Earliest Christian History: History, Literature, and Theology. Essays from the Tyndale Fellowship in Honor of Martin Hengel 3161517431, 9783161517433
Martin Hengel (1926-2009) was a historian of the early church and ancient Judaism. His influence extended through his ma
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English Pages 696 [698] Year 2012
Cover
Widmung
Preface
Foreword
Table of Contents
MICHAEL F. BIRD and JASON MASTON: Introduction
I. Biography
JÖRG FREY, translated by VERENA ADRIAN: Martin Hengel as Theological Teacher
1. Unforgettable Scenes in the Beginning
2. The Legendary Advanced Research Seminar
3. Support and Challenge: Inspiration for Students
4. A Teacher of the Church
ROLAND DEINES: Martin Hengel: Christology in Service of the Church
1. The Beginnings
2. Christology as Focus
Conclusion
II. Christology
ROLAND DEINES: Chistology between Pre-existence, Incarnation and Messianic Self-understanding
1. Historical Research in the Service of Theological Truth
2. Jesus the Messiah
3. From "Charismatic Leader" to the "Son of God"
4. From Son of God to Pre-existence, Incarnation and Mediation in Creation
5. Incarnation and the Historical Jesus
Bibliography
SEYOON KIM: Jesus the Son of God as the Gospel (1 Thess 1:9–10 and Rom 1:3–4)
1. 1 Thess 1:9–10 a Summary of Paul's Gospel
2. Deliverance from God's Wrath through the Atonement of the Son of God
3. Deliverance from God's Wrath through the Intercession of the Son of God
4. The Son of God as the Gospel
5. Summary and Conclusion
Bibliography
III. Gospels
RICHARD BAUCKHAM: The Gospels of Mark: Origins and Eyewitnesses
1. The Gospels did not circulate as anonymous works
2. Was the author the John Mark of the New Testament?
3. Mark's connexion with Peter
4. Other eyewitnesses
5. Who was Mark
7. The Aramaic words of Jesus in Mark
Bibliography
RAINER RIESNER: Martin Hengel's Quest for Jesus and the Synoptic Question
1. The Hengel Quest for Jesus
2. Mark's Gospel and the Petrine Tradition
3. The Double Tradition and the Question of Q
4. What about the Lukan Special Tradition?
5. Conclusion
Bibliography
ANDREAS KÖSTENBERGER: John's Trasposition Theology: Retelling the Story of Jesus in a Different Key
1. Introduction
2. The Literary Relationship Between John's Gospel and the Synoptics
2.1 History of Research
2.2 John's Transposition Theology
3. Probable Instances of John's Transposition of Mark
Transposition #1: From Miracles to Signs
Transposition #2: From the Temple Cleansing to the Raising of Lazarus
Transposition #3: From the Markan Temple Cleansing to the Johannine Temple Clearing
Transposition #4: From the Markan Pivot at Caesarea Philippi to Peter's Confession Halfway through John's Book of Signs and/or to Martha's Confession
Transposition #5: From the Markan Olivet Discourse to John's Realized Eschatology
Transposition #6: From Jesus' Prediction of the Destruction of the Literal Temple to Jesus' Prediction of the Destruction and Raising of the Spiritual Temple, the Body of Jesus
Transposition #7: From the Kingdom of God to Eternal Life
Transposition #8: From Jesus' Transfiguration to John's Pervasive Glory Motif
Transposition #9: From the Institution of the Lord's Supper to Jesus' Teaching on Eating His Flesh and Drinking His Blood
Transposition #10: From the Markan Parables to John's Real-Life "Parables" and Symbolic Discourses
Transposition #11: From Jesus' Demon Exorcisms in Mark to Satan as the Chief Antagonist of Jesus in John
Transposition #12: From Succinct Pronouncement Stories to Selected Extended Discourses
Transposition #13: From the Markan Reference to Jewish Obduracy to John's Strategic Placement of the Same Reference
Transposition #14: From the Markan Institution of the Lord's Supper to John's Extensive Farewell Discourse
Transposition #15: From the Cross as a Place of Shame and Suffering in Mark to the Cross as a Place of Glory and Exaltation in John
Transposition #16: From Mark's Presentation of Jesus' Jewish and Roman Trials to the Cosmic Trial Motif in John
4. Possible Instances of John's Transposition of Luke
Transposition #1: From the Two Volumes of Luke-Acts to John's One-Volume Work in Two Parts, The Book of Signs and the Book of Exaltation
Transposition #2: From the Virgin Birth to Jesus' Eternal Pre-Existence
Transposition #3: From the Socio-Economic Dimension of Jesus' Ministry in Luke-Acts to John's Singular Focus on People's Individual Eternal Destiny
Transposition #4: From the Pattern of the Early Church's Mission in the Book of Acts to John's Presentation of the Pattern of Jesus' Earthly Mission
5. Conclusion: The Johannine Pattern of Transposition
Bibliography
ARMIN D. BAUM: The Original Epilogue (John 20:30–31), the Secondary Appendix (21:1–23), and the Editorial Epilogues (21:24–25) of John's Gospel
1. Introduction
1.1 Chapter 21 as an Appendix to the Book
1.2 Chapter 21 as an Original Element of the Book
2. The Original Epilogue of the Fourth Gospel (John 20:30–31)
2.1 The First Epilogue as the Original Closure of the Book
(1) John 20:30–31 as an Epilogue.
(2) The Reference Point of John 20:30–31.
2.2 The Self-Introduction of the Author in the First Epilogue
(1) The Deliberate Anonymity of the Author.
(2) The Avoiding of the First Person.
(3) The Author of the Epilogue.
2.3 The First Epilogue in Literary-Historical Perspective
(1) Prologues in Greco-Roman Literature.
(2) Epilogues in Greco-Roman Literature.
(3) Epilogues in Old Testament and Early Jewish Literature.
2.4 The Content of the First Epilogue
(1) The Incompleteness of the Book.
(2) The Purpose of the Book.
2.5 The Reason for an Epilogue
(1) The Safest Location.
(2) The Traditional Location.
(3) The Prominence of the Theological Prologue.
(4) The Priority of the Subject Matter.
3. Chapter 21 as an Editorial Appendix
3.1 The Literary-Critical Interpretations
(1) Chapter 21 as an Original Element of the Book.
(2) Chapter 21 as an Appendix by the Evangelist.
(3) Chapter 21 as an Appendix by a Disciple.
(4) Chapter 21 as a Later Appendix.
3.2 The Literary-Critical Evidence
(1) The Content of Chapter 21.
(2) The Syntax of Chapter 21.
(3) The Vocabulary of Chapter 21.
(4) The "Sons of Zebedee" (21:2).
3.3 The Origin of Form and Content
4. Epilogues and Appendices in Ancient Literature
4.1 Appendices without Explicit Indications by Their Authors
(1) Cicero, Academica.
4.2 Primary Appendices with Direct Indications by their Authors
(1) Josephus, Antiquitates and Vita.
(2) Cornelius Nepos, De viris illustribus.
(3) Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica.
4.3 Secondary Appendices with Indirect Indications by Their Authors
(1) Second Maccabees.
(2) Wisdom of Sirach.
4.4 The Position of the First Epilogue (20:30-31) in the Fourth Gospel
(1) The Perspective of the Evangelist.
(2) The perspective of the Editor
5. The Editorial Epilogue of the Fourth Gospel (John 21:24–25)
5.1 The anonymity of John 21:24–25
5.2 The Authors of John 21:24
5.3 The Author of John 21:25
5.4 The Point of Reference of John 21:24–25
5.5 The Genre of John 21:24–25
(1) Jonh 21:24a as an Incipit.
(2) John 21:24–25 as a Sphragis.
(3) John 21:24–25 as a Subscription.
(4) John 21:24–25 as an Editorial Epilogue.
6. Conclusion
Bibliography
IV. Judaism and Early Christianity
JASON MASTON: Judaism and Hellenism: Rethinking Ben Sira's "Opponents"
1. Introduction
2. The Debate Formula and the "Opponents"
2.1 Wealth, Power and Judgment (Sir 5.1–8; 11.23–26)
2.2 Determinism (Sir 15.11–20)
2.3 Judgment and the Individual (Sir 16.17–23)
3. Conclusion
Bibliography
STEVE WALTON: How Mighty a Minority Were the Hellenists?
1. Hengel's proposal
2. Tracing the roots of Hengel's proposal
3. Assessment
3.1 James Dunn's discussion
3.2 Engaging with Hengel on the Hellenists
3.3 Who were the Hellenists?
3.4 Did the Hellenists worship separately from the Hebrews?
3.5 Did the Hellenists have a distinctive theology?
3.6 Who was persecuted and who fled Jerusalem in Acts 8.1?
3.7 What role did the Hellenists have in the beginnings of the Gentile mission?
4. Conclusion
Bibliography
MICHAEL F. BIRD: The Incident at Antioch (Gal. 2.11–14): The Beginnings of Paulinism
1. Introduction
2. Jews and Christians in Antioch
3. What was the problem in Antioch
3.1 The Main Protagonists
3.2 Why Did Cephas Separate from Table Fellowship?
3.3 Why Did Paul Object to Cephas' Actions?
4. Conclusion: The Making of Paulinism
Bibliography
GRANT MACASKILL: The Atonement and Concepts of Participation in the New Testament
1. Hengel and The Atonement
2. Reception of Hengel's The Atonement
3. Advancing the Debate
4. Participation in Paul and the New Testament
5. Conclusion
Bibliography
DONALD A. HAGNER: Another Look at "The Parting of the Ways"
1. The Challenge
2. On the Definition of Key Words
3. The Marks of Newness
3.1 Jesus according to the Gospels.
3.2 The Earliest Church.
3.3 Paul.
3.4 The remainder of the NT.
3.5 The Second Century.
4. Jewish Christianity
5. Conclusion
Bibliography
ANNA MARIA SCHWEMER: The First Christians in Syria
1. Paul's Accounts of his Early Years
2. The First Christians in Syria according to the Acts of the Apostles
2.1 The Mission of the Hellenists and their Arrival in Antioch
2.2 Syria in Jewish Eschatological Anticipation
2.3 The New Situation in the City of Antioch for the Christians
2.4 The Mission Starting from Antioch as Presented in the Acts of the Apostles
3. The "Apostolic Council" in Jerusalem in the Year 48/49
4. The Conflict between Peter and Paul in the Year 52/53 in Antioch and the Apostolic Decree
5. About the First Christians in Edessa
Bibliography
V. Translations of Martin Hengel's Essays
MARTIN HENGEL, translated by WAYNE M. COPPINS: A Young Theological Discipline in Crisis
MARTIN HENGEL, translated by THOMAS H. TRAPP: The Earliest Roots of Gnosticism and Early Chistianity
1. The Earliest Evidence: 1 Timothy 6:20 and the Question of Dating
2. Concerning the Term γνωσις
3. "Gnosis" as a "Christian" Movement From the Second Century On
4. Its Character as a Christian "Philosophy of Religion"
4.1 The Early Gnostics as the First Christian "Philosophers of Religion"
4.2 The Historical Differentiation of "Gnosis"
5. The Questionable Nature of the Hypothesis of a "Pre-Christian Gnosis"
5.1 The Postulation of a "Pre-Christian Gnosis" by the Rudolf Bultmann School
5.2 The Mandaean Hypothesis
5.3 The Corpus Hermeticum and the Mystery Cults
5.4 The Textual Finds at Nag Hammadi
6. The First "Gnostic Teachers" Known by Name
6.1 The earliest supposed "Gnostic," Simon Magus, His System, and His Followers
6.2 Other Early "Gnostic" Teachers
7. Gnostic Traces in Paul?
8. Where are the Sources of "Gnosis" to be found?
MARTIN HENGEL, translated by LARS KIERSPEL: Qumran and Early Christianity
MARTIN HENGEL, translated by NELSON MOORE: The Lukan Prologue and Its Eyewitnesses: The Apostles, Peter and the Women
1. The Two-Volume Work and Its Prologues
2. The Author Luke and his Time
3. Luke, His "Eyewitnesses" and His "Sources"
4. The "Twelve Apostles" as Witnesses through "Eyes and Ears"
5. Peter and the Apostles
6. The Distance between Peter and Paul: Harmonization through Delimitation
7. The "Apostolic" Gospel as a Guarantor of the Unity of the Church
8. The Women as the Exception which Proves the Rule
MARTIN HENGEL, translated by DANIEL JOHANSSON: Confessing and Confession
1. The Use of Language
2. Old Testament and Judaism
3. Confessing and Confession in Early Christianity
MARTIN HENGEL, translated by WAYNE M. COPPINS: Paul and the Torah
Contributors
Index of Ancient Literature
Old Testament
Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha
Qumran Literature
Josephus
Philo
Rabbinic Literature
New Testament
Apostolic Fathers
New Testament Apocrypha
Nag Hammadi
Church Fathers and Other Christian Literature
Greco-Roman Literature
Papyri and Other Literature
Index of Modern Authors
Index of Subjects
Recommend Papers
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Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament · 2. Reihe Herausgeber / Editor Jörg Frey (Zürich) Mitherausgeber / Associate Editors Friedrich Avemarie (Marburg) Markus Bockmuehl (Oxford) James A. Kelhoffer (Uppsala) Hans-Josef Klauck (Chicago, IL)
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Earliest Christian History History, Literature, and Theology Essays from the Tyndale Fellowship in Honor of Martin Hengel
Edited by
Michael F. Bird and Jason Maston
Mohr Siebeck
Michael F. Bird, born 1974; 2005 PhD from University of Queensland (Australia); Lecturer in Theology and New Testament at Crossway College and Honorary Research Associate at the University of Queensland. Jason Maston, born 1978; 2010 PhD from Durham University (England); Lecturer in New Testament at Highland Theological College UHI in Dingwall, Scotland.
e-ISBN PDF 978-3-16-151877-5 ISBN 978-3-16-151743-3 ISSN 0340-9570 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 2. Reihe) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. © 2012 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen, Germany. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Laupp & Göbel in Nehren on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Nädele in Nehren. Printed in Germany.
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