Business law for managers [4th edition.] 9780455238807, 0455238804

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BUSINESS LAW FOR MANAGERS

Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited 19 Harris Street Pyrmont NSW 2009 Tel: (02) 8587 7000 Fax: (02) 8587 7100 [email protected] www.thomsonreuters.com.au For all customer inquiries please ring 1300 304 195 (for calls within Australia only)

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Business Law for Managers CLIVE TURNER LLB (B'ham), PhD (ANU) Sometime Associate Professor of Law University of Queensland

JOHN TRONE BA, LLB, PhD (UQ) Research Fellow Curtin Law School Curtin University

ROGER GAMBLE LLB (Melb) LLM (Mon) Dip Ed (Rus) Lecturer in Law in the Faculty of Business and Economics Monash University

BEN FRENCH B Laws (Hons), B Business (Griffith), Grad Dip Legal Prac (QUT), Grad Cert Higher Ed (Griffith) Lecturer, Griffith Business School Griffith University

FOURTH EDITION

LAWBOOK CO. 2017

Published in Sydney by Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited ABN 64 058 914 668 19 Harris Street, Pyrmont, NSW First edition Second edition Third edition

2011 2012 2015

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PREFACE Business Law for Managers 4th edition incorporates Concise Australian Commercial Law (CACL), which itself is an abridged adaptation of Clive Turner and John Trone’s Australian Commercial Law 31st edition (ACL) compiled by Roger Gamble (Monash University). The content in the topics covered in CACL is, in every substantive way, the same as in ACL. CACL extracts the topics most commonly taught within business law units from ACL, streamlines some of the content, expands some of the case summaries and commentary. In Business Law for Managers 4th edition, Ben French has included two chapters: “Employment Law” and “Anti-Discrimination and Equal Employment Opportunity Law”, to meet the course requirements of business law at Griffith University. Thank you again to the team at Thomson Reuters who have brought this fourth edition to fruition: Janet Armstrong, Vickie Ma and Ben Brocherie. Many thanks are owed to Clive Turner, John Trone and Roger Gamble for their permission to produce this adaptation of Concise Australian Commercial Law. Finally, to ensure the correct attribution of authorship, we acknowledge Olav Muurlink for his work on previous chapters of Employment and Discrimination Law and his continued support and friendship. We also acknowledge the work of Dr Karen Vaggelas on the Law of Torts chapter, Dr John Trone on the Business Ethics chapter, and Associate Professor Paul Ali on the Partnership and Company Law chapters in Australian Commercial Law 31st edition, which have been incorporated into this work. BEN FRENCH Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 1 December 2016

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Extracts from the texts below have been reproduced in this book: CCH Australia: http://www.cch.com.au Australian Trade Practices Reporter (ATPR).

Council of Law Reporting for New South Wales: New South Wales Law Reports (NSWLR). © Council of Law Reporting for New South Wales.

HIH Royal Commission (Commonwealth of Australia): http://www.hihroyalcom.gov.au HIH Royal Commission, The Failure of HIH Insurance (2003), Vol 1.

Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England & Wales: http://www.lawreports.co.uk Appeal Cases (AC). Chancery Division Cases (Ch D). King’s Bench (KB). Queen’s Bench (QB). Weekly Law Reports (WLR).

LexisNexis Australia: http://www.lexisnexis.com.au Australian Law Reports (ALR). Intellectual Property Reports (IPR). Queensland Reports (Qd R). Victorian Reports (VR).

Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited: http://www.thomsonreuters.com.au Australian Law Journal Reports (ALJR). Commonwealth Law Reports (CLR). Federal Court Reports (FCR). State Reports of New South Wales (SR (NSW)).

United Nations Global Compact: www.unglobalcompact.org United Nations Global Compact.

While efforts have been taken to establish and acknowledge copyright, Lawbook Co. (a part of Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited) tenders its apology for any accidental infringement. The publisher would be pleased to come to a suitable arrangement with the rightful owners in each case.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................................................................... vii Table of Cases.............................................................................................................................................................................. xi Table of Statutes ...................................................................................................................................................................... xxiii Table of Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................................... xxxiii Glossary .................................................................................................................................................................................. xxxv

PART 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: An Introduction to Law and the Australian Legal System ....................................................... 3 PART 2: LAW OF CONTRACT........................................................................................................................... 45 Chapter 2: Introduction to the Law of Contract ........................................................................................ 47 Chapter 3: Offer and Acceptance................................................................................................................... 53 Chapter 4: Intention to Create Legal Relations........................................................................................... 81 Chapter 5: Consideration, Promissory Estoppel and Formalities ............................................................. 91 Chapter 6: Contractual Capacity................................................................................................................... 111 Chapter 7: Genuine Consent ......................................................................................................................... 117 Chapter 8: Legality of Object........................................................................................................................ 147 Chapter 9: Contents and Interpretation of the Contract ........................................................................ 167 Chapter 10: Operation of the Contract....................................................................................................... 197 Chapter 11: Termination and Breach of a Contract .................................................................................. 205 Chapter 12: Remedies .................................................................................................................................... 229 PART 3: CONSUMER PROTECTION.............................................................................................................. 249 Chapter 13: Consumer Protection ................................................................................................................ 251 PART 4: TORTS AND ETHICS......................................................................................................................... 325 Chapter 14: Law of Torts ............................................................................................................................... 327

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PART 5: BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS............................................................................................................. 365 Chapter 15: Law of Agency............................................................................................................................ 367 Chapter 16: Corporations Law..................................................................................................................... 399 PART 6: BUSINESS ETHICS ............................................................................................................................ 431 Chapter 17: Business Ethics .......................................................................................................................... 433 PART 7: EMPLOYMENT AND ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LAW .................................................................... 449 Chapter 18: Employment Law....................................................................................................................... 451 Chapter 19: Anti-Discrimination and Equal Employment Opportunity Law ........................................ 487 Index .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 517

Table of Cases A A Schroeder Music Publishing Co Ltd v Macaulay [1974] 1 WLR 1308 ........................ 8.470 ALH Group Property Holdings Pty Ltd v Chief Commissioner of State Revenue (2012) 245 CLR 338 ...................................... 10.140 ANZ Banking Group v Frost [1989] VR 695 ........ 3.740 ATCO Controls Pty Ltd (In liq) v Newtronics Pty Ltd (In liq) (2009) 25 VR 411 .................... 4.220 Abdurahman v Field (1987) 8 NSWLR 158 .......... 8.580 Adams v Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 250 ................... 3.540 Adeels Palace Pty Ltd v Mourabak (2009) 239 CLR 420 .................................... 14.102, 14.508 Adelaide Petroleum NL v Poseidon Ltd (1990) 98 ALR 431 ........................................ 13.670 Akron Securities v Iliffe (1997) 41 NSWLR 353 ................................................................ 13.920 Alameddine v Glenworth Valley Horse Riding Pty Ltd [2015] NSWCA 219 ................ 9.280, 9.390, 13.1145 Alati v Kruger (1955) 94 CLR 216 ............ 7.630, 7.640 Alexander v Rayson [1936] 1 KB 169 ................... 8.320 Aliotta v Broadmeadows Bus Service Pty Ltd [1988] ATPR 40-873 ...................................... 15.590 Allegretta v Prime Holdings Pty Ltd [1991] EOC 92-364 .................................................. 19.290 Alzawy v Coptic Orthodox Church Diocese of Sydney, St Mary and St Merkorious Church (No. 2) [2016] NSWSC 1123 ............ 14.565 Amber Size Chemical Co v Menzel [1913] 2 Ch 239 ............................................................. 8.400 Anderson v Glass (1868) 5 WW & AB (L) 152 .................................................................... 5.70 Anderson v Thompson [2001] NSWADT 11 ...... 19.460, 19.470 Andrews v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (2012) 247 CLR 205 ...... 12.331 Andrews v Parker [1973] Qd R 93 ........................ 8.200 Andrews Bros (Bournemouth) Ltd v Singer & Co Ltd [1934] 1 KB 17 .................................... 9.360 Ankar Pty Ltd v National Westminster Finance (Australia) Ltd (1987) 162 CLR 549 ................................................................. 11.300 Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Ltd (2002) 211 CLR 317; [2002] HCA 35 .................................. Ansett Transport Industries (Operations) Pty Ltd v Australian Federation of Airline Pilots [1991] 1 VR 637 ..................... 18.440, 18.460 Apand Pty Ltd v The Kettle Chip Co Pty Ltd (1994) 52 FCR 474 ........................................ 13.120 Applicant v Respondent [PR548852] .................. 18.110

Ardeshirian v Robe River Iron Associates [1990] EOC 92-299 ....................................... 19.450 Armagas Ltd v Mundogas SA [1986] 1 AC 717 ................................................................ 15.640 Ascot Four Pty Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (2009) 176 FCR 106 ........................................................ 13.370 Ashmore, Benson, Pease & Co Ltd v AV Dawson Ltd [1973] 1 WLR 828 ....................... 8.140 Ashrafi Persian Trading Co Pty Ltd v Ashrafinia [2001] NSWCA 243 ...................... 14.102 Ashton v Pratt [2015] NSWCA 12 ................. 4.80, 9.20 Associated Newspapers Ltd v Bancks (1951) 83 CLR 322 ..................................................... 9.130 Astley v Austrust Ltd (1999) 197 CLR 1 ............ 12.250, 14.560 Attorney-General (Cth) v The Queen; Ex parte Boilermakers Society of Australia (1957) 95 CLR 529 .......................................... 1.150 Attorney-General (SA) v Corporation of the City of Adelaide (2013) 249 CLR 1 .................. 3.630 Attwood v Lamont [1920] 3 KB 571 .................... 8.400 Aurel Forras Pty Ltd v Graham Karp Developments Pty Ltd [1975] VR 202 ............ 11.480 Austotel Pty Ltd v Franklins Selfserve Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 582 .................................... 5.285 Australasian Meat Industry Employees Union v Mudginberri Station Pty Ltd (1985) 61 ALR 417 ........................................................ 18.490 Australian and International Pilots Association v Fair Work Australia (2012) 202 FCR 200 ................................................. 18.470 Australian Capital Territory v Munday (2000) 99 FCR 72 ....................................................... 8.510 Australian Communications and Media Authority v Radio 2UE Sydney Pty Ltd (2009) 178 FCR 199 ...................................... 17.120 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Apple Pty Ltd [2012] ATPR 42-404; [2012] FCA 646 ................................ 13.713 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v CG Berbatis Holdings Pty Ltd (2003) 214 CLR 51 .................... 13.210, 13.220 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Channel Seven Brisbane Pty Ltd (2009) 239 CLR 305 ............................... 13.190 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Chrisco Hampers Australia Pty Ltd [2015] FCA 1204 ............................... 13.315 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 1405 .................. 7.796

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Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 634 .................... 13.66 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd (No 2) [2014] FCA 1022 ...... 13.66 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Dell Computer Pty Ltd (2002) 126 FCR 170 ...................................... 13.350 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Excite Mobile Pty Ltd (No 2) [2013] ATPR 42-454; [2013] FCA 1267 .... 13.990 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Gordon Superstore Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 452 ............................................. 13.375 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Halkalia [2012] FCA 534 ....... 13.995 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd [2011] FCA 1407 ..................................... 13.711 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Jetstar Airways Pty Ltd [2015] FCA 1263 ........................................... 13.372 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Jutsen (No 3) (2011) 206 FCR 264; 285 ALR 110 ................................. 13.610 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Lux Distributors Pty Ltd [2013] FCAFC 90 .......................................... 13.255 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Lux Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 926 ................................................................ 13.250 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Marksun Australia Pty Ltd [2011] FCA 695 ............................................. 13.395 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v McCaskey (2000) 104 FCR 8 .................................................................... 13.640 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Metricon Qld Pty Ltd [2012] FCA 797 ............................................. 13.145 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Radio Rentals Ltd (2005) 146 FCR 292 ................................................. 13.230 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Reckitt Benckiser [2016] FCA 424 .......................................................... 13.67 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Reckitt Benckiser (Australia) Pty Ltd (No 4) [2015] FCA 1408 .............................................................. 13.495 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Samton Holdings (2002)117 FCR 301 ....................................... 13.225 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Stott [2013] ATPR 43-439; [2013] FCA 88 ............................................... 13.990 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v TPG Internet Pty Ltd (2013) 250 CLR 640 ........................... 13.61, 13.940

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Taxsmart Group Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 487 ............................................. 13.452 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Turi Foods Pty Ltd [2012] FCA 19 .......................................................... 13.980 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Turi Foods Pty Ltd [2013] FCA 665 .......................................................... 13.65 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Visy Industries Holdings Pty Ltd (No 3) (2007) 244 ALR 673 ...................... 17.20 Australian Development Corporation Pty Ltd v White (2001) 189 ALR 266 ........................... 10.80 Australian European Finance Corp Ltd v Sheahan (1993) 60 SASR 187 .......................... 4.220 Australian Financial Services and Leasing Pty Ltd v Hills Industries Ltd (2014) 307 ALR 512 ................................................................ 12.440 Australian Iron & Steel Pty Ltd v Banovic (1989) 168 CLR 165 ...................................... 19.160 Australian Mutual Provident Society v Gregory (1908) 5 CLR 615 ............................ 10.190 Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd v Zaluzna (1987) 162 CLR 479 ...................................... 14.101 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Adler [2002] NSWSC 171; (2002) 168 FLR 253 ......................... 16.950, 16.975 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Carey (No 3) (2006) 232 ALR 577 .......................................................... 17.20 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (2011) 190 FCR 364 ........................................ 3.720 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Healey [2011] FCA 717; (2011) 196 FCR 291 ...................................... 16.900 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Hellicar [2012] HCA 17; (2012) 247 CLR 345 ............ 16.905, 16.910, 16.920 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Macdonald (No 11) (2009) 256 ALR 199 ................................................... 17.20 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Plymin, Elliott and Harrison [2003] VSC 123 ............................ 16.1035 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Vizard [2005] FCA 1037; (2005) FCR 57 ............................................... 16.990 Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v Commonwealth of Australia (1954) 92 CLR 424 .......................................................... 4.227 Avery v Bowden (1855) 5 E & B 714 .................. 11.200

B BB Australia Pty Ltd v Karioi Pty Ltd (2010) 278 ALR 105 ........................................ 8.490, 8.492 BP Refinery (Westernport) Pty Ltd v Hastings Shire Council (1978) 180 CLR 266 ....... 9.550, 9.560 Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571 ......................... 4.40

Table of Cases

Balog v Independent Commission Against Corruption (1990) 169 CLR 625 ..................... 1.420 Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 ................................................... 12.210, 12.240 Bank of America Australia Ltd v Ceda Jon International Pty Ltd (1988) 17 NSWLR 290 .................................................................. 8.100 Banque Brussels Lambert SA v Australian National Industries Ltd (1989) 21 NSWLR 502 ....................................................... 4.140, 4.222 Barac (t/as Exotic Studios) v Farnell (1994) 53 FCR 193 .......................................................... 8.200 Barton v Armstrong [1976] AC 104 ...................... 7.750 Bauen Constructions Pty Ltd v Sky General Services Pty Ltd [2012] NSWSC 1123 .............. 3.670 Bendigo Regional Institute of Technical and Further Education, Board of v Barclay (2012) 248 CLR 500 ............ 18.110, 18.330, 18.340 Bennett v Everitt [1988] EOC 92-244 ................. 19.368 Bermingham v Corrective Services Commission of New South Wales (1988) 15 NSWLR 292 ............................................... 1.360 Beswick v Beswick [1968] AC 58 ............... 10.25, 10.30 Bettini v Gye (1876) 1 QBD 183 ................ 9.120, 9.150 Bevanere Pty Ltd v Lubidineuse (1985) 7 FCR 325 ................................................................ 13.150 Bibby Financial Services Australia Pty Ltd v Sharma [2014] NSWCA 37 ............... 18.290, 18.295 Birdanco Nominees Pty Ltd v Money (2012) 36 VR 341 ....................................................... 8.426 Blair v Goldpath & Callinan [2010] QCAT 483 ................................................................ 18.240 Body Bronze International Pty Ltd v Fehcorp Pty Ltd (2011) 34 VR 536; 282 ALR 571 ...... 13.270 Bojczuk v Gregorcewicz [1961] SASR 128 .............. 6.40 Bolton v Mahadeva [1972] 2 All ER 1322 .......... 11.24B Bolton v Stone [1951] AC 850 ............................ 14.425 Boncristiano v Lohmann [1998] 4 VR 82 ........... 12.245 Booker Industries Pty Ltd v Wilson Parking (Qld) Pty Ltd [1982] HCA 53 .......................... 3.750 Boyd v Ryan (1947) 48 SR (NSW) 163 ............... 12.390 Brakoulias v Karunaharan (Ruling) [2012] VSC 272 ........................................................ 14.435 Brick & Pipe Industries Ltd v Occidental Life Nominees Pty Ltd [1992] 2 VR 279 ............... 16.333 Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandels-gesellschaft mbH [1983] 2 AC 34 ................................................ 3.590 Brosnan v Katke [2016] FCAFC 1 ...................... 13.160 Buckland v Massey [1985] 1 Qd R 502 .................. 8.80 Buckley v Tutty (1971) 125 CLR 353 ................... 8.450 Burmic Pty Ltd v Goldview Pty Ltd [2003] 2 Qd R 477 ........................................................... 8.20 Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd (1994) 179 CLR 520 ...................................... 14.433 Burns v MAN Automotive (Aust) Pty Ltd (1986) 161 CLR 653 ...................................... 12.170 Buseska v Sergio (1990) 102 FLR 157 ................ 15.264 Butcher v Lachlan Elder Realty Pty Ltd (2004) 218 CLR 592 ...................................... 13.177 Butler v Craine [1986] VR 274 ............................. 5.370

Byers v Dorotea Pty Ltd (1986) 69 ALR 715 ...... 13.155 Byrne & Co v Leon Van Tienhoven & Co (1880) 5 CPD 344 ............................................ 3.240

C CAJ Investments Pty Ltd v Lourandos (1998) 83 FCR 189 ................................................... 13.820 CAL No 14 Pty Ltd v Motor Accidents Board (2009) 239 CLR 390 ...................................... 14.150 CDPP v Hill and Kamay [2015] VSC 86 ........... 16.1046 Caltex Oil (Aust) Pty Ltd v The Dredge “Willemstad” (1976) 136 CLR 529 ............... 14.190 Caparo Industries Plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 ................................................................ 14.330 Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] 1 QB 256 ..................................... 3.40, 3.50, 3.400, 3.480 Carney v Herbert [1985] 1 AC 301 ....................... 8.620 Carter v Hyde (1923) 33 CLR 115 ....................... 3.320 Castle Constructions Pty Ltd v Fekala Pty Ltd (2006) 65 NSWLR 648 .................................. 12.180 Causer v Browne [1952] VLR 1 ............................ 9.230 Cedar Hill Flowers & Foliage Pty Ltd v Spierenburg [2003] 1 Qd R 482 ....................... 8.480 Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd [1947] KB 130 ....................... 5.243 Century Insurance Co Ltd v Northern Ireland Road Transport Board [1942] AC 509 ........... 14.640 Chappel v Hart (1998) 185 CLR 232 ................. 14.508 Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1960] AC 87 ................................................................ 5.60 Chiarabaglio v Westpac Banking Corp [1989] ATPR 40-971; [1991] ATPR (Digest) 46-067 ........................................................... 14.320 Chief Executive Officer of Customs v Biocontrol Ltd (2006) 150 FCR 64 .................. 1.420 Chin Keow v Government of Malaysia [1967] 1 WLR 813 .................................................... 14.395 Chitts v Allaine [1982] Qd R 319 ........................... 8.40 Clark v Macourt (2013) 304 ALR 220 ................ 12.115 Claude Neon Ltd v Hardie [1970] Qd R 93 ........ 11.477 Cocks v Queensland [1994] EOC 92-612 ........... 19.260 Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337 ............................................. 9.570, 11.430 Cody v JH Nelson Pty Ltd (1947) 74 CLR 629 .................................................................. 1.420 Collins v Godefroy (1831) 1 B & Ad 950; 109 ER 1040 .................................................... 5.100 Comcare v PVYW (2013) 250 CLR 246 ............. 18.410 Comcare v Thompson (2000) 100 FCR 375 ......... 1.360 Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio (1983) 151 CLR 447 ................ 7.880, 7.890, 13.200 Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Barker (2014) 253 CLR 169 ...................................... 18.250 Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Barker [2014] HCA 32 .............................................. 18.255 Commonwealth v Amann Aviation Pty Ltd (1991) 174 CLR 64 ................ 12.90, 12.100, 12.190 Commonwealth Disposals Commission v McRae (1951) 84 CLR 377 ............................ 11.310

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Con-Stan Industries of Australia Pty Ltd v Norwich Winterthur Insurance (Australia) Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 226 ...................... 9.570, 9.590 Concrete Constructions (NSW) Pty Ltd v Nelson (1990) 169 CLR 594 ............................ 13.50 Cooper Brookes (Wollongong) Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (1981) 147 CLR 297 ............................................... 1.390, 1.400 Cork v Kirby McLean [1952] 2 All ER 402 ........ 14.508 Costa Vraca Pty Ltd v Berrigan Weed & Pest Control Pty Ltd (1998) 155 ALR 714 .......... 13.170A Coulls v Bagot’s Executor & Trustee Co Ltd (1967) 119 CLR 460 ........................................ 10.20 Council of the City of Sydney v West (1965) 114 CLR 481 ............................. 9.400, 9.410, 9.440 Council of the Upper Hunter County District v Australian Chilling & Freezing Co Ltd [1968] HCA 8; (1968) 118 CLR 429 ............... 3.730 Cowern v Nield [1912] 2 KB 419 ........................... 6.90 Cox v Mosman [1909] QSR 45 .......................... 15.140 Cox v Public Transport Corporation [1992] EOC 92-401 .................................................. 19.100 Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct Mail Advertising & Addressing Co Pty Ltd (1975) 133 CLR 72 ........................... 15.130, 15.264 Crawford Fitting Co v Sydney Valve & Fittings Pty Ltd (1988) 14 NSWLR 438 ........... 11.40 Crown Melbourne Ltd v Cosmopolitan Hotel (Vic) Pty Ltd [2016] HCA 26 ..... 3.760, 5.287, 9.110 Cummings v Sir William Arrol & Co Ltd [1962] 1 WLR 295 ......................................... 14.508 Cummings and anor v Claremont Petroleum NL [1992] FCA 674 ....................................... 16.980 Cundy v Lindsay (1878) 3 App Cas 459 .............. 7.210, 7.290, 7.360 Cutter v Powell (1795) 101 ER 573 ...................... 11.21

D D v Berkeley Challenge Pty Ltd [2001] EOC 93-150 ........................................................... 19.410 Daly v Thiering (2013) 249 CLR 381 ................... 1.420 Daniels v Anderson (1995) 37 NSWLR 438 ...... 16.930, 16.940 Dargusch v Sherley Investments Pty Ltd [1970] Qd R 338 ........................................... 15.330 Darlington Futures Ltd v Delco Australia Pty Ltd (1986) 161 CLR 500 ...................... 9.440, 9.450 David Securities Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of Australia (1990) 23 FCR 1 ................ 14.320 David Securities Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of Australia (1992) 175 CLR 353 ........... 7.400 Davis v Pearce Parking Station Pty Ltd (1954) 91 CLR 642 ..................................................... 9.390 Davis Contractors Ltd v Fareham Urban District Council [1956] AC 696 ..................... 11.313 Day v O’Leary (1992) 57 SASR 206 ................... 12.140 Day Ford Pty Ltd v Sciacca [1990] 2 Qd R 209 .................................................................. 8.620 De Francesco v Barnum (1890) 45 Ch D 430 ......... 6.80 Dearle v Hall (1828) 3 Russ 1; 38 ER 475 .......... 10.190

Deatons Pty Ltd v Flew (1949) 79 CLR 370 ...... 14.650, 15.650 Debenham v Mellon (1880) 5 QBD 394 ............. 15.190 Demagogue Pty Ltd v Ramensky (1992) 39 FCR 31 ............................................... 7.500, 13.172 Derbyshire Building Co Pty Ltd v Becker (1962) 107 CLR 633 ........................................ 9.580 Derry v Peek (1889) 14 App Cas 337 .................... 7.490 Dick Bentley Productions Limited v Harold Smith (Motors) Ltd [1965] 1 WLR 623 ............. 9.50 Director of Public Prosecutions v Walters [2015] VSCA 303 ............................................. 1.360 Dobbs v National Bank of Australasia Ltd (1935) 53 CLR 643 .......................................... 8.340 Dobler v Halverson [2007] NSWCA 335 ............ 14.480 Dollar Sweets Pty Ltd v Federated Confectioners Association of Australia [1986] VR 383 .................................. 18.440, 18.450 Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 ..... 14.40, 14.60, 14.100 Duff v Blinco (No 2) [2007] 1 Qd R 407 .............. 5.330 Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge & Co Ltd [1915] AC 847 ....................................... 5.30 Dunning v BHP Billiton Ltd [2014] NSWDDT 3 ................................................... 18.417

E E v Australian Red Cross Society (1992) 31 FCR 299 ...................................................... 13.1060 EBay International AG v Creative Festival Entertainment Pty Ltd (2006) 170 FCR 450 .................................................................. 9.500 Elder Smith Goldsbrough Mort Ltd v McBride [1976] 2 NSWLR 631 ........................ 9.380 Elizabeth City Centre Pty Ltd v Corralyn Pty Ltd (1995) 63 SASR 235 .................................. 3.560 Empirnall Holdings Pty Ltd v Machon Paull Partners Pty Ltd (1988) 14 NSWLR 523 .......... 3.350 Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc (2002) 209 CLR 95 .................... 4.10, 4.15 Ertel Bieber & Co v Rio Tinto Co Ltd [1918] AC 260 .......................................................... 11.330 Esanda Finance Corp Ltd v Peat Marwick Hungerfords (1997) 188 CLR 241 ................. 14.335 Escobar v Rainbow Printing Pty Ltd (No 2) [2002] EOC 93-229 ....................................... 19.170 Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Harper’s Garage (Stourport) Ltd [1968] 2 AC 269 ..................... 8.510 EzyDVD Pty Ltd v Lahrs Investments Qld Pty Ltd [2010] 2 Qd R 517 ......................... 8.400, 8.494

F Falko v James McEwan & Co Ltd [1977] VR 447 ................................................................ 12.220 Famestock Pty Ltd v Body Corporate for No 9 Port Douglas Road Community Title Scheme 24368 [2013] QCA 354 ....................... 9.530 Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd (2007) 230 CLR 89 ................................... 1.550

Table of Cases

Felthouse v Bindley (1862) 11 CB (NS) 869; 142 ER 1037 .................................................... 3.370 Fibrosa Spolka Akcyjna v Fairbairn, Lawson, Combe, Barbour, Ltd [1943] AC 32 .............. 11.482, 11.485 Fiorelli Properties Pty Ltd v Professional Fencemakers Pty Ltd (2011) 34 VR 257 ......... 12.333 First National Securities Ltd v Jones [1978] 1 Ch 109 ............................................................. 5.180 Fitzgerald v FJ Leonhardt Pty Ltd (1997) 189 CLR 215 .......................................................... 8.150 Fitzgerald v Penn (1945) 71 CLR 637 ................. 12.120 Flannery v O’Sullivan (No 2) [1993] EOC 92-501 ........................................................... 19.280 Fleming Bros (Monaro Agencies) Pty Ltd v Smith [1983] ATPR 40-389 .............................. 8.610 Foakes v Beer (1884) 9 App Cas 605 .................... 5.120 Font v Paspaley Pearls [2002] EOC 93-232 ........ 19.430 Foti v Banque Nationale de Paris [1990] Aust Torts Reports 81-025 ..................................... 14.320 Franklins Pty Ltd v Metcash Trading Ltd (2009) 76 NSWLR 603 .................................... 7.410 Freeman & Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd [1964] 2 QB 480 ..... 15.130, 15.210, 15.240, 15.250 Frost v Warner (2002) 209 CLR 509 .................. 14.640 Fulcher & Ors v Knott Investments Pty Ltd & Ors [2012] QSC 232 .................................... 13.1305 FWO v Bound for Glory Enterprises Pty Ltd [2014] FCCA 432 .......................................... 18.105

G Gaffney v Ryan [1995] 1 Qd R 19 .......................... 8.90 Gardiner v New South Wales WorkCover Authority [2003] EOC 93-291 ....................... 19.310 Gates v City Mutual Life Assurance Society Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 1 ................................... 13.790 Geraghty v Minter (1979) 142 CLR 177 .............. 8.400 Gibbons v Wright (1954) 91 CLR 423 .................. 6.180 Gibson v Manchester City Council [1979] 1 All ER 972 ......................................................... 3.80 Giles v Thompson [1994] 1 AC 142 ...................... 8.270 Gipps v Gipps [1978] 1 NSWLR 454 ................... 7.535 Gippsreal Ltd v Registrar of Titles (2007) 20 VR 127 .............................................................. 2.90 Given v Pryor (1979) 24 ALR 442 ...................... 13.410 Glasbrook v Glamorgan County Council [1925] AC 270 ................................................. 5.115 Gnych v Polish Club Ltd (2015) 255 CLR 414 .................................................................. 8.105 Godecke v Kirwan (1973) 129 CLR 629 ............. 3.440, 9.330 Goldsbrough, Mort & Co Ltd v Quinn (1910) 10 CLR 674 .......................................... 3.220 Goodridge v Macquarie Bank Ltd (2010) 265 ALR 170 ........................................... 10.140, 10.160 Google Inc v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (2013) 249 CLR 435 .................................................................. 13.52 Gould v Vaggelas (1984) 157 CLR 215 ................. 7.560

Graham Barclay Oysters Pty Ltd v Ryan (2002) 211 CLR 540 ...................................... 14.438 Great Northern Railway Co v Swaffield (1874) LR 9 Exch 132 ................................... 15.170 Griffiths v Northern Territory of Australia (No 3) [2016] FCA 900 ...................................... 1.95 Grocon Constructors Pty Ltd v Construction Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU) (2013) 234 IR 59; [2014] VSC 134 ................................................... 18.440, 18.455 Grocon Constructors Pty Ltd v Construction Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (No 2) (2014) 241 IR 288 ......................................... 18.455

H H Parsons (Livestock) Ltd v Uttley Ingham & Co Ltd [1978] 1 QB 791 ................................ 12.130 HTW Valuers (Central Qld) Pty Ltd v Astonland Pty Ltd (2004) 217 CLR 640 ........ 13.810 Hadley v Baxendale (1854) 9 Exch 341 ............. 12.120, 12.123 Hall & Barker, Re [1878] 9 Ch D 538 .................. 11.22 Hamilton v Lethbridge (1912) 14 CLR 236 ............ 6.60 Harris v Nickerson (1872–73) LR 8 QB 286 ........ 3.140 Hart v O’Connor [1985] AC 1000 ....................... 6.180 Hartley v Ponsonby (1857) 7 E & B 872 .............. 5.133 Harvela Investments Ltd v Royal Trust Co of Canada Ltd [1986] AC 207 .............................. 3.170 Harvey v Facey [1893] AC 552 ............................... 3.90 Hatt v Magro (2007) 34 WAR 256 ..................... 13.850 Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd [1964] AC 465 ............................ 14.250, 14.270 Helicopter Sales (Aust) Pty Ltd v Rotor-Work Pty Ltd (1974) 132 CLR 1 ............................... 9.580 Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd [1968] 1 QB 549 ............................................. 15.230, 15.263 Henjo Investments Pty Ltd v Collins Marrickville (1988) 79 ALR 83 ...................... 13.171 Henthorn v Fraser [1892] 2 Ch 27 ........................ 3.530 Herbert Morris Ltd v Saxelby [1916] 1 AC 688 ....................................................... 8.400, 8.410 Hermann v Charlesworth [1905] 2 KB 123 ......... 8.350, 8.640 Herne Bay Steamboat Co v Hutton [1903] 2 KB 683 ........................................................... 11.390 Hivac Ltd v Park Royal Scientific Instruments Ltd [1946] Ch 169 ........................................... 8.400 Hoenig v Isaacs [1952] 2 All ER 176 .................. 11.24A Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd (2001) 207 CLR 21 ......... 14.620, 18.200, 18.210, 18.220 Holwell Securities Ltd v Hughes [1974] 1 All ER 161 ............................................................. 3.550 Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd [1952] 2 QB 26 ....... 9.170, 11.300 Hopcroft v Edmunds (2013) 116 SASR 191 ....... 15.231 Howard v Geradin Pty Ltd t/as Harvard Securities [2004] EOC 93-358 ......... 19.368, 19.370, 19.390 Howard Smith & Co Ltd v Varawa (1907) 5 CLR 68 .......................................................... 15.140

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Howe v Teefy (1927) 27 SR (NSW) 301 ............. 12.200 Hoyt’s Pty Ltd v Spencer (1919) 27 CLR 133 ......... 9.90 Humberstone v Northern Timber Mills (1949) 79 CLR 389 ........................... 14.620, 18.160 Humphries v Proprietors “Surfers Palms North” Group Titles Plan 1955 (1994) 179 CLR 597 ................................................... 8.620 Hyde v Wrench (1840) 49 ER 132 ........................ 3.280

I IRAF Pty Ltd v Graham [1982] 1 NSWLR 419 .................................................................. 8.610 Imbree v McNeilly (2008) 236 CLR 510 ........... 14.395, 14.400 Insight SRC IP Holdings Pty Ltd v Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd (2013) 101 IPR 484 ....................................... 10.150 Insight Vacations Pty Ltd v Young [2011] HCA CLR 149 ....................... 1.760, 9.370, 13.1145

J J Lauritzen AS v Wijsmuller BV [1990] 1 Lloyds Rep 1 .................................................. 11.479 JC Williamson Ltd v Lukey and Mulholland (1931) 45 CLR 282 ........................................ 12.370 Jaensch v Coffey [1984] HCA 52 ........................ 14.106 Janssen-Cilag Pty Ltd v Pfizer Pty Ltd (1992) 37 FCR 526 ................................................... 13.820 Jardin v Metcash Ltd (2011) 285 ALR 677 ........... 8.422 Jarvis v Swans Tours Ltd [1973] 1 QB 233 ......... 12.235 Je Maintiendrai Pty Ltd v Quaglia (1980) 26 SASR 101 ......................................................... 5.250 Johnson v Buttress (1936) 56 CLR 113 ................. 7.810 Johnson Tiles Ltd v Esso Australia Pty Ltd [2004] VSC 466 ........................................................ Jones v Dumbrell [1981] VR 199 .......................... 7.510 Jones v Vernon’s Pools Ltd [1938] 2 All ER 626 .................................................................. 4.210 Joseph Constantine Steamship Line Ltd v Imperial Smelting Corp Ltd [1942] AC 154 .... 11.480

K Kakavas v Crown Melbourne Ltd (2013) 250 CLR 392 .......................................................... 7.925 Karatjas v Deakin University (2012) 35 VR 355 ................................................................ 14.102 Karedis Enterprises Pty Ltd v Antoniou (1995) 59 FCR 35 .......................................... 13.860 Keen Mar Corp Pty Ltd v Labrador Shopping Centre (1989) ATPR 46-048 ........................... 13.176 Keighley, Maxsted & Co v Durant [1901] AC 240 ................................................... 15.266, 15.550 Kelly v Solari (1841) 9 M & W 54; 152 ER 24 .................................................................... 7.370 Kelner v Baxter (1866) LR 2 CP 174 .................. 15.510 Khoury v Khouri (2006) 66 NSWLR 241 ............. 5.330 King v Philcox (2015) 255 CLR 304 ..............................

Kiriri Cotton Co Ltd v Dewani [1960] AC 192 .................................................................. 8.560 Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine Pty Ltd (2007) 233 CLR 115 .......... 9.160, 11.300, 11.305, 12.30 Kooragang Investments Pty Ltd v Richardson & Wrench Ltd [1982] AC 462 ....................... 15.660 Koufos v Czarnikow Ltd [1969] 1 AC 350 ......... 12.127 Krakowski v Eurolynx Properties Ltd (1995) 183 CLR 563 ................................................... 7.520 Krell v Henry [1903] 2 KB 740 ........................... 11.370 Ku-ring-gai Co-operative Building Society, Re (No 12) Ltd (1978) 36 FLR 134 ...................... 13.50

L L J Hooker Ltd v W J Adams Estate Pty Ltd (1977) 138 CLR 52 ........................................ 15.410 L Schuler AG v Wickman Machine Tool Sales Ltd [1974] AC 235 ......................................... 11.275 LED Technologies Pty Ltd v Roadvision Pty Ltd (2012) 199 FCR 204 ................................. 10.80 L’Estrange v F Graucob Ltd [1934] 2 KB 394 ..... 9.200, 9.210, 9.460 Lancashire Loans Ltd v Black [1934] 1 KB 380 .................................................................. 7.800 Laurinda Pty Ltd Capalaba Park Shopping Centre Pty Ltd (1989) 166 CLR 623 .............. 11.193 Lawrence v Coal & Allied Mining Services (2012) 202 IR 388 ............................ 18.310, 18.320 Laws v GWS Machinery Pty Ltd (2007) 209 FLR 53 ......................................................... 13.1020 Le Mans Grand Prix Circuits Pty Ltd v Illiadis [1998] VSC 331 ............................................... 9.240 Leaf v International Galleries [1950] 2 KB 86 ........ 7.90, 7.100 Lee v Smith [2007] EOC 93-456 ........... 19.363, 19.365, 19.367 Leonard v PepsiCo 88 F Supp 2d 116 (1999) .......... 3.60 Leslie v Sheill [1914] 3 KB 607 ............................. 6.140 Lewis v Averay [1972] 1 QB 198 .... 7.260, 7.270, 7.630 Lift Capital Partners Pty Ltd v Merrill Lynch International (2009) 73 NSWLR 482 ............... 5.180 Liftronic Pty Ltd v Unver (2001) 179 ALR 321 ................................................................ 14.560 Lightning Bolt Pty Ltd v Skinner & Smith [2002] QCA 518 ............................................ 19.130 Lindner v Murdock’s Garage (1950) 83 CLR 628 .................................................................. 8.400 Lintrose Nominees Pty Ltd v King [1995] 1 VR 574 .......................................................... 15.310 Lister v Romford Ice and Cold Storage Co Ltd [1957] QB 180 ........................... 19.270, 19.280 Littlewoods Organisation Ltd v Harris [1977] 1 WLR 1472 .................................................... 8.420 Lloyd v Citicorp Australia Ltd (1986) 11 NSWLR 286 .................................................. 14.320 Lloyd’s Bank Ltd v Bundy [1975] QB 326 ............ 7.840 Lloyd’s Ships Holdings Pty Ltd v Davros Pty Ltd (1987) 17 FCR 505 ................................... 8.380 Louth v Diprose (1992) 175 CLR 621 .................. 7.910

Table of Cases

Luna Park (NSW) Ltd v Tramways Advertising Pty Ltd (1938) 61 CLR 286 ......... 12.270 Luxor (Eastbourne) Ltd v Cooper [1941] AC 108 ................................................................ 15.400

M MWH Australia Pty Ltd v Wynton Stone Australia Pty Ltd (in liq) (2010) 31 VR 575 .................................................................. 9.390 Mabo v State of Queensland (No 2) (1992) 175 CLR 1 ................................................ 1.80, 1.90 MacKinlay v Derry Dew Pty Ltd [2014] WASCA 24 ....................................................... 8.610 Mahmoud & Ispahani, Re [1921] 2 KB 716 .......... 8.40, 8.120 Malago Pty Ltd v AW Ellis Engineering Pty Ltd [2012] NSWCA 227 .................................. 4.150 Malik v Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA [1998] AC 20 ....................... 18.250 March v E & MH Stramare Pty Ltd (1991) 171 CLR 506 ................................................. 14.509 Marsh v Baxter (2015) 49 WAR 1 ................................. Marsh v Joseph [1897] 1 Ch 213 ........................ 15.140 Marsh & McLennan Pty Ltd v Stanyers Transport Pty Ltd [1994] 2 VR 232 ............... 15.540 Martin v Gale (1876) 4 Ch D 428 ........................ 6.130 Master Education Services Pty Ltd v Ketchell (2008) 236 CLR 101 .......................................... 8.70 Masters v Cameron (1954) 91 CLR 353 ............... 3.420 Maynegrain Pty Ltd v Compafina Bank [1982] 2 NSWLR 141 .................................... 15.550 McEvoy v ANZ Banking Group Ltd [1988] Aust Torts Reports 80-151 ............................. 14.320 McFarlane v Daniell (1938) 38 SR (NSW) 337 .................................................................. 8.610 McHale v Watson (1964) 111 CLR 384 .............. 14.395 McLaughlin v City Bank of Sydney (1912) 14 CLR 684 .......................................................... 6.180 McRae v Commonwealth Disposals Commission (1951) 84 CLR 377 .......... 7.110, 7.120 McWilliam’s Wines Pty Ltd v McDonald’s System of Australia Pty Ltd (1980) 33 ALR 394 .................................................................. 13.95 Mercantile Union Guarantee Corp Ltd v Ball [1937] 2 KB 498 ................................................ 6.90 Mercer v Commissioner for Road Transport and Tramways (NSW) (1936) 56 CLR 580 .... 14.438 Merck Sharp & Dohme (Australia) Pty Ltd v Peterson (2011) 196 FCR 145 284 ALR 1 .... 13.1075, 13.1190, 13.1220 Meridien AB Pty Ltd v Jackson [2014] 1 Qd R 142 ............................................................... 1.360 Meriton Apartments Pty Ltd v McLaurin & Tait (Developments) Pty Ltd (1976) 133 CLR 671 ........................................................ 11.445 Merritt v Merritt [1970] 1 WLR 1211 .................... 4.60 Metropolitan Water Board v Dick, Kerr & Co Ltd [1918] AC 119 ......................................... 11.410 Meyer v Kalanick No 15 Civ. 9796 ....................... 9.480

Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd (1971) 17 FLR 141 .................................................................... 1.30 Miller Associates (Australia) Pty Ltd v Bennington Pty Ltd [1975] 2 NSWLR 506 ..... 15.500 Mitor Investments Pty Ltd v General Accident Fire & Life Assurance Corp [1984] WAR 365 ................................................... 15.360, 15.480 Mobil Oil Australia Ltd v Wellcome International Pty Ltd (1998) 81 FCR 475 ........ 3.270 Modbury Triangle Shopping Centre Pty Ltd v Anzil (2000) 205 CLR 254 ............... 14.102, 14.508 Moorcock, The (1889) 14 PD 64 ............... 9.530, 9.540 Motorcycling Events Group Australia v Kelly [2013] NSWCA 361 ..................................... 13.1145 Mules v Ferguson [2015] QCA 5 ........... 14.485, 14.506 Munro v Willmott [1949] 1 KB 295 .................... 15.180 Murphy v Overton Investments Pty Ltd (2004) 216 CLR 388 ...................................... 13.790 Murrihy v Betezy.com.au Pty Ltd (2013) 238 IR 307 ............................................................ 18.345 Murrihy v Betezy.com.au Pty Ltd (No 2) [2013] FCA 1146 ........................................... 18.345 Musca v Astle Corp Pty Ltd (1988) 80 ALR 251 ................................................................ 13.820 Musumeci v Winadell Pty Ltd (1994) 34 NSWLR 723 .................................................... 5.140 Mutual Life and Citizens’ Assurance Co Ltd v Evatt (1968) 122 CLR 556 ............................ 14.280

N NE Perry Pty Ltd v Judge (2002) 84 SASR 86 ...... 8.430, 8.480 NRM Corporation Pty Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2016] FCAFC 98 ............................. 13.260, 13.317 NSW Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages v Norrie [2014] HCA 11 ................. 19.90 Nagle v Rottnest Island Authority (1993) 177 CLR 423 ........................................................ 14.160 National Employers Mutual General Insurance Association Ltd v Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Ltd (1989) 17 NSWLR 223 .................................................................. 1.360 Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (1996) 71 FCR 215 ........................................ 13.360 Nelson v Dahl (1879) 12 Ch D 568 ...................... 9.590 New South Wales v Commonwealth (Work Choices Case) (2006) 229 CLR 1 ......... 18.20, 18.40, 18.50 New South Wales v Fahy (2007) 232 CLR 486 ................................................................ 14.405 New South Wales v Lepore (2003) 212 CLR 511 ................................................................. 14.640 Noonan v Martin (1987) 10 NSWLR 402 .......... 15.740 Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co Ltd [1894] AC 535 ................ 8.370 Norris v Sibberas [1990] VR 161 ........................ 15.590

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North East Solutions Pty Ltd v Masters Home Improvement Australia Pty Ltd [2016] VSC 1 .............................................................. 9.310 North Ocean Shipping Co Ltd v Hyundai Construction Co Ltd [1979] 1 QB 705 ............ 7.780 Nunin Holdings Pty Ltd v Tullamarine Estates Pty Ltd [1994] 1 VR 74 .................................... 3.530

O O’Brien v Smolonogov (1983) 53 ALR 107 .......... 13.50 OOh! Media Roadside Pty Ltd v Diamond Wheels Pty Ltd (2011) 32 VR 255 .................. 11.472 O’Toole v Charles David Pty Ltd (1991) 171 CLR 232 .......................................................... 1.550 Office of Fair Trading v Ashbourne Management Services Ltd [2011] EWHC 1237 .............................................................. 13.316 Olley v Marlborough Court Ltd [1949] 1 KB 532 ....................................................... 9.270, 9.460 On Call Interpreters and Translators Agency Pty Ltd v the Commissioner of Taxation (No 3) [2011] FCA 366 .................................. 14.620 Oscar Chess Ltd v Williams [1957] 1 WLR 370 ......................................................... 7.580, 9.40 Ottoman Bank Ltd v Chakarian [1930] AC 277 ................................................... 18.270, 18.290 Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Miller Steamship Co Pty Ltd (The Wagon Mound No 2) [1967] AC 617 ..................................... 14.530 Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock & Engineering Co Ltd (The Wagon Mound No 1) [1961] AC 388 ........................ 14.515, 14.520

P Pacific Carriers Ltd v BNP Paribas (2004) 218 CLR 451 ...................................................... 15.263A Paciocco v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd [2016] HCA 28 ............ 12.331A Page One Records Ltd v Britton [1968] 1 WLR 157 ....................................................... 12.400 Panorama Developments (Guildford) Ltd v Fidelis Furnishing Fabrics Ltd [1971] 2 QB 711 .......................... 15.262, 16.325, 16.335, 16.860 Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1980] AC 614 .................. 5.75 Papas v Bianca Investments Pty Ltd (2002) 82 SASR 581 ......................................................... 7.280 Paris v Stepney Borough Council [1951] AC 367 ................................................... 14.433, 14.437 Parkdale Custom Built Furniture Pty Ltd v Puxu Pty Ltd (1982) 149 CLR 191 ................ 13.100 Parker v McKenna (1874) 10 Ch App 96 ............ 15.340 Patrick Stevedores Operations No 2 Pty Ltd v Maritime Union of Australia (1998) 195 CLR 1 .................................. 18.420, 18.430, 18.440 Parkinson v College of Ambulance Ltd [1925] 2 KB 1 ................................................... 8.290, 8.550 Paul v Cooke (2013) 85 NSWLR 167 ................. 14.511 Pavey & Matthews Pty Ltd v Paul (1987) 162 CLR 221 ........................................... 12.440, 12.445

Payzu Ltd v Saunders [1919] 2 KB 581 ............... 12.1