Delict: A Comprehensive Guide to the Law in Scotland 9781474462457

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Delict

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Delict A Comprehensive Guide to the Law in Scotland, 3rd edition

Francis McManus, Ronald E Conway and Eleanor Russell with Josephine Bisacre and Ranald Macpherson

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Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: edinburghuniversitypress.com © Francis McManus, Ronald E Conway, Josephine Bisacre, Ranald Macpherson and Eleanor Russell, 2021 Cover image: Jocelyne Saab in front of the National Museum of Beirut, 1978 © Nessim Ricardou-Saab Cover design: Stuart Dalziel Previous editions published in 1998 by John Wiley & Sons and 2011 by Dundee University Press Edinburgh University Press Ltd The Tun – Holyrood Road 12(2f) Jackson’s Entry Edinburgh EH8 8PJ Typeset in 11/13 Baskerville by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd, and printed and bound in Great Britain A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 6243 3 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 6244 0 (paperback) ISBN 978 1 4744 6245 7 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 6246 4 (epub)

The right of Francis McManus, Ronald E Conway, Eleanor Russell, Josephine Bisacre and Ranald Macpherson to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498).

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Contents

Foreword Preface and Acknowledgments Table of Statutes Table of Statutory Instruments Table of Cases Table of International Legislation

vii viii x xix xxi lvi

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 8 47 62 74 90 97 110 126 154 189 216 221 225 256 272 289 312 332 344 388 431 489 525

Introduction Negligence – Duty of Care The Duty of Care – Negligent Misstatements The Duty of Care – Pure Economic Loss The Duty of Care – Psychiatric Harm (Nervous Shock) Breach of Duty of Care – Standard of Care Factual Causation Remoteness of Damage (Legal Causation) Professional Negligence Breach of Statutory Duty Nuisance Liability for Animals Assault Defamation Economic Delicts Passing Off Breach of Confidence Product Liability Occupiers’ Liability Vicarious Liability Defences in Delict Remedies Evidential and Practical Matters Transfer and Extinction of Liability

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Delict

25 Practicalities in Personal Injury Claims: The Role of Insurance and Other Sources of Compensation

569

Appendix: Summary of Key Concepts Index

579 588

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Foreword

The continuing vitality of the law of Scotland in general, and the law of delict in particular, stems in large measure from its flexibility and capacity for change in the light of social developments. Those qualities, however, present challenges for all those involved in the field. Against that background, it is a great pleasure to welcome this valuable new contribution in the shape of the third edition of this work. In the years since the last edition, significant developments have occurred in this area of the law. These are recognised by the authors, and are treated in this text with appropriate erudition and clarity. Like its predecessor, this new edition contains valuable material and commentary, presented in an accessible way. The authors are to be commended for delivering not just a comprehensive account of the current position, but one which is informative, readable and practical. It contains full analysis of the key legal principles, amply supported by reference to relevant case law. The importance of setting out detailed commentary within the stated fabric of general law is well recognised in the text. The breadth and depth of coverage are striking. The care and effort taken by the authors in adopting a discursive approach, in a readable and understandable form, are a testament to their mastery of the subject. Their authoritative rigour, combined with clarity of content and signposting, makes it a reference work that is easy to use. More than that, it is a book which will repay time spent becoming familiar with its content in its entirety. It ably achieves its aim of producing an in-depth analysis of the modern law, covering not only what the law is, but also why it is what it is. It will be a valuable resource and trusted guide for both scholars and practitioners alike, and an asset to the library of anyone interested in understanding more about this area of the law of Scotland. I warmly commend this work for its clear and comprehensive treatment of a challenging but rewarding subject. The Hon Lord Armstrong

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Preface and Acknowledgments

The authors of the second edition of this work reiterated the well-worn apothegm to the effect that the law does not stand still for the convenience of authors. However, as far as the third edition of this work is concerned, this trite saying assumes added meaning, given the fact that it is now some ten years since the second edition was published. There have been many significant changes in the law since then. In particular, the law of negligence, which has been in a constant state of flux since the ‘big bang’ of 1932, continues to re-shape itself. Again, the law relating to vicarious liability has experienced growth of almost exponential proportions in recent years. Whereas the European Union (EU) has not played a major role in the development of the common law of delict, as a whole, over the years, EU law has had significant influence on the development of the law relating to product liability and also health and safety legislation, particularly in the workplace. It will be interesting to see how the UK’s departure from the EU at the end of 2020 will impact on these areas of law in the future. Whilst the book is intended mainly for the use of undergraduates, we hope that it will also be of use to the practitioner. We have attempted to discuss the main areas of the law of delict. However, lack of space precludes mention, far less discussion, of some areas. Francis McManus wrote Chapters 1–8 inclusive, 10–15 inclusive and 17–21 inclusive. Ronald E. Conway wrote Chapters 22–25 inclusive. Josephine Bisacre wrote Chapter 16 and Ranald Macpherson wrote Chapter 9. Francis McManus would like to thank Ann McManus for commenting on Chapter 1. He would also like to thank the library staff of the University of Stirling, the University of Edinburgh Law Library, Edinburgh Napier University, the National Library of Scotland and the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, London, for their help over the last two years. Francis McManus and Ronald E. Conway would both like to acknowledge the work of Eleanor J. Russell on Chapters 9, 10, 15 and 21–24 in the second edition. Ronald E. Conway would also like to thank his colleague, Liz Gray, for her invaluable assistance with presentation.

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Preface and Acknowledgments

ix

We have attempted to state the law as at 31 October 2020. However, we have been able to take account of some developments since that date, at proof stage. Finally, we would like to thank Lord Armstrong for kindly writing the Foreword to the book. Francis McManus Ronald E Conway

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Table of Statutes

1686 Winter Herding Act ...........................................................................................................12.7 1688 Bill of Rights ....................................................................................................................14.48 1840 Parliamentary Papers Act s1 ..........................................................................................................................................14.48 1847 Waterworks Clauses Act ........................................................................................10.44, 21.15 1861 Offences against the Person Act .........................................................................................13.6 1869 Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act ..................................................................................10.68 1875 Public Health Act .............................................................................................................10.43 s66 ........................................................................................................................................10.56 1878 Factory and Workshop Act...............................................................................................10.48 1887 Merchandise Marks Act ........................................................................................10.49, 10.59 1906 Dogs Act .............................................................................................................................12.7 1911 Coal Mines Act s49 ........................................................................................................................................10.72 1926 Edinburgh Corporation (Streets, Buildings and Sewers) Order Confirmation Act s52 ........................................................................................................................................10.31 1930 Third Parties (Rights against Insurers) Act ........................................................................24.4 1934 Betting and Lotteries Act ......................................................................................10.27, 10.45 s11(2) ....................................................................................................................................10.27 1935 Law Reform (Married Women and Tortfeasors) Act s6 ..........................................................................................................................................24.16 1936 Public Health Act s64 ..........................................................................................................................................4.21 Pt III.....................................................................................................................................10.41 1937 Factories Act...10.4, 10.19, 10.24, 10.48, 10.68, 10.69, 10.70, 10.80, 10.83, 10.91, 21.107, 21.108 s14 ........................................................................................................................................10.95 1940 Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act ..........................................24.6, 24.16 s3 ........................................................................................................................24.8, 24.9, 24.16 (1) ..............................................................................................24.6, 24.7, 24.8, 24.11, 24.17 (2) ...................................................................................................24.11, 24.13, 24.14, 24.17 1945 Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act ............10.95, 10.97, 21.53, 21.54, 21.57, 21.58, 21.68, 21.91, 21.101, 21.103 s1 ................................................................................................................21.69, 21.108, 21.117 (1) ....................................................................................................................................21.55 s2(3)(a) ..................................................................................................................................12.16 s4 ..........................................................................................................................................21.56 s5 ........................................................................................................................................21.103

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(a) ....................................................................................................................................21.56 (c) ....................................................................................................................................21.59 1948 Law Reform (Personal Injuries) Act s1(1) ......................................................................................................................................10.12 s2(1) ....................................................................................................................................22.140 s2(4) ......................................................................................................................................22.90 1948 Nurseries and Childminders Regulation Act ...................................................................10.67 1952 Defamation Act s5(1) ......................................................................................................................................14.43 s6 ..........................................................................................................................................14.95 1954 Mines and Quarries Act ...................................................................................................10.19 s81(1) ....................................................................................................................................10.79 1957 Occupiers’ Liability Act .................................................................................................21.125 1958 Dramatic and Musical Performers’ Protection Act..........................................................10.49 1958 Interest on Damages (Scotland) Act ..................................................................22.110, 22.118 1959 Building (Scotland) Act s9(2) ........................................................................................................................................4.24 1960 Occupiers’ Liability (Scotland) Act.......10.6, 10.10, 10.80, 10.86, 19.4, 19.5, 21.30, 21.31, 21.65 s1 ..........................................................................................................................................19.11 (1) .......................................................................................................19.6, 19.8, 19.12, 19.13 (2) ......................................................................................................................................19.6 (3)(a) ................................................................................................................................19.14 s2 ......................................................................................................................19.6, 19.22, 19.26 (1) .............................................................................19.16, 19.19, 19.20, 19.23, 19.27, 19.35 (3) ...........................................................................10.10, 10.100, 19.24, 19.36, 21.30, 21.46 s3 (1) .........................................................................................................................19.37, 21.32 (5) ....................................................................................................................................19.38 s4 ..........................................................................................................................................19.39 1961 Factories Act ......................................10.6, 10.19, 10.24, 10.27, 10.48, 10.81, 21.107, 21.108 s14 ........................................................................................................................................10.97 s29 ........................................................................................................................................23.46 (1) .........................................................................................................................10.87, 23.46 1965 Nuclear Installations Act s12(1) ......................................................................................................................................10.1 1968 Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act ...................................................23.56 s9 .........................................................................................................23.53, 23.55, 23.56, 23.59 (2) ..............................................................................................................23.53–23.54, 23.57 1969 Children and Young Persons Act .....................................................................................20.79 s1 ..........................................................................................................................................20.79 1969 Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act .....................................10.49, 25.18–25.23 s1(1) ......................................................................................................................................25.18 1971 Animals Act .............................................................................................................12.7, 12.16 1971 Interest on Damages (Scotland) Act ..................................................................22.110, 22.118 1972 Administration of Justice (Scotland) Act ...........................................................23.104–23.105 1972 Road Traffic Act...............................................................................................................21.26 s148 ....................................................................................................................................21.128 (3) ..................................................................................................................................21.128 1973 Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act..........................22.70, 24.41, 24.43, 24.44, 24.63 s6 ....................................................................................................................24.45, 24.58, 24.60 (1) .........................................................................................................................11.67, 24.44 (2) ....................................................................................................................................24.65

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Delict (3) ....................................................................................................................................24.47 (4) (a) ...............................................................................................................................24.55 (b)...............................................................................................................................24.55 s7 ...............................................................................................................................24.58, 24.60 (1) ..............................................................................................................11.64, 24.58, 24.65 (2) ....................................................................................................................................24.65 s8A .......................................................................................................................................24.17 s8B(2)(a) ................................................................................................................................24.92 s9(1) ......................................................................................................................................24.56 s10(1) ....................................................................................................................................24.57 s11 ..................................................................................................................24.47, 24.53, 24.58 (1) ........................................................................................................................24.47, 24.48 (2) ........................................................................................................................24.47, 24.52 (3) ...................................................................................................................................24.47 (3A) ................................................................................................................................24.53 (3B).................................................................................................................................24.54 s13 ........................................................................................................................................24.60 s15(1) ....................................................................................................................................24.55 s17 .......................................................................................................24.70, 24.85, 24.86, 24.95 (2) ...................................................................................................24.70, 24.75, 24.76, 24.89 (a) ...................................................................................................................24.70, 24.72 (b)........................................................................................................24.73, 24.76, 24.85 (i) .........................................................................................................................24.75 (3) .......................................................................................................................24.83, 24.126 s17A .....................................................................................................................................22.71 s17D ........................................................................................................................22.73, 24.105 s18 ..................................................................................................................24.86, 24.88, 24.95 (2) (a) ..............................................................................................................................24.86 (b)..............................................................................................................................24.86 (3) ....................................................................................................................................24.87 (4) ....................................................................................................................................24.89 s18A ...............................................................................................................24.46, 24.90, 24.95 (2) ....................................................................................................................................24.90 (4)(b) ................................................................................................................................24.90 s18B ..........................................................................................................................24.92, 24.95 (3) ....................................................................................................................................24.93 s19A .......24.95, 24.98, 24.99, 24.100, 24.101, 24.102, 24.103, 24.104, 24.105, 24.108, 24.112 s22 (1) ....................................................................................................................................24.70 (3) ....................................................................................................................................24.73 s22A ..........................................................................................................................24.59, 24.66 (1) ....................................................................................................................................18.60 (3) ....................................................................................................................................18.60 s22B .....................................................................................................................................24.91 (1) and (2) ........................................................................................................................18.61 (4) ....................................................................................................................................24.91 s22C ..........................................................................................................................18.61, 24.91 (3) ....................................................................................................................................24.91 s24 .............................................................................................................................24.67, 24.94

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Pt III.....................................................................................................................................24.59 Sch 1 para 1(d)..........................................................................................................................24.45 para 2..............................................................................................................................24.46 (gg) .............................................................................................................................24.65 Sch 3 ..............................................................................................................24.46, 24.59, 24.64 1974 Health and Safety at Work etc Act...........................................................10.15, 22.170, 23.47 ss2–8.....................................................................................................................................10.14 s47 (1) ....................................................................................................................................10.14 (2) ....................................................................................................................................10.15 1974 Housing (Scotland) Act ......................................................................................................19.8 1974 Rehabilitation of Offenders Act s8(5) ......................................................................................................................................14.44 1975 Guard Dogs Act ...............................................................................................................12.18 s1 ..........................................................................................................................................12.18 s5(2) ......................................................................................................................................10.14 1975 Safety of Sports Grounds Act s13 ........................................................................................................................................10.14 1976 Damages (Scotland) Act ......................................................................................22.189, 24.23 s1(4) ....................................................................................................................................22.189 1976 Dangerous Wild Animals Act s7(4) ......................................................................................................................................12.10 1977 Unfair Contract Terms Act ..........................................................................9.23, 21.13, 21.39 s13 ........................................................................................................................................21.13 s16 .............................................................................................................................19.16, 21.39 1979 Pneumoconiosis etc. (Workers Compensation) Act ..........................................................25.34 1980 Child Care Act .................................................................................................................20.79 s10 ........................................................................................................................................20.79 (1) ....................................................................................................................................20.79 (2)...............................................................................................................................20.79 (2) ....................................................................................................................................20.79 s18(1) ....................................................................................................................................20.79 s21 (1) ....................................................................................................................................20.79 (2) ....................................................................................................................................20.79 1980 Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act ...................................................24.41 1980 Limitation Act s33 ......................................................................................................................................24.107 1981 Contempt of Court Act s10 ........................................................................................................................................17.29 1982 Administration of Justice Act .................................................................22.93, 22.104, 22.167 s8 .................................................................................22.91, 22.92, 22.94, 22.96, 22.98, 22.108 (1) ....................................................................................................................................22.92 (2) ............................................................................................................22.92, 22.93, 22.108 (3) ....................................................................................................................................22.93 (4) ....................................................................................................................................22.93 s9 ......................................................................................22.91, 22.103, 22.107, 22.108, 22.189 (4) ..................................................................................................................................22.103 s10 .........................................................................................................................22.140–22.141 (iv) ...................................................................................................................................22.79

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s11 ......................................................................................................................................22.139 s12 ..................................................................................22.160, 22.161, 22.164, 22.165, 22.166 s13(1) ............................................................................................................22.91, 22.94, 22.103 1982 Civil Aviation Act .............................................................................................................22.37 s76 ........................................................................................................................................22.37 1982 Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act Sch 8 ....................................................................................................................................18.28 1983 Mental Health Act .........................................................................................................10.101 1984 Occupiers Liability Act ..................................................................................................21.125 1984 Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act......................................................................24.41 s6(1) ......................................................................................................................................24.63 Sch 1, para 2 ........................................................................................................................24.63 1984 Roads (Scotland) Act s1(1) ........................................................................................................................................2.93 1985 Companies Act ...................................................................................................................2.15 1985 Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act ........................................24.41, 24.65 1986 Law Reform (Parent and Child) (Scotland) Act s1(1) ......................................................................................................................................22.95 1987 Animals (Scotland) Act ............................................................................................12.7, 12.19 s1 (1) ......................................................................................................................................12.8 (b)....................................................................................................................12.10, 12.11 (2) ......................................................................................................................................12.9 (3) (a) ...............................................................................................................................12.10 (b)...............................................................................................................................12.12 (4) ...........................................................................................................................12.8, 12.12 (5) ....................................................................................................................................12.13 (6) .......................................................................................................................12.16, 21.116 (8) ......................................................................................................................................12.7 s2 (1) (a) ..................................................................................................................12.16, 21.116 (b).......................................................................................................10.100, 12.16, 21.46 (c) ...............................................................................................................................12.17 (2) ....................................................................................................................................12.18 s3(a) ....................................................................................................................................21.116 s4(2)(a) ..................................................................................................................................22.13 s5(1) ......................................................................................................................................12.14 s7 ..........................................................................................................................................12.10 1987 Consumer Protection Act........18.20, 18.22, 18.24, 18.27, 18.43, 18.59–18.60, 24.41, 24.46, 24.59, 24.63, 24.66, 24.70, 24.86, 24.91 Pt 1 ......................................................................................................10.80, 18.20, 18.21, 18.30 s1(2) ................................................................................................................18.21, 18.25–18.26 s2 (1) .........................................................................................................................18.23, 18.54 (2) ....................................................................................................................................18.23 (3) ..............................................................................................................18.21, 18.29, 18.48 (4) ....................................................................................................................................18.22 (6) ....................................................................................................................................18.58

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s3 (1) ..............................................................................................................18.30, 18.40, 18.42 (2) ..............................................................................................................18.31, 18.32, 18.34 (b) ....................................................................................................................................18.38 s4 (1) .........................................................................................................................18.44–18.53 (2) (a) ...............................................................................................................................18.48 (b)...............................................................................................................................18.49 s5 (1) ..............................................................................................................18.54, 18.60, 24.66 (2) ....................................................................................................................................18.54 (3) .........................................................................................................................18.56, 18.57 (4) ....................................................................................................................................18.58 s6(4) .........................................................................................................................18.53, 21.116 s7 ..........................................................................................................................................18.58 s45 (1) .........................................................................................................................18.21, 18.54 (5) ....................................................................................................................................18.21 s46 .............................................................................................................................18.29, 18.46 (2) ....................................................................................................................................18.29 (3) .........................................................................................................................18.21, 18.29 (4) ....................................................................................................................................18.21 1988 Civil Evidence (Scotland) Act..23.50–23.51, 23.62, 23.63, 23.64, 23.69, 23.70, 23.71, 23.72, 23.74, 23.79 s1 ...............................................................................................................................23.57, 23.59 (1) .........................................................................................................................23.58, 23.59 s2 ..........................................................................................................................................23.66 (1) ....................................................................................................................................23.66 (b)...............................................................................................................................23.72 s3 ..........................................................................................................................................23.75 s9 ...............................................................................................................................23.68, 23.72 Sch .......................................................................................................................................23.57 1988 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act s103 ......................................................................................................................................10.13 s194 ......................................................................................................................................10.13 1988 Road Traffic Act.............................................................................................................21.130 s14(3) ....................................................................................................................................21.79 s39 ..........................................................................................................................................2.86 s143 ......................................................................................................................................25.13 s149 ......................................................................................................................................21.26 s151 ......................................................................................................................................25.14 1989 Children Act s17 ........................................................................................................................................2.102 s47(1) ....................................................................................................................................2.102 1989 Social Security Act ............................................................................................22.123, 22.124 1990 Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act s68 ........................................................................................................................................21.39 s69(1) ....................................................................................................................................22.93 1991 Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act..............................................................................24.83 s1(2) ...........................................................................................................................24.55, 24.83

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1992 Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act s103 ....................................................................................................................................22.130 s104 ....................................................................................................................................22.130 s105 ....................................................................................................................................22.130 1994 Trade Marks Act s10 ...............................................................................................................................16.4, 16.57 (2) ....................................................................................................................................16.54 (3) .........................................................................................................................16.54, 16.56 s14 ..........................................................................................................................................16.4 ss14–21.................................................................................................................................16.53 s56 .........................................................................................................16.4, 16.53, 16.55, 16.57 1994 Vehicles Excise and Registration Act .................................................................................3.20 1995 Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act ss249 to 253 ..............................................................................................................25.43–25.44 s249 ......................................................................................................................................25.43 (4) ....................................................................................................................................25.43 s253 ......................................................................................................................................25.44 1995 Jobseekers Act ................................................................................................................22.141 1996 Defamation Act s1(1) ......................................................................................................................................14.45 s2 ..........................................................................................................................................14.10 (1)(2) ................................................................................................................................14.46 s3(2) ......................................................................................................................................14.46 s14 ........................................................................................................................................14.54 s15(1) ....................................................................................................................................14.79 s17 ........................................................................................................................................14.48 Sch 1 ....................................................................................................................................14.79 1996 Employment Rights Act .................................................................................................22.140 s135 ....................................................................................................................................22.140 1997 Protection from Harassment Act ........................................................................10.105, 24.41 s3 ............................................................................................................................................20.1 s8 ...............................................................................................................................20.67, 24.29 (1) .......................................................................................................................22.39, 22.176 (2) .......................................................................................................................22.39, 22.176 (4) ......................................................................................................................................21.1 (5) (a) .............................................................................................................................22.176 (b) (i) ..........................................................................................................................22.39 (ii) .........................................................................................................................22.39 (6) ..................................................................................................................................22.176 s8A .......................................................................................................................................24.29 s10 ........................................................................................................................................24.92 (1) ..................................................................................................................................10.106 1997 Social Security (Recovery of Benefits) Act ...............................................22.124, 25.28, 25.32 s1(1) ....................................................................................................................................22.125 s3 ........................................................................................................................................22.128 s6 ........................................................................................................................................22.129 (1) ..................................................................................................................................22.126 s8 ........................................................................................................................................22.127 Sch 1 ..................................................................................................................................22.138

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Sch 2 .....................................................................................................................22.127–22.130 1997 Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act ....................................................................11.19 1998 Data Protection Act .........................................................................................................20.75 1998 Human Rights Act .....................................................................1.7, 2.64, 17.32, 17.56–17.57 s6(1) ......................................................................................................................................23.76 s12 ........................................................................................................................................22.25 (3) ...................................................................................................................................22.25 Sch 1, Art 10 ........................................................................................................................14.10 1998 Scotland Act .....................................................................................................................14.48 s41 ........................................................................................................................................14.48 2000 Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act ..............................................................................24.85 s1(6) ......................................................................................................................................24.85 2000 Freedom of Information Act s79 ........................................................................................................................................14.79 2000 Standards in Scotland’s Schools etc Act s16 ..........................................................................................................................................21.5 2001 Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act s2(3) ....................................................................................................................................22.139 2002 Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act...........................................................................23.80 Sch 1 ....................................................................................................................................23.80 2003 Land Reform (Scotland) Act ............................................................................................19.11 2004 Vulnerable Witnesses (Scotland) Act .................................................................23.108–23.109 s11 ......................................................................................................................................23.108 s18 ......................................................................................................................................23.108 s24 ...........................................................................................................................23.72, 23.109 2006 Companies Act ss69–74...................................................................................................................................16.5 2006 Compensation Act s3 ............................................................................................................................................7.14 2007 Damages (Mesothelioma) (Scotland) Act .........................................................................24.38 2009 Damages (Asbestos-related Conditions) (Scotland) Act ........................................22.66, 24.84 s3 ...............................................................................................................................24.84, 24.88 2010 Third Parties (Rights against Insurers) Act s1 ............................................................................................................................................24.4 (2) ......................................................................................................................................24.4 (3) ......................................................................................................................................24.4 2011 Damages (Scotland) Act .........................................................................22.92, 22.156, 22.189 s1(2) and (3) ..........................................................................................................................22.60 s2 ........................................................................................................................................22.151 (1) ..............................................................................................................22.99, 24.24, 24.32 (b) (i) ..........................................................................................................................24.29 (ii) .........................................................................................................................24.29 (2) .........................................................................................................................24.25, 24.32 (3) ....................................................................................................................................24.29 s3(1) ....................................................................................................................................22.159 s4 (2) .......................................................................................................................22.152, 24.38 (a)(ii) .........................................................................................................................22.146 (3) ..................................................................................................................................22.151 (a) ..........................................................................................22.104, 22.153, 24.32, 24.33

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(b).......................................................................................................22.143, 24.33, 24.38 (i) ........................................................................................................................22.144 (ii) .......................................................................................................................22.144 (iii) ......................................................................................................................22.144 (5) ....................................................................................................................................24.33 (b).............................................................................................................................22.146 s5 .............................................................................................................................22.152, 24.38 s6 ........................................................................................................................................22.104 s7 (1) .....................................................................................................................22.156, 22.157 (c)(ii) .........................................................................................................................22.157 (2) ..................................................................................................................................22.156 (3) ..................................................................................................................................22.157 s8 (1) ..................................................................................................................................22.158 (3) ..................................................................................................................................22.168 s9 .............................................................................................................................22.104, 24.33 (2) ....................................................................................................................................24.33 (3) ..................................................................................................................................22.105 s14 (1) ....................................................................................................................22.145, 22.153 (2) .................................................................................................................................22.154 2013 Defamation Act s3 ..........................................................................................................................................14.99 2013 Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act s69 ........................................................................................................................................23.47 2014 Civil Courts Reform Act s63 ......................................................................................................................................22.180 2014 Civil Reform (Scotland) Act ...............................................................................................22.3 2014 Courts Reform (Scotland) Act s39 ..........................................................................................................................................22.4 s42 ..........................................................................................................................................22.4 2017 Limitation (Childhood Abuse) (Scotland) Act .....................................................22.71, 24.105 2018 Data Protection Act ..............................................................................................23.81–23.82 2018 Prescription (Scotland) Act....................................................................................24.41, 24.53 2019 Children (Equal Protection from Assault) (Scotland) Act s1 ............................................................................................................................................21.4

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Table of Statutory Instruments

1945 Coal Mines (Training) General Regulations ....................................................................21.16 1955 Boarding-Out of Children Regulations (SI 1955/1377) .................................................20.79 reg4 ......................................................................................................................................20.79 1962 Non-Ferrous Metals (Melting and Founding) Regulations (SI 1962/1667) .......................10.5 1964 Prison Rules (SI 1964/388) ..............................................................................................10.66 r43 ........................................................................................................................................10.20 1972 Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquefied Petroleum Gases Regulations (SI 1972/917) ..... 10.29 1976 Offshore Installations (Operational Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations (SI 1976/1019) reg5(1) ............................................................................................................10.79, 10.84, 10.85 1988 Act of Sederunt (Amendment of Sheriff Court Ordinary Cause, and Summary Cause, Rules) (SI 1988/1978) ...........................................................................22.170 1988 Electricity Supply Regulations (SI 1988/1057)................................................................10.40 1992 Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations (SI 1992/2792) ......10.15, 10.82 1992 Manual Handling Operations Regulations (SI 1992/2793) .................................10.15, 10.82 1992 Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations (SI 1992/2966) .......10.15, 10.82, 10.97 reg4 ...........................................................................................................................10.77, 10.78 1992 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (SI 1992/2932) ................................23.6 1992 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations (SI 1992/3004) ........10.1, 10.15, 10.24, 10.74, 10.76, 10.82 reg12(3) ................................................................................................................................10.86 reg17 ....................................................................................................................................10.30 reg19 ....................................................................................................................................10.83 1993 Act of Sederunt (Interest in Sheriff Court Decrees and Extracts) (SI 1993/769) .........22.111 1993 Act of Sederunt (Sheriff Court Ordinary Cause Rules (SI 1993/1956) .....24.128, 25.7, 25.9 Ch 03.A.3...............................................................................................................................25.7 Ch 18 ...................................................................................................................................24.61 Ch 20 ...................................................................................................................................24.12 r29.14 (1A) ...........................................................................................................................23.94 Ch 36 .....................................................................................................................................25.9 r36.9(5)..........................................................................................................................22.175 rr36.8–36.10 .................................................................................................................22.170 1994 Act of Sederunt (Rules of the Court of Session) (SI 1994/1443) ...........................24.61, 25.9 r21A(5) ...............................................................................................................................24.130 Ch 26 ...................................................................................................................................24.12 r28A .....................................................................................................................................23.94 Ch 43 ........................................................................................................................23.102, 25.9 r43.2 .............................................................................................................................23.102

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r43.11 ...........................................................................................................................22.170 (5).............................................................................................................................22.175 r43.12 ...........................................................................................................................22.170 1998 Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Regulations (SI 1998/2573) ....................25.20 1998 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (SI 1998/2306) .......10.15, 10.74, 10.75, 10.82, 10.96, 10.97, 21.84 reg2(1) ..................................................................................................................................10.26 reg3(2) ..................................................................................................................................10.26 reg4 ......................................................................................................................................10.79 reg5(1) .......................................................................................................................10.25, 10.80 reg20 ....................................................................................................................................10.79 1999 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (SI 1999/437) .......................10.24 1999 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (SI 1999/3242) ..........10.15, 10.82, 23.106 reg3 ...........................................................................................................................10.77, 10.78 2001 Consumer Protection Act 1987 (Product Liability) (Modification) (Scotland) Order (SSI 2001/265) art 2(3) ..................................................................................................................................18.22 2002 Act of Sederunt (Rules of the Court of Session Amendment No 2) (Personal Injuries Actions) (SSI 2002/570). .......................................................................22.170 2002 Act of Sederunt (Summary Cause Rules) (SSI 2002/132) ..........................24.128, 25.7, 25.9 Ch 04A...................................................................................................................................25.7 Ch 34 .....................................................................................................................................25.9 2002 European Communities (Rights Against Insurers) Regulations (SI 2002/3061) .............25.14 2003 Management of Health and Safety at Work and Fire Precautions (Workplace) (Amendment) Regulations (SI 2003/2457) ..........................................................................10.15 2005 Control of Noise at Work Regulations (SI 2005/1643) .................................................23.106 2008 Business Protection from Misleading Marketing Regulations (SI 2008/1276) ..................16.6 2009 Act of Sederunt (Sheriff Court Rules) (Miscellaneous Amendments) (SSI 2009/294) ..................................................................................................................24.128 2009 Scotch Whisky Regulations (SI 2009/2890) ....................................................................16.34 2015 All-Scotland Sheriff C