Cyber Security Intelligence and Analytics: Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Cyber Security Intelligence and Analytics (CSIA 2020), ... in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1147) 3030433080, 9783030433086

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Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 1147

Zheng Xu Reza M. Parizi Mohammad Hammoudeh Octavio Loyola-González   Editors

Cyber Security Intelligence and Analytics Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Cyber Security Intelligence and Analytics (CSIA 2020), Volume 2

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing Volume 1147

Series Editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Advisory Editors Nikhil R. Pal, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India Rafael Bello Perez, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, Universidad Central de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba Emilio S. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Hani Hagras, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK László T. Kóczy, Department of Automation, Széchenyi István University, Gyor, Hungary Vladik Kreinovich, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA Chin-Teng Lin, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan Jie Lu, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Patricia Melin, Graduate Program of Computer Science, Tijuana Institute of Technology, Tijuana, Mexico Nadia Nedjah, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Ngoc Thanh Nguyen , Faculty of Computer Science and Management, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland Jun Wang, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong

The series “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” contains publications on theory, applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems and Intelligent Computing. Virtually all disciplines such as engineering, natural sciences, computer and information science, ICT, economics, business, e-commerce, environment, healthcare, life science are covered. The list of topics spans all the areas of modern intelligent systems and computing such as: computational intelligence, soft computing including neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computing and the fusion of these paradigms, social intelligence, ambient intelligence, computational neuroscience, artificial life, virtual worlds and society, cognitive science and systems, Perception and Vision, DNA and immune based systems, self-organizing and adaptive systems, e-Learning and teaching, human-centered and human-centric computing, recommender systems, intelligent control, robotics and mechatronics including human-machine teaming, knowledge-based paradigms, learning paradigms, machine ethics, intelligent data analysis, knowledge management, intelligent agents, intelligent decision making and support, intelligent network security, trust management, interactive entertainment, Web intelligence and multimedia. The publications within “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” are primarily proceedings of important conferences, symposia and congresses. They cover significant recent developments in the field, both of a foundational and applicable character. An important characteristic feature of the series is the short publication time and world-wide distribution. This permits a rapid and broad dissemination of research results. ** Indexing: The books of this series are submitted to ISI Proceedings, EI-Compendex, DBLP, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Springerlink **

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11156

Zheng Xu Reza M. Parizi Mohammad Hammoudeh Octavio Loyola-González •

•

•

Editors

Cyber Security Intelligence and Analytics Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Cyber Security Intelligence and Analytics (CSIA 2020), Volume 2

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Editors Zheng Xu Shanghai University Shanghai, China Mohammad Hammoudeh Manchester Metropolitan University Stockport, UK

Reza M. Parizi Department of Software Engineering and Game Development Kennesaw State University Marietta, GA, USA Octavio Loyola-González School of Engineering and Sciences Tecnologico de Monterrey Puebla, Mexico

ISSN 2194-5357 ISSN 2194-5365 (electronic) Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ISBN 978-3-030-43308-6 ISBN 978-3-030-43309-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43309-3 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Foreword

CSIA 2020 is an international conference dedicated to promoting novel theoretical and applied research advances in the interdisciplinary agenda of cyber security, particularly focusing on threat intelligence and analytics and countering cybercrime. Cyber security experts, including those in data analytics, incident response and digital forensics, need to be able to rapidly detect, analyze and defend against a diverse range of cyber threats in near real-time conditions. For example, when a significant amount of data is collected from or generated by different security monitoring solutions, intelligent and next generation big data analytical techniques are necessary to mine, interpret and extract knowledge of these (big) data. Cyber threat intelligence and analytics are among the fastest growing interdisciplinary fields of research bringing together researchers from different fields such as digital forensics, political and security studies, criminology, cyber security, big data analytics and machine learning. to detect, contain and mitigate advanced persistent threats and fight against organized cybercrimes. The 2020 International Conference on Cyber Security Intelligence and Analytics (CSIA 2020) is held at February 28–29, 2020, in Haikou, China, building on the previous successes in Wuhu, China, (2019) is proud to be in the second consecutive conference year. Each paper was reviewed by at least two independent experts. The conference would not have been a reality without the contributions of the authors. We sincerely thank all the authors for their valuable contributions. We would like to express our appreciation to all members of the Program Committee for their valuable efforts in the review process that helped us to guarantee the highest quality of the selected papers for the conference. Our special thanks are due also to the editors of Springer book series “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing,” Thomas Ditzinger, Arumugam Deivasigamani, for their assistance throughout the publication process.

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Organization

Steering Committee Chair Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo

University of Texas at San Antonio, USA

General Chair Zheng Xu

Shanghai University, China

Program Committee Chairs Mohammad Hammoudeh Reza Meimandi Parizi Octavio Loyola-González

Manchester Metropolitan University, UK University of Kennesaw, USA Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico

Publication Chairs Juan Du Shunxiang Zhang

Shanghai University, China Anhui University of Science and Technology, China

Publicity Chairs Neil. Y. Yen Vijayan Sugumaran Junchi Yan

University of Aizu, Japan Oakland University, USA IBM Research, China

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Organization

Local Organizing Chairs Jun Ye Shulei Wu

Hainan University, China Hainan Normal University, China

Program Committee Members Zheng Xu Neil Yen Shunxiang Zhang Guangli Zhu Tao Liao Xiaobo Yin Xiangfeng Luo Xiao Wei Huan Du Zhiguo Yan Zhiming Ding Jianhui Li Yi Liu Kuien Liu Feng Lu

Wei Xu Ming Hu Abdelrahman Abouarqoub Sana Belguith Rozita Dara Reza Esmaili Ibrahim Ghafir Fadi Hamad Sajjad Homayoun Nesrine Kaaniche Steven Moffat Charlie Obimbo Jibran Saleem Maryam Shahpasand Steven Walker-Roberts

Shanghai University, China University of Aizu, Japan Anhui Univ. of Sci. and Tech., China Anhui Univ. of Sci. and Tech., China Anhui Univ. of Sci. and Tech., China Anhui Univ. of Sci. and Tech., China Shanghai Univ., China Shanghai Univ., China Shanghai Univ., China Fudan University, China Beijing University of Technology, China Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tsinghua University, China Pivotal Inc., USA Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin University of China Shanghai University Middle East University, Jordan University of Auckland, New Zealand University of Guelph, Canada Amsterdam University of Applied Science, Netherlands Loughborough University, UK Israa University, Jordan Shiraz University of Technology, Iran Telecom SudParis, France Manchester Metropolitan University, UK University of Guelph, Canada Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Asia Pacific University Malaysia, Malaysia Manchester Metropolitan University, UK

Contents

Computational Intelligence, Blockchain, VR, and Their Engineering Intelligence Applications Impact of Environmental Education with VR Equipment on Learning Performance and Environmental Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zhao Yu and Xun Lin

3

Design of Sports Training Information Platform Based on Virtual Reality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun Li

10

Analysis of Digital Tourism, Virtual Tourism and Wisdom Tourism . . . Weidong Wu

18

Application of Blockchain Technology in the Integration of Management Accounting and Financial Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yanhong Wu and Xiao Wang

26

User Experience of Online Shopping Clothing Display Based on VR Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Huijuan Lai and Sungwon Lee

35

Application of Asynchronous Multi-sensor in the Fusion of School Sports, Home Sports and Community Sports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fubin Wang and Qiong Huang

42

Application of Blockchain Technology in Tax Collection and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Juan Wang

50

The Construction and Research of the Enterprise Financial Ecosystem Model Based on Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quan Liu

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Contents

Application of Information Management System in Construction Engineering Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yao Wang, Qin Tao, and Yanqing Cui

67

The Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Sports Club Training and Teaching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ye Ding

75

Review of Agricultural Intellectual Property and Agricultural Science and Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xue Zhang

82

Current Status and Prospects of Energy Saving Evaluation of Lifting Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fei Shuai, Yifan Shao, Zhihao Ge, Yifei Tong, and Xiangdong Li

90

Recognition for Dangerous Goods Vehicles in Road Based on Dangerous Goods Mark Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qianying Hou and Lei Wang

96

Information Reconstruction of Accounting Robot Based on Block Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Dongdong Li Creating/Deleting Objects Fast Forword Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Mingsi Sun and Shuaibin Wang Evacuation Model in Large Complex Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Bocheng Liu and Xinyi Guan Ink Animation at Digital Media Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Meiying Yin Marketing Decision Making, E-commerce, and Their Sustainable Intelligence Computing AHP - Based Analysis on the Effecting Factors of Crop Provision Chain Information Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Yudi Wang and Ze Gao Application of Computer Data Processing Technology in Economic Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Yijun Gong Construction of Personnel Training System Under School-Enterprise Joint Training Mode – Taking Personnel Training of “Network Space Security Major” as an Example . . . . . . . . 145 Jianlan Ren

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Impact of Internet on International-Trade from the Perspective of Information Asymmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Yushu Ding The Financial Archives Management System of University Based on Computer Network Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Lingjun Zhu Limitations of Accessory Design of Fashion Life Chain Stores Based on Internet Informatization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Hesen Li Dynamic Pricing Strategies that Consider Consumer Inertia in a Competitive Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Yunfu Huo, Mingren Ding, and Xue Yan The Influence of National Economy Informatization on the “Internet +” Social and Economic Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Junwei Xing Information Technology’s Impact on Marketing Strategy of Consumer Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Xuelian Liao and Aihua Meng Cost Management Model Based on Multidimensional System . . . . . . . . 202 Nan Hu, Jue Bo, Ran Ran, Dapeng Zhou, Ruiting Qu, Pan Hu, and Yu Xia Data Analysis on Regional Competition and Earnings Quality of City Commercial Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 YuLu Gao Design and Implementation of KPI Evaluation System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Xin Guo, Tanglong Chen, Kaifeng Chen, and You Tang Estimation Method of Observation Robustness in High Precision Geodetic Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Shiheng Zhao Competitiveness Advancement Innovation Path of GBA Heterogeneous Service Trade Firms with Entrepreneurial and Innovative Spirit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Yucong You The Method of Sports Resource Sharing Based on Computer Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Guoan Zhang Analysis of the Application of Information System in Financial Management Auditing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Boya Xu

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Contents

Fractional Fast Fourier Transform on Pricing Cruel Oil Options under Lévy Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Ming Fang and Chiu-Lan Chang Bank Card Number Identification Program Based on Template Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Ziliang Chen Innovative Research on O2O Model of Tourism Industry in Post E-Commerce Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Hao Wang Evaluation of Power Consumer Value Based on Matter Element Extension Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Jianchang Lu and Xin Wang Analysis of Low-Carbon Logistics Transportation Method Based on the Perspective of Low-Carbon Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Hanwen Liu The Transition Towards E-Commerce Poverty Alleviation in Longnan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Yong’an Qi Marketing Management Learning Dynamic Fermentation Innovation Based on Knowledge Information Ecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Wei Zhao and Lihua Huang Current Situation of University Students’ Internet Financial Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Yaguang Zhang, Xu Yin, and Jianfang Ding Development of Utility System for Electricity Bill Settlement of Power Generation Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Wang Feng and Yuan Xiang Research on Artificial Intelligence Cash Budget of Electric Power Enterprise Based on Evidence Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Zhiqiang Li and Jiting Gu Internal Control of Enterprise Computer Accounting Information System in the Age of Big Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Zhenying Ye and Jingjian Hu E-commerce Transaction Information Security Model Based on Big Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Yang Wang, Meng Tu, and Jiejie Cui Design of Agricultural Products Information E-commerce Platform . . . 329 Yongjiang Wang and You Tang

Contents

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Innovation of University Financial Management Model Based on Big Data Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Ruili Wang and Ruofan Li Demand Analysis of Potential Customers of Sports Clubs Based on Big Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Shiqiang Wang Refined Management of College Financial Budget Based on Cloud Computing Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Ruili Wang and Qiaopan Jia The E-commerce Precision Marketing Strategy in Big Data Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Junyi Lin Quantitative Analysis of Tourism Resources in Three Gorges Based on Multi-level Fuzzy Evaluation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 Meng Na and Zhao FengQing Cyber Intelligence for Education Course and Applications Construction of New Efficient Classroom Teaching Model in Mobile Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Wei Zhang Application of Thorn’s Comprehensive Model of Moral Decision-Making in the Education of Accounting Professional Judgment in the Information Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 Yanhong Wu Big Data Technology in the Reform and Innovation of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 Jiuyang Wang Investigation on Effect Evaluation of Undergraduates’ Education in Ideology and Politics Based on Small Sample Multivariate Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Shengli Wang Investigation on Education in Ideaistic and Governmental Institutions of Higher Learning Based on Informatization Under the New Medium Surroundings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Shengli Wang Application of Mathematics in Computer Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Yi Liu and Xiaobo Liu

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Contents

Patriotism Education of Higher Vocational College Students from the Perspective of New Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 Shengli Wang Literature Analysis and Practical Significance in Cite Space Environment–––Taking the Cultivation of College Students’ Cultural Confidence as an Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Pengfei Tao and Daji Wen The Application of Intelligent Classroom in College English Teaching in the Era of “Internet +” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Ou-chun Ouyang Design and Implementation of College Student Mental Health Information Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Qian Yang The Development Mode of Ecological Immigrant Community Under the Background of “Internet +” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 Xiaobing Li Physical Education Curriculum Sharing Method Based on Information Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 Xuetian Leng Design and Production of a New Console Training Platform . . . . . . . . . 461 Zhuo Yang, Zelong Zhou, and Xiaochun Zhu Thinking on the Introduction of Mobile Phone APP into College Physical Education Teaching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 Lin Wang and Li Zeng Chinese Wrong Words Detection and Correction Algorithm Based on Sentence Perplexity and Iterative Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 Wanli Song and Chunxu Zhu Efficient and Large Universe Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption with Black-Box Traceability for eHealth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 Jing Zhao and Peng Zeng Analysis and Application of Computer Modeling for MOOC . . . . . . . . 486 Chen Si Digital Music Course Based on Computer Application Technology . . . . 492 Jiaran Ding and Lin Yu Research on the Management System of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education for College Students Based on B/S Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 Wang Qiang

Contents

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Construction of the Course of International Talents Training of Chemical Engineering Specialty in Higher Vocational Education Based on SWOT Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 Yuan Luo and Ying Liu Application Design of Intelligent Computer Aided Instruction System in Aerobics Teaching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 Jingxiao Zhao Practice and Thought of Mechanical Drawing Integrated Curriculum Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 Qian Li, Junxia Xue, Jinjie Hou, Hui Li, and Ruiyu Li The Influence of Information Technology on Traditional Music Teaching in Colleges and Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 Hui Yang The Evolution of Hot Spots of Chinese Tourists’ Outbound Tourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 Chunyan Wang and Hyung-Ho Kim Construction of College Counselor Discourse System in the Internet Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 Xu Wang Application of Modern Information Technology in Ideological and Political Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 Li Hou The Path of Information Construction of Archives Management in Universities with Big Data Application Under the Internet Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 Yan Sun APP-Based Ideological Education Model for Full-Time Counsellors of Minority Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561 Chen Ji Based on the Artificial Intelligence Technology in Higher Vocational English Major Students After-School Tutoring System Design Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 Rong Li The Construction and Application of “MOOC + Flipped Classroom” Teaching Model for Table Tennis in Colleges and Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 Xiaofang Liao

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Innovation and Practice of “1 + N” Composite Design Talent Network Training Model: A Case Study of New Higher Education . . . . 582 Yuanyuan Li Educational Model of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Based on the Concepts of OBE and MOOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 Zhibin Li Short Paper Posters Detection Algorithm of DoS High Camouflage Attack Feature Based on S_Kohonen Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 Wei Hu, Jing Li, Jie Cheng, Han Guo, and Hui Xie Research on Network Security Situation Awareness Strategy Based on Markov Game Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 Yeqian Li Innovation and Practice of Talent Training Mode of Robot Engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 Jia Tian and Jian Fang Simulation Algorithm of Difficulty Movements in Competitive Aerobics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 Yanping Peng The Application of Process Simulation Software of Aspen Plus Chemical Engineering in the Design of Distillation Column . . . . . . . . . . 618 Qiu Chen Design of Automatic Control System for VSCF Wind Power Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 Xiqiang Xie Operating Efficiency Optimal Control Algorithms of Flue Gas Denitrification System in Thermal Power Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 Junying Ren and Yuchen Liu Design of Noise Test System for Aeroengine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633 Xiaofeng Lin Research and Practice of Cloud Desktop Teaching System . . . . . . . . . . 638 Wei Zhang Precise Decision Algorithm for Difficult Students in Colleges and Universities Based on Big Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 Huijie Qu Big-Data Technology in the Reform of Ideo-Political Education in Higher Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647 Ying Liu and Yuan Luo

Contents

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Application of Artificial Intelligence in Machine Translation . . . . . . . . . 653 Hao Chen Garment Modeling Design System Based on Image Brightness Enhancement Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658 Jing Guo Motion Control of Four-Axis Aircraft Based on LabVIEW . . . . . . . . . . 663 Guo Luo, Siwen Zhang, Limin Pan, Cuijing Lu, Hui Li, Xiaofen Liang, and Peiyi Qiu Intelligent Correction Algorithm for Energy Metering Data for Lean Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 Bin Ye Intelligent Management and Control of Border Areas Based on Sky-Ground Big Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672 Cheng Cheng and Jinbo Wu Intelligent Management and Control of Transportation Hubs Based on Big Data Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676 Cheng Cheng and Jinbo Wu Intelligent Management of Chemical Industry Parks Based on Big Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680 Cheng Cheng and Jinbo Wu Vehicle Management System Based on Big Data Technology . . . . . . . . . 685 Bo Zhao, Cheng Cheng, Yuxin Cai, and Ming Yang Simulation Analysis of Carbon Tax’s Impact on China’s Economy Based on Dynamic CEG Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689 Chen Nian Intelligent Early Warning Algorithm for Students’ Mentality Transformation in Psychological Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 Hongxia Huang The Design of Scientific Research Management System in Colleges and Universities Based on Computer Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 Chunhu Shi Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705

Computational Intelligence, Blockchain, VR, and Their Engineering Intelligence Applications

Impact of Environmental Education with VR Equipment on Learning Performance and Environmental Identity Zhao Yu(&) and Xun Lin School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China [email protected]

Abstract. For the goals of environmental education, people should be encouraged to contact with the natural and increase the awareness and knowledge. Nowadays, immersive virtual reality (VR) devices provide people with a way to visualize the natural environment. Users can use it to create a real experience in the environment, not just the images they see. This empirical study suggests that an environmental education programs by VR and normal environmental films can be effective in helping to improving learning performance and environmental identity. The method of analysis is quantitative analysis, combined with qualitative. The experimental group used VR equipment to view VR video clips while the control group used a desktop computer to observe the same video clips. The subjects were given the same questionnaire after video viewing. The questionnaire included environmental knowledge related to video clips and a CNS scale. The results answered the research questions well and supported these hypotheses: (1) The use of VR equipment will affect the learning performance of the subjects. (2) The use of VR equipment could improve the environmental identity of the subjects. Compared with the control group, CNS scale in the experimental group showed a higher level of environmental identity. Keywords: Immersive environments
Learning effectiveness
Connectedness to nature scale
Environmental education

1 Introduction Worldwide, the direct contact between people and nature are getting harder. People nowadays are more disconnected from nature than ever before. The key factor, sustained urbanization, makes the living environment full of man-made materials. This phenomenon is not only harmful to public health, but also reduces the severity of environmental crisis. For the goals of environmental education, people should be encouraged to contact with the natural environment and increase the awareness and knowledge of environment [1]. Such serious implications highlight the importance of reconnecting people with nature, as well as focusing research and public policy on addressing and improving awareness of the extinction of experience [2].

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Z. Xu et al. (Eds.): CSIA 2020, AISC 1147, pp. 3–9, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43309-3_1

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People could increase their knowledge and enhance their recognition by direct contact with nature. And it can also be done indirectly, such as watching environmental films, getting in touch with the wild, playing Outdoor games, etc. Comparing with traditional media technology, immersive VR devices provide a more effective solution to solve the cost, repeatability, immediate feedback, danger and physical substitution problem of the natural environment. It also reduces the requirements for training and skills for environmental education in real natural environment [3]. The application of virtual reality technology in teaching and training is increasing and many disciplines are using virtual reality applications to improve the efficiency during their work processes.

2 Related Work Anja showed that in the field of environmental education, the relationship between the effectiveness of environmental education and the public attitudes has been a subject of increasing study in recent years. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of experiments on environmental education to explain the gap between environmental knowledge and environmental awareness. Many different theoretical frameworks have been developed to study how people can show environmentally friendly behaviors. To revise connectedness to nature scale and examine its reliability and validity, Li and Wu revised the Chinese version of the Natural Connection Scale. The Chinese version of connectedness to nature scale has good reliability and validity, Which can used as an instrument to measure the relationship between individual and nature [4]. With the reduction of hardware cost of Head Mounted Display (Hmd) and Visual Tracking technology, Virtual Reality is more and more widely used in education field. Users can interact with the virtual experience utilizing their body movements as an input device, inducing a sense of presence or “being there” where the user considers the environments as places visited rather than images seen [5]. When VR simulations are used as a learning tool, the research has shown that increasing the sense presence improves learning outcomes. [6]. With the advancement of virtual reality hardware, higher interaction fidelity has been achieved. Human-computer interaction is becoming more and more close to the real-world interaction mode. Researchers can simulate more realistic natural and social environments to help people learn knowledge or improve experience. The proposed approach is generic and can be utilized as a part of any learning environment to enhance students learning productivity [1]. Buttussi and Chittaro suggests that the availability of high-fidelity VR displays produce more engagement and presence could make users more likely to play the game again, refreshing and reinforcing the knowledge acquired as well as acquiring more knowledge. And there was no effect of type of display on self-efficacy assessed after 2 weeks [7]. Our socialized virtual environment seems to play an important role in learning outcomes. The pupils had a higher sense of presence and completed their learning tasks more easily and successfully in the case of their egocentric representation model using the HMD [3].

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3 Materials and Methods 3.1

Hypotheses

Reference to literature on environmental education, especially the application of new technologies and videos in Environmental Education. We speculate that the use of VR technology will affect the subjects’ learning effectiveness and environmental identity indicators. Based on the above discussions, the following hypotheses were derived: H1 The learning performance of the experimental group using VR equipment will be better than that of the control group. H2 Compared with the control group, CNS questionnaires of the experimental group using VR equipment showed a higher level of environmental identity. 3.2

Participants

The 52 undergraduate students of different majors in Shanghai Jiao Tong University (male: female = 26:26) were randomly assigned into two groups: one experimental group (n = 26) and one control group (n = 26). The subjects in both groups were watched the same 20-min video of a documentary about environmental protection (a clip of BBC’s Planet Earth 2). The experimental group used VR equipment, while the control group watched with a laptop computer respectively. The subjects in both groups were asked to fill in the questionnaire of 10 environmental question according to the video clip and the Chinese version of the Natural Connections to Nature Scale (CNS) after the experiment. None of the participant had ever watched the video clip before. 3.3

Materials

In the same classroom, the subjects in the experimental group used the head-mounted virtual reality equipment by HTC VIVE (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. VR equipment used by experimental group

The documentary has a VR and a normal video version with the same content. The control group used a desktop computer to watch the same video clips. Figure 2 shows the VR video interface for the experimental group.

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Fig. 2. VR video interface viewed by experimental group

3.4

Procedure

This research studied the changes of learning performance and environmental identity of subjects after receiving different forms of environmental education films. After a brief introduction, the experimental group matched the VR equipment to watch the video clips, while the control group used desktop computers to watch the same video clips. Subjects were given the same questionnaire after 20 min of video viewing. There were 24 questions in the questionnaire, which were used to measure the learning effect and the change of identity of the subjects in environmental education. Item 1–10 are the environmental knowledge from the video clips. Used to test participants’ learning performance, each question scored 10 points. Questions 11–24 are a scale to measure the level of the participants’ connection with nature. The tests of learning performance and CNS were conducted anonymously, but the questionnaires of each participant were collected and stored in separate files for individual analysis. 3.5

Statistics

The results of the questionnaire were analyzed from two dimensions: learning performance and environmental identity. SPSS 20.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis and charts. T-test was used to compare whether there were significant differences in the results of environmental identity (CNS) between the two groups.

4 Results 4.1

Learning Performance

The learning performance of the first 10 items of the questionnaire are shown in Table 1. The table shows that the highest and lowest total scores of the experimental group were close to those of the control group, but the average and lowest scores were significantly higher than those of the control group. The number of people who answered more than 6 questions correctly in the experimental group (n = 13) was also higher than that in the control group (n = 9), of which p = 0.10.

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Table 1. Contrast of learning performance of environmental education knowledge between experimental group and control group Item

Mean SD

Experimental 62 group Control group 55

Highest scor

Minimum score

Excellent (81–100)

Good Medium (61–80) (41–60)

Adequate (21–40)

Poor (0–20)

18.86 100

30

4

9

7

6

0

20.61 100

20

2

7

9

7

1

By comparing the scores of learning performance between the two groups, we can see that the average and minimum scores of the experimental group are higher than those of the control group, and the number of students with better grades (“above middle level”) is also larger than that of the control group (Fig. 3). Meanwhile, many participants claimed that VR video brought them a more authentic experience based on simple satisfaction feedback (36/52, 69.23%). Most of the participants said they had a stronger sense of participation in watching VR videos and were more attentive (43/52, 82.69%).

Fig. 3. Comparisons of the number of students in the scoring range of learning performance between the experimental group and the control group

4.2

Environmental Identity

The CNS scale shows the descriptive statistics of the individual indicators of the CNS scale between two groups. The details for each item’s average and standard deviation of the CNS Scale of both groups are listed in Table 2. Comparing the difference between experimental group and control group. When the CNS score was regarded as a control variable, the average value of the control group was lower than that of experimental group the in 9 of the 14 indexes. VR equipment led to these differences (F = 1.79, P = 0.07).

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Z. Yu and X. Lin Table 2. Descriptive statistics and t-test of CNS total score Item CNS P < 0.01

Experimental group Mean SD 3.35 0.87

Control group Mean SD 2.84 0.85

t-test 2.06

Table 2 shows the descriptive statistics and t-test of CNS total score (F = 8.290, P = 0.013). There is a significant difference between the experimental group using VR for environmental learning and the control group watching ordinary video. The average of the experimental group was 3.64 and the standard deviation was 0.71, while the average of the control group was 2.71 and the standard deviation was 0.68. Therefore, the subjects in the experimental group have a higher level of environmental identity than those in the control group.

5 Conclusion and Further Research 5.1

Discussion

(1) The statistical results of learning performance show that: On the macro scale, the average score, the experimental group were better except for the standard deviation and the highest score, and the difference of the index value was about 10 points. The score advantage of the experimental group indicates that the intervention of VR equipment in environmental education had a positive correlation with learning performance (2) The novelty and focus of VR equipment could be the main reason, which shows that environmental education intervention by VR equipment can improve students’ satisfaction. The data of the CNS scale on the evaluation of “environmental identity” shows that intervention of VR equipment leads to the changes in CNS items. 5.2

Conclusion

Although this study only used questionnaires and CNS scales to test the learning performance and environmental identity, it can also reflect the subjects’ differences under different forms of environmental education. In this paper, a brief discussion is made in order to provide ideas for further research. These results support our hypothesis: Compared with the ordinary video mode, environmental education using VR technology is easier to promote the subjects’ explicit learning performance and Implicit Environmental identity [8]. This study has made some explorations on the effect of environmental education, while it should be noted that such a study is still limited in breadth and depth because of the limitations of the scale of the experiment, the technical level, the research methods and the author’s research experience and level [9]. There are some limitations of this study. Firstly, there is no evaluation of environmental knowledge and identity before and after environmental education. Neither did the participants return for more than two weeks to test whether environmental

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education had a long-term impact on the participants. Secondly, only VR technology intervention is considered as a variable. For this research, there are many variables which could affect the effect of environmental education. This study did not analyze the environmental identity of the subjects who did not do environmental education, used words or pictures to receive environmental education and so on. The findings of this study do not help to explain the impact of these factors. Thirdly, this study used college students as subjects, which could not exclude the preference and influence by age, educational background, new technology acceptance and other factors on the way of environmental education. The validity of the experimental results is obviously limited, which affects the explanatory power of the research findings. Acknowledgements. We would like to thank to the students from Shanghai Jiao Tong University for their help as the subjects.

References 1. Alam, A., Ullah, S., Ali, N.: The effect of learning-based adaptivity on students’ performance in 3D-virtual learning environments. IEEE Access 6, 3400–3407 (2018) 2. Soga, M., Gaston, K.J.: Extinction of experience: the loss of human-nature interactions. Front. Ecol. Environ. 14(2), 94–101 (2016) 3. Briede-Westermeyer, J., Leal, I., Cereceda, G.: The teaching/learning process of observation in the design career. Interciencia 44, 171–177 (2019) 4. Na, L., Jianping, W.: Revise of the connectedness to nature scale and its reliability and validity. China J. Health Psychol. 24(9), 1347–1350 (2016) 5. Slater, M., Wilbur, S.: A Framework for Immersive Virtual Environments (FIVE): Speculations on the Role of Presence in Virtual Environments. MIT Press, Cambridge (1997) 6. Caicedo, M., Camacho, R., Cordero, F.F., García, F., Torres, H.: Virtual research and learning communities in latin America: the CEVALE2VE case. Interciencia 42(11), 733–738 (2017) 7. Buttussi, F., Chittaro, L.: Effects of different types of virtual reality display on presence and learning in a safety training scenario. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 24, 1063–1076 (2017) 8. Cho, Y., Lee, D.: “Love honey, hate honey bees”: reviving biophilia of elementary school students through environmental education program. Environ. Educ. Res. 24, 445–460 (2017) 9. Duerden, M.D., Witt, P.A.: The impact of direct and indirect experiences on the development of environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. J. Environ. Psychol. 30(4), 379–392 (2010)

Design of Sports Training Information Platform Based on Virtual Reality Jun Li(&) Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, Jilin, China [email protected]

Abstract. With the rapid progress of science and technology, especially computer technology and sensor technology, virtual reality technology has gradually entered people’s vision and is a new technology that has attracted people’s attention in recent years. At present, the application of virtual reality is gradually widespread, involving entertainment, education, military and other fields. In recent years, as the country attaches more importance to sports, the requirements of sports training are becoming higher. In order to continuously improve the effect of physical training, physical training is gradually combined with virtual reality technology, and it is gradually trying to realize the design of the information platform of physical training on its basis. However, there are many problems in the design of sports training information platform. How to realize the effective application of virtual reality in the design of sports training information platform and promote the realization of platform design as soon as possible has become the focus of people’s attention. Based on virtual reality and canny edge detection algorithm, this paper proposes a specific way of designing sports training information platform. On the one hand, it speeds up the construction of the information platform, and on the other hand, it provides a certain theoretical basis for future research on relevant aspects. Keywords: Virtual reality
Physical training Canny edge detection algorithm


Information platform design


1 Introduction With the rapid development of science and technology, especially computer technology, China’s virtual reality technology has made great progress. At present, virtual reality technology is widely applied in various fields [1]. Especially since the 18th national congress of the CPC put forward the “Internet plus” strategy, computer-related technology has become more active in various fields, and virtual reality technology has gradually been widely applied in sports training. The combination of virtual reality technology and sports training is the practical need of the development of science and technology as well as the development of sports. It is the inevitable of historical development and conforms to the strategic needs of “rejuvenating the country through sports and strengthening the country through science and technology” [2, 3]. Currently, in order to continuously improve the effect of physical training, China constantly strengthens the construction of information platform for physical training on the basis © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Z. Xu et al. (Eds.): CSIA 2020, AISC 1147, pp. 10–17, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43309-3_2

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of virtual reality [4]. The construction of this information platform can promote the transformation of physical training methods, promote the flexible use of physical training resources, and improve the effect of physical training to a large extent, with good practical significance [5, 6]. The sports training platform can also realize the effective collection and processing of sports training data and realize the timely control of sports training information. However, there are many problems in the design of China’s sports training information platform, which seriously hinder its construction process [7]. The first is the high cost of hardware equipment construction, the second is the low level of software facilities, unable to meet the actual needs, especially the current virtual reality in sports training promotion is not strong. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to conduct in-depth research on the design of sports training information platform based on virtual reality [8, 9]. At present, many domestic and foreign scholars have also conducted a series of indepth studies on the design of sports training information platform, mainly focusing on the problems of platform construction, the significance of information platform construction and the construction strategy. A few studies also involve the specific application of virtual reality technology in college physical training [10, 11]. However, there are few researches on the specific architecture of the design of sports training information platform, and even fewer researches on the establishment of virtual reality technology. From this point of view, there is still a big theoretical gap in this research [12, 13]. In order to make up for this gap theory, in this paper, on the basis of the virtual reality technology, first of all, the concept of virtual reality technology and the related contact with sports training has carried on the simple, and with the help of a canny edge detection algorithm for virtual reality in digital image processing was calculated in sports training, on the basis of this puts forward the relevant sports training information platform of the overall design [14, 15]. On the one hand, it is beneficial to accelerate the design process of sports training information platform. On the other hand, it provides a certain theoretical basis for future research on relevant aspects.

2 Method 2.1

Virtual Reality Technology and Physical Training

Virtual reality technology, also known as VR, is a high-end technology produced by the rapid development of computers. With the continuous development of computer network, the performance of virtual reality technology has been improved and applied to various fields. Virtual reality mainly focuses on the construction of network immersion characteristics and interactivity, which can bring people into a real situation to achieve real experience effect. In fact, it is built on the comprehensive basis of a variety of high-end technologies, including network technology, multi-sensor technology and artificial intelligence technology. Physical training with the help of virtual technology is a relatively thorough change, can better change the traditional way of

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physical training, with the help of the constant change of information environment makes the training mode of trainers can also be flexible change. Virtual technology can create virtual sports equipment, and not enough time and space constraints, equipment and change can be carried out at any time, so that the training content is constantly updated, to achieve the coordination of training and technology. Moreover, due to the strong interactive characteristics of virtual reality, students can quickly enter the physical training in the virtual environment, which greatly improves the effect of physical training. In addition, the virtual training system provides students with a safe training environment to avoid the occurrence of dangerous sports training events. 2.2

Canny Edge Detection Algorithm

In the application of virtual reality technology in sports training, we must first deal with the problem of motion edge detection. Moving edge detection can realize the sensitive tracking of moving objects in the sequence of virtual situation, so as to better grasp the movement situation in the process of sports training. The edge detection algorithm commonly used in virtual reality technology is canny edge detection algorithm, which can effectively extract the edge information of the image of virtual situation and realize the comprehensive processing of the information. The primary step of canny edge detection algorithm is gaussian filtering, which can make the scene image of virtual reality more smooth and real. The specific formula of gaussian filtering is as follows: 1 gr ðm; nÞ ¼ pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi eðm þ nÞ
f ðm; nÞ 2pr

ð1Þ

Where, the gray value of the pixel point (m,n) at a specific position is expressed as f(m,n). After gaussian filtering, the gradient value and direction need to be calculated. That is, the degree and direction of change of f(m,n) of gray value. The specific calculation formula is as follows: Gðm; nÞ ¼

qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi gx ðm; nÞ þ gy ðm; nÞ

ð2Þ

Where, gx(m,n) and gy(m,n) are respectively used to represent the gradient values in different directions, while G(m,n) represents the comprehensive gradient. After relevant calculation of the comprehensive gradient, it is necessary to detect the edge with the help of a threshold. In order to improve the accuracy of detection, two thresholds are set, the upper threshold and the lower threshold respectively, and maxVal and minVal are used to represent the two thresholds. Canny edge detection algorithm is used to consider the edge movement of image in virtual reality situation, which can effectively solve the problem of ignoring pixel edge in the design of virtual sports training information platform and improve the overall effect of the information platform.

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3 Design of Sports Training Information Platform 3.1

Introduction to the Proposed Development Technology

The main technologies for the design of the sports training information platform are as follows: the server is Apache server, the operating system is Windows system, language development is carried out with the help of PHP, and the background database of the information platform is established with MySQL database. The proposed adoption of the above technology is mainly determined by its own enormous advantages. The PHP language is highly secure, capable of simultaneous multi-platform interaction, and performs much faster than other technologies. At present, most web platforms are using PHP language technology; MySQL database has fast running speed and low running cost, so it is a good choice to build dynamic database. And the information platform design is recognized as the best combination of PHP, MySQL and Apache server. Therefore, the author plans to adopt the combination of Apache+PHP+MySQL in the design of the sports training platform. 3.2

Selection of Technical Framework

At present, there are two main forms of network connection: B/S and C/S. Therefore, in the design of the sports training information platform, it is necessary to test the two forms of network connection and select the one with higher comprehensive performance as the technical framework of the sports training information platform. The technical architecture of the platform system mainly includes three levels, namely logical layer, data layer and application layer. Testing the technical architecture involves multiple aspects at each level, including security, operational costs, and data updates. After comprehensive testing of these levels, the optimal mode is considered as the technical framework of the platform. 3.3

Experimental Steps of Platform Design

First, data collection and collation; The application of virtual technology in sports training is obtained by consulting relevant materials, and the data are recorded in detail. By mastering the application, the fit between virtual reality and sports training can be analyzed, which provides effective data support for the establishment of sports training information platform. Second, platform level data analysis under different modes; The platform level data of B/S and C/S mode are calculated, including logic layer, application layer and data layer, security, update time and operation cost from design to each level. After recording the data, the model suitable for the design of sports training information platform is obtained through in-depth analysis. Third, edge detection; Edge detection is carried out for the total platform and each sub-platform under virtual reality technology. Canny edge detection algorithm is used for calculation and data statistics. According to the calculation results, the platform design is adjusted accordingly to improve the performance of each sub-platform and the overall platform.

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4 Discuss 4.1

Experimental Results and Analysis

Through the above experiment, and analyzes the experimental data, we can draw the conclusion: virtual reality technology can realize effective combination and sports training, sports training platform design of overall structure is more complicated and involve more than one level, at the same time to sports training information platform based on virtual reality design must consider when edge detection problem. The specific data and results of the experiment are shown in Table 1 below. The data in the chart are the results compiled by the author. Table 1. Hierarchical data of sports training informatization platform under different modes Security Update time Operating costs B/S Logic layer 78% Real time 32% Data layer 89% Real time 0 Application layer 82% Real time 17% C/S Logic layer 71% Time delay 49% Data layer 80% Time delay 34% Application layer 76% Time delay 21% *Data came from the in-depth analysis of financial data in the experiment

4.2

Realization of Sports Training Information Platform

(1) Determination of technical framework As can be seen from Table 1, the data in B/S mode is updated in real time, and the security performance is higher than that in C/S mode. In particular, the operating cost of C/S mode is much higher than that of B/S mode, and the operating cost of entering the data layer is 34% higher. After verification, it is found that B/S mode has a strong advantage in virtual reality technology. Therefore, the application of B/S mode in virtual reality is more common than C/S mode. The advantages of B/S lie in the low cost of platform construction and maintenance, timely data update, low requirements on hardware facilities, and good expansibility and flexibility. Therefore, B/S mode is selected as the technical framework of the platform. (2) Setting of sub-platforms In content, location and form of sports training are analyzed on the basis of the author has carried on the design to sports training information platform, the sports training information platform for training management, training resource and training requirements, design the sports training management platform, training resources platform and training activities. The sub-platform of sports training management is mainly responsible for a series of work of sports training management, including multiple modules such as training scores, training tests, training times and health management. This sub-platform can ensure the timely

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grasp of the relevant information of physical training, and adjust the physical training according to the information data. The sub-platform of physical training resources mainly manages training resources, including training courses, network information resource database, training equipment database and interactive platform. With the help of the sub-platform of sports training resources, various training resources can be effectively mobilized to realize independent sports training. At the same time, the interactive module of the platform can strengthen the communication between different personnel about sports training and promote mutual learning among them. The sub-platform of physical training activities is mainly for the management of physical training activities, including training activities, sports competitions, physical fitness test and other sections, and the overall control of a series of training activities. (3) Marginalization detection of the platform In the application of virtual reality technology in sports training, we must first deal with the problem of motion edge detection. Moving edge detection can realize the sensitive tracking of moving objects in the sequence of virtual situation, so as to better grasp the movement situation in the process of sports training. In virtual reality technology, virtual situation or image edge is easy to be ignored, so that the result of virtual reality is affected. The marginalization detection of the platform is related to the authenticity and reliability of virtual reality in the application of physical training, which is the most important part of the platform design. The result of marginalization detection is also an important index to measure the reliability of the system.

31%

18% 24%

27%

Total Platform Trainning Resource Platform Trainning Management Platform Trainning Platform Fig. 1. Influence of edge detection on sports training information platform

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As can be seen from Fig. 1, edge detection of virtual technology can effectively improve the operational efficiency of the sports training information platform, in which the overall efficiency of the platform is increased by 18%, and the efficiency of training resources and training management sub-platforms of training activities are respectively improved by 24%, 27% and 31%. On this basis, the operation effect of the platform will be improved to a certain extent, which indicates that the sports training information platform has reliability.

5 Conclusion Virtual reality technology provides technical support for the establishment of sports training platform. The design of sports training information platform is conducive to the realization of sports training information, to strengthen the management of sports training, and to promote the timely adjustment of sports training. Moreover, the expansion of physical training resources can be realized, the diversity and flexible transformation of training resources can be guaranteed, and the restriction of physical training resources on physical training can be reduced. It plays a direct role in promoting the effect of physical training.

References 1. Gang, L., Shimin, J.: Research on construction and management of the information platform of the sports training monitoring laboratories in sports research institutes. Contemp. Sports Technol. 33(2), 124–127 (2017) 2. Wu, H.J., Li, X.K., Zhao, H.Y.: A research on sports training auxiliary system based on cloud computing. Appl. Mech. Mater. 37(15), 397–400 (2017) 3. Chang, E.C.H., Chu, C.H., Karageorghis, C.I.: Relationship between mode of sport training and general cognitive performance. J. Sport Health Sci. 6(1), 89–95 (2017) 4. Santos, S., Jiménez, S., Sampaio, J.: Effects of the Skills4Genius sports-based training program in creative behavior. PLoS ONE 12(2), 172 (2017) 5. Hao, Y.: Platform design of sports meeting management system for regular colleges and universities based on B/S structure. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 102(2), 1223–1232 (2018) 6. Hui, Q.: Motion video tracking technology in sports training based on Mean-Shift algorithm. J. Supercomputing 12(7), 551–556 (2019) 7. Lee, H.T., Kim, Y.S.: The effect of sports VR training for improving human body composition. EURASIP J. Image Video Process. 20(1), 234–238 (2018) 8. Laby, D.M.: Case report: use of sports and performance vision training to benefit a low vision patient’s function. Optometry Vis. Sci. 95(9), 12–15 (2018) 9. Jing, S.G., Wan, W.Y.: Analysis of lower limbs dynamics and its application in the sports training based on computer vision. Appl. Mech. Mater. 12(17), 513–517 (2018) 10. Capranica, L., Millard-Stafford, M.L.: Youth sport specialization: how to manage competition and training. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 6(4), 572–579 (2017) 11. Pod1, T.R., Zmuda, J.M., Yurgalevith, S.M.: Lipoproteinlipase activity and plasma triglyceride clearance are elevated in endurance-trained wome. Metabolism 43(7), 8082– 8131 (2017)

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12. Stricker, P.R.: Sports training issues for the pediatric athlete. Pediatric Clin. North Am. 49(4), 793–802 (2017) 13. Hey, J., Carter, S.: Pervasive computing in sports training. IEEE Perv. Comput. 4(3), 54 (2017) 14. Fister, I., Rauter, S., Yang, X.-S.: Planning the sports training sessions with the bat algorithm. Neurocomputing 149(7), 993–1002 (2017) 15. Neilson, V., Ward, S., Hume, P.: Effects of augmented feedback on training jump landing tasks for ACL injury prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys. Ther. Sport: Official J. Assoc. Chartered Physiotherapists Sports Med. 39(63), 126–136 (2019)

Analysis of Digital Tourism, Virtual Tourism and Wisdom Tourism Weidong Wu(&) Business School Tourism Department, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, People’s Republic of China [email protected] Abstract. Under the background of tourism information, concepts such as digital tourism, virtual tourism and smart tourism have emerged in the tourism industry. It is necessary to analyze the similarities and differences of the three concepts. Although these three concepts are the products of the information age, their background, involved subject, technical support system, research level, application scope, tourism mode, tourism cost, involved tourism elements, the impact on the tourism environment and other aspects are all different. In the process of the development of information tourism in the future, tourists should be taken as the center to integrate tourism information resources and strengthen the construction of intelligent tourism. Keywords: Digital tourism


Virtual tourism
Wisdom tourism

1 Introduction Although these three concepts are the products of the information age, their background, involved subject, technical support system, research level, application scope, tourism mode, tourism cost, involved tourism elements, the impact on the tourism environment and other aspects are all different. In the process of the development of information tourism in the future, tourists should be taken as the center to integrate tourism information resources and strengthen the construction of intelligent tourism.

2 Overview of Digital Tourism, Virtual Tourism and Wisdom Tourism 2.1

Definition of Digital Tourism, Virtual Tourism and Wisdom Tourism

Definition of Digital Tourism Since 1980s, with the comprehensive construction of information superhighway, digital tourism has become a focus of tourism authorities and tourism enterprises [1]. It mainly provides supervision and services for tourism administrative departments, as well as image display, product sales and other functions for tourism enterprises and comprehensive services for tourists in terms of food, accommodation, transportation, tourism, shopping and entertainment [2]. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Z. Xu et al. (Eds.): CSIA 2020, AISC 1147, pp. 18–25, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43309-3_3

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Definition of Virtual Tourism At first the concept of virtual tourism was translated from foreign literature. At present, it is generally believed that Virtual tourism is a kind of new tourism experience activity, which is based on virtual reality technology, computer technology, touch screen, 360degree panoramic experience technology, 3D animation technology and so on. Different from real tourism, tourists can experience the simulated real tourism scene content and feel the tourism scenery without leaving home [3]. Definition of Wisdom Tourism In 2009, the concept of smart tourism was first proposed. Although it is relatively late, it has attracted extensive attention of experts and scholars. It is a new form of tourism that provides relevant tourism information for tourism subjects including tourists, scenic spots, tourism enterprises and tourism management departments [4]. 2.2

The Characteristics of Digital Tourism, Virtual Tourism and Wisdom Tourism

The Characteristics of Digital Tourism The Digital The technical support of digital tourism is spatial information technology such as remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS), global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and network/Internet, computer technology. Integrity Digital tourism is a computer application system with tourism information as the core, which involves all the elements of tourism activities and is a complete process, so digital tourism has integrity. Real-Time The computer information system of digital tourism updates tourism information and serves information in time, and provides the latest tourism trends for tourism governments, enterprises and tourists, which also reflects the real-time performance of digital tourism. Objectivity Digital tourism combines geographic information system (GIS) and computer technology effectively. The data information based on GIS technology is objective and fair. The Characteristics of Virtual Tourism Virtual Nature In the virtual tourism activities, the scenic spots that tourists feel are synthesized by virtual reality technology and 3D technology [5, 6]. People only appreciate a simulated scene through the Internet, so virtual tourism is virtual. Autonomy Tourists can choose their favorite scenic spots and travel methods through the Internet and according to their preferences.

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Economical Efficiency Tourists do not have to be affected by work arrangements, weather, etc., do not have to spend time and money on accommodation, catering, transportation and so on [7]. Safety Firstly, tourists are safe in virtual tourism, and the virtual tourism environment is more secure than the reality. Secondly, tourist attractions, cultural relics, facilities and other safety issues that can’t damaged by tourists [8]. The Characteristics of Wisdom Tourism Intelligent The main application objects of wisdom tourism are intelligent government, intelligent enterprises, intelligent scenic spots and intelligent tourists [9]. These four factors can fully explain the intelligence of intelligent tourism. Timely Tourists get relevant tourism information in time through smart client, while carrying out tourism activities, sharing their own tourism activities in a timely manner; Similarly, tourism information, tourism services can be transmitted in a timely manner [10]. Individualization and Humanization Intelligent tourism can provide targeted personalized services for every tourist, and intelligent tourism pays more attention to the whole journey experience, and provides tourists with the whole journey experience, which is full of humanization.

3 A Comparison of Similarities and Differences Among Digital Tourism, Virtual Tourism and Wisdom Tourism 3.1

An Analysis of the Differences Among Digital Tourism, Virtual Tourism and Wisdom Tourism

The Propose Background are Different Digital Tourism Digital tourism came into being under the background of “Digital Earth” put forward by Gore in 1998, and its concept also came from “Digital Earth”. Virtual Tourism In the 1990s, virtual reality technology and tourism combined rapidly, and virtual tourism emerged as the times require. Wisdom Tourism There is no reference to wisdom tourism in foreign countries. It was creatively put forward by Chinese scholars based on the concept of “wisdom earth”.

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Involving Different Subjects Digital Tourism Digital tourism service target mainly includes the government competent department, the tourism enterprise, the tourist. For example, the “Golden Travel Project” put forward by the National Tourism Administration is to realize informatization on the basis of integrating and processing domestic and foreign tourism resources, help the government to build office automation system, and to realize the government’s e-commerce system for tourism. Virtual Tourism In virtual tourism activities, tourists get information and knowledge about real tourism products through virtual tourism websites. Scenic spots can be protected to the greatest extent. For example, the “beyond time and space” virtual tourism project of Beijing Palace Museum, using virtual reality technology and 3D technology, tourists can not only enjoy virtual tour guides’ explaining service, but also can choose to visit as princesses or princes, and can click on the mouse to take pictures of nostalgia. Wisdom Tourism Wisdom tourism is a very complex system engineering, which involves a wide range of subjects, such as capital and policy help, infrastructure, departmental coordination and so on, which needs to be led by the government. Its main body includes tourism government departments, scenic spots, enterprises, tourists and so on. Technical Support System are Different Digital Tourism The key technologies of digital tourism include broadband network and electronic technology, geographic information system, remote sensing, global positioning system, multiple database technology, decision support system, data mining and data fusion technology, a variety of software integration technology, virtual reality technology and so on. Virtual Tourism The main technical support of virtual tourism is computer, Internet multimedia, touch screen, 360° panoramic experience technology, 3D animation technology, virtual reality technology and so on. Wisdom Tourism The technical foundation of wisdom tourism includes cloud Internet of things technology, Internet technology (Web 2.0 technology, three network fusion technology), 3G, 4G mobile communication technology, sensing technology, cloud computing, Internet of things, high-speed wireless communication technology, geographic information system, virtual reality technology and so on. The Research Objects are Different Digital Tourism Digital tourism service can be divided into government level, scenic spot level, tourism enterprise level, consumer information acquisition platform level and so on.

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Government departments grasp the development direction of digital tourism in a region, and what plays an important role is tourism e-government. Virtual Tourism The research level of virtual tourism mainly includes tourism enterprises, scenic spots and tourists. Tourism enterprises establish virtual tourism scenes, tourists through the Internet to carry out tourism activities. Wisdom Tourism Wisdom tourism includes four parts: intelligent government, intelligent scenic spot, intelligent enterprise and intelligent tourist. Intelligent government can improve government supervision, service and decision - making through computer, Internet etc. For example, the intelligent tourism bureau embodies the important decision-making ability in the tourism industry, the intelligent tourism bureau can strengthen the public management construction, and forms the alliance with the industry and commerce bureau, the transportation department and so on, is beneficial to the travel agency operation and so on. Intelligent scenic spot in management and service, such as monitoring system, security system, measured system and so on, can strengthen the management of scenic spot. Intelligent enterprise is a high level of intelligence enterprise, with high learning ability, can make a rapid response according to the internal and external environment of the enterprise. Smart tourists choose tourism products and share the process of tourism activities through terminals such as smart phones. Application Scopes are Different Digital Tourism Digital tourism is the macro application of information technology in tourism. Its research focus includes government administrative departments, tourism enterprises, scenic spots and tourism consumers. It is a preliminary construction of the research and practical application of tourism information theory, and it is mainly based on the construction of tourism e-government. Virtual Tourism Virtual tourism allows tourists to enjoy the beauty of the world without leaving home, and moving “scenic spots home” is a subversion of traditional tourism. It is mainly reflected in the word “tour” of tourists. Virtual tourism is not only the micro application research of digital tourism, but also a specific level of digital tourism research. It mainly focuses on tourism e-commerce and the construction of tourism enterprise website. Wisdom Tourism Intelligent tourism not only studies the micro level of tourism elements, but also studies the macro field of tourism. It is developed on the basis of digital tourism and virtual tourism, and it is a more advanced name. It can be said that it is the representative of tourism informatization, reflects the comprehensive and comprehensive tourism convenience, and is the most wonderful part of the development of tourism informatization.

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The Tourists’ Travel Way and the Required Expenses are Different Digital Tourism The emergence of digital tourism has changed the way people travel. An efficient network information platform that connects scenic spots, tourism enterprises, government departments and tourists. Visitors can access information and related information through the platform, book tickets, hotels, etc. Virtual Tourism Virtual tourism activities are to visit virtual and simulated scenes through the Internet, but simply use computers, but do not leave the house, as if to enjoy the beautiful scenery, there will be no transportation, accommodation, meals, entertainment and other costs. Wisdom Tourism Intelligent tourism is similar to digital tourism in this level. The emergence of intelligent tourism facilitates tourists’ tourism activities, and there will also be certain tourism costs. It Involves Different Tourism Elements To put it simply, tourists in digital tourism and intelligent tourism have carried out practical tourism activities, which will inevitably involve six elements of tourism, such as food, housing, travel, shopping, entertainment and so on. However, in virtual tourism activities, tourists do not have actual activities, which do not involve food, housing, travel and other elements. The Impact on the Tourism Environment Are Different Similarly, tourists in digital tourism and intelligent tourism activities will more or less have some impact on the tourism environment; in virtual tourism, tourists only watch beautiful scenery in simulated scenes, and will not have an impact on the environment. 3.2

A Study on the Similarities Among Digital Tourism, Virtual Tourism and Wisdom Tourism

The Ultimate Goal Are the Same Digital tourism, virtual tourism and intelligent tourism are all the products of the information age and the result of the development of tourism e-commerce. Although each of the three has its own emphasis, their ultimate goal of development is the same, all of which are to keep pace with the development of the information age. The Research Methods are Similar Although none of the three has been developed for a long time, the path of development and the way of research are indeed very similar. Academically, it begins with the study of concepts and connotations, and then to the construction of a framework system and its significance and positive role in the development of the tourism industry.

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The Technical Foundations are Similar All three are based on information technology and computer technology, and there are many similarities in technical support. All of Them Have an Important Influence on Tourists’ Behavior Decisions The emergence of information tourism has completely changed the way people travel. Tourists are faced with more choices, and the rise of various network technologies and tourism platforms is affecting the decisions of tourism consumers. All of Them Play a Certain Role in Promoting Tourism All three play a positive role in promoting the development of tourism.

4 Some Suggestions on the Development of Information Tourism 4.1

The Government Should Strengthen the Construction of Network Information Tourism

Policy Standardize tourism related laws and regulations, especially network laws and regulations, and actively support the development of tourism information. Capital Talent The information technology of our country is not advanced, the main reason is the lack of research funds and talents. The government should increase the financial support for tourism information research, strengthen the construction of network information platform, and increase the introduction of talents to attract talents from all over the world. Publicity The government should make use of various platforms such as media to actively publicize digital tourism, virtual tourism and intelligent tourism, and promote the development of tourism informatization. 4.2

Integrating Tourism Information Resources Based on Taking Tourists as the Center

In developed countries in Europe and the United States, tourism informatization is centered on tourists, no matter where tourists go, they can easily obtain tourism information. The intelligent government, the enterprise, the scenic spot and the intelligent tourist are in communication with each other to form a complete information service system, which can meet the various tourist needs of the tourists and make the travel activity more convenient.

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4.3

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Improving the Scenic Spots’ Level of Automation and Intelligence

The management departments of scenic spots are encouraged to transform tourism facilities, improve the automation and intelligence of tourism facilities, and provide more humanized services for tourists. Large tourism information service operators are encouraged to automatically arrange and push relevant information according to tourists’ identity characteristics, economic conditions, interests, geographical location and so on, and to provide customized and personalized tourism information services. 4.4

Enrich the Types of Tourism Products

With the development of society, tourists are more and more chasing new and strange, and prefer the way of tourism with characteristics. Using modern information technology, we can integrate and develop more characteristic tourism products to meet the individualized needs of different tourism consumers.

5 Conclusion In a word, China’s information tourism is still in a primary stage of development. At the same time, we should develop the related industries of information tourism, actively develop and build the infrastructure of information tourism, integrate the information of tourism resources, and promote the rapid development of tourism informatization.

References 1. Zheng, P., Ma, Y., Li, T.: Virtual photo into reality: thinking about the research core and category of virtual tourism. Tour. J. 25, 13–18 (2010). (in Chinese) 2. Dong, Z., Chang, J.: The overall framework and technical implementation of digital tourism system. J. Henan Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 35, 49–52 (2005). (in Chinese) 3. Zhang, L., Li, Y., Liu, M.: The basic concept and theoretical system of intelligent tourism. Tour. J. 5, 66–73 (2012). (in Chinese) 4. Wu, W.: A study on the influence of intelligent tourism on mass tourism market. Contemp. Econ. 22, 158–159 (2013). (in Chinese) 5. Wu, W.: Review on our smart scenic spot research in China. J. Wuyi Uni. 11, 47–51 (2016). (in Chinese) 6. Wu, W.: A comparative study of mass tourism in the era of Web2.0 and Web3.0. Southeast Commun. 12, 172–174 (2012). (in Chinese) 7. Dong, L.: Design and implementation of information management service system for wisdom scenic spot. Zhejiang University of Technology (2019). (in Chinese) 8. Duan, T.: A study on the evaluation of systematic integration degree of intelligent tourism. Zhengzhou University (2019). (in Chinese) 9. Gao, R.: Study on the optimization of the smart construction of the a scenic spot. Shandong Normal University (2019). (in Chinese) 10. Shen, Y.: Big data application in intelligent tourism destination: experience upgrading and service upgrading. Tour. J. 34, 6–8 (2019). (in Chinese)

Application of Blockchain Technology in the Integration of Management Accounting and Financial Accounting Yanhong Wu1 and Xiao Wang2(&) 1

2

Guangdong Ocean University Cunjin College, Zhanjiang 524094, Guangdong, China Jiangsu Polytechnic College Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, Jiangsu, China [email protected]

Abstract. Blockchain is one of the most popular technologies nowadays. The birth of blockchain technology has solved the problem of reliability of accounting data. The accounting industry should seize the opportunity and actively use blockchain technology to promote industry innovation. At the same time, accounting professionals must also improve their professionalism to adapt to industry changes. The two major branches of modern accounting, financial accounting and management accounting, have become disconnected in practice. Both of them need to rely on different information processing systems for their actual operation. This is not economical for the enterprise, and it is also not conducive to management accounting to play its function of serving the economic management of the enterprise. To this end, the in-depth analysis of the differences between management accounting and financial accounting, and the introduction of “enterprise economic value added”, the unification of the theoretical differences between the two is of great significance to the development of the accounting field. This paper introduces the current research status of accounting information distortion and accounting fraud through the review and analysis of domestic and foreign literatures. Based on the research purpose of this article, it analyzes the characteristics and advantages of blockchain technology, and the impact of blockchain technology on the accounting industry The current status of research on the impact of issues such as research has determined the research theme, ideas, and methods. It also expounds the theoretical basis that will be used to study and build the credibility guarantee mechanism of the accounting information system based on blockchain technology, and then defines and divides the related concepts. This paper uses the basic principles of blockchain, information asymmetry theory, and moral hazard as the theoretical basis. Through questionnaire surveys, it is believed that the current accounting information system makes the original transaction information and the accounting information processing process unreliable, and the quality is worrying. The study found that only 14.5% of the qualified accountants in the experiment. The extreme shortage of accountants, especially senior accounting professionals, is the primary factor restricting the implementation of advanced management accounting methods in China on a large scale.

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Z. Xu et al. (Eds.): CSIA 2020, AISC 1147, pp. 26–34, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43309-3_4

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Keywords: Blockchain technology
Management accounting
Financial accounting
Technology integration
Accounting information system

1 Introduction Blockchain, as one of the hottest technologies, has an important impact on the innovation of the accounting industry. Blockchain technology has increased the number of data accounting information, made the original financial information and non-financial information digitized, and expanded the management scope of financial staff, especially senior financial staff. The main problem in the process of accounting informatization is that the reliability of accounting information cannot be guaranteed, and the wrong dataization of accounting information will affect management decisions. And the birth of blockchain technology has solved the reliability of accounting data. The accounting industry should seize the opportunity and actively use big data and blockchain technology to promote industry innovation. At the same time, accounting professionals must also improve their professionalism to adapt to industry changes. The application of accounting informatization in enterprises is becoming more and more extensive, and it plays an increasingly important role in enterprises. The problem of frequent and unresolvable counterfeiting problems is a stumbling block to the development of accounting informatization. Technology application can put forward a new idea for solving this problem, which is of great significance to promote the development of enterprises [1]. The research on the credibility guarantee mechanism of the accounting information system based on blockchain theory in this paper will also provide theoretical support for the application of blockchain in accounting informationization, and further promote the development of accounting informationization and the accounting industry [2]. The research purpose of this article is to start with the connotation and essence of management accounting and financial accounting, and to explore the development direction of management accounting and financial accounting theory in the current economic environment on the basis of studying history, nature, and objectives. And both trends. Is it fusion or separation? Considering the relatively backward application level of management accounting in China and the limited management capacity of enterprises, we explored what appropriate methods should be adopted to promote the organic integration of management accounting and financial accounting without changing the business management model. In the event of changes, improve the communication between management accounting and financial accounting and promote their role in corporate management control, thereby improving the development of China’s management accounting system and the management efficiency established in enterprises. The role of the accounting management system provides a meaningful reference. The study found that only 14.5% of the experiments have accountant qualifications. The market is extremely scarce for senior accountants.

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2 Proposed Method 2.1

Blockchain Technology

The advantage of blockchain technology is that the use of distributed bookkeeping can effectively avoid the disadvantages of traditional double-entry bookkeeping, thereby greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of bookkeeping. This unique advantage has promoted the development and improvement of the accounting industry to a certain extent. Relevant characteristics of accounting information quality under blockchain technology. (1) Relevance. Users of accounting information will involve internal and external personnel at multiple levels of the company, including internal shareholders, creditors, relevant authorities and the external public. However, because users use the billing information for different purposes, the focus of the billing information will also be different [3]. Then, the use of blockchain technology can give full play to its advantages of maximizing the relevance of information and can simultaneously meet the different needs of different users. (2) Accuracy and safety. Another feature of blockchain technology is that it can encrypt accounting information, enhance the security of accounting information, and also avoid the disadvantages of random tampering and theft of traditional accounting information [4]. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of double encryption and tamper-proof of recorded information, and adopts timely signatures for each business, thereby improving the transparency of information. (3) Timeliness. The use of blockchain technology can update recorded business at the first time, thereby improving the timeliness of accounting information disclosure [5]. (4) Neutrality. The transfer of financial information in blockchain technology requires each participant to record and verify its authenticity at the same time, and in view of the fact that blockchain technology information has been recorded and cannot be changed, each participant must ensure that their own interests are maximized The role of local governments will supervise other participants and avoid situations of mutual protection [6, 7]. 2.2

Theoretical Basis for the Integration of Management Accounting and Financial Accounting

(1) Origin Consistency-the historical basis of fusion The emergence and disagreement of the two different concepts of financial accounting and management accounting are the products of modern social and economic development to a certain degree [8]. Both of these concepts are the inevitable result of the development of accounting as a result of the simultaneous division of labor. From the perspective of history alone, both of them have evolved from the development of historical accounting books, because of the consistency of origin, the two essentially have a coincidence point [9].

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(2) Unity of goals-the fundamental purpose of fusion Compared with financial accounting, the objectives of management accounting are relatively clear. Management accounting, as the name implies, is designed for management. Management accounting is essentially a management activity to improve management, discovery, and value creation, or a continuous improvement process in pursuit of value addition. The ultimate goal is embedded in the essence, that is, to improve the economic efficiency of the enterprise and realize its value. At the same time, the purpose of safeguarding various property rights of various property rights subjects is achieved through the function of accounting supervision. In this way, through internal and external cooperation and mutual feedback, management accounting and financial accounting together serve the overall requirements of modern enterprise management and achieve the original and ultimate goals of accounting. While maintaining the legitimate rights and interests of various stakeholders, they also promote Increase in corporate and socio-economic benefits. (3) Blurring of boundaries-the driving force of fusion One of the development trends of modern management accounting theory and practice is to try to establish a “all-around” management control system, that is, rely on a unified management accounting tool to achieve comprehensive management of enterprises [10]. Under such a management control system, management accounting and financial accounting cannot function inseparably. Only the fusion of the two can unite the three levels of management relationships, so that accounting forecasting, decision-making, planning, supervision, control, assessment, and analysis can be fully and completely performed in a system [11].

3 Experiments 3.1

Experimental Steps

The content of the questionnaire is divided into four parts. The first is the basic situation, the second is the necessity and feasibility of establishing a credit guarantee mechanism for an accounting information system based on blockchain technology, and finally this vision countermeasure is to be realized. The questionnaire in this article is designed after reading and analyzing a large amount of literature and related books and materials, combining the results of field surveys and interviews with the practical basis of successful application experience of blockchain technology. The first part is the basic situation of the interviewees, including the nature of the unit, industry category, personnel occupation category, job category, age range, evaluation of the importance of accounting information quality, degree of understanding of blockchain technology, and whether the industry is applied. Blockchain technology and the evaluation of the application of blockchain technology to accounting information systems. The purpose of the first part of the basic situation investigation is to ensure the credibility and validity of the questionnaire on the one hand, and to distinguish the different situations of enterprise groups in different industries and categories on the other hand to prepare for subsequent research.

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The second part is to analyze the four aspects of the necessity of establishing the credit guarantee mechanism of the accounting information system based on blockchain technology, the cost problem, the control problem, and the security problem, and the specific content of each aspect is further important. Sex research. In addition, this section also conducts evaluation surveys on the greatest benefits that blockchain technology will bring to the accounting information system, and will prepare for subsequent surveys. The third part classifies the problems related to the establishment of the accounting information system credit guarantee mechanism infrastructure based on blockchain technology, and generates links from the original transaction information, the accounting information processing link, the account book generation link, the report generation link, and the financial information analysis link. The five major links, as well as the four modules of the procurement module, production module, sales module and other personalized modules, were specifically investigated. The fourth part is the classification of the directions that need to be worked to realize the concept of the credit information guarantee mechanism of the accounting information system based on blockchain technology, including technical, cost, legal and other aspects. 3.2

Test Method

This questionnaire is randomly distributed in the form of a “questionnaire star” electronic questionnaire. However, so far, the range of personnel familiar with and understanding accounting informatization and blockchain technology has been limited, which has caused certain difficulties in issuing questionnaires. However, with the help of mentors and friends, it was distributed to people with specific characteristics through online questionnaire filling, email and telephone interviews. It mainly includes authoritative personnel such as corporate finance personnel and middle and senior management personnel who have practical experience in the implementation and application of accounting informatization, university scientific research workers, and scholars to ensure the high quality, authority and credibility of the survey results. After several rounds of questionnaire issuance, 215 questionnaires were successfully distributed. Among them, 19 were invalid and 196 were valid. 3.3

Subject

The choice of survey respondents determines the quality of the questionnaire, and it is important to choose which survey respondents. In order to ensure the validity of this questionnaire, it is necessary to ensure the professionalism of the respondents. Therefore, relevant options have been designed in this questionnaire in order to screen those who can guarantee professionalism. The survey object must be someone who has been exposed to management accounting informationization or has a certain understanding of financial accounting informationization. The content of the questionnaire

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will require the survey object to be important for accounting informationization, the necessity and feasibility of applying blockchain technology The scores are sorted by sex, and different scores form different results, so the surveyed subjects need to have certain theoretical or practical experience. In summary, the objects of this questionnaire are mainly financial personnel and middle and senior management personnel who are involved in the implementation or application of corporate finance and management accounting informatization.

4 Discussion 4.1

Analysis of the Basic Situation of the Questionnaire

Describes the industry category, personnel unit category, job category and age of the unit to be investigated. The following is explained in detail in Table 1. The industry category to which the personnel belong is below 50%, and there is not much difference in all industries; 78.8% of the 196 recycling questionnaires are financial staff 21.2% of them are scientific research and education personnel. It can be seen that more than half of the respondents are financial staff of the enterprise; in the category of staff positions, 91 middle and senior management personnel account for 72.2% of the total financial staff and 35 Professional financial staff, accounting for 27.8% of the total number of financial staff; experimental analysis is shown in Table 1 below. Table 1. Basic situation of the questionnaire Personnel characteristics Category Type of work unit State-owned enterprise Private enterprise Industry category Financial industry Service industry Personnel work category Management accountant Financial accountant Personnel job category Middle and senior management Financial professionals

Sample size Percentage 46 33.3% 98 66.7% 38 47.5% 42 52.5% 25 21.2% 93 78.8% 91 72.2% 35 27.8%

As shown in Table 1 above, from the basic information of the questionnaire, it is found that the surveyed people are mainly middle and senior management personnel, financial personnel, and professors and experts of universities. They have not only a theoretical foundation but also a certain degree in the implementation and application of accounting informationization. Practical experience, on the one hand, it can improve the credibility of the questionnaire data; on the other hand, more than half of the company’s personnel are in these personnel, and they have more experience in the

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implementation and application of accounting informatization than university personnel, Which improves the practical value of the questionnaire survey on actual problems. 4.2

The Quality of Accounting Staff Urgently Needs to Be Improved

The implementation of the “enterprise economic value-added” method, like the implementation of other management methods, requires a team of accounting personnel who understands business management, finance, marketing, and corporate production organization. However, the reality of our country is not optimistic. The low quality of accounting personnel is an important factor hindering the realization of high-quality accounting practices. The information is shown in the table: Table 2. Composition of accounting talents in state-owned units and collective units above the county level Postgraduate Undergraduate Specialist Technical secondary school People 3 Percentage 0.02%

5 0.03%

24 12.2%

44 22.4%

Below technical Total secondary school 120 64.9%

2941627 100%

As shown in Table 2 above, only 14.5% of the total of the first three items in the above statistical table are qualified as accountants. Most accountants are too old, and the age structure of knowledge tends to increase with aging; only about 44 young and middle-aged certified public accountants who pass the national unified exams, but many of them lack practical work experience. However, most of the accounting personnel working in enterprises are difficult to take on the heavy responsibility of management accounting, thus limiting the general application of management accounting in enterprises. Especially today, with the increasing popularity of management information networks, the work of management accounting is far more difficult than that of financial accounting and is closely related to knowledge in engineering, production, sales, mathematics, statistics, etc. Management accounting personnel must have cost accounting and quantitative methods, Organizational theory, behavioral science, statistics, economics, production management, marketing management, financial management and computer knowledge. Only accountants who understand these aspects can be competent in management accounting. In China, most people with knowledge in these areas have received formal higher professional education. However, relying on school higher education to train the management and accounting personnel required by enterprises is far from enough to meet the needs of reality. The relevant statistics are shown in Fig. 1 below:

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Fig. 1. Comparison of the number of graduates of accounting undergraduates and graduates of accounting from 1995 to 1999

As shown in Fig. 1 above, the extremely lack of accountants, especially senior accounting professionals, is the primary factor restricting China’s implementation of advanced management accounting methods in a wide range. To alleviate this grim reality, we must increase the training of accounting talents. The cultivation of accounting talents should not only rely on colleges and universities, but enterprises should also increase investment in the cultivation of human resources they own. Only the society and enterprises work together to improve the quality of accountants, especially management accountants, and use new management technologies to face the challenges and opportunities brought by fierce market competition.

5 Conclusions The emergence and differentiation of the two concepts of management accounting and financial accounting are actually a certain stage of social and economic development. The emergence and differentiation of the two concepts of management accounting and financial accounting are also branches derived from the original accounting activities. Extensions and capabilities The functionally active parts of the extension have the same origin, part of the same business management activities, are financial management technicians, they are basically the same, functionally coupled to each other, the final The goal is to maintain the legitimate rights and interests of internal and external stakeholders, improve trust responsibilities, and improve the economic efficiency of businesses and society.

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Acknowledgements. This work was supported by Innovation and Strengthening School Project: Practical Research on Improving Professional Judgment Ability of Accounting Majors (Project No.: CJ19CXQX022); College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project: Research on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Mechanism of College Students under the Background of Internet Big Data (Project No.: CJQC2019005).

References 1. Berman, M.: New lease accounting and health care. Healthc. Financ. Manag. J. Healthc. Financ. Manag. Assoc. 70(5), 78–83 (2016) 2. Fratto, V., Sava, M.G., Krivacek, G.J.: The impact of an online homework management system on student performance and course satisfaction in introductory financial accounting. Int. J. Inf. Commun. Technol. Educ. 12(3), 76–87 (2016) 3. Choi, J.J., Mao, C.X., Upadhyay, A.D.: Earnings management and derivative hedging with fair valuation: evidence from the effects of FAS 133. Acc. Rev. 90(4), 1437–1467 (2015) 4. Elliot, V.H.: Institutional entrepreneurship and change: a contemporary history of the Swedish banking industry and its performance management systems. J. Acc. Organ. Change 12(2), 223–251 (2016) 5. Daly, A.: The incremental informativeness of public subsidiary earnings. Int. J. Acc. Inf. Manag. 26(2), 272–290 (2018) 6. Hillier, D., Hodgson, A., Ngole, S.: IFRS and secrecy: assessing accounting value relevance across Africa. J. Int. Financ. Manag. Acc. 27(3), 237–268 (2016) 7. Dinh, T., Kang, H., Morris, R.D.: Evolution of intangible asset accounting: evidence from Australia. J. Int. Financ. Manag. Acc. 29(3), 247–279 (2017) 8. Ghasemi, R., Mohamad, N.A., Karami, M.: The mediating effect of management accounting system on the relationship between competition and managerial performance. Int. J. Acc. Inf. Manag. 24(3), 272–295 (2016) 9. Jung, W.O., Park, S.O.: Stock market response to the financial regulations in the mortgagelending market in Korea. J. Int. Financ. Manag. Acc. 28(2), 105–130 (2017) 10. Altman, E.I., Iwanicz-Drozdowska, M., Laitinen, E.K.: Financial distress prediction in an international context: a review and empirical analysis of Altman’s Z-score model. J. Int. Financ. Manag. Acc. 28(2), 131–171 (2017) 11. Feng, M., Li, C., McVay, S.E.: Does ineffective internal control over financial reporting affect a firm’s operations? Evidence from firms’ inventory management. Acc. Rev. 90(2), 529–557 (2015)

User Experience of Online Shopping Clothing Display Based on VR Technology Huijuan Lai1,2(&) and Sungwon Lee2 1

2

School of Fashion Engineering, Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China [email protected] Department of Art and Design, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea

Abstract. With the development of economy, society and technology are constantly improving, people’s quality of life is also constantly improving, so the requirements for clothing stores are also increasingly high, not only more physical stores are required to operate, but also virtual stores should meet their requirements, so that people can enjoy the shopping experience without leaving home. From this point of view, this paper puts forward VR technology, and specifically analyzes the impact of VR technology on online shopping clothing display and on consumers. This paper first gives a brief overview of the concept of VR technology and the main application areas of VR technology. VR technology, namely virtual reality technology, is a relatively mature technology in recent years. Its application is very extensive, but it is mainly used in commercial and military fields. Secondly, it puts forward the user experience planning scheme of VR technology applied to online shopping clothing display, and points out the vision, hearing and touch The specific application of the factors and the influence of these three sensory factors on consumers’ shopping. Finally, through the investigation and research of a clothing store for four years, it can be concluded that the sales amount of the virtual store in this store is very good, which has been steadily increasing, with the sales rate of 3.2%, 4.7%, 5.9% and 6.5% respectively. However, the sales amount of physical stores has a small increase, with the sales rate of 2.3%, 2.6%, 3.2% and 3.7% respectively. Keywords: VR technology store


Online shopping
Clothing display
Virtual

1 Introduction With the development of economy and society, science and technology are also developing. Nowadays, science and technology are applied in all aspects of people’s life. For example, big data analysis technology can be applied in the design of car logo, metal exploration, and the construction of hospital medical information system. Besides big data analysis technology, VR technology, namely virtual reality technology, is also a relatively mature technology at present, and its application is very extensive. It can be used not only in games, but also in life and medical treatment. VR technology, also known as virtual reality technology, as the name implies, can virtualize remote or science fiction scenes into reality, so this technology has attracted © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Z. Xu et al. (Eds.): CSIA 2020, AISC 1147, pp. 35–41, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43309-3_5

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the widespread attention of scholars at home and abroad. In [1], the author proposes an asymmetric interface, which can provide better display effect and experience consistent with user environment for head mounted display (HMD) and non HMD users in asymmetric virtual reality. In order to measure and analyze the experience of each user and the existence provided by the proposed interface, the author directly developed an asymmetric virtual reality application program and conducted experiments with participants. In [2], the author aims to prove that virtual reality, as an innovative tool of education in the 21st century, has an important contribution to the teaching and learning process of students and teachers. But one of the results is that education should take on the challenge of virtual reality. For example, as a basic part of the new generation’s daily life, technology, as an education paradigm focusing on students, aims to achieve autonomy and independence in the learning generation. In [3], the purpose of this study was to test the safety and feasibility of using forced play system to provide additional treatment, and to evaluate its preliminary clinical efficacy. The results show that virtual reality game technology as an auxiliary means of traditional treatment is feasible and safe in post-stroke rehabilitation treatment, which is conducive to the recovery of upper limb function. In [4], the author thinks that immersive reality (XR) includes the range from augmented reality to virtual reality enhanced learning. Although there are a lot of publicity around the potential of AR and VR, these technologies have limited application in higher education learning environment. Due to the lack of the model of integrating XR into higher education, AR has fallen into a depression of the speculation cycle of Gartner in 2018, while VR is in the “road of enlightenment”. In [5], the author discusses the potential of MR technology to effectively strengthen learning and prepare for real and high-risk situations. This study will use a design based research method (DBR) to develop design principles based on key learning theories, as they provide recognized and key methods for new methods of learning in extreme environments. In [6], the author created a cooperative course design team in 2019 to introduce the potential of virtual reality exploration and creating immersive news experience to journalism students. Using a design-based research method, the course design process is divided into four stages: preliminary analysis and exploration, development of prototype course intervention, evaluation and redesign of intervention measures, and communication has been confirmed Design principles and results. In [7], the author developed a complete inventory reconstruction system by using the method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and mixed reality (MR), so as to realize the simultaneous design of building scheme and thermal environment. CFD analysis can simulate indoor thermal environment, including the whole process of thermal change. MR system can be operated by voice command and on HMD. It can show the process of thermal change intuitively. In [8], the author studies the elderly’s response to visual and audio virtual reality (VR), and realizes that VR is useful for their lives. The method of this study is to carry out key group activities (n = 41) with residents of a retired community after watching two audiovisual virtual reality simulations. Thematic analysis is used to determine patterns in responses. The results show that virtual reality has been actively reviewed, but modification is necessary to provide the best user experience and potential benefits for this group. In [9], the author conducted a meta-evaluation to evaluate the meta-analysis and systematic narrative comments published in the field of VR technology in the past 22 months. 25 different

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articles show the clinical potential of this technology in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health diseases: compared with the existing treatment methods such as anxiety, diet and weight disorders, and pain management, VR has a wide range of long-term effects and is suitable for the real world. In [10], the author thinks that although cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a life-saving skill, there is still a big gap between recognition and actual training. Therefore, the cardiopulmonary resuscitation training uses virtual reality technology for training. The results show that the hybrid system of virtual reality and human body model provides high quality training and immersive learning experience. In addition, a real-time feedback and scoring system is established to achieve autonomous learning and optimal performance. Starting from the virtual reality technology, this paper focuses on the impact of VR technology on the clothing industry and consumers’ use experience. Firstly, the concept and main applications of VR technology are briefly summarized. Secondly, the user experience planning scheme of VR technology applied to online shopping clothing display is proposed. The specific analysis is shown below.

2 Theoretical Research on VR Technology 2.1

Overview of VR Technology

VR technology is also called virtual reality technology. Its English name is virtual reality. It was first proposed in the early 1980s by Lanier, an American. Virtual reality technology, also known as “spiritual environment technology”, is a relatively mature technology in the field of science and technology, covering computer graphics, artificial intelligence technology, sensor display technology, network technology and other technologies. The emergence of VR technology not only promotes the development and progress of social science and technology, but also greatly facilitates people’s life, making people have a great interest in the unknown Interest. VR technology can only be realized by computer. The computer system first creates and simulates a threedimensional virtual environment dominated by user vision, and then users will have a relatively intuitive real feeling, and can control the changes of things in the virtual environment in the real environment. Nowadays, China pays more and more attention to the research of VR technology. Although it is still in the initial stage, many scholars have devoted themselves to it in order to make VR technology benefit Chinese people. 2.2

Main Application of VR Technology

VR technology is widely used, but it is mainly used in commercial, military and other fields. In the business field, virtual reality technology is mainly used to help promote products. For example, we can see that in shopping malls, many businesses will apply VR technology to their products, so it attracts a large number of consumers to experience. Through VR technology to release new products and related activity information, consumers can obtain relevant information of these products, and can have a realworld understanding of the products they are interested in. In the military field, VR technology has a special value and a very wide range of applications. In the military

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training, trainers can wear three-dimensional helmets, data suits, data gloves and other sensing devices, which are used to receive signals and interact with objects in the virtual combat environment with lifelike images, so as to achieve practical operation experience. The application of VR technology in the military field can greatly improve the war level of trainees, the adaptability of the battlefield, the ability of observation, the ability of response, etc., so as to improve the overall quality of the army as a whole, and make sufficient preparations for the future war.

3 User Experience Planning Scheme of VR Technology Applied to Online Shopping Clothing Display 3.1

Specific Application of Three Senses

Three sense elements mainly refer to vision, hearing and touch, and VR technology is mainly applied to the three elements when it is applied to online shopping clothing. First of all, the application of visual elements has the greatest impact on consumer psychology, because consumers can intuitively observe the details of clothing and whether it is suitable for themselves. The application of visual elements needs unique and innovative visual props design. Under VR technology, if you want virtual clothing or virtual stores to stand out, then personalized visual effects and props effects are essential. The application of these visual props can first attract the interest of consumers in the visual sense. Secondly, the auditory elements have a greater impact on consumer behavior, mainly reflected in the use of music in virtual stores. The use of background music in virtual stores must be selected according to the style characteristics of clothing brands, because it can stimulate the hearing of consumers, so as to stimulate the soul resonance with consumers. Finally, it is the application of the tactile element, which is mainly embodied in the 3D virtual fitting technology. The application of this element can solve the limitation that consumers can’t try on clothes in the online shop, so that consumers can understand the information of clothing more comprehensively, thus mobilizing the unique sensory activity of consumers’ tactile sense. 3.2

Specific Contents of Planning Scheme

The specific content of the plan includes two parts, one is the theme experience, the other is the scene experience. In the theme experience, the virtual store should create a suitable theme to drive product marketing, because a suitable theme can bring unexpected value to businesses. The theme of this user experience is 18–24-year-old female college students with youthful vitality, who are full of sunshine and vitality and have their own life goals. Therefore, the clothing of the virtual store is In this style, the main core content of the design is “simple and generous”, rather than fancy. Because female college students are equivalent to an independent individual, they are adults, so their clothes should be different from those under the age of 18, a little more mature, so “simple” beauty is the best. In the scene experience, it mainly brings the most intuitive feeling to consumers through vision. Like the physical store, the virtual store will set up a lot of display cabinets, and adopt the liquidity design in the graphic design, so that

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consumers have a more interesting shopping experience. First, consumers will enter the virtual store, just like the physical store, where they can try on clothes, ask the price of the shopping guide, etc., and the final payment is basically the same as the physical store.

4 Result Through the use of VR technology, not only can promote social and economic progress, but also greatly improve the sales rate of clothing. This paper selects a clothing store and investigates the comparison between the sales rates of clothing stores that used VR technology in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively and those that did not use VR technology. Through the investigation, we can find that Since VR technology was used in stores, the sales amount of clothing in virtual stores has been greatly increased, with the sales rate of 3.2%, 4.7%, 5.9% and 6.5% respectively. However, the sales amount of clothing in physical stores has not been significantly increased, with the sales rate of 2.3%, 2.6%, 3.2% and 3.7% respectively, which fully illustrates the influence of VR technology on clothing sales, which can not only promote the online stores’ sales amount Development, but also allows consumers to have more choices and better shopping experience, the specific analysis is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 1. Comparison of sales volume of virtual stores after VR technology is used

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Fig. 2. sales amount of physical stores

5 Conclusion Starting from VR technology, this paper analyzes the influence of VR technology on online shopping clothing display and on consumers. This paper first gives a brief overview of the concept of VR technology and the main application areas of VR technology. VR technology, that is, virtual reality technology, is widely used, but mainly used in commercial and military fields. Secondly, it puts forward the user experience plan of VR technology applied to online shopping clothing display, and points out the specific application of visual, auditory and tactile elements. Finally, through the investigation and research of a clothing store, it can be concluded that the virtual store sales rate of this store is very good, and has been steadily improving. In this study, there are many deficiencies, such as no investigation of the sales rate of other virtual stores, which will be gradually solved in the future research. Acknowledgements. 1. This work was supported by Research on Intelligent Clothing for Children’s Positioning and Safety GJJ191073 General Science and technology project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education Principal Huijuan Lai. 2. This work was supported by The practice and research of VR - based immersive teaching method - taking fashion display design course as an example JFJG-18-33 Jiangxi institute of fashion education reform project Huijuan Lai.

References 1. Jeong, K., Kim, J., Kim, M., Lee, J., Kim, C.: Asymmetric interface: user interface of asymmetric virtual reality for new presence and experience. Symmetry 12(1), 53 (2020)

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2. Rivas, Y.C., Valdivieso, P.A.V., Rodriguez, M.A.Y.: Virtual reality and 21st century education. Int. Res. J. Manag. IT Soc. Sci. 7(1), 37–44 (2020) 3. Norouzi-Gheidari, N., Hernandez, A., Archambault, P.S., Higgins, J., Poissant, L., Kairy, D.: Feasibility, safety and efficacy of a virtual reality EXERGAME system to supplement upper extremity rehabilitation post-stroke: a pilot randomized clinical trial and proof of principle. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17(1), 113 (2020) 4. Cochrane, T., Sissons, H.: An Introduction to Immersive Reality. Pac. J. Technol. Enhanc. Learn. 2(1), 6 (2020) 5. Hong, J.: How can a design-based research methodology that UTILISES mixed-reality (MR) technologies be utilized to effectively enhance learning for authentic, high-risk situations? Pac. J. Technol. Enhanc. Learn. 2(1), 24 (2020) 6. Sissons, H., Cochrane, T.: Introducing immersive reality into the journalism curriculum. Pac. J. Technol. Enhanc. Learn. 2(1), 7 (2020) 7. Zhu, Y., Fukuda, T., Yabuki, N.: Integrating animated computational fluid dynamics into mixed reality for building-renovation design. Technologies 8(1), 4 (2020) 8. Roberts, A.R., De Schutter, B., Franks, K., Radina, M.E.: Older adults’ experiences with audiovisual virtual reality: perceived usefulness and other factors influencing technology acceptance. Clin. Gerontol. 42(1), 27–33 (2019) 9. Riva, G., Wiederhold, B.K., Mantovani, F.: Neuroscience of virtual reality: from virtual exposure to embodied medicine. Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw. 22(1), 82–96 (2019) 10. Almousa, O., Prates, J., Yeslam, N., Mac Gregor, D., Zhang, J., Phan, V., Nielsen, M., Smith, R., Qayumi, K.: Virtual reality simulation technology for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training: an innovative hybrid system with haptic feedback. Simul. Gaming 50(1), 6–22 (2019)

Application of Asynchronous Multi-sensor in the Fusion of School Sports, Home Sports and Community Sports Fubin Wang(&) and Qiong Huang Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China [email protected]

Abstract. Community sports, school sports and home sports run through human lifelong sports. Community sports have a wide audience and can participate in sports activities. School sports are an important part of lifelong sports. Family sports are important for the development of children’s physical exercise Impact. The application of multi-sensor data fusion technology in various fields, of which the current research is more focused on the problem of synchronous data fusion, that is, it is assumed that each sensor measures the target synchronously and transmits the data to the fusion center synchronously. But often encountered in practice It is an asynchronous fusion problem. Based on the above background. The research content of this paper is the application of asynchronous multi-sensors in the fusion of school sports, home sports and community sports. In this paper, the problem of asynchronous multi-rate measurement processing in multi-sensor detection environment is studied. Under the condition that the fusion center filtering speed is slow and the sensor sampling rate is fast, one fusion cycle needs to process multiple asynchronous measurement data. The pseudo measurement method can make full use of multiple time series and multiple quantities of measurement information in a fusion cycle, and combine the model’s pre-push information at the fusion time to build a timesynchronized pseudo measurement. Through these methods, the asynchronous fusion problem is transformed into a mature solution. Fusion problem of simultaneous measurement. Finally, the experimental simulation shows that CR = 0.0801 < 0.11, so the judgment matrix has acceptable consistency. And the noise correlation processing can improve the tracking accuracy, but because the increase is small and the matrix inversion operation is increased, it is necessary to make a proper trade-off between accuracy and calculation amount when applying this method. Keywords: School sports
Home sports
Community sports
Asynchronous multi-sensor
Information fusion

1 Introduction From a sports perspective, community sports, school sports and home sports play an important role. Community sports, school sports and home sports are interconnected and interact, and run through the entire process of human sports life. At present, there © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Z. Xu et al. (Eds.): CSIA 2020, AISC 1147, pp. 42–49, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43309-3_6

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are more and more community organizations, such as sports technical consulting stations, consulting centers, sports rooms, sports activity centers, sports fitness squares and other sports facilities. Children have been receiving physical education since childhood. With the implementation of physical education in the middle school entrance examination, people pay more attention to students’ physical fitness and school physical education [1, 2]. School education links social education with family education. School education is the most effective way to implement national education policies. School sports impart the guiding ideology of national sports to students, which indirectly affects the public or family members [3, 4]. The overall development of community sports, school sports and family sports in China has not been specifically planned, but is based on the development status of community sports, school sports and family sports in our country [5, 6]. This article analyzes the coupling points of community sports, school sports and home sports. The coupled development of community sports, school sports and home sports has different positive effects on national fitness [7, 8]. In a multi-sensor monitoring system, the important step is to estimate the sensor deviation from noise asynchronous measurement. This estimation problem is computationally challenging due to the asynchrony of measurements from different sensors and the highly nonlinear transformation between global and local coordinates. Pu proposed a new non-linear least squares formula that assumes that a reference target moves (unknown) at a constant speed. Pu also proposed an effective block coordinate descent (BCD) optimization algorithm and reasonably initialized it. The algorithm updates the distance and azimuth bias estimates alternately by solving the linear least squares problem and semi-definite programming. In the absence of measurement noise, the global solution and true deviation of the algorithm are guaranteed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is significantly better than the existing methods in terms of root mean square error [9, 10]. Lin studies a distributed fusion estimation problem for a class of multi-sensor asynchronous sampling systems with correlated noise. The status is updated uniformly, and the sensors sample randomly. Based on the measurement increment method, the asynchronous sampling system is transformed into a synchronous sampling system. Local filters are designed using innovative analysis methods. Then, the filter error cross-covariance matrix between any two local filters is derived. Finally, using the matrix weighted fusion algorithm in the sense of linear minimum variance, an optimal distributed fusion filter is proposed. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm [11, 12]. Zuo studies a recursive filtering problem for a class of discrete nonlinear stochastic systems with multi-sensor measurement delay. The delay occurs in a multi-step asynchronous manner, and the delay probability of each sensor is assumed to be known or unknown. First, Zuo established a new measurement process model, and based on this, developed a new particle filter that can fuse multi-sensor information with a known delay probability, and introduces an online delay in the particle filtering framework. Probability estimation module, which results in another new measurement process model that can be implemented without knowing the delay probability of the filter. What’s more, because there are no complex iterative operations, the resulting filters can be implemented recursively and are suitable for many real-time applications. Simulation results show the effectiveness of this filter [13, 14]. Yang proposed a sequential fusion

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estimation method for maneuvering target tracking in asynchronous wireless sensor networks. Modeling errors caused by asynchronous sampling and communication uncertainties are considered, and time-varying fading factors are introduced in the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to compensate. In order to improve the stability and performance of the odorless strong tracking filter, Yang proposed the square root form of the odorless strong tracking filter (SR-USTF) based on QR decomposition. In addition, Yang proposed a hybrid sequential fusion estimation method to estimate the state of the target. This method combines the advantages of SR-USTF and traditional UKF, and can handle communication uncertainties such as delay and packet loss under a unified framework. The simulation and experiment of an E-puck robot tracking example proved the effectiveness and superiority of this method [15]. Through the analysis and research of community sports, school sports and family sports, this article promotes the improvement of people’s quality of life, promotes the effective use of community and school sports facilities resources, and promotes the development of sports and health education. Applications in school sports and home sports. An asynchronous track fusion method based on pseudo-measurement is proposed and experimental simulations are performed. The results show that CR = 0.0801 < 0.11, so the judgment matrix has acceptable consistency.

2 Proposed Method 2.1

Multi-sensor Information Fusion Estimation

At present, the structure of the information fusion system has not formed a unified classification form. According to the functional level of information extraction, information fusion can be divided into four levels-detection level fusion, state level fusion, target recognition level fusion, and situation assessment. Detection-level fusion is the fusion of detection decision-making layer and signal layer in a multi-sensor distributed detection system. Its function can be summarized as judging whether the target exists. It is closely related to the placement of sensors, which can improve response speed and survivability, and increase the coverage and number of surveillance targets. There are basically three topologies: parallel topology, serial topology, and tree topology. State-level fusion is a direct fusion of sensor observation data or state estimation, including temporal and spatial fusion. It is a tracking-level fusion that belongs to the intermediate level and is one of the most important fusions. It can be divided into centralized, distributed, and hierarchical structures (including feedback structures and non-feedback structures). The purpose of attribute-level fusion is to determine the identity of the target. According to the degree of abstraction of information, it can be divided into three levels: decision-level, feature-level and data-level fusion; situational assessment refers to a distributed assessment process. It integrates factors such as geography and meteorology, makes the observation distribution and activities organically related to the surrounding environment, analyzes the underlying causes of the event, and finally forms a comprehensive situation map.

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Basic Characteristics of Community Sports, School Sports and Home Sports

The community is a large group consisting of different families and groups in the planning area. The object of community sports is all collective members. National and local governments should provide financial and material support to promote the healthy development of community members. By analyzing the concept of community sports, we can conclude that community sports have the characteristics of regional, functional integrity, network, openness and convenience. In addition, in recent years, the theory of social stratification has also been applied to the field of community sports research, but relatively little research has been done in this field. In the investigation of the status quo of community sports development, some scholars found that different social strata have different levels of participation in social sports, so community sports also have a certain level; the main feature of school sports is that our country’s school sports are compulsory, Our school education system is closely related. The school is a special institution designed by the state to cultivate students’ cultural knowledge. Physical education is a required course for students stipulated by the state; family sports is a form of social sports, and society is organized by countless families. Therefore, the development of family sports has promoted the development of community sports. Home sports, community sports, and school sports have many things in common and unique characteristics. Studies have shown that the physical and mental health of family members can be improved through proper family sports. The stable development of family sports is the foothold of national fitness and the starting point of people’s lifelong sports. 2.3

Asynchronous Centralized Fusion Algorithm Based on Pseudo Measurement

The purpose of the asynchronous measurement algorithm based on pseudo measurement is to make full use of the asynchronous measurement information in the fusion cycle to obtain the optimal estimation of the target. The basic idea of pseudo measurement is to generalize the asynchronous timing measurements at time ðtk1 ; tk Þ to the fusion time tk , and use the model prediction method to obtain the measurement estimates of these measurements at the fusion time, so as to solve the problem. Transformed into the problem of filtering and fusion of synchronous measurement, using the centralized parallel fusion method to process the calculated “pseudo-measurement”, The purpose of the asynchronous measurement algorithm based on pseudo measurement is to make full use of the asynchronous measurement information in the fusion process to obtain the optimal estimate of the target. The basic idea of pseudo measurement is to generalize the asynchronous time series ðtk1 ; tk Þ and fusion time tk measurement methods, and use the model prediction method to obtain the measurement estimates of these measurements within the fusion time, so as to convert the problem into synchronous measurement. Filter the fusion problem and use the parallel fusion method to process the calculated “pseudo-measurement”, so as to obtain the estimated

^xkf ¼ E½xðtÞ
Z k  and estimated error covariance matrix Pkf ¼ covðxðtk Þ
Z k Þ of the target at the fusion center. The algorithm can be divided into two basic parts: pair ðtk1 ; tk  is

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processed to obtain the “pseudo-measurement” at the fusion time tk; all the measurements at time tk are fused, and the optimal fusion estimation algorithm is derived.

3 Experiments This article takes the 2019 class of physical education in a sports training department of a certain sports college as well as the sports activities of a certain community in Shenzhen and a family in the community as experimental objects. According to the needs of research, check out China Knowledge Network, China Electronic Journal Network and China’s outstanding doctoral and master’s thesis collections, as well as core sports journals on pedagogy, teaching theory, college teaching reform, javelin major theory and asynchronous teaching theory More than 400 articles have provided theoretical basis for topics such as topic selection, application of asynchronous multisensors, and development of evaluation methods. Consider the typical constant-velocity linear motion (CV) in the field of target tracking. In order to simplify the description without loss of generality, only the motion of the target in one dimension is modeled. The three-dimensional state space is used to describe the motion state of the target. The number of sensors is N = 3, the sensor only measures distance information. The initial time of sensor 1 is 0.3 s, the initial time of sensor 2 is 0.5 s, and the initial time of sensor 3 is 1 s. The sampling periods are T1 = 0.6 s, T2 = 0.7 s, and T3 = 1.2 s. The working cycle of the fusion center is Tf = 1.2 s, the initial working time is 1 s, and the total simulation time is 30 s.

4 Discussion 4.1

Comparison of Indicator Systems

The structure of the judgment matrix G-C for the selection of the three-axis acceleration sensor is shown in Table 1. Table 1. G-C structure of judgment matrix for triaxial accelerometer selection Index Sensitivity Range Price Volume Power consumption

Sensitivity 1 3 5 7 1/3

Range 1/3 1 5 3 1/2

Price 1/5 1/5 1 1/3 1/8

Volume 1/7 1/3 3 1 1/9

Power consumption 3 2 8 9 1

As shown in Table 1, the mutual importance of the five indicators of the sensor is determined based on the performance requirements of the triaxial acceleration sensor based on the specific functions of the miniature wireless triaxial acceleration data acquisition device. On a scale of 1–9, the relative importance/dominance relationship

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between the two factors is measured, and a judgment matrix for the target layer criterion layer is established. In this judgment matrix, the importance of these five indicators is that in the early stage of model selection, experts input the target layer criterion layer judgment matrix constructed by expert information according to the judgment of the main task of equipment development in the project description to Yaahp software in. After the complete judgment matrix is input for each layer, the calculation results are output, and the importance of the decision target acceleration sensor is compared in PDF format. The consistency index of the judgment matrix is CR = CI/ri = 0.0801 < 0.11. When CR = 0.0801 < 0.11, the judgment matrix has acceptable consistency. 4.2

False Measurement Calculation Method

The true initial state of the target is x0 ¼ ½80 m 20 m=s 0 m=s2 T , and the deviation between the initial value of the fusion center and the true value is 50 m. In order to measure the actual accuracy after fusion, the root mean square error is used as an indicator, and its calculation formula is: vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi u M u1 X RMSE ¼ t ½^xf ðkÞ  xtrue ðkÞ2 M m¼1

ð1Þ

Among them, M is the number of fusion estimates obtained in the simulation, which is 20 in this simulation. During simulation, due to the inconsistent working speed of each sensor, the data of sensor 3 that can also be measured at the fusion time is compared for comparison. The tracking accuracy comparison between the centralized asynchronous fusion algorithm and the fusion algorithm without considering the correlation is shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Performance comparison of proposed asynchronous fusion algorithm and algorithms without the consideration of correlated noise

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The accuracy comparison of centralized asynchronous fusion algorithms based on pseudo measurement is shown in Table 2. Table 2. Comparison of the RMSE of the proposed asynchronous fusion algorithm and other algorithms Sensor 3 Tracking accuracy RMSE (m)

4.0485

Unsolved noise correlation 3.0775

Centralized asynchronous fusion algorithm 3.0483

As shown in Fig. 1, the target estimation accuracy of the fusion algorithm is higher than the sensor’s local track estimation due to the full use of the measurement information provided by the multiple sensors at different times. The results show that the asynchronous fusion method based on pseudo-measurement can converge normally when the sampling rates are inconsistent, make full use of all measurement data during the fusion, and have obvious information fusion effect. Combining the data in Table 2, it can be seen that the noise correlation processing can improve the tracking accuracy, but because the increase is small and the matrix inversion operation is added, it is necessary to make a proper trade-off between accuracy and calculation amount when applying this method.

5 Conclusions Community sports, school sports and home sports form the framework of human lifelong sports. The elements of community sports and school sports are organized, managed, located, equipped and funded. Because the main body of family sports is a member of each small family, each family has its own family environment, knowledge and other backgrounds. Compared with community sports and school sports, the composition of family sports is not uniform and random. This article analyzes the application of asynchronous multi-sensors in school sports, home sports and community sports based on the exploration of school sports, home sports and community sports. The multi-sensor target tracking system not only needs to apply the appropriate fusion algorithm, but also needs to consider the maneuvering target tracking technology. The multi-sensor detection system provides the basis for tracking and fusion algorithms, and is an important part of target tracking. With the expansion of the sensor system architecture, the processing of asynchronous measurement is an unavoidable problem, but less research on asynchronous track fusion Involving target maneuvers. There are still some shortcomings in the application of asynchronous multi-sensors in the integration of school sports, home sports and community sports. For example, the asynchronous data problem is closely connected with the processing of heterogeneous data. Heterogeneous sensors can obtain a more comprehensive observation of the state of the target through detection and complementarity, and obtain a larger detection

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radius. At present, some scholars have proposed an interactive multi-model algorithm for heterogeneous sensor fusion. How to apply this algorithm to the environment of asynchronous detection is a very meaningful problem. Acknowledgement. This work was supported by General Events of Jiangxi Sports Bureau (No. 2019002).

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Application of Blockchain Technology in Tax Collection and Management Juan Wang(&) College of Business Administration, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China [email protected]

Abstract. Blockchain is one of the most significant technological innovations in information technology in recent years. It not only brings updates and iterations of information technology, but also may change the way in which big data is used. Due to the unique advantages and application prospects of blockchain, research on the application of blockchain in various fields is being actively carried out, and tax collection and management is no exception. This article mainly studies the application of blockchain technology in tax collection and management. Based on a review of the current research on the application of blockchain technology in the field of taxation, this paper analyzes the possible limitations of the application of blockchain technology in tax collection and management based on the technical characteristics of the blockchain and the current application situation and its own attributes It also puts forward the directions and possible ways to promote the application of blockchain in tax collection and management in China. The research in this paper found that the average tax evasion rate of VAT in 22 developing countries reached 30.3%. Even in developed countries with a strong sense of tax payment, the proportion of tax paid according to law is only 83.9%. The research results of this paper are of great significance to the application of blockchain technology in tax collection and management. Keywords: Blockchain technology
Tax collection and management Technology application
Technology innovation




1 Introduction The state’s tax-absorptive capacity and fiscal capacity are the basis of the country’s capacity, determine the public services and public policies provided by the country, and constitute a prerequisite for national prosperity. However, developing countries generally have problems such as low tax collection and management efficiency and weak tax collection and management, which have seriously weakened the country’s governance capacity. Based on this, countries around the world have invested a lot of resources in promoting tax compliance and improving tax collection and management capabilities. With the advent of the era of big data, blockchain technology came into being. China began to study how to use blockchain technology to accelerate the pace of tax collection and innovation. Blockchain is not only a new carrier to improve tax © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Z. Xu et al. (Eds.): CSIA 2020, AISC 1147, pp. 50–58, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43309-3_7

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efficiency and quality, but also provides new ideas for the future development of tax collection and management. Blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. The application value of blockchain technology in the tax field is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, the transparency of the blockchain can provide comprehensive and informative tax-related information [1]. The blockchain is a distributed database based on a classification algorithm. All network members can view and verify the authenticity of the data. In the same time period, the information in the blockchain system is open, detailed, and invariant, so it can more reliably and comprehensively record tax-related information such as economic transactions, ownership transfers, and capital transactions [2]. Second, the immutability of blockchain can help reduce tax fraud and improve tax compliance. As a distributed database, data cannot be modified after it is entered [3]. This makes fraud and errors easier to detect and reduces the risk of non-compliance with tax laws. Although the blockchain technology cannot prevent the wrong information from being entered into the system from the source, during the system’s operation, the full transparency and immutability of the data makes the error information and fraud more easily discovered [4, 5]. This is particularly useful in the collection and management of VAT, which can effectively track whether VAT has been paid and where it is paid, thereby reducing tax evasion and fraud. At the same time, the use of blockchain technology can also reduce the tax compliance costs of taxpayers, especially small and micro enterprises and individuals, improve taxpayer tax compliance, and improve the ability of tax authorities to supervise their microtransactions [6, 7]. Blockchain is one of the most significant technological innovations in information technology in recent years. It not only brings about the update and iteration of information technology, but also may change the way in which big data is used [8]. Due to the unique advantages and application prospects of blockchain, research on the application of blockchain in various fields is being actively carried out, and tax collection and management is no exception [9, 10]. At present, domestic and foreign research on the application of blockchain in tax collection and management has gradually increased, and some of the possible areas and related prospects of blockchain in tax collection and management have been explored. At the same time, the application of blockchain in tax collection and management at home and abroad has also begun to emerge [11, 12]. However, tax collection and management has its own special characteristics, so it is necessary to combine the two for analysis and discussion. The research in this article is novel. Modern society is entering an era of “blockchain+”. Blockchain technology involves many fields such as finance, medical treatment, insurance, the Internet of Things, and law, and has achieved certain development and applications. The combination of blockchain technology and tax collection is a hot topic.

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2 Method 2.1

Blockchain

(1) Blockchain technology Blockchain technology is widely known because of its application to Bitcoin. Until today, Bitcoin is still the most successful and mature case of blockchain technology in the financial field. Some people mentioned that blockchain technology is the basic technology for building a Bitcoin system. Blockchain technology is used to save all bitcoin information and data, including transaction data, so as to build a peer-to-peer (P2P) technology that no longer depends on the bank. Digital currency online payment system for direct transactions. With the boom of bitcoin research, the research on the blockchain as the basic technology of bitcoin has attracted more and more attention. Although blockchain technology is the basic technology of Bitcoin, its application range is not limited to Bitcoin. Blockchain technology has broad application prospects and is a technology that can present a variety of forms, systems, uses, and specifications [13]. As far as the database dimension is concerned, the blockchain belongs to the public database and records and updates all transaction information on the network at any time. It is convenient for users to query and load information using legal channels, and has a special prevention mechanism for data tamper resistance. As far as the distributed system dimension is concerned, the blockchain is a distributed system. Its storage placement is not limited to individual specific servers, but it covers all nodes on the network in a distributed manner, which is equivalent to keeping each node. Information backup. For the underlying protocol dimension of the network, the blockchain is a consensus protocol. Based on this protocol, many applications can be developed. These applications maintain a commonly recognized data record at each time, and perform point-to-point information exchange according to the recognition mechanism. We can also grasp this concept from a narrow and broad perspective: In the narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of non-tamperable and non-forgeable decentralized shared ledger. It combines data blocks into a specific data structure according to the chronological order. Encryption method is guaranteed. The generalized blockchain technology is an infrastructure and computing paradigm that uses encrypted block structures to check and save data, and uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data. (2) Characteristics of blockchain technology (1) Decentralization The most basic feature of the blockchain is decentralization, which means that the blockchain can separate data from the central processing node to complete the decentralized recording of data, the preservation of data, and the updating of data. The storage method and computing power of the blockchain are distributed. There is no centralized management organization. The status of each node in the network is equal, and the nodes in the entire network collectively record and maintain data.

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In a centralized network system, the effect of launching an attack on a central node will destroy the entire network system, while in a blockchain decentralized network system, attacking a single node is tantamount to smashing stones, because only 51% of the entire network is controlled Only the nodes above can affect the system, and controlling 51% of the nodes is almost impossible from the perspective of computing power. (2) Transparency The data of the blockchain system is transparent and visible to all nodes in the system. Based on the reliable foundation of the blockchain, data updates are also transparent and visible. The openness of the blockchain system and the high degree of participation in the operation of each node, the recording and flow of data can be queried, tracked and marked throughout the network, so it has a high degree of transparency. (3) Openness The blockchain system is an open system. Only the personal information of the transaction parties is encrypted with cryptography. Based on the transparency of the blockchain system, the data on the chain is open to visitors. The transparency of the blockchain system affects the openness of the blockchain system, and the two are mutually reinforcing. Users can query related data and records in the blockchain system through public links. (4) Information cannot be tampered with Immutable modification of blockchain information means that once the information in the blockchain system is uploaded to the blockchain network, it will be permanently stored and cannot be changed. Unless you have control of more than 51% of the nodes in the system, modifying individual blockchain nodes alone is ineffective. The immutability of blockchain information greatly improves the stability and security of data operation. (5) Anonymity Due to the operation mode of the blockchain technology, the credit problem of each participating node is solved, so data information exchanged with each other can be transmitted in an anonymous way. Each participating node performs operations based on a predetermined algorithm. The data matching process does not require trust. It can be carried out across personal identities. Both parties to the transaction can operate the entire process based on anonymity only. 2.2

Game Theory in Levy

Game theory is the contradiction and coordination based on different interest subjects. From the perspective of tax collection, game theory is to collect contradictions and cooperation between the two parties. On the one hand, the government levies taxes, and the government needs to increase taxes for fiscal expenditure. On the other hand, taxpayers pay taxes, hoping to reduce taxes in order to ensure their own interests, so this has formed a game theory of taxes. From the perspective of taxpayers paying taxes, when taxpayers realize that the cost of tax evasion is low, they will choose to evade tax; but when taxpayers think that the cost of tax evasion is high, they will tend to comply with tax payment.

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In the tax collection of the internet finance industry, the government levies taxes on internet finance to obtain fiscal revenue to promote the healthy development of the economy, and nursing finance companies hope to reduce the payment of taxes in order to maximize the benefits. Therefore, Internet financial companies are in a taxation game relationship with the government. As a taxpayer, Internet financial companies must abide by the mandatory nature of taxation and pay taxes in accordance with corresponding tax laws. However, if the tax burden is high, the tax burden of Internet financial companies is large, and the operating costs of the enterprise are high and the income is small, which will reduce the enthusiasm of the company’s work and lead to the non-operation of the enterprise. Levyable situation; or if the government does not collect taxes, the government has no fiscal revenue and a lack of reasonable taxation cannot promote the healthy and orderly development of the national economy. In game theory, game equilibrium is to enable each party in the game to realize what they consider to be the greatest utility. However, in the process of the game, in order to maximize their own benefits, each participant has the motive of not following the rules of the game equilibrium. Therefore, the most important issue for how to implement the tax collection of the Internet financial industry is to formulate a game for the two parties Balanced rules. Because of the virtual nature of Internet finance, tax bureaus have information asymmetry in their tax collection and management, and it is difficult to fully grasp all tax-related information of Internet finance companies. Therefore, using game theory to analyze the tax collection relationship between the government and Internet financial companies, whether the Internet companies pay taxes in accordance with the law is closely related to the management and inspection of the tax bureau.

3 Experiment The research in this article is novel. The combination of blockchain technology and tax collection and management is a very hot research direction. (1) This article uses the literature method. Collected and organized domestic related literatures on blockchain technology and copyright. Through combing and analyzing these documents, the concepts and characteristics of blockchain technology were summarized and summarized. Analysis and research in the fields of transactions and rights protection have laid the foundation for further research in this article. (2) Empirical research methods are also used in this article. The case study method is mainly used in empirical research methods. By searching the public information of relevant websites, screening cases, specific analysis and research on the practical cases of blockchain technology applied to tax collection and management, and judicial cases applied to the tax field. (3) Theoretical analysis method. Analyze the relevant theoretical foundations, and build the basic principles, overall goals, specific goals, and core framework of the tax collection and management model for small and micro enterprises. (4) Comparative analysis. Compare and analyze the tax collection and management of small and micro enterprises at home and abroad, find common features and differences, and learn from advanced experience.

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(5) Interview method. Through field visits, telephone interviews and other methods, exchange and discuss with the financial management personnel, intermediary personnel and relevant personnel of the tax department of small and micro enterprises to understand the status and problems of tax collection and management of small and micro enterprises, and solicit targeted suggestions.

4 Discuss 4.1

Application Analysis of Blockchain Technology in Tax Collection and Management

The overall level of information technology application in China’s tax sector is still low, and it is still in the exploratory stage as a whole, and there is still much room for improvement. As shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1, the current tax system urgently needs to address the integration and optimization of the information system after the merger of national and local taxes, including the integration of the original national tax and the local tax system, and the integration of the general bureau, provincial bureau, and municipal bureau. Integration between functional systems, etc. At the same time, we must continue to strengthen the construction of large-scale tax informatization projects, coordinated changes in information technology and business, data management and applications. In addition, for the application of information systems in the tax collection and management of small and micro enterprises, it is necessary to focus on differentiated management, accelerate the assessment and application of emerging technologies in taxation, and improve the quality and application capabilities of data management of small and micro enterprises. Table 1. Information on the national tax and original tax information system in a district Specific breakdown criteria System developed by the General Office System developed by provincial bureau City-developed system District Development System Tax collection system Tax source management system Data analysis system Administrative management system Supporting system Business Information System for Taxpayers Business Information System for Taxers Internal administrative system for tax personnel

In situ tax system 4 24 8 3 6 2 7 12 12 1 21 17

Former national tax system 10 25 13

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Fig. 1. Comparison of the original national tax and local tax information systems in a district

The difficulty of the current application of blockchain technology in tax collection and management lies in the following: first, the blockchain technology itself is still under continuous development, and the technology itself and its applications are far from perfect. Second, when the new information technology and taxation fields are combined, there is still a lack of a large number of personnel with expertise in both areas. Therefore, based on the basic direction of tax information strategy, it is necessary to formulate an overall strategy and related plans for tax collection and management using blockchain technology. In view of the greater risk of reform across the country, it is recommended to allow and encourage qualified places to actively explore and pilot the use of blockchain technology in some areas of tax collection and management. Under the current blockchain technology, combined with domestic and foreign practical experience of tax collection and management, taxation areas such as invoice management, tax withholding, and tax credit may be breakthroughs in applying blockchain technology. From a domestic perspective, the Taxation Bureau proposes to gradually carry out the pilot promotion of blockchain electronic ordinary invoices throughout the city, and selected some taxpayers in the catering industry, parking lots, small-scale commerce and trade, processing, repairing and other industries to promote it in due course. Include taxpayers in other industries in the pilot scope of blockchain electronic ordinary invoices. The various groups jointly announced that the first electronic VAT invoice electronic project using blockchain technology in China was officially launched. ② This shows that the application of blockchain technology for domestic tax collection and management has already started well. At the same time, piloting the application of blockchain technology through cooperation between tax authorities and enterprises with blockchain technology conditions is also an effective way to help obtain relevant experiences and lessons, and to promote a larger area for tax collection and management and promote the area more effectively. Blockchain technology lays the foundation.

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Blockchain Technology Policy Recommendations for Further Promoting Tax Collection and Innovation

While blockchain technology enables real-time and comprehensive sharing of taxrelated information, the government and all sectors of the society should also pay special attention to the protection of tax data and taxpayer privacy, following the “the open data must be maximized and the protected data must be The principle of strict protection.” In the context of highly shared information, maintaining information security and strengthening data confidentiality are the prerequisites for tax authorities to use blockchain technology to implement big data taxation. First, it is necessary to control the access rights of the blockchain system and strictly implement authorization management, that is, only nodes that meet the system access conditions and are authenticated can enter, and the system administrator is authorized to assign their access rights and leave traces or records of access. To effectively control the behavior of visitors, ensure that data is not tampered with or stolen, and strictly protect the privacy of taxpayers. Secondly, different levels of access rights must be set according to different needs, that is, the access rights of the blockchain tax collection and management system are divided by level, and the access rights and scope of use of data information are set, so as to effectively improve the basis of ensuring information security Efficiency of the system. Finally, a real-time maintenance mechanism for the blockchain system must be established, that is, tax authorities should set up a dedicated data protection department to maintain system data storage equipment in real time, strengthen the research and application of data encryption technology, ensure the security of data storage, and pay taxes on leakage. People’s privacy institutions and individuals are severely punished.

5 Conclusion Currently, research on the application of blockchain technology in various fields is in the ascendant. On the one hand, blockchain technology can promote the transformation of government roles and functions, promote flat government structure, transparent governance and service processes, improve government innovation performance, improve government data security, and build an intelligent and trusted government; On the one hand, blockchain technology will also bring a series of challenges to the government’s traditional functions, management mechanisms, legal systems, etc., and promote the government’s organizational structure, management mechanism, laws and regulations and the development of blockchain technology to maintain adaptability. Regulation of the application of this emerging technology.

References 1. Yermack, D.: Corporate governance and blockchains. Rev. Finance 21(1), 7–31 (2017). Social Science Electronic Publishing 2. Davidson, S., De Filippi, P., Potts, J.: Blockchains and the economic institutions of capitalism. J. Inst. Econ. 14(4), 1–20 (2018)

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3. Esposito, C., De Santis, A., Tortora, G.: Blockchain: a panacea for healthcare cloud-based data security and privacy? IEEE Cloud Comput. 5(1), 31–37 (2018) 4. Singh, M., Kim, S.: Intelligent vehicle-trust point: reward based intelligent vehicle communication using blockchain. Opt. Eng. 33(1), 701–709 (2017) 5. Li, Z., Wang, W.M., Liu, G.: Toward open manufacturing: a cross-enterprises knowledge and services exchange framework based on blockchain and edge computing. Ind. Manag. Data Syst. 118(9), 303–320 (2018) 6. Treleaven, P., Brown, R.G., Yang, D.: Blockchain technology in finance. Computer 50(9), 14–17 (2017) 7. Gatteschi, V., Lamberti, F., Demartini, C.: To blockchain or not to blockchain: that is the question. IT Prof. 20(2), 62–74 (2018) 8. Sillaber, C., Waltl, B.: Life cycle of smart contracts in blockchain ecosystems. Datenschutz und Datensicherheit - DuD 41(8), 497–500 (2017) 9. Xue, T.-F., Fu, Q.-C., Wang, C.: A medical data sharing model via blockchain. Acta Automatica Sin. 43(9), 1555–1562 (2017) 10. Fairley, P.: Blockchain world - feeding the blockchain beast if bitcoin ever does go mainstream, the electricity needed to sustain it will be enormous. IEEE Spectr. 54(10), 36– 59 (2017) 11. Yang, X., Zhang, Y., Lu, J.: Blockchain-based automated demand response method for energy storage system in an energy local network. Proc. CSEE 37(13), 3703–3716 (2017) 12. Peck, M.E., Moore, S.K.: The blossoming of the blockchain. IEEE Spectr. 54(10), 24–25 (2017)

The Construction and Research of the Enterprise Financial Ecosystem Model Based on Blockchain Quan Liu(&) Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China [email protected] Abstract. Blockchain technology is applied in many fields and industries such as economy and management. Financial ecosystem is a financial management system model based on the natural ecosystem. It links the internal and external environment of the enterprise development and various departments and institutions, and has a certain promotion effect on improving the financial management level of the enterprise. This paper constructs the financial ecosystem model based on blockchain, analyzes the problems existing in the application of blockchain and puts forward suggestions for its improvement. Keywords: Blockchain


Financial management
Ecosystem model

1 Research Background and Significance Woolf University, established in 2018, is the world’s first blockchain university. Subsequently, the blockchain electronic wallet cross-border remittance service was launched, marking the beginning of the blockchain’s role in the economic market [1, 9]. Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, openness, autonomy, information tamper-proof and anonymity, which is the basis for its wide application. Financial management is the foundation of enterprise development. A financial ecosystem model combines financial theory and ecological theory, which is the ecological expression of financial theory practice. In the financial ecosystem model, the internal and external environments of enterprise development and departments of the company are linked. They interact with each other, influence each other, and work together to lay a good foundation for enterprise financial management. The application of blockchain technology in financial management has also begun to be reflected in the financial ecosystem model. With the increase in the application research of blockchain technology, many scholars have studied the application of blockchain from different perspectives, such as e-commerce, identity verification and securities trading [2, 10]. However, there are few studies related to the financial ecosystem. Thus, the research in this paper has enriched the theoretical research of financial management in the blockchain to a certain extent.

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Blockchain Technology

Blockchain is a distributed database system that integrates many nodes. The core of blockchain is to realize the operation of trusted network through decentralization based on consensus algorithm and encryption technology [3]. In a narrow sense, the blockchain is a combination of data arranged in chronological order based on the cryptography principles. This combination has the characteristics of decentralization and immutability. In a broad sense, blockchain technology is a decentralized network structure based on distributed consensus algorithm that can realize data storage and data yards. This network structure also has high data transmission security and the characteristics of using scripts for data operation commands. Blockchain mainly consists of two parts, block and chain. A block is a data block. Data information corresponding to the blocks is recorded in different blocks, and the data information is recorded in chronological order and linked to form a data chain, thereby forming the current blockchain. Blockchain technology has the following characteristics [2, 8]: (1) Decentralization Decentralization is a major feature of blockchain. Blockchain is a distributed architecture in which the nodes form a protocol network in the form of point-to-point. Each node is distributed in a genealogical pattern, and the trust among nodes is realized with the help of mathematical algorithm, so that the rights and obligations of each node are the same. The information stored in the node is twofold, that is, both the buyer and seller information is stored in the node, and the transaction information between each other is also managed by backup between the nodes. If the data information on a node is lost or damaged, the whole data security will not be threatened, that is, the data on a single node cannot have a significant impact on the overall data. The blockchain uses a distributed data storage form to effectively manage data verification, transmission, and management processes. Based on the fact that the nodes of the blockchain do not affect each other, the blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, and it also makes the information system based on the blockchain more resistant to degeneration. (2) De-trust The block chain is transparent. When data information is transmitted, each node needs to be verified with the assistance of digital signature technology, which can be realized without mutual trust of each node. Therefore, the application of digital signature technology makes the block chain have the feature of de-trust. In the application of digital signature technology, data encryption and decryption are mainly carried out on the basis of asymmetric encryption technology of public key and private key. The public key is completely public so that the authenticity of the data information is guaranteed. The private key is confidential so that the security of the data transmission is guaranteed. When data is transmitted between the nodes of the blockchain or when consensus needs to be reached by using an encryption algorithm and a distributed consensus algorithm. It does not require high trust between nodes.

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(3) Verifiability At present, the data validation algorithms include odd-even check, BCC XOR check, time stamp technology, etc. Among them, the time stamp technology has data storage verification and information traceability and is widely used in blockchain verification. Data tampering and forgery are effectively solved by the time stamp technology. (4) Programmability Programmability means that when the blockchain system is applied, it can be programmed again based on the block script code. Therefore, when the blockchain system is applied, it can form an automated and efficient smart contract. A smart contract is a kind of scenario-triggered program rule, which is characterized by intelligence, automation and decentralization. The smart contract will judge and execute according to the state rules and conditions that trigger contract execution set in advance by the system. This process is intelligent and automated, highlighting the fairness and impartiality during the contract execution, thereby improving the efficiency of contract execution. 2.2

Financial Ecosystem

The financial ecosystem is proposed based on natural ecosystem. The natural ecosystem refers to an ecological system composed of biological community and biotic natural factors, which will directly or indirectly affect human social life. For improving the level of the enterprise financial management, the principle of ecology can be learned [4]. The financial ecosystem has four characteristics: (1) Dynamicity The natural ecosystem is not invariant, it is always in dynamic change, the connections between living organisms are always in change. Therefore, similar to the natural ecosystem, financial ecosystem also has dynamic characteristics. The simple and complex relationships among various departments are always changing dynamically. (2) Openness The natural ecosystem has certain openness, that is, the exchange of energy and matter between organisms and the outside world can be carried out. In the financial ecosystem, there is also a certain amount of energy and matter exchange between the main bodies. As the external environment of the enterprise changes, the internal environment of the enterprise will also change so that there is certain openness between the internal and external environments, which are interconnected and communicated with each other. (3) Integrity Once the organisms are divided into systems, they are no longer independent. They are interlinked with each other and constitute the integrity of the natural ecosystem. So is the financial ecosystem. After the various factors constitute the financial ecosystem,

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they are not isolated any more, but present a kind of integrity. Without multiple factors, the integrity would not exist. (4) Cyclicity The natural ecosystem is always in an infinite cycle, which ensures the balance and stability of the ecosystem. In the financial ecosystem, all the factors and organisms, such as human capital and social capital, are closely related to the development of enterprises, and they are interrelated with each other and influence each other. For all organisms and factors to develop, there is a certain demand for human capital and social capital. To meet the needs of various organisms, enterprises need to make reasonable distributions. Once the needs are met, values will be created that enterprises need to make repeated investments to promote their development.

3 Construction of Financial Ecosystem Model Based on Blockchain 3.1

The Financial Ecosystem Transaction Process Based on Blockchain

In the electronic financial ecosystem, information technology is used to support the security and transmission of electronic financial data to achieve financial data sharing [7]. The entities involved in the electronic financial management system include government agencies, enterprises, and other taxpayers. In order to understand the flow of blockchain information in detail, the first step is to obtain the transaction flow direction. See Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Shows the trading process of blockchain financial information

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Information is divided into private chain and the public chain. When incorporating enterprises and other consumer users into private chain, strict encryption algorithms are used to protect user information. Private chain contains business-consumer transaction process. Public chain includes government, enterprises, and logistics. The system uses the open source Hyperledger for transaction bookkeeping, so that transactions can be traced [5]. Buyers and sellers automatically match through contracts and system automatically clears when the transaction is completed. 3.2

Examination and Approval Mode of Financial Management System Based on Blockchain

Financial audit plays an important role in blockchain. The audit process contains the information of the private chain and the public chain. The information that comes from blockchain information ecological chain includes logistics information, commodity information, personnel information, transaction information, tax information, and so on. In the financial management, each node information needs to be transmitted to the network. Then the network system backs up the data and distributes them throughout. Then the matching algorithm is used to verify the information of each node, thereby reducing the amount of data collection of auditors. At the same time, the transaction process between enterprises is directly stored on the entire network to improve auditing efficiency. In the process of examination and approval of blockchain financial management, data mining is used, which improves the efficiency, and makes corresponding risk identification to facilitate the approvers to conduct financial examination and approval. 3.3

Co-construction of Blockchain Financial Information Ecosystem

Information is the core element in blockchain. The information ecosystem directly affects the information transfer between each information unit. The electronic financial information ecosystem mainly consists of government financial management departments, enterprise management departments, and other tax users. According to the above user types, the electronic financial activities of financial information subjects such as government financial management departments, enterprise management departments, and other tax users are constructed. According to user information and the relationship between users, financial ecosystem can be divided into User layer: enterprises, tax users, consumers; Technical layer: encryption algorithm, recommendation system, mining system, database technology; Intermediary layer: logistics companies, payment companies, advertising service companies, etc.; Supervision layer: government institutions, culture, ethics, etc. See Fig. 2.

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Fig. 2. Electronic financial ecosphere.

3.4

Blockchain Financial Information Ecosystem Model

According to the electronic financial information ecological chain and the core technology of the blockchain in electronic financial blockchain, the blockchain electronic financial information ecosystem model structure is proposed. The constructed financial information ecological model includes financial information data sharing, transparency, financial information authority management, financial information interface data, collaborative management of each financial user, and intelligent financial management, etc. The whole financial ecosystem can ensure the safe and stable operation of electronic financial information. See Fig. 3.

Fig. 3. Blockchain electronic financial information ecological management model.

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4 Problems and Improvement Measures in the Financial Ecosystem Modeling Based on Blockchain 4.1

The Problem and Countermeasures of Financial Information Sharing

In the information age, when the degree of internal information sharing is high, it means that the internal information of the enterprise is more transparent [6]. In actual work, the internal information sharing situation of the enterprise is not satisfactory. The work of each department is carried out independently, and there is no effective communication, especially on financial issues. The finance is related to the capital flow and resource allocation of the enterprise’s development. Other than the financial department, other departments do not know the use and allocation of the enterprise’s funds. This leads to the inability to share internal financial information of the enterprise and thus fails to effectively allocate resources. If financial information sharing is realized with the help of the blockchain’s consensus mechanism, the transparency of financial information can be effectively improved, thereby improving the level of financial information management. 4.2

The Problem and Countermeasures of Financial Data Redundancy

Financial management is a complex and systematic task, which involves not only the financial department, but also the financial activities of all enterprise departments. In the information age, the increasing financial data is easy to cause data redundancy [6]. The blockchain technology introduces distributed data storage, which can realize distributed accounting of financial-related business, that is, the relevant financial information, the information data of business transaction can be saved in the sub-blocks of every block with the promotion of the blockchain, in order to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the information for each data. However, in actual work, due to cost issues, the computer hardware configuration is not high. Once the data is abundant, it cannot meet the actual needs, and the processing effect of data redundancy cannot be guaranteed. Faced with this situation, enterprises should improve the level of computer hardware configuration to meet the needs of distributed storage. On the basis of consensus mechanism, financial information can be shared and decentralized to ensure the accuracy and security of financial data.

5 Conclusion This paper constructs the financial ecosystem model based on the blockchain technology, and analyzes the problems of data redundancy and the inefficient information sharing during the application of the blockchain technology. It also proposes improvement countermeasures from the aspects of decentralization and strengthening information sharing, so as to promote the better application of blockchain technology in the financial ecosystem.

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References 1. Back, A., Corallo, M., Dashjr, L., et al.: Enabling blockchain innovations with pegged sidechains (2014) 2. Mettler, M.: Blockchain technology in healthcare: the revolution starts here. In: International Conference on E-Health Networking, Applications and Services, pp. 1–3. IEEE (2016) 3. Yuan, Y., Wang, F.Y.: Development status and prospect of blockchain technology. Acta Automatica Sin. 42(4), 481–494 (2016) 4. Li, Y.L.: Research on financial management transformation from the perspective of ecosystem—based on the background of knowledge economy era. Commun. Financ. Account. 718(26), 70–72 (2016) 5. Zhang, Y.B.: Research on e-commerce information ecosystem model based on blockchain. Res. Library Sci. 38(9), 1–7 (2017) 6. Wang, P.W., Wu, S.Q.: Research on financial management of e-commerce enterprises under “Blockchain + Internet”. Friends Account. 5, 149–152 (2018) 7. Liang, H., Yuan, X.: Research on the construction of e-commerce information ecological chain model. Library Sci. Res. 14, 75–80 (2017) 8. He, P., Yu, G., Zhang, Y.F., et al.: Overview of blockchain technology and application prospect. Comput. Sci. 44(4), 1–7 (2017) 9. Hui, X., Wang, J.: Study on block chain technology and its applications. Netinfo Secur. 9, 192–195 (2016) 10. Radziwill, N., Revolution, B.: How the technology behind bitcoin is changing money, business, and the world. Qual. Manag. J. 25(1), 64–65 (2018)

Application of Information Management System in Construction Engineering Management Yao Wang(&), Qin Tao, and Yanqing Cui Chongqing Real Estate College, Chongqing, China [email protected]

Abstract. The management of construction engineering is the core of engineering quality. The quality of construction engineering is directly related to people’s life and safety issues. Quality inspection and quality supervision are very important in the construction of construction engineering. With the introduction of the information management system, the mutually independent status of each project has changed, and the information between the modules can be realized in real time. Starting from the aspect of project management, the introduction is the information management system in project document information management. Studies have shown that with the advent of the information age, all industries will use information technology to achieve informationization and dataization. Information management system technology, construction, and management, is an important foundation for achieving and ensuring the integration of engineering project management and information technology. It can be seen that the information management system technology has great application value in project management. Keywords: Information management system Real-time interaction
Informatization
Data


Construction engineering


1 Introduction Construction engineering is project, and it is a market full of competition and unpredictability. A large amount of information and data of enterprises in the management of engineering cost should follow the changes of society in a timely and scientific manner. The government department must make the project cost management to obtain effective cost information and improve the comprehensive level of the project cost management personnel when conducting macro-control. The information and index system platform is necessary to improve the engineering cost management system in China’s market economy [1–3]. In the research and analysis of construction engineering information management at home and abroad, it can happen that the construction industry is a very core and popular industry in the current market, and the development of the construction industry directly affects the development prospects of human society. With the development of advanced technology today, the development of the construction industry is also facing various challenges. The use of advanced technology to manage © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Z. Xu et al. (Eds.): CSIA 2020, AISC 1147, pp. 67–74, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43309-3_9

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the implementation of construction projects plays an irreplaceable role in the development of the construction industry [4–6]. In view of the particularity and complexity of construction engineering construction, the specialty of engineering geology is an auxiliary supporting specialty of engineering basic construction. There are engineering geology majors in the industrial and civil construction, geological, mining, petroleum, transportation, coal, power and other industries, making construction Engineering geology is the most widely involved, most prestigious, most complex, and most difficult task among the engineering geology majors of all these different industries. This is well known and unquestionable [7–9]. It can be said that it is the most complicated and most difficult of all professional computer mapping techniques, and it can be called a worldwide problem in computer graphics. It requires our geological computer personnel to explore it [10–12]. Architectural engineering computer applications have broad development prospects, whether it is numerical calculations, database applications, expert systems, network systems, etc. are of great use; especially engineering geological mapping [13]. This thesis mainly studies the application of a construction engineering information management. The main function of the system is to first detect the quality of the construction project and store the data information obtained in the test into a database; then the construction information is passed through the construction project. The portal website is displayed, and the project quality information is published through the network; and then the information management technology is used to process the quality information of the construction project, which effectively guarantees the information storage, processing and analysis of the construction project. Combined with engineering examples, the application value and application methods of information management system technology in engineering project management are elaborated in detail, the working path of project management, the limitations and deficiencies of the existing model, and the technical characteristics and advantages of information management systems are introduced. Analyze how information management system technology improves traditional project management.

2 Information Management System and Construction Engineering Application of information management system technology in the field of construction engineering (1) Owners: In view of the help of information management system technology in project communication, more and more owners have put forward the requirement to deliver information management system models, which has increased the technical requirements of project participants. (2) Designer: Following the last CAD technology revolution in the field of construction engineering, the information management system technology will bring a new and radical reform in the field of design. At present, large domestic design institutes have successively The successful application of information management

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system technology has been partially verified in various large and complex projects, and preliminary experience has been accumulated. (3) Construction party: Information management system technology has been preliminarily popularized, and large domestic construction enterprises have started to set up corresponding information management system technology teams to try to apply information management system technology to construction progress management, construction process simulation, etc. And promote the technical reform of the designer. (4) Operator: There are few applications. At present, only the Beijing Olympic Village project in China is an engineering case in which information management system technology is applied during the operation phase. (5) Information management system standards: China’s information management system standards are still in their infancy and difficult to use in practical applications. Most industries and departments refer to European and American national standards. The collection and analysis of cost information is the key to finally determine how much profit the project constructor can obtain during the entire project construction process. Traditional cost information is mainly stored in relevant documents generated in daily work, such as Word, Excel and other file formats: When the cost manager needs related cost data, the financial staff will provide them with relevant cost documents, and sometimes managers need to compare multiple cost documents to get more accurate cost data; however, it is easy to integrate cost information based on documents Omissions in the acquisition of information, and erroneous collection of information often occur, all of which will have a greater impact on cost estimates and are not conducive to cost calculations. The cost management technology based on the information management system has abandoned the traditional document-based integration in the cost information integration method, and uses the direct acquisition of related cost information from the information management system model. The specific process is shown in Fig. 1.

Information extraction

Application

Data files

File parser

Information model display

Building extraction

Data collection

Item extraction Fig. 1. Cost data collection mode based on information management system

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The two types of costs are generated. After using the information management system information technology, the estimated cost savings of general engineering projects are between 74 million and 360 million, accounting for 0.5% of the total project investment. To 3%; if the complexity and mass construction characteristics of the Shanghai Tower are taken into consideration, compared with the traditional project management mode, conservative calculations show that the use of information management system technology in this project will save savings due to construction the waste caused by rework is about 160 million yuan. Table 1 is an economic indicator estimated by a building based on the number of collisions with reference to the unit price, and Table 2 is an economic indicator estimated according to the rate of change. Table 1. Estimation results of economic indicators of a building information management system (refer to the unit price according to the number of collisions) Project Model layer 9F area Model layer lOF area Total area of model layer GFA of Shanghai Tower Total number of sample layer collisions Reference average price Model layer total price Total price of technical and economic indicators of a building

Amount 4658.1 m2 4649.4 m2 9306.5 m2 570300 m2 1023 1170.48 1,206,952.38 73,878,463.29

Table 2. Estimated economic indicators of a building’s information management system (by project change fee ratio) Total cost of a building 124 Billion Change ratio 3.5% Change fee 3.8 Billion

3 Design of Construction Engineering Information Management System According to the previous analysis and design development of the construction engineering management system, the final information management system was realized. The main functional modules of the construction engineering cost management system are engineering information management module, engineering template management module, bidding and quoting module, cost estimation, project tracking, and system maintenance. There are six functional menu items in the system, and each functional menu. A variety of sub-menus are subdivided according to demand. Figure 2 shows the detailed function menu structure of the system.

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Application for registration Configure system

Application for registration

Change Passwor Construction Engineering Information Management System

Approval of registration

Change Password Project

System administrator

Change Password

Internal user

Supplier Project template

Data import Bidding Data output

Modify material properties New material classification View announcement

Quote estimate Management announcement Engineering tracking

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the overall system function

Potential benefits of progress monitoring system based on information management system (1) Improve the accuracy and efficiency of information collection; the construction progress monitoring system will automatically replace manual collection, which not only improves the collection efficiency, but also ensures the accuracy of data collection. (2) Visualization of construction progress; the system can display the construction progress in a three-dimensional visualization through the real-time information management system model, and supports the comparison of the real-time model and the planning model, so that managers can find construction deviations and loopholes, and manage and remedy. (3) Efficient information transmission and sharing; various types of data information in the system are public, and all parties to the project can obtain what they need. And all kinds of software can use the information in the information management system model to facilitate all parties to make scientific decisions. (4) Provide accurate data for operation and maintenance management: the information management system model realizes the dynamic real-time update of the construction progress, and works in tandem with the actual melee of the project. It can be used by the operation and maintenance department even after the project is completed, serving the entire project Life stages.

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4 Application of Information Management System in Construction Progress Information Management The use of construction progress query can facilitate the project manager to find the lag in the construction process and prevent unnecessary waste caused by the extension of the construction period. (1) The automation of field construction data collection; the monitoring of construction progress should gradually change from manual collection to automated suspicion. In this way, not only can save manpower and material resources, but also improve the efficiency of suspicion, avoiding the occurrence of perceived subjective factors, which is the construction progress And reliable evaluation of engineering results; (2) Real-time and dynamic monitoring of project progress; as deviations occur in the construction schedule, the system immediately generates a response strategy, and coordinates the subsequent project progress accordingly, to avoid the cumulative effect of project lag, at the same time for managers and owners Provide clear construction progress data to help them develop further engineering plans; (3) Effective information integration and maintenance methods; construction progress monitoring is a dynamic monitoring process, so a large amount of data will be continuously updated. These data need to be reasonably classified and effectively managed so that it can be effectively monitored by the monitoring system It also needs to be able to continuously update the collected data, eliminate outdated and meaningless data, and provide a public information sharing platform for the entire project to ensure the symmetry of information; (4) Intelligently generate progress and cost reports; two major problems in project management: project progress and project cost. How to integrate the relationship between construction progress and cost and complete joint monitoring of progress and cost are important topics in construction control. The monitoring system should intelligently generate the completed construction progress and cost report as the construction progresses, so as to better deal with the problems existing in the construction. (5) Visual information presentation; information about construction progress should be presented in front of the manager in an intuitive form. The visual information can make the manager easier to grasp the progress of the construction and help the manager to make correct decision. (6) The monitoring system needs to be flexible and comprehensive; the information and data monitored during construction can be used not only for the dynamic management of project progress, for the preparation of progress-cost reports, but also for other aspects of project management; The expansibility of the construction monitoring system is also reflected in the further processing of models and data, so as to develop a series of monitoring modules such as construction simulation, safety monitoring, quality monitoring, etc., to achieve better project management and improve construction efficiency.

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5 Conclusion Modern engineering construction projects are gradually becoming more complex and large-scale. The complex and complex structures have caused an unprecedented impact on the engineering construction management industry. Traditional project management models have been unable to meet such complex project management needs today. Various problems in management have gradually surfaced; therefore, information management system technology has emerged at the historic moment. It integrates massive amounts of complex engineering information into a unified IFC standard through modern information collection, processing, analysis, and sharing technologies. This platform not only guarantees the completeness and accuracy of the information, but also the sharing of engineering information, so that all parties involved in the project can retrieve and query relevant data information about the project, providing a fast and convenient way for each participant. The communication channels also ensure the real-time update of the project information. After artificially modifying the information, it can also ensure the synchronization of the information of all parties. The application of this system can realize convenient management of project cost information, information sharing, and real-time information interaction between multiple departments, replacing the previous complicated paper business processes, saving human resources, and fully improving the work efficiency of enterprises. However, due to the complexity of cost management, many problems still cannot be solved well, only basic needs can be met, and special cases are not considered. The treatment of special cases needs further study.

References 1. Cao, J., Liang, B.-B., Bai, N.: Application of ethics review information management system in implement and monitor for clinical trials. Chin. J. New Drugs 27(11), 1283–1285 (2018) 2. Li, J., Gao, Z., Li, T.: Information integration management system for spiral bevel gear networked manufacturing process. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. 33(15), 227–236 (2017) 3. Chattopadhyay, P., Banerjee, G.: Recent advancement on chemical arsenal of Bt toxin and its application in pest management system in agricultural field. Biotech 8(4), 201–210 (2018) 4. Xiao, S., Xiao, M.-Z., Zhao, Q.-H.: Construction of nursing quality control information system in large Hospitals. Chin. Hosp. Manag. 250, 193–194 (2018) 5. Wang, J.: theoretical research and application of petrochemical cyber-physical systems. Front. Eng. Manag. 4(3), 242–248 (2017) 6. Tezel, A., Aziz, Z.: Visual management in highways construction and maintenance in England. Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag. 24(3), 486–513 (2017) 7. Cao, D., Li, H., Wang, G.: Impacts of building information modeling (BIM) implementation on design and construction performance: a resource dependence theory perspective. Front. Eng. Manag. 4(1), 20–34 (2017) 8. Xu, F., Liang, B.-B., Bai, N.: Application of clinical trial project management system in our hospital. Chin. J. New Drugs 27(24), 2922–2924 (2018) 9. Peng, W., Huang, S.T., Ju, W.: Development of geo-information data management system and application to geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China. Nuclear Technol. Radiat. Prot. 32(3), 294–301 (2017)

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10. Zhu, H., Li, X., Lin, X.: Infrastructure smart service system (iS3) and its application. China Civil Eng. J. 51(1), 1–12 (2018) 11. Qin, L., Feng, S., Zhu, H.: Research on the technological architectural design of geological hazard monitoring and rescue-after-disaster system based on cloud computing and Internet of Things. Int. J. Syst. Assur. Eng. Manag. 9, 34–45 (2018) 12. Fan, Q., Qiang, M., Jin, H.: Intelligent management of large-scale construction projects. J. Hydroelectr. Eng. 36(2), 112–120 (2017) 13. Wei, H., Fei, Y., Guo-Hua, P.: Development and application of WEB-based information management system for chronic schistosomiasis patients. Chin. J. Schistosomiasis Control 29(3), 363–365 (2017)

The Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Sports Club Training and Teaching Ye Ding(&) Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China [email protected]

Abstract. Virtual reality technology (VR), as a representative of high-tech products in the Internet era, has become a hot emerging technology in recent years with the continuous breakthrough of its technology, especially with the development of computer and sensor technology. The application field is wide, and the combination of VR and sports training has also been studied. However, VR+ sports is still in the development stage, which makes the development of VR+ sports in China still full of challenges. One of the specific application directions of VR+ sports is to combine it with sports training and teaching, and to achieve the purpose of effective and repeated training by developing personalized training programs for trainers. This paper mainly USES the case analysis method to analyze the specific cases of VR+ sports, and obtains the teaching advantages of implementing VR+ sports from the analysis of the specific cases. At the same time, it combines the questionnaire survey method to analyze the application status of VR technology in sports. This paper believes that the combination of VR technology and sports training is necessary. In addition, according to the teaching advantages of VR and its application status, the problems of VR technology in sports club training and teaching were found, and the feasible Suggestions for developing VR+ sports were put forward to improve the development level of sports club training and teaching. Keywords: Virtual reality technology
Sports clubs
Training and teaching Case analysis




1 Introduction In the computer industry advanced man-machine interface, VR technology is a representative of the technological frontier, the sensor measurement technology, Internet technology, the graph recognition and processing technology, artificial intelligence and other areas. Immersion, interactivity, idea of development philosophy, enable participants to obtain the same as the real scene of experience [1, 2]. The combination of computer VR technology and college physical training is a creative attempt and an important part of educational technology reform [3]. The application of virtual technology has changed the past teaching mode, provided a broader imagination space for the exploration of new teaching methods and the training of knowledge and skills, created a “self-learning” environment that can be used anytime and anywhere, and enabled learners to obtain learning mode switching experience by means of information © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Z. Xu et al. (Eds.): CSIA 2020, AISC 1147, pp. 75–81, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43309-3_10

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technology [4, 5]. The application of VR technology in the field of sports has strong advantages and potential. With the continuous improvement of its technology, VR technology will achieve the goal of service popularization and gradually expand its influence in sports training [6]. With the enhancement of national strength, China’s sports industry develops rapidly, and the technical difficulty of competitive sports keeps increasing. Especially in sports with strong antagonism, the increasing difficulty increases the potential risk of injury in the training process, which is also true in practical training [7, 8]. The application of computer VR technology, training in a virtual real environment, reduces this risk, and the complex technical movements, difficulty and intensity of training become as easy as usual, eliminating accidental injuries in the training process [9]. Moreover, virtual technology can create the latest and expensive sports equipment at the minimum cost and construct different virtual scenes. The advantage of virtual technology lies in updating the training content in the shortest time at the lowest cost and keeping up with the technological trend [10, 11]. In addition, VR technology achieves good humancomputer interaction, and students participating in virtual physical training can devote themselves to the role, focus and skill training [12]. Virtual training technology provides a low-risk or even zero-risk solution for college physical training, and its biggest advantage is that it can carry out repeated exercises for many times [13]. This paper mainly analyzes the combination of VR technology and physical education training and teaching projects by using the case analysis method and combining specific cases, and explores the application feasibility and restrictive factors of VR technology in specific cases [14]. At the same time, relevant questionnaires were set to analyze the application status of VR technology in the training and teaching of the ministry of physical education, and the validity of the recovered effective questionnaires was analyzed, so as to better analyze the application status and provide feasible suggestions for the application of VR technology in sports training [15]. The research of this paper will break the bottleneck of the application of VR technology in sports training and promote the deep integration of VR technology and sports training teaching.

2 Method 2.1

Study Key Points and Difficulties

Research emphasis of this paper is to find a project combined with VR technology and sports training teaching cases, and according to the case, as much as possible to find the VR technology with sports training teaching project feasibility and what problems still exist in the process of integration, find out the ways to solve these problems, promote the VR technology to better teaching and sports training project integration, safe, reliable and convenient for students to study environment. The difficulty of the study lies in how to make use of existing cases to provide a better integration scheme for the integration of VR technology and physical education training and teaching, and discuss which aspects to take as the entry point of integration, so as to truly provide

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convenience for students and powerful help for teachers’ teaching, so as to improve the training and teaching quality of sports clubs. 2.2

Research Ideas and Methods

First of all, this paper selected a case, with “VR+ sports” as the keyword to search on baidu baike, screening out the most similar case with this study. The case was identified as: guangdong hongyuan club of the CBA league used VR glasses to help players train. Secondly, the background of this case is analyzed and the performance of athletes who have experienced VR training is analyzed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of VR training are summarized, and the combination of advantages and disadvantages is discussed to better integrate VR technology into sports training and teaching projects. This paper also analyzes the application of VR technology in the training and teaching of the ministry of physical education. This questionnaire mainly sets three questions: background questions, objective questions and subjective questions. Background questions include gender and age; The objective questions include whether to know the training mode of VR+ sports, whether to receive the training mode of VR+ sports, and whether the training mode of VR+ sports is beneficial. The subjective problems include how to enhance the integration degree, what are the fusion situations of VR and sports, the application advantages of VR technology in sports, and the problems existing in the application of VR technology in sports. In this experiment, a total of 324 questionnaires were collected, among which 278 were valid questionnaires, and finally the 278 questionnaires were analyzed.

3 Experiment According to the purpose of the questionnaire, set the content of the questionnaire. Questionnaire statistical information mainly includes the following four points: one is how to enhance the VR technology and the teaching of sports training alignment: increase the degree of students’ knowledge of VR technology, specialized courses in VR technology, gradually enhance the application of VR technology in sports training or to let the students experience the VR+ sports training process; The second is what we know about the integration of VR and sports: VR+ sports media, VR+ sports training, VR+ sports entertainment or VR+ other aspects; Three is the application of VR technology in sports advantage: to avoid the occurrence of unexpected circumstances, in the process of sports training can help students develop personalized training plan, can reduce the risk of difficult moves, can make up for the insufficient material conditions limiting factor, can improve the training of student achievement, is conducive to the improvement of students’ physical training quality; Fourth, the problems existing in the application of VR technology in sports: cost and price limit the development of VR+ sports; hardware and software technology development is not mature; VR+ sports weakens the ability of communication, cooperation and response between participants or reduces the role requirements of teachers. Statistical analysis and validity analysis were performed on 278 valid questionnaires. The statistical analysis includes the fusion of VR and sports, the application

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advantages of VR technology in sports and the problems of VR technology in sports application. The reliability coefficient of this questionnaire is R = 0.91, which proves that the questionnaire has a high credibility, that is, the content of the questionnaire is highly consistent with the research content of this paper.

4 Discuss 4.1

Experimental Results Show

According to the questionnaire, we can obtain the application distribution of VR technology based on the data of the fusion of VR and sports, as shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the integration of VR and sports mainly includes three aspects: VR+ sports media, VR+ sports training, and VR+ sports entertainment, among which sports training is the most important aspect. Table 1. Application distribution of VR technology Content VR+ sports media VR+ sports training VR+ sports entertainment VR+ others

Number 120 156 108 94

Frequency 43.17% 56.12% 38.85% 33.81%

According to the survey of the application of VR technology in sports, we can conclude the results are shown in Table 2, the M1 said cost and price limit the development of VR+ sports, hardware and software technology development is not mature, the M2 said M3 said VR+ sports weakened the ability of communication and cooperation between the participants and the reaction, the M4 said reduces the requirements of the role of teacher. Table 2. Problems of VR technology in sports applications Content M1 M2 M3 M4

Number 209 186 187 160

Frequency 75.18% 66.91% 67.27% 57.55%

According to the questionnaire of VR application in sports training, the results of our analysis is shown in Fig. 1, the X1 said can avoid the happening of accidents in the process of sports training, X2 say can help students develop personalized training program can reduce the risk of difficult moves, the X3 said, X4 said compensates for lack of material conditions of constraints, the X5 says can improve the training of

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students’ scores, X6 said is conducive to the improvement of students’ physical training quality. As can be seen from Fig. 1, the application advantages of VR in sports training mainly include avoiding the occurrence of unexpected situations during sports training, reducing the risk of difficult movements and making up for the limitation factors of insufficient material conditions.

250 200

75.18% 67.99% 58.27%

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100 50 0 X1

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X4

80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00%

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Fig. 1. Application advantages of VR

4.2

Application and Advantage Analysis of VR Technology

(1) Problems in application First, cost and price limit the development of VR+ sports. VR products are developing at a high speed, but the high cost of VR hardware cannot be ignored. Cost and price have become an important factor hindering the application of VR technology in the field of sports. Secondly, hardware and software technology development is not mature. China lags far behind foreign countries in the research and development of VR software, and the virtual environment can only simulate a simple external environment, which results in the loss of users’ sense of immersion. In addition, users often have the illusion of movement in the process of using VR products. In terms of hardware, it can not achieve the effect of portable, and the comfort of wearing affects the immersion of sports experience. Finally, VR+ sports weaken the ability of cooperation and reaction among participants. If VR products are used in sports training for a long time, it may lead to the decline of participants’ ability to socialize, cooperate and respond. In some team sports, VR system simulation produces teammates, which may cause athletes to be selfcentered in training and neglect teamwork.

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(2) Application advantages The first is to avoid the occurrence of unexpected situations in the process of physical training. Many colleges and universities no longer include the items with low safety coefficient in the physical education curriculum based on security considerations. The emergence of computer virtual technology has greatly reduced the danger of daily training of these sports items, thus promoting the development of these items in college physical education curriculum. In this near-real simulation environment, students can ignore the physical injury, free hands and feet for a variety of required training. The second is to reduce the risk of difficult movements. The application of computer VR technology, training in a virtual real environment, has reduced this risk, and the complex technical movements, difficulty and intensity of training have become as easy as usual, eliminating accidental injuries in the training process. Finally, there are the limiting factors that can make up for the shortage of material conditions. Computer VR technology solved the problem very well, in the case of without increasing hardware cost, only need to carry on the corresponding software development, and can simulate the function of the different equipment, develop new training projects become very simple.

5 Conclusion From a comprehensive perspective, VR technology can create a simulation of the real training environment, and cooperate with multimedia technology to make vivid teaching videos and repeat explanations. The application in the teaching and training of sports clubs is still in the primary stage, and many problems have been exposed in the practical application process, so we should treat them reasonably, face up to the problems, and have firm confidence in the future development. Through the application of VR technology in college sports basketball, aerobics, volleyball teaching and daily training, virtual scene can reduce the intensity and danger of athletes’ training, and improve the pertinence, efficiency and quality of training. The application of VR technology in sports teaching and training should be enlarged.

References 1. Maples-Keller, J.L., Bunnell, B.E., Kim, S.-J.: The use of virtual reality technology in the treatment of anxiety and other psychiatric disorders. Harv. Rev. Psychiatry 25(3), 103–113 (2017) 2. Li, L., Yu, F., Shi, D.: Application of virtual reality technology in clinical medicine. Am. J. Transl. Res. 9(9), 3867–3880 (2017) 3. Lin, Y., Wang, X., Peng, K.: Virtual reality technology in the psychological treatment for autism spectrum disorders: an systematic review. Adv. Psychol. Sci. 26(3), 518 (2018) 4. Liu, B., Ding, Q., Zhu, W.: Research progress on the role of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation of nervous system diseases. Chin. J. Contemp. Neurol. Neurosurg. 64(127), 53–63 (2018)

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5. Yang, S.J.H., Chen, S.Y.: The influences of the 2D image-based augmented reality and virtual reality on student learning. Educ. Technol. Soc. 20(3), 110–121 (2017) 6. Sharma, A., Bajpai, P., Singh, S.: Virtual reality: blessings and risk assessment. Indian J. Sci. Technol. 11(20), 1–20 (2018) 7. Afzal, W., Hagan, A.: Using virtual reality to counter extremism. Proc. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 54(1), 612–613 (2017) 8. Rizzo, A.S., Koenig, S.T.: Is clinical virtual reality ready for primetime. Neuropsychology 31(8), 62–78 (2017) 9. He, Z., Sui, X., Zhao, Y.: The development trend of virtual reality and augmented reality technology based on holographic optics. Sci. Technol. Rev. 36(9), 8–17 (2018) 10. Qu, B., Zhang, Z., Li, F.: Research and application of oil operator training system based on virtual reality technology. J. Petrochem. Univ. 30(1), 54–59 (2017) 11. Qiu, Y., Ren, H.-X., Yin, J.-G.: A free fall lifeboat training system based on virtual reality technology. Dalian Haishi Daxue Xuebao/J. Dalian Marit. Univ. 43(3), 14–18 (2017) 12. Oliver, C., Murray, A.D., Fawkner, S.: Tomorrow’s doctors want more teaching and training on physical activity for health. Br. J. Sports Med. 5(8), 624–625 (2017) 13. Parzeller, M., Amendt, J., Zehner, R.: Interdisciplinary teaching and training - a medicolegal specialty. Arch. Kriminol. 239(3–4), 117–128 (2017) 14. Yusof, C.M., Nor, M.M.: Level of teacher’s self efficacy based on gender, teaching experience and teacher training. Adv. Sci. Lett. 23(3), 2119–2122 (2017) 15. Yang, Y.Y.: The problems and suggestions on the training of graduates qualified to teaching of chemistry specialty in normal universities. Univ. Chem. 32(8), 2–6 (2017)

Review of Agricultural Intellectual Property and Agricultural Science and Technology Xue Zhang(&) Guizhou University of Commerce-School of Management, Guiyang 550014, Guizhou, China [email protected]

Abstract. Presently, amounts of literatures about agricultural intellectual property and agricultural science and technology in China were done by scholars, but most of them focus on the protection mechanism of agricultural intellectual property and the transformation mechanism of scientific and technological achievements. Reviewing from related research papers at home and abroad in the past 20 years, it is found that not much attention has been paid to the innovation of agricultural science and technology and the industrialization of agricultural intellectual property. Consequently, on the basis of literature searching, this paper defines the development context of agricultural science and technology and agricultural intellectual property research for advancing and deepening relative researches in China. Keywords: Agricultural science and technology property
Innovation
Industrialization


Agricultural intellectual

Under the context of the diversified development of the international economy and the deepening of the “one belt and one road” initiative, China’s agricultural production mode characterized by tradition, simplicity and extensive has been severely challenged. The development of agricultural products in china still paused in the primary processing stage. The issues such as pesticide residue and low technology of agricultural products have seriously affected the competitiveness of advantage in the world. However, the development of agriculture must depend on the progressing of science and technology and enhancing the added value of agricultural products. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop the creation, protection and application of agricultural technology innovation and agricultural intellectual property (IP).

1 Overview of Research Results 1.1

Overview of Research Directions at Home and Abroad

On the basis of Web of Science and CNKI, this paper conducts literature retrieval with the keywords of agricultural intellectual property, agricultural intellectual property, agricultural related intellectual property and agricultural technology. Combing the

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literature in the past 20 years, it can be found that scholars at home and abroad have made a lot of exploration and research on agricultural IP and agricultural technology [1–3]. Domestic and foreign academic research on agricultural IP and agricultural science and technology mainly focuses on the following fields: protection mechanism of agricultural IP, innovation system of agricultural technology, transformation mode of agricultural technology achievements and performance evaluation of agricultural science and technology achievements. Especially, in the past 10 years, the scholars have done a lot of in-depth research on the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. Performance evaluation, transformation mechanism, incentive system, intermediary service organization construction, technology promotion and capital guarantee have been explored to effectively improve the transformation rate of agricultural technological achievements. 1.2

Overview of Research Focus at Home and Abroad

In the past 20 years, scholars at home and abroad have carried out extensive and detailed research on the industrialization of agricultural IP rights, the transformation of agricultural technological achievements and its main ways of realization, namely, the Industry-University-Research Cooperative Model. Considerable achievements in theoretical construction and practical guidance have been achieved [4–7]. Intellectual IP system is the source of innovation. The creation, protection and application of agricultural IP provide a solid guarantee for agricultural scientific and technological innovation. At present, scholars have done in-depth research on the protection of IP rights, and relevant systems have gradually improved. Relatively speaking, the research on the protection mechanism in the field of agricultural intellectual property is lagging behind. At present, plant breeding and agricultural patents are the main objectives of agricultural intellectual property research in foreign countries. For example, the system of property rights protection and achievement transformation in the United States is quite perfect, and its advanced agricultural technology extension system promotes the development of agricultural technology. In contrast, the protection system of agricultural intellectual property rights in China remains to be perfected. Domestic research focuses on the judicial relief of infringement and the definition of the scope of property rights protection, and a relatively mature theoretical system of agricultural intellectual property protection mechanism has not been formed yet so far. At present, there are not many researches on the industrialization of intellectual property at home and abroad, especially in the field of agriculture. The existing research focuses on the front-end of industrialization: the protection and transformation mechanism of property rights. As the effective transformation of achievements is the premise of the industrialization of agricultural intellectual property, the transformation mechanism is the focus of the research on technological achievements. The research in developed countries has become mature, while the relevant mechanisms in China need to be strengthened. Many problems in the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements have seriously affected the transformation rate. Therefore, domestic scholars pay more attention to the existing problems of transformation and the corresponding countermeasures.

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2 Overview of Research Content 2.1

Research on the Protection of Agricultural IP

IP protection and innovation are closely linked. Effective IP protection can better promote the IP creation and technological innovation [6]. In developed countries, the system of IP protection and the ability of IP creation are relatively better. The United States has become the world power of science and technology, which is largely due to its earliest implementation of IP protection. At present, the United States is the most typical country in the IP protection system in the world. With the acceleration of knowledge innovation, technology innovation and the deep integration of national market, the trade disputes about IP between countries become more frequent, such as the “301”, “337” investigation on IP protection and the disputes under TRIPS between China and the United States. The conflict of IP rights does not substantially hinder the trade relations between China and the United States. On the contrary, the resulting pressure of IP protection has effectively promoted the independent innovation and IP creation in China [8–10, 16]. The protection system of agricultural IP is an important legal guarantee to protect and promote the innovation of agricultural technology, and to transform the competitive advantage of science and technology into the economy. Strengthening the protection of agricultural IP is not only conducive to the continuous innovation of agricultural technology, but also to the rationalization of resource allocation and technology industrialization. The effective utilization of agricultural research achievements and the protection of the enthusiasm and creativity of property owners are ultimately guaranteed [11]. In recent years, the research on the protection of agricultural IP has gradually deepened. Innovation knowledge and the proportion of IP rights in the total value of products is increasing. The advantages of knowledge innovation in promoting technological development are not only reflected in industrial products, but also in agricultural production and service industry [9]. The reason why the United States leads the world in the protection of IP rights of new plant varieties is that federal statutes provide systematic protection, such as the Plant Patent Act, the Plant Variety Protection Act and the general utility patent statute (Figg 1999). The Plant Variety Protection Act provides strong protection for the interests of traditional plant breeders and molecular biologists and effectively promotes the development of seed industry in the United States. Berman (2002) pointed out that in terms of agricultural patents and property rights of new plant varieties, the exclusive rights granted to inventors or breeders by law can often promote the commercialization of their knowledge creation, ensure that they can obtain sufficient economic benefits in future product development, and thus stimulate their enthusiasm for the further innovation [11–15]. Buanec and Ricroch [2] compared the plant variety protection laws of Europe and the United States and summarized the relevant regulations of developing countries. It is considered that the breeding of new plant varieties is a creative activity with high cost and high risk. Therefore, if the rights of breeders are not fully protected, the innovation activities will be seriously affected. In some countries, plant varieties are traditionally unprotected. Evance et al. aim to establish a legal system to protect plant varieties and promote breeding innovation through case studies (Evance et al. 2009). The rights of

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plant breeders will be affected by the change of patent protection system. Fister et al. [4] tried to create an innovative scheme to manage the IP rights of seed industry through the patent protection mode of plant varieties marked by DNA. With the deepening of the I P driven Strategy, China attaches importance to the protection of IP rights increasingly. Bi [1] proposed to expand the benefit sharing of the object of patent and new plant variety protection, and to make special legislation on genetic resources by combing the protection system of agricultural IP rights in China, the problems and reasons in this regard and drawing on the successful experience of developed countries. Considering the protection system of agricultural IP in China, Min et al. [13] proposed that new plant varieties, agricultural patents and agricultural trademarks should be protected firstly, and provided corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. At present, there are still some problems in the protection of agricultural IP in China, such as the standard of the protection mechanism and the asymmetry with the international IP protection mechanism, which to some extent affects the competitiveness of agricultural products in the international market. In addition, the IP protection and incentive of agricultural researchers in China are insufficient, which hinders the enthusiasm of agricultural researchers [15–17]. 2.2

Study on the Industrialization of Agricultural IP

The industrialization of agricultural intellectual property refers to the transformation of agricultural IP achievements in the form of knowledge into productive technological and economic activities through specialized, large-scale and intensive commodity production and sales [12]. In short, the industrialization of agricultural IP is the marketization of agricultural IP. With regard to the industrialization of agricultural IP, Lou et al. [8] proposed the form of establishing joint-stock technology enterprises, in which technology, capital and other enterprises were invested and operated, and the R & D center platform was jointly built by means of technology support, technology holding, capital equity and other ways. With the support of leading agricultural enterprises, the cooperation will be carried out in a diversified and multi-faceted way, accelerating the industrialization of agricultural IP. To a large extent, the introduction of technology investment can stimulate the enthusiasm and ability of researchers. Zeng [17] believed that the venture capital mechanism could be applied in the high-tech industry, and a compound investment and financing model could be established, which would provide a solid financial guarantee for the development of agricultural IP industrialization. The introduction of venture capital mechanism can provide financial guarantee for the industrialization of agricultural IP. As early as 2001, there have been relevant researches, but the mechanism has not been well applied in the practice of agricultural IP industrialization so far. Song et al. [10] made a detailed study on the way of obtaining loans by pledge of IP rights, believing that pledge, custody and securitization are not only financing methods, but also property management methods. Yang et al. (2006) summarized the problems in the process of agricultural IP industrialization and put forward measures, that is, to promote innovation, improve the quality of farmers and agricultural technology extension personnel and build intermediary service system and information service platform. Chen et al. [3] conducted a text analysis based on the

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industrialization literature of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, and explored the shortcomings of existing research from five perspectives: IP mechanism, incentive mechanism, benefit distribution mechanism, supply-demand docking mechanism and supply-demand docking. 2.3

Research on the Transformation Mechanism of Agricultural Scientific and Technological Achievements

The transformation of agricultural technological achievements provides strong support for the rapid development of agriculture and rural economy. Agricultural science and technology plays a considerable role in promoting the construction of new countryside and upgrading of rural industrial structure. With the role of agricultural technology gradually highlighted, the investment in this field is increasing year by year [7]. The main body of the transformation of agricultural technological achievements mainly includes extension agencies, sci-tech parks, enterprises and professional cooperation organizations, which are the intermediate link between the UniversityResearch Cooperation Model agricultural scientific research departments and the target subjects (partners of agricultural enterprises and farmers). In addition, the main reasons for the low transformation rate are the imperfect intermediary market of IP, the weak market operation and the shortage of operating funds. Zhou et al. (2015) pointed out that it is necessary to establish a long-term and effective coordination and communication system, formulate a reasonable and efficient assessment and incentive system, strengthen financial support, including the establishment of special expenses to provide financial support for agricultural insurance and technology sharing platform, so as to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in agricultural universities. It is necessary to establish personalized operation mechanism of achievement transformation according to the actual needs of farmers and agricultural enterprises for science and technology. Hua et al. (2015) analyzed the characteristics of scientific and technological research in agricultural universities and the problems existing in the process of its achievements transformation, and pointed out that the form of technology transaction and cooperation between scientific and technological enterprises and agricultural universities promoted the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in agricultural universities. The extension of agricultural science and technology is the key to the transformation of achievements. At present, China’s agricultural technology extension department is mainly responsible for the promotion of important agricultural and public welfare technology achievements, as well as providing policy and technology consulting services. To improve the work efficiency of agricultural science and Technology Extension Department, market effect can be fully utilized to introduce competition mechanism and incentive policy. In addition, the main scope of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements can be broadened to fully mobilize the scientific research and teaching department. Government departments can set up awards for the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements to provide incentives from material and spiritual aspects. Private organizations, intermediary

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organizations, enterprises and professional cooperative organizations can adopt incentive mechanisms such as equity dividends and welfare benefits to encourage the promotion and transformation of technological achievements. 2.4

Research on the Model of Industry-University-Research Cooperation

Industry-University-Research Cooperation Model is the main mode of the industrialization of IP. It can be traced back to the Manhattan Plan of the United States in the Second World War. Terman model of Stanford University in the United States in the 1950s created “Silicon Valley”, “Boston 128 Road Park” and other successful cases. As this kind of cooperation has indeed effectively promoted economic development, it has become an important issue in many countries’ innovation policies, and it has also attracted the attention of scholars. In 1966, Lincoln, an American scholar, published the first article in this field and carried out systematic research for the first time. In the 1950s, the birth of Silicon Valley set off a research upsurge of the IndustryUniversity-Research Cooperation Model all over the world. Fernandez (2015) found that the linear model in the early stage of the Industry-University-Research Cooperation Model was determined by the different interests and values of the collaboration subjects from the perspective of the government’s technology policy. The development of Industry-University-Research Cooperation Model has gone through three stages, from the initial linear cooperation model, to the state led cooperation, and to the current Triple Helix Model. Under the Triple Helix Model of the combination of government, industry and university, the integration of various subjects is more in-depth. According to the Triple Helix Model, the interaction among university, enterprise and government is the core of innovation system. In the process of transforming knowledge into productivity, the linkage of the three parties is an important factor to promote the generation and dissemination of knowledge. In this process, the participants interact with each other, thus promoting the spiral rise of innovation. The relevant research on this in our country was not started until the 1990s. The development of relevant research in China has gone through three stages. The first stage is the exploration stage from 1992 to 1998. In this stage, the joint development project was launched and the cooperative operation mechanism between enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes was established. In the development stage from 1999 to 2005, the technological innovation status of enterprises was confirmed in this stage and the technological innovation mode characterized by market-oriented, enterprise oriented and multi-party cooperation was gradually established. In the stage of prosperity and development, from 2001 to 2015, cooperation has been further developed, innovation resources have been effectively integrated and the national innovation system has been basically established. With the developing of economy, the research content of Industry-UniversityResearch Cooperation Model is further enriched and the scope is also expanded. Based on the chain model in the process of technological innovation and the existing problems in the current Industry-University-Research Cooperation Model, Xi et al. [14] established a model with financial intervention, which effectively reduced capital risk and improved cooperation efficiency. Collaborative innovation of Industry-UniversityResearch Cooperation Model is a multi-faceted and multi-level organizational

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collaboration, including three-dimensional collaborative process of strategy, organization and knowledge [5]. With decades of economic development, this model has evolved from a single linear organization management model to a network structure, a spiral structure, an open structure and other models.

3 Conclusion Agriculture is the basic industry of our country, and it also the foundation part of the national economy. It is very important to ensure food security and social stability. With the deepening of the Innovation-Driven Development Strategy, the IP driven Strategy and the Rural Revitalization Strategy, the innovation of agricultural science and technology and the industrialization of agricultural IP achievements have become much more important for the development of modern agriculture. Further research on the innovation mechanism of agricultural science and technology and the efficient industrialization mode of agricultural IP make great contribution to the upgrading of agricultural industry development.

References 1. Bi, H., Huang, R., Yang, T., et al.: Agricultural intellectual property rights protection and solutions. J. Zhejiang A&F Univ. 27(5), 776–780 (2010) 2. Buanec, B.L., Ricroch, A.: Intellectual property protection of plant innovation. In: Plant Biotechnology, pp. 59–73. Springer (2014) 3. Chen, M., Liu, Y.: A meta-analysis of the factor of agricultural science and technology achievements industrialization. Sci. Technol. Ind. 14(2), 1–5 (2014) 4. Fister, K., Fister, I., Murovec, J., et al.: DNA labelling of varieties covered by patent protection: a new solution for managing intellectual property rights in the seed industry. Transgenic Res. 26(1), 1–9 (2017) 5. He, Y.: The theoretical model of I-U-R collaborative innovation. Stud. Sci. Sci. 30(2), 165– 174 (2012) 6. Liu, C.: Intellectual property as the first property right: a discovery in civil law. Intellect. Prop. 10, 3–9 (2015) 7. Liu, X., Shen, Q., He, Z.: An empirical study on the fund performance of the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements in China. J. Agrotech. Econ. 6, 74– 81 (2015) 8. Lou, H., Chen, Z., Xiaoqin, M.A.: Studies on innovation and ways to the industrialization of agricultural science and technology achievements. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull. 21(4), 379–382 (2005) 9. Martínez-Piva, J.M.: Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, and Development. Springer, New York (2009) 10. Song, W., Hu, H.: Study on the risk diversion mechanism of IPR mortgage loans. Intellect. Prop. 19(4), 73–77 (2009) 11. Tian, Y.Y.: Legal protection of agricultural intellectual property. Agric. Econ. 2, 59–60 (2016) 12. Wang, Z., Zhang, Z.: Analysis on the facing problems and causes of industrialization related to agriculture intellectual property rights. Pioneer. Sci. Technol. Mon. 20(6), 133–134 (2007)

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13. Wu, M., Liu, J.: The current situation and countermeasures of agricultural intellectual property protection in China. Agric. Econ. 3, 35–36 (2006) 14. Xi, Z., Li, X., Chi, K.: Study on the financially intervened technology collaborative innovation model of government, industry, academy, research and users. Sci. Technol. Prog. Policy 29(22), 19–25 (2012) 15. Yang, X.: Review and improvement of agricultural intellectual property. J. Northwest A & F Univ. (Social Science Edition) 16(3), 142 (2016) 16. Yu, L.H.: Interest groups and sino-US conflicts over intellectual property protection. In: International Conference on Advances in Education and Management, pp. 572–578. Springer, Berlin (2011) 17. Zeng, F.: Establishing investment and financing mechanism for agricultural technology achievement industrialization. Res. Agric. Mod. 22(6), 334–337 (2001)

Current Status and Prospects of Energy Saving Evaluation of Lifting Machinery Fei Shuai1, Yifan Shao1,2, Zhihao Ge2, Yifei Tong2, and Xiangdong Li1(&) 1

Special Equipment Safety Supervision Inspection Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China [email protected] 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

Abstract. Lifting machinery is an indispensable key equipment in the production of metallurgy, shipbuilding, electric power, transportation, petrochemical and other industries. Reasonable evaluation of its energy consumption status is of great significance for guiding energy-saving production of lifting machinery. Based on the analysis of domestic crane application status, this paper summarizes and comments on crane energy-saving evaluation technology and puts forward the prospect. Keywords: Lifting machinery saving evaluation


Energy consumption characteristics
Energy

1 Introduction As “Special Equipment Safety Law” clearly required, special equipment must meet the energy saving requirements. The lifting mechanical as a variety of special equipment, in addition to meet safety requirements, must also meet the energy saving requirements. However, in terms of technology and energy saving conservation, there are still many defects in China’s cranes. Compared with the international advanced level, there is still a big gap. Therefore, China’s lifting mechanical industry to optimize the design, manufacturing as a whole, to establish a low-energy efficient products target [1, 2]. Based on the evaluation results of crane energy consumption, energy efficiency evaluation standards and energy efficiency evaluation levels can be established. Therefore, the evaluation of crane energy consumption and the development of crane energy efficiency rating and crane energy efficiency standards are not only the implementation of relevant laws and regulations, but also the trend of establishing a resource-saving society, with important social and economic value. This paper first analyzes the application and energy consumption of cranes in China, then summarizes and reviews the research status of energy-saving evaluation technology at home and abroad. Finally, it puts forward the prospect of research on crane energy-saving technology based on the shortcomings of current research.

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2 Domestic Crane Application and Energy Consumption With the accelerating process of industrial automation, large cranes are increasingly becoming an indispensable key equipment in the production of major industries such as machinery, shipbuilding and metallurgy. Figure 1 shows the sales of cranes in recent ten years. From 2007 to 2011, China’s crane sales increased year by year. Since 2012, China’s economic situation has been relatively severe, and the market is also saturated due to the rapid growth of crane sales in previous years [3]. Therefore, the crane market sales in 2012 and 2013 continued to fall. Since 2015, the entire crane industry has gradually recovered, and it is estimated that the total sales of lifting machinery will reach 44,000 units by 2020. In short, with the rapid growth of China’s economy, China’s lifting machinery has a broad application prospect.

Fig. 1. Trends in sales of Chinese lifting machinery from 2007 to 2017

In general, China’s key energy sources account for a small proportion of the world’s energy storage, while China’s population accounts for 21% of the world’s population, and per capita energy consumption is far below the world level. At the same time, due to the development needs, China has become one of the world’s largest energy consumers, and the demand for external energy is constantly increasing [4]. According to statistics, the number of cranes has reached 2,104,400 units, and its energy consumption is huge regardless of which source we use such as oil and electricity. Therefore, the law of the People’s Republic of China on energy conservation, which came into effect on April 1, 2008, clearly put forward the requirement of “examining and supervising the energy conservation of special equipment with high energy consumption in accordance with the regulations of the State Council”. On May 1, 2009, promulgated the “special equipment safety supervision regulations” also explicitly proposed “the state encourages special equipment of energy-saving technology research, development, demonstration and promotion, and promote the innovation and application of special equipment and energy saving technology”, and put forward the new requirements and performance measures to unit using of special equipment production and testing and supervision department.

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The AQSIQ Quality Inspection Letter [2007] No. 29 also stated that “energy consumption testing should be carried out on high energy consuming special equipment such as boilers, heat exchange pressure vessels and lifting machinery and others, and energy conservation supervision in the use of special equipment should be strengthened”.

3 Research Status of Energy Consumption Characteristics of Lifting Machinery The research on the energy consumption characteristics of cranes is an important theoretical basis for the development of crane energy-saving technologies and energy consumption assessment technologies. In the past research, researchers have conducted some research on the energy consumption characteristics of cranes. Ge [5] studied the energy consumption of these two processes mainly, through the field test, theoretical derivation and comparative analysis method, the energy consumption characteristics of the crane during the starting and braking process were reasonably analyzed. Compared with the lifting machinery, the energy consumption characteristics research technology of other equipment also has certain guidance and reference. CNC machine tools have a large number of energy consuming components, and the types cover hydro mechatronics. They have the same multi-source energy consumption characteristics as cranes. Hu [6] divided the energy-consuming components into two parts: load-independent and load-dependent according to the energy consumption characteristics of various components of CNC machine tools. On this basis, the switching function and constant are introduced to describe the energy consumption of the load-independent part, and the power balance equation is used to express the energy consumption of the load-dependent part to establish an integrated model of energy consumption of CNC machine tools. He [7] put forward the energy transmission model of heavy-duty vehicle transmission system based on the analysis of energy flow and energy consumption characteristics of heavy-duty vehicle transmission system, and established the internal correlation mechanism of power input and output of heavy-duty vehicle transmission system. From the above researches, the researchers studied the energy consumption characteristics of the equipment by establishing models, test analysis and other methods, and laid the foundation for further research on energy consumption technology.

4 Research Status of Energy Saving Evaluation Technology for Lifting Machinery At present, the home appliance industry is ahead of other industries in the implementation of energy consumption labeling, and energy consumption rating labeling has been fully enforced. In the Energy Efficiency Measurement and Energy Efficiency Rating of Household Refrigerators promulgated by the state in 2008, the ratio of actual energy consumption to benchmark energy consumption was taken as the evaluation index of energy consumption of refrigerators, and the energy consumption rating of

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refrigerators was divided into five levels. In the Limited Value and Grade of Energy Efficiency and Water Efficiency of Electric Washing Machines implemented in 2013, energy consumption of washing machines were divided into five levels according to the average of power consumption, water consumption and washing ratio of washing machines under rated and half-load capacity, and evaluation values of energy conservation, water conservation and water efficiency were formulated. There are few studies on energy consumption evaluation of lifting machinery at home and abroad. Zeng [8] took the bridge crane as the research object and studied the transmission efficiency detection method of the lifting mechanism, which provided the basis for the research on energy saving of the crane. Hu [9] carried out energy saving design of tower crane by using the theory of “basic principle of energy saving in mechanical design”, “balance structure” and “balance system”, and completed the evaluation of energy saving effect of crane based on the results of dynamic analysis. Chen [10] took the bridge crane as the research object and proposed the principle of separate evaluation of the working mechanism. Energy consumption per unit mass, energy consumption per unit displacement and energy consumption per unit speed were taken as the evaluation indexes of energy consumption to realize the evaluation and classification of energy consumption of the bridge crane. Compared with lifting machinery, the technology research on energy evaluation of another special equipment elevator have had certain results. Foreign countries have published the relevant standards for evaluation of elevator Energy consumption, among which, the German elevator Energy consumption standard VDI 4707 Lifts Energy Efficiency is widely recognized [11]. It is stipulated in the standard that the total energy consumption of the elevator is determined by standby energy consumption and operating energy consumption, and the power consumption kilometer per ton of the elevator under operating conditions is taken as the evaluation index of the energy consumption of the elevator, and the total energy consumption of the elevator is determined based on the daily running time, standby time and standby power of the elevator. German elevator energy consumption standard is based on the actual energy consumption data of European countries, but its application is limited by the region. In China, a series of researches on energy consumption of elevator equipment have been carried out and some scientific achievements have been obtained. The project team of Elevator Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Detection Technology Research took the elevator ton kilometer power consumption as the energy consumption evaluation index, measured the elevator energy consumption under various working conditions, and discussed over the elevator energy consumption. Although the overall structure and energy consumption of the crane are more complex than the elevator, the elevator energy consumption evaluation technology has been in the forefront compared with the crane. The above elevator energy consumption evaluation technology has a certain reference and guiding significance for the study of the crane energy consumption evaluation technology. To sum up, the research on energy saving evaluation technology of hoisting machinery in China is still in its infancy.

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5 Prospection Crane involves many energy consumptions links, large dynamic change, complex law of energy consumption, therefore, the evaluation of crane energy saving is a complex system engineering, the work of each link will have an impact on the final evaluation results. For the analysis of crane energy consumption characteristics and energy saving evaluation research, can be further improved in the following aspects and in-depth research. (1) based on the study of the relationship between the form of crane energy loss and energy-saving technology and reliability, the relationship between crane failure and energy-saving technology and the impact of failure on crane energy consumption can be further studied, (2) accurate energy consumption data is an important prerequisite for the scientific evaluation of crane energy consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the energy consumption detection technology of lifting machinery, improve the measurement accuracy of energy consumption data, and ensure the accuracy and scientific evaluation of crane energy saving, (3) how to make the existing energy consumption classification results and evaluation standards more representative and universal on the basis of expanding the scope of the research object is still the hot and difficult point of the current research, and (4) In the future, the relationship between the evaluation results of energy consumption and crane design and manufacturing, as well as the electronic and electrical, can be used to guide the optimization of energy consumption of cranes and provide reference indexes for the optimization of energy consumption of cranes. Acknowledgements. This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFF0209804), and the Program of Science Foundation of General Administration of Quality Supervision and Inspection of Jiangsu Province (KJ175940).

References 1. Special equipment safety law of the People’s Republic of China. Safety 35(02), 62–66 (2014). (in Chinese) 2. Zhang, J., Jiang, X., Du, H.: Design and development trend of metallurgical casting crane. Constr. Des. Proj. 08, 132–133 (2019). (in Chinese) 3. Zhang, W.: The balanced development of crane market. Constr. Mach. Maint. 1, 74 (2012). (in Chinese) 4. Lu, J.: Current situation of resources and environment and development trend of industry in China. China Venture Cap. 1, 49–50 (2009). (in Chinese) 5. Ge, X., Chen, Y.: Measurement and analysis of crane energy consumption. Hoisting Conveying Mach. 3, 6–9 (2010). (in Chinese) 6. Hu, Z.: Research on multi-source energy consumption characteristics of modern CNC machine tools. Chongqing University (2012). (in Chinese) 7. He, P.: Research on Energy Characteristics and Energy Saving Evaluation of Key Components of Heavy Vehicle Transmission System. HeFei University of Technology (2015). (in Chinese) 8. Zeng, H., Tang, Z., Tong, Y., Li, X.: Research on efficiency test of transmission parts of bridge crane. Mech. Des. Manuf. 44(12), 67–69 (2015). (in Chinese)

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9. Hu, X.: Energy Consumption Analysis and Energy Saving Design of Tower Crane (gantry crane). Chang’an University (2014). (in Chinese) 10. Chen, R.: Study on the Classification Method of Energy Consumption of Bridge Crane. Donghua University (2015). (in Chinese) 11. Karlis, A.D.: Energy consumption estimation on lift systems. The advantages of VVVF drives. In: International Conference on Electrical Machines (2014)

Recognition for Dangerous Goods Vehicles in Road Based on Dangerous Goods Mark Detection Qianying Hou(&) and Lei Wang The Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai, China [email protected]

Abstract. Dangerous goods are harmful to human health and environment if not properly controlled. It is necessary to monitor the road transportation of dangerous goods in real time. In this paper, we provide a solution for the automated recognition of dangerous goods vehicles in road and achieve the state-of-art performance on the Dangerous Goods Vehicles datasets. We improve the existing faster RCNN by combining several strategies, including a lightweight CNN architecture for basic feature extracting, guided negative samples and a series of heuristic rules for false detection filtering. The experiment indicates that our solution improve both the accuracy and the speed of detecting dangerous goods vehicles. Keywords: Detection


Dangerous goods
Faster RCNN

1 Introduction Dangerous goods are defined as articles or substances that when transported are a risk to health, safety, property or the environment. Road transportation of dangerous goods plays a very important role in China’s chemical industry. Over 300 million tons of refined oil, over 80 million tons of sulfuric acid, and over 32 million tons of sodium hydroxide are transported by road vehicles each year [1]. In recent years, dangerous goods transport accidents have happened in our country, a serious threat to people’s life safety. Undoubtedly, the safety management of road transportation of dangerous goods is of extreme significance. To avoid accidents, it is necessary to monitor dangerous chemicals transport vehicles on the road in real time. In this paper, we provide a solution for the automated recognition of dangerous goods transport vehicles by applying Faster RCNN [2] to detect and classify the dangerous goods mark installed on the vehicle. Faster RCNN has shown the state-of-art performance on several benchmarks, however, the dangerous goods marks on the vehicles are quite small and blurred, it contains less distinctive information compared to objects in datasets of consumer-style photographs from the web (such as ImageNet and COCO), they are really just colored rectangles, diamond or triangles. In addition, the background are complicated, the existing Faster RCNN always mistakes background patches in the image for dangerous goods marks. We combine several important strategies to address the above problems. First, instead of © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Z. Xu et al. (Eds.): CSIA 2020, AISC 1147, pp. 96–101, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43309-3_13

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using heavy network architecture such as ZF [3], VGG16 [4], a lightweight CNN network architecture based on Squeezenet [5] is designed for the task, the model achieve better accuracy than ZF/VGGnet, but it need less computational time and GPU memory. Second, during training, we select the false detection objects as negative examples rather than a randomly selected negative examples. Finally, a series of heuristic rules were applied to further filter wrong detection. The rest of this paper is structured as follows. First, in Sect. 2, we will briefly overview of the standard about dangerous goods mark and Faster R-CNN. In Sect. 3, we introduce our solution in details. The experiments details are presented in Sect. 4. Finally, we draw a conclusion in Sect. 5.

2 Related Work 2.1

Dangerous Goods Mark

According to the standard “The vehicle mark for road transportation dangerous goods” (GB 13392-2005), a dangerous goods vehicle has to carry marker lamp and colored dangerous goods mark in front and rear of the vehicle. This is illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Dangerous goods vehicles.

Fig. 2. Common dangerous goods marks.

Dangerous goods are divided into nine classes, including explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizing substances and organic peroxides, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive material, corrosive substances, miscellaneous dangerous substances. The common vehicle signs for road transportation of dangerous goods marks are illustrated in Fig. 2. 2.2

Overview of Faster R-CNN

As illustrated in Fig. 3, the Faster R-CNN [2] consists of two modules. The first, called the Regional Proposal Network (RPN), is used to generate object proposals. The second module is the Fast R-CNN detector [6] which feed these region proposals down the pipeline for object classification and bounding-box regression. The RPN and Fast R-CNN detector share large number of convolutional layers, we call it basic feature extractor. The features from the last shared convolutional layer are used for region proposal and region classification from separate branches.

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Fig. 3. The framework of the Faster RCNN.

3 Our Methods 3.1

Architecture

We adopt part of the SqueezeNet as our basic feature extractor. The SqueezeNet [5] uses three main ideas to reduce model size and increase speed. First, replace 3  3 filters with 1  1 filters. Second, decrease the number of input channels to 3  3 filters. Third, downsample late in the network so that convolution layers have large activation maps. The SqueezeNet begins with a standalone convolution layer (conv1), followed by 8 Fire modules (fire2–9), ending with a final conv layer (conv10). From the beginning to the end of the network, the number of filters per fire module was gradually increased. The average size of the dangerous goods mark is 70  70 pixels for diamonds and 40  20 for rectangles, the receptive field of fire6 is 111 which is large enough for the detection, so we remove the layers after fire6, the dimension of the feature vector is 384. The total stride on the fire6 is 16 pixels, which is consistent with ZF and VGG. In the RoI pooling layer, we use 3 instead of 6 for the pooling size. Two FC layers with 512 neurons was used for the Fast-RCNN. The new architecture has 20 few parameters than ZF based architecture while maintaining competitive accuracy. 3.2

Guided Negative Samples

In [2], they randomly sample 256 anchors in an image to compute the loss function of a mini-batch, the sampled positive and negative anchors have a ratio of up to 1:1. In this paper, the total number of the positive ground truth boxes in an image is at most six, so we set BATCHSIZE = 64 to reduce the imbalance between positive and negative anchors. The negative ground truths are defined as those appearance and shapes that are similar to the dangerous goods marks, they are annotated manually. During training, first, generate the positive anchors by selecting the maximum overlaps between the anchors and each positive ground truth box, set the labels =1. Then, we compute the overlaps between the anchors and each negative ground truth box to generate negative anchors, if the IoU > 0.7, set the labels = 0. If the total number of these anchors are

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fewer than 64, we pad the batch with randomly selected negative ones. The advantage of guided negative samples are: 1. no more additional categories, if we regard each kind of false detection as a category, this may cause class-imbalance problem. 2. semi-automatically annotation. First, we use the existing model to generate the bounding box, then annotate the false detection as negative ground truths by human. As illustrated in Fig. 4, the green bounding box represents positive ground truth boxes while the blue one represents negative ground truths and the red one represents randomly selected negative anchor.

Fig. 4. Anchors selected for mini-batch training.

3.3

Rules for Heuristic Filtering

Although we add guided negative samples during training to reduce false detections, there are still some errors in practical application scenarios. We devise a filtering mechanism to further filter false detections. The detected bounding box’s category, center coordinates and its width and height are denoted by cls(d), x(d), y(d), w(d) and h(d). The vehicle’s width and height are denoted by w(v) and h(v). The rules are summarized as follows: 1. We train a vehicle classification model which categorize vehicles into seven classes (MPV, bus, SUV, cars, trucks, vans and oil tanker). If the vehicle is recognized as trucks, vans or oil tanker, then it will be sent into the dangerous goods mark detection pipeline. 2. Aspect ratio. For most Rectangular dangerous marks, its aspect ratio (w/h) is less than 2.5, however the aspect ratio of license plate is mostly more than 2.8, this feature can be used to eliminate this kind of false detection which mistakes license plate as rectangular dangerous mark. 3. From the front-View of the vehicle, there are only two kinds of marks (rectangular or triangular dangerous marks) on the image. For the rectangular dangerous marks bounding box, its y(d) must be larger than h(v)/3. This feature can be used to eliminate false detection such as vehicle lamp or other things in driver’s cab.

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4. From the rear-view of the vehicle, some triangular or rectangular shape signs may be mistaken for the dangerous mark, so if the bounding box is recognized as triangular dangerous mark, its y(d) must be less than h(v)/3. If the bounding box is recognized as rectangular dangerous mark, we filter it out directly.

4 Experiments 4.1

Datasets

We construct a dangerous goods vehicle dataset, it is composed of 9536 images with 23715 positive ground truth bounding boxes and 3891 negative ground truth bounding boxes, these images are collected from the surveillance system. We use LabelMe [7] to annotate images. We randomly split the dataset into train and test sets in the ratio 8 to 1. 4.2

Implementation Details

During training process, all images were first resized to 600  600 and 800  800. We initialize network weights based on a pre-trained model, SqueezeNet. For model optimization, we use the SGD solver 45k iterations with a base learning rate of 0.001 and run another 25K iterations reducing the base learning rate to 0.0001. We set the batch size to 64 for each training image, momentum to 0.9. We use 3 scales (162 ; 322 and 1282 pixels) and 2 aspect ratios (1:1 and 1:2), leading to k = 6 anchors. After the non-maximum suppression (NMS), 600 region proposals were kept. During the test phase, we resize the input image to 600  600, then send it into the network, after the RPN module, we generate 300 region proposals. These proposals were sent into the second module and we set the NMS threshold to 0.3. Finally, if the classification confidence score of the region proposal is greater than 0.85, we regarded it as dangerous goods mark. 4.3

Experiments Results

Table 1 shows the results of Faster-RCNN with ZF net and out method. Compared to the Faster-RCNN, we get more than 2% improvements on accuracy and 2+ times faster, but we get less false detection results. Figure 5 shows some results on the test set.

Fig. 5. Dangerous goods mark detection results

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Table 1. Results on dangerous goods vehicle test dataset with Faster-RCNN (ZF net) and out method Method mAP (%) Rectangle Triangle Non flammable gas Flammable liquid/gases Corrosive Oxidant Rate

ZF+faster-RCNN 95.7 92.16 94.59 98.69 99.28 96.89 92.58 17 fps

Out method 98.09 93.73 96.74 99.64 99.85 99.58 98.98 41 fps

5 Conclusion In this paper, we have presented a solution for dangerous goods vehicles recognition based on dangerous goods mark detection. The results suggest that it outperforms Faster-RCNN with ZF net on both accuracy and speed. Future work will extend the solution to detect and recognize some special marks that can be used to identify a vehicle from others, such as some customized painting, favorite decorations, or even scratches etc. Acknowledgement. This work is sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0821603).

References 1. China Road Transport of Dangerous Goods: New Regulation and Standard Pending. https:// chemlinked.com/news/chemical-news/china-road-transport-dangerous-goods-new-regulationand-standard-pending. Accessed 07 Nov 2017 2. Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., et al.: Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39(6), 1137–1149 (2017) 3. Zeiler, M.D., Fergus, R.: Visualizing and understanding convolutional neural networks. In: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) (2014) 4. Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A.: Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) (2015) 5. Iandola, F.N., et al.: SqueezeNet: AlexNet-level accuracy with 50x fewer parameters and