Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean 0742555232, 9780742555235

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Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean

Critical Currents in Latin American Perspective Ronald H. Chilcote, Series Editor

The Catholic Church and Power Politics in Latin America: The Dominican Case in Comparative Perspective Emelio Betances The Prophet and Power: Jean-Bertrand Aristide, the International Community, and Haiti Alex Dupuy The Marxism of Che Guevara: Philosophy, Economics, Revolutionary Warfare, Second Edition Michael L6wy Democracy: Government of the People or Government of the Politicians? Jose Nun Cardoso's Brazil: A Land for Sale James Petras and Henry Veltmeyer People's Power: Cuba's Experience with Representative Government, Updated Edition Peter Roman

Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean New Edition

Edited by Richard L. Harris and Jorge N ef

ROW MAN &. LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC.

Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK

ROWMAN &. LITILEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Rowman &. Littlefield Publishers, Ine. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman &. Littlefield Publishing Group, Ine. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowmanlittlefield.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright © 2008 by Rowman &. Littlefield Publishers, Ine.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Capital, power, and inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean j edited by Richard L. Harris and Jorge Nef. - New edition. p. cm. - (Critical currents in Latin American perspective) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7425-5523-5 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN-I0: 0-7425-5523-2 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-7425-5524-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-lO: 0-7425-5524-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) l. Latin America-Economic conditions-1982- 2. Latin America-Social conditions-1982- 3. Latin America-Politics and government-1980- 4. Power (Social sciences)-Latin America. 5. Equality-Latin America. 1. Harris, Richard L. (Richard Lege), 1939- 11. Ne£, Jorge. HC125.C32 2008 330.98-dc22 2007033030 Printed in the United States of America ~TM

'8 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSIjNISO Z39.48-1992.

Contents Acknowledgments Acknowledgment of Support Maps forge Nef Preface Richard L. L. Harris and Jorge 1

2 3 4 5

6

7 8 9 10 11 11

Capital, Power, and Inequality in Latin America and CapitaL forge Nef the Caribbean Richard L. L. Harris and Jorge

vii ix x

xiii

1

Latin America's Rural Transformation: Unequal Crist6bal Kay Development and Persistent Poverty Cristobal

24

Dependency, Underdevelopment, and Neoliberalism Richard L. L. Harris

49

Economic Restructuring, Neoliberalism, and the Working Class Class Viviana Patroni

96

Insecurity, Development, and Democracy: A Pan-American Perspective Jorge forge Nef

118

The Riddle of New Social Movements: Who They Are and Judith AdlerHellman What They Do ludith Adler Hellman

153

Women in the SociaL Social, Political, PoliticaL and Economic Transformation Caribbean of Latin America and the Ca rib bean Francesca Miller M iller

174

Indigenous Peoples: Changing Identities and Forms of Resistance ~ichael Michael Kearney and Stefano Varese

196

Liberation Theology, Christian Base Communities, and Solidarity Movements: A Historical Reflection Wilder Wilder Robles

225

Ecological Crisis, Sustainable Development, and Capitalism Guido Pascual Galafassi

251

Globalization and Regionalization in the Americas forge Nef Richard L. L. Harris and Jorge

Index About the Contributors Please see the book's website web site for additional materials: http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com/isbn/0742555240 http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com/isbn/07 42555240 v

273 273

321 341

Acknowledgments

The editors wish to acknowledge Sandor Halebsky, the founding father of the first edition of this book. It was his vision, inspiration, and dedication that gave life to this collective endeavor in its original version. Without you, Sandy, this book would never have been published in its original version or this new edition. We also wish to express our deepest gratitude to Ronald Chilcote, the editor of the Critical Currents in Latin American Perspective Series for Rowman & Littlefield, as well as the editor of the series in which the first edition of this book was published in 1995. His support, guidance, editorial suggestions, and friendship over the years have been invaluable and were indispensable in bringing both the original and this new version of the book into print. In addition, we wish to thank Rowman & Littlefield's editorial and marketing staff, particularly associate editor Jessica Gribble, for their faith in this project, their support, and their assistance. Finally, we wish to acknowledge our deep and enduring reverence for the Americas (the people, flora, fauna, and physical geography of this magnificent region of the planet). This printed product of our collective intellectuallabor was conceived, written, and edited with ineffable reverence for the Americas and the readers of this book.

vii

Acknowledgment of Support

The publication of this collection of essays would not have been possible without the invaluable support of the Institute for the Study of Latin America and the Caribbean (ISLAC) at the University of South Florida. ISLAC provides support and encouragement for interdisciplinary research and teaching on Latin America and the Caribbean. Its support of this collection of essays reflects the mission of the institute, which is to foment and facilitate research and the dissemination of knowledge and dialogue about these two regions of the Americas among faculty, students, and interested publics at the state, national, and international levels. The focus of this collection, like that of ISLAC, is on Latin America and the Caribbean within the larger context of the Americas. This focus is based on the premise that Latin America and the Caribbean are interconnected with Canada and the United States and that they share multicultural societies composed of the descendants of the indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere and the Europeans, Africans, and Asians who have come to this hemisphere over the last five centuries. The editors wish to express their deep appreciation for the continuing encouragement and support they received for the publication of this volume from ISLAC and the University of South Florida.

ix

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