Carter's guide to Australian contract law [3rd edition.] 9780409342871, 0409342874

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Carter’s Guide to Australian Contract Law Third edition

J W Carter BA, LLB (Syd), PhD (Cantab), FAAL Emeritus Professor of Law, University of Sydney General Editor, Journal of Contract Law Consultant, Herbert Smith Freehills

LexisNexis Butterworths Australia 2016

AUSTRALIA

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National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Title: .Edition: ISBN: Notes: Subjects: Dewey Number:

Carter, J. W. (John W.). Carter’s guide to Australian contract law. 3rd edition. 9780409342871 (pbk). 9780409342888 (ebk). Includes index. Contracts - Australia. 346.9402

© 2015 Ironhans Pty Limited. Under exclusive licence to Reed International Books Australia Pty Ltd trading as LexisNexis First edition 2006; Second edition 2011 This book is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owner. Neither may information be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. Inquiries should be addressed to the publishers. Cover painting © Kathryn Elizabeth Carter, BA. Edited by Rosemary Peers. Design and typesettting in Minion and Myriad by DiZign Pty Ltd. Printed in China. Visit LexisNexis Butterworths at www.lexisnexis.com.au

This book is dedicated to the memory of my beautiful daughter Kathryn whose love of life, family and friends will always be an inspiration ‘Write me the stars and gaze at the page’ Kat 2003

Preface In terms of objects and structure, this edition follows the same pattern as the previous editions. However, the Problems and Solutions Chapters have been moved into the printed part of the book. I have brought the book up to date, including taking into account intervening High Court decisions in areas such as damages, terms implied in law, construction and unconscionable conduct. I have also spent considerable time on each chapter, endeavouring to ensure that the text of each chapter is clear, accessible and useful. This has led to changes to many of the examples in the text and the various questions, including in the Quick Quiz sections. There are also a few chapters in which I have restructured material. Chapter 10 is the main example. My thanks to Rosemary Peers for doing such a fantastic job editing the manuscript and also to Diana Murray for preparing the proofs and tables. I must also thank my secretaries at Herbert Smith Freehills, Daniela Furia and Ashley Liubertas, for their expert management of the proofs. My wife Helen joins with me in thanking LexisNexis (particularly Serena Cubie) for once again converting our daughter Kathryn’s artwork into the cover of the book. J W Carter Sydney October 2015

Preface to Second Edition In the preface to the first edition I explained: The use of the word ‘Guide’ in the title of this book is intended to reflect the functional approach of the book and, in particular, the way in which it attempts to guide students of contract law through the various issues. The part headings — which express all the important questions for a work of this level — are themselves signposts to the map which the chapters represent. Each chapter other than Chapter 1 ends with a series of brief questions which are intended to test a basic understanding of the content. More searching questions are included in the Problem Questions chapter, which is contained in the accompanying CD (along with the Solutions to Problems chapter). Recognising that students are expected to write essays and pass exams, and that an appreciation of the basics of contract drafting is helpful to an understanding of contract law, The How to Chapter and a Sample Contracts chapter have also been included. These are intended to reinforce the concept of the book as a ‘Guide’, as is the Guide Glossary.

Those objectives are equally applicable to this second edition. In preparing this edition I have reviewed the entire book not only for accuracy but also for ease of understanding. Of course, it has also been fully updated. That updating included the incorporation of analysis of the Australian Consumer Law, which comes into operation on 1 January 2011. Where appropriate, the corresponding provisions of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) — itself to be replaced by the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) — are noted. My wife joins with me in thanking the publishers for allowing us to include the dedication and for converting Kathryn’s painting into the cover of the book. As always, I have to thank Rosemary Peers for her work in editing the book with her usual skill, judgment and diligence. The law is stated on the basis of the material available to me in bound volumes of reported cases on 1 November 2010. JW Carter Sydney November 2010

Table of Cases Those cases reprinted at length in Carter, Cases and Materials on Contract Law in Australia, 6th ed, are distinguished by bold References are to paragraph numbers ABB Power Plants Ltd v Electricity Commission of New South Wales t/a Pacific Power (1995) …. 34-21 Abbott v Lance (1860) …. 2-41 Abrahams v Herbert Reiach Ltd [1922] …. 27-14 Academy of Health and Fitness Pty Ltd v Power [1973] …. 33-35 Actionstrength Ltd v International Glass Engineering IN.GL.EN Spa [2003] …. 35-22 Adams v Lindsell (1818) …. 2-29 Addis v Gramophone Co Ltd [1909] …. 27-13 Administration of the Territory of Papua New Guinea v Leahy (1961) …. 5-08 Administrative and Clerical Officers Association v The Commonwealth (1979) …. 29-10 Aerial Advertising Co v Batchelors Peas Ltd (Manchester) [1938] …. 27-43 AGC (Advances) Ltd v McWhirter (1977) …. 2-42 Agricultural and Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner (2008) …. 10-31, 33-11 Ailsa Craig Fishing Co Ltd v Malvern Fishing Co Ltd [1983] …. 11-09 Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v K S Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd (1985) …. 10-15 Akron Securities Ltd v Iliffe (1997) …. 23-30 Alati v Kruger (1955) …. 28-09, 28-10, 33-05, 33-26, 33-35 Alderslade v Hendon Laundry Ltd [1945] …. 11-04, 11-22, 11-23 Alexander v Rayson [1936] …. 34-07, 34-44 Allcard v Skinner (1887) …. 25-20 Allcars Pty Ltd v Tweedle [1937] …. 4-14 Allied Maples Group Ltd v Simmons & Simmons (a firm) [1995] …. 27-49 Alpha Trading Ltd v Dunnshaw-Patten Ltd [1981] …. 8-03 Amalgamated Investment & Property Co Ltd v John Walker & Sons Ltd [1976] …. 24-04

Amann Aviation Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth (1990) …. 17-02 AMEV-UDC Finance Ltd v Austin (1986) …. 27-54, 27-56 Amoco Australia Pty Ltd v Rocca Bros Motor Engineering Co Pty Ltd (1973) …. 34-28, 34-29, 34-29, 34-31 —v— [No 2] [1975] …. 34-46 Andar Transport Pty Ltd v Brambles Ltd (2004) …. 10-07, 11-24 Andrews v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (2012) …. 27-53, 2755, 27-56 Andrews v Parker [1973] …. 34-17, 34-18, 34-43 Ange v First East Auction Holdings Pty Ltd (2011) …. 9-10 Angel v Jay [1911] …. 33-34 Ankar Pty Ltd v National Westminster Finance (Australia) Ltd (1987) …. 16-21, 17-09, 17-13, 17-15, 17-27, 19-14 Antaios Compania Naviera SA v Salen Rederierna AB (The Antaios) [1983] …. 32-14 —v— [1985] …. 10-07, 17-02 Aotearoa International Ltd v Scancarriers A/S [1985] …. 4-13 Appleby v Myers (1867) …. 30-23, 30-29, 30-36 Archbolds (Freightage) Ltd v S Spanglett Ltd [1961] …. 34-13, 34-19 Ardlethan Options Ltd v Easdown (1915) …. 27-34 Argy v Blunts & Lane Cove Real Estate Pty Ltd (1990) …. 28-19 Aroney v Christianus (1915) …. 12-14 Ashby v Tolhurst [1937] …. 11-15 Associated Japanese Bank (International) Ltd v Credit du Nord SA [1989] …. 24-07 Associated Newspapers Ltd v Bancks (1951) …. 16-06, 17-09, 17-11, 17-12, 1816 Astley v Austrust Ltd (1999) …. 27-25, 27-28 Astra Trust Ltd v Adams [1969] …. 4-29 Atco Controls Pty Ltd (in liq) v Newtronics Pty Ltd (Receivers and Managers Appointed) (in liq) (2009) …. 5-06 Attorney General of Belize v Belize Telecom Ltd [2009] …. 8-01 Attorney-General v Blake [2001] …. 27-19 Austin v Sheldon [1974] …. 20-22 Austotel Pty Ltd v Franklins Selfserve Pty Ltd (1989) …. 6-17 Australian and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Frost Holdings Pty Ltd [1989] …. 4-13

Australian Broadcasting Corp v XIVth Commonwealth Games Ltd (1988) …. 507 Australian Capital Territory v Munday (2000) …. 34-28 Australian Casualty Co Ltd v Federico (1986) …. 10-07 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd (2003) …. 5-09 —v C G Berbatis Holdings Pty Ltd (2003) …. 26-10, 26-10 —v Samton Holdings Pty Ltd (2002) …. 26-10 Australian Performing Rights Association Ltd v Austarama Television Pty Ltd [1973] …. 10-20 Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth (1954) …. 2-04, 3-02, 3-08, 12-32 —v— (1955) …. 5-08 Australis Media Holdings Pty Ltd v Telstra Corp Ltd (1998) …. 4-12, 14-11 Automatic Fire Sprinklers Pty Ltd v Watson (1946) …. 14-04 Avery v Bowden (1856) …. 18-10 B & S Contracts and Design Ltd v Victor Green Publications Ltd [1984] …. 2005 Baburin v Baburin (No 2) [1991] …. 25-22 Bacchus Marsh Concentrated Milk Co Ltd v Joseph Nathan & Co Ltd (1919) …. 24-21 Bahr v Nicolay (No 2) (1988) …. 10-22, 13-09 Baker v Taylor (1906) …. 2-21 Balfour v Balfour [1919] …. 5-04 —v Hollandia Ravensthorpe NL (1978) …. 23-10 Ballas v Theophilos (No 2) (1957) …. 2-10, 2-14 Balmain New Ferry Co Ltd v Robertson (1906) …. 9-07 Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (The Mikhail Lermontov) (1993) …. 27-41, 27-43, 27-44, 30-06, 30-12, 30-22 Banco de Portugal v Waterlow & Sons Ltd [1932] …. 27-34 Bank Line Ltd v Arthur Capel & Co [1919] …. 20-25 Bank of Australasia v Palmer [1897] …. 10-10, 10-16 Bank of New South Wales v Rogers (1941) …. 22-04 Bans Pty Ltd v Ling (1995) …. 14-23 Barba v Gas & Fuel Corp of Victoria (1976) …. 3-17 Barclays Bank Plc v O’Brien [1994] …. 25-24

Barry v Davies (trading as Heathcote Ball & Co) [2000] …. 2-42 Barton v Armstrong [1976] …. 25-10 Bastard v McCallum [1924] …. 2-25 Baulkham Hills Private Hospital Pty Ltd v GR Securities Pty Ltd (1986) …. 4-23 Behn v Burness (1863) …. 16-25 Behzadi v Shaftesbury Hotels Ltd [1992] …. 19-16 Belgrave Nominees Pty Ltd v Barlin-Scott Airconditioning (Aust) Pty Ltd [1984] …. 29-11 Bell v Lever Bros Ltd [1932] …. 24-07, 24-08 —v Scott (1922) …. 18-22, 19-04 Bellgrove v Eldridge (1954) …. 27-12, 27-39, 27-47 Benedetti v Sawiris [2014] …. 30-17 Bentsen v Taylor Sons & Co (No 2) [1893] …. 17-09 Berger & Co Inc v Gill & Duffus SA [1984] …. 31-01 Beswick v Beswick [1968] …. 13-14, 27-04, 29-07 Bevanere Pty Ltd v Lubidineuse (1985) …. 23-26 BHP Petroleum Ltd v British Steel Plc [2000] …. 11-22 BICC Plc v Burndy Corp [1985] …. 33-32 Blackpool and Fylde Aero Club Ltd v Blackpool Borough Council [1990] …. 619 Bliss v South East Thames Regional Health Authority [1987] …. 27-42 Blomley v Ryan (1956) …. 12-23, 26-01, 26-05, 26-06 Boland v Yates Property Corp Pty Ltd (1999) …. 28-19 Bolton v Mahadeva [1972] …. 14-21 Bondi Beach Astra Retirement Village Pty Ltd v Gora (2011) …. 2-25 Booker Industries Pty Ltd v Wilson Parking (Qld) Pty Ltd (1982) …. 4-15, 4-16 Boone v Eyre (1777) …. 14-18 Bot v Ristevski [1981] …. 31-13 Bowes v Chaleyer (1923) …. 4-09, 15-08, 17-14, 17-25, 18-14, 19-11 —v Shand (1877) …. 19-11 Bowmakers Ltd v Barnet Instruments Ltd [1945] …. 34-38 Bowman v Durham Holdings Pty Ltd (1973) …. 2-30 Boyd v Holmes (1878) …. 2-28 BP Petroleum Co (Libya) Ltd v Hunt (No 2) [1979] …. 30-36 BP Refinery (Westernport) Pty Ltd v Shire of Hastings (1977) …. 8-02 Bradshaw v Gilbert’s (Australasian) Agency (Vic) Pty Ltd (1952) …. 34-13 Braham v Walker (1961) …. 34-08

Brambles Holdings Ltd v Bathurst City Council (2001) …. 2-19, 10-24 Breen v Williams (1996) …. 8-06 Bremer Handelsgesellschaft mbH v Vanden Avenne-Izegem PVBA [1978] …. 20-05, 21-04 Bremer Vulkan Schiffbau und Maschinenfabrik v South India Shipping Corp Ltd [1981] …. 20-08 Brenner v First Artists’ Management Pty Ltd [1993] …. 30-18 Bressan v Squires [1974] …. 2-30, 2-31 Brian v Tyley (1916) …. 13-08 Bridge v Campbell Discount Co Ltd [1962] …. 27-54 —v Deacons [1984] …. 34-30, 34-32 Bridgewater v Leahy (1998) …. 26-06 Brien v Dwyer (1978) …. 19-10 Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgesellschaft mbH [1983] …. 2-33 British and Beningtons Ltd v North Western Cachar Tea Co Ltd [1923] …. 1825, 22-07 British Steel Corp v Cleveland Bridge and Engineering Co Ltd (1981) [1984] …. 6-21, 30-18 British Traders’ Insurance Co Ltd v Monson (1964) …. 20-22 British Waggon Co v Lea & Co (1880) …. 14-11 Brogden v Metropolitan Railway Co (1877) …. 2-44 Brooks v Burns Philp Trustee Co Ltd (1969) …. 34-21, 34-47 Brown v Smitt (1924) …. 28-08 Brown (B S) & Son Ltd v Craiks Ltd [1970] …. 8-14 Buckland v Massey [1985] …. 34-08 Bulloch v Glasson (1915) …. 7-11 Bunbury Foods Pty Ltd v National Bank of Australasia Ltd (1984) …. 14-08 Bunge Corp New York v Tradax Export SA Panama [1981] …. 17-15, 19-11 Burger King Corp v Hungry Jack’s Pty Ltd (2001) …. 14-12 Burke v State Bank of New South Wales (1994) …. 22-04 Burns v MAN Automotive (Aust) Pty Ltd (1986) …. 27-25, 27-33 Burns Philp Trust Co Pty Ltd v Kwikasair Freightlines Ltd (1963) …. 29-09 Bush v Burns (1873) …. 3-17 Butler v Fairclough (1917) …. 3-28 Butler Machine Tool Co Ltd v Ex-Cell-O Corp (England) Ltd [1979] …. 2-35 Butt v M’Donald (1896) …. 14-12

Byers v Dorotea Pty Ltd (1986) …. 11-31, 28-22 Byrne v Australian Airlines Ltd (1995) …. 8-05, 8-06, 8-09, 14-12, 14-23, 27-37, 29-17 Byrne & Co v Leon Van Tienhoven & Co (1880) …. 2-12, 2-30 Byrnes v Kendle (2011) …. 10-20 Callaghan v O’Sullivan [1925] …. 34-25 Callisher v Bischoffsheim (1870) …. 3-28 Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd v Best (1990) …. 34-23 Cameron (R W) & Co v L Slutzkin Pty Ltd (1923) …. 10-28 Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd (2009) …. 23-26, 28-22 Canada SS Lines Ltd v R [1952] …. 11-20, 11-23 Canning v Temby (1905) …. 14-03, 19-05 Car and Universal Finance Co Ltd v Caldwell [1965] …. 24-16, 33-14 Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] …. 1-40, 2-06, 2-22, 2-28, 2-38, 2-39, 2-41, 3-08, 3-10, 3-21, 6-06, 7-15 Carlton Cricket & Football Social Club v Joseph [1970] …. 12-29 Carlton SS Co Ltd v Castle Mail Packets Co Ltd [1898] …. 14-03 Carmichael v Colonial Sugar Refining Co Ltd (1944) …. 20-11 Carney v Herbert [1985] …. 34-48, 34-52 Carter v Hyde (1923) …. 2-11, 2-18, 29-15 Casey’s Patents; Stewart v Casey, Re [1892] …. 3-17 Causer v Browne [1952] …. 9-07, 9-11 Cavallari v Premier Refrigeration Co Pty Ltd (1952) …. 2-10, 15-09 Cehave NV v Bremer Handelsgesellschaft mbH (The Hansa Nord) [1976] …. 1-20, 16-27, 17-14, 17-21, 17-28 Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd [1947] …. 6-12 CGU Workers Compensation (NSW) Ltd v Garcia (2007) …. 1-20, 6-23, 14-12 Chapelton v Barry Urban District Council [1940] …. 9-07, 9-11 Chaplin v Hicks [1911] …. 27-48 Chapman v Wade [1939] …. 34-36 Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestlé Co Ltd [1960] …. 3-15 Charge Card Services Ltd, Re [1989] …. 14-10 Charles Rickards Ltd v Oppenhaim [1950] …. 19-15 Charrington & Co Ltd v Wooder [1914] …. 10-24 Chartbrook Ltd v Persimmon Homes Ltd [2009] …. 10-20, 24-22 Charter Reinsurance Co Ltd v Fagan [1997] …. 10-25

China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corp v Evlogia Shipping Co SA of Panama (The Mihalios Xilas) [1979] …. 33-14 Ciavarella v Balmer (1983) …. 19-18, 33-10 Citicorp Australia Ltd v Hendry (1985) …. 19-18 Clark v Macourt (2013) …. 27-14 Clarke v Earl of Dunraven [1897] …. 2-43 Claude Neon Ltd v Hardie [1970] …. 20-25 Clea Shipping Corp v Bulk Oil International Ltd (The Alaskan Trader) [1984] …. 27-38 Clegg v Wilson (1932) …. 34-44 Clifford Davis Management Ltd v WEA Records Ltd [1975] …. 34-32 Coal Cliff Collieries Pty Ltd v Sijehama Pty Ltd (1991) …. 4-12 Coastal Estates Pty Ltd v Melevende [1965] …. 33-19 Coates v Sarich [1964] …. 30-14 Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) …. 8-04, 10-05, 10-07, 10-21, 10-23, 1024, 10-25, 10-32, 20-01, 20-07, 20-15, 20-28, 20-29, 24-04, 30-24 Cohen v Cohen (1929) …. 5-05 Collins v Godefroy (1831) …. 3-16 Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio (1983) …. 26-04, 26-05, 26-06 Commissioner for Main Roads v Reed & Stuart Pty Ltd (1974) …. 14-12 Commissioner of State Taxation v Cyril Henschke Pty Ltd (2010) …. 12-04 Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Barker (2014) …. 1-38, 8-09, 8-15 —v Carotino (2011) …. 4-25 —v Smith (1991) …. 23-27 —v TLI Management Pty Ltd [1990] …. 7-08 Commonwealth of Australia v Amann Aviation Pty Ltd (1991) …. 27-14, 2716, 27-18, 27-49 —v Ling (1993) …. 12-31 Comptoir d’Achat et de Vente du Boerenbond Belge SA v Luis de Ridder Limitada (The Julia) [1949] …. 20-12 Concut Pty Ltd v Worrell (2000) …. 3-25, 22-08 Con-Stan Industries of Australia Pty Ltd v Norwich Winterthur Insurance (Australia) Ltd (1986) …. 8-01 Construction Engineering (Aust) Pty Ltd v Hexyl Pty Ltd (1985) …. 13-06 Continental Contractors Co Ltd v Medway Oil & Storage Co Ltd (1925) …. 1814

Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd v Argyll Stores (Holdings) Ltd [1998] …. 2918 Cooper v Phibbs (1867) …. 24-07 Corley v Chippendale (1882) …. 35-15 Couchman v Hill [1947] …. 7-13 Coulls v Bagot’s Executor and Trustee Co Ltd (1967) …. 3-10, 3-13, 13-13, 1314, 29-07 Cramaso LLP v Ogilvie-Grant [2014] …. 23-09 Crescendo Management Pty Ltd v Westpac Banking Corp (1988) …. 25-09, 2513, 25-14 Cricklewood Property and Investment Trust Ltd v Leighton’s Investment Trust Ltd [1945] …. 21-03 Criss v Alexander (1928) …. 8-16, 10-32 Crombie v Crombie [1903] …. 35-21 Cudgen Rutile (No 2) Pty Ltd v Chalk [1975] …. 4-06 Cullinane v British ‘Rema’ Manufacturing Co Ltd [1954] …. 27-18 Cummings v Claremont Petroleum NL (1996) …. 13-08 Cundy v Lindsay (1878) …. 24-15, 24-16 Currie v Misa (1875) …. 3-02 Curtis v Chemical Cleaning and Dyeing Co [1951] …. 9-05, 11-26 Cut Price Deli Pty Ltd v Jacques (1994) …. 23-27 Cutter v Powell (1795) …. 14-17, 30-23 Cutts v Buckley (1933) …. 23-12 Cypjayne Pty Ltd v Babcock & Brown International Pty Ltd (2011) …. 15-17 D & C Builders Ltd v Rees [1966] …. 6-13 Dalgety and New Zealand Loan Ltd v C Imeson Pty Ltd [1964] …. 34-10 Dalgety Australia Ltd v Harris [1977] …. 2-24 Dalgety Wine Estates Pty Ltd v Rizzon (1979) …. 29-03 Dan v Barclays Australia Ltd (1983) …. 22-05, 22-07 Darlington Futures Ltd v Delco Australia Pty Ltd (1986) …. 11-08, 11-09, 1111, 11-12, 11-13, 11-15, 11-18, 11-24, 11-25 David Jones Ltd v Willis (1934) …. 8-14 David Securities Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of Australia (1992) …. 30-05 Davis v Commissioner for Main Roads (1968) …. 11-22 —v Pearce Parking Station Pty Ltd (1954) …. 11-02, 11-22 Davis Contractors Ltd v Fareham Urban District Council [1956] …. 20-01,

20-07, 20-15, 20-24, 20-29 Dayeian v Davidson (2010) …. 3-32 De Francesco v Barnum (1890) …. 12-10 Decro-Wall International SA v Practitioners in Marketing Ltd [1971] …. 29-12 Demagogue Pty Ltd v Ramensky (1992) …. 11-31, 23-27 Denny Mott & Dickson Ltd v James B Fraser & Co Ltd [1944] …. 20-09 Derry v Peek (1889) …. 23-14 Dewhurst (W A) & Co Pty Ltd v Cawrse [1960] …. 2-32, 2-33 Di Biase v Rezek [1971] …. 35-15 Dick Bentley Productions Ltd v Harold Smith (Motors) Ltd [1965] …. 7-10 Dickinson v Dodds (1876) …. 2-11, 2-12, 2-16 Direct Acceptance Finance Ltd v Cumberland Furnishing Pty Ltd [1965] …. 1725 Director of Public Prosecutions (Vic) v Le (2007) …. 3-14 DJE Constructions Pty v Maddocks [1982] …. 34-52 Dobbs v National Bank of Australasia Ltd (1935) …. 34-22 Dome Resources NL v Silver (2008) …. 3-21 Dominelli Ford (Hurstville) Pty Ltd v Karmot Auto Spares Pty Ltd (1992) …. 23-26 Dougan v Ley (1946) …. 29-07 Dressy Frocks Pty Ltd v Bock (1951) …. 34-36 DTR Nominees Pty Ltd v Mona Homes Pty Ltd (1978) …. 10-24, 18-19, 18-20, 22-07 Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage and Motor Co Ltd [1915] …. 27-53, 27-54 —v Selfridge & Co Ltd [1915] …. 3-02 Dymocks Franchise Systems (NSW) Pty Ltd v Todd [2004] …. 18-07 Earl of Aylesford v Morris (1873) …. 26-04, 26-05 Earl of Chesterfield v Janssen (1751) …. 26-01 Eastern Health v MIA Victoria Pty Ltd (2009) …. 4-12 Edgington v Fitzmaurice (1885) …. 23-10, 23-14 Egan v State Transport Authority (1982) …. 6-15 Eggleston v Marley Engineers Pty Ltd (1979) …. 9-13 Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) …. 10-25, 1516 Electronic Industries Ltd v David Jones Ltd (1954) …. 3-30, 35-25

Elias v George Sahely & Co (Barbados) Ltd [1983] …. 35-17 Elizabeth Bay Developments Pty Ltd v Boral Building Services Pty Ltd (1995) …. 4-12 Elkhoury v Farrow Mortgage Services Pty Ltd (1993) …. 31-01 Ellul v Oakes (1972) …. 7-10, 7-11 Embiricos v Sydney Reid & Co [1914] …. 20-16 Empirnall Holdings Pty Ltd v Machon Paull Partners Pty Ltd (1988) …. 2-44 Empresa Exportadora de Azucar v Industria Azucarera Nacional SA (The Playa Larga) [1983] …. 20-19 Environmental Systems Pty Ltd v Peerless Holdings Pty Ltd (2008) …. 11-03, 28-22 Equuscorp Pty Ltd v Glengallan Investments Pty Ltd (2004) …. 9-05 —v Haxton (2012) …. 34-26, 34-39 Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc (2002) …. 5-09 Ernest Beck & Co v K Szymanowski & Co [1924] …. 11-13 Ertel Bieber & Co v Rio Tinto Co Ltd [1918] …. 20-25, 21-04 Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Harper’s Garage (Stourport) Ltd [1968] …. 34-28 —v Mardon [1976] …. 23-16 Esso Petroleum Ltd v Commissioners of Customs and Excise [1976] …. 5-07, 707 Etablissements Chainbaux SARL v Harbormaster Ltd [1955] …. 19-13 Etna v Arif [1999] …. 8-15 Ettridge v Vermin Board of Murat Bay [1928] …. 31-01 Evans (J) & Son (Portsmouth) Ltd v Andrea Merzario Ltd [1976] …. 10-15, 11-26 Evans Marshall & Co Ltd v Bertola SA [1973] …. 29-11, 29-12 Falck v Williams [1900] …. 10-05 Falko v James McEwan & Co Pty Ltd [1977] …. 27-41 Farmer v Honan (1919) …. 10-22 Farmers’ Mercantile Union & Chaff Mills Ltd v Coade (1921) …. 2-12 Federal Commerce and Navigation Co Ltd v Molena Alpha Inc [1979] …. 17-29, 18-08, 18-18, 18-19, 18-21 Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Sara Lee Household & Body Care (Australia) Pty Ltd (2000) …. 22-05 Fehlberg v Stanton [1960] …. 30-09 Felthouse v Bindley (1862) …. 2-28

Ferguson, Re (1969) …. 34-42 Fibrosa Spolka Akcyjna v Fairbairn Lawson Combe Barbour Ltd [1943] …. 20-17, 30-09, 30-22, 30-26 Finch v Sayers [1976] …. 20-11, 21-03 Fink v Fink (1946) …. 27-50 Firth v Halloran (1926) …. 20-23 Fisher v Brooker [2009] …. 12-14 Fitzgerald v F J Leonhardt Pty Ltd (1997) …. 34-19, 34-36, 34-42 —v Masters (1956) …. 4-10, 4-17, 4-19, 29-15 Flamingo Park Pty Ltd v Dolly Dolly Creation Pty Ltd (1986) …. 28-19 Foakes v Beer (1884) …. 3-24 Foley v Classique Coaches Ltd [1934] …. 4-15 Fong v Cilli (1968) …. 2-16 Foran v Wight (1989) …. 18-13, 18-14, 18-22, 18-25, 19-12 Ford (by his tutor Watkinson) v Perpetual Trustees Victoria Ltd (2009) …. 1223, 26-16 Francis v Lyon (1907) …. 10-04 Freeth v Burr (1874) …. 18-17 Frost v Aylesbury Dairy Co Ltd [1905] …. 15-14 —v Knight (1872) …. 18-13, 18-16 Fry v Lane (1888) …. 26-04 Fuller v Happy Shopper Markets Ltd [2001] …. 30-06 Fullers’ Theatres Ltd v Musgrove (1923) …. 29-15 Gamerco SA v ICM/Fair Warning (Agency) Ltd [1995] …. 20-17 Garcia v National Australia Bank Ltd (1998) …. 25-23, 25-24 Gates v City Mutual Life Assurance Society Ltd (1986) …. 28-04, 28-06, 28-18 Geipel v Smith (1872) …. 19-12 Gelling v Crespin (1917) …. 20-13 Gemmell Power Farming Co Ltd v Nies (1935) …. 8-16 General Billposting Co Ltd v Atkinson [1909] …. 21-09 George v Greater Adelaide Land Development Co Ltd (1929) …. 34-06, 34-08, 34-39 —v Roach (1942) …. 30-10 George Wills & Co Ltd v Davids Pty Ltd (1957) …. 8-14 Geraghty v Minter (1979) …. 34-29, 34-30, 34-32 Geraldton Building Co Pty Ltd v Christmas Island Resort Pty Ltd (1992) …. 31-

01 Gerraty v McGavin (1914) …. 2-10 Gibbons v Wright (1954) …. 12-21, 12-22 Gibbons Holdings Ltd v Wholesale Distributors Ltd [2008] …. 10-31 Gibson v Manchester City Council [1979] …. 2-20, 2-35 Gilbert-Ash (Northern) Ltd v Modern Engineering (Bristol) Ltd [1974] …. 1414 Giles v Thompson [1994] …. 34-26 Giliberto v Kenny (1983) …. 10-29, 12-03 Gillespie Bros & Co v Cheney Eggar & Co [1896] …. 10-32 Giumelli v Giumelli (1999) …. 6-18 Glasbrook Bros Ltd v Glamorgan CC [1925] …. 3-16 Glebe Island Terminals Pty Ltd v Continental Seagram Pty Ltd (The Antwerpen) (1993) …. 11-15 Glencore Grain Rotterdam BV v Lebanese Organisation for International Commerce [1997] …. 33-23 Gloucestershire County Council v Richardson [1969] …. 8-10 Glynn v Margetson & Co [1893] …. 11-16 Godecke v Kirwan (1973) …. 4-15 Golden Strait Corp v Nippon Yusen Kubishika Kaisha (The Golden Victory) [2007] …. 31-06 Goldsbrough Mort & Co Ltd v Carter (1914) …. 21-04 —v Quinn (1910) …. 2-10, 29-16 Gollin & Co Ltd v Karenlee Nominees Pty Ltd (1983) …. 19-10 Gould v Vaggelas (1984) …. 23-11, 28-04, 28-06, 28-07 Government of Newfoundland v Newfoundland Railway Co (1888) …. 14-15 GPG (Australia Trading) Pty Ltd v GIO Australia Holdings Ltd (2001) …. 26-10 Graham v Freer (1980) …. 23-19 —v Pitkin [1992] …. 4-28 Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Ltd [1936] …. 8-14, 13-03 Great Northern Railway Co v Witham (1873) …. 2-36 Great Peace Shipping Ltd v Tsavliris Salvage (International) Ltd [2003] …. 2404, 24-08 Great Western Railway v Bristol Corporation (1918) …. 10-25 Greaves & Co (Contractors) Ltd v Baynham Meikle & Partners [1975] …. 1513 Green v Sevin (1879) …. 19-16

Gullett v Gardner (1948) …. 8-03 Gumland Property Holdings Pty Ltd v Duffy Bros Fruit Market (Campbelltown) Pty Ltd (2008) …. 31-05 Guy-Pell v Foster [1930] …. 17-14 Hadley v Baxendale (1854) …. 27-23, 27-24, 27-25, 27-27 Halkett v Earl of Dudley [1907] …. 29-18 Hall v Busst (1960) …. 4-11 Hamilton v Lethbridge (1912) …. 12-13, 12-14 Hammer v Coca-Cola [1962] …. 18-17 Harbutt’s ‘Plasticine’ Ltd v Wayne Tank and Pump Co Ltd [1970] …. 27-47 Hardwick Game Farm v Suffolk Agricultural Poultry Producers Association [1966] …. 9-02 Hare v Nicoll [1966] …. 19-07 Hart v MacDonald (1910) …. 8-01, 8-04, 8-15, 15-06 —v O’Connor [1985] …. 12-23 Harvela Investments Ltd v Royal Trust Co of Canada (CI) Ltd [1986] …. 6-19 Harvey v Edwards Dunlop & Co Ltd (1927) …. 35-15, 35-17 Hatcher v White (1953) …. 34-43 Haugesund Kommune v Depfa ACS Bank (Wikborg Rein & Co Part 20 defendant) [2012] …. 12-04 Hawker Pacific Pty Ltd v Helicopter Charter Pty Ltd (1991) …. 25-11, 25-14 Hawkins v Clayton (1988) …. 8-05 Healing Sales Pty Ltd v Inglis Electrix Pty Ltd (1968) …. 1-34 Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd [1964] …. 6-22, 23-15, 28-20 Heine Bros (Aust) Pty Ltd v Forrest [1963] …. 29-17 Heisler v Anglo-Dal Ltd [1954] …. 33-15 Helicopter Sales (Australia) Pty Ltd v Rotor-Work Pty Ltd (1974) …. 8-10 Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd [1995] …. 8-08, 23-17 Henjo Investments Pty Ltd v Collins Marrickville Pty Ltd (1988) …. 23-27 Henry Kendall & Sons v William Lillico & Sons Ltd [1969] …. 9-12, 9-13 Henthorn v Fraser [1892] …. 2-30 Herbert Clayton and Jack Waller Ltd v Oliver [1930] …. 27-43 Herbert Morris Ltd v Saxelby [1916] …. 34-29 Hercules Motors Pty Ltd v Schubert (1953) …. 7-15 Herne Bay Steam Boat Co v Hutton [1903] …. 20-20 Hewett v Court (1983) …. 29-06

Hewitt v Debus (2004) …. 19-07 Heyman v Darwins Ltd [1942] …. 21-09 Heywood v Wellers [1976] …. 27-43 HIH Casualty and General Insurance Ltd v Chase Manhattan Bank [2003] …. 11-21, 28-21 Hill v C A Parsons & Co Ltd [1972] …. 29-17 Hill (D J) & Co Pty Ltd v Walter H Wright Pty Ltd [1971] …. 9-13 Himbleton Pty Ltd v Kumagai (NSW) Pty Ltd (1991) …. 4-15 Hirji Mulji v Cheong Yue SS Co Ltd [1926] …. 20-30 Hirsch v Zinc Corp Ltd (1917) …. 21-02, 21-04, 31-14, 34-18 Hobbs v London and South Western Railway Co (1875) …. 27-41 —v Petersham Transport Co Pty Ltd (1971) …. 15-18 Hochster v De la Tour (1853) …. 1-19, 18-07 Hoenig v Isaacs [1952] …. 14-18, 14-21 Hoffman; Ex parte Worrell v Schilling, Re (1989) …. 33-19 Hoffman v Cali [1985] …. 27-40 Holland v Wiltshire (1954) …. 19-07 Hollier v Rambler Motors (AMC) Ltd [1972] …. 9-13 Holloway v Witham (1990) …. 28-19 Holman v Johnson (1775) …. 34-36, 34-41 Holmes v Jones (1907) …. 23-11, 23-18, 27-14, 28-05 Holt v Biroka Pty Ltd (1988) …. 28-19 Holwell Securities Ltd v Hughes [1974] …. 2-30 Home Counties Dairies Ltd v Skilton [1970] …. 34-31 Hong Guan & Co Ltd v R Jumabhoy & Sons Ltd [1960] …. 20-05 Hongkong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd [1962] …. 16-13, 16-27, 17-15, 17-17, 17-21, 17-25, 17-26, 17-29, 19-03 Hoobin, Re [1957] …. 30-14 Hooper Bailie Associated Ltd v Natcon Group Pty Ltd (1992) …. 4-12 Hope v RCA Photophone of Australia Pty Ltd (1937) …. 10-14, 10-28 Hospital Products Ltd v United States Surgical Corp (1984) …. 7-11 Hounslow London Borough Council v Twickenham Garden Developments Ltd [1971] …. 27-37 Household Fire and Carriage Accident Insurance Co Ltd v Grant (1879) …. 2-29 Howard v Pickford Tool Co Ltd [1951] …. 18-12 Howard Smith & Co Ltd v Varawa (1907) …. 10-17 Howe v Smith (1884) …. 30-14

—v Teefy (1927) …. 27-50 Hoyt’s Pty Ltd v Spencer (1919) …. 7-14, 10-10, 10-16, 10-19 Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co (1877) …. 6-15 Hughes Aircraft Systems International v Airservices Australia (1997) …. 6-19, 623 Huppert v Stock Options of Australia Pty Ltd (1965) …. 18-10 Hussey v Eels [1990] …. 28-12 Hyatt Australia Ltd v LTCB Australia Ltd [1996] …. 13-10 Hyde v Wrench (1840) …. 2-19 Hyundai Heavy Industries Co Ltd v Papadopoulos [1980] …. 31-12 I & L Securities Pty Ltd v HTW Valuers (Brisbane) Pty Ltd (2002) …. 23-30 Iannotti v Corsaro (1984) …. 34-07 ICT Pty Ltd v Sea Containers Ltd (1995) …. 29-09 Immer (No 145) Pty Ltd v Uniting Church in Australia Property Trust (NSW) (1993) …. 33-10 Inglis v John Buttery & Co (1878) …. 10-24 Ingram v Little [1961] …. 24-16 Insight Vacations Pty Ltd v Young (2011) …. 11-13 Integrated Computer Services Pty Ltd v Digital Equipment Corp (Aust) Pty Ltd (1988) …. 4-06 Integrated Lighting & Ceilings Pty Ltd v Philips Electrical Pty Ltd (1969) …. 225 Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd [1989] …. 9-10 Investors Compensation Scheme Ltd v West Bromwich Building Society [1998] …. 10-06, 10-25 Ireland v Leigh [1982] …. 14-09 Isabella Shipowner SA v Shagang Shipping Co Ltd (The Aquafaith) [2012] …. 27-38 Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines v Steamship Mutual Underwriting Association (Bermuda) Ltd [2011] …. 20-09 Ison v Australian Wheat Board (1967) …. 34-40 J & S Holdings Pty Ltd v NRMA Insurance Ltd (1982) …. 25-08 Jackson v Union Marine Insurance Co Ltd (1874) …. 20-14, 20-16 Jacob & Youngs Inc v Kent 129 NE 889 (1921) …. 14-21 Jarvis v Swans Tours Ltd [1973] …. 27-44

Jobson v Johnson [1989] …. 27-55 John McGrath Motors (Canberra) Pty Ltd v Applebee (1964) …. 23-14 Johnson v Agnew [1980] …. 16-06, 21-01, 21-05, 27-39, 33-08 —v Buttress (1936) …. 25-19, 25-20, 25-22 Jones v Bartlett (2000) …. 13-10 —v Dumbrell [1981] …. 23-09 —v Padavatton [1969] …. 5-08 Joscelyne v Nissen [1970] …. 24-22 Joseph Constantine SS Line Ltd v Imperial Smelting Corp Ltd [1942] …. 20-04, 20-27 Kakavas v Crown Melbourne Ltd (2013) …. 26-06, 26-10 Kamil Export (Aust) Pty Ltd v NPL (Australia) Pty Ltd (1993) [1996] …. 11-14 Kaufman v Gerson [1904] …. 25-07 Kennedy v Panama New Zealand and Australian Royal Mail Co Ltd (1867) …. 23-02, 24-08 Kenny & Good Pty Ltd v MGICA (1992) Ltd (1999) …. 28-19 Kerridge v Simmonds (1906) …. 34-25 Khaled v Athanas Bros (Aden) Ltd (1967) …. 2-14 Khoury v Government Insurance Office of New South Wales (1984) …. 33-19 King’s Norton Metal Co Ltd v Edridge Merrett & Co Ltd (1897) …. 24-15 Kingston v Preston (1773) …. 14-05 Kiriri Cotton Co Ltd v Dewani [1960] …. 34-45 Kitchen (J) & Sons Pty Ltd v Stewart’s Cash & Carry Stores (1942) …. 10-07 Kitching v Phillips (2011) …. 7-14 Kizbeau Pty Ltd v WG & B Pty Ltd (1995) …. 23-26, 28-17, 28-18 Kleinwort Benson Ltd v Malaysia Mining Corp Berhad [1989] …. 7-08 Kodros Shipping Corp of Monrovia v Empresa Cubana de Fletes (The Evia) (No 2) [1983] …. 20-07, 20-16 Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine Pty Ltd (2007) …. 10-24, 16-13, 16-27, 17-25, 17-28, 18-05 Koufos v C Czarnikow Ltd [1969] …. 27-25, 27-26 Krakowski v Eurolynx Properties Ltd (1995) …. 23-08 Krell v Henry [1903] …. 20-19, 20-20 Laird v Pim (1841) …. 31-11 Lalor v Winfield [1925] …. 35-15

Larkin v Girvan (1940) …. 3-21 Larking v Great Western (Nepean) Gravel Ltd (1940) …. 33-21 Larratt v Bankers and Traders Insurance Co Ltd (1941) …. 18-15, 33-11 Laurinda Pty Ltd v Capalaba Park Shopping Centre Pty Ltd (1989) …. 18-17, 1912 Lauritzen (J) AS v Wijsmuller BV (The Super Servant Two) [1990] …. 20-27 Lavarack v Woods of Colchester Ltd [1967] …. 27-32 Laybutt v Amoco Australia Pty Ltd (1974) …. 2-18 Le Mans Grand Prix Circuits Pty Ltd v Iliadis [1998] …. 9-05 Leaf v International Galleries [1950] …. 7-11, 23-19 Leason Pty Ltd v Princes Farm Pty Ltd [1983] …. 23-19 Legione v Hateley (1983) …. 6-11, 17-06, 29-14, 32-10, 33-31 Lennon v Scarlett & Co (1921) …. 4-26 L’Estrange v F Graucob Ltd [1934] …. 9-04 Lewis v Averay [1972] …. 24-16, 33-33 Lewis Construction Co Pty Ltd v M Tichauer Societe Anonyme [1966] …. 2-29 Lexane Pty Ltd v Highfern Pty Ltd [1985] …. 30-13 Lexmead (Basingstoke) Ltd v Lewis [1982] …. 7-06, 27-22 Life Insurance Co of Australia Ltd v Phillips (1925) …. 4-19, 10-06 Linden Gardens Trust Ltd v Lenesta Sludge Disposals Ltd [1994] …. 13-08 Lindner v Murdock’s Garage (1950) …. 34-29, 34-32 Liverpool City Council v Irwin [1977] …. 8-09, 10-32 Lloyds Bank Ltd v Bundy [1975] …. 25-19, 26-06 Lock v Bell [1931] …. 19-10 Lock (S H) (Australia) Ltd v Kennedy (1988) …. 26-19 Lockie v Walter Reid & Co Ltd [1916] …. 22-08 Lombok Pty Ltd v Supetina Pty Ltd (1987) …. 22-07 Lord Elphinstone v Monkland Iron and Coal Co (1886) …. 27-54 Louinder v Leis (1982) …. 19-10, 19-16, 19-17, 19-18 Louth v Diprose (1992) …. 25-19, 26-01, 26-04 Lovell & Christmas v Beauchamp [1894] …. 12-14 Lucke v Cleary (2011) …. 4-23 Lucy v The Commonwealth (1923) …. 27-32 Lumbers v W Cook Builders Pty Ltd (in liq) (2008) …. 30-06 Lumley v Gye (1853) …. 29-17 —v Wagner (1852) …. 29-17 Luna Park (NSW) Ltd v Tramways Advertising Pty Ltd (1938) …. 16-15, 17-

12, 18-21, 27-10 Luxor (Eastbourne) Ltd v Cooper [1941] …. 8-03 MacAndrew v Chapple (1866) …. 19-12 McCarthy Bros (Milk Vendors) Pty Ltd v Dairy Farmers’ Co-operative Milk Co Ltd (1945) …. 34-20 McDermott v Black (1940) …. 3-27, 4-09 McDonald v Dennys Lascelles Ltd (1933) …. 14-15, 16-06, 21-01, 21-04, 21-05, 30-12, 30-13, 31-10, 31-11, 31-12 Macdonald v Longbottom (1860) …. 10-26 McDougall v Aeromarine of Emsworth Ltd [1958] …. 19-10 McFarlane v Daniell (1938) …. 34-47 Mackay v Dick (1881) …. 14-12 McKay v National Australia Bank Ltd [1998] …. 3-28 Mackenzie v Royal Bank of Canada [1934] …. 23-10 McLaughlin v Darcy (1918) …. 12-10 McNally v Waitzer [1981] …. 19-16 McRae v Commonwealth Disposals Commission (1951) …. 11-12, 15-02, 1510, 24-07, 27-16, 27-17, 27-18, 27-49, 32-05 MacRobertson Miller Airline Services v Commissioner of State Taxation (WA) (1975) …. 2-43, 9-10 Maggbury Pty Ltd v Hafele Australia Pty Ltd (2001) …. 10-07, 34-28 Mahmoud and Ispahani, Re [1921] …. 34-09, 34-36 Mahoney v Lindsay (1980) …. 18-14 Maiden v Maiden (1909) …. 29-02 Mainteck Services Pty Ltd v Stein Heurtey SA (2014) …. 10-25 Mallinson v Scottish Australian Investment Co Ltd (1920) …. 14-23 Manifest Shipping Co Ltd v Uni-Polaris Shipping Co Ltd [2003] …. 21-02 Mannai Investment Co Ltd v Eagle Star Life Assurance Co Ltd [1997] …. 10-01 Manufacturers’ Mutual Insurance Ltd v John H Boardman Insurance Brokers Pty Ltd (1994) …. 2-25 Maple Flock Co Ltd v Universal Furniture Products (Wembley) Ltd [1934] …. 18-17, 18-24 Maralinga Pty Ltd v Major Enterprises Pty Ltd (1973) …. 24-22 March v E & M H Stramare Pty Ltd (1991) …. 27-21, 28-03 Mardorf Peach & Co Ltd v Attica Sea Carriers Corp of Liberia [1977] …. 32-15 Maredelanto Compania Naviera SA v Bergbau-Handel GmbH (The Mihalis

Angelos) [1971] …. 16-18, 17-10, 18-24, 31-06 Marek v Australasian Conference Association Pty Ltd (1990) [1994] …. 4-24 Maritime National Fish Ltd v Ocean Trawlers Ltd [1935] …. 20-26 Marks v GIO Australia Holdings Ltd (1998) …. 23-23, 23-30, 28-17, 28-18 —v Jolly (1938) …. 34-44 Marquett v Walsh (1929) …. 34-50 Martin v Hogan (1917) …. 27-37 Mason v Provident Clothing and Supply Co Ltd [1913] …. 34-50 Masters v Cameron (1954) …. 4-12, 4-23, 4-24, 30-10 Matthes v Carter (1955) …. 35-21 Maxitherm Boilers Pty Ltd v Pacific Dunlop Ltd [1998] …. 9-10 May and Butcher Ltd v R (1929) [1934] …. 4-07, 4-15 Maybury v Atlantic Union Oil Co Ltd (1953) …. 7-14, 8-15 Mears v Safecar Security Ltd [1983] …. 10-32 Measures Bros Ltd v Measures [1910] …. 29-03 Meehan v Jones (1982) …. 4-06, 4-09, 4-15, 4-20, 4-27, 4-28, 4-29 Mehmet v Benson (1965) …. 19-09, 29-14 Melachrino v Nickoll [1920] …. 27-40 Mendelssohn v Normand Ltd [1970] …. 11-26 Meriton Apartments Pty Ltd v McLaurin & Tait (Developments) Pty Ltd (1976) …. 20-22 Mersey Steel & Iron Co Ltd v Naylor Benzon & Co (1884) …. 18-18 Metropolitan Health Service Board v Australian Nursing Federation (2000) …. 34-23 Metropolitan Water Board v Dick Kerr & Co Ltd [1918] …. 20-18, 20-25 Millars’ Karri and Jarrah Co (1902) v Weddel Turner & Co (1908) …. 18-24 Miller v Miller (2011) …. 34-01 Miller & Associates Insurance Broking Pty Ltd v BMW Australia Finance Ltd (2010) …. 23-27 Millett v Van Heek & Co [1920] …. 27-40 Milne v A-G for the State of Tasmania (1956) …. 5-08 —v Municipal Council of Sydney (1912) …. 2-37 Mobil Oil Australia Ltd v Lyndel Nominees Pty Ltd (1998) …. 2-41 Molton v Camroux (1848) …. 12-20 Monarch SS Co Ltd v A/B Karlshamns Oljefabriker [1949] …. 31-06 Money v Money (No 2) [1966] …. 34-42 Mooney v Williams (1905) …. 2-25

Morris v Baron & Co [1918] …. 35-24 Moschi v Lep Air Services Ltd [1973] …. 1-20 Motor Oil Hellas (Corinth) Refineries SA v Shipping Corp of India (The Kanchenjunga) [1990] …. 14-09 Murphy v Overton Investments Pty Ltd (2004) …. 28-17 Musumeci v Winadell Pty Ltd (1994) …. 3-21, 35-02 Mutual Life & Citizens’ Assurance Co Ltd v Evatt (1968) …. 23-17 MYT Engineering Pty Ltd v Mulcon Pty Ltd (1999) …. 12-28 Narich Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Pay-Roll Tax [1983] …. 10-17 Nash v Inman [1908] …. 12-10 National Australia Bank Ltd v Pollak (2001) …. 3-27 National Carriers Ltd v Panalpina (Northern) Ltd [1981] …. 20-23, 20-31 National Westminster Bank Plc v Morgan [1985] …. 26-06 Naxakis v Western General Hospital (1999) …. 28-19 Neal v Ayers (1940) …. 28-12, 34-20 Neeta (Epping) Pty Ltd v Phillips (1974) …. 19-16 Nelson v Nelson (1995) …. 34-36, 34-42, 34-43 Nemeth v Bayswater Road Pty Ltd [1988] …. 7-10 New South Wales v Bardolph (1934) …. 12-31, 12-32 New Zealand Shipping Co Ltd v A M Satterthwaite & Co Ltd [1975] …. 3-04, 323, 13-07 Newcastle District Fishermen’s Co-operative Society v Neal (1950) …. 34-38 Nguyen v Taylor (1992) …. 26-19 NIAA Corp Ltd, Re (1993) …. 2-28, 20-24 Nicholls v Stanton (1915) …. 34-19 Nichols v Raynbred (1615) …. 1-36 Nicolene Ltd v Simmonds [1953] …. 4-18 Niesmann v Collingridge (1921) …. 4-25 Nissho Iwai Australia Ltd v Malaysian International Shipping Corp Berhad (1989) …. 11-16 NLS Pty Ltd v Hughes (1966) …. 27-56 Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co Ltd [1894] …. 3429, 34-32, 34-50 Normoyle (F & D) Pty Ltd v Transfield Pty Ltd t/a Transfield Bouygues Joint Venture (2005) …. 11-24 North Ocean Shipping Co Ltd v Hyundai Construction Co Ltd (The Atlantic

Baron) [1979] …. 3-22, 25-13, 25-14 Northside Developments Pty Ltd v Registrar-General (1990) …. 12-28 Norton v Angus (1926) …. 29-18 NSW Leather Co Pty Ltd v Vanguard Insurance Co Ltd (1991) …. 9-13 NSW Medical Defence Union Ltd v Transport Industries Insurance Co Ltd (1986) …. 24-22 O’Brien v Australia and New Zealand Bank Ltd (1971) …. 24-20 Ocean Tramp Tankers Corp v V/O Sovfracht (The Eugenia) [1964] …. 20-24 Oceanic Sun Line Special Shipping Co Inc v Fay (1988) …. 9-08, 9-11, 34-22 O’Dea v Allstates Leasing System (WA) Pty Ltd (1983) …. 27-54, 27-55 Official Receiver v Feldman (1972) …. 33-19 Ogle v Comboyuro Investments Pty Ltd (1976) …. 33-08 Olley v Marlborough Court Ltd [1949] …. 9-08 On Demand Information Plc v Michael Gerson (Finance) Plc [2003] …. 33-32 Orton v Melman [1981] …. 34-53 Oscar Chess Ltd v Williams [1957] …. 7-11 O’Sullivan v Management Agency and Music Ltd [1985] …. 25-19, 25-22 —v O’Leary [1955] …. 14-21 Paal Wilson & Co A/S v Partenreederei Hannah Blumenthal [1983] …. 22-07 Pacific Carriers Ltd v BNP Paribas (2004) …. 10-25 Page One Records v Britton (trading as ‘The Troggs’) [1967] …. 29-17 Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1980] …. 25-09, 25-12 Papastravou v Gavan [1968] …. 34-30, 34-49, 34-53 Paradine v Jane (1647) …. 20-04 Parker v South Eastern Railway Co (1877) …. 9-10 Parkin v Thorold (1852) …. 19-05 Parsons (H) (Livestock) Ltd v Uttley Ingham & Co [1978] …. 27-26 Patrick Stevedores Operations No 2 Pty Ltd v Maritime Union of Australia (1998) …. 29-18 Pavey & Matthews Pty Ltd v Paul (1987) …. 30-05, 30-06, 30-07, 30-17, 30-19, 35-21 Payne v Cave (1789) …. 2-42 —v McDonald (1908) …. 34-44 Payzu Ltd v Saunders [1919] …. 27-33 Pearce v Brooks (1866) …. 34-18

Pearson (S) & Son Ltd v Dublin Corporation [1907] …. 11-05, 28-21 Pedashenko v Blacktown City Council (1996) …. 23-09 Pennsylvania Shipping Co v Compagnie Nationale de Navigation [1936] …. 3335 Percy v Board of National Mission of the Church of Scotland [2006] …. 5-09 Permanent Trustee Australia Co Ltd v FAI General Insurance Co Ltd (in liq) (2003) …. 23-13 Perri v Coolangatta Investments Pty Ltd (1982) …. 4-27, 15-09 Personal Representatives of Tang Man Sit v Capacious Investments Ltd [1996] …. 28-08, 33-08 Petelin v Cullen (1975) …. 24-20 Peter Turnbull & Co Pty Ltd v Mundus Trading Co (Australasia) Pty Ltd (1954) …. 18-04, 18-10, 18-13, 18-14 Peters American Delicacy Co Ltd v Champion (1928) …. 8-02 —v Patricia’s Chocolates and Candies Pty Ltd (1947) …. 34-30 Peyman v Lanjani [1985] …. 33-19 PGA v R (2012) …. 1-09 Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd [1953] …. 2-07 Phibro Energy AG v Nissho Iwai Corp (The Honam Jade) [1991] …. 19-14 Phibro Energy Inc v Coastal (Bermuda) Ltd (The Aragon) (1987) [1991] …. 1911 Phillips v Brooks Ltd [1919] …. 24-16 —v Ellinson Bros Pty Ltd (1941) …. 35-25 Photo Production Ltd v Securicor Transport Ltd [1980] …. 11-03, 11-10, 1111, 11-13, 11-17, 11-18, 16-06, 27-47 Pianta v National Finance & Trustees Ltd (1964) …. 29-06 Pico Holdings Inc v Wave Vistas Pty Ltd (formerly Turf Club Australia Pty Ltd) (2005) …. 3-11 Pigram v Attorney-General (NSW) (1975) …. 27-56 Pinnel’s Case (1602) …. 3-24 Pirie v Saunders (1961) …. 35-15, 35-16 Pitt v Curotta (1931) …. 30-13 Placer Development Ltd v The Commonwealth (1969) …. 3-32 Plaimar Ltd v Waters Trading Co Ltd (1945) …. 20-05 Planché v Colburn (1831) …. 30-20 Platform Funding Ltd v Bank of Scotland Plc (formerly Halifax Plc) [2009] ….

15-20 Popiw v Popiw [1959] …. 3-16, 3-29, 35-15 Pordage v Cole (1669) …. 14-05 Postlethwaite v Freeland (1880) …. 15-09 Potts v Miller (1940) …. 28-04 PRA Electrical Pty Ltd v Perseverance Exploration Pty Ltd (2007) …. 4-24 Prenn v Simmonds [1971] …. 10-07, 10-08, 10-12, 10-23, 10-24, 10-25, 10-30 Price v Strange [1978] …. 29-18 Price Higgins & Fidge v Drysdale [1996] …. 27-49 Proform Sports Management Ltd v Proactive Sports Management Ltd [2007] …. 12-10 Progress and Properties (Strathfield) Pty Ltd v Crumblin (1984) …. 4-28 Progressive Mailing House Pty Ltd v Tabali Pty Ltd (1985) …. 20-23, 31-05 Psaltis v Schultz (1948) …. 18-16, 34-18 Pukallus v Cameron (1982) …. 10-20, 24-21, 24-22 Pym v Campbell (1856) …. 10-18 Queensland Co-operative Milling Association Ltd v Pamag Pty Ltd (1973) …. 34-31 Quin v Mutual Acceptance Co Ltd [1968] …. 34-37 Quinn v Burch Bros (Builders) Ltd [1966] …. 27-22 R v Clarke (1927) …. 2-39, 2-40 Radford v De Froberville [1977] …. 27-39, 27-47 Raffles v Wichelhouse (1864) …. 10-28, 24-10 Raineri v Miles [1981] …. 19-04 Rainy Sky SA v Kookmin Bank [2011] …. 10-07 Rawson v Hobbs (1961) …. 18-25 Reardon Smith Line Ltd v Yngvar Hansen-Tangen [1976] …. 10-24, 10-25, 1026, 17-14 Redgrave v Hurd (1881) …. 23-18 Redmond v Wynne (1892) …. 1-21 Reese Bros Plastics Ltd v Hamon-Sobelco Australia Pty Ltd (1988) …. 2-33 Reg Glass Pty Ltd v Rivers Locking Systems Pty Ltd (1968) …. 8-08, 15-14, 2721 Regent v Millett (1976) …. 35-20 Renard Constructions (ME) Pty Ltd v Minister for Public Works (1992) …. 30-

20, 33-24 Ricochet Pty Ltd v Equity Trustees Executors and Agency Co Ltd (1993) …. 2327 Ringrow Pty Ltd v BP Australia Pty Ltd (2005) …. 27-55 Riverlate Properties Ltd v Paul [1975] …. 24-23 Roach v Bickle (1915) …. 4-22 Roadshow Entertainment Pty Ltd v ACN 053 006 269 Pty Ltd (1997) …. 33-23 Robertson v Wilson (1958) …. 20-23 Robinson v Davison (1871) …. 21-03 —v Graves [1935] …. 35-13 —v Harman (1848) …. 27-14 Robophone Facilities Ltd v Blank [1966] …. 27-27, 27-53, 27-54 Rogers v Whitaker (1992) …. 8-08, 15-17 Rose & Frank Co v J R Crompton & Bros Ltd [1923] …. 5-06, 34-22 Ross v Allis-Chalmers Pty Ltd (1980) …. 7-13 Ross T Smyth & Co Ltd v T D Bailey Son & Co [1940] …. 18-15 Roufos v Brewster (1971) …. 5-08 Roxborough v Rothmans of Pall Mall Australia Ltd (2001) …. 30-04, 30-09 Royal Bank of Scotland v Etridge (No 2) [2002] …. 25-18 Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust v South Sydney City Council (2002) …. 10-25, 10-27, 10-30, 11-15 Royscot Trust Ltd v Rogerson [1991] …. 28-14 RTS Flexible Systems Ltd v Molkerei Alois Müller GmbH & Co KG (UK Production) [2010] …. 4-24 Ruxley Electronics and Constructions Ltd v Forsyth [1996] …. 27-47 Ryder v Taylor (1935) …. 13-09 Ryledar Pty Ltd v Euphoric Pty Ltd (2007) …. 6-08 S & E Promotions Pty Ltd v Tobin Bros Pty Ltd (1994) …. 4-10, 6-18 S & I Publishing Pty Ltd v Australian Surf Life Saver Pty Ltd (1998) …. 23-26, 23-27 Sabemo Pty Ltd v North Sydney Municipal Council [1977] …. 30-18 Saffron v Société Minière Cafrika (1958) …. 14-10 St John Shipping Corp v Joseph Rank Ltd [1957] …. 34-06, 34-15, 34-20 Samarenko v Dawn Hill House Ltd [2013] …. 19-18 Samos Shipping Enterprises Ltd v Eckhardt & Co KG (The Nissos Samos) [1985] …. 4-24

Sanderson Motors (Sales) Pty Ltd v Yorkstar Motors Pty Ltd [1983] …. 29-03, 29-11 Sargent v ASL Developments Ltd (1974) …. 32-11, 33-18, 33-19 Satellite Estate Pty Ltd v Jaquet (1968) …. 19-12 Saunders v Anglia Building Society [1971] …. 24-20 Savage (J J) & Sons Pty Ltd v Blakney (1970) …. 7-10, 7-13, 7-14 Scaffidi v Perpetual Trustees Victoria Ltd (2011) …. 3-27 Scammell (G) & Nephew Ltd v Ouston [1941] …. 4-14, 4-18 Scanlan’s New Neon Ltd v Tooheys Ltd (1943) …. 20-09, 20-17, 20-19, 20-20, 20-26 Schenker & Co (Aust) Pty Ltd v Maplas Equipment and Services Pty Ltd [1990] …. 11-24 Schroeder (A) Music Publishing Co Ltd v Macaulay [1974] …. 34-30 Schuler (L) AG v Wickman Machine Tool Sales Ltd [1974] …. 10-31, 16-15, 1702, 17-07, 17-12, 17-15 Scotson v Pegg (1861) …. 13-07 Scott v Avery (1856) …. 34-22 Seadrill Management Services Ltd v OAO Gazprom (The Ekha) [2010] …. 17-22 Secured Income Real Estate (Australia) Ltd v St Martins Investments Pty Ltd (1979) …. 8-02, 10-12, 14-12 Seddon v North Eastern Salt Co Ltd [1905] …. 33-34 Selectmove Ltd, Re [1995] …. 2-28, 3-25 Sellars v Adelaide Petroleum NL (1994) …. 6-20, 27-48, 27-50, 28-19 Sempra Metals Ltd (formerly Metallgesellschaft Ltd) v Inland Revenue Commissioners [2008] …. 30-04, 30-06 Seppelt (B) & Sons Ltd v Commissioner for Main Roads (1975) …. 10-18 Service Station Association Ltd v Berg Bennett & Associates Pty Ltd (1993) …. 14-12 Shaddock (L) & Associates Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council (1981) …. 23-17 Sharp v Thomson (1915) …. 24-10 Shaw v Ball (1962) …. 30-09 Shears v Chisholm [1994] …. 23-27 Shepherd v Felt and Textiles of Australia Ltd (1931) …. 17-18, 33-15 Shepherd (F C) & Co Ltd v Jerrom [1987] …. 20-08 Shepperd v Ryde Corporation (1952) …. 7-14 Shevill v Builders Licensing Board (1982) …. 17-25, 31-05 Shiloh Spinners Ltd v Harding [1973] …. 33-30

Shindler v Northern Raincoat Co Ltd [1960] …. 27-33 Shogun Finance Ltd v Hudson [2004] …. 24-15, 24-16 Sibley v Grosvenor (1916) …. 28-08 Sidhu v Van Dyke (2014) …. 6-18, 23-11 Simmons Ltd v Hay (1964) …. 20-11, 20-24 Simons v Zartom Investments Pty Ltd [1975] …. 33-35 Simpson v Surman (1922) …. 18-17 Singh v Ali [1960] …. 34-38 Slee v Warke (1949) …. 29-16 Smith v Chadwick (1882) …. 23-11 —v Hughes (1871) …. 24-17, 24-18 —v Land and House Property Corp (1885) …. 23-12 —v South Wales Switchgear Co Ltd [1978] …. 11-21 —v Welden (1922) …. 8-08 Smith New Court Securities Ltd v Citibank NA [1997] …. 27-39, 28-04, 28-12 Smythe v Thomas (2007) …. 2-42 Snarski & Snarski v Barbarich [1969] …. 28-21 Solle v Butcher [1950] …. 24-08 Sopov v Kane Constructions Pty Ltd (No 2) (2009) …. 30-20 Sotiros Shipping Inc v Sameiet Solholt (The Solholt) [1983] …. 27-33 South Australia v Johnson (1982) …. 28-04 South Australia Asset Management Corp v York Montague Ltd [1997] …. 28-04, 28-06 South Australian Cold Stores Ltd v Electricity Trust of South Australia (1965) …. 34-45 South Australian Railways Commissioner v Egan (1973) …. 26-02, 34-22 Spettabile Consorzio Veneziano di Armamento e Navigazione v Northumberland Shipbuilding Co Ltd (1919) …. 18-17 Sport International Bussum BV v Inter-Footwear Ltd [1984] …. 33-30 Spurling (J) Ltd v Bradshaw [1956] …. 9-05 Standard Chartered Bank v Pakistan National Shipping Corp (Nos 2 and 4) [2003] …. 28-11 Stanton v Richardson (1872) …. 19-13 State of Victoria v Sutton (1998) …. 33-11 State Rail Authority of New South Wales v Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd (1982) …. 21-10 —v Heath Outdoor Pty Ltd (1986) …. 10-15

Steele v Tardiani (1946) …. 14-20, 30-21 Stenhouse Australia Ltd v Phillips [1974] …. 34-51 Stern v McArthur (1988) …. 33-31 Stevens v Keogh (1946) …. 34-26 Stewart v White (2011) …. 11-19 Stilk v Myrick (1809) …. 3-19 Stirling v Maitland (1864) …. 14-12 Stockloser v Johnson [1954] …. 30-14 Stocks v Wilson [1913] …. 12-10 Stocznia Gdanska SA v Latvian Shipping Co [1998] …. 31-12 Stocznia Gdynia SA v Gearbulk Holdings Ltd [2010] …. 31-05 Stone v Nilsen [1951] …. 35-23 Strada Estates Pty Ltd v Harcla Hotels Pty Ltd (1980) …. 32-10 Stratton Finance Pty Limited v Webb (2014) …. 10-25 Street v Blay (1831) …. 33-34 Streeter v Western Areas Exploration Pty Ltd (No 2) (2011) …. 29-15 Strongman (1945) Ltd v Sincock [1955] …. 34-37 Strzelecki Holdings Pty Ltd v Cable Sands Pty Ltd (2010) …. 4-12 Subdivisions Ltd v Payne [1934] …. 35-24 Suburban Homes Pty Ltd v Topper (1929) …. 11-05 Sudbrook Trading Estate Ltd v Eggleton [1983] …. 4-16 Suisse Atlantique Société d’Armement Maritime SA v NV Rotterdamsche Kolen Centra