Cultural History in Europe: Institutions - Themes - Perspectives [1. Aufl.] 9783839417249

What is the current state of discussion in Cultural History? Which European institutions engage exclusively in Cultural

180 70 2MB

English Pages 260 Year 2014

Report DMCA / Copyright

DOWNLOAD PDF FILE

Table of contents :
CONTENTS
Welcome Address
Traditions, Topics and Trends in Cultural History in Europe—an Introduction
From Ethnology and Folklore Studies to Cultural History in Scandinavia
Traditions of Cultural History in Finland, 1900-2000
The Practice of Cultural History in Britain
The Cultural History MA at the University of Aberdeen, 1986-2001: a personal reflection
Perspectives of the Cultural History in Latvia: The 20th century and beyond
A would-be science? A History of Material Culture in Poland before and after the year 1989
Achievements and Contradictions in the Writing and Teaching of Cultural History in Hungary
Beyond the Alpine Myth, Across the Linguistic Ditch. Cultural History in Switzerland
What’s new about the New Cultural History? An exemplary survey of the Austrian academic community
We’ve only just begun. Cultural History in Germany
Cultural History in Spain. History of Culture and Cultural History: same paths and outcomes?
Cultural History in Italy
Contributors
Recommend Papers

Cultural History in Europe: Institutions - Themes - Perspectives [1. Aufl.]
 9783839417249

  • 0 0 0
  • Like this paper and download? You can publish your own PDF file online for free in a few minutes! Sign Up
File loading please wait...
Citation preview

Jörg Rogge (ed.) Cultural History in Europe

Mainz Historical Cultural Sciences | Volume 5

Editorial The Mainzer Historische Kulturwissenschaften [Mainz Historical Cultural Sciences] series publishes the results of research that develops methods and theories of cultural sciences in connection with empirical research. The central approach is a historical perspective for cultural sciences, whereby both epochs and regions can differ widely and be treated in an all-embracing manner from time to time. The series brings together, among other things, research approaches in archaeology, art history and visualistic, philosophy, literary studies and history, and is open for contributions on the history of knowledge, political culture, the history of perceptions, experiences and life-worlds, as well as other fields of research with a historical cultural scientific orientation. The objective of the Mainzer Historische Kulturwissenschaften series is to become a platform for pioneering works and current discussions in the field of historical cultural sciences. The series is edited by the Co-ordinating Committee of the Special Research Group Historical Cultural Sciences (HKW) at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz.

Jörg Rogge (ed.)

Cultural History in Europe Institutions – Themes – Perspectives

The Conference on Cultural History in Europe was sponsored by the DFG. The Print was sponsored by the Research Focus Historical Cultural Sciences (HKW).

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de © 2011 transcript Verlag, Bielefeld

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Cover layout: Kordula Röckenhaus, Bielefeld Proofread by Cathleen Sarti, Mainz Typeset by Justine Haida, Bielefeld Printed by Majuskel Medienproduktion GmbH, Wetzlar ISBN 978-3-8376-1724-5 Global distribution outside Germany, Austria and Switzerland:

Transaction Publishers Rutgers University 35 Berrue Circle Piscataway, NJ 08854

Tel.: (732) 445-2280 Fax: (732) 445-3138 for orders (U.S. only): toll free 888-999-6778

C ONTENTS

Welcome Address ...............................................................................

7

ULRICH FÖRSTERMANN

Traditions, Topics and Trends in Cultural History in Europe—an Introduction ..............................................................

11

JÖRG ROGGE

From Ethnology and Folklore Studies to Cultural History in Scandinavia .....................................................................................

31

ANNE ERIKSEN

Traditions of Cultural History in Finland, 1900-2000 .................

45

HANNU SALMI

The Practice of Cultural History in Britain ..................................

63

LUDMILLA JORDANOVA

The Cultural History MA at the University of Aberdeen, DSHUVRQDOUHÀHFWLRQ .....................................................

79

NICK FISHER

Perspectives of the Cultural History in Latvia: The 20th century and beyond ........................................................... 0Ă57,Ƅä0,17$856

91

A would-be science? A History of Material Culture in Poland before and after the year 1989 ............................................................

125

,*25.Ć.2/(:6.,

Achievements and Contradictions in the Writing and Teaching of Cultural History in Hungary ......................................

141

$1'5($3(7ł

Beyond the Alpine Myth, Across the Linguistic Ditch Cultural History in Switzerland ............................................................

157

CHRISTOF DEJUNG

What’s new about the New Cultural History? An exemplary survey of the Austrian academic community ................

171

CHRISTINA LUTTER

We’ve only just begun Cultural History in Germany ................................................................

191

$&+,0/$1':(+5

Cultural History in Spain History of Culture and Cultural History: same paths and outcomes? ................................................................

211

CAROLINA RODRÍGUEZ-LÓPEZ

Cultural History in Italy ......................................................................

239

ALESSANDRO ARCANGELI

Contributors .........................................................................................

257

Welcome Address ULRICH FÖRSTERMANN, VICE-PRESIDENT FOR RESEARCH, JOHANNES GUTENBERG-UNIVERSITY, MAINZ

This volume presents the papers of the International Conference on Cultural History in Europe, which took place in Mainz from March 17th till 21st 2010. It ZDVWKHÀUVWLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRQIHUHQFHRIWKH&ROODERUDWLYH5HVHDUFK)RFXVRQ Historical Cultural SciencesRIWKH-RKDQQHV*XWHQEHUJ8QLYHUVLW\ 7KLV 5HVHDUFK )RFXV LQYHVWLJDWHV WKH GLVWLQFWLYH QDWXUH RI FXOWXUDO FLUFXPVWDQFHVZLWKLQWKHLUUHVSHFWLYHLQGLYLGXDOKLVWRULFDOFRQWH[W,WLVRQHRIWKHVHYHQ 5HVHDUFK)RFLRIRXU8QLYHUVLW\ZKLFKZHUHVHOHFWHGLQDFRPSHWLWLYHSURFHVV IRUWKHLUVSHFLÀFSRWHQWLDOIRULQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\UHVHDUFK7KHVHOHFWLRQRFFXUUHG ZLWKH[WHUQDOH[SHUWLVHXQGHUWKHDXVSLFHVRIRXUYHU\RZQ*XWHQEHUJ5HVHDUFK &ROOHJH)LQDQFLDOO\VXSSRUWHGE\WKH6WDWHRI5KLQHODQG3DODWLQDWHIURPWR WKH5HVHDUFK)RFXVHistorical Cultural SciencesDLPVDWGHYHORSLQJDVSHFLÀFKLVWRULFDOFXOWXUDOSURÀOHZLWKLQWKH8QLYHUVLW\·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ÀFLHQWLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRRSHUDWLRQ 7

Ulrich Förstermann

ZLWKRWKHUUHVHDUFKJURXSV,WLQWHQGVWRFRPSUHKHQVLYHO\WDNHVWRFNRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQ(XURSH3DUWLFLSDQWVIURPRYHUWHQ(XURSHDQFRXQWULHVZLOO ‡ UHSRUWRQWKHVWDWHRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQWKHLUUHVSHFWLYHFRXQWULHV ‡ FRQVLGHULQZKLFKZD\FXOWXUDOKLVWRU\DVDQDFDGHPLFGLVFLSOLQHLVLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWRWKHVWUXFWXUHGV\VWHPRIWKHLURZQ8QLYHUVLWLHVUHVHDUFKLQVWLWXWHV or other institutions, ‡ DVFHUWDLQ ZKLFK TXHVWLRQV DQG WRSLFV DUH SDUWLFXODUO\ LQ GHPDQG LQ FHUWDLQ FRXQWULHVRUKDYHDOUHDG\EHHQGHDOWZLWKWRDODUJHH[WHQW ‡ LGHQWLI\ SUHVXPHG IXWXUHÀHOGVRIUHVHDUFK ‡ H[DPLQHWKHRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGWKHOLPLWVRIÀQDQFLDOVXSSRUWIURP8QLYHUVLWLHVDQGRU VWDWH JRYHUQPHQWVDQG ‡ FRQVLGHUWKHUHODWLRQVKLSRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\WRRWKHUSDUWVRIKLVWRULFDOVFLHQFH DQGWRFXOWXUDOVWXGLHVLQDZLGHUVHQVH +LVWRULFDO &XOWXUDO 6FLHQFHV KDYH D ORQJ WUDGLWLRQ DW RXU 8QLYHUVLW\³QRW RQO\ LQWKHVRFLDOVFLHQFHVEXWLQDOORIWKHKXPDQLWLHV³DVSHFLDOUHVHDUFKOLEUDU\LV FXUUHQWO\EHLQJHVWDEOLVKHGRQRXUFDPSXV)XUWKHUPRUHRXUFROOHDJXHVLQYLWHG VHYHUDORXWVWDQGLQJVFKRODUVLQWKHÀHOGRITheories and Methods of Historical Cultural SciencesWR0DLQ]DV)HOORZVRIRXU*XWHQEHUJ5HVHDUFK&ROOHJH,Q WKLVFRQWH[WWKH\DOVR ‡ RUJDQL]HLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\UHVHDUFKV\PSRVLDWKUHHWRIRXUWLPHVHDFKVHPHVWHULQRUGHUWRLQFUHDVHV\QHUJLHVEHWZHHQWKHGLIIHUHQWDFDGHPLFGLVFLSOLQHV ‡ SXEOLVKDQHZKLVWRULFDOFXOWXUDOERRNVHULHVFDOOHGMainzer Historische Kulturwissenschaften Mainz Historical Cultural Sciences  WKH ÀUVW IRXU YROXPHVDUHDOUHDG\SXEOLVKHGDQG ‡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´WKDQN \RXµ WR WKH PDQ\ VXSSRUWHUV DQG RUJDQL]HUV )LUVW DQG IRUHPRVW-|UJ5RJJHDQGKLVWHDPZKRKDYHGRQHDZRQGHUIXOMRELQRUJDQL]LQJ 8

Welcome Address

WKHFRQIHUHQFHDQGHGLWLQJWKLVYROXPH7KH\UHFHLYHGFRQVLGHUDEOHKHOS,KHDU E\RXUFROOHDJXHVIURPWKH0HGLHYDOVHFWLRQRIRXU'HSDUWPHQWRI+LVWRU\/DVW EXWQRWOHDVW,ZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQNWKH*HUPDQ5HVHDUFK)RXQGDWLRQ ')* IRU WKHLUJHQHURXVVXSSRUWRIWKHFRQIHUHQFH

9

Traditions, Topics and Trends in Cultural History in Europe—an Introduction 1 JÖRG ROGGE

,QWKHGHEDWHVDERXWWKHWKHRU\DQGPHWKRGVRI(XURSHDQKLVWRULFDOVFLHQFHLQ WKH SDVW WKLUW\ \HDUV FXOWXUDO KLVWRULFDO DSSURDFKHV DQG IRUPXODWLRQV RI TXHVWLRQVSOD\HGDQGGRSOD\DQRXWVWDQGLQJUROH7KHLQWHUHVWLQWKLVZDVVWLPXODWHG E\WKHFKDQJLQJSUHYDLOLQJSROLWLFDODQGVRFLDOFRQGLWLRQVRQWKHRQHKDQGDQG DQ LQFUHDVLQJ GLVVDWLVIDFWLRQ ZLWK WKH GRPLQDQW KLVWRULFDOVFLHQWLÀF FRQFHSWV RQ WKH RWKHU 7KXV DW WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH V LQ WKH )HGHUDO 5HSXEOLF RI *HUPDQ\FULWLFLVPRI6RFLDO+LVWRU\RU+LVWRULFDO6RFLDO6FLHQFHLQWHUHVWHGLQ VRFLRHFRQRPLFVWUXFWXUHVDQGSURFHVVHVZKLFKSDLGKDUGO\DQ\DWWHQWLRQWRWKH FXOWXUDOPHDQLQJGLPHQVLRQVRIKLVWRULFDOUHDOLW\ZDVWKHVWDUWLQJSRLQWIRUWKH QHZO\DZDNHQLQJLQWHUHVWLQFXOWXUHDQGWKHSHRSOHZKRKDGSURGXFHGWKHLUUHVSHFWLYHFXOWXUH7KHLQYLWDWLRQJLYHQE\KLVWRULFDOVFLHQFHWRSD\PRUHDWWHQWLRQ DJDLQWRWKHDFWRUV³DGPLWWHGO\QRWWRWKHgreat men³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OOHU%RQJDUGDQG&DWKOHHQ6DUWL IRUWKHLUPDQLIROGVXSSRUWGXULQJWKHHGLWLQJSURFHVVRIWKLVYROXPH 11

Jörg Rogge

FRQWULEXWHWRWKHLUEHKDYLRXUDQGDUHWKHEDVLVIRUWKHLULQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKHLU ZRUOG3HRSOHZHUH DQGDUH OLQNHGWRJHWKHUDQGZLWKWKHLUHQYLURQPHQWE\VRFLDOSUDFWLFHVDQGYDULRXVIRUPVRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQ7KHKLVWRULFDODFWRUVH[SUHVV WKHLURSLQLRQRQWKHLURSSRVLWHQXPEHUVDQGWKHHQYLURQPHQWWKH\WKXVJHQHUDWH PHDQLQJVDQGJLYHWKHLU OLYLQJ ZRUOGDPHDQLQJ2 $JDLQVWWKLVEDFNJURXQGDQHZIRUPRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\GHYHORSHGLQ*HUPDQ\GLIIHULQJIURPWKHROGFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\RIWKHFORVLQJ\HDUVRIWKHthDQG HDUO\SDUWRIWKHthFHQWXU\,QGLVDVVRFLDWLRQIURPVRFLDOKLVWRU\RQHOHWRQHVHOIEHLQÁXHQFHGDERYHDOOE\HYHU\GD\DQGPHQWDOLW\KLVWRU\³WKHFRQFHSWV of the AnnalesSULPDULO\3DVZHOODVKLVWRULFDODQWKURSRORJ\4,QDGGLWLRQFDPH JUDGXDOO\)UHQFKEXWDERYHDOO$QJOR$PHULFDQFRQFHSWVDQGPHWKRGVVXFK as the New Cultural HistoryPHWKRGRORJLFDODSSURDFKHVRIJHQGHUKLVWRU\5DQG LQSDUWDOVRRIFXOWXUDOVWXGLHV%XWLQ*HUPDQ\ROGHUNH\SOD\HUVLQFXOWXUDO VWXGLHVLQWKHthDQGthFHQWXULHV .DUO/DPSUHFKW(EHUKDUG*RWKHLQ(UQVW &DVVLUHU0D[:HEHU ZHUHDOVRUHGLVFRYHUHGDQGXVHGLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI FXUUHQWFXOWXUDOVWXG\FRQFHSWV+RZHYHUWKHIRUEHDUV·LGHDVDQGFRQFHSWVKDYH EHHQ WUHDWHG PDLQO\ XS WR QRZ ZLWK D YLHZ WR WKHLU SRWHQWLDO IRU D KLVWRULFDO FXOWXUDOVFLHQFHDQGKDYHQRW\HWEHHQH[SORLWHGIRUHPSLULFDOUHVHDUFK6(YHQLI WKHZRUNVRIROGHU*HUPDQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\KDYHEHHQUHDGDJDLQLQWKHODVWIHZ \HDUVLWLVUDWKHUWKHZRUNVRI(XURSHDQDQG$PHULFDQKLVWRULDQVZKLFKKDYHLQ WKHPHDQWLPHDFTXLUHGWKHVWDWXVRIFODVVLFVWKDWKDYHJDLQHGDPRGHOFKDUDFWHU for German cultural historians.7 7KHSXEOLFDWLRQRIWKHUHVXOWVRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOZRUNVDIWHUWKHWXUQRI WKHPLOOHQQLXPERWKLQWKH*HUPDQVSHDNLQJDUHDDQGLQ(XURSHVXSSOLHGWKH EDVLVIRUÀUVWVXPPDULHVRIWKHGLVFXVVLRQRIPHWKRGVDQGWKHRU\LQWURGXFWLRQV WRD(XURSHDQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\DQGFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOV\QWKHVHVIRULQGLYLGXDO centuries.107KHVHSXEOLFDWLRQVSURYHWKDWFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVRQWKHZD\WRHVWDE-

On this cf. ROGGE, 2010. RAPHAEL DÜLMEN,TANNER,:,17(5/,1*2006. 0HWKRGRORJLFDOO\SDWKEUHDNLQJZDVSCOTT,6HHDOVROPITZ, 2005. 2QWKLVIRULQVWDQFHWKHZRUNVE\OEXLE,DQGOEXLE,  7KHVHDUHHJGINZBURG, DAVIS,DARNTON,BURKE, 2002. GREEN  76&+233:(%(5  POIRRIER,  TSCHOPP, 2005, ARCANGELI 2010.  /$1':(+5 672&.+2567, 2004, MAURER, 10 SALMI,

2 3 4    

12

Traditions, Topics and Trends in Cultural History in Europe—an Introduction

OLVKLQJLWVHOIDVDFRQFHSWLRQIRUUHVHDUFKLQWRWKHSDVWDORQJVLGHRWKHUPHWKRGV of access in historical science. +RZHYHUWKDWKDVQRWEHHQPDGHHDV\IRULW³HVSHFLDOO\QRWLQ*HUPDQ\ 7KHUHFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ZDVDQGLVQRWXQGLVSXWHG,WKDVEHHQFULWLFLVHGE\UHSUHVHQWDWLYHVRIKLVWRULFDOVFLHQWLÀFFRQFHSWLRQVIRUZKRPGLYHUVLW\ZDV DQGLV  D V\QRQ\P IRU DUELWUDULQHVV11$GPLWWHGO\ WKH DGYRFDWHV RI FXOWXUDO KLVWRULFDO DSSURDFKHVKDYHIRVWHUHGWKLVFULWLFLVPWRDFHUWDLQH[WHQWE\OHDYLQJRSHQZKDW H[DFWO\FXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVPHDQWWREHDQGLV12 Therefore the notions of what culWXUDOKLVWRU\LVPHDQWWREHZLWKUHJDUGWRPHWKRGRORJ\DQGFRQFHSWUDQJHIURP FXOWXUDOKLVWRU\DVDVHFWRUDOGLVFLSOLQHRIKLVWRULFDOVFLHQFHOLNHWHFKQRORJLFDO RUHFRQRPLFKLVWRU\WKURXJKWKHYLHZWKDWFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVDVSHFLÀFPHWKRG RIKLVWRULFDOVFLHQFHWRWKHSRVLWLRQWKDWKLVWRU\DVDZKROHVKRXOGEHFRQFHLYHG DVDKLVWRULFDOFXOWXUDOVFLHQFH$WDOOHYHQWVDQLQFUHDVLQJO\ZLGHO\KHOGFRQVHQVXVREMHFWVDQGWRSLFVZHUHWKXVLQWHQGHGWREHH[DPLQHGIURPDFXOWXUDO KLVWRULFDOSRLQWRIYLHZWRRZKLFK³OLNHSROLWLFVDQGODZ³ZKLFKSUHYLRXVO\ OD\RXWVLGHWKHIRFXVRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRULDQV7RSLFVRQZKLFKWKHWUDGLWLRQDOIRUP RIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\KDGH[SOLFLWO\WXUQHGLWVEDFN13 %XWRQHRIWKHGLVWLQJXLVKLQJIHDWXUHVRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVDWDOOHYHQWVLWV FODLPWRUHÁHFWLWVRZQDFWLYLW\³WKHUHVHDUFKFRQFHSWVWRSLFVDQGÀHOGV%HFDXVH WKH UHVXOW QRW RQO\ RI FXOWXUDO KLVWRULFDO UHVHDUFK LV XOWLPDWHO\ D FRQVWUXFWLRQ E\ KLVWRULDQV ZKR DUH LQÁXHQFHG E\ WKHLU UHVSHFWLYH FXUUHQW VRFLDO DQGFXOWXUDOFLUFXPVWDQFHV7KLVYLHZLV³VRDWDQ\UDWHWKHFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDO FUHGR³WKH SUHUHTXLVLWHIRUWKHIDFWWKDWWKHUHVHDUFKUHVXOWVDUHEDVHGRQDVFLHQWLÀFUDWLRQDOJDLQRINQRZOHGJH147KLVSURFHVVRIVHOIUHÁHFWLRQLVDQLQWHJUDO SDUWRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOZRUNDQGWKHUHIRUHLWLVLPSRUWDQWWKDWWKLVUHÁHFWLRQ EHPDGHWKHREMHFWRIFRQVLGHUDWLRQ7KHGLVFXVVLRQDERXWWKHREMHFWVDQGÀHOGV RIZRUNDVZHOODVDERXWPHWKRGRORJLFDODFFHVVDQGRSHUDWLRQDOLVDWLRQLVWREH FRQWLQXHGMXVWDVTXHVWLRQVPXVWEHDVNHGDERXWWKHDFKLHYHPHQWVRIFXOWXUDO KLVWRU\DQGLWVFDSDELOLW\LQFRPSDULVRQZLWKRWKHUFRQFHSWV7KLVDSSOLHVgrosso 11 3HUKDSVWKHPRVWSURPLQHQW*HUPDQFULWLFLV+DQV8OULFK:HKOHUVHHHJKLVUHYLHZ RI 8WH 'DQLHO·V Kompendium Kulturgeschichte, :(+/(5, 2003, cf. KOCKA, )RUWKHGHIHQGDQWV·DUJXPHQWVVHHHJMEDICK, 2001. 12 DANIELMAURER 13 $WWKHFHQWUHRIWKLVSHUVSHFWLYHDUHDERYHDOOSURFHVVHVRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQE\ZKLFK VRFLDOSROLWLFDODQGOHJDOLQVWLWXWLRQVDUHÀUVWFUHDWHGVHHIRULQVWDQFHSTOLLBERGR ILINGER.$VXUYH\RIWKHKLVWRU\RIFXOWXUDOKLVWRULRJUDSK\E\WKHFROOHFWLRQ RIHVVD\VFRPSLOHGDQGFRPPHQWHGE\TSCHOPP 14 TSCHOPPSDQGDANIEL, 2006. 13

Jörg Rogge

modoIRUDOO(XURSHDQFRXQWULHVLQZKLFKFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVSXUVXHGDQGZKHUH LWLVPRUHRUOHVVLQVWDOOHGDWXQLYHUVLWLHVDQGUHVHDUFKLQVWLWXWLRQV )RUWKLVUHDVRQ,DVNHGFROOHDJXHVIURPWZHOYH(XURSHDQFRXQWULHVWRVNHWFK RXW WKH UHVSHFWLYH FXUUHQW EDVLF FRQGLWLRQV³VFLHQWLÀFSROLWLFDO DQG VRFLDO DVVHVVPHQWRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\³RUDOVRWKHKLVWRULFDOGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHVHEDVLF FRQGLWLRQV IRU FXOWXUDO KLVWRULFDO UHVHDUFK LQ WKHLU FRXQWULHV 7KH FRQWULEXWRUV JLYHLQSDUWIURPYHU\SHUVRQDOSHUVSHFWLYHVDQGRQWKHEDVLVRIWKHLUH[SHULHQFH ZLWKWKHVXEMHFWRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQWKHLUFRXQWULHVDQGLQ(XURSHDVDZKROH DQDVVHVVPHQWRILQVWLWXWLRQVWRSLFVDQGSHUVSHFWLYHVRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\,QDGGLWLRQWKH\RXWOLQHWKHLUDVVHVVPHQWVRIWKHIXUWKHUGHYHORSPHQWRIWRSLFVDQG À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th FHQWXU\ (ULNVHQ HPSKDVLVHG WKDW WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI HWKQRORJ\DQGIRONORUHLQWKHVHFRXQWULHVZDVFORVHO\FRQQHFWHGZLWKWKHSURFHVVRI PRGHUQLVDWLRQDQGQDWLRQEXLOGLQJLQ6FDQGLQDYLD,QWKHFRXQWULHVVWXGLHGE\KHU FXOWXUDOKLVWRU\GHYHORSHGLQWKHUHFHQWSDVWRXWRIWKHGLVFLSOLQHV(XURSHDQHWKQRORJ\DQGIRONORUHZKLFKDFFRUGLQJWR(ULNVHQFDQEHGHVFULEHGDVDspecial way in (XURSHDQFRPSDULVRQ6KHLOOXVWUDWHVWKLVE\WKHH[DPSOHRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI2VOR ZKHUHLQERWKGLVFLSOLQHVZHUHFRPELQHGLQWRWKHVXEMHFWCultural History. 6KHGHVFULEHVWKHUHODWLRQVKLSWRFXOWXUDOVWXGLHVDVEHLQJUHOD[HGDQGSURGXFWLYH 7KHUHLVQRVWULFWGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQEHWZHHQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\DQGFXOWXUDOVWXGLHVDV WKH\GHYHORSHGIURPWKHVDPHGLVFLSOLQHVDQGWKXVKDYHDFRPPRQKLVWRU\ HANNU SALMIVNHWFKHVRXWRQWKHRQHKDQGWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIFXOWXUDO KLVWRU\LQ)LQODQGVLQFHWKHHQGRIWKHthFHQWXU\GHDOLQJRQWKHRWKHUKDQG ZLWK LWV LQWHJUDWLRQ LQWR UHVHDUFK LQVWLWXWLRQV )LUVW RI DOO DQ ,QVWLWXWH IRU &XOWXUDO+LVWRU\ZDVIRXQGHGDWWKH6ZHGLVKVSHDNLQJcER$NDGHPLLQ7XUNXLQ 7KHUHVHDUFKFRQGXFWHGWKHUHZDVKRZHYHUIRUWKHPRVWSDUWLJQRUHGE\ )LQQLVKVSHDNLQJFXOWXUDOKLVWRULDQV2QWKHRWKHUKDQGDWWKH)LQQLVKVSHDNLQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ IRXQGHG LQ 7XUNX LQ  LW WRRN XQWLO  EHIRUH FXOWXUDO KLVWRU\EHFDPHLQVWLWXWLRQDOLVHGDVDGLVFLSOLQHLQWKHIRUPRIWKHDepartment for Cultural History7RGD\ WKH GHSDUWPHQW LV DPRQJ WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW XQLYHUVLW\LQVWLWXWLRQVLQWKHFRXQWU\ZRUNLQJRQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ERWKLQWHDFKLQJDQG UHVHDUFKZLWKDQLQÁXHQFHDOVRLQ6FDQGLQDYLD6DOPLVHHVLQVHPLRWLFVVWUXF14

Traditions, Topics and Trends in Cultural History in Europe—an Introduction

WXUDOLVPDQG%ULWLVK&XOWXUDO6WXGLHVLPSRUWDQWVWLPXOLIRUWKHPHWKRGRORJLFDO WKHRUHWLFDOGHYHORSPHQWRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQSUHVHQWGD\)LQODQG LUDMILLA JORDANOVA HPSKDVLVHV WKH LQVWLWXWLRQDOO\ SUREOHPDWLFDO VLWXDWLRQ RI FXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ LQ (QJODQG$OWKRXJK WKHUH DUH FHUWDLQO\ KLVWRULDQV ZRUNLQJRQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQ(QJODQG³VXFKDVHJ3HWHU%XUNH³FXOWXUDOKLVWRU\DVDVXEMHFWLVQRWYHU\SUHVHQWLQWHDFKLQJDQGUHVHDUFKLQVWLWXWLRQVKDUGO\ LQVWLWXWLRQDOLVHGDQGRUJDQLVHGWKHUHLQGHSDUWPHQWVRILWVRZQ2QHUHDVRQIRUWKLV LVWKDWXQWLOWKHVLQUHVHDUFKSUDFWLFHVRFLDODQGFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ZHUHGHDOW ZLWKWRJHWKHUHQMR\LQJLQSULQFLSOHHTXDOULJKWV8QGHUWKHLQÁXHQFHRIKLVWRULFDO DQWKURSRORJ\DVZHOODVFXOWXUDOVRFLRORJ\DQGLQFUHDVLQJO\DOVRWKH:DUEXUJ,QVWLWXWHDQHZO\FRQFHLYHGFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\WKHQGLYHUJHGIURPVRFLDOKLVWRU\RIWKH FODVVLFDONLQG$FFRUGLQJWR-RUGDQRYDWKLVQHZFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\GLIIHUVIURPROGHU VRFLDOKLVWRU\WKURXJKLWVLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULW\DQGIURPFXOWXUDOVWXGLHVWKURXJKLWV PRUHSURQRXQFHGO\WKHRUHWLFDOSRO\PRUSKRXVÁH[LEOHDQGRSHQDSSURDFK NICK FISHERUHSRUWVRQKLVSHUVRQDOH[SHULHQFHVZLWKWKHLQVWLWXWLRQDOLVDWLRQRIWKHVXEMHFWDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$EHUGHHQ+HDQGKLVFROOHDJXHVKDG XQGHUVWRRGFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\DVDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRIUHHWKHPVHOYHVIURPWKHFRQYHQWLRQDOERXQGDULHVRIGLVFLSOLQHV,WZDVDOVRDUHDFWLRQWRWKHÀUVWÀQDQFLDO FXWVLQWKHPLGVDQGDQDWWHPSWWRPDNHWKHORFDWLRQ$EHUGHHQDWWUDFWLYH IRUVWXGHQWV6LQFHWKHFRXUVHRIVWXGLHVUHFRUGHGDFRQWLQXRXVULVHLQWKH QXPEHUVRIVWXGHQWV)LVKHUVKRZVKRZGHVSLWHRURQDFFRXQWRILWVVXFFHVVHV FXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ ZDV FULWLFLVHG ERWK E\ WKH DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ DQG ZLWKLQ LWV RZQ XQLYHUVLW\RQDFFRXQWRILWVFRQWHQWV$QH[DPSOHRIWKHGLIÀ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³DSDUW ¸ IURP WKH$FDGHP\ RI &XOWXUH IRXQGHG LQ ³DQG KDV WKHUHIRUH RQO\ SRRU SRVVLELOLWLHV IRU GHYHORSLQJ 0Ă57,1ä 0,17$856 DWWULEXWHV WKLV ÀQGLQJ DERYHDOOWR6RYLHWUXOHXQGHUZKLFK/DWYLDQKLVWRULRJUDSK\ZDVLGHRORJLFDOO\ FRQWUROOHGDQGWRDODUJHH[WHQWLVRODWHGIURPH[WHUQDOLQÁXHQFHV$OWKRXJKWKHVH UHVWULFWLRQV QR ORQJHU DSSOLHG DIWHU  DQG DFFHVV WR QHZ PHWKRGV DQG DSSURDFKHVKDVEHHQHDVLO\SRVVLEOHVLQFHWKHQSROLWLFDOKLVWRU\GRPLQDWHV/DWYLDQ KLVWRULRJUDSK\ 7KDW LV D UHÁH[ RI WKH QHZ SROLWLFDO LQGHSHQGHQFH +RZHYHU VLQFH WKH PLGV VRPH ZRUNV RI WKH )UHQFK Annales JHQGHU KLVWRU\ DQG 15

Jörg Rogge

VRFLDODQWKURSRORJ\KDYHEHHQWUDQVODWHGLQWR/DWYLDQ0LQWDXUVVHHVWKHUHRUJDQLVDWLRQRIUHVHDUFKDQGWHDFKLQJLQ/DWYLDDVVWLOOQRW\HWFRPSOHWHDQGHPSKDVLVHVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIH[FKDQJHSURJUDPPHVZLWKZKLFKWKHODWHVWPHWKRGV DQGWKHRULHVRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\FRXOGEHLPSRUWHGLQWR/DWYLDQUHVHDUFKLQVWLWXWLRQVDQGXQLYHUVLWLHV ,*25.Ć.2/(:6.,FRQFHUQVKLPVHOIDERYHDOOZLWKWKH,QVWLWXWHIRUWKH +LVWRU\ RI 0DWHULDO &XOWXUH RI WKH 3ROLVK$FDGHP\ RI 6FLHQFHV ,+0& 3$1  IRXQGHGLQEHFDXVHGLIIHUHQWYDULHWLHVRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ZHUHLQVWLWXWLRQDOLVHGWKHUH$IWHUWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI&RPPXQLVWUXOHWKHPHWKRGRORJLFDO UHFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGFHQWUDOLVDWLRQRIWKHVFLHQFHVWRRNSODFH7KHFHQWUDOLVVXHIRU UHVHDUFKZRUNDIWHUZDVPDWHULDOFXOWXUHDQGDERYHDOOWKHPHDQVDQGWHFKQLTXHVRISURGXFWLRQZKLFKEHFDPHWKHVWDUWLQJSRLQWIRUUHVHDUFKLQWRFXOWXUH DVDZKROH³DERYHDOORIWKH0LGGOH$JHVDQGWKHHDUO\0RGHUQ3HULRG15 The UHVHDUFKSURJUDPPHZDVGHYHORSHGIXUWKHUXQWLOWKHVWKHWRSLFVDQGÀHOGV RIZRUNZHUHHYHU\GD\OLIHFRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGWUDYHOV7KHVHZRUNVKDGWKHLU PHWKRGRORJLFDOIRXQGDWLRQDERYHDOOLQWKH)UHQFKAnnalesVFKRROWKDWLQDGGLWLRQ was the window on the worldIRU3ROLVKKLVWRULRJUDSK\XQWLOWKHHQGRIWKHV ,QWKHVDQGVDJHQHUDORSHQLQJWRZDUGVLQWHUQDWLRQDODSSURDFKHVWR FXOWXUDOKLVWRU\WRRNSODFHLQ3RODQGDERYHDOORXWVLGHRIWKH,+0&,QWKH ,+0&ZDVUHQDPHGWKH,QVWLWXWHRI$UFKDHRORJ\DQG(WKQRORJ\$WSUHVHQWERWK WKHRUHWLFDOPHWKRGRORJLFDOWRSLFVDUHGHDOWZLWKDQGHPSLULFDOUHVHDUFKLVFRQGXFWHGRQFRQFUHWHTXHVWLRQV,QWKHFXUUHQWGHEDWHRQPHWKRGV³XQGHUGLIIHUHQW FRQGLWLRQVIURPWKRVHLQWKHVDQGV³WKHTXHVWLRQRIWKHLPSRUWDQFHRI PDWHULDODUWHIDFWVIRUWKHZRUOGSHRSOHOLYHGLQSOD\VDJUHDWUROHDQGOLQNHGZLWK WKDWWKHTXHVWLRQKRZDPHWKRGRORJLFDODFFHVVWRWKDWFDQEHGHYHORSHG ,Q+XQJDU\DIWHUWKH)LUVW:RUOG:DUDFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ZDVZULWWHQXQGHUQDWLRQDODXVSLFHV$FFRUGLQJWR$1'5($3(7łWKHWHQGHQF\RIKLVWRULFDOVFLHQFH EHIRUHWKH6HFRQG:RUOG:DUZDVEHVWGHVFULEHGE\&RRSHU·VVWDWHPHQW´HPSLUHV SURGXFHGDVWURQJHPSLUHFHQWUHGLPDJLQDWLRQµ16,QWKHLQWHUZDUSHULRGLQ+XQJDU\DWUHQGRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\GRPLQDWHGLQ+XQJDU\ZLWKWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI &XOWXUDO+LVWRU\DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI%XGDSHVWWKDWKDGEHHQHVWDEOLVKHGLQ DVLWVFHQWUHLQZKLFKFXOWXUHZDVFORVHO\OLQNHGZLWKQDWLRQ7KHREMHFWLYHZDV WRDWOHDVWHPSKDVLVHLWVRZQFXOWXUDOVXSHULRULW\DIWHU+XQJDU\KDGORVWSROLWLFDO GRPLQDQFHLQWKH&DUSDWKLDQUHJLRQDIWHU17$IWHUKLVWRULFDOPDWHULDOLVPZLWKLWVXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIFXOWXUHDVDVXSHUVWUXFWXUHSKHQRPHQRQRIWKH 15 . Ć.2/(:6., in this volume, p. 132. 16 COOPER,SKHUHIURP3(7ł, in this volume, p. 144. 17 3(7ł, in this volume, p. 147. 16

Traditions, Topics and Trends in Cultural History in Europe—an Introduction

PDWHULDOEDVLVGLGLWLVWUXHGRPLQDWHEXWLQWKHVDVLQ3RODQGWKHAnnales ZLWKWKHLUFRQFHSWRIFXOWXUHDVDXQLW\JDLQHGLQÁXHQFH,QDGGLWLRQWKHFRQFHSWV RIROGHU*HUPDQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ZHUHDGRSWHGXQWLOÀQDOO\LQWKHPLGV D JHQHUDO RSHQLQJ IRU IXUWKHU ZHVWHUQ KLVWRULFDO VFLHQWLÀF FRQFHSWV WRRN SODFH 3HWŃVWDWHVWKDWDIWHUDFRQFHSWLRQDODQGPHWKRGRORJLFDOPRGHUQLVDWLRQRI +XQJDULDQKLVWRULFDOVFLHQFHIDLOHGWRPDWHULDOLVHIRUWKHPRVWSDUW,QWHUHVWLQJO\ HQRXJKHYHQKLVWRULDQVRIWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQKDYHKDUGO\FRQFHUQHGWKHPVHOYHV ZLWK FXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH LQVWLWXWLRQDOLVDWLRQ RI FXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ LQ +XQJDU\KDVEHHQJUHDWO\KLQGHUHGE\ÀQDQFLDOERWWOHQHFNVDWWKHVWDWHXQLYHUVLWLHV DQG WKH %RORJQD SURFHVV EHFDXVH LQ HGXFDWLRQ WKH FODVVLFDO ÀHOGV VXFK DV SROLWLFDO HFRQRPLF DQG VRFLDO KLVWRU\ GRPLQDWH 7KHUHIRUH LQ +XQJDU\ WKH SULYDWHO\ÀQDQFHG&HQWUDO(XURSHDQ8QLYHUVLW\LQ%XGDSHVWZLWKLWVGHFLGHGO\ FXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDORULHQWDWLRQLVWKHJUHDWH[FHSWLRQ CHRISTOF DEJUNGHPSKDVLVHVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKH´6ZLVVFOLFKpµDQG PXOWLOLQJXDOLVPIRUFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQ6ZLW]HUODQG7KHPDLQÀ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·VDQG5RJHU&KDUWLHU·VUHÁHFWLRQV RIZKDWKDGFKDUDFWHULVHGNew Cultural HistoryVLQFHWKHV7KHQVKHH[SODLQV FXOWXUDO KLVWRULFDO DQG LQ D ZLGHU VHQVH FXOWXUDO VWXGLHV UHVHDUFK DFWLYLWLHV DQG RSSRUWXQLWLHV LQ$XVWULD WDNLQJ WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 9LHQQD LQ SDUWLFXODU LQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQ/XWWHUREVHUYHGWKDWFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOUHVHDUFKLQ$XVWULDLQ FRPSDULVRQZLWKRWKHU(XURSHDQFRXQWULHVZLWKWKHH[FHSWLRQRI*HUPDQ\KDV DVWURQJSUHVHQFHDWXQLYHUVLWLHVEXWSDUWLFXODUO\DOVRDWQRQXQLYHUVLW\UHVHDUFK institutionsDQGQHWZRUNV2QHLPSRUWDQWUHDVRQIRUWKLVZDVWKHyounger generation’sLQFUHDVHGLQWHUHVWLQLQWHUQDWLRQDOWKHRUHWLFDOO\LQIRUPHGDQGLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\FXOWXUDOVWXGLHVUHVHDUFKSDUWLFXODUO\ZLWKUHIHUHQFHWRWKHSROLWLFDOFXOWXUDO  3(7łLQWKLVYROXPHS  $PRQJWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOO\ZHOONQRZQLQVWLWXWLRQVLVWKH,).LQ9LHQQD$GPLWWHGO\ LWVVFRSHIRUDFWLRQLVMHRSDUGLVHGRQDFFRXQWRIWKHFXUUHQWLQWHUYHQWLRQVLQH[WUD XQLYHUVLW\UHVHDUFKLQVWLWXWLRQVE\WKH$XVWULDQJRYHUQPHQW 17

Jörg Rogge

FRQFHSWRI%ULWLVKFXOWXUDOVWXGLHV7KHDEXQGDQFHRIH[LVWLQJUHVHDUFKDFWLYLWLHV DQG UHVXOWV SDUWLFXODUO\ DW WKH micro level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QVWHU%HUOLQ.RQVWDQ]DQG0DLQ]  2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKLVÀQGLQJVKRXOGQRWREVFXUHWKHIDFWWKDWFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ LVEHLQJFRQGXFWHGXSWRQRZÀUVWDQGIRUHPRVWLQSURMHFWVDQGLQVWLWXWLRQVIRU OLPLWHGSHULRGVRIWLPH:LWKUHJDUGWRWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRINew Cultural History/DQGZHKUUHFDOOHGWKDWLQWKHVLWZDVIHOWE\WKHUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVRI VRFLDODQGSROLWLFDOKLVWRU\WREHDSURYRFDWLRQLIQRWLQGHHGDWKUHDWWRWKHKLVWRU\HVWDEOLVKHGDWWKHXQLYHUVLWLHV,QWKHPHDQWLPHKRZHYHUFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQ *HUPDQ\LVUHJDUGHGDVDUHFRJQLVHGPHWKRGRIDSSURDFKLQJWKHSDVW$FFRUGLQJ WR/DQGZHKUWKH1HZ&XOWXUDO+LVWRU\VHHVLWVHOIPRUHDVDPHWKRGRUDVSHFLÀF SHUVSHFWLYHDQGLVOHVVÀ[HGRQFHUWDLQWRSLFVRUÀHOGVRIUHVHDUFK'HVSLWHWKHVH FRPSDUDWLYHO\JRRGLQVWLWXWLRQDOFRQGLWLRQVLWLVKRZHYHUDOVRWUXHWKDWLQIDFW WKLVMXVWPDUNVWKHEHJLQQLQJRILQWHQVLYHZRUNLQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ ,Q6SDLQWRRFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVLQJUHDWGHPDQGDWSUHVHQW$VLQ*HUPDQ\ WKHUHWRRFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ZDVDWÀUVWFRQGXFWHGE\KLVWRULDQVVSHFLDOLVLQJLQWKH 0LGGOH$JHVDQG(DUO\0RGHUQ3HULRGCAROLINA RODRÍGUEZ-LÓPEZH[SODLQHG WKLVE\6SDLQ·VLPSHULDOSRVLWLRQLQWKH(DUO\0RGHUQ3HULRGRQWKHRQHKDQG DQG WKH LQVWUXPHQWDOLVDWLRQ RI WKLV brilliant epoch LQ 6SDQLVK KLVWRU\ GXULQJ )UDQFR·VUXOHXQWLORQWKHRWKHU+RZHYHUWKHFRQFHSWLRQDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIDPRGHUQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\XVLQJWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOGLVFXVVLRQRQO\EHFDPH SRVVLEOHLQWKHSRVW)UDQFRHUD6LQFHWKHUHKDYHEHHQUHVHDUFKJURXSVLQVWLWXWLRQVDQGDFDGHPLFSURJUDPPHVGHDOLQJLQSDUWLFXODUZLWK6SDQLVKFXOWXUDO KLVWRU\7KHVWDUWLQJSRLQWIRUFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQ6SDLQZDVDERYHDOOWKHVRFLDO KLVWRU\RIWKHODERXUDQGWUDGHXQLRQPRYHPHQW$IXUWKHULPSRUWDQWLQÁXHQFH IRUWKHFRQFHSWLRQRIPRGHUQ6SDQLVKFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ZDVWKHKLVWRU\RILGHDV DQGUHVHDUFKLQWRWKHLPSRUWDQFHRI6SDQLVKLQWHOOHFWXDOVZKRKDGDOVRIRXJKW SROLWLFDOO\DJDLQVW)UDQFRDQGWKHDXWKRULWDULDQUHJLPH ALESSANDRO ARCANGELIVWDWHVWKDWFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVQRWHVWDEOLVKHG DW ,WDOLDQ XQLYHUVLWLHV ,Q KLV HVWLPDWLRQ WKLV LV EHFDXVH FXOWXUDO KLVWRULFDO DSSURDFKHVDSSHDUÀUVWDQGIRUHPRVWDVimportsIURP)UDQFHDQG%ULWDLQLQ,WDO\ DQG RQH FRQWHQWV RQHVHOI ZLWK WKHLU UHFHSWLRQ ,Q DGGLWLRQ FXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ LV 18

Traditions, Topics and Trends in Cultural History in Europe—an Introduction

VHOGRPVWXGLHGDVDPDLQVXEMHFWDWXQLYHUVLWLHV7KHUHIRUHLWLVGLIÀFXOWWRGHYHORSRQH·VRZQDSSURDFKHVRULQGHHGWRLPSOHPHQWWKHPLQWKH,WDOLDQXQLYHUVLW\V\VWHP&XUUHQWO\KLVWRULDQVVWLOOUHIHUIRUWKHPRVWSDUWWRWKHDSSURDFKHV HPERGLHG LQ WUDGLWLRQDO ,WDOLDQ KLVWRULFDO VFLHQFH DSSURDFKHV 2Q WKLV EDVLV VSHFLDOUHVHDUFK ZRUNV HJ RQ WKH KLVWRU\ RI WKH ERRN QXWULWLRQRU HYHQ WKH JHQGHUVKDYHEHHQSURGXFHGZKLFKDUHKRZHYHUVHOGRPXQGHUVWRRGDVEHLQJ LQDJUHDWHUFRQWH[W$UFDQJHOLREVHUYHVWKDWFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVEHLQJFRQGXFWHG QRZDQGWKHQZLWKRXWEHLQJGHVLJQDWHGRUUHÁHFWHGDVVXFK%XWSUHFLVHO\WKH ODFNRIUHÁHFWLRQKLQGHUVWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIDWKHRUHWLFDOO\DQGPHWKRGRORJLFDOO\ VRXQG LQGHSHQGHQW FXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ VXFK DV IRU H[DPSOH LQ *HUPDQ\ 7KHPDLQIRFXVRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOO\RULHQWHGUHVHDUFKLQ,WDO\LVWREHIRXQGDW SUHVHQWLQ3LVD%RORJQDDQG9HQLFHZLWKFKURQRORJLFDOHPSKDVLVRQWKH0RGHUQ3HULRGDQGHDUO\0RGHUQ3HULRG 2Q WKH EDVLV RI WKHVH REVHUYDWLRQV DQG GHVFULSWLRQV LQÁ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³HYHQLIQRW FRPSOHWH³SLFWXUHRIWKHFXUUHQWVLWXDWLRQRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQ(XURSHUHVXOWV DQGWRSLFVDQGSHUVSHFWLYHVIRUWKHIXWXUHRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\EHFRPHDSSDUHQW

Cultural studies traditions and influences 7KHUHLVDWUHQGWRZDUGVVHYHUDOLPSRUWDQWOLQHVRIWUDGLWLRQWREHUHFRJQLVHG ZKLFKKDYHFRQVLGHUDEO\LQÁXHQFHGFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOUHVHDUFKLQ(XURSHLQWKH SDVWWR\HDUV7KHPRVWLPSRUWDQWWUDGLWLRQVDQGLQÁXHQFHVPHQWLRQHGLQ WKHSDSHUVDUHVXPPDULVHGEULHÁ\KHUHEHORZ7KHUHLVDVWUDQGRIWUDGLWLRQLQ (XURSHDQ FXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ WKDW KDV LWV PHWKRGRORJLFDO DQG WKHRUHWLFDO URRWV LQ LQWHOOHFWXDOKLVWRU\DQGWKHKLVWRU\RILGHDVDVZHOODVWKHROGHU*HUPDQFXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ RI WKH th FHQWXU\ VXFK DV LQ$XVWULD *HUPDQ\ ,WDO\ 6SDLQ DQG WKH %DOWLFFRXQWULHV7KH)UHQFKAnnales HVWDEOLVKDVHFRQGOLQHRIWUDGLWLRQ7KHLU UHSUHVHQWDWLYHVDQGFRQFHSWVGLGQRWRQO\KDYHFRQVLGHUDEOHLQÁXHQFHLQ:HVW19

Jörg Rogge

HUQ (XURSH EXW DOVR VXSSOLHG FRQFHSWLRQDO DQG WKHRUHWLFDO LQSXW WR KLVWRULFDO VFLHQFHLQ3RODQGDQG+XQJDU\GXULQJFRPPXQLVWUXOH :LWKUHJDUGWR6ZLW]HUODQGLWKDVWREHDGGHGWKDWVLQFHWKHODWHthFHQWXU\ WKHGHYHORSPHQWRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ZDVVKDSHGE\WKUHHDSSURDFKHV20 On the one KDQG-DFRE%XUFNKDUGW·VFRQFHSWLQZKLFKDUWDQGUHOLJLRQDUHHPSKDVLVHGDV WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWDVSHFWVRIFXOWXUHLQZKLFKWKHVLQJXODULW\RIDKLVWRULFDOHSRFK HJWKH5HQDLVVDQFH LVUHÁHFWHG%XUFNKDUGWLVLWLVWUXHVWLOOLQYRNHGWRGD\ DVDQLPSRUWDQWUHIHUHQFHIRUFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\EXWKLVDSSURDFKLVKDUGO\SUHVHQW DQ\PRUHLQFXUUHQW(XURSHDQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\6HFRQGO\LQ)ULERXUJDFDGHPLFV KDYHWULHGWRVKRZWKHFXOWXUDOELQGLQJIRUFHRI&DWKROLFLVPLQRUGHUWREHDEOHWR XVHLWSROLWLFDOO\DVDQLPSRUWDQWPHDQVIRUVHFXULQJIHGHUDOLVPLQWKHPRGHUQQDWLRQDOVWDWH+RZHYHUWKHUHFRJQLVDEO\JUHDWHVWLQÁXHQFHRQFXUUHQWFRQFHSWVRI FXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQ6ZLW]HUODQGKDVHPDQDWHGIURPWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI=XULFKZKHUH FXOWXUDODQWKURSRORJ\DQGHWKQRORJ\ZHUHHVWDEOLVKHGLQVWLWXWLRQDOO\7KHVHVXEMHFWV ZHUH LQWHUHVWHG DERYH DOO LQ WKH HYHU\GD\ FXOWXUH RI RUGLQDU\ SHRSOH ,Q (QJODQGDVRFLDOKLVWRU\KDGDJUHDWLQÁXHQFHRQKLVWRULFDOVFLHQWLÀFFRQFHSWV WKDWZDVPRUHSURIRXQGO\LQÁXHQFHGE\DQWKURSRORJ\WKDQE\VRFLRORJ\RURWKHU social sciences.21$VRFLDOKLVWRU\GRPLQDWHGZKLFKLQFRQWUDVWIRULQVWDQFHWR WKDWLQ*HUPDQ\ZDVOHVVJUHDWO\LQWHUHVWHGLQHFRQRPLFDQGVRFLDOVWUXFWXUHVDV WKHLPSXOVHIRUKLVWRULFDOGHYHORSPHQWV3HRSOH·VQRWLRQVDQGFRQYLFWLRQVLQWHUHVWHG%ULWLVKVRFLDOKLVWRULDQVZKRZLWKUHFRXUVHWRFRQFHSWVRIVRFLDORUFXOWXUDO DQWKURSRORJ\H[DPLQHGIRUH[DPSOHV\VWHPVRIEHOLHIDVFXOWXUDOV\VWHPVZLWK WKHLURZQLQWHJULW\2QDFFRXQWRIWKHUHFHSWLRQRIDQWKURSRORJLFDODSSURDFKHV E\%ULWLVKVRFLDOKLVWRULDQVLQUHVHDUFKSUDFWLFHWKHOLPLWVWRWRSLFVDQGÀHOGVRI ZRUNZKLFKDUHUHJDUGHGDVDFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDODOWHUQDWLYHWRVRFLDODQGSROLWLFDO KLVWRU\LQRWKHUFRXQWULHVKDYHEHHQRSHQ7KXVWKHUHZDVQRQHHG³XQOLNHIRU LQVWDQFH LQ WKH *HUPDQVSHDNLQJ DFDGHPLF DUHD³WR GUDIW DQG LQVWLWXWLRQDOLVH DFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\VHSDUDWHIURPVRFLDOKLVWRU\7KHFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\SUDFWLVHGLQ %ULWDLQVKRZVSRLQWVLQFRPPRQZLWK1RUZD\DQG6ZHGHQZLWKUHJDUGWRWKH FHQWUDO LPSRUWDQFH RI IDPLO\ DQG JHQGHU KLVWRU\ DV ZHOO DV WKH Post Colonial Studies%HFDXVHWKH(PSLUHZDV RULV" RIRXWVWDQGLQJLPSRUWDQFHLQ%ULWDLQIRU KHUQDWLRQDOLGHQWLW\2QO\UHFHQWO\KDYH)UHQFKFRQFHSWVVXFKDVWKHKLVWRU\RI PHQWDOLW\RUGLVFRXUVHEHHQUHFHLYHGZLWKRXWKRZHYHUWKHDSSURDFKHVHJRI 5RJHU&KDUWLHURU3KLOLSSH$ULqVEHLQJGLUHFWO\FRQWLQXHG22 20 DEJUNGLQWKLVYROXPHS 21 JORDANOVA, in this volume, p. 66. 22 JORDANOVA, LQ WKLV YROXPH S  ´>«@DSDUW IURP )UDQFH WKH FXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDO PHWKRGVDQGDSSURDFKHVRI(XURSHDQFRXQWULHVDUHUDWKHUOLWWOHNQRZQLQWKH8.µ 20

Traditions, Topics and Trends in Cultural History in Europe—an Introduction

7KHWKLUGJUHDWOLQHRIWUDGLWLRQWREHQDPHGIRUWKHFRQFHSWLRQRIFXUUHQW FXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOWUHQGVDUH³DVDOUHDG\PHQWLRQHGIRU6ZLW]HUODQG³IRONORUH DQGHWKQRORJ\)RUPXODWLRQVRITXHVWLRQVDQGPHWKRGVIURPWKHVHGLVFLSOLQHV KDYHKDGDSRZHUIXOHIIHFWQRWMXVWLQ6ZLW]HUODQGEXWDOVRIRUWKHFRQFHSWLRQ DQG UHVHDUFK SUDFWLFH RI FXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ LQ 6FDQGLQDYLD DQG )LQODQG 7KLV LV VKRZQE\WKHIDFWWKDWDPDLQIRFXVRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOUHVHDUFKLVWKHSHRSOH·V PDWHULDOFXOWXUHDQGHYHU\GD\OLIH

Political significance and function of cultural history in the 19 th and 20 th centuries &XOWXUDOKLVWRU\KDGWKHIXQFWLRQRIHODERUDWLQJWKHFXOWXUDOEDVHVRIWKHZD\QDWLRQVVHHWKHPVHOYHVLQPDQ\FRXQWULHVLQWKHthFHQWXU\DQGXQWLOWKHPLGGOH of the 20thFHQWXU\$VVKRZQE\WKHFRQWULEXWLRQVLQWKLVYROXPHWKDWLVWUXHIRU )LQODQGDQG6FDQGLQDYLDEXWDOVRIRUWKH%DOWLFVWDWHVDQG&HQWUDO(DVW(XURSHDQFRXQWULHVGXULQJWKHLQWHUZDUSHULRGDQGDIWHU,Q)LQODQG EHFDPHSDUWRIWKH5XVVLDQ(PSLUHDQGLQWKHIROORZLQJGHFDGHVWKHFDOOIRU SROLWLFDOLQGHSHQGHQFHZDVVXEVWDQWLDWHGE\WKHUHIHUHQFHWRWKH)LQQV·FXOWXUDO LQGHSHQGHQFH7KHLURZQODQJXDJHOLWHUDWXUHDQGFXOWXUHZHUHLQYRNHGZKHUHE\ *HUPDQLQÁXHQFH -RKDQQ*RWWIULHG+HUGHU ZDVRIFRQVLGHUDEOHLPSRUWDQFH (YHQDIWHU)LQODQGKDGEHFRPHDQLQGHSHQGHQWVWDWHLQWKH)LQQVGHÀQHG WKHPVHOYHVDVDQDWLRQPRUHWKURXJKWKHLUKLVWRU\DQGFXOWXUHWKDQWKURXJKVWDWHKRRG23,Q1RUZD\6ZHGHQDQG'HQPDUNWKHIRONFXOWXUHEHFDPHSDUWRIWKH compensation process in the transformation of monarchies into national states LQWKHthFHQWXU\,Q1RUZD\WKHVSHFLÀFIRONFXOWXUHZDVDOHJLWLPDWLRQIDFWRU for the national state.24,WZDVVWDWHGWKDWWKHODQJXDJHFXVWRPVDQGPHQWDOLW\ KDGEHFRPHFOHDUO\GLVWLQFWIURPWKRVHLQ'HQPDUNRU6ZHGHQDQGKDGH[LVWHG VLQFHWKH0LGGOH$JHVHYHQLQWLPHVZKHQWKHUHZDVQR1RUZHJLDQVWDWH7KLV ZDVVXEVWDQWLDWHGE\PHDQVRIIDLU\WDOHVSRHWU\EXWDOVRWKHPDWHULDOFXOWXUHRI RUGLQDU\SHRSOH2QHUHVXOWRIWKLVZRUNZDVWKHYROXPHVHULHVEveryday Life in the North of the 16th Centur\ZKLFKDSSHDUHGLQ$GHWDLOHGSLFWXUH RIWKHSHRSOH·VOLIHZDVJLYHQLQWKLV25 7KH SROLWLFDO XWLOLVDWLRQ RI FXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ LQ 3RODQG +XQJDU\ DQG /DWYLD UHVXOWVIURPWKHVSHFLDOGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHLUVWDWHKRRGDQGSROLWLFDOLQGHSHQ23 SALMI, in this volume, p. 46. 24 ERIKSEN, in this volume, p. 31. 25 ERIKSEN, in this volume, p. 35. 21

Jörg Rogge

GHQFHLQFRPSDULVRQZLWK:HVWHUQ(XURSHDQFRXQWULHV7KHFRQWULEXWLRQVPDNH LWFOHDUWKDWLQWKHVHWKUHHFRXQWULHVFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\³UHJDUGOHVVRIKRZLWZDV FRQFHLYHGIURPDPHWKRGRORJLFDOWKHRUHWLFDOSRLQWRIYLHZLQHDFKFDVH³ZDV HPSOR\HGDVDQLQVWUXPHQWIRUVKDSLQJWKHFXUUHQWVRFLDODQGSROLWLFDOFRQGLWLRQV LQHDFKFDVH,QWKHKLVWRU\RIWKHVHFRXQWULHVZKLFKKDGRIFRXUVHRQO\H[SHULHQFHGFRPSDUDWLYHO\VKRUWSKDVHVRIVRYHUHLJQW\XQWLOWKHUHZHUH DJDLQDQGDJDLQSHULRGVLQZKLFKUHFRXUVHWRFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\PRVWO\XQGHUVWRRG DVWKHKLVWRU\RIWKHLUUHVSHFWLYHRZQFXOWXUHZDVRISROLWLFDOUHOHYDQFH7KXVLQ /DWYLDLQWKHLQWHUZDUSHULRGWKHPDLQWDVNRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ZDVVHHQDVEHLQJ WRSURYHFRQWLQXLW\RIWKH/DWYLDQQDWLRQVLQFHWKHthFHQWXU\DWWKHVDPHWLPH VKRZLQJWKHGLIIHUHQFHVRIWKHJHQXLQHLQGLJHQRXV/DWYLDQFXOWXUHIURPWKDWRI WKHLPPLJUDQW%DOWLF*HUPDQV26$QGDIWHUFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOZRUNZDV XQGHUWKHPD[LPWKDWWKHFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\RIWKH/DWYLDQVLVSDUWRIWKHKLVWRU\RI WKH/DWYLDQQDWLRQ&XOWXUDOXQLW\DQGLGHQWLW\ZLWKWKHKHOSRIVFKRODUVKLSZDV LQYRNHGDQGZLOODOZD\VEHVRLQWLPHVLQZKLFKQRVWDWHRIWKHLURZQH[LVWV27 ,Q+XQJDU\DIWHURQHWXUQHGWRWKHFXOWXUDOKLVWRULRJUDSK\RIWKH LQWHUZDUSHULRGZKLFKRIIHUHGDVWDUWLQJSRLQWIRUÀQGLQJWKHQDWLRQ$IWHUGHFDGHV XQGHU 6RYLHW GRPLQDQFH ZKLFK ZDV FRYHUHG XS DV internationalism, it ZDVDPDWWHURIVDIHJXDUGRUDJDLQXQFRYHULQJWKHKLVWRULFDOURRWVRIWKHQDWLRQ One means for this was the Cultural History of HungaryZKLFKZDVSXEOLVKHG EHWZHHQDQGDQGZDVRIWHQUHSULQWHGLQ2QHWKXVKDGDW WKHVDPHWLPH³ZKHWKHUFRQVFLRXVO\RUXQFRQVFLRXVO\³DOVRHVWDEOLVKHGLQWHOOHFWXDOFRQWDFWVZLWKWKH+RUWK\HUDDJDLQ 0LNOyV+RUWK\5HJHQWRI+XQJDU\  ,Q$QGUHD3HWŃ·VRSLQLRQWKLVEHFDPHWKHEDVLVIRUWKHQHZFRQVHUYDWLYHKLVWRULRJUDSK\LQ+XQJDU\

26 MINTAURSLQWKLVYROXPHS 27 7KLVDSSOLHVDGPLWWHGO\DOVRIRU6FDQGLQDYLD,WDO\DQG*HUPDQ\LQWKHthFHQWXU\  3(7łLQWKLVYROXPHS%XWLQWKHVLQ+XQJDU\DQGDOVRLQ3RODQGWKHFRQcepts of the Annales %UDXGHO&KDXQX DQGWKHROG*HUPDQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ZHUHWKH PHWKRGRORJLFDOWRROVLQRUGHUWRJHWURXQGWKHGRPLQDQWPDWHULDOLVWLFYLHZRIKLVWRU\ DFFRUGLQJWR3HW|UHPDUNDEO\PDQ\\RXQJFRQVHUYDWLYHWRQDWLRQDOULJKWKLVWRULDQV DVV\PSDWKLVHUVRI3UHPLHU9LNWRU2UEiQZKRDGYRFDWHVDXWKRULWDWLYHDQGQDWLRQDO SRVLWLRQV  22

Traditions, Topics and Trends in Cultural History in Europe—an Introduction

Institutionalisation &XOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVLQVWLWXWLRQDOLVHGDWXQLYHUVLWLHVDQGH[WUDXQLYHUVLW\UHVHDUFK LQVWLWXWLRQV ,Q DGGLWLRQ UHOHYDQW UHVHDUFK LV FRQGXFWHG LQ SURMHFWUHODWHG DFWLYLWLHVIRUOLPLWHGSHULRGV,Q*HUPDQ\DQG$XVWULDLQFRPSDULVRQZLWKRWKHU (XURSHDQFRXQWULHVVXFKDV%ULWDLQ,WDO\DQG6SDLQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVQRWRQO\ SUHVHQW DW XQLYHUVLWLHV EXW DOVR UHODWLYHO\ ZHOO LQVWLWXWLRQDOLVHG 7KXV IRU LQVWDQFHDW*HUPDQXQLYHUVLWLHVLQWKHIRUPRI0$FRXUVHVRIVWXGLHV+RZHYHU LWLVDOVRQRWLFHDEOHWKDWXQWLOWRGD\LWLVRQO\À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QVWHUDQG.RQVWDQ] In DGGLWLRQWKHUHDUHVWLOOXQLYHUVLW\UHVHDUFKFHQWUHVIRUDOLPLWHGSHULRGVXFKDV WKH )63 +LVWRULFDO &XOWXUDO 6FLHQFHV LQ 0DLQ] RU WKH +LVWRULFDO &XOWXUDO 6FLHQFHV5HVHDUFK&HQWUHDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI7ULHU30 7KHUHIRUH LW FDQ KDUGO\ EH VWDWHG WKDW FXOWXUDO KLVWRULFDO DSSURDFKHV KDYH EHHQVXVWDLQDEO\LQVWLWXWLRQDOO\HVWDEOLVKHGLQWKHVWUXFWXUHVDW*HUPDQXQLYHUVLWLHV³HYHQLIQDPHVKDYHEHHQUHSODFHG31$WWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI0DLQ]LQWKH FRXUVHRIWKHUHRUJDQLVDWLRQRIWKHIDFXOWLHVDIHZ\HDUVDJRDFaculty of History and Cultural StudiesZDVHVWDEOLVKHG+RZHYHUMXVWOLNHHOVHZKHUHDEXGJHWHG HVWDEOLVKHGSRVWIRUFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ZDVQRWLQFOXGHG32

 /$1':(+5LQWKLVYROXPHS 30 KWWSZZZKLVWRULVFKHNXOWXUZLVVHQVFKDIWHQXQLPDLQ]GH  DQG KWWS ZZZKNI]XQLWULHUGH 31 /XWWHULQWKLVYROXPHRQWKHVLWXDWLRQLQ$XVWULD 32 7KHUHLVQRFKDLURIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQ:HVWHUQ*HUPDQ\WKDWLVÀOOHGE\DKLVWRULDQ 6LOYLD6HUHQD7VFKRSSLQ$XJVEXUJLVDOLWHUDU\VSHFLDOLVWE\WUDLQLQJ(YHQKLVWRULDQVZKRVHHWKHPVHOYHVÀUPO\DVFXOWXUDOKLVWRULDQVVXFKDV8WH'DQLHO %UDXQVFKZHLJ3URIHVVRURI0RGHUQ+LVWRU\ $FKLP/DQGZHKU 'VVHOGRUI3URIHVVRURI 23

Jörg Rogge

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th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ÀQHLW7KHUHIRUHLWLVLQWHQGHGWRUHVHDUFKLQWRKRZFXOWXUDOGLYHUVLW\FDQ EHH[KLELWHGDWDQGZLWKWKHPXVHXPVLQ1RUZD\33,Q)LQODQGFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ ZDVLQVWLWXWLRQDOLVHGE\WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIFKDLUVDWWKHXQLYHUVLWLHV$IWHUWKH 6HFRQG:RUOG:DUcER$NDGHPLDVZHOODVVLQFHWKHVWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI &XOWXUDO+LVWRU\DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI7XUNXEHFDPHWKHPRVWLQÁXHQWLDOLQVWLWXWLRQVIRUFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQ)LQODQGEHFDXVHFKDLUVDQGGHSDUWPHQWVZHUHHVWDEOLVKHGWKHUH7HDFKLQJDQGUHVHDUFKZHUHWKXVDEOHWREHZHOOFRPELQHG34 In %ULWDLQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\XQOLNHVRFLDOKLVWRU\LVKDUGO\DSSDUHQWLQVWLWXWLRQDOO\ 3URIHVVRU-RUGDQRYDREVHUYHV´FXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVUHPDUNDEO\XQLQVWLWXWLRQDOLVHG LQIRUPDOVWUXFWXUHGZD\Vµ357KHUHLVDODFNRIDVSHFLÀFWUDGLWLRQVXFKDVHJ WKDWDWWKHPXVHXPVDQGXQLYHUVLWLHVRILQVWLWXWLRQDOLVHGIRONORUHLQ6FDQGLQDYLD DQG)LQODQGZKLFKFRXOG³DVKDSSHQHGIRUH[DPSOHLQ2VOR³EHIXUWKHUGHYHORSHGLQWRGHSDUWPHQWVRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\-XVWDVOLWWOHZHUHWKHUHUHFRJQLVDEOH +LVWRU\RIWKH(DUO\0RGHUQ3HULRG RULQ$XVWULD&KULVWLQD/XWWHU 9LHQQD3URIHVVRURI$XVWULDQ+LVWRU\ GRQRWKROGQRPLQDOO\FXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOFKDLUV 33 ERIKSEN, in this volume, p. 41. 34 SALMI, in this volume, p. 51. 35 JORDANOVA, in this volume, p. 64. 24

Traditions, Topics and Trends in Cultural History in Europe—an Introduction

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ÀQGLQJ LWV IHHW WKHUH WRR37 $GPLWWHGO\ 'HMXQJ REVHUYHV WKDW LQ FRQWUDVW WR WKH *HUPDQVSHDNLQJ SDUW RI 6ZLW]HUODQG KLVWRULDQV LQ WKH )UHQFKVSHDNLQJ UHJLRQ RI WKH FRXQWU\ DUH VWLOO KDUGO\WRXFKHGE\WKHcultural turn.'HMXQJGHVFULEHVWKH5HVHDUFK&HQWUHIRU $VLDDQG(XURSH 0DLQIRFXVPostcolonial StudiesFXOWXUDOWUDQVIHU LQ=XULFK DVRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWUHVHDUFKLQVWLWXWLRQVGHDOLQJZLWKFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQ 6ZLW]HUODQG7KH8QLYHUVLW\LQ/XFHUQHKDVEHHQZRUNLQJRQFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDO FXOWXUDO VWXGLHV LPDJH EXLOGLQJ IRU DERXW  \HDUV DOVR OLQNLQJ UHVHDUFK DQG WHDFKLQJWKURXJKLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\FROODERUDWLRQ ,Q,WDO\DFFRUGLQJWR$UFDQJHOL·VREVHUYDWLRQVWKHUHKDYHRQO\EHHQHQGHDYRXUVWRHVWDEOLVKFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\PRUHÀUPO\DWWKHXQLYHUVLWLHVVLQFHUHFHQWO\ $Q DSSURSULDWH DFDGHPLF QHWZRUN KDV EHHQ HVWDEOLVKHG DW WKH 8QLYHUVLWLHV RI %RORJQD3DGXD3LVDDQG9HQLFHVLQFH,QDGGLWLRQVHPLQDUVZLWKLQWHUQDWLRQDOVSHDNHUVDUHEHLQJKHOGDQGDERRNVHULHVCultural studies. Concepts and practicesKDVEHHQSODQQHG8QWLOQRZLQ,WDO\FXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDO LQGLYLGXDO  SURMHFWVKDYHGRPLQDWHGZKLFKDUHÀQDQFHGE\VWDWH³LQSDUWLFXODUE\WKH1DWLRQDO&RXQFLORI5HVHDUFK³DQGSULYDWHSURPRWLRQDOLQVWLWXWLRQV2QHPDLQIRFXVKHUHLVWKHVDYLQJDQGDUFKLYLQJRIPDWHULDOLQGDWDEDVHV another cultural FRQWDFWVLQWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQDUHD,Q+XQJDU\GHSDUWPHQWVRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ ZHUHDWOHDVWIRXQGHGDWWKHXQLYHUVLWLHVLQ3pFVLQDQG0LVNROFLQ $GPLWWHGO\DFFRUGLQJWR3HWŃWKH&HQWUDO(XURSHDQ8QLYHUVLW\LQ%XGDSHVWKDV WKHPRVWORJLFDOO\FRQVLVWHQWFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDORULHQWDWLRQLQWKHFRXQWU\ ,QWKH(XURSHDQSHUVSHFWLYHIXUWKHURUJDQLVDWLRQDOIRUPVDQGIRUPDWVDUHWR EHSHUFHLYHGLQFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOUHVHDUFKSUDFWLFH7KHUHDUHLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ FHQWUHVDWXQLYHUVLWLHVVXFKDVWKH&HQWUHIRU&XOWXUDO6WXGLHV *UD] DQGXQLYHUVLW\LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\VWXG\JURXSVVXFKDVWKHCultural Studies Working Group 36 37  

JORDANOVA, in this volume, p. 73. DEJUNG, in this volume, p. 160. DEJUNG, in this volume, p. 166. ARCANGELILQWKLVYROXPHS 25

Jörg Rogge

LQ9LHQQDRUWKHGroup for Cultural History Studies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roup de Recherche sur L’histoire des IntellectuelsDWWKH8QLYHUVLWLHVRI3DULV9,,, 6W'HQLV DQG%DUFHORQD)LQDOO\VLQFH 2007, the International Society for Cultural History UHJXODUO\ RIIHUV FXOWXUDO KLVWRULDQVWKHRSSRUWXQLW\IRUFRRSHUDWLRQDQGWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIQHZLGHDVIRU MRLQWSURMHFWVLQWKHFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOÀHOGRIZRUNZLWKDQQXDOFRQIHUHQFHVDQG the claim to involve all continents.407KHVHUHVHDUFKIRUPDWV³ZKLFKDUHLQSDUW DOVRXVHGLQWUDLQLQJVWXGHQWVZRUNLQJIRUDGRFWRUDWH³DUHFXUUHQWO\WKHEHVW SRVVLELOLWLHVIRULPSOHPHQWLQJWKHPHWKRGRORJLFDODSSURDFKHVRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ RQDQLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\DQGLQWHUFRXQWU\EDVLV41 +RZHYHULQWKHPDMRULW\RIFDVHVLQWKHDUWLFOHVLWLVDUJXHGWKDWFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ QHHGVDÀUPSODFHDWXQLYHUVLWLHVDVWKHSUHUHTXLVLWHIRUDORQJHUWHUPH[LVWHQFHDV DVHSDUDWHUHVHDUFKPRYHPHQW2QO\LQWKLVZD\FDQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\DOVRLQÁXHQFH WKHQHFHVVDU\WUDLQLQJRIWKHULVLQJJHQHUDWLRQRIDFDGHPLFV%RWKLQUHVHDUFKDQG LQWHDFKLQJFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVGLVWLQJXLVKHGE\WKHIDFWWKDWLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRRSHUDWLRQDQGQHWZRUNIRUPLQJDUHFXOWLYDWHG,QDGGLWLRQLQWKHDUWLFOHV\RXÀQGDSOHD IRUZRUNZLWKÁH[LEOHFXOWXUDOVWXGLHVFRQFHSWVZKLFKDUHGLVWLQJXLVKHGE\RSHQQHVVDQGDUHLQWHQGHGWRDYHUWWKHGDQJHURIJHWWLQJFDXJKWLQDFDGHPLFLPSDVVHV ,Q DGGLWLRQ FXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ REWDLQV LWV UHOHYDQFH DV D PHDQV RI GHIHQGLQJ SRVLWLRQVRIWKHKXPDQLWLHVLQWKHHYHUÀHUFHUFRPSHWLWLRQIRUÀQDQFLDOUHVRXUFHV :KHUHE\³DVWKHFRQWURYHUVLHVLQ6FRWODQGDQG*HUPDQ\LQSDUWLFXODUSURYH³LW KDV WR EH QRWHG WKDW QHZ SHUVSHFWLYHV DQG UHVHDUFK DSSURDFKHV DOZD\V OHDG WR ÀHUFHGLVFXVVLRQV6XFFHVVIXOQHZGLUHFWLRQVRIUHVHDUFKDUHFODLPHGWREHDWKUHDW

40 ZZZDEGQDFXNLVFK  6LQFH  FRQIHUHQFHV KDYH WDNHQ SODFH LQ $EHUGHHQ*HQWDQG7XUNX2VORLVIROORZLQJLQWKHQ1DQF\LQDQG,VWDQEXOLQ 41 7KHJHQHUDOSUREOHPRIDFDGHPLFSROLF\LVWRSURPRWHJUHDWSODQVDQGDFWLYLWLHVLQVWHDGRIVXSSRUWLQJWKH´JHQXLQHµSURMHFWVDWZRUNLQJOHYHOLUTTER, in this volume, S 26

Traditions, Topics and Trends in Cultural History in Europe—an Introduction

WRHVWDEOLVKHGVFKRODUVKLSDVWKH\³DSDUWIURPÀQDQFLDODQGSHUVRQQHODVSHFWV³ PLJKWSRWHQWLDOO\GHFLGHZKDWWKHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIKLVWRULFDOVFLHQFHZDV42

Problems, perspectives and potentials 6DOPLDQG(ULNVHQHPSKDVLVHWKDWFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\RIIHUVDVSHFLDOSHUVSHFWLYHRI WKHSDVW2QHLPSRUWDQWTXHVWLRQLVKRZGLGSHRSOHLQWKHSDVWIRUPWKHZRUOG WKH\OLYHGLQDQGKRZGLGWKH\FRPPXQLFDWHZLWKWKHLUHQYLURQPHQW43,QDGGLWLRQ(ULNVHQVWUHVVHVWKDWFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\KDVEHHQDUHDFWLRQWRGRPLQDQWWUHQGV LQKLVWRULFDOVFLHQFHDQGFDQEHUHJDUGHGDVDFRUUHFWLYHWRWKHVHWUHQGV446LQFH WKHVLQKHURSLQLRQWZRturnsKDYHLQÁXHQFHGFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQ6FDQGLQDYLD7KHUHÁHFWLYHWXUQE\ZKLFKLWEHFDPHFOHDUWKDWWKURXJKWKHLUZRUNRQ DSKHQRPHQRQHJSHRSOHDQGIRONFXOWXUHLQ1RUZD\UHVHDUFKHUVWKHPVHOYHV FRQWULEXWHGWRWKHH[LVWHQFHRIWKLVSKHQRPHQRQ7KHVXEMHFWRILQYHVWLJDWLRQE\ FXOWXUDOKLVWRULDQVGRHVQRWH[LVWLQLWVHOIEXWLVMRLQWO\FRQVWLWXWHGE\WKHFKRLFH RIPHWKRGDQGFRQFHSWLRQ7KHQWKHUHZDVWKHanthropological turnDFFRUGLQJ WRZKLFKFXOWXUHLVXQGHUVWRRGDVDXQLYHUVHRIPHDQLQJVV\PEROVDQGDVWKH result of communication. 7KHREVHUYDWLRQVPDGHRQWKH1RUZHJLDQH[DPSOHFDQEHDSSOLHGWR(XURSHDQFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOUHVHDUFK&XOWXUDOKLVWRU\VKRXOGQRWIDOOEHKLQGWKHVH WZRKHXULVWLFEDVLFDVVXPSWLRQV7KHUHVHDUFKÀHOG QDWLRQDO LGHQWLW\LVVWLOO WRSLFDODVIRUH[DPSOH'HMXQJUHSRUWVIRU6ZLW]HUODQGZKHUHLWLVGLIÀFXOWWR DFKLHYHVXFKDQLGHQWLW\JLYHQWKHOLQJXLVWLFDQGJHRJUDSKLFGLYHUVLW\DVZHOO DVWKHIHGHUDOFRQVWLWXWLRQ,Q,WDO\WRRJUHDWDWWHQWLRQLVGHYRWHGWRLGHQWLW\ 5HVHDUFK LV FRQGXFWHG LQWR WKH LGHQWLWLHV RI ODWH PHGLHYDO EXUJKHUV DQG DOVR WKDWRIWKHLQKDELWDQWVRIWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQDUHDLQWKHthDQGth centuries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in this volume, p. 55. ERIKSEN, in this volume, p. 42-43. 44 ERIKSEN, in this volume, p. 37. 27

Jörg Rogge

LPSRUWDQWLQVLJKWV,QDGGLWLRQFXOWXUDOWUDQVIHUDQGFXOWXUDOH[FKDQJHSOD\DQ LPSRUWDQWUROHLQFXUUHQWZRUNVDQGPostcolonial StudiesDUHDSSOLHGLQFRXQWU\ FRQWH[WV $SDUWIURPWKHÀHOGVRIZRUNDOUHDG\PHQWLRQHGIRUWKHIXUWKHUGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHFRQWHQWRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\WKHFRQWULEXWRUVHVWLPDWHWKDWDUWHIDFWV DQGPDWHULDOFXOWXUHZLOOSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROH,QWKLVFRQQHFWLRQTXHVWLRQVDUH DVNHGERWKDERXWWKHV\PEROLFVLJQLÀFDQFHRIWKHDUWHIDFWVDVDOVRDERXWWKHLU PDWHULDOLW\DVVXFKDQGWKHZD\LQZKLFKWKH\ZHUHZRUNHG2USXWGLIIHUHQWO\ +RZGRREMHFWVIXQFWLRQLQFXOWXUDOFRQWH[WV" +RZÀQDQFLDOVXSSRUWZLOOGHYHORSZLOODOVREHRIJUHDWLPSRUWDQFHIRUWKH IXUWKHUGHYHORSPHQWRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LQ(XURSH7KXVIRUH[DPSOHLQ)LQODQG DIWHUDSKDVHRILQVWLWXWLRQDOH[SDQVLRQRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\LQ 7XUNXWKHTXHVWLRQZLOOEHKRZWKHIXUWKHUGHYHORSPHQWRIVWXGLHVDQGWHDFKLQJ FDQ EH VDIHJXDUGHG LI IXUWKHU FXWV DUH PDGH LQ WKH DFDGHPLF EXGJHW DIWHU DQGXQLYHUVLWLHVH[SHFWEXGJHWORVVHV,Q,WDO\$UFDQJHOLGLVFHUQVDWUHQG WRZDUGVFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\DPRQJ\RXQJUHVHDUFKHUVEXWKHKDVGRXEWVZKHWKHU WKHVHVFKRODUVZLOOÀQGDSODFHLQWKH,WDOLDQXQLYHUVLW\DQGUHVHDUFKVFHQHDQG IHDUVIXUWKHUHPLJUDWLRQ,Q*HUPDQ\ZHPXVWZDLWDQGVHHZKDWVXFFHVVFXOWXUDO KLVWRULFDO IRUPDWV ZLOO KDYH LQ WKH FRPSHWLWLRQ IRU H[FHOOHQFH VWDJHG E\ WKH )HGHUDO DQG VWDWH DXWKRULWLHV ,Q 6ZHGHQ WKH WUHQG LV WRZDUGV VRFLDO VFLHQFHVDQGFRQWHPSRUDU\KLVWRU\ZLWKWKHFXOWXUDOLQKHULWDQFHEHLQJIXUWKHUFXOWLYDWHGLQWKHPXVHXPV,Q&RSHQKDJHQRQWKHRWKHUKDQGFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\KDV DVWURQJSRVLWLRQ,Q1RUZD\WKHUHLVWKHPRYHPHQWRICultural StudiesPDLQO\ RULHQWHG WRZDUGV FRQWHPSRUDU\ VRFLHWLHV 8QLYHUVLW\ RI %HUJHQ  DQG &XOWXUDO +LVWRU\ 8QLYHUVLW\RI2VOR ZLWKSURMHFWVRQWKHFXOWXUDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIPLQRULWLHVLQPXVHXPVDIWHUWKHHQGRIWKHJUHDWQDWLRQDOQDUUDWLYHVRUWKHKLVWRU\ RINQRZOHGJH457KHIXWXUHGHYHORSPHQWRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ZLOOGHSHQGDQ\ZD\ RQLWVVXFFHHGLQJLQDVVHUWLQJWKHVLJQLÀFDQFHRILWVFRJQLWLYHSRVVLELOLWLHVDQG UHVHDUFKUHVXOWVFRPSDUHGZLWKWKRVHRICultural StudiesLQDFDGHPLFDQGVRFLDO competition.

45 ERIKSEN,LQWKLVYROXPHS 28

Traditions, Topics and Trends in Cultural History in Europe—an Introduction

Literature ARCANGELI, ALESSANDRO HG /DVWRULDFXOWXUDOHXQDVYROWDQHOODVWRULRJUDÀD PRQGLDOH"9HURQD BURKE, PETER,3DSLHUXQG0DUNWJHVFKUHL'LH*HEXUWGHU:LVVHQVJHVHOOVFKDIW Berlin 2002. DANIEL, UTE,.RPSHQGLXP.XOWXUJHVFKLFKWHthHG)UDQNIXUW0DLQ DARNTON, ROBERT, 'DV JUR‰H .DW]HQPDVVDNHU 6WUHLI]JH GXUFK GLH IUDQ]|VLVFKH.XOWXUYRUGHU5HYROXWLRQ0QFKHQ DAVIS, NATHALIE ZEMON,'LHZDKUKDIWLJH*HVFKLFKWHGHU5FNNHKUGHV0DUWLQ *XHUUH0QFKHQ DÜLMEN, RICHARD VAN, +LVWRULVFKH $QWKURSRORJLH (QWZLFNOXQJ 3UREOHPH $XIJDEHQ.|OQ GINZBURG, CARLO, 'HU .lVH XQG GLH :UPHU³GLH :HOW HLQHV 0OOHUV XP %HUOLQ GREEN, ANNA,&XOWXUDO+LVWRU\1HZ