Die phantastische Geschichte der Analysis: Ihre Probleme und Methoden seit Demokrit und Archimedes. Dazu die Grundbegriffe von heute. 9783486595437

"Noch kein anderes Buch hat mir so viele neue und spannende Fassetten der Mathematik vermittelt." (Christoph M

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Die phantastische Geschichte der Analysis: Ihre Probleme und Methoden seit Demokrit und Archimedes. Dazu die Grundbegriffe von heute.
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