Edmund Pendleton, 1721–1803: Volume II Edmund Pendleton, 1721–1803: A Biography, Volume II [Reprint 2014 ed.] 9780674337152, 9780674335943

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Edmund cPendleton 1721-1803 A Biography

VOLUME TWO

EDMUND

PENDLETON

Sdmund Pendleton 1721-1803

A Biography by

DAVID JOHN MAYS

VOLUME TWO

H A R V A R D

U N I V E R S I T Y

C A M B R I D G E ,

PRESS

M A S S A C H U S E T T S 1952

COPYRIGHT, 1 9 5 2 , B Y DAVID J O H N M A Y S

Distributed, in Great Britain by

GEOFFREY CUMBERLEGE Oxford University Press London

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD N U M B E R 5 2 - 5 0 3 6 COMPOSED AND PRINTED B Y T H E W I L L I A M BYRD PRESS, INC.

Qontents Chapter Ι II

Page LIBERTY OR DEATH T H E SECOND CONGRESS

3 19

ΠΙ

A CIVILIAN MAKES W A R

37

IV

T H E SHIRTMEN T A K E NORFOLK

66

T H E STRUGGLE TO CREATE AN A R M Y

86

Ν VI VII VIII IX Χ XI XII

T H E BRITISH FLAG COMES D O W N

103

T H E JEFFERSON REVOLUTION BEGINS

126

INVALIDED

144

FIRST JUDGE OF THE HIGH COURT OF CHANCERY

155

T H E BACKWASH OF W A R

169

T H E CASE OF THE PRISONERS

187

INTERLUDE

203

XIII

T H E FEDERALISTS PLAN THEIR BATTLE

217

XIV

T H E FIGHT FOR RATIFICATION

228

T H E " S C U F F L E " FOR K E N T U C K Y VOTES

242

T H E BATTLE OVER THE JUDICIARY

256

" T H E REMONSTRANCE" AND THE N E W COURT

273

A N O L D RIVALRY RENEWED

290

T H E FIGHT AGAINST CENTRALIZED POWER

303

XX

T H E DANGER N O T OVER

318

XXI

T H E JUDGE'S LAST CASE

337

NOTES

351

BIBLIOGRAPHY

407

INDEX

431

XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX

Illustrations E D M U N D PENDLETON

Frontispiece

From a miniature by William Mercer, made in Pendleton's advanced age, and the only likeness made from life; reproduced by permission of the owner, Mrs. Lewis H. Bosher, of Richmond, Virginia. Page " A V I E W OF THE G R E A T BRIDGE NEAR N O R F O L K IN V I R G I N I A "

66

Clinton Map, No. 281; reproduced by permission of the owner, The William L. Clements Library, Ann Arbor, Michigan. GEORGE W Y T H E

From a reproduction by Miss Catherine Carter Critcher of a portrait which formerly hung in Wythe House, at Williamsburg, Virginia; reproduced by permission of the Virginia State Library.

294

Edmund Pendleton 1721-1803 A Biography

ft ft ft 1 ft Tür ft

Liberty or Φeath In these periods of agitation, men forgive all to one who represents without compromise or diminution their own dominant passions. Vehemence of character counts for more than completeness of doctrine, and they crave a battle-cry, not a dissertation.—MORLEY

Ν the morning of March 6, 1775, horsemen streamed out of the town of Richmond, forded Shockoe Creek, and climbed the wooded hill to the east, on the crest of which stood St. John's Church. T h e y were the leaders of restive Virginia, for Richmond had been chosen as the site of the second of the conventions of representatives of the people, since it could not be reached readily by the forces at the command of Governor Dunmore, and St. John's had been pressed into service because the straggling town had no building commodious enough for the delegates. At the election in January Pendleton had been chosen, as a matter of course, as one of the two delegates from Caroline, and took his place in the Convention as one of the recognized leaders of its moderate element. In fact, most of the old crowd were back, and all that was necessary to perfect organization was to put Peyton Randolph in the chair by acclamation, appoint a clerk, and adopt bodily the rules and orders of the House of Burgesses.1 Randolph laid before the Convention the proceedings of the Congress and discussion of them became the first order of business. Approval was no rubber-stamp affair, for there were two days of explanations and discussion before the Convention formally approved the measures adopted at Philadelphia and thanked the delegates by name for their services. Meantime, however, the returning delegates had received several testimonials of hearty approval.2 The people of Cumberland concluded theirs by saying, " W e beg leave

4

Edmund Pendleton

to assure you, that we shall be ready to risk our lives and fortunes in your defence, when any personal insult shall be offered you by the tools of an incensed arid corrupt administration."3 Probably Pendleton remembered promises like that as he hurried to the hills six years later to escape Cornwallis's army. For three days the moderates had the Convention well in hand. It was on Thursday that trouble began. That morning there was laid before the House a copy of a petition from Jamaica to His Majesty. 4 Its contents must have been familiar to every member already, since it had appeared in the press three weeks before, and a casual reading would show its two fundamental weaknesses.5 One was the pledge of non-resistance. Certainly, that did not fit Virginia, where companies were drilling on every hand, and where, six years before, Wlshington had expressed the determination to resist by arms if necessary.6 The other was the assertion that the rights of the colonists rested upon "the legal grants of the Crown." The Virginians looked, not to royal grants, but to the British Constitution, and, when that was not broad enough to support their arguments, they fell back on natural right, on which nearly any argument could be based. Although dissatisfied with these weaknesses in the Jamaica petition, the Convention resolved to send that colony its "unfeigned thanks, and most grateful acknowledgments" for "their truly patriotic endeavours to fix the just claims pf the colonists upon the most permanent constitutional principles." The resolve ended with the words: "it is the most ardent wish of this Colony (and we are persuaded of the whole Continent of North America) to see a speedy return of those halcyon days when we lived a free and happy people." 7 The moderate element had thought the word "endeavours" a neat way of thanking the Jamaicans without subscribing to theil arguments. Patrick Henry, however, thought the resolve dangerous and wished to put the Convention on record with something far stronger. After getting recognition from Randolph—the same man who had so bitterly opposed him on the Stamp Act Resolves—he began to read: Resolved, That a well regulated militia, composed of gentlemen and yoemen, is the natural strength, and only security, of a free government; . . . That the establishment of such a militia is, at this time,

Liberty or Death

5

peculiarly necessary . . . Resolved therefore, That this colony be immediately put into a posture of defence . . . .8 This was poison to Pendleton. To him it was contrary to every principle of statesmanship and shocked common sense. No good could come of prophesying war. A petition had been sent to His Majesty. Was not Henry, as a member of the Congress, bound to wait for a reply from him? Even though armed resistance should prove necessary, why speak openly of it now? Henry had demanded the raising of two regiments of troops for defense. How could two regiments resist armies whose banners had stormed Quebec and Louisbourg; floated in victory over Guadeloupe, St. Vincent, Havana, and Manila; and carried the field at Plassey? Moreover, how could the towns of America, all within pistol shot of navigable water, resist the fleet that had so lately swept every sea and founded the world's greatest empire? How could a people without arms, or industry, or revenue, make war upon the mightiest power on earth unless they were assured of help from France and Spain? And could the Americans be sure that a tyrant in Paris would aid America to freedom? Or that a Spain of oppression and Inquisition would aid a few distant Protestant rebels? Why talk openly of resistance and arming two regiments? Surely, Henry knew (even though the House of Burgesses later tried strenuously to prove otherwise)9 that troops were then being organized in the counties to further the work of the local committees. Indeed, Colonel Washington, himself, said that "a great number of very good companies were raised in many Counties" before the Convention had recommended such action.10 At least six of them had sought him to command them.11 Then why complicate the present controversy by waving a red flag? Why not arm quietly? Why go on record?12 Bland, Nicholas, Harrison, and Pendleton argued and explained;13 but Henry would not hear. A year later, when Independence stared him in the face, he would draw back from feaf of that same Britain, unless he could be assured first of allies. But now he was on fire and would heed nothing. "Henry did not originate the spirit of resistance," says one historian, but "merely made it reckless, demanding instant action, and that suited the temper of a great number of Americans in that trying hour."14

6

Edmund Pendleton

There could be no stopping him. Beginning slowly and with voice low-pitched, as was his custom, he developed his arguments with an ever-increasing tempo until he and most of his audience were swept away in a great wave of feeling. N o one could blame the rank and file of delegates for succumbing to the inspired effort of the most consummate orator and actor of the age. Even the cold type is stirred into life as Henry's speech approaches its climax. They tell us, sir, that we are weak—unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger? . . . Sir, we are not weak, if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. Three millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. There is a just God who presides over the destinies of nations; and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat, but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged. Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable—and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come! It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace,—but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? . . . Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death.15 Those who heard Henry's speech in St. John's Church never forgot the impression it made. Edward Carrington, who listened through an open window, was so transfixed that he expressed the wish that he might be buried at that spot, a wish that was fulfilled at his death thirty-five years later. 16 An old clergyman "felt sick with excitement" as#Henry took his seat. " E v e r y eye yet gazed entranced on Henry," he wrote. "It seemed as if a word from him would have led to any wild explosion of violence. Men looked beside themselves." 17 But one delegate laconically jotted the events of the day into his diary as follows: "Dined at Mr. Patrick Coote's and lodged where I had done the night before." That was Wash-

Liberty or Death

7

ington. He could not make a speech; yet, when fighting time came, he was the Revolution. When Henry sat down, that majority which had wished "a speedy return of those halcyon days" was ready to go on record to prepare for war. A torrent of natural eloquence had won. But history is more than a series of brilliant speeches, and it should not be treason to the memory of schoolboy histories to analyze them in the cold light of fact after the orator's voice has died away. Henry had appealed to his hearers as though they were running from battle and submitting to the yoke of tyranny. Yet no one was retiring from the contest, as he had shouted; no one was retreating; no one was submitting to slavery. The more moderate members, who opposed the defense resolution, had just come from the active work of furthering the purposes of the Association in their respective counties and of raising and training the independent companies which were to defend the Colony if need be. Henry had predicted war and asked that the Convention go on record as favoring the arming of two regiments of militia to meet invasion. It was obvious, however, that going on record would minimize the chance of a peaceable solution; and, if war was inevitable, two regiments—at that time, little more than a thousand men in all—would be entirely inadequate for the defense of a colony as vulnerable as Virginia. That was so manifest to Nicholas that he took the floor and urged the Convention to raise immediately at least 10,000 men—perhaps, even 20,00018—a force that could quickly drive the small British forces then available into the sea. Moreover, he pointed out that troops could be raised easily during the first flush of enthusiasm, whereas, as the struggle went on, recruitment would prove a grave problem. It is generally overlooked by historians that Nicholas went far beyond Henry. The Convention recognized the force of Nicholas's argument, but none of the leaders would go so far as he, and the resolution, as finally adopted, provided for "such a number of men as may be sufficient" for the purpose.19 Here, as in the Stamp Act dispute, the difference between Henry on the one hand and Pendleton and his fellow-moderates on the other was one of method. Although neither man was given to surrender, Henry was quick to give battle, while Pendleton was cau-

8

Edmund Pendleton

tious until he found that the battle could not be avoided. There is little doubt that Pendleton had Henry in mind some years later when he voiced disapproval of those who rushed into "rash measures," 20 and there can be no doubt that he regarded Henry as something of a demagogue. The differences between the opposing groups did not grow out of timidity on the part of one and courage on the part of the other. Henry simply was tired of waiting for Parliament to convene and send its reply; he would slam the door on any hope of peace, which he now felt sure could not be preserved. Henry wished to serve notice that war had begun; Pendleton preferred not to weaken the position of the Congress by taking notice of the preparations for resistance already going on in Virginia. Henry thought that a spark was sure to begin a general conflagration (and he proved to be right); while Pendleton thought, or hoped, that conflict could be avoided, and was unwilling to take any open steps leading to war. He would still wait for redress of grievances, although he could hardly guess what the Ministry would do. His conjectures were briefly summarized in a letter dated only three days after the Convention adjourned. I have not time [he wrote] to give you a history Of our proceedings which you'l have from better hands, nor am I able to form even a probable conjecture what Parliament will determine on the subject of our dispute. If I was to attempt it, I should guess they would not repeal the Acts, or attempt to execute them by Force, but trie who could longest endure the Commercial Struggle, and as we have resolved not to trade with Great Britain, Ireland & the West Indies, they will prohibit every other kind of foreign trade.21 Although Henry's eloquence had won the Convention over to a formal recognition of the necessity of arming the men who were already being armed, his supporters were stunned over one rumor about his intentions. For an unfriendly observer wrote: "What flattened them all down was a hint of a Plea to be presented by P. Henry, no less than the taking of Government into their hands appointing Magistrates and levying money." 2 2 N o one was ready for that; no one advocated separation from Britain. Many years later Pendleton summarized his own attitude in these words:

Liberty or Death

9

Under the Regal Government I was a Whig in principle—considering it as designed for the good of society, and not for the aggrandizement of its officers, and influenced in my legislative and judicial character by that principle. When the dispute with Britain began, a redress of grievances, and not a revolution of Government was my wish: in this I was firm, but temperate; and whilst I was endeavouring to raise the spirits of the timid to a general united opposition, by stating to the uninformed the real merits of the dispute, I opposed and endeavored to moderate the violent and fiery, who were plunging us into rash measures, and had the happiness to find a majority of all the public bodies confirming my sentiments; which, I believe, was the corner stone of our success.23 This policy infuriated Philip Mazzei, a volatile Florentine, who dabbled volubly in Virginia affairs for a time and became a sort of professional friend of Jefferson's. Mazzei did some articles on political questions and took it upon himself to appear in good Anglican pulpits, from which he gave considerable comfort to the Dissenters. He claimed that Pendleton had circulated a report that he, Mazzei, wished to introduce popery in Virginia, and that he was in correspondence with the British ministry.24 Mazzei became one of the few enemies Pendleton ever had, and in one of his letters made this comment about him: I felt it my duty to strip off his mask, for his doctrines could have undermined us. In every circumstance, he recommended "moderation," so that if he had been able to influence the opinion of the people the English could have conquered us without opposition. Men of clear vision called him "Moderation," instead of Pendleton.25 But the radical Jefferson came ultimately to see Pendleton's view. Writing many years later, Jefferson said of his first paper dealing with the rights of the colonies, A Summary View of the Rights of British America: Mr. Henry probably thought it too bold, as a first measure, as a majority of the Members did. . . . tame sentiments were preferred, and, I believe, wisely preferred; the leap, I proposed, being too long as yet, for the mass of our citizens. The distance between these and the Instructions [to the delegates to the first Congress] actually adopted is of some curiosity, however, as it shows the inequality of pace with which we moved, and the prudence required to keep front and rear together.26

10

Edmund

Pendleton

The reason that Pendleton's moderate group continued in control is easy to understand. The Virginia leaders of that day always kept their eyes on Europe and had a far keener realization of the forces at work there than did American politicians during the century following the Napoleonic era. Local news was confined to a paragraph or two, and almost never made the front page of the gazettes which were reserved for foreign news and political articles. Moreover, during the years preceding the Revolution no leaders worthy of the name would confess themselves ignorant of the standard authors on government, and they knew that liberty is a fitful flame that burns only here and there in the world. On the continent it hardly existed: certainly not in Spain; nor in those petty states which were the pawns of neighboring powers, and located in that part of Europe that was called Italy only as a matter of geographical convenience; nor in Prussia, whose law was the mere whim of Frederick the Great, who made and unmade churchmen, soldiers, and ministers, as it suited his fancy; nor in Russia, where Catherine the Great was building up a powerful aristocracy and linking its fortunes with her own, thereby crushing any spark of liberalism for more than a century. Poland was an object lesson before Pendleton's eyes. Its nine million people—or at least its nobility, which numbered about oneeighth of the whole—had enjoyed a great measure of liberty, since the king was elective, and since nothing could be done without the assent of the Diet in which the vote had to be unanimous. The Poles had insisted upon casting off all kinds of restraint, so that there was no one to command; and, although a people of undoubted valor in war, they were an easy prey to powerful neighbors. Only two years before Henry had shouted for liberty or death, Poland had tasted death because she would not pay the price of liberty: Catherine of Russia, Frederick of Prussia, and Maria Theresa of Austria had moved in and made the first partition of unhappy Poland. It was only in Great Britain, among all the great states, that liberty lived and flourished. There was unequal representation in Parliament, it was true; there was too much privilege; there was rampant bribery and corruption; still, Britain led the way, as it had done persistently through five centuries of steady progress to-

Liberty or Death

11

ward liberty. The Virginians were the proud heirs of the fruits of the long struggle; and more, they had been able in a broad new land of opportuntiy to make it possible for the common man to obtain a degree of liberty that was quite unknown "at home." They had become so accustomed to doing largely as they pleased, that they were easily irked by any restraint from overseas. But they were not fools. They knew that in a troubled world the thin fringe of colonists along the Atlantic seaboard was better off under Britain than alone, or under any other power. Even Jefferson still desired dependence upon England, as did Henry in his more sober moments. It is easy to see, therefore, why Pendleton, who desired "a redress of grievances, and not a revolution of Government," soon came to the forefront in Virginia and remained there until he turned over the reins of government to the newly-created Commonwealth in the summer of 1776. Although opposed to Henry's resolve, Pendleton, Nicholas, and Harrison were placed on the Committee to put the Colony in a state of defense. Henry's grandson and chief biographer assumes that the inclusion of Pendleton proves that he had been won by Henry's oratory.27 Not likely. There is no record of any instance in which Pendleton was won over by Henry's eloquence. Moderate and conservative, as well as radical, members were placed on the Committee so that the leaders of all shades of opinion would be represented and the Colony would have the benefit of the experience and wisdom of all, and because they were the men of business to whom Virginia turned when the decision had been made and trusted leaders were needed to carry it out. it

it

it

The report of the Committee on Defense set forth the facts that everybody already knew—the alarming unpreparedness, such as America has since faced on the eve of each of her wars. "Necessary disciplining the militia has been much neglected," so the report ran, "and a proper provision of arms and ammunition has not been made, to the evident danger of the community in case of invasion or insurrection." It then recommended to the people of the Colony to do what they were already doing—to form "one or more volunteer companies of infantry and troops of horse in each county, and

12

Edmund Pendleton

to be in constant training and readiness to act on any emergency." The Tidewater Counties were asked to organize troops of horse, while those to the north and west were urged to "pay a more particular attention to the forming a good infantry." The recommendations were significant, for, unlike the militia, the volunteer companies would not be under the Governor's command, but responsible only to their County Committees, themselves extra-legal bodies. Then, it would be only a step, if a crisis should come, to form a single Committee of Safety for the whole Colony to take over direction of the forces already training.28 The Convention then reelected to Congress the seven members who had served before. The Journal does not show the votes cast, but a loose sheet in the miscellaneous papers of the Convention has the following tabulation: 107 106 105 103 100 94 90

Peyton Randolph George Washington Patrick Henry R. H. Lee Edmund Pendleton Benj. Harrison Richard Bland

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Nelson Francis L. Lee James Mercer Archd. Cary Dudley Digges

18 16 3 3 I I

Pendleton had moved ahead of Harrison and Bland, who had been his seniors in the first Congress.30 it

357 Braddock's Road, I, 136, 327 Bradford, William, II, 21, 22 Bradford, William, Jr., II, 354, 360 Bradley, William, I, 359 Braxton, Carter, 1,180,183, 197, 198, 205, 210, 359; II, 36, 40, 5J, 76, 107, 134, 291, 360, 368, 370, 372 Braxton, George (and Estate), I, 144, 183, 193, 197, 334, 359, 370; II, 40 Braxton, Mary Carter, II, 40 Braxton v. Gregory, II, 290 Breckenridge, James, II, 255, 268, 394 Breckenridge, John, II, 394 Brent, Robert, II, 368 Brent, William, I, 359 Bristol (Eng.), I, 145, 324 Bristol (Va.), I, 70 Bristol merchants, I, 115 British merchants, I, 114, 137, 144, 145, 148, 167, 258, 259, 266, 267, 268, 297298, 301, 304, 323, 324; II, 119 British Ministry, I, 69, 157, 160, 173, 252, 258, 259, 271, 272, 298; II, 27 British naval operations, I, 123, 269-270; II, 44-60 passim, 68-99 passim, 114, 115, 116, 170, 171-172, 174, 367, 369, 370 British Parliament, I, 81, 156, 167, 249, 252, 269, 270, 272, 274, 288, 298, 329, 344. 348; Π, 10, 27 Broaddus, John, II, 382 Brockenbrough, Austin, I, 351 Brooke, Francis Τ., I, 339; II, 285, 399 Brooke, George, I, 192, 211, 218, 220, 333. 335, 338, 339. 34°. 358, 359 Brooke, Sarah, I, 37

Index Brown, Henry, I, 359 Brown, Hugh, 1,325 Brown, John, II, 348 Brown, Sarah, I, 50 Bruton Parish Church, II, 406 Buchanon, Col. John, I, 87, 231; II, 185 Buckingham County, I, 213; II, 134, 362 Buckner, Richard, I, 13, 51, 58 Buckner, Samuel, Estate, I, 359, 370 Buckner, Thomas (and Estate), I, 58, 183, 263, 359

Buckner, William, I, 58 Buckner Plantation, I, 13 Bucktrout, Benjamin (?), II, 366 Bullett, Thomas, II, 42, 43 Bullock, Rice, II, 268 Burgoyne, Gen. John, II, 147, 166 Burk, John Daly, II, 14 Burk, Captain Thomas, II, 360 Burke, Edmund, I, 306 Burke, Gov. Thomas (of N.C.), II, 382 Burk's Bridge, I, 54, 74 Burlamaqui, Jean-Jaques, I, 244 Burnley, Zachariah, I, 370 Burnside v. Reid, II, 293 Burr, Aaron, II, 44 Burrows's Reports, II, 301 Burwell, Carter, I, 67, 92 Burwell, Lewis, I, 145, 176, 180, 183, 184, 209, 213, 341, 3J9

Burwell, Nathaniel, I, 360 Burwell, Robert, I, 359 Byrd, Braxton, I, 359 Byrd, Mary, I, 335 Byrd, William, II, I, 11, 16, 17, 23, 70, 144, 225, 236, 341

Byrd, William, III (and Estate), I, 138,

144, 181, 184, 190, 197, 203, 204, 206, 212, 213, 328; II, 2 1 1

Cabell, Samuel, Jr., II, 391 Cabell, Col. William, II, 36, 40, 55, 76, 360, 391, 393

Caintuck Road, I, 71 Calabar, I, 8 Call, Daniel, I, 230; II, 285, 286, 301, 385, 386, 387

Calvert, John, II, 97 Camden, Susan, I, 4 Campbell, Alexander, II, 285 Campbell, Archibald, II, 75 Campbell, Christian, I, 360 Campbell, Col. William, II, 44, 360, 372 Canada, II, 29

435

Cape Verde Islands, 48 Capitol (at Richmond), II, 228, 288, 347 Capitol (at Williamsburg), I, 62, 90,184, 224, 253, 254, 257, 259

Cargill, Cornelius, I, 361, 371 Carlyle, Major John, I, 84 Caroline County: agricultural and economic problems, I, 95, 99, 115, 119, 138, 143, 256, 273, II, 157-158, 167, 181,

203, 204; Alien and Sedition Acts, Memorial concerning, II, 312-313; The Association (1770), I, 259-260; Boston, declaration concerning, II, 274-275, 288; County Committee (of Associa-

tion), I, 299-306, 351-352, II, 12, 14,

18, 31; County Court, I, 16, 25-28, 39, 40, 42-58, 107, 108, 315, II, 210; Court of Claims, I, 60-61; creation, I, 311; description, I, 6-12, II, 144, 181-182, 340; federal constitution, opposition to adoption, II, 222-223; Gabriel's rebellion, II, 328, 329; Genet, resolves concerning, II, 307-309; House of Burgesses, elections, I, 59, 312, 317; for House of Delegates, II, 148; Independent Company of, II, 14, 17,30, 37, 43; Jefferson supported for president, II, 329-331; militia, I, 21-22, 120, II,

163; Pendleton's address to people of, II> 3I5"3I7'> religious movements, I, 262-265, 267, II, 388; slave population, I, 119; Yorktown campaign, effect of, II, 170-178 passim Carrington, Edward, II, 6, 225, 392 Carrington, Paul, I, 162; II, 36, 40, 66, 76, 191, 197, 224, 228, 267, 270, 274, 275, 298, 299, 341, 342, 348, 360, 363

Carter, Charles, I, 66, 85, 91, 92, 133, 136, 150-151, 175, 180, 259, 337, 361, 370;

II, 40, 382 Carter, Charles, Jr., I, 144, 183, 211, 218, 337, 360 Carter, Charles III, I, 146, 147 Carter, Charles (of Stafford), II, 45, 328 Carter, Jesse, II, 380 Carter, John, I, 214 Carter, Landon, I, 8, 66, 67, 68, 82, 83, 85, 92, 101, 128, 175, 231, 257, 258, 328, 340, 345, 360; II, 49, 357, 358, 368, 382

Carter, Robert ("King"), I, 92 Carter, Robert, of Nominy, I, 342; II, 362, 370

Carter, Robert Wormeley, II, 357, 358 Carter (French agent), II, 175, 176, 383

436

Index

Cary, Archibald, I, 176, 177, 180, 181, 184, 205, 213, 249, 252, 253, 268, 346, 360; II, 12, 74, 95, 103, 104, 120 Cary, Judge Richard, II, 192, 196, 224, 386 Cary & Co., I, 326 Cary, Robert & Co., I, 323 Case of the Prisoners, II, 187-202, 385387 Catlett family, I, 13, 126 Catlett Plantation, I, 13 Caton, John, II, 188, 189, 202 Caton v. Commonwealth, II, 187-202, 385-387 Chamberlayne, Thos., I, 360, 371 Chancellors' Revisal of laws, II, 212-214 Charles City County, I, 119, 335 Charleston, I, 132; II, 117, 182 Charlottesville, I, 222; II, 172, 173, 184, 328 Charlton, Edward, I, 184, 361 Chase, Samuel, I, 293 Chauncey & Barclay, I, 86 Chesapeake Bay, I, 7, 281; II, 85, 86, 174. 178 Chester (Pa.), I, 281 Chesterfield County, I, 119; II, 340, 353 Chew, Chief Justice Benjamin, I, 292 Chew, Joseph, I, 348; II, 357, 372 Chickahominy River, I, 61, 62; II, 94, 173 Chiles, Fleming, I, 203 Chiles, Henry, I, 371 Chiswell, Col. John, I, 182, 203 Chiswell, Mrs. John, II, 202 Christian, Francis, I, 361 Christian, Col. William, II, 384, 387 Churchill, Armistead, I, 144, 183, 360, 361 Churchill, John, I, 183, 361 Churchill, William, I, 183, 215, 360 Cipher used in correspondence, II, 389 City Point, II, 367 Claiborne, Augustine, I, 360, 371 Claiborne, Philip W., I, 180, 360 Claiborne, Major Richard, II, 382 Claiborne's Ferry, I, 62 Clark, Col. George Rogers, II, 214, 370 Clark, Hezekiah, I, 235 Clark, Capt. (of the Tom), I, 269 Clay, Henry, I, 229 Clayton, John, I, 8 Clergy, Plea of, I, 43-44

Clinton, Gov. George (of N.Y.), II, 226, 227, 233 Clinton, Gen. Henry, II, 87, 89 Clopton, John, I, 349 Clopton, William, I, 349 Cobham, II, 55, 70 Cocke, Bowler, Jr., I, 183, 360 Cocke, James, I, 180, 181, 183, 184, 186, 187, 192, 205, 338, 358, 360 Cocke, James & Co., I, 183, 360, 371 Cocke, Mrs. , I, 320, 336 Cockran v. Street, II, 293 Coins used in Va., I, 1 1 1 - 1 1 2 Coke, Sir Edward, I, 243; II, 140, 200 Coke, Dr. Thomas, II, 338 Coleman, Francis, I, 251, 256 Coleman, Richard, I, 361 Coleman, Richard Lont, I, 360 Coleman, Thomas, I, 361 College, The, see William and Mary College Collier, William, I, 361 Collins, Joseph, I, 314 Collins, Richard, I, 360 Collins's Pond, I, 56, 316 Colly, James Ε., I, 266 Colona, Frank W., II, 390 Committee of Correspondence, II, 48 Committee of Safety: British naval operations, II, 23, 48, 50, 51, 5j, 60, 75, 113; commodity price rise, II, 48-49, 116; Culpeper battalion, II, 43, 44, 86; economies practiced, II, 95-96; expenditures summarized, II, 95, 119-120; Great Bridge, battle of, II, 68, 71-73, 74, 364, 379; Hampton, operations around, II, 52-53, 78; Gen. Chas. Lee's criticism and praise of, II, 99-100, 102; mail intercepted and censored, II, 59, 60, 363; membership of committee, II, 39-41, 76; militia protests calls to service, II, 117; Norfolk expedition, II, 52-61, 68-76; Norfolk, proclamation concerning, II, 57-58; officers, Continental commissions to, II, 90; paper money, credit of maintained, II, 96; peace overtures from Dunmore, II, 87-90; post established, II, 70; row galleys provided, II, 97; supplies sought from French and Spanish colonies, II, 113-115; supply shortages: arms, II, 47, 49, 94, blankets and rugs, II, 94-95, cloth, osnaburgs, II, 49, gunpowder, II, 46, 48, 52, 93, 94, 97, 112,

Index Committee of Safety (continued) 113, 366, lead, II, 93, 366, nails and scrap iron, II, 112, ordnance, II, 112, rations, II, 47, 365, salt, II, 47-48, jo, 78, 82, 93, 94, 112, 366; travel restrictions, II, 57, 58-59; troops: controversy over command, II, 53, 61-65, 395 Great Bridge, Battle of the, II, 68, 7173. 74. 364, 379 Great Britain: liberty, its struggle for, II, IO-II; military activities, II, 5, 15, 16, 23, 145, 146, 162-163, I7°> 171-180,

441

Great Britain (continued) and see British naval operations, French and Indian War, Committee of Safety; regulatory acts of, and resistance thereto, I, 157, 249, 253, 270, 272, 274, 275, 276, 295, 301, 356, and see Associations against British Goods, Continental Congress, Stamp Act controversy; trade with Virginia, I, 1 1 , H I , 112, 113, " 5 . '37. '45. 2 6 5 266, 331, and see British, Glasgow, and London merchants, William Allason, John Backhouse, Hanburys, Norton & Sons, John Norton & Sons, Tobacco; see also British Ministry, British Parliament, Jay Treaty, Lords of Trade and Plantations Great Lakes, I, 123 Green, Duff (and Estate), I, 362, 371 Greenbrier Co., I, 203, 372 Greenbrier River, I, 69 Greene, Gen. Nathaniel, II, 44, 171, 178, 182, 237, 282 Gregorie, James, II, 362 Gregory, William, I, 173 Grenville, George, I, 159 Griffin, Cyrus, II, 276 Griffin, John Taylor, I, 191, 333 Griffin, Col. William, I, 202, 334 Griffith, Rev. David, II, 117 Grigsby, Hugh Blair, I, 29, 227, 341; II, 65, 67, 125, 227, 2j6, 368, 393 Groome, Zachary, I, 362 Grymes, Benjamin, I, 144, 182, 183, 184, 209, 213, 214, 362, 371; II, H I Grymes, Mary, I, 362 Grymes, Philip (and Estate), I, 214, 362, 371 Grymes & Thornton, I, 362 Guilford, II, 244 Guinea, I, 8 Gunpowder, seizure by Dunmore, II, 13 Gunpowder shortage, II, 46, 48, 52, 93, 94, 97, 112, 113, 366 Guy, John Η., I, 338; II, 371 Gwynn's Island, II, 117 G , George, I, 37, 38 Hackley, Ann, I, 195 Halifax, Earl of, I, 329, 331 Halifax County (Va.), I, 87, 320 Halifax (N.C.), II, 116 Half King, I, 80 Halley, Ben, I, 262

442

Index

Halroyd, Jack, II, 355 Hamilton, Alexander, II, 44, 227, 277, 305, 306, 307, 309, 310, 3 1 1 , 3 1 2 ,

392,

399 Hamilton, John, I, 89 Hammond, Capt., II, 89 Hampshire County, I, 277; II, 355 Hampton, II, 43, 52, 53, 60, 78, 80, 86, 89, 3 6 1 , 3 6 5

Hanbury, Capel, I, 213, 215 Hanbury, Osgood, I, 213, 215 Hanburys, I, 323, 328, 329 Hancock, John, II, 21, 369 Hanover County, I, 15, 29, 30, 40, 54, 61, 86, 9 5 , 9 9 , 1 0 0 , 1 1 9 , 1 2 6 , 1 3 5 , 200, 2 0 6 , 263, 93,

313, 134,

320, 172,

385; 178,

II, 187,

32, 39, 48, 338,

74,

382

Hanover Town, II, 38, 39, 43, 178, 360 Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor, II, 301 Hardy, Samuel, II, 194, 386, 387 Hare, William, I, 363 Harford, Edward, I, 145, 189 Η armer, John, I, 86 Harris, Rev. Samuel, I, 262 Harris, William, I, 263 Harrison, Benjamin, I, 144, 176, 246, 2 7 7 , 279, 280, 283, 284, 296, 297,

II,

363;

5, 1 1 , 1 2 , 30, 147, 2 1 2 , 2 1 3 , 2 1 5 , 370,

372, 383, 387, 390

Harrison, Carter Β., II, 331 Harrison, Carter Η., I, 363 Harrison, Henry, I, 124 Harrison, Nathaniel, I, 363 Harrison, Richard, II, 113, 114, n j Harrison, William, I, 195 Hartford (Conn.), I, 279 Harvie, John, II, 397 Harwood, John, I, 372 Harwood, William, I, 363 Hathaway, John, I, 363 Havana, II, 214 Hawkins, John, II, 42 Hawkins, Martin, I, 372 Hay, Anthony, I, 255, 363, 372 Hay, George, I, 204, 334, 339; II, 284, 285

Hay, William Β., II, 403 Hazelwood, II, 288 Heard, Thomas, I, 107 Hemp as cash crop, I, 159, 165 Hendricks, James, II, 175, 382 Henrico County, I, 119; II, 45, 169, 327 Henry, James, II, 386

Henry, Patrick: burgess, I, 1 6 1 - 1 6 7 , *72> 200, 246, 268, 329; character, I, 240, II, 132, 322, 323; Commander-in-chief of Va. forces, II, 3 2 - 3 4 , 3 5 , 4 2 , 4 9 , 53. 54. 55. 6 1 " 6 4. 6 6 , 6 7 , 6 8 , 7 4 , 7 5 , 7 8 - 8 1 , 8 4 , 86, 90, 9 1 , 9 2 , 94,

364-365;

delegate to pre-Revolutionary conventions, II, 4 - 1 2 , 3 8 , 1 0 3 - 1 1 1 , 1 2 1 , 123, 124, 354; delegate to Congress, I, 277, 280, 281, 283, 284, 28J, 287, 290, 293, 296, 297, 3jo, II, 12, 20, 21, 170; delegate to Convention of 1788, II, 2 1 7 , 2 1 9 - 2 7 1 passim, 3 9 3 ; Federalism, became convert to, II, 322, 323; Governor of Va., II, 123, iyj, 157, 163; gunpowder seizure, action following, II, 1 6 - 1 7 , 4 6 ; lawyer, I, 2 3 8 242, 248, 342, II, 193, 297; lottery, manager of, I, 3 3 6 ; orator, I, 1 6 1 - 1 6 7 , 1 7 2 , 3 2 9 , I I , 6, 1 3 0 , 2 3 2 , 2 5 3 - 2 5 4 ,

265,

329, 353, 358; Roane, Spencer, fatherin-law of, II, 300, 348; Robinson Estate, debt to, I, 184, 363; Stamp Act controversy, his conduct in, I, 161167; mentioned, II, 346, 36t, 362, 364, 391. 392 Henry, William Wirt, I, 158, 349; II, 33, 104, 1 0 7 , 1 2 4 , 368

Herbert, David, I, 335 Herbert, William, I, 335 Herkimer, Gen. Nicholas, II, 146 Hessian prisoners, II, 177, 178 Hewick, I, 311 Higginbotham, Major James, II, 360 High .Court of Chancery, II, 1 5 1 - 1 5 2 , 156, 158, 1 8 1 , 210-216, 274, 381,

386

Hill, Joseph, I, 363 Hill, Thomas, I, 363 Hill v. Gregory, II, 290 Hill & Braxton v. Southerland's Ex'ors., II, 2 9 0 Hillsborough, Lord, I, 249, 254, 255, 321, 344. 345 Hillsborough (N.C.), II, 185 Hinde, Doctor Thomas, I, 196, 372, II, 295-296, 399

Hinde case, I, 196 Hlaes, Thomas, I, 310 Hobb's Hole, I, 30, 107, 135, 171 Holdernesse, Lord, I, 78, 81, 319 Holiday, Joseph, I, 372 Holliday, John, I, 363 Holloway, John, I, 224, 225 Holman, Nathaniel, I, 363

443

Index Holmes, Thomas, I, 363 Holmes v. Walton, II, 198 Holston River, I, 70 Honeyman, Robert, II, 166, 167, 175, 366

Hooe's Ferry, II, 17 Hoomes, Capt. Benjamin, II, 158, 379 Hoomes, George, I, j8, 87 Hoomes, John, I, 140; II, 205, 206, 326, 403

Hoomes, Joseph, I, 58 Hoomes, Priscilla, I, 31 Hopkins, Joshua, II, 188, 189, 202 Hopkins, William, I, 224, 225 House of Burgesses of Va.: Botetourt's instructions concerning, I, 250; ceremonies, I, 63-65, 252; Committee of Correspondence, I, 268, 270, 271; rules of order, I, 2J7, 345; last meeting, II, 103; see also French and Indian War, Pistole fee controversy, Stamp A c t controversy House of Delegates of Va.: Convention of 1776, essentially a continuation of, II, 132; creation, composition, and powers, II, 123, 132-133; Warden's comments upon, II, 398; see also General Assembly of Va. (Commonwealth) Howe, Col. Robert, II, 69, 70, 71, 75, 86, 96, 97, 366

Howe, Gen. William, II, 56, 146, 147, 362, 377 Hubbard, Benjamin, I, 33, 73, 115, 183, 184, 207, 208, 219, 222, 223, 363; II, 173 Hudson River, II, 23, 29 Hughes, William, I, 363 Hulton, Jornechio de, I, 309 Hurt, Rowland, II, 370 Hunt, Thomas, II, 370 Hunter, James, I, 182, 335, 352, 363 Hunter, James, Jr., II, 366 Hunter, Patrick, I, 352; II, 354 Hunter, William, I, 363 Huntingdon, Countess of, I, 241 Hurt, Isabella, I, 5 Hurt, John, II, 22,380 Hutchings, Col. Joseph, II, 55 Hyers v. Wood, II, 278 Independence, Va. resolutions on, II, 106-111

Independent Companies in counties, II, 5, 3I-32

Indian Will (a servant), I, 109 Indians: allies of colonists, I, 134; Catawbas, I, 125; Cherokees, I, 70, 118, 125, 257, II, 112-113; depredations of on frontier, I, 73, 94, 103, 118, 123, 126, 145, 273; Dunmore's efforts to win, II, 58; Dunmore's W a r against, I, 304; laws regulating, I, 45, 46; Mingoes, II, 58; scalps of, bounties for, I, 94-95, 97,

128-129,

325-326; trade with, encouraged, I, 128; Tuscaroras, I, 8; see also French and Indian W a r Indigo, I, 132, 142, 294, 295; II, i i j Ingles, William, I, 363 Innes, Harry, I, 140, 327; II, 325, 380, 390, 403

Innes, Col. James, I, 84, 140, 327; II, 221, 224, 268

Innes, Col. James (of N.C.), I, 319 Innes, Robert, Estate, II, 157, 165 Iredell, Justice James, I, 242 Ireland, I, 295; II, 29 Irish hirelings, I, 48 Island Road, I, 70 Italy, I, 304 Ivey Church, I, 54 Jackson, Andrew, II, 334 Jamaica, II, 4, 29 James I, I, 4 James, Phoebe, I, 314 James City County, I, 200, 247, 299 James River, I, 113, 204, 206, 260, 266; II, 31, 39, 60, 84, 87, 94, 97, 98, 187 Jameson, James, I, 318 Jamestown, II, 55, 60, 174 Jamieson, Neil, I, 232; II, 75 Jarratt, Devereux, I, 262 Jay, John, I, 285, 287, 289; II, 252, 253, 310, 311, 320, 381

Jay Treaty, II, 310-311, 320 Jefferson, Peter, I, 311, 363 Jefferson, Thomas: Association, member of, I, 274; burgess, I, 253, 256, 268, 270, 271; cabinet, retirement from, II, 310; Committee of Safety, defeated for, II, 12; Congress, member of, II, 103; Constitution of Va., suggestions for, II, 120, 121; court reporter, I, 237, 238, 239; courts, memo rel. closing, I, 247; entailed estates, abolition of, II, 138; Established Church, tax support of, abol-

444

Index

Jefferson, T h o m a s (continued) ished, II, 1 3 3 - 1 3 7 , 337; foreign affairs, comments upon, II, 207; France, minister to, II, 224; G o v e r n o r of Va., II, 170, 1 7 1 , 180, 184, 185, 214; Great Britain, attitude toward, II, 11, 26, 38; H e n r y , Patrick, accounts of, I, 239241, 242, 342, II, 63, 64; House of Delegates, member of, II, 133-138, 149, 1 5 1 , 153; judicial system of Va., establishment of, II, 1 5 1 - 1 5 2 ; judiciary, pronounced himself unfitted for, II, 131; judiciary, views rel. as bulwark against anarchy, I, 168; laws, revision of, II, 1 3 1 , 138-143, 1 5 8 - 1 6 1 , 2 I 3> 34 8 , 3 7 6 ; lawyer, I, 232, II, 193; Mazzei, friend of, II, 9, 373; Moore, Bernard, trustee for, I, 206; monetary system, establishment of decimal, II, 208; Page, John, friend of, II, 4 1 ; Pendleton, correspondent of, II, 206; Pendleton, opinion of, II, 126, 130, 140; pre-Revolutionary convention, member of, II, 354; President, elected, II, 3 3 1 - 3 3 3 ; Republican Party leader, II, 307, 308, 309, 312, 315, 317, 318, 319, 320, 324, 329-330; Revolution, typified spirit of, II, 132; Secretary of State, II, 320; Stamp A c t , his account of debate on, I, 162, 163, 329, 330; V i c e President, II, 3 1 1 , 326; Williamsburg, his description of, I, 62; mentioned, I, 158, II, 35, 106, 122, 232, 308, 360, 361, 363, 372, 373, 379, 382, 389, 391, 392, 396, 400, 403 Jenkins, , I, 124 Jerdone, Francis, I, 96, 142, 325, Jervis, Thomas, II, 361 Johnson ( J o h n s t o n ) , George (a m a n ) , I, 330, 363 Johnson, John, II, 363 Johnson, Philip, I, 363 Johnson, Thomas, I, 34, 45, 58; Johnson v. Macon, II, 278 Johnston, George (of Fairfax), 33° Johnston, Johnston, Johnston, Johnston, Johnston, Johnston, Johnston,

352 work-

II, 104 I, 162,

"Huckster," II, 166 J o h n (of Caroline), I, 372 J o h n (of Gloucester), I, 372 Robert, II, 12 Stephen, I, 372 William, I, 57 Zachariah, II, 225

Jones, Mrs. Cornelia Pendleton, 1, II, 389 Jones, Edmund (or E d w i n ) , I, 363, Jones, Gabriel, II, 225 Jones, Hugh, I, 20 Jones, Joseph, II, 35, 63, 76, 81, 1 7 1 , 206, 225, 328, 358, 382, 389 Jones, Owen, I, 18 Jones, Philip, I, 361, 363, 372 Jones, Skelton, II, 159, 379 Jones, Col. Thomas, I, 284-285; II, 284, 398 Jones, W a l t e r , II, 398 Jones, William, I, 326 Jordan, Lewis, I, 159 Judah, Mother , I, 352 Justinian, II, 139, 140

314; 372

170,

210,

Kaskaskia, II, 214 Kellum, Capt. (of A c c o m a c ) , II, 85 Kemp's Landing, II, 53, 73, 91 Kennedy, J . P., II, 398 Kennon, Patrick, II, 357 Kennon, Richard, I, 363 Kennon, Rodham, II, 12 Kennon, William, I, 210, 363 Kentucky, I, 140; II, 221, 234, 250-255, 393. 395 King, George H . S., II, 389 K i n g and Queen County, I, 6, 31, 54, 55, 61, 179-180, 184, 193, 198, 200, 205, 206, 3 1 1 , 384, 385; II, 43 King George County, I, 28, 29, 3 5 1 ; II, 18 King William County, I, 6, 28, 30, 62, 182, 184, 197, 200, 205, 3 1 1 , 385; II, 368 King's Bridge ( N . Y . ) , II, 23 King's Highway, I, 61 Kingsport ( T e n n . ) , I, 70 Kirkpatrick, Abraham, II, 383 Knox, H e n r y , II, 222 L a c y family, I, 309 Ladd's Report, I, 332, 336, 337, 338, 339. 34° Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul du Motier, Marquis de, II, 172, 173, 174, 193, 224, 382 Lake Erie, I, 78 Lake George, II, 23 Lamb, James, II, 188, 189, 202, 384 Lamb, G e n . John, II, 240, 241, 391, 393 Lamb & Younger, II, 403

Index Lancashire County ( E n g . ) , I, 3-4 Lancaster, House of, I, 309 Lancaster County ( V a . ) , I, 206; II, 43 Langford, M r . (music teacher), I,

'5

Lead mines, I, 188, 200, 203, 204-205, 372; II, " 3 Lead shortage, II, 93, 366 Lee, Arthur, I, 331 Lee, G e n . Charles, I, 306; II, 25, 94, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 107, 112, 116, 117, 193, 356, 367, 371 Lee, Francis L., II, 12 Lee, H e n r y ("Lighthorse H a r r y " ) , II, 220, 224, 237, 244, 246, 251, 256, 268, 368,382,391,393,405 Lee, H e n r y (debtor to Robinson E s t a t e ) , I, 184, 364 Lee, Richard, I, 145, 184, 364, 372 Lee, Richard H e n r y : burgess, I, 136, 151, 152, 1 57' !5 8 > I 0 2 . i 7 ö . '77> 245> 246, 268; Congress, member of, I, 131, 277, 279, 280, 283, 284, 287, 288, 290, 291, 293, II, 12, 14, 15, 21, 29, 103, 157; Constitution of U . S., ratification of, attitude toward, II, 218, 240; Convention, Ratification, absence from, II, 224; foreign alliances, desire for, II, 107; Nelson, Thomas, favored f o r Governor, II, 124; plan of government f o r Va., views on, II, 120; Robinson Estate, debt to, I, 184, 364; Speaker of House of Burgesses, aspired to be, I, 69; Stamp Act, conduct rel., I, 171; mentioned, II, 45, 70, 94, 105, 110, 114, 121, 145, 146, 147, 148, 157, 206, 207, 209, 361, 362, 364, 366, 367, 368, 369, 371, 377, 379, 389, 394, 403 Lee, R o b e r t Ε., II, 368 Lee, T h o m a s , I, 364 Lee, T h o m a s Ludwell, II, 36, 40, 69, 76, 99, 104, 121, 139, 141, 360, 369, 376 Lee family, I, 69 Leeds T o w n , I, 171 Legions, T h e , II, 179 Leigh, Benjamin Watkins, II, 405 Leslie, G e n . Alexander, II, 182 Leslie, Capt. (British A r m y ) , II, 72, 73 Lester's Ferry, II, 49 Lewis, Gen. Andrew, II, 92, n o Lewis, Anne, II, 397 Lewis, Charles, II, 391 Lewis, Fielding, I, 205, 364; II, 98

445

Lewis, John, I, 38, 226, 364 Lewis, Thomas, I, 70, 266 Lewis, W a r n e r , I, 364 Lewis, Zachary, I, 27, 30 Lexington (Mass.), II, 15, 19, 20 Ley, Thomas, I, 38 Lidderdale, Harmer & Farrell, I, 213, 320 Lidderdale, John, I, 86 Lightfoot, Armistead, I, 364 Lipscomb, Moses, I, 364 Little Falls, I, 95 Littlepage, James, I, 364 Littlepage's Bridge, I, 34, 40, 54 Liverpool merchants, I, 115, 137, 331 Livingston, W i l l i a m ( o f N e w J e r s e y ) , I, 287; II, 29 Loan-Office schemes, I, 98, 115, 119, 152-153, 174, 175-176 Lockett, Stephen, I, 372 Logan, Benjamin, II, 384 Logan, Miss — , II, 361, 362 Lomax, Lunsford, I, 34, 58, 59, 64, 65, 66, 69, 73, 86, 87, 92, 119, 140, 3 1 1 , 320, 364 Lomax, Thomas, II, 148, 149, 162, 383 London, I, 144, 305 London merchants, I, 115, 137, 323 L o n g Island ( T e n n . ) , I, 70; II, 384 Long, Col. Nicholas, II, 96 Longfellow, H e n r y W . , I, 325 " L o r d Dunmore's Ethiopian Regiment," II, 56 Lords of T r a d e and Plantations, I, 68, 149, 150, 152, 157-158, 174, 175, 256, 266, 268, 331 Loudoun, L o r d , I, 123, 125, 127, 128 Loudoun County, II, 15 Louisa County, I, 172, 233; II, 42, 328, 353. 33 Louisiana, II, 371 Loving, John, I, 364 L o w r y , Col. Thomas, I, 51 Loyal Company, I, 69, 203 Loyalists, II, 56, 58, 59, 60, 73, 75, 96, 101 -102, 118-119, 187-188, 364 Lunenburg County, I, 326 L y n c h , Charles, II, 112, 204 L y n c h , T h o m a s , I, 284 Lyne, M a j o r George, II, 43, 118 L y n e , H e n r y , I, 364 Lyne, John, I, 364, 372 L y n e , William, I, 57, 364 L y o n , Dixon, I, 372

446

Index

Lyons, James (son of Peter), I, 339 Lyons, Peter: Judge of General Court, I, 190, 192, 193, 385; Judge of Court of Appeals, I, 320, II, 195, 196, 199, 2 74. 2 75. 299. 341. 342. 348. 4°5; lawyer, I, 236, 332; Robinson Estate, administrator of, I, 179, 180, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 201, 204, 205, 220, 221, 22 3> 333. 335. 338> 339. 34°. H, 192, 209; sketch of, II, 297; mentioned, I, 334. 337. 348, 389 MacAlester, Hector, II, 362 MacCannon, Michael, I, 89 MacGraff, Michael, I, 89 McCarty, Gerrard, I, 365 McClurg, Dr. James, II, 391 McKendre, John, I, 365 McKensey, Jane, I, 48 McMiken, John, II, 363 McPherson, Archibald, I, 58 Macon, James, I, 365, 373 Madagascar, slaves from, I, 8 Madeira, I, 56, 99, 295 Madison, Col. James (father of Pres. Madison), I, 168, 169, 329, 330; II, 103, 173, 399 Madison, Pres. James: Bland, Richard, comments upon, II, 22; cipher used, II, 389; Congress (of Confederation), member of, II, 251, 253, 394; Congress of U.S., member of, II, 303, 305; Convention of 1776, member of, II, 103, HI, 133; Convention of 1787, member of, II, 218; Convention of 1788, member of, II, 204, 217, 224, 225, 229270 passim, 393; Genet, activities rel., II, 308, 324; House of Delegates, member of, II, 161, 322; military affairs, comments upon, II, 43, 45-46, 353; Report of 1799, II, 334; Republican Party leader, II, 324, 330; Robertson's School, student at, I, 140; mentioned, I, 161, 163, 242, 282, 329, 349, II, 21, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 177, 180, 181, 182, 183, 190, 191, 201, 206, 207, 211, 214, 218, 219, 220, 221, 225, 275, 2 77. 310, 353. 354. 355. 35». 37 2 . 382, 383, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 398, 399, 401, 402 Madison, James (cousin of Pres. Madison), II, 390 Madison's Report of 1799, Π, 334 Magdalen (ship), II, 13, 18, 32

Maio, Island of, II, 48 Manchester, I, 212; II, 328 Manchester Parish, II, 340 Mangohick, I, 384 Mansfield, William Murray, Earl of, II, 280, 301 Maracossic Creek, I, 31-32, 33, 54, 55, 61, 73, 141, 318, 384; II, 127, 165, 172, 325 Marriot, Obadiah, I, 40, 365, 373 Marshall, Humphrey, II, 268 Marshall, John, I, 218, 339, 340; II, 44, 128, 194, 224, 262, 268, 270, 276, 282, 283, 285, 286, 301, 390, 393, 404 Marshall, Capt., II, 149 Martin, Col. John, I, 312 Martinique, II, 46, 114, 115, 370 Maryland, I, 84, 88, 90, 120, 125, 133, 303; II, 23, 86, 87, 93, 98, H I , 115 Mason, David, I, 364, 372 Mason, George: burgess, I, 136; Committee of Safety, II, 36, 38, 40, 41, 76, 360; Convention of 1788, II, 219, 224-270 passim; Declaration of Rights, draftsman of, II, 120; Laws, revisor of the, II, 139, 140, 141, 160, 373-376; Mt. Vernon, visitor at, I, 277; preRevolutionary conventions, II, 34, 120, 121, 122, 358, 368; mentioned, II, 369, 393 Mason, Stevens Thomson, II, 225 Mason, Thomson, I, 230, 232, 239, 241, 242 Massachusetts, I, 275, 276, 279, 289, 348; II, 19, 20, 23, 26, 28, 226, 314-315 Mathews, Thomas, II, 263, 264, 266, 268 Mathews, Capt., II, 53 Mattaponi River, I, 6, 7, 74, 201, 215, 347. 348; Π, 94. 277 Matthews, Constantine, I, 36 Matthews, Col. Sampson, II, 384, 387 Mayo, William, I, 311 Maze v. Hamilton, II, 293 Mazzei, Philip, II, 9, 136, 373 Mecklenburg County, II, 45, 363 Megginson, William, I, 365 Mercer, Col. George, I, 152, 165, 166 Mercer, Gen. Hugh, II, 32, 33, 34, 92, 93. 99. 357 Mercer, James, I, 231, 242; II, 12, 36, 40, 41, 66, 76, 192, 193, 196, 198, 202, 2 6 2 7 . 99. 3 6 °. 3 6 3. 366, 369, 377, 387 Mercer, John, I, 26, 28, 29, 183, 216, 22 5> 364

Index Mercer, John Francis, II, 193 Meredith, Capt. Samuel, I, 326; II, 391 Meredith, Samuel, Jr., I, 364, 373 Meredith, William, I, 364 Metcalf, Thomas, I, 365, 373 Methodists, II, 135, 338, 340 Middlesex County (Mass.), I, 289 Middlesex County (Va.), I, 219, 274, 311,313·, II, 382 Mifflin, Thomas, I, 280, 292 Milford, II, 277 Miller, Simon, I, 36 Mills, James, I, 86, 147 Mills, regulation of, I, 55 Minor, John, II, 288 Minor, Joseph, I, 373 Mississippi River, I, 70, 78, 318; II, 221222, 242, 243, 250, 251-255 Mitchel[l], John, I, 365 Mitchell, John & Co. II, 362 Mitchell, Thomas, I, 365 Monongahela River, I, 88, 93 Monroe, James, II, 224, 248, 251, 253, 271, 288, 310, 326, 327, 328, 330, 396, 401, 402 Montagu, Capt. George, II, 364 Montague, Edward, I, 161, 331 Montague, Peter, I, 45 Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de, I, 244 Montgomery County, I, 203 Montpelier, I, 233; II, 173 Moon's Mount, I, 13-14, 311 Moore, Col. Andrew, II, 331 Moore, Col. Augustine, I, 322 Moore, Bernard, I, 144, 182, 184, 191, 205, 206, 209, 2ii, 335, 364, 371, 372 Moore, Bernard, Jr., I, 373 Moore, George & Co., II, 20 Moore, Samuel, II, 384 Moore, Thomas, I, 145, 182, 184, 206, 207, 211, 364, 373 Moreton, Andrew, I, 263, 346 Morley, John, II, 3, 290 Morris, John, I, 300 Morris, Robert, II, 102, 370 Morris, William, I, 136 Motteux, John & Co., II, 362 Mount Creek, I, 13 Mount Vernon, I, 277, 280; II, 35, 224 Muhlenburg, Gen. John Peter Gabriel, 11,145 Music, Ephraim, I, 373

447

Nansemond County, II, 59 Nathan, Simon, II, 214, 215, 216 Navigation Acts, I, 157 Needier, Alice, I, 365, 373 Nelson, Alexander, II, 93 Nelson, Horatio, ist Viscount, II, 280 Nelson, Gov. Thomas, I, 271, 342; II, 12, 32> 33. 34. 1 2 4. '57. 288> 3 8 2 . 3 8 3. 39" Nelson, Thomas, Jr., II, 288, 382 Nelson, William (Gov., President of Council), I, 345; II, 59 Nelson, Judge William, II, 193, 288 Nelson, Major, II, 383 Nero (slave of E.P.), I, 108; II, 140, 3 2 5. 344. 345. 377. 378 New Castle (Del.), I, 281 New Castle (Va.), I, 384; II, 16, 178 New England, I, 95, 284, 303; see also Boston, Boston Port Bill, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island New Gate Plantation, II, 325 New Hampshire, II, 20, 23 New Jersey, II, 111, 226 New Kent County, I, 8, 193, 274; II, 382 New Market Plantation, I, 8 New Orleans, I, 123; II, 214 New River, I, 203 New Town on Chester, I, 281 New York, I, 84, 125, 279, 282 303, 319;, II, 19, 23, 26, H I , 157, 178, 222, 226, 227, 233, 240, 314 Newfoundland, II, 29 Newton, , I, 97 Nicholas, Benjamin, I, 242, 243, 246, 249 Nicholas, George, II, 225, 231, 233, 238, 240, 244, 251, 254, 256, 260, 263, 266, 267, 270, 393 Nicholas, John, I, 365 Nicholas, Philip Norborne, II, 285 Nicholas, Robert Carter: burgess, I, 121, 125, 126, 133, 138, 253, 256, 257, 258, 208, 270, 271; Committee of Correspondence, member of, I, 268; Established Church, defender of, II, 136, 137; gunpowder incident, conduct concerning, II, 13, 16; High Court of Chancery, judge of, II, 153, 155, 156, 193, 386; House of Delegates, member of, II, 132, 134, 136, 137, 147; Inde>endence, his opposition to, II, 108; awyer, I, 230, 231, 232, 239, 312; preRevolutionary conventions, II, 5, 7, 11, 38, 66, 67, 103, 105, 106, 108, 353,

i

448

Index

Nicholas, Robert Carter (continued) 354; Treasurer of Va., I, 93, 188, 200, 222, 223, 258, 34j, II, 16, 46, 95, 99, 100; mentioned, I, 325, II, 156, 386 Nicholas, Wilson Cary, II, 225, 267, 354 Nichols, John, I, 373 Nicholson, Gov. Francis, I, 67 Nielsen, C., II, 362 Noble, Anthony, II, 93 Non-exportation to Great Britain, I, 2 74' 275> 2 76 Non-importation from Great Britain, I, 274, 276 Norfolk County (Eng.), I, 4, 17 Norfolk County (Va.), I, 10, 45; II, 30, 50-74 passim, 79, 81, 82, 86, 94, 112, ι ιό, 328 North Bottle Creek (Swamp), I, 33; II, 205 North Carolina, I, 71, 80, 81, 83, 101, 267, 293, 294, 319; II, 29, 46, 68, 69, 70, 71, 75, 87, 96, no, 115, 183-186 North, Lord, I, 299; II, 88, 89 Northampton County, I, 172; II, 98 Northern Neck of Virginia, I, 66, 171, 224; II, 100 Norton, John, I, 268, 299, 348; II, 371 Norton, John, & Sons, I, 107, 117, 232, 324, 328, 342; II, 46 Norton, John Hatley, I, 268, 348, 371 Norton & Sons, of London, I, 107 Northumberland County, I, 261 Norwich, Eng., I, 4 Nova Scotia, I, 123; II, 29

Office and Authority of a Justice of the Peace, The, I, 50 Ohio Company, I, 69, 73 Ohio River, I, 78, 93, 136, 319 Old, James, I, 352; II, 367 Old Mansion, I, 31 Oliver, Alexander, Estate, I, 365, 373 Onslow, Arthur, I, 64 Orange County, I, 45, 100, 262, 351; II, 43. 3 I2 > 391 Ordinaries, regulation of, I, 52 Osborne's Warehouse, I, 113, 266 Oswald, Col., II, 240 Oswego, I, 123 Otter (ship), II, 57, 60, 72 Owen, Richard, I, 300 Ο—, Mary, I, 37, 38 Packe, Mrs., lodgings, I, 34, 63 Page, Alice Grymes, II, 41

Page, John, I, 176, 366; II, 36, 40, 41, 55, 69, 76> 83, 94, 97, 99, 106, 205, 333, 360, 364, 366 Page, John, Jr., II, 148, 149 Page, Mann, I, 365; II, 41 Page, Robert, I, 312, 365 Page's Warehouse, I, 99, 100 Paine, Robert Treat, I, 279 Paine, Thomas, II, 171 Pamunkey River, I, 6, 14-15, 34, 40, 61, 62, 206, 348; II, 39, 94 Paper money, depreciated and called in, II, 169-170 Papists, I, 119-120 Parker, James, II, 354 Parker, Josiah, II, 368 Parker, William, I, 51 Parker, Capt., II, 53 Parsons, James, I, 366, 373 Parson's Cause, I, 239 Passatank Creek, I, 13 "Patriarchal Address," II, 315-318 "Patriot Blues," I, 121 Patteson, Capt. (of Buckingham County), II, 95 Patton, Col. James (and Estate), I, 70, 217, 231, 318; II, 383 Patty, James, I, 46, 70, 87, 217, 231, 318 Patuxent River, I, 280 Payne, John Elliott, I, 365 Payne, William, I, 195 Payne & Co., I, 306 Payne, , II, 99, 100 Peachy, Capt. William, I, 124 Peacocke, Samuel, Estate, I, 365, 373 Pemberton, J., II, 355 Pendle-hill (Lancashire, Eng.), I, 3 Pendleton, Betsy, I, 140 Pendleton, Catherine, I, 138-139 Pendleton, Charlotte, I, 314, II, 406 Pendleton, Dwight, I, 313 Pendleton, Edmund: Address to Citizens of Caroline, An [1798], II, 315-318 Address . . . to the American Citizens, on the Present State of our Country [1799], II, 319-324 ancestry, I, 3-5 appearance, I, 11-12, 229, 241, 283 355, II, 126, 227, 368 apprenticeship, I, 12-24, 355 Associations against British goods, an organizer of, I, 258, 259, 270, 300

449

Index Pendleton, Edmund

(continued)

Autobiography, I, 355-357, II, 289 beef and oats sold to Army for depreciated currency, II, 171, 172 birth, I, 6, 355 Bland, Richard, loyalty of to Patriot cause doubted II, 22 book, purchases, I, 63 Boston, call to other colonies on behalf of, I, 271 Boston Port Bill, account of its effects in Va., I, 272-273 Bowling Green Academy, patron of, II, 277 boyhood, I, 7-12, 341 burgess: elected to House from Caroline, I, όο, 119, 136, 250, 256, 356; at times sole active burgess for Caroline, I, 325; Carter, Landon, accused Pendleton of compromising with Parliament, I, 257-258; corn, drafted bill to regulate price of, I, 96; Council, emissary to, I, 96; Governor, emissary to, I, 83, 90, 253; Governor, prepared addresses to, I, 75, 76-77, 79, 151, 152, 253, 257; hurricane of 1769, on committee to determine losses from, I, 256; Indians, drafted bill to prevent cruelties by, I, 94-95; Indians scalps, drafted bill offering rewards for, I, 325-326; loan-office scheme, proponent of, I, 98, 119, 153, 174; military expenditures, on committee to supervise, I, 94, 118, 123-125; militia, on committee to examine claims of, I, 119; militia, drafted bill to regulate, I, 79; money bills to finance war, drafted, I, 79, 90-93, 94. " 9 . ΐ33-·34. 136-137; paper money, address to British merchants rel., I, 150-151; paper money, address to Governor rel., I, 151, 152; paper-money forces, a leader of, I, 149; paper money, signer of for financing war, I, 130, 131, 137138; his parliamentary skill, I, 153154; Randolph, Peyton, nominated for reelection as Speaker, I, 252; Royal Americans, drafted bill to raise troops for, I, 125; seat of government, his effort to remove, I, 154; slaves, address to His Majesty to prohibit importation of, I, 265-

Pendleton, Edmund

(continued)

266; Stamp Act, address to His Majesty and Memorials to Lords and Commons in opposition to, I, 157-158; Stamp Act resolutions, account of, I, 161; Stamp Act resolutions, not present at adoption of, I, 163; standing committee assignments, I, 64-65, 88, 154, 254, 256, 269, 326, 346, 348; Townsend Acts, preparation Memorial and Petition concerning, I, 249; Treasury accounts, examination, I, 161, 325; Treasury notes, replied to Governor rel. issuance of, I, 150; wounded men, examination of claims of, I, 8 9 Caroline County Committee, chairman of, I, 300, II, 12,14 Caroline County Court, justice of, I, 42-58, 60-61, 72, 77, 87, 90, 104, 118, 123, 126, 131, 135, 159, 168-171, 264-265, 266-267, 273, 277, 305-306, 315, 356; II, 100, 125 Caroline County Court of Claims, justice of, I, 60-61 Caroline, County Lieutenant of, I, 356 Caroline Court Martial, clerk of, I, 355 Caroline Independent Co., purchased equipment for, II, 17, 30, 37; thanked by, II, 37; escorted to Potomac by, on journey to Philadelphia, II, 17 Carter, Landon, criticized by, I, 67, 257-258 character, habits, traits: not avaricious, I, 261; constantly employed and constantly happy, I, 122-123; enjoyed good company, I, 196; "kindest friend . . . most amiable and pleasant of companions," II, 126; liked young people, II, 128; enjoyed a bit of gossip, I, 206; "labour was his delight," I, 66; assumed problems of lesser men, I, 57; retentive memory, I, 357; of "docile and unassuming mind," I, 357; mental acuteness continued throughout life, II, 347; loved pleasantry, I, 66; enjoyed reading, I, 317, II, 400 (but see I, 227); religious, I, 227, 277, 357; liked

450

Index

Pendleton, Edmund (continued) simple, inexpensive pleasures, I, 261; of calm temper, I, 357; liked good wine, I, 63, 317, II, 166, 203 churchman: devotion to Established Church, I, 33, II, 337; his efforts to preserve it, II, 133-137, 338"339 cipher sometimes used in correspondence, II, 389 Committee of Safety: elected to, II, 12, 36, 76; president of, I, 356, II, 38; see also Committee of Safety Congress (1774): elected to, I, 277, 356; expenses provided, I, 277; "the penman for the business," I, 290; journey to Philadelphia, I, 280-282; asked committee to determine weight of colonies for purpose of proportionate representation, I, 285; on committee to consider rights of colonies, I, 287-288; spoke on trade, I, 294; return from, I, 296, 297 Congress (1775): elected to, II, 12; journey to, II, 17, 30; lived in marquee in Philadelphia, II, 26; maintained moderate viewpoint, II, 29; on committee to prepare address to people of Great Britain, II, 29-30; presented "Motion" covering a plan of action, II, 26-28; opposed Washington for command of army, II, 24-25; prepared Washington's acceptance speech, II, 25, and will, II, 24; departure for Virginia, II, 30; refused reelection to, II, 35 Constitution of U.S., ratification (Convention of 1788): importance of his support, II, 218-224; arrival in Richmond, II, 227; elected President of Convention, II, 228; participation in debates, II, 230, 231, 2 35" 2 3 6 . 237» 249t 25°> 2 5 8 " 2 59. 261262, 263; voted for adoption, II, 268269; supported amendment to prevent direct taxation by federal government, II, 270-271; certified Convention's action to Congress, II, 269; farewell speech to Convention, II, 271-272 Court of Appeals (to 1789): presiding judge of, I, 356, II, 165; resigned, II, 275; see also Caton v. Commonwealth, II, 190-202, and

Pendleton, Edmund (continued) Remonstrance of the Court of Appeals Court of Appeals (from reorganization in 1789): elected to, II, 274; qualified, II, 275; President of, I, 356, II, 276; reversals of Wythe on appeal, II, 274, 290-297; his decisions, rarely overruled by his successors,' II, 277-278; traits as a judge, II, 278-279, 280, 281, 285-286, 398, 399, 400; see also Court of Appeals credit good in England, I, 145 The Danger Not Over written to cure defects in Constitution, II, 333336 death and burial, II, 345-349, 405, 406 Declaration of Rights, his contribution to, II, 122 disabled soldiers, his interest in, II, 158 Dissenters, prosecution of, I, 264-265, 266-267 Dunmore called "Wronghead," II, 30 education, I, 19, 22 entailed estates, his effort to preserve, II, 138 federal judgeship, refusal of, II, 275276, 397 financial difficulties, I, 68, 86, 87, 104, 115, 123-124, 126-127, 146, 260 flight from British, II, 4, 173, 174 Fredericksburg, advice to troops at, II, 14, 15 Genet, prepared Caroline resolves rel., II, 307-309 Great Britain, attitude toward: an accommodation his wish, II, 28, 29; redress of grievances sought, I, 11, 357; had moderate views, II, 9; a Whig in principle, I, 357, II, 9 health, II, 35, 39, 208-210, 219, 256, 331; see also Invalidism Henry, Patrick: compared with, I, 172, II, 7-8; views concerning, I, 242, II, 8, 64, 92, 163, 170; supplied with law books, I, 239; traveled with, to Philadelphia, I, 278, 280-282 High Court of Chancery, Chancellor of: elected "First Judge" of, I, 356, Π. r53> i5S; qualified as, II, 155; work on its bench, II, 210-216; opinion in Black case, II, 211-212;

451

Index Pendleton, Edmund (continued) salary paid in tobacco, II, 169-170, 381; resignation from, II, 274 House of Delegates: Speaker of, II, 132-133, 147, 356; defended Established Church, II, 133-137; defended primogeniture, II, 141-142; favored assize plan for courts, II, 152; views on draft legislation, II, 150

Independence, drafted resolutions for, II, 1 0 7 - m , 368 invalidism, I, 356, II, 144-149, 37 6 Innes, Judge Harry, advice to, II, 325 Jefferson, Thomas: relations with, I, 239; gave first opportunity in House of Burgesses, I, 253; urged for judiciary, II,· 131, 372; criticized for leaving Congress, II, 170; tried to clear his name as war governor, II, 180; advised concerning rules of procedure for U.S. Senate, II, 326; served with, in revising laws (see Revision of the laws of Virginia); opposed his bill to abolish entails, II, 138; opposed his effort to deprive Established Church of tax support, II, 133-137; supported him for President, II, 330-332 Jones, Joseph, correspondent of, II, 171, 206

judiciary bill, aided in preparing first federal, II, 303 land holdings: in Caroline, I, 33, 7273, 135-136, II, 205; in Halifax County (Va.), I, 87, 320; Western lands, I, 68, 69-71, 73, 123, 183-186,

383-384; disposed of by gift, I, 141, II, 344, 384, 397; disposed of b y sale, II, 183, 184, 383, 384; disposed of b y will, II, 324-325 Lafayette's troops, comments upon, II, 172 law students, I, 138-139, 243, 244 lawyer: admission to bar, I, 23-24, 355; qualification in Caroline, I, 25; practice in county courts, I, 25-31, 39, 313, 355-356; practice in General Court, I, 34, 39-40, 72, 122, 126, 128, 135, 138, 166, 232-233, 251, 342-343,

356; rivalry with W y t h e , I, 230; Deputy Attorney for Lord the King, I, 35; handled against Landon Carter, I, 248,

226Our suit 345;

Pendleton, Edmund (continued) representative clients: William Alfason, I, 146, Joseph Ball, I, 97, 233234, Humphrey Bell, of London, I, 30, John Buchanon, I, 231, John Gawith, of London, I, 269, Bernard Moore, I, 182, William Preston, I, 231, Walker Taliaferro, I, 237, Thos. & Jos. Wharton, II, 19, George Washington, I, 234, II, 24; fiduciary matters: Battaile Estate, I, 72, Richard Taliaferro Estate, I, 87, 320, Robert Innes Estate, II, 165, see also Robinson, John, Estate; termination of practice, II, 154, 155; mentioned, I, 68, II, 83, 148 Lee, Richard Henry: correspondent of, II, 45, 94.. I0 5> r 57; 2°7i support sought by in obtraining amendments to U.S. Constitution, II, 218219

Loan Office, deposited funds in to help war effort, II, 168 Loyal Co., member of, I, 69 Madison, James (President): intimate correspondent of, II, 206, 207, 389; help in ratification of U.S. Constitution asked by, II, 220; aided in first Judiciary Bill, II, 303; induced by him to write pamphlet on Genet, II, 308; beaten in contest over Established Church, II, 133 Madison, Col. James (father of President) : correspondence over the Stamp A c t , I, 168-169, 169-170; E .

P.'s visit to Montpelier, II, 74 Mattaponi River, interest in navigation of, I, 74 Mazzei a severe critic, II, 9, 136 Milford, a trustee to lay out town of, Π, .^77 militia of Caroline, Colonel of, I, 139, 2 66

mill of, I, 54, 55, 56, 316, II, 172, 175 Montpelier, visit to, II, 174 Nathan case, opinion in, II, 214 "Patriarchal Address," see Address to Citizens of Caroline Pendleton family, adviser to, II, 205206, 388

Pendleton, town of, named for, II, 390

planter: management of Edmundsbury usually left to overseers, I,

452

Index

Pendleton, Edmund (continued) 103; need f o r large cash crop, I, 104; marketing tobacco, I, 117; wind damage to crop, I, 131-132; tobacco abandoned f o r wheat, I, 1 1 7 ; condition of plantation in 1782, II, 204-205; see also Edmundsbury, Pendleton's slaves (infra), Tobacco Pollard, Sarah, happily married to, 3 1 ! 355. Π. I 2 7 pre-Revolutionary conventions, member of, I, 276, 356, II, 3, 8, 32, 35, 66-67, 77. 103-105, 122, 354, 368; elected Pres. of 4th Conv., II, 66-67, of the 5th, II, 103-105 Presidential elector (1800), II, 330, 33 1 privateering, venture in, II, 1 1 4 - 1 1 5 , 369-370 public library, advocated, II, 301 public matters, observations upon: assumption of state debts by federal government, II, 305, 306 avarice of the people, II, 167 Caroline, economic distress in, II, 203 compacts must be based on interest, II, 131 courts, closing, I, 168 debt, public, payment of, II, 388 divorces, no power in Assembly to grant, II, 210-211 French and Indian W a r , pessimism over, I, 132 frontier, criticized defense of, I, 103 gambling f o r high stakes condemned, II, 168 government, powers should be strictly limited, II, 130 Great Britain and Spain, hope of accord between, II, 381 Indians, objected to tribute to, II, 401 interstate commerce, danger of regulation of, II, 208 legislative studies between sessions of Legislature suggested, II, 208 Loyalists, return of confiscated property to, II, 388 monetary system, new decimal, II, 207-208 national banks, constitutionality of, II, 30J

Pendleton, Edmund (continued) Public Good, his reply to, II, 171 Quakers, criticism of, II, 146 representative preferable to popular government, II, 130-131 reprisals against British advocated, II, 369 Stamp A c t unconstitutional, I, 168171 tariff, II, 303-304 tax, income, II, 208 tax on land, inequalities of, II, 378 trading with enemy, II, 167 treating at elections, I, 317 Treaty of 1783, II, 388 Virginia, conditions in (1780), II, 170 W a r expenditures, amount of, II, 168 See also, II, 315-318, 319-324, 333336, and Great Britain, attitude toward, infra revision of V a . laws, his participation in, see Revision of the laws of V a . Richmond, city of: authenticated map of, II, 210; his companionship there, II, 287; his lodgings there, II, 2 87 Robinson, Benjamin, see Apprenticeship Robinson, John, relations with, I, 65, 67-68, 69, 210; see also Robinson, John, Estate Robinson, John, Estate, administrator of: request to act as, I, 179; his qualification, I, 180; had chief burden of administration, I, 185, 186, 194, 195, 331; compensation as, I, 194; his debt to Estate, I, 183, 202; his borrowing from Estate, I, 196; see also Robinson, John, Estate. R o y , Elizabeth: marriage to, I, 29, 355; administration of her estate, I, 3° R o y family, relations with, I, 313 St. Mary's Parish, clerk of vestry of, I, 18-20, 355 sheriff, refused office of, I, 51, 125 slaves, I, 107, 108, 182, II, 325, 344, 383, 405 song, desired to publish, II, 379 speaker, ability as a, I, 277, 283, II, 130 speculations, I, 269; see also Surety

Index Pendleton, Edmund

(continued)

for others (infra) and Land holdings (infra) Stamp Act declared unconstitutional, I, 170-171 Staunton, visit to, II, 174 surety for others, I, 85-87, 261, 315, 320, 328 Taylor, John, of Caroline: reared by E. P., I, 138-140; sold part of Western lands, II, 184; law student under, I, 244; employed as agent of Robinson Estate by, I, 187; defended by, II, 330; remembered by in will, II, 325 vestryman of Drysdale Parish, I, 33, II, 380 vestryman of St. Asaph's Parish, II, 380 Washington, George: helped by in House of Burgesses, I, 153, 154; journey with, to Philadelphia (1774), I, 278, 280-282; will written by, II, 24; opposed by for command of Continental Army, II, 24-25, acceptance speech therefor written by, II, 25; annual letter from, II, 310; correspondence between on public questions, II, 168, 304, 305306, 306-307, 309; support of, sought for Hamilton policies, II, 305; congratulated by upon retirement, II, 401-402 Williamsburg, his lodgings at, I, 34, 63 Wythe, George: rivalry at bar between, I, 39, 226-232; criticism of decisions of, II, 290-296; criticism of business methods of, II, 295-296; collaboration between in preparing Chancellors' Revisal, II, 213; for collaboration between in revision of laws (1777-1779), see Revision of the laws of Va.; pallbearer for, II, 348-349

Pendleton, Edmund, grandnephew of, II, 277, 325, 344 Pendleton, Edmund (of Laurel, Md.), II, 406 Pendleton, Edmund, Jr., (nephew of E.P.), I, 140, 141, 300, 327, 334, 338, 339» 34°. 348-. Π, 18, 44, 171, 179, 182, 287, 312, 325, 329, 382, 383, 397

453

Pendleton, Elizabeth Roy (ist wife of E.P.), I, 29, 30, 313, 355 Pendleton, George, I, 4 Pendleton, George, Jr., I, 4 Pendleton, Henry (1575-1635), I, 4 Pendleton, Henry (1614-1682), I, 4 Pendleton, Henry (1683-1721), I, 5, 6, 12 Pendleton, Henry (brother of E.P.), I, 228 Pendleton, Henry (son of James), II, 44

Pendleton, Judge Henry (of S.C.), son of E.P.'s brother Nathaniel, II, 44, 182, 383 Pendleton, Henry (unidentified), I, 159 Pendleton, Isabella, I, 6, 7 Pendleton, James (brother of E.P.), I, 6, 139; II, 44 Pendleton, James, Jr., II, 44 Pendleton, John (brother of E.P.), I, 6, 33, 144, 154, 180, 183, 315, 365, 373; II, 48, 312 Pendleton, John (son of John, and nephew of E.P.), II, 288 Pendleton, John (son of Edmund Jr., and grandnephew of E.P.), II, 325, 397

Pendleton, John (a nephew of E.P., but exact identity uncertain), I, 338 Pendleton, John (a grandnephew of E.P., but exact identity uncertain), II, 344

Pendleton, John, of Newport, (grandnephew of E.P.), II, 325 Pendleton, Mary (wife of John, nephew of E.P.), II, 288 Pendleton, Mary Taylor (mother of E.P.), I, 3, 5, 6 Pendleton, Nat W . (of Wytheville), II, 389 Pendleton, Nathaniel (the immigrant), I, 3» 5, 6

Pendleton, Nathaniel (brother of E.P.), I, 39; II, 44 Pendleton, Nathaniel, Jr. (nephew of E.P.), II, 44, 170,171 Pendleton, Phebe (wife of John, E.P.'s brother), I, 33 Pendleton, Philip (1654-1721), I, 3, 5, 6 Pendleton, Philip (nephew of E.P., and son of James), II, 44

454

Index

Pendleton, Philip (nephew of E.P., and son of Nathaniel), II, 44 Pendleton, Philip (nephew of E.P.), II, 384, 402

Pendleton, Philip C., I, 341 Pendleton, Sarah (2nd wife of E.P.), I, 31, 85, 102, 108, 140, 195, 327, 332, 339. 355; Π, « 7 . 149, ιJ4, 325, 344. 345. 397 Pendleton, William (nephew of Ε .P., and son of Nathaniel), II, 44, 388 Pendletons in Revolution, II, 44 Pendleton County formed, II, 210 Pendleton's Mill, I, 54, 56 Pendleton, town of, named for E.P., II, 390 Pendleton Township (Lancashire, Eng.), I, 309 Penn, George, I 54 Penn, John, I, 139, 140, 243, 267; II, 44,14J, 186

Penn, Moses, I, J4, 73, 139, 140, 243 Pennsylvania, I, 71, 88, 133, 136, 294, 303, 327; II, 20, 23, 93, 113, 11 j , 172, 226

Perkins, William, I, 352 Petersburg, I, 213, 266; II, 42, 187, 328, 359. 367 Pettingale, Elizabeth, I, 4 Pettingale, John, I, 4 Pettus, Sir John, I, 4 Phelp's Creek, II, 112 Philadelphia, I, 127, 271, 279, 297, 349; II, 3, 38, 93, 94, 215, 216, 217, 218, 356; see also Continental Congress Philips, Frederick, I, 373 Philips, Mourning, I, 195 Phillips, Gen. William, II, 171, 187 Philpott, Thomas, II, 361 Phoenix (privateer), II, 370 Pickering, Timothy, II, 312 Pickett, John, I, 42 Piles, Samuel, I, 36 Piscataway, I, 311 Pistole fee controversy, I, 68-72, 73-77, 82, 84-85

Pitman, James, I, 267 Pitt, William, I, 123, 131, 133, 147, 298, 299

Pittsylvania County, I, 298; II, 325 Plantation system, decline of, I, 142-155 Platonic Wife, The, I, 228 Pleasants, Robert, I, 346 Plowden's Reports, II, 400

Point Pleasant, I, 304; II, 31 Poland, II, 8, 10 Pole, Charles, I, 266 Polecat Bridge, I, 54 Polecat Swamp, I, 7, 127 Pollard, Ann, I, 139 Pollard, Joseph, I, 31, 355; II, 397 Pollard, Millie, I, 140, 141 Pollard, Robert, II, 397 Pollard, Sarah, see Pendleton, Sarah Pollard, William, I, 365 Pollard Family, I, 31 Pope's Chapel, II, 338 Port Royal, I, 13, 61, 65, 107, 116, 301, 302, 303, 313, 352; II, 157, 166, 172, 181, 326, 338

Porter, Benjamin (?), II, 391 Portsmouth, II, 50, 56, 101, 102, 162 Portugal, I, 99 Potomac River, I, 142, 143, 280; II, 18, 84,86

Powell, John, I, 36 Powell, Leven, II, 91, 365, 395 Power, Jack, I, 219 Power, James (and Estate), I, 66, 92, 366, 373; II, 297 Power v. Finnie, II, 278 Prentes, John, I, 299 Prentis, Joseph, II, 391 Prentis, , I, 362 Pre-Revolutionary conventions in Va.: (ist) August, 1774, I, 275-276, 294; (2nd) March, 1775, II, 3-12, 353-354". (3rd) July-August 1775, II, 32-36, 357-358; (4th) December, 1775-January, 1776, II, 66-68, 71, 76-78, 81, 83-85;

(5th)

368-369

May-July,

1776, II, 103-125,

Presbyterians, I, 95 Presidential election of 1800, II, 329332 Preston, William, I, 87, 103, 217, 231, 3 " . 325. 334. 341. 348, 3 239» 342 Randolph, John (son of Sir John), I, 205, 226, 239, 241, 242, 265; II, 38, 193 Randolph, John (debtor to Robinson Estate), I, 183, 218, 366 Randolph, John, Jr. (debtor to Robinson Estate), I, 366 Randolph, Peter, I, 115, 178, 180, 192, 194, 213, 366, 368, 374 Randolph, Peyton: Attorney-General of Va., I, 77, 179, 191; Association, Moderator for, I, 255, 259; Boston blockade, action rel., I, 271, 274; burgess, I, 92, 121, 133, iyi, 157, 162, 163, 187, 252, 253, 254, 340, II, 21, 326; Committee of Correspondence, member of, I, 268; Congress, President of, I,

455

Randolph, Peyton (continued) 277, 279, 280, 283, 296, 297, 298, II, 12, 19, 21, 26; England, mission to, I, 77, 82, 83, 94, 8j; gunpowder incident, advice to troops concerning, II, 13, 14, 15, II, 355; lawyer, I, 225-226, 232, 239, 312; "Patriot Blues," organizer of, I, 121; pre-Revolutionary conventions, member of, I, 275, 356, II, 3, 32, 66; Robinson Estate, debt to, I, 366; Robinson Estate, declined to act as administrator of, I, 191; sketch of, I, 225-226; Speaker of House of Burgesses, I, 187, 252, 253, 254, II, 326 Randolph, Richard, I, 180, 367 Randolph, Ryland, I, 366 Randolph, Thomas Mann, I, 213 Randolph, William, I, I, 93 Randolph, William (of Wilton), I, 92, 93. 2 I 3 Randolph, , I, 362 Rappahannock County, I, 5 Rappahannock River, I, 7, 8, 13, 25, 28, 61, 65, 69, 99, 107, 108, 142, 143, 165, 260, 311; II, 84, 86, 98, 204 Ravenworth, II, 45 Rawlins, Jeremiah, I, 374 Raymond, Lord, II, 301 Read, Edmund, II, 382 Receiver-General for His Majesty, I, 91. 174- 337 Reed, Clement, I, 325 Reed, Capt. Jacob, Jr., II, 241 Reed, Joseph, II, 364 Reedy Creek (on Holston), I, 70 Reedy Swamp (Caroline), I, 136 Reid, , I, 231 Remonstrance of the Court of Appeals, II, 273-274, 396 Revision of the laws of Virginia (17761779), II, 138-143, 158-161, 373-376 Rhode Island, I, 284; II, 23, 314 Richards, John, I, 367 Richards, John (of Essex), I, 367 Richards, W . Byrd, I, 366 Richeson, Η., I, 117 Richmond, city of: I, 114, 198, 206, 233, 242, 327, 334; II, 3, 38, 39, 48, 67, 155, 164, 172, 173, 187, 189, 204, 210, 227, 286-288, 324, 325, 327, 328, 398; see also Case of the Prisoners, High Court of Chancery, Convention of 1788, Court of Appeals, Turpin v. Locket, and Gabriel's Rebellion

456

Index

Richmond County, II, 87 Ritchie, Archibald, I, 30, 1 7 1 , 172, 269 Ritchie, Thomas, II, 334 Roane, John, I, 374 Roane, Spencer, II, 124, 194, 272, 299, 300, 322, 341, 342, 343, 348, 396, 402, 405 Roberts, John, I, 329, 332 Robertson, Donald, I, 139, 140, 244; II, 228 Robertson, Isaac, II, 277 Robertson School, I, 139-141, 244 Robinson, Benjamin, I, 12, 14, 16, 23, 65, 109, 3 1 1 , 312, 318, 355, 366, 370, 373 Robinson, Benjamin, family, I, 1 3 - 1 4 Robinson, Benjamin, Jr., I, 14, 332 Robinson, Charles, I, 14 Robinson, Christopher (1645-1693), I, 311 Robinson,

Christopher

(1681-1727),

I,

311 Robinson, Christopher ( 1 7 0 5 - 1 7 6 8 ) , I, 332, 366 Robinson, Christopher, J r . ( 1 7 5 4 - 1 7 8 4 ) , I, 218, 219, 332, 367 Robinson, H e n r y ( o f Hanover) I, 332, 3