Earth Sciences, Geography and Cartography English: Proceedings of the XXth International Congress of History of Science (Liège, 20-26 July 1997) Vol. X 2503513603, 9782503513607

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EARTH SCIENCES, GE OG RA PHY AN D CARTOGRAPHY

DE DIVERSIS ARTIBUS COLLECTION DETRAVAUX

COLLECTION OF STUDIES

DE L' ACADEMIE INTERNATIONALE

FROM THE INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY

D'HISTOIRE DES SCIENCES

OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE

DIRECTION EDITORS

EMMANUEL

ROBERT

POULLE

HALLEUX

TOME 53 (N.S. 16)

@I

BREPOLS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE XXth INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE (Liege, 20-26 July 1997)

~

VOLUMEX

EART H SCIENCES, GEOGRAPHY AND CARTOGRAPHY Edited by

Goulven LAURENT

@J

BREPOLS

The XXth International Congress of History of Science was organized by the Belgian National Committee for Logic, History and Philosophy of Science with the support of : ICSU Ministere de la Politique scientifique Academie Royale de Belgique Koninklijke Academie van Belgie FNRS

Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de la Ville de Liege Club liegeois des Exportateurs Cockerill Sambre Group Credit Communal FWO Derouaux Ordina sprl Communaute frarn;:aise de Belgique Disteel Cold s.a. Region Wallonne Etilux s.a. Service des Affaires culturelles de la Ville Fabrimetal Liege - Luxembourg de Liege Generale Bank n.v. Service de l'Enseignement de la Ville Generale de Banque s.a. de Liege Interbrew Universite de Liege L'Esperance Commerciale Comite Sluse asbl Maison de la Metallurgie et de l'Industrie Federation du Tourisme de la Province de Liege de Liege Office des Produits wallons College Saint-Louis Peeters Institut d'Enseignement superieur Peket de Houyeu "Les Rivageois" Petrofina Rescolie Academic Press Sabena Agora-Beranger SNCB APRIL Societe chimique Prayon Rupel Banque Nationale de Belgique SPE Zone Sud Carlson Wagonlit Travel TEC Liege - Verviers Incentive Travel House Vulcain Industries

© 2002 Brepols Publishers n.v., Tumhout, Belgium

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. D/2002/0095114 ISBN 2-503-51360-3 Printed in the E.U. on acid-free paper

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ...................................................................................................... 7 Goulven LAURENT

Natural History and its Applications in the" Philosophical Expedition " of Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira to Amazonia and the Mato Grosso (1783-1792) .................................................................. 9 Carlos ALMA