the shepherd of all the foreign lands. 13 = 71. I am the king who rushes forward to battle (like) a wave. 14 = 72. Girded in manliness, [I do not loosen my harness].

Remarks 3.The eclectic line has ul4-ul4-la, “always hurrying,” where our text has ud ul4. Perhaps our scribe confused the expression ul4-ul4-la with the common ud ul. 4. This manuscript has é-ì-li in place of é-babbar. 7. This manuscript adds ga-àra-ra. 662. CUNES 48-09-142 Measurements: 54×85×20 Contents: Song of the Hoe ll. 97–109 Obverse 1 ĝešal-àm nam-ĝuruš-ka 2 ĝešal ĝešdusu níĝ iri dù-dú(sic!)-dam 3 é zid al-˹dù-e gána˺ zid al-ĝá-ĝá

Literature

4 [g]án-né zid-dè [šu daĝal-la]-me-˹en˺ 5 [g]án-né lugal-bi [bal]-e 6 [g]án-né lugal-bi [gú] nu-mu-u[n]-ĝá-ĝá 7 ĝešal-e lugal-bi gú mu-na-ab-ĝá-ĝá 8 únúmun šag4 da-nu saĝ-bi dúb-dúb-be7 9 úr-ba mu-un-bu-[r]e pa-bí mu-un-zé-a 10 ĝešal úhirin!(KAL.KI[KAM])in šu-šè al-ĝá-ĝá 11 ĝešal ĝeš ˹nam˺ tar-ra a-a den-[líl]-le 12 ĝešal zà-mí [d]ug4-ga dnisaba z[à-mí] Reverse Blank

Translation 1 = 97. It is the hoe that is of manliness. 2 = 98. The hoe and the basket are the tools for building cities. 3 = 99. It builds the right kind of house, it cultivates the right kind of fields. 4 = 100. It is you [that extends] the good agricultural land. 5 = 101. Any agricultural land that has turned against its owner 6 = 102. and any agricultural land that has not submitted to its owner 7 = 103. the hoe subdues for its owner. 8 = 104. The hoe chops off the head of the alfalfa grass whose core is strong, 9 = 105. it yanks them out at their roots and tears at their stalks. 10 = 106. The hoe subdues the hiring-weeds. 11 = 107. The hoe, the tool whose destiny was established by father Enlil, 12 = 108.The renowned hoe! Nisaba be praised!

Commentary 8.The eclectic line reads: únúmun hul únúmun hul-e saĝ dúb-dúb-bé.

Other Landscape Type III 663. CUNES 48-06-449 Measurements: 57×74×25 Contents: SEpM 3 Obverse 1 mur-illat ra-bi-sí-ka-tum

231

2 ù-na-a-dug4 3 di-din-dda-gan lugal-zu na-a[b]-bé-a 4 kaskal- ĝu10! ní-tuku saĝ gi-a gú ˹x˺ [(x?) x-b] i mu-da-bal-eš 5 ka-[ku]-˹la-tum˺ki-šè gaba-[ri] gi-˹da?˺-za 6 dlamma dda-gan dkab-ta ù ˹d˺e[n-líl] lugal kalam!-˹ma˺ 7 érin-bi gú bi-TAR 8 me-lám-ĝu10 kalam-ma ba-e-dul 9 ù za-e nam-ur-sag nam-˹kala-ga˺ 10 kur-ra til-bi-šè ba-˹te˺ 11 lú-kúr-ra igi-zu-šè la-ba-da-gub-ba 12 érin lú-bi la-ha-za Reverse 1 lú gal-gal-[b]i-e-ne en-nu-ùĝ kala-ga ˹ dab5-x-x˺ 2 a-ga-aš ki-[bi?-šè?] hé-ne-du8? 3 ku4-˹ku4 è-dè˺ kíĝ bar-ra hé-ak-ne 4 lú mu tuku-bi-ne ĝeš érin-ne- ~ ka-ĝìri-zu ù-la- 5 ugnim-bi na-nam-ba-lá-e 6 ul4-la-bi ĝá-nam-ma a-ma-ru-kam double line ruling m im-{erasure}

Translation 1–2 3 4

Say to Ur-illat, the frontier commander, thus says Iddin-Dagan, your king: Thanks to you, my expeditionary force can (now) cross [from one] bank [of the river to the other], inspiring fear and causing a blockade. 5 When you went upstream to Kakkulatum, 6 Lamma, Dagan, Kabta, and Enlil 7 cut the neck of its enemy troops. 8 My splendor covered the land, 9–10 while you approached the enemy land to its limit with your heroism and your strength. 11 After the enemy did not stand in your presence, 12 After (that) man’s troops were not held (but had left the city), Reverse 1 (and) after the dignitaries were captured in a strong fortress,

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2 3 4 5 6

then release the lowest (ranking) [from their] place. Let those who enter and leave work! After their famous people, armed forces and . . . , have been brought into your path do not diminish your army! Come quickly! It is urgent!

Remarks Obverse 1. Instead of the expected Sin-illat, this manuscript is addressed to Ur-illat, otherwise unknown in this corpus. 5. Note the syllabic spelling gi-da for gíd-da, attested in other manuscripts. 7. This is the end of l. 6 in the composite. Note the variant gú bi-TAR in lieu of gú bí-r i. 10.This is a variant to the end of l. 8 of the composite, which reads kur-bi-šè ba-e-te.The expression til-bi-šè is not common but does occur elsewhere—for instance, in Šu-ilišu A 11 and Inana C 214. 11. Our manuscript preserves quite a different variant from the known texts, which read lú-kúr dab5-ba ba-e-da-an-kur9, “you have been able to make prisoners of the enemy.” 12. The eclectic text reads érin lú-a iri-ta è-a-ba, “after that man’s troops have left the city.” Reverse 1. For lú gal-gal-bi-e-ne, “dignitaries,” see Šu-Suen to Šarrum-bani 1 (CKU 19) ll. 9, 12. For en- nu-ùĝ kala-ga, “mighty fortress,” see Aradmu to Šulgi 2 (CKU 3) l. 12; Michalowski (2011, 296) argues that the latter “seems to be a calque from the Akkadian use of maṣṣartum qualified by dannum; see CAD M/1 335.” This line is in place of SEpM 3 ll. 11 and 12, which read ugnim-ma igi im-mi-in-du11-ga, lú-dab5-ne-ne en-nu-ùĝ ĝá-ĝá-da. 2.The scribe does not seem to have understood the tradition for this line, which reads a-ga-aš gi4-bi hé-ni-in-du8. We cannot explain the presence of the gú and so have amended it. We expect ki- [bi-šè], but if there were two signs in the break, they would be quite small, which is unnecessary given the ample space on the tablet.

4.This line is problematic.The eclectic ll. 15 and 16 read lugal mu tuku-ne-ne ĝeštukul érin-na, ka- ĝìri-za lah5-àm, “their famous kings and armed forces were brought in your path, do not diminish your army!” At the end of the line, an incorrect sequence of signs, probably meant to express the thoughts presented in the indented line below, was abandoned by the scribe after he realized he had omitted at least two signs. He then started anew on the indented line and completed the sentence somewhat successfully, since he wrote ù-la instead of ù-la-ah, a syllabic spelling of lah5. For a comparable situation, in which a verbal chain is abandoned and then rewritten, see GEN ms Ur 6 l. 8′ (Gadotti 2014, 306). 664. CUNES 48-09-194 Measurements: 68×91×28 Contents: Obverse: undetermined; Reverse: Temple Hymns ll. 345?-352 **To be published by M. Phillips

Unparalleled Landscape Type III 665. CUNES 48-09-197 Measurements: 50×70×23 Contents: Literary Obverse Exercise One 1 ˹d˺nu-nam-nir dri-im-dsuen ~ sipad šag4 za-ra 2 nam-lugal sum-ma-zu 3 du7-šè hé-gi-né There is a line ruling only after final line of text. Exercise Two (rotated 180 degrees) 1 d{erasure} ˹x˺ den-ki ˹x˺ 2 nam-barag {remainder of line erased} Reverse Blank

Translation 1 2 3

Nu-namir, for Rim-Suen, the shepherd of your heart, (after) you gave (him) kingship, may you make it suitably firm for him.

Literature

Remarks The tablet has two exercises, of which only one is fully preserved. The first exercise, an unattested hymn to Rim-Suen, begins at the top left corner and continues for three lines. The other exercise is oriented 180 degrees in relation to the first. This exercise consists of two lines, which were mostly erased. Exercise One 3. Contextually, we opted to understand -šè as an adverb although this usage is to our knowledge a hapax. Exercise Two 1. The first x in l. 1 is partially erased. 666. CUNES 53-02-135 Measurements: 45×69×25 Contents: Literary Obverse 1 ˹d˺šul-pa-è 2 en-e a-bi 3 digir-ra-ni an-né za-˹a-aš˺ Reverse Blank

Translation 1 Šulpa’e, 2 the lord, . . . 3 his god is in the heavens for you.

Remarks Although the mention of Šulpa’e suggests that this may be a hymn dedicated to him, the lack of verbal forms as well as the brevity of the lines makes providing a translation difficult.

Decad Type III 667. CUNES 48-10-141 Measurements: 77*×56×26 Contents: Lipit-Eštar B ll. 1–7 Obverse 1 dli-pí-it-eš4-tár [lugal] 2 saĝ íl nun bar[ag-ga] 3 hé-du7 ĝišísimu2sa[r] 4 nam-lugal-[la]

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utu-gin7 du še-er-zid kalam-m[a] [n]am-nun-šè ˹mah me˺ ~ gal-la ˹u5˺ 8 ˹ub˺-da 4 9 ùĝ ki ĝar-ra 10 še-ga den-líl-[lá] 11 dnin-líl ˹ki? áĝ?˺ [ . . . ] 12 ˹šul˺ zi[d . . .] 13 [ . . . ] (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse (beginning of reverse lost) 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [ . . . ] 3′ AN [ . . . ] 5 6 7

d

Translation 1–2 3 4 5 6 7 8–9 10 11 12 13

Lipit-Eštar, proud [king], enthroned prince, most seemly offshoot of kingship, who walks like Utu, radiance of the land, exalted in nobility, riding on the great mes, who settles the people in the four quarters, favored by Enlil, beloved by Ninlil, trustworthy youth, [ . . . ]

668. CUNES 48-11-198 Measurements: 90×54×31 Contents: Lipit-Eštar A ll. 31–60 Obverse 1 = 31. igi zid bar-˹ra dnanna˺-me-en 2 = 32. uri5ki-ma [gù z]i-dè-eš ma-an-dé 3 = 33. u4-ta-˹u18˺-lu ˹lú˺ šà-ga-na-me-[en] 4 = 34. é-šu-me-˹ša4-ta ní˺ gal mu-un-˹ri!˺ 5 = 35. ĝéštug ba9-rá den-ki-kam-[me]-en 6 = 36. eridugki-ta ˹nam-lugal˺ ma-{erasure}-an-˹sum˺ 7 = 37. nitalam! ki áĝ dinana-kam-[me?-en?] 8 = 38. ki unugki-šè saĝ an-šè mi-ni-íl 9 = 39. ˹dub˺-sar a-rá zu dnisaba-kam-me-en 10 = 40. šul inim ˹gi˺-na dutu-me-en 11 = 41. [na]m-lugal-la hé-du7-bi-me-en

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12 = 42. [d]li!-pí-it-eš4-tár dumu d en-líl-lá-me-en ˹ 13 = 43. buru14˺ mah zi-ga zi kalam-ma-me-e[n] 14 = 44. engar guru17-ni dub-dub-ba-me-e[n] 15 = 45. ˹sipad é˺-tùr-ra ì ga mah-me-e[n] Reverse 1 = 46. ˹ambar ku6˺ mušen gal-gal-la -[me-en] 2 = 47. íd hé-ĝál-la a zal-le túm-[ma-me-en] 3 = 48. [hu]r-saĝ gal giri17-zal nun-[na-me-en] 4 = 49. ˹á˺ mah sum-ma den-líl-lá-[me-en] 5 = 50. dli-pí-it-eš4-tár šul ní-tuku-ni-[me-en] 6 = 51. [diĝir-re-e]-ne saĝ ús-bi-me-en 7 = 52. [é-kur-ra] ˹mùš˺ nu-túm-mu-bi-me-en 8 = 53. ˹lugal!˺ ka[dra-šè máš] gaba tab-ba-me-[en] 9 = 54. sun5-sun5-na giri17 ˹šu ĝál-la-me˺-[en] 10 = 55. lugal šùd-˹dè gub-ba-me-en˺ 11 = 56. inim s[a6-sa6-g]e den-líl huĝ-me-en 12 = 57. [a-ra-zu-ne dn]in-líl húl-le-me-en 13 = 58. [ĝá-la] ˹nu-dag-ge˺ dnuska gub-ba-me-en 14 = 59. [ki]-˹ùr-šè˺ šu ĝál-ĝál-la-me-en 15 = 60. ˹níĝ de6-de6˺ suhuš-e hé-du7-me-en bottom edge iti x-è u4-26-kam ba-zal

Translation Obverse 1 = 31. I am one looked at favorably by Nanna: 2 = 32. he spoke to me truthfully in Ur. 3 = 33. Uta-ulu, the man of his heart, 4 = 34. directed awesomeness to me from the Ešumeša. 5 = 35. I am he on whom Enki bestowed wisdom: 6 = 36. he gave me kingship from Eridu. 7 = 37. As the beloved husband of Inanna, 8 = 38. I lift my head in the place of Uruk. 9 = 39. I am a proficient scribe of Nisaba. 10 = 40. I am a young man whose word Utu confirms.

11 = 41. I am the ornament of kingship. 12 = 42. I am Lipit-Eštar, son of Enlil. 13 = 43. I am the one who makes an abundant crop grow, the life of the land. 14 = 44. I am a farmer, piling up his grain piles. 15 = 45. I am a shepherd, making butter and milk abundant in the cow pen. Reverse 1 = 46. I am he who makes the fish and the birds grow bigger in the marshes. 2 = 47. I am a river of abundance that brings flowing water. 3 = 48. I am the prince (who brings) joy (to) the great mountain. 4 = 49. I am the one who was granted great strength by Enlil. 5 = 50. I am Lipit-Eštar, the young man who respects him. 6 = 51. I am the provider of the gods. 7 = 52. I am the one who does not cease working for the Ekur. 8 = 53. I am the king clutching a goat to the chest as a gift. 9 = 54. I am the one who prays in all humility. 10 = 55. I am the king standing in prayer. 11 = 56. I am the one who pacifies Enlil with kind words. 12 = 57. I am the one who makes Ninlil happy with prayers. 13 = 58. I am the one who serves Nuska ceaselessly. 14 = 59. I am the one who . . . at/toward the ki’ur. 15 = 60. I am the one who makes the foundation perfect by granting many things.

Remarks Obverse 7. The scribe wrote MÍ.UŠ.ZU.DAM for nitalam(MÍ.UŠ.DAM). Bottom Edge The reading of the month name is uncertain.

Literature

669. CUNES 48-11-208 Measurements: 98*×57*×30 Contents: Enki’s Journey to Nippur ll. 74–95, 101–3 Obverse 1 = 74. [hu]r-saĝ galam -dam a ba-an-[dirig] 2 = 75. [z]ag-ga-ni ĝeš-gi-a ba-[an-KU] 3 = 76. ĝeškiri6 sig7-ga gurun íl-l[a-a-ba] 4 = 77. [muš]en-e haš4-bi mu-un-ĝ[á-ĝá] 5 = 78. ˹suhur˺ku6-e ú-làl-e a-ne mu-[un-e] 6 = 79. ˹eštub˺ku6-e gi-zi di4-di4-lá kun mu-˹un˺-[na-sud-e] ˹d 7 = 80. en-ki˺ zi-ga-ni ku6--e na-z[ìg] 8 = 81. [ab]zu-e u6-e nam-ma-g[ub] 9 = 82. [engur]-ra húl-la mu-ni-ib-[de6] 10 = 83. a-ab-ba-gin7 ní mu-un-da-ĝál 11 = 84. íd mah- su zìg mu-un-da-an-r i 12 = 85. ídburanun-na u18-lu sumur mu-da-an-z[ìg] 13 = 86. ĝešgi-muš-a-ni dnirah-a-ni 14 = 87. ĝešĝisal-a-ni gig tur-tur-ra-ni 15 = 88. [d]˹en˺-ki u5-a-ni mu hé-ĝál sù-g[a] 16 = 89. [gešmá] ní-bi nam-du8 éš ní-bi nam-dab5 17 = 90. [é eri]du!ki-ga-ke4 im-ma-kar-ra 18 = 91. [i7-dè] [lug]al-bi-ir ad im-mi-ib-g[i4-gi4] 19 = 92. [gù-bi] gù amar-ra gù áb du10-ga-k[e4] 20 = 93. [den-ki-ke4 gud i]m-ma-ab-gaz-e udu im-[ma-ab-šár-re] 21 = 94. [kušá-lá nu-ĝál-la]-àm ki-bi-šè im sá [im-dug4] 22 = 95. [ùb zabar nu-ĝál-la]-˹àm ki-bi-šè˺ [im-mi-in-è] Reverse 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ = 101. [dugku-kur-rú kaš] du10-du10-ga d[uh-bi bí-in-sá-sá] 3′ = 102. [ka-bi] làl zú-lum-m[a níĝ er9 ba-ni-in-ak] 4′ = 103. [duh-bi] níĝ làl-la sed ˹x˺ [bí-in-du8] double line ruling iti zíz-a u4-18

235

Translation 1 = 74. The skillfully built mountain floats on water. 2 = 75. His . . . into the reed bed. 3 = 76. In its green orchards laden with fruit, 4 = 77. birds rejoice. 5 = 78. Suhur-carp play among the ulal-plants, 6 = 79. Eštub-carp dart among the small zi-reeds. 7 = 80. When Enki rises, the fish rise. 8 = 81. He causes the abzu to stand as a wonder, 9 = 82. as he brings joy into the engur. 10 = 83. He inspires awe like the sea. 11 = 84. He instills fear like a powerful river. 12 = 85. The Euphrates rises before him as it does before the furious south wind. 13 = 86. His punting pole is the god Nirah. 14 = 87. His oars are the small wheat. 15 = 88. When Enki embarks, the year will be full of abundance. 16 = 89. The ship departs on its own accord, the towrope holds onto itself. 17 = 90. As he leaves the temple of Eridug, 18 = 91. the river advices his lord: 19 = 92. its sound is the mooing of a calf, the mooing of a good calf. 20 = 93. Enki had oxen killed, and he had sheep slaughtered there. 21 = 94. Where there were no ala-drums, he installed some in their place; 22 = 95. where there were no bronze ub- drums, he had them brought in there. Reverse 2′ = 101. In kukurru-containers, which made the beer good, he mixed beer mash. 3′ = 102. By adding date syrup through its (= the container’s) mouth, he made it (= the beer) strong. 4′ = 103. He . . . its bran mash. Colophon Month xi, day 18

Remarks Obverse 7. In this line, one expects i-zi-éš in lieu of NE-e. The scribe omitted the metaphor and provided the noun with the improper subject marker.

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8. Our text reads nam- ma- gub in lieu of the expected àm- ma- gub. The variant does not change the meaning of the sentence. 14. The eclectic text has gi where we have gig. While gig can be read “wheat,” it might also be read as gi17, a homophone for gi, “reed.”

kišig! šu-ru-x ĝešdála a háb-ba [šu-ni] ĝešbanšur eme!-ni ˹é-gal˺-[la?] [lugal-ra dumu akšak]ki 2 mu-un-š[i-re7-eš] (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse Blank

Other

Translation

Type III

1′ 2′

670. CUNES 48-10-144 Measurements: 42*×59×25 Contents: SEpM 3 ll. 1–4 Obverse 1 [md]suen-illat ra-bi-sí-ka-˹x-x˺ 2 ù-na-a-dug4 3 di-din-da-gan lugal-zu na-ab-bé-a 4 kaskal- ĝu10 ní- tuku saĝ ˹gi4˺ gú i7-da ˹ ˺ 2 -[a-bi] ~ mu-[da-ab-bal-e] 5 [ . . . ] (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse Lost

Translation 1–2 3 4

Say to Suen-illat, the frontier commander, thus says Iddin-Dagan, your king: Thanks to you, my expeditionary force can cross from one bank of the river to another, inspiring fear and causing a blockade.

671. CUNES 49-03-352 Measurements: 46*×59*×29 Contents: Dumuzi’s Dream ll. 114–122 Obverse (beginning of obverse lost) 1′ [kadra níĝ] ˹du10-ge šu˺ [nu-gíd-i-me-eš] 2′ ˹úr˺ dam! níĝ du10-ge -si-g[e-me-eš] 3′ dumu níĝ ku7-ku7-dam! ne -su-[ub-ba-me-eš] 4′ sum níĝ sis zú nu-gub-[bu-me-eš] 5′ lú ku6 -gu7!-me-eš lú ga-[raš nu-gu7-me-eš] 6′ lugal-àm ˹dumu adab˺ki i-im-š[i-re7-eš]

7′ 8′ 9′

3′ 4′ 5′ 6′ 7′ 8′ 9′

ĝeš

[who accept no] good [gifts]. [They never enjoy] the sweetness of the lap of a spouse, They never kiss their sweet children. They bring no bitter garlic. They eat no fish, they [eat no] leeks. It is (for) the king that two men from Adab came. They were thistles in water that had dried up, they were thorns in water that stank. [His hand] (was) on the table, his tongue in the palace. [It is (for) the king] that two men from Akšak came.

Remarks 1′. Likely parallels Dumuzi’s Dream l. 114, Inana’s Descent ll. 300. 2′. Parallels Dumuzi’s Dream l. 115, Inana’s Descent ll. 301, 364. 3′. Parallels Dumuzi’s Dream l. 116, Inana’s Descent ll. 302, 365. 4′. Parallels Dumuzi’s Dream l. 117. 5′. Parallels Dumuzi’s Dream l. 118, Inana’s Descent l. 305b. 6′. Parallels Dumuzi’s Dream l. 119. 7′. Parallels Dumuzi’s Dream l. 120. We expect šu- ru-ug, but the final sign is not -ug. 8′. Parallels Dumuzi’s Dream l. 121. 9′. Parallels Dumuzi’s Dream l. 122. 672. CUNES 49-03-356 Measurements: 85*×64×31 Contents: Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld **Published by A. Gadotti and A. Kleinerman (2020) 673. CUNES 47-10-007 Measurements: 125×58×30 Contents: Literary letters **Published by A. Gadotti and A. Kleinerman (2014)

Literature

674. CUNES 48-06-509 Measurements: 113*×70*×41 Contents: Edubba E **To be published by M. Ceccarelli 675. CUNES 48-07-118 Measurements: 106×58×30 Contents: Šulgi Hymn **Published by M. Cohen (2005) 676. CUNES 52-20-293 Measurements: 41×44×20 Contents: Ur-Ninurta Hymn **To be published by A. Gadotti and A. Kleinerman

Undetermined Type III 677. CUNES 51-02-148 Measurements: 57×44×24 Contents: Literary (undetermined) Obverse 1 [x?]-˹x˺-na áĝ?-ĝá? ˹ 2 [x]- NE x˺-ma? ˹ ˺ d 3 [x?]- x en-[x-x?] ˹sag10?˺ ˹ ˺ 4 x [ . . . ]-DU8?-˹x˺ 5 ˹ha?-x˺ [ . . . ]-˹TI?˺ 6 a-la [x]-˹x˺ 7 ˹LAL? DA?˺ PA? ˹x˺-[x]-˹x˺ 8 ù ˹x˺-KAK? ˹x˺-[ . . . ] (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse Blank

1

Type I 678. CUNES 52-09-025 Measurements: 55*×63*×25* Contents: Nisaba A ll. 52–56 Obverse 1′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ 2′ [amaš]-a gára hé-˹me˺-[en] 3′ ˹é˺ níĝ-gur11-ra kìšib-ĝál hé-[me-en] 4′ ˹é˺-gal-la agrig zid hé-[me-en] 1 We would like to thank Niek Veldhuis and John Carnahan for providing us with a transliteration of this text.

237

5′ [gur]u7-du6 guru7-maš-a [guru7] 6′ [gú] ˹gur˺-ru hé-[me-en] 7′ [nun-e dnisa]ba-ra mí [dug4-ga] Reverse Lost

Translation 1′ 2′ 3′

[ . . . ] May [you be] the cream in the [sheepfold]. May [you be] the keeper of the seal in the treasury. 4′ May [you be] a good steward in the palace. 5′–6′ May [you be] the one who heaps up [grain] among the grain piles and in the grain stores. 7′ [Because the prince] cherished Nisaba. 679. CUNES 48-10-131 Measurements: 72*×66*×35 Contents: Lipit-Eštar A ll. 28–91 Obverse col. i (= ll. 28?-38?) 1′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ 2′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ 3′ [ . . . ]-me-en = l. 30 3′ [ . . . ]-me-en = l. 31 ˹ ˺ 5′ [ . . . ]-x 6′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ 7′ [. . . me]-en 8′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ 9′ [. . . me]-en = l. 35 = l. 36 10′ [. . . šú]m? 11′ [. . . me]-en = l. 37 12′ [ . . . ]-˹x˺ col. ii (= ll. 64–78) 1′ [kèš]˹ki-šè ˺ [ . . . ] 2′ uri5ki-šè ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 3′ eridugki-ta ĝá-la nu-dág-g[e?-bi-me-en] 4′ é-kur-ta nam-ti sum-ma-[me-en] 5′ zi-šà-a-ĝál iri-šè a-pap-šè al-ak-me-en 6′ dli-pí-it-eš4-tár sipad kur-kur-ra-me-en 7′ lugal mè-šè {erasure} ku-kur-kur du7-du7-me-en 8′ da-da-ra nam-šul-la kéš-kéš nu-du8-me-en 9′ ĝír-ùr-r[a] ù-sar-ra kam-me-en 10′ mè-a nim-gin7 ĝír-ĝír-e-me-en 11′ suhuš gi-na érin-na gàr dar!-a-me-en

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12′ saĝ-kal na4peš11-peš11-a-me-en 13′ kušgur21ùr igi tab [ugnim-ma-me-en] 14′ ur-saĝ igi zalag-[ga zú kéš gi-na-me-en] (end of column and obverse) Reverse col. i ll. 79–91 1 [dli]-pí-it-eš4-tár [dumu den-líl-me-en] 2 kušummud sed6 KI ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 3 igi- ĝál kaskal-e an-dùl [erin2-na-me-en] 4 lugal tuš-a-ni barag-ga [túm-ma-me-en] 5 šag4 dugud-da inim-šè ĝál-la-˹me˺-[en] 6 dím-ma ĝalga!(ĜÁ×ĜAR) sù- a-rá-e kíĝ-a-me-[en] 7 šag4 sù--da ĝeštug daĝal-la-me-en 8 níĝ-nam nu-ul4-e eĝer-bi kíĝ!(TUK)-kíĝ!(TUK)-me-en 9 [x x] níĝ-bùru-da kalam-ta è-a-me-en 10 [níĝ-gi]-na ka-ga14 ĝál-la-me-en 11 [si sá] da-rí nu-ha-la-ma-me-en 12 [di-kud] ka-aš bar-e-dè inim si sá-ne- 13 [ . . . ] ˹x x x gal zu˺-me-en

Translation Obverse col. i 1′ = 64. [I serve] Keš [as a purification priest]. 2′ = 65. [I am top quality oil and cream] for Ur. 3′ = 66. [I am] not idle with respect to Eridug. 4′ = 68. [I am] the one who was given life from the Ekur. 5′ = 69. I am the one who makes liveliness for the city and . . . 6′ = 70. I am Lipit-Eštar, the shepherd of all the foreign lands. 7′ = 71. I am the king who rushes forward to battle (like) a wave. 8′ = 72. Girded in manliness, I do not loosen my harness. 9′ = 73. I am the one who sharpens the dagger. 10′ = 74. In battle I flash like lightening. 11′ = 75. (I am) a firm foundation, I push back against the troops.

12′ = 76. I am a saĝ-kal stone, a peš-peš stone. 13′ = 77. [I am] a siege shield, a screen [for the army]. 14′ = 78. [I am] a clear eyed warrior, [I make troops firm]. Reverse col. i 1 = 79. I am Lipit-Eštar, [son of Enlil]. 2 = 80. Like a water skin with cool water [ . . . ] 3 = 81. Keeping my eyes on the road [I am] the protection [of the soldiers]. 4 = 82. [I am] the king, who as he sits, [is fitted] (for) the throne. 5 = 83. I am good at public speaking. 6 = 84. I am one with a far-reaching mind and intellect examining requests. 7 = 86. I have a far-reaching heart and broad wisdom. 8 = 85. I do not hurry over anything but seek (to understand) its back(ground). 9 = 87. I am the one who brings . . . out of the land. 10 = 88. I am the one who has [truth] in his mouth. 11 = 89. I am the one who never destroys [one who is just]. 12 = 90. I am [a judge] who weights his words when making decisions. 13 = 91. I am who knows well [ . . . ].

Remarks obv. col. i This has to be between ll. 26 and 38 as that is the only sequence in the composition in which every line does not end with -me-en. Obverse col. ii 2′. x is not ì as per the composite line. 3′. Our manuscript has the phonetic variant dág instead of dag. 4′. Our manuscript omits l. 67 of the composite. 5′. Our manuscript adds a-pap-šè and has the verb ak in lieu of al dug4. The meanings “clay pipes” and “internment,” commonly found for a-pap, seem out of context. 9′. The verb in the composite line reads ak-me-en.

Literature

12′. Our manuscript has peš11, a phonetic variant of peš6. Reverse col. i 2. Composite line reads sed-dè a ĝuruš-a-me-en. 5. This is a loose translation, but it best captures the sense. 9. There seems to be room for two signs, but na4 ú as in the composite would be tight. níĝ- bùru-da appears to be an unattested variant of níĝ-bùru-bùru-da. 680. CUNES 52-08-062 Measurements: 53*×56*×30 Contents: Ninurta’s Return to Nippur ll. 47–55; 163–170 Obverse (beginning of obverse lost) 1′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 2′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ mu-u[n- . . .] 3′ [ . . . ] bal-a zar-re-[eš mu-un-du8-du8] 4′ [lugal-e] ˹á˺ nam-ur-saĝ-ĝá-ka [šu na-mi-ni-in-gi4?] 5′ [ur-saĝ dni]n-urta á nam-ur-saĝ-ĝá-k[a šu? na?-mi?-in?-gi4?] ĝeš 6′ [ gigir za-gìn-na] ní huš gùr-ru-na mu-[ . . . ] 7′ [am dab5-dab5-ba]-ni ĝešgag-a bí-[in-lá] 8′ [áb dab5-ba]-ni á šu4-dul4-a [bí-in-lá] 9′ [šeg9-saĝ]-˹6˺ sahar-gi4-a [bí-in-lá] (remainder of reverse lost) Reverse (beginning of obverse lost) 1′ [ . . . ] (traces) [ . . . ] 2′ [ . . . ]-˹ga˺ mè zi-šà-ĝál [dinana-me-en] 3′ [ur-s]aĝ nam tar-ra den-ki-da me h[uš? túm-a-me-en] 4′ [nam-lugal]-ĝu10 zag an ki-šè ní pa U[D. DU] 5′ [á- ĝál] diĝir-re-e-ne-me-en ní gal ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 6′ [iri ki áĝ]-ĝu10 èš nibruki an--gin7 [gú hé-éb-ús] 7′ [iri- ĝu10 iri šeš-ĝu10-n]e-ka g[ú-gal-bi hé-a] 8′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ [ . . . ] (remainder of obverse lost)

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Translation Obverse 3′ = 49. He [piled up] . . . 4′ = 50. [the king], with his heroic strength, [ . . . ] 5′ = 51. [the hero], Ninurta, with his heroic strength, [ . . . ] 6′ = 52. [On his shining chariot], which inspires terrible awe [ . . . ] 7′ = 53. [He hung] his [captured wild bulls] on the axel. 8′ = 54. [He hung] his [captured cows] on the cross-piece of the yolk. 9′ = 55. [He hung] the ˹six˺-headed wild ram on the dust-guard. Reverse 2′ = 164. [I am the . . .], the life-source of [Inana]. 3′ = 165. [I am] the warrior destined by Enki [to be suited] for the [fearsome?] divine powers. 4′ = 166. My [kingship] being manifest onto the ends of heaven and earth, 5′ = 167. I am the [most able] among the gods, . . . with great awesomeness. 6′ = 168. [Let] my [beloved city], the sanctuary Nippur, [raise its head] as high as heaven. 7′ = 169. [Let my city be preeminent among the cities of my brothers.]

Remarks We do not believe that 680 and 681 are from the same source, if only because 680 has clear line rulings and 681 does not. Obverse 3′. The Old Babylonian version reads [zar-re]-eš mu-un-du8-du8. The Neo-Assyrian one reads mir-ra-a-ni-ta diĝir ki-˹bal˺ [ . . . ], Akkadian ina a-ga-gi-šú DINGIR.MEŠ KUR ˹nu˺-[kur-ti], “In his rage, he made heaps of the gods of the rebellious land.” In light of 680, l. 48 should be restored as follows mir-ra-ni-ta ki-bal-a zar-re-eš mu-un- du8-du8. See also Cooper 1978, 109. 4′. Note á nam-ur-saĝ-ĝá-ka(-ni?) for á nam-ur-saĝ- ĝá-ni in both ll. 4 and 5.

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6′. A mu-sign is preserved at the end of the line just before the break. This must be the syllabic spelling of mùš. This line has a parallel in the “Kusu Hymn” (l. 5) (see Michalowski 1993, 152–62, esp. p. 154), which reads ní gal gùr-ru-na mùš [ . . . ] (source D) or ní gal gùr-ru-na mu-uš pa dar- dar-[ . . . ] (source A). Reverse 4′. Note the incorrect addition of ní. The eclectic line has the verbal form pa hé-em-ma-ni-[íb]-˹è˺. 5′. The eclectic line is broken. 6′. KI is a mistake possibly influenced by l. 4′. 681. CUNES 52-08-066 Measurements: 53*×56*×30 Contents: Ninurta’s Return to Nippur ll. 110–120 Obverse col. i (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 2′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 3′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 4′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ col. ii (beginning of column lost) 1′ am á huš í[l-íl dumu dmu-ul-íl kur-ba mu-e-tu11-tu11] 2′ ur-saĝ ù-mu-[un dnin-urta? . . .] 3′ ˹ki˺-bal hul ĝál [ . . . ] 4′ en dnin-urta-k[e4 mu-na-ni-íb-gi4-gi4] 5′ ama- ĝu10 an-né nu-m[u-e-da-x . . .] 6′ dnin-líl {erasure} an-[né nu-mu-e-da-x . . .] 7′ [m]è an-gin7 ˹x x˺ [ . . . ] 8′ [a]-ma-ru zi-ga [ . . . ] 9′ [kur] gi-sig-gin7 dúb-b[u? . . .] 10′ [mè- ĝ]u10 a mah ˹è˺(UD.[DU)-a-gin7 kur-re ba-ra-ab-è] 11′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ en IM [ . . . ] Reverse Lost except for traces of three lines at the bottom of the fragment. In the final line, an ama sign is clear. It is unclear whether this text is from the same composition.

Translation Obverse col. ii 1′ “Wild bull, with fierce horns [raised, son of Enlil, you have struck blows in the mountains.] 2′ Warrior, lord [Ninurta, . . .] 3′ . . . the rebellious lands [ . . . ].” 4′ Lord Ninurta, [answered her.] 5′ “My mother, I cannot [ . . . ] in the sky. 6′ Ninlil, [I cannot . . . in] the sky. 7′ Battle, like heaven, [ . . . ]. 8′ A rising deluge [ . . . ] 9′ Smashing [the mountains] like reed huts [ . . . ] 10′ My [battle like] an onrushing flood [overflowed the mountains] 11′ [ . . . ]

Remarks We do not believe that 680 and 681 are from the same source, if only because 680 has clear line rulings and 681 does not. 5′, 6′. This tradition is different than the one preserved at Nippur, attested only in Cooper 1978, source A, which has dili-ĝu10 in place of our an-né. 682. CUNES 52-08-069 Measurements: 59*×59*×29* Contents: Two Women B (bilingual) **Published by J. Matuszak 2021 683. CUNES 52-10-176 Measurements: 96*×70*×32 Contents: Two Women B **Published by J. Matuszak 2021 684. CUNES 52-08-067 Measurements: 38*×40*×21 Contents: Literary Obverse 1 dinana nin-gal me-kìlib-ba dùg [ĝál] ~ barag mah-a saĝ í[l] 2 su-lim daĝal an-úr-ta UD.[DU-a?] ~ ĝešĝíri-ni ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 3 munus AŠ-ša lam KA [ . . . ] ~ ki-bala [ . . . ] 4 dinana!(ZI.MÙŠ) [ . . . ]

Literature

~ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ [ . . . ] (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse Lost

Translation 1 2 3 4

For Inana, the great lady, who has gathered all the mes, who holds her head high on the lofty dais, Wide awesome radiance coming out from the horizon; her dagger . . . The lady, perfect, flourishing . . . the enemy lands . . . Inana [ . . . ]

Remarks 1. The first part of the line occurs in a Rimsin inscription, for which, see E4.2.14.2 l. 2.The second is paralleled by Šulgi X l. 57. 2. For su-lim daĝal see, e.g., Ibbi-Suen A l. 3; Rimsin E4.2.14.11 l. 4. For an-úr-ta è-a, see, e.g., Enki and the World Order 378, Lugalbanda I Seg A 228. 3. The beginning of the line can either be read munus 1-ša, “the woman alone,” as in Nisaba B ll. 22–24, or munus aš-ša, “the perfect woman,” where aš-ša is a variant for aš-ša4. Although munus dili is attested as an epithet of Inana in the Temple

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Hymns l. 321, the presence of ša here seems to suggest that reading aš is warranted. For lam used in a similar context, see Dumuzi-Inana G l. 1. 685. CUNES 53-08-060 Measurements: 83×136×30 Contents: Inana-Dumuzi Hymn **Published by M. Cohen (2014) 686. CUNES 52-09-011 Measurements: 64×36×12 Contents: Literary (undetermined) Obverse (beginning of obverse lost) 1′ [ . . . ] ˹gi4? x˺ [ . . . ] 2′ [. . . na]m? bara[g . . .] 3′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ DU-šè SAR [ . . . ] 4′ [. . . m]u?-sa6 ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 5′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺-ba [ . . . ] 6′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ iri-šè nu-˹kúr˺ [ . . . ] 7′ [. . . h]é-a diĝir-bi [ . . . ] 8′ [ . . . ] diĝir dili? kaš4 [ . . . ] 9′ [. . . m]u-ub-bé NI-[ . . . ] 10′ [. . . m]˹u-zu˺ ab-˹x˺-[ . . . ] (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse Lost

21 U NDETERMI NED LI STS Type IV 687. CUNES 48-07-125 Measurements: 83×86×28 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 KA šag4-zu 2 KA.KA-zu 3 en-gin7 Reverse 1 KA šag4-zu˺ ˹ 2 KA.KA- zu˺ ˹ ˺ 3 en- gin7

Remarks To our knowledge, there are no known parallels to this text. On the one hand, the presence of the KA in the first and second line suggests it may be an acrographic list. On the other hand, we may be dealing with a proverb as suggested by the presence of the grammatical elements -zu and -gin7. 688. CUNES 48-11-094 (See Plate 25) Measurements: 70×70×26 Tablet (re)used for doodling signs.The name Lipit-Eštar is clear. It must have been on the mind of the student that day. 689. CUNES 49-03-047 Measurements: 64×63×22 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 ˹x˺-[ . . . ]-˹x˺ 2 im-[x]-˹x-e?˺ Reverse Blank 690. CUNES 49-04-027 Measurements: 91×90×25 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1˹ AN IGI lú˺ a-da-ir

2 ˹sa˺-bi gi-a 3 ˹sa˺-bi im-a ˹ ˺ sa -bi gi-a 4 nu- ˹ ˺ sa -bi im-a 5 nu- ˹ ˺ 6 x-x -bi-˹x˺-a Line Ruling Reverse Blank except for fabric impressions

Remarks The tablet appears to preserve two different exercises. The first line may contain a divine name or a personal name. This line is separated from the remainder of the text by a line ruling. 691. CUNES 49-08-041 Measurements: 70×64×23 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 ˹šu˺-r i-a-bi 2 ˹x˺-bi SU dùb-ba 3 PEŠ4 šu! SU dùb-ba Reverse Blank 692. CUNES 49-08-043 Measurements: 74×74×26 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 é ur-sa6-ga 2 mu-{erasure}-lá 3 1 sar x ˹x x˺{erasure?}˹x˺ Reverse Blank 693. CUNES 49-09-172 Measurements: 80×81×28 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 2 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 3 [ . . . ] ˹x˺

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Reverse 1 [ . . . ] 2 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 3 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 694. CUNES 49-11-080 Measurements: 72×72×26 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 ˹x-x˺ ˹ ˺ 2 [x]- x ˹ ˺ 3 [x]- x Reverse Erased 695. CUNES 49-13-157 Measurements: 83×92×20 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 2 ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 3 ˹x˺ [ . . . ] Reverse Blank 696. CUNES 50-00-017 Measurements: 45*×64*×25 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 Blank 2 ˹KA˺ [ . . . ] (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse 1 [ . . . ] 2 ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 3 ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 697. CUNES 50-00-027 Measurements: 67×31*×25 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 [ . . . ]-˹x˺-gi4 2 [ . . . ]-li 3 [ . . . ]-˹x˺-gi4-a Reverse Blank

Undetermined Lists

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698. CUNES 50-02-098 Measurements: 87×82×26 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 ˹x˺-[x]-˹ba˺ 2 ˹x-nam-ba˺ 3 ˹x˺-lú-bi-ba Reverse 1 ˹x-x˺-ba 2 ˹x-nam-ba˺ 3 ˹x˺-lú-bi-[ba] Erasure below the line 699. CUNES 50-02-124 Measurements: 51×52×19 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 ˹x˺-AB-˹DU˺ 2 [x]-AB-dím-DU 3 zabar-ra 4 [x?]-AB-˹x-x˺ 5 [x]-x-[x] Reverse Blank

Remarks Despite the presence of zabar-ra in l. 3, we are hesitant in attributing this tablet to Ura 2. 700. CUNES 50-02-131 Measurements: 83×81×26 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 ˹x x x x˺ 2 ˹x x x x˺ 3 ˹x x x˺ 4 ˹x x x x x x˺ 5 ˹x x x x˺ Reverse Lost 701. CUNES 50-04-186 Measurements: 73×63×27 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ 2 [ . . . ] TUR

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3 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ Reverse Fake 702. CUNES 50-08-105 Measurements: 82×79×24 Contents: Undetermined Obverse Lost Reverse 1 ˹x˺ a-lá 2 ˹x˺ dím-ma 3 ˹x˺-ba-ra

Remarks The initial sign preserved in all three lines is the same. It is likely ká or KAL, perhaps for guruš. As such, this tablet may be an unparalleled sequence from either Kagal or a list of human beings.

Remarks Although kur is attested in OB Nippur Ea l 447, N. Veldhuis (personal communication, November 2017) points out this is unlikely an advanced sign list given the lack of initial vertical and the fact that Ea is otherwise never attested on lentils. 705. CUNES 51-07-114 Measurements: 75×74×22 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 ra-TI 2 AB ri-tah 3 AB da-ra-ti Reverse 1 ra-TI 2 AB ri-tah 3 AB da-ra-ti

703. CUNES 50-10-023 Measurements: 68×66×22 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 DIŠ a ˹x x x x x˺ 2 ĜEŠ UD KA ˹x x x˺ 3 erased 4 erased Reverse Erased

706. CUNES 51-09-131 Measurements: 67×71×19 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 {indent} a 2 {indent} a-a 3 {indent} ˹a˺-mu Reverse 1 {indent} ˹a˺ 2 {indent} [a-a] 3 {indent} [a-mu]

Remarks

Remarks

The two preserved lines begin with different signs, which, given the number of signs in each line, suggests that this was not a lexical exercise but rather a proverb or a literary excerpt. 704. CUNES 51-07-100 Measurements: 56×65×26 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 {indent} kur 2 {indent} kur 3 {indent} kur Reverse 1 {indent} kur 2 {indent} kur 3 {indent} kur

N. Veldhuis (personal communication, November 2017) suggests this may be a list of Akkadian name elements. See also Veldhuis 2014, 148 w/n 306. 707. CUNES 52-10-172 Measurements: 68*×76*×20 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [. . . K]A d˹x-x˺-[x] 3′ ˹x˺ UN KA dna-na--˹šè˺ Reverse Lost

Undetermined Lists

Remarks 3′.The sequence AN NA NA makes no sense unless one restores an and understands this as the goddess Nanaya. The final šè (or šu) may have been a mistake. 708. CUNES 52-16-012 Measurements: 71×71×22 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 ù NE TI 2 ù PA KID 3 ÙZ ga-ba-al Reverse Blank 709. CUNES 52-17-082 Measurements: 71×73×27 Contents: Undetermined Obverse Erased, or never completed. Line rulings are set up in different directions, suggesting the tablet may have been reused. Reverse Blank 710. CUNES 52-18-172 Measurements: 78×72×75 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 [x] iri-bi an-˹x x˺ 2 ˹x x a KA˺ 3 BLANK Reverse 1 x-ma-tum 2 ì-lí-DIĜIRlum 3 x-x-x 4 ZA-x-˹x˺ 5 UD-UD-x

Remarks Obverse The two lines begin with different signs, which, given the number of signs preserved in each line,

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suggests that this was not a lexical exercise but rather a proverb or a literary excerpt. Reverse The text is contained in a case. See text 595 for a similar layout.The script is much larger than on the obverse. 711. CUNES 52-18-179 Measurements: 51*×53*×22 Contents: Undetermined Obverse doodling above the line 1 [ . . . ]-ki-bi 2 [. . . b]i 3 [. . . b]i? 4 [ . . . ] (remainder of obverse lost) Reverse (beginning of reverse lost) 1′ [ . . . ] (remainder of reverse blank) 712. CUNES 52-18-184 Measurements: 69×68×21 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 LÁL.SAR 2 LÁL.SAR.X? 3 [(x?) ŠU]BUR ĜAR Reverse Erased 713. CUNES 52-20-337 Measurements: 58×55×30 Contents: Undetermined Obverse 1 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ zu-NE? x x zu-NE 2 [ . . . ] ˹x˺ x in-na-da-zi 3 BLANK Reverse 1 ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 2 ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 3 ˹x˺ [ . . . ] 4 ˹x˺ [ . . . ]

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Remarks Obverse The two lines begin with different signs, which, given the number of signs preserved in each line, suggests that this was not a lexical exercise but rather a proverb or a literary excerpt. Reverse The text is rotated 90 degrees to the left. See text 595 and 710 for a similar layout, although the text is not contained in a case. 714. CUNES 53-02-124 Measurements: 78×77×29 Contents: Undetermined 1 [x] ˹x x˺ 2 ˹x níĝ-ba˺ 3 ˹x x x x˺ Reverse Blank

Prism 715. CUNES 52-10-158 Measurements: 69*×51*×41* Contents: Undetermined (beginning of face lost) col. i′ (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ] x 2′ [x?] ˹gal˺-gal 3′ [x?] tur-tur 4′ [ . . . ] 5′ [ . . . ] 6′ [ . . . ] IG 7′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ IG 8′ [ . . . ] an-na 9′ [ . . . ] LAGAB×U 10′ [ . . . ] ZU 11′ [ . . . ] ˹x˺ (remainder of column lost)

col. ii (beginning of column lost) 1′ [ . . . ] 2′ [ . . . ] 3′ ˹x x sum˺ 4′ ˹x x tir˺ 5′ ˹x x x˺ 6′ ˹x˺ saĝ ˹x˺ 7′ [x] ˹x˺ [x] 8′ [x] nam x 9′ ˹x x DÍM˺ 10′ KA×X-na-kam 11′ KA-na 12′ zu-ni-ni 13′ ki x 14′ kal x x 15′ [x] x [x] (remainder of column lost) col. iii (beginning of column lost) 1′ liš [x x] 2′ TUR ˹x x˺ [x] 3′ bar LAGAB si x 4′ x x lá 5′ šub5 bu-ra 6′ šub5 zi 7′ šub5-še ZI&ZI 8′ x x 9′ gu ˹x˺ [x (x?)] 10′ AN x [ . . . ] 11′ ér [ . . . ] 12′ x [ . . . ] 13′ šag4 [ . . . ] (remainder of column lost) (remainder of face lost)

Remarks šub5 še occurs in SLT 012 r iii 8′ (P227925) and SLT 017 r i 9′ (P229350), a version of OB Nippur Ura 6.

Appendix The documents published below are OB Sumerian early education school tablets housed in private collections around the world. We decided to include them here for completeness sake, although they do not belong to the larger corpus of the Rosen collection. They supplement the findings Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7 Appendix 8 Appendix 9 Appendix 10 Appendix 11 Appendix 12 Appendix 13

private/dio-1 Internet-3 Internet-2 Internet-4 Anonymous-1 Internet-1 private/dio-2 private/dio-4 Internet-5 BCG-x651l Sinclair-1 private/dio-3 Lewis Newman

lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil imgida lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil lentil

of our volume—for example, they include exemplars of both attested and unattested Sumerian and Akkadian personal name lists and acrographic lists. However, there is nothing in regards to provenience or content that allows us to connect these tablets specifically to the Rosen corpus or to each other.

Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Sumerian PN Akkadian PN Akkadian PN Thematic Thematic (ALE) Acrographic Acrographic Acrographic proverb

Ur-me ll. 144–146 Ur-Nanše ll. 7–9 partial parallel with PBS 11/3 unparalleled unparalleled PN List Ba-[ . . . ] l. 487 unparalleled Ura 4—stones Lu Saĝ Saĝ unparalleled unparalleled

Appendix 2. Internet-32 Measurements: unknown Contents: Sumerian Personal Names = Ur-Nanše ll. 7–9 Tablet Type: IV Obverse 1 ur-ŠUL 2 ur-ŠUBUR d nin-mar-ki-ka 3 ur- Reverse Blank

Appendix 1. Private/dio-11 Measurements: 69×64×18 Contents: Sumerian Personal Names = Ur-me ll. 144–146 Tablet Type: IV Obverse d nin-pa 1 [u]r- d nin-˹é˺-[a] 2 ur- d nin-é-za 3 ur- Reverse No copy available.The copyist notes that the reverse is identical but damaged.

1 Indicates copies of anonymous tablets in Prof. David I. Owen’s personal files that Prof. Owen generously made available to us.

2 See https://www.arteprimitivo.com/scripts/detail.asp ?LOT_NUM=147930.

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Appendix 3. Internet-23 Measurements: 73×75×? Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Tablet Type: IV Obverse 1 lú-sa6-ga 2 [l]ú-sa6-ga-ĝu10 3 lú-til-la Reverse (traces of erased doodling above the line) 1 lú-sa6-ga 2 lú-sa6-ga-ĝu10 3 [l]ú-til-la

Remarks 1. Parallels PBS 11/3 1403. Appendix 4. Internet-44 Measurements: (unavailable) Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Tablet Type: IV Obverse 1 dda-mu-x-x-x 2 dda-mu-gú-gal 3 dda-mu-gú-tuku Reverse 1 dda-mu-x-x-x 2 dda-mu-gú-gal 3 dda-mu-gú-tuku Appendix 5. Anonymous-1 Measurements: unavailable Contents: Sumerian Personal Names Tablet Type: IV Obverse 1 nin-lú-babbar 2 nin-lú-ti-ti 3 nin-é-ì-gar Reverse Erased

3 Photo and information no longer available. 4 Photo and information no longer available.

Appendix

Remarks Below the third line on the obverse are numerous fingernail impressions. There are more fingernail impressions on the reverse. 3. Perhaps a variant of the divine name dnin-é-ì-gára. Appendix 6. Internet-1 Measurements: unavailable Contents: Akkadian Personal Names (PN List Ba-[ . . . ]) Tablet Type: IV Obverse 1 dadad-e-NI 2 dadad-na-da 3 dadad-na?-zé?-er Reverse No photo available

Remarks 2. Parallels PBS 11/1 l. 487. Appendix 7. Private/dio-2 Measurements: 84×83×27 Contents: Akkadian Personal Names Tablet Type: III Obverse 1 msu-ma-tim-ma 2 mtu-ra-am-ì-lí 3 mhu-ra-a-tum 4 mdsuen-tu-ra-am 5 mdsuen-li-UD-x 6 mdsuen-mu-pa-hi-ir 7 mdsuen-ra-bi 8 mta-ri-bu-um 9 mdsuen-na-pi-iš-ti 10 mì-lí-qá-ti-ṣa-ba-at Reverse 1 {indent} mdsuen-i-qí-ša-am (remainder blank) Appendix 8. Private/dio-4 Measurements: 84×83×27 Contents: OB Nippur Ura 4 ll. 44–46 Tablet Type: IV Obverse

Appendix

1 na4gug 2 na4gug gazi 3 na4gug me-luh-ha Reverse Blank Appendix 9. Internet-55 Measurements: (unavailable) Contents: Humans Tablet Type: IV Obverse 1 dudu8 2 ì-dudu8 3 ì-du8 Reverse 1 dudu8 2 ì-dudu8 3 ì-du8

Remarks 3. Parallels OB Nippur Lu l. 130. Appendix 10. BCG-x651l Measurements: unavailable Contents: Acrographic (Saĝ) Obverse 1 {indent} KA 2 ka aga 3 ka aga KA×ŠE Reverse Blank

Remarks

249

Remarks 1. For commentary see remarks to appendix 10 l. 1. Appendix 12. Private/dio-3 Measurements: 57×56×18 Contents: Acrographic—unparalleled Tablet Type: IV Obverse 1 ŠE.NAGA LAGAB×U 2 ŠE.NAGA UD 3 ŠE.NAGA UD.UD 4 ŠE.NAGA x Reverse 1 az ama-na 2 anše-tur 3 pìriĝ-tur

Remarks Reverse 3. Perhaps for nemurx(PIRIG.TUR), as in OB Nippur Ura 3 l. 297. Appendix 13. Lewis Newman6 Measurements: 80*×99×28 Contents: Sumerian Proverb Tablet Type: IV Obverse 1 nibruki-šè 2 dub-sar sar-ra-me-en Reverse 1 dE[N.LILki?]-šè ˹ sar sar˺-[ra-m]e-en 2 dub-

1. KA occurs in OB Saĝ iii 13, 53 (MSL SS I, 17–27). Compare appendix 11 l. 1.

Translation

Appendix 11. Sinclair-1 (P362872) Measurements: unavailable Contents: Acrographic (Saĝ) Obverse 1 KA 2 ka aga 3 ka aga sa6-g[a] Reverse Blank

Remarks

5 Photo and information no longer available.

1–2

At Nippur, I am the scribe who writes.

1. The student confused the city Nippur with the god Enlil.

6 This tablet is published in memory of Jonathan Newman z”l, February 19, 1980, to June 26, 2002.

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The Cornell University Archaic Tablets Salvatore Monaco. 2007. Pp. xiv + 370. ISBN 978-1-934309-0 0-1 Sumerian Proverbs in the Schøyen Collection Bendt Alster. 2007. Pp. xvi + 156. ISBN 978-1-934309-01-8 The Garšana Archives David I. Owen and Rudolf H. Mayr with the assistance of Alex Kleinerman. 2007. Pp. xii + 528. ISBN 978-1-934309-02-5 Analytical Concordance to the Garšana Archives Alexandra Kleinerman and David I. Owen. 2009. Pp. x + 795. ISBN 978-1-934309-03-2 Workers and Construction Work at Garšana Wolfgang Heimpel. 2009. Pp. xx + 394. ISBN 978-1-934309-04-9 Garšana Studies David I. Owen, ed. 2011. Pp. xii + 457. ISBN 978-1-934309-05-6 A Late Old Babylonian Temple Archive from Dūr-Abiešuḫ Karel van Lerberghe and Gabriella Voet. 2009. Pp. xviii + 276. Pl. 22. ISBN 978-1-934309-07-9 Babylonian Tablets from the First Sealand Dynasty in the Schøyen Collection Stephanie Dalley. 2009. Pp. xviii + 320. Pl. 182. ISBN 978-1-934309-08-7 Babylonian Literary Texts in the Schøyen Collection A. R. George. 2009. Pp. xx + 160. Pl. 62. ISBN 978-1-934309-09-4 Early Dynastic and Early Sargonic Tablets from Adab in the Cornell University Collections Giuseppe Visicato and Aage Westenholz. 2010. Pp. xxvi + 124. Pl. 94. ISBN 978-1-934309-10-0 The Lexical Texts in the Schøyen Collection Miguel Civil. 2010. Pp. xxii + 308. ISBN 978-1-934309-11-7 Classical Sargonic Tablets Chiefly from Adab in the Cornell University Collections Massimo Maiocchi. 2009. Pp. xxii + 334. Pl. 38. ISBN 978-1-934309-12-4 Early Dynastic Cereal Texts in the Cornell University Collections Salvatore Monaco. 2011. Pp. xii + 289. ISBN 978-1-934309-39-1 Cuneiform Texts in the Carl A. Kroch Library, Cornell University Alhena Gadotti and Marcel Sigrist with the assistance of Nicole M. Brisch and David I. Owen. 2011. Pp. xx + 214. Pl. 29. ISBN 978-1-934309-25-4 Ur III Tablets from the Columbia University Libraries S. Garfinkle, H. Sauren, and M.Van De Mieroop. 2010. Pp. xxviii + 341. ISBN 978-1-934309-28-5 Cuneiform Royal Inscriptions and Related Texts in the Schøyen Collection A. R. George, ed. 2011. Pp. xxxii + 312. Pl. 101. ISBN 978-1-934309-33-9 Babylonian Divinatory Texts Chiefly in the Schøyen Collection A. R. George, 2013. Pp. xxviii + 441. Pl. 100. ISBN 978-1-934309-47-6 Classical Sargonic Tablets Chiefly from Adab in the Cornell University Collections, II Massimo Maiocchi and Giuseppe Visicato. 2012. Pp. xx + 208. ISBN 978-1-934309-40-7 Middle Sargonic Tablets Chiefly from Adab in the Cornell University Collections Francesco Pomponio and Giuseppe Visicato. 2015. Pp. xxxii + 250. ISBN 978-1-934309-60-5

CUSAS 21 CUSAS 22 CUSAS 23 CUSAS 24 CUSAS 25 CUSAS 26 CUSAS 27 CUSAS 28 CUSAS 29 CUSAS 30 CUSAS 31 CUSAS 32 CUSAS 33

CUSAS 34

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Archaic Bullae and Tablets in the Cornell University Collections Salvatore Monaco. 2014. Pp. xii + 228. ISBN 978-1-934309-55-1 Entrepreneurs and Enterprise in Early Mesopotamia: A Study of Three Archives from the Third Dynasty of Ur Steven J. Garfinkle. 2012. Pp. xii + 282. ISBN 978-1-934309-41-4 Miscellaneous Early Dynastic and Sargonic Texts in the Cornell University Collections Vitali Bartash. 2013. Pp. xiv + 242. Pl. 23. ISBN 978-1-934309-49-0 The Domestication of Equidae in Third-Millennium BCE Mesopotamia Juris Zarins. 2014. Pp. xi + 432. ISBN 978-1-934309-51-3 Hemerologies of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars Alasdair Livingstone. 2013. Pp. viii + 278. ISBN 978-1-934309-52-0 A Third-Millennium Miscellany of Cuneiform Texts Aage Westenholz. 2014. Pp. xviii + 238. Pl. 6. ISBN 978-1-934309-56-8 The “Šu-ilisu Archive” and Other Sargonic Texts in Akkadian Lucio Milano and Aage Westenholz. 2015. Pp. xii + 322. ISBN 978-1-934309-61-2 Documents of Judean Exiles and West Semites in Babylonia in the Collection of David Sofer Laurie Pearce and Cornelia Wunsch. 2014. Pp. xlii + 334. Pl. 105. ISBN 978-1-934309-57-5 A Late Old Babylonian Temple Archive from Dūr-Abiešu:The Sequel Kathleen Abraham and Karel van Lerberghe. 2017. Pp. xviii + 189. Pl. 218. ISBN 978-1-934309-74-2 Middle Babylonian Texts in the Cornell University Collections I The Later Kings. Wilfred van Soldt. 2015. Pp. xii + 585. Pl. 21. ISBN 978-1-934309-62-9 Archaic Cuneiform Tablets from Private Collections Salvatore F. Monaco. 2016. Pp. x + 310. ISBN 978-1-934309-65-0 Mesopotamian Incantations and Related Texts in the Schøyen Collection A. R. George. 2016. Pp. xiv + 196. Pl. 151. ISBN 978-1-934309-66-7 Early Dynastic and Early Sargonic Administrative Texts Mainly from the Umma Region in the Cornell Cuneiform Collections Palmiro Notizia and Giuseppe Visicato. 2016. Pp. xii + 312. ISBN 978-1-934309-70-4 Assyrian Archival Texts in the Schøyen Collection and Other Documents from North Mesopotamia and Syria A. R. George, Thomas Hertel, Jaume Llop-Raduà, Karen Radner, and Wilfred H. van Soldt. 2017. Pp. xxii + 136. Pl. 92. ISBN 978-1-934309-71-1 Sumerian Administrative and Legal Documents ca. 2900–-2200 BC in the Schøyen Collection Vitali Bartash. 2017. Pp. xviii + 536. ISBN 978-1-934309-73-5 Old Babylonian Texts in the Schøyen Collection. Part I: Selected Letters A. R. George. 2018. Pp. xiv + 192. Pl. 263. ISBN 978-1-934309-75-9 Sumerian Literary Texts in the Schøyen Collection. Part I: Literary Sources on Old Babylonian Religion Christopher Metcalf. 2019. Pp. xii + 152. Pl. 54. ISBN 978-1-57506-730-8 Elementary Education in Early Second Millennium BCE Babylonia Alhena Gadotti and Alexandra Kleinerman. 2021. Pp. xviii + 284. Pl. 25. ISBN 978-1-64602-138-3 Old Babylonian Texts in the Schøyen Collection. Part 2: School Letters, Model Contracts, and Related Texts A. R. George and Gabriella Spada. 2019. Pp. xvi + 232. Pl. 65. ISBN 978-1-57506-725-4