Critical Geographies of Childhood and Youth: Contemporary Policy and Practice 9781447309079

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Critical geographies of childhood and youth

Contemporary policy and practice

Edited by Peter Kraftl, John Horton and Faith Tucker

Critical geographies of childhood and youth Policy and practice Edited by Peter Kraftl, John Horton and Faith Tucker

First published in Great Britain in 2012 by The Policy Press University of Bristol Fourth Floor Beacon House Queen’s Road Bristol BS8 1QU UK Tel +44 (0)117 331 4054 Fax +44 (0)117 331 4093 e-mail [email protected] www.policypress.co.uk North American office: The Policy Press c/o The University of Chicago Press 1427 East 60th Street Chicago, IL 60637, USA t: +1 773 702 7700 f: +1 773-702-9756 e:[email protected] www.press.uchicago.edu © The Policy Press 2012 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested. ISBN 978 1 84742 845 5 paperback ISBN 978 1 84742 846 2 hardcover The right of Peter Kraftl, John Horton and Faith Tucker to be identified as editors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the 1988 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act. All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of The Policy Press. The statements and opinions contained within this publication are solely those of the editors and contributors and not of The University of Bristol or The Policy Press. The University of Bristol and The Policy Press disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any material published in this publication. The Policy Press works to counter discrimination on grounds of gender, race, disability, age and sexuality. Cover design by Qube Design Associates, Bristol Front cover: Children of the Thar Desert – Rajasthan, India. Kindly supplied by Dr Sophie Hadfield-Hill Printed and bound in Great Britain by Hobbs, Southampton The Policy Press uses environmentally responsible print partners

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Dedication For Professor Hugh Matthews

Contents List of tables, figures and boxes vii Notes on contributors viii Acknowledgements xiv one Editors’ introduction: critical geographies of childhood and youth Peter Kraftl, John Horton and Faith Tucker

(Inter)national youth policies: politics and practices of spatial translation two Making ‘youth publics’ and ‘neuro-citizens’: critical geographies of contemporary education practice in the UK Jessica Pykett three Youth policy, neoliberalism and transnational governmentality: a case study of Lesotho and Malawi Nicola Ansell, Flora Hajdu, Elsbeth Robson, Lorraine van Blerk, Elodie Marandet four ‘Brighter futures, greener lives’: children and young people in UK sustainable development policy Bethan Evans and Emma-Jay Honeyford five Places to go, things to do and people to see: space and activity in English youth work policy Richard Davies

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Part I

Part II

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43

61

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Education and employment policies: learning beyond schools and schools beyond learning six The place of aspiration in UK widening participation policy: 97 moving up or moving beyond Gavin Brown seven School choice versus social cohesion: examining the ways education 115 policies shape children’s geographies in the UK Susie Weller eight Lunchtime lock-in: territorialisation and UK school meals policies 133 Jo Pike and Derek Colquhoun nine Informal education in compulsory schooling in the UK: humanising 151 moments, utopian spaces? Isabel Cartwright

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Contents Critical geographies of childhood and youth

Part III Intervening in ‘everyday life’: scales, practices and the ‘spatial imagination’ in youth policy and professional practice ten A free for all? Scale and young people’s participation in UK transport 169 planning John Barker eleven Including young people in heritage conservation in southern 185 Brazilian cities: the case of Pelotas Laura Novo de Azevedo twelve Anchoring identity: the construction of responsibility for and by 199 young offenders in the US Alexandra Cox thirteen Parenting policy and the geographies of friendship: encounters in an 215 English Sure Start Children’s Centre Eleanor Jupp fourteen Youth homelessness policy in Wales: improving housing rights and 231 addressing geographical wrongs Peter K. Mackie fifteen Childhood in South Africa in the time of HIV/AIDS: reconsidering 247 policy and practice Amy Norman Part IV Concluding reflections sixteen Concluding reflections: what next and where next for critical geographies of youth policy and practice? Peter Kraftl, John Horton and Faith Tucker Index

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vi

Sources of extracts

List of tables, figures and boxes List of tables 4.1

‘What children told us in our sustainable schools consultation in 2006’ 7.1 Anticipated length of journey to secondary school by gender 7.2 Anticipated length of journey to secondary school by research site 7.3 Example school-based characteristics making for significant differences (p